The Seeds of the Industrial Revolution ( Agricultural Revolution, Population Boom, and Technology )
The Agricultural/Industrial Revolution
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Transcript of The Agricultural/Industrial Revolution
The Agricultural/IndustrialRevolution
Causes:1. Expanding Atlantic economy and British Empire
2. Natural conditions favorable
•Coal
•Iron
•Waterways
3. Agricultural Revolution, 1700-1800
•Jethro Tull, 1674-1741
• First Modern Farmer
• Invented seed drill
Seed Drill
Agricultural Rev. (contd.)
•Enclosures
•Crop rotation system
•Improvement became the goal
Agricultural Rev. (contd.)•Led to:
•More efficient food production
•Cheaper food
•More disposable income•Less workers needed in rural areas
4. Political conditions•Constitutional Monarchy
•Relative Stability•Economic growth
5. Legal conditions
•No internal tariffs
•Patent law encouraged invention
6. Financial Conditions•Effective central bank (1694)
•well-develop credit markets
•Stock market•Plenty of capital• Money, Materials, Workers, ect.
7. Proto-industry•Putting-out system or cottage industry
•Division of labor
8. Major technological advances
•Cotton is king!
• 1760s - James Hargreaves invented Spinning Jenny•1760s - Richard Arkwright invented Water Frame
•1779 - Samuel Crompton invented the Spinning Mule
8. Major technological advances (contd.)
•1770s: Arkwright also developed the Factory System:
•One roof
•Central source of power
•Division of Labor
8. Major technological advances (contd.)
•Steam Power:
•1698: Thomas Savery invented a steam engine
1712: Thomas Newcomen invented a steam engine
8. Major technological advances (contd.)
•Steam Power:•1765: James Watt greatly improved Newcomen engine
•1820s: Railroads: George Stephenson’s Rocket
Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution
What? Major change in the economy caused by
the shift to industry with labor-saving machines.
When? Really got going in Europe in the mid to
late 1700’s. Really got going in America after the
Civil War.(1860’s +)
WHY?Eight Reasons
Rail RoadsReally took off after
the Civil War in U.S.
Ex. In 1840 US had 3,000 miles of track and by 1860 30,000
Started many business practices that made the Industrial Revolution possible
Rail Roads
WHY?Eight Reasons
Rail Roads
New Lands
New Lands
Nations built Rail Roads in colonies to extract resources.
Federal Govt. gives western land free to Rail Raods to encourage business and Settlement.
Rail Roads took farmers out to their land, carried their crops to market , and brought them manufactured goods.
WHY?Eight Reasons
Rail Roads
New Lands
Immigration
ImmigrationRail Road companies adverstise in Europe to attract immigrants to lands
Most immigrants settle in cities, joining the urban industrial workforce
WHY?Eight Reasons
Rail Roads
New Lands
Immigration
Urbanization
UrbanizationRail Roads made cities possible providing them with the food they needed, raw materials, and new markets
For the 1st time, more people have non-farming than farming jobs
Thinking Slide
Which cause do think is most important so far?
Explain
WHY?Eight Reasons
Rail Roads
New Lands
Immigration
Urbanization
Innovations
InnovationsSteel rails – safer and cheaper
More examples: Cash registertypewriterRefrigerator carTelephoneLight bulbPhonograph
WHY?Eight Reasons
Rail Roads
New Lands
Immigration
Urbanization
Innovations
New Business Practices
New Business Practices“Pool” – agreement to divide the business in a given area and share the profits
Where there is $ there is corruption and Railroads introduced much of both
WHY?Eight Reasons
Rail Roads
New Lands
Immigration
Urbanization
Innovations
New Business Practices
Social Darwinism
Social Darwinism“Survival of the Fittest”
The rich have more money because they have better businesses
WHY?Eight Reasons
Rail Roads
New Lands
Immigration
Urbanization
Innovations
New Business Practices
Social Darwinism
Govt. Laissez-
Faire
Govt. Laissez-FaireLaissez-Faire “Hands Off”
Government did not interfere with the economy and businesses
Thinking Slide:
Do you think we could use more “Laissez Faire” economic policies today?
Explain