The Cell Part 1 EQ: How did eukaryotes evolve?. Main Ideas from Chapter 7 The Cell Theory (3 guiding...
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Transcript of The Cell Part 1 EQ: How did eukaryotes evolve?. Main Ideas from Chapter 7 The Cell Theory (3 guiding...
![Page 1: The Cell Part 1 EQ: How did eukaryotes evolve?. Main Ideas from Chapter 7 The Cell Theory (3 guiding principles) The Endosymbiont Theory explains how.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ebf5503460f94bca67d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The CellPart 1 EQ: How did eukaryotes evolve?
![Page 2: The Cell Part 1 EQ: How did eukaryotes evolve?. Main Ideas from Chapter 7 The Cell Theory (3 guiding principles) The Endosymbiont Theory explains how.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ebf5503460f94bca67d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Main Ideas from Chapter 7
• The Cell Theory (3 guiding principles)
• The Endosymbiont Theory explains how eukaryotes evolved
• Organelles are structures with specialized jobs; makes the cell more effiicient
![Page 3: The Cell Part 1 EQ: How did eukaryotes evolve?. Main Ideas from Chapter 7 The Cell Theory (3 guiding principles) The Endosymbiont Theory explains how.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ebf5503460f94bca67d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Cell Booklet Table of Contents
Pg. 1 Cell Theory
Pg. 2 Cell Types
Pg. 3 Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote diagrams
Pg. 4 Endosymbiont Theory
Pg. 5 Cell Organelle Graphic Organizer (pt 1)
Pg. 6 Animal Cell
Pg. 7 Plant Cell
Pg. 8 Cell Organelle Graphic Organizer (pt2)
Pg. 9 All cells have…
Pg. 10 Phospholipid bilayer
Pg. 11 Compare/contrast chart
Pg. 12 Cells Flow chart
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Cell TheoryWhat are the guiding principles
of all cells?All cells must serve the same
characteristics of life as the organism they make up.
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The Cell Theory Concept #1
All living things are made of cells
I.e. Cells are the building blocks from which all organisms are made.
p. 1
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Cells carry out the basic functions of life
I.e. Reproduce, use energy, respond to environment
The Cell Theory Concept #2
p. 1
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New cells arise from pre-existing cells
I.e. Spontaneous generation is not possible. Genetic material directs cell reproduction.
The Cell Theory Concept #3
p. 1
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Cell DiversityHow do the two cell types
compare and contrast?Pro- (“early”) is simple.
Euk- (“true”) is more advanced.
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Cell TypesProkaryotic Cells
• pro- “early” or before a nucleus
• have no nucleus nor other membrane-bound organelles (e.g. bacteria)
Eukaryotic Cells
• eu- “true”, -kary “kernel” or nucleus
• have nucleus enclosed in membrane & other membrane-bound organelles
p. 2
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Prokaryotic Cell (L) Compared to Eukaryotic Cell (R)
p. 3 Use p. 192 in text to finish
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Cell DiversityHow are the two basic cell types
related?Eukaryotes may have evolved from
prokaryotes.
![Page 12: The Cell Part 1 EQ: How did eukaryotes evolve?. Main Ideas from Chapter 7 The Cell Theory (3 guiding principles) The Endosymbiont Theory explains how.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ebf5503460f94bca67d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Endosymbiont Theory
According to the endosymbiont theory, a symbiotic mutual relationship involved one prokaryotic cell living inside of another.
p. 4
Also on page 407 of textbook
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Cell DiversityHow do plant and animal cells
compare and contrast?Both are eukaryotes but there are
distinct differences!
![Page 14: The Cell Part 1 EQ: How did eukaryotes evolve?. Main Ideas from Chapter 7 The Cell Theory (3 guiding principles) The Endosymbiont Theory explains how.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ebf5503460f94bca67d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Animal CellDraw & label a pictureInclude all eukaryotic organelles (see p 192)HIGHLIGHT the lysosome, microtubules, microfilaments, centrioles
PINK Page (p. 6 or 7):
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• Cell Wall - sits outside the cell membrane to give support to plants.
