The Agricultural The Agricultural Revolution and the Revolution and the

Start of the Industrial Start of the Industrial RevolutionRevolution

What’s wrong with this What’s wrong with this field?field?

Disadvantages of the Disadvantages of the old systemold system

Field left fallowPeople have to walk over your strips to reach theirs

No proper drainage

Animals can trample crops and spread disease

Difficult to take advantage of new farming techniques

Because land in different fields takes time to get to each field

No hedges or fences

Agricultural RevolutionAgricultural Revolution Medieval FarmingMedieval Farming

Crop rotationCrop rotation

In medieval times peasant farmers used a 3-field system. Field One: Wheat/Rye Field Two: Barley/Oats Field Three: Empty

an inefficient system that barely produced enough

Peasants relied on gleanings or leftover grain for food

Starting in the 1600’s farmers used the 3rd field to grow new crops (turnips/clover)

Crop RotationCrop Rotation

new crops

Increased food for animals

Nourished the soil

More animals meant more fertilizer

more food

Agricultural Revolution Agricultural Revolution EnclosuresEnclosures Large landowners began

buying up (or just taking) smaller land holdings

broke up large unfenced common areas into smaller fenced-in plots.

Once the land was enclosed the owner could farm any way he liked. Introduced new farming

techniques Drastically increased

production Many peasants were left

without land They headed to the cities to

look for work

Agricultural RevolutionAgricultural Revolution Selective BreedingSelective Breeding

Seed DrillSeed Drill

only allowed the fittest and strongest of their cattle, sheep, pigs and horses to mate.

Led to bigger or stronger animals

Horse drawn device Planted evenly spaced

seeds at a consistent depth then covered them with soil.

Allowed the soil to absorb more air and water

Seed Drill invented by this Jethro Tull

Not this Jethro Tull

Agricultural RevolutionAgricultural Revolution Results Results the better off farmers and

landowners gained the most

People who had no written proof of ownership lost their land altogether.

others couldn’t afford to pay for fences and had to sell their land.

These people either became laborers or headed for the towns and cities.

Revolution leads to Revolution leads to RevolutionRevolution

Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution The Agricultural The Agricultural Revolution led to a huge Revolution led to a huge Population Shift in Population Shift in Europe.Europe.

This shift contributed to This shift contributed to the start of the the start of the Industrial Revolution.Industrial Revolution.

The I.R. took place The I.R. took place during the 1700’s in during the 1700’s in Europe and was a time Europe and was a time of major improvements of major improvements in industry and in industry and manufacturing.manufacturing.

Quick Write 27Quick Write 27The agricultural revolution leads to

two major changes in England: An increasing population People moving from the country to

towns and citiesWhat are some effects these two

changes couldhave on European societies?What effect does an increasing

population have on our world today?