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,ay; - 3

tFg;G - 7

ghlk; : jkpo;

1. rq;ffhyg; ngz;ghw;Gytu;fspd; ngau;fis mwpe;J vOJf? rq;ffhyg;Gytu;fspd; ngau;fs; :

Xsitahu;

ntz;zpf;Faj;jpahu;

nts;sptPjpahu;

fhf;ifg; ghbdpahu;

er;nrs;isahu;

Xf;$u; khrhj;jpahu;

ntwpghba fhkf;fz;zpahu;

eg;griyahu;

ms;s{u; ed;Ky;iyahu;

fr;rpg;Ngl;L ed;dhifahu;

Fwkfs; ,sntapdpahu;

ghupkfspu;

ngUq;Nfhg;ngz;L.

2. gz;ilf;fhyg; Nghu;f;fUtpfs; rpytw;iwg; glk; tiue;J mtw;wpd; ngau;fis vOJf.?

tpy;

mk;G

ths;

Nty; tsup

rpW tpdhf;fs;

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3. ghQ;rhyf;Fwpr;rpapy; tPLfs; vt;thW ,Uf;Fk;.?

ghQ;rhyf;Fwpr;rpapy; cs;s tPLfs;

gspq;Ffshy; Md Nkilfs;

khbfs; nfhz;l ngupa tPLfs;

g{l;lg;gLk; fjTfs; moFk; cWjpAk; nfhz;lit.

nry;t tskpFe;j tPLfs; gy ,Ue;jd. 3. ghQ;rhyf;Fwpr;rpapd; tPuj;Jf;Fr; rhd;whFk; epfo;Tfs; gw;wp vOJf. tPuk; kpFe;j ghQ;rhyf;Fwpr;rpapy; thOk;

Kay;> jd;id Ntl;ilahl tUk; jd;dpDk; typik kpFe;j

ehiaAk; vjpu;j;J epd;W Nghuhb tpul;btpLk;.

rhe;jkhd gRTk;> nfhy;Yk; ,ay;gpdjhfpa GypAk; xNu

ePu;j;Jiwapy; epd;W ghy; Nghd;w jz;zPiuf; Fbf;Fk;.

fl;lnghk;kd; ngaiur; nrhy;yp xu; ,lj;jpy; fwe;j ghypid itj;jhy; fhfq;$l mijg; gUf KidahJ.

,itahTk; ghQ;rhyf;Fwpr;rpapd; tPuj;Jf;Fr; rhd;whFk; epfo;Tfs; MFk;.

4. Nejh[pAld; Kj;Juhkypq;fj;Njtu; nfhz;l njhlu;G gw;wp vOJf.

tq;fr;rpq;fk; vd;W Nghw;wg;gl;l Nejh[p Rgh\; re;jpuNghRld;

Kj;Juhkypq;fj;Njtu; neUq;fpa njhlu;G nfhz;bUe;jhu;. mtiuj; jk;

murpay; FUthf Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhu;.

Kj;Juhkypq;fj;Njtupd; miog;ig Vw;Wf; fp.gp.1939 Mk; Mz;L

nrg;lk;gu;j; jpq;fs; Mwhk; ehs; Nejh[p kJiuf;F tUif je;jhu;.

Nejh[p njhlq;fpa ,e;jpa Njrpa ,uhZtj;jpy; Kj;Juhkypq;fj;

Njtupd; Kaw;rpahy; Vuhskhd jkpou;fs; ,ize;jdu;.

5. njhopyhsu; eyDf;fhf Kj;Juhkypq;fj;Njtu; nra;j njhz;Lfs; ahit?

1938 Mk; Mz;L fhyfl;lj;jpy; kJiuapy; 23 njhopyhsu;

rq;fq;fspd; jiytuha; Kj;Juhkypq;fj;Njtu; jpfo;e;jhu;.

kJiuapypUe;j E}w;G Miy xd;wpy; Ntiy nra;j

njhopyhsu;fspd; cupikf;fhf