The Cell Membrane. Animal Cell Plant Cell Prokaryotic Cell: Bacteria.
The cell
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Transcript of The cell
Prepared by:
Noynay, Joanna Cristy A.
The length of your thumb is about the same as that of your nose.Humans share 60% of DNA with a banana.The jaw is the strongest muscle in the human body in terms of exerting force.The nails on long fingers grow faster than short fingers; and fingernails grow four times faster than toenails.There's about 1.8m (6 ft) long DNA inside every cell nucleus in our body, and an average adult body contains around 50 trillion (million million) cells.Corneas are the only tissues that don't require blood.The length between your elbow and hand (forearm) equals the length of your foot.The lightest organ in the human body is the lung. If you fully stretch your arms out, the fingertip to fingertip length is almost exactly your body height.
•From the Latin word “cella” meaning small room.•It is the basic structural and functional unit of all living things
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
It is single-celled
Very simple when compared with eukaryotic
No cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles.
One circular chromosome . The DNA openly travels around the cell
Reproduction is through binary fission.
Bacteria
From the Latin word “eu” means true and “karya” which means nucleus
Either unicellular or multicellular
Contains a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
Can reproduce in one of several ways: meiosis, mitosis
Plant cells
Animal cells
molds
algae
Organelle◦a tiny structure that carries out a specific function for a cell
Nucleus
Information or the control center
of the cell
It houses and protects the cells
genetic information (DNA) and
separates the it from the rest of the cell.
Nucleolus
Dense region where ribosomes
are made .
Cell wallMost commonly found in plant cells
Controls turgidity
Extracellular structure surrounding
plasma membrane
Plasma membraneOuter membrane of cell that
controls cellular traffic
Contains proteins (left, gray) that span through the membrane and allow passage of materials
Proteins are surrounded by a phospholipid bi-layer.
CentriolesPaired cylindrical organelles
near nucleus. Composed of nine tubes,
each with three tubules
Involved in cellular division
ChloropastsOval shaped organelle in a
plant cell that uses the sun's energy
to make glucose. PLANTS ONLY
Lysosomeorganelle that breaks down waste
for the cell. ANIMALS ONLY
Cytoplasmjellylike fluid that holds organelles
in place.
MitochondriaPowerhouse of the cell. Creates
energy for the cell (ATP) during
respiration. Looks like bean with a
maze inside.
Ribosomes◦ Builds proteins for the cell.
◦ Looks like small circles.
Endoplasmic reticulum◦ Stores, separates, and serves as
cell's transport system◦ Smooth type: lacks ribosomes
◦ Rough type (pictured): ribosomes
embedded in surface
Golgi apparatus◦ Protein 'packaging plant'
Vacuoles◦ storage area for a cell
◦ (often holds food and water).
Shape
◦Animal cells are rounded and somewhat irregular
◦Plant cells are rectangular in shapeCellular structure◦ Animals have centrioles and lysosomes which plant cells do not have
◦Animal cells do not have a cell wall. Instead of a cell wall, the plasma membrane is the outer boundary of animal cells
◦Both cell types have vacuoles, however, in animal cells vacuoles are very tiny or absent, while in plant cells vacuoles are generally quite large
Quiz : put check mark in the column where each of these structure are found
Cell structure Plant cell only Animal cell only Both plant and animal
cell
1. Chloroplasts
2. Centrioles
3. Nucleus
4. Cell wall
5. Vacuole
6. Mitochondrion
7. Cell membrane
8. Endoplasmic reticulum
9. Golgi body
10. Ribosomes
Assignment:
What is the next level in the hierarchy of organism after this first level which is the cell?