• Chloroplasts – converts sun’s energy into “food” (glucose).
• Chlorophyll - green pigment in chloroplasts that captures sun’s energy .
Cell Structure & Function: Eukaryotic Plant cells have…
![Page 16: The Cell Part 1 EQ: How did eukaryotes evolve?. Main Ideas from Chapter 7 The Cell Theory (3 guiding principles) The Endosymbiont Theory explains how.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ebf5503460f94bca67d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Plant CellDraw & label a pictureInclude all eukaryotic organelles (use the same labels used on animal cell)HIGHLIGHT the chloroplasts, cell wall, and central vacuole (the BIG one)
GREEN Page (p. 6 or 7):
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Homework
• Do pages 5, 8, 11, 12 (the handout inserts) in your cell booklet
• Finish the Cell Booklet p. 9
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Cell DiversityHow are cells alike?
Yes, all cells have the same basic cell structures. They are…
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Cell Structure & Function: All cells have a…
Cell Membrane• Controls what
enters & exits the cell
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Cytoplasm• Gel-like material
supports organelles & gives cell shape
Cell Structure & Function: All cells have a…
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Ribosomes• Site for proteins
synthesis (where they are made in the cell)
Cell Structure & Function: All cells have…
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DNA• Genetic
code of instructions for making proteins
Cell Structure & Function: All cells have…
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All cells have…Cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomeDraw & label pictureDescribe its functionLocation
p. 9
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Cell DiversityHow does the cell membrane work like a bouncer at da club?
If the cell didn’t have a membrane,…
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Pg. 10 Phospho-lipid bilayer
Insert handout
C
B
D
A = phospholipid A1 phosphor- “head” lets things throughA2 lipid “tails” keep things out
B = phospholipid bilayer (2 layers)C = marker proteins (i.e. name tags)D = channel proteins (let BIG stuff through
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Cell DiversityWhat would happen if cells were
missing other parts?Know the function and how parts
work together in the cell
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Cell Structure & Function: Prokaryotic cells have…• Cell membrane
• Cytoplasm
• Ribosomes
• Cell wall
• Flagellum
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Flagellum• Also made of proteins • Long, whip-like
projections that move the cell through fluid.
What if a cell didn’t have this structure?
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Cell Wall •Provides additional support and protection
•Located outside the plasma membrane
•Allows molecules to pass through (no selection)
•Plants, Fungi, and Bacteria have this
What if a cell didn’t have this structure?
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Cell Structure & Function: Eukaryotic cells have…• Cell membrane
• Cytoplasm
• Ribosomes
• Nucleus & nucleolus
• Centrioles
• Cytoskeleton
• Endoplasmic reticulum
• Golgi apparatus
• Lysosomes
• Mitochondria
• Vacuoles
• Cilia / flagella
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CytoskeletonMicrofilament and Microtubules
• Provides structure and support, like poles of a tent
• NOT in “Pro” cells
What if a cell didn’t have this structure?
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Mitochondria• “Powerhouse” of the cell
- generates energy for the cell
• Converts food particles (in the form of sugars) to energy
What if a cell didn’t have this structure?
![Page 33: The Cell Part 1 EQ: How did eukaryotes evolve?. Main Ideas from Chapter 7 The Cell Theory (3 guiding principles) The Endosymbiont Theory explains how.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ebf5503460f94bca67d/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Mitochondria are made of lots of membranes (inside & outside)
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• Lysosomes store digestive enzymes that breakdown old organelles and food
• Vacuole store materials like water and food
Cell Structure & Function: Eukaryotic cells have…
What if a cell didn’t have this structure?
