Classification

Kingdoms Achaea, Bacteria, & Protista

I) Introduction to Monerans

A) The ABC’s of Monerans1) A = Archaea

2) B = Bacteria

3) C = Cyanobacteria

B) All are Prokaryotic

C) Smallest & simplest living cells

D) Only organelles are ribosomes

II) Kingdom Archaea

A) Also called Archaebacteria

B) Similar to fossils dates at 3.8 billions year old

C) More close related to eukaryotes than are Bacteria

D) Extremophiles

II) Kingdom Archaea

D) Extremophiles1) Temperature

2) Salinity

3) pH

4) Pressure

E) Also common in normal locations

III) Kingdom Bacteria

A) Common in all parts of the ocean

B) Smaller than unicellular eukaryotes

C) Many serve as decomposers1) Recycle organic matter

2) Detritus: organic wastes and dead organic material

IV) Cyanobacteria (Kingdom Bacteria)

A) AutotrophicB) Make own food via photosynthesisC) Small, one-celled or colonialD) Contain pigments

A) Phycocyanin (blue-green)B) Phycoeurythrin (red)

E) Use carbon dioxide to make food, releasing oxygen

F) Too many of the organisms in a body of water usually is a sign of pollution – a “Bloom”

G. Oscillatoria

H. Nostoc

I. Anabaena

V) Kingdom Protista

A) Larger than bacteria, but still microscopic

B) Mostly unicellular

C) Three types:1) Animal-Like

2) Plant-Like

3) Fungus-Like

V) Kingdom Protista

D) Plant-Like Protists1) Autotrophic (make own food via

photosynthesis)

2) Some unicellular / Some multicellular

3) Includes diatoms, dinoflagellates, green algae, and seaweeds

V) Kingdom Protista

D) Plant-Like Protists4) Phylum Heterokontophyta: Diatoms

a) Cell wall: Silicon dioxide (SiO2)

b) Glass shell (frustule) consists of two halvesi) Frustule typically ornamented: spines or ribs

ii) Oil droplets in spines allow diatoms to float

c) Contain chlorophyll a & c, as well as yellow and brown carotenoids

d) Reproduce Asexually, but have a Sexual reproductive phase called an Auxospore

V) Kingdom Protista

D) Plant-Like Protists5) Phylum Dinoflagellata: Dinoflagellates

a) Two unequal flagellai) One wrapper around groove, other tail is free for swimming

b) Cell wall & cellulose plates

c) Autotrophic mainly, but can be heterotrophic

d) Cause red tide

e) Some are bioluminescent

f) Some are zooanthellae in coral (symbiosis)

g) Phisteria: blooms produce poison, killing fish, crabs, oysters, & clamsi) Toxic for human consumption

Halophila ovalis Ulva lactuca

Tetraselmis

7. Phylum Rhodophyta

a) Phycobillins: red algae are this color because of this pigment & chlorophyll

8) Phylum Phaeophyta

a) Fucoxanthin: brown algae vary in color, from olive green to dark brown because of this pigment

V) Kingdom Protista

E) Animal-Like Protists1) Cannot make their own food

2) Use one cell to eat, digest, reproduce, etc.

3) Move by flagella, cilia, or false feet

4) Examples: Amoebas, Paramecia, Plasmodium (malaria)

5. Phylum Chiliophora:The Ciliates

V) Kingdom Protista

F) Fungus-Like Protists1) Slime Molds

2) Live in cool, damp places like rotting logs and decaying leaves

3) A few are parasitic

4) Part of life cycle looks like a fungus, other part looks like an amoeba