Cell Types and Cell Structure. Review: The Cell Theory _dj0 _dj0.
The Cell Theory
description
Transcript of The Cell Theory
Hairy T-cell
Definition
= Three part theory about cells
1. All living things are made of cells.
Part 2 of the Theory
2. The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life.
Part 3 of the Theory
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
yeast cells dividing
Who came up with this theory?
1. Schleiden (circa 1838) All plants are made of cells!
Onion skin cells
2. Schwann
Who came up with this theory?All animals are made of cells!
Human red blood cells
Who came up with this theory?
3. Virchow
All cells come from
pre-existing cells!
How big are cells?• Microscopic
(mostly)• Measured in
microns µm • (micrometers).
• A µm is one millionth of a meter =
• 10-9 m = one thousandth of 1 mm.
How big are cells?
Smallest free-living cell = Mycoplasma genitalium
Size = 0.2 to 0.3 µm
How big are cells?
• Bacteria e.g. Eschericia coli (aka E.coli)• Size=1 µm by 3 µm
How big are cells?
• Human red blood cell = 8 µm in diameter
How big are cells?
• Largest cell on the human body =
ovum• Size= • 1000 µm in
diameter (1 mm)
How big are cells?
• Smallest cell in the human body = sperm cell.
How big are cells?
• Largest cell with a metabolism =
Chaos chaos Size=1-5 mm in
length. common name = Giant Amoeba
Chaos diffluens, is an amoeba closely related to the giant amoebae
How big are cells?
• Largest cell = yolk of an ostrich egg
Ostrich, egg, humans
Ostrich emerged from egg
How can we study cells?
Problem:They are microscopic!
Solution:Use a microscope!
Types of Microscopes
1. Compound light microscope
– Light passes through lenses to magnify image up to 1000X
– Can observe living cells
Types of Microscopes
2. Electron microscope
– Uses a beam of electrons to magnify image
> 1000X– Kills cells being
observed
Common features of all cellsSmall size – allows materials to move via
diffusion• Diffusion = process by which
molecules move from levels of high concentration to levels of low concentration until equilibrium is reached
Diffusion• Google Image Result for http://www.indian
a.edu/~phys215/lecture/lecnotes/lecgraphics/diffusion.gif
Common features of all cells
1. Cell Membrane – selectively/differentially permeable (lets some things in and out)
Common features of all cells
2. Cytoplasm – semi-fluid material in which cell organelles float
Common features of all cells
3. Nucleic acid containing genetic code :
Which nucleic acid?
DNA
Common features of all cells
4. Cytoskeleton – proteins that support the cell
(Microtubules &
microfilaments)
Common features of all cells
5. Ribosomes – make
proteins
If Cells could be really big ……
Star Trek - The Immunity Syndrome
Bibliography
• http://www.hotlinecancer.com/?cat=28• http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4636121.stm• http://www.thebacteriabusters.com/eColi.html• http://www.lungcancer.co.uk/how.htm• http://www.fi.edu/learn/heart/blood/red.html• http://biology.about.com/library/weekly/aa091400a.htm• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/babies/peopleevents/e_ovum.html• http://www.dkimages.com/discover/Home/Animals/Birds/Growth-and-Development/Ostrich/
Ostrich/Ostrich-15.html• http://www.flickr.com/photos/71751551@N00/1262329163/• http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Ostrich_egg.jpg• http://www.mambalam.net/slideshow.php?set_albumName=Animalia• http://strangebenevolent.blogspot.com/2007/07/meerkats-and-ostriches.html
•www.madsci.org/posts/archives/dec97/878139903.Cb.r.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoeba_proteus• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Immunity_Syndrome_(Star_Trek
Bibliography• http://www.pacpress.com/level3/micron.htm• Google Image Result for
http://www.indiana.edu/~phys215/lecture/lecnotes/lecgraphics/diffusion.gif
• http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Diffusion.jpg
• http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/cell_membranes.html
• http://sun.menloschool.org/~cweaver/cells/e/ribosomes/
• http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/580DNA.html• http://sciencecity.oupchina.com.hk/biology/student/glossary/cytoplasm.asp• http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lecturesf04am/lect06.htm