![Page 35: The Cell Part 1 EQ: How did eukaryotes evolve?. Main Ideas from Chapter 7 The Cell Theory (3 guiding principles) The Endosymbiont Theory explains how.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ebf5503460f94bca67d/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Cilia• Also made of proteins
• Short, hair-like projections that work like oars of a boat to move the cell
What if a cell didn’t have this structure?
![Page 36: The Cell Part 1 EQ: How did eukaryotes evolve?. Main Ideas from Chapter 7 The Cell Theory (3 guiding principles) The Endosymbiont Theory explains how.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ebf5503460f94bca67d/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
• Nucleus - control center of the cell that houses DNA
• Nucleolus – inside the nucleus; makes ribosomes
Cell Structure & Function: Eukaryotic cells have…
What if a cell didn’t have this structure?
![Page 37: The Cell Part 1 EQ: How did eukaryotes evolve?. Main Ideas from Chapter 7 The Cell Theory (3 guiding principles) The Endosymbiont Theory explains how.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ebf5503460f94bca67d/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: The Cell Part 1 EQ: How did eukaryotes evolve?. Main Ideas from Chapter 7 The Cell Theory (3 guiding principles) The Endosymbiont Theory explains how.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ebf5503460f94bca67d/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)• Folded membrane suspended in the
cytoplasm near the nucleus.• Acts like the “highway” of the cell
in that it transports proteins around the cell.
Cell Structure & Function: Eukaryotic cells have…
What if a cell didn’t have this structure?
![Page 39: The Cell Part 1 EQ: How did eukaryotes evolve?. Main Ideas from Chapter 7 The Cell Theory (3 guiding principles) The Endosymbiont Theory explains how.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ebf5503460f94bca67d/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Types:Types:1) Rough ER – area on ER where
ribosomes attach; Makes and transport proteins.
2) Smooth ER – area where no ribosomes are attached, makes lipids (like phospholipids, for example), and it transports proteins.
What if a cell didn’t have this structure?
![Page 40: The Cell Part 1 EQ: How did eukaryotes evolve?. Main Ideas from Chapter 7 The Cell Theory (3 guiding principles) The Endosymbiont Theory explains how.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ebf5503460f94bca67d/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
The Smooth (L) & Rough (R) Endoplasmic Reticulum are located next to the nucleus
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Golgi Apparatus• Packages and ships
proteins to other parts of the cells or to the plasma membrane for export outside the cell.
• “Post-Office”, UPS or FedEx of the cell.
Cell Structure & Function: Eukaryotic cells have…
What if a cell didn’t have this structure?
![Page 42: The Cell Part 1 EQ: How did eukaryotes evolve?. Main Ideas from Chapter 7 The Cell Theory (3 guiding principles) The Endosymbiont Theory explains how.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ebf5503460f94bca67d/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Also on p. 192:find similarities & differences
Blue post-it for similarities
Yellow post-it for differences
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Pg. 11 Compare & Contrast CellsInfo on page 199 of textbook
Insert handout
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October 7th
You need Venn diagram handout on front tableUse with info on page 192 of textbook
Use this handout on p11 of your cell booklet to complete Venn diagram
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How do cells compare?
1
2
34
Plant
5 6
7
Animal
Prokaryotes
1Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatusVacuole
Mitochondria
2DNA
Cell memb.RibosomesCytoplasm
3Cell wall
4Cilia
5Chloroplasts
6 Lysosome Centriole
Cytoskeleton
7CapsuleFlagella
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Do Now: How organelles work together
• How do the nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus work together?
• How do the lysosome, vacuole, mitochondria and chloroplast work together?
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READING REVIEWOr do VIRTUAL CELL MICROSCOPY PRE-LAB
1. Summarize the 3 parts of the cell theory.
2. List 3 characteristics that all cells share.
3. Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
4. Identify a structure other than a cell wall or a large vacuole that might be found in a plant cell but not in an animal cell. Explain why the animal would not have this structure.
5. Why must a muscle or sperm cell have more mitochondria than a skin cell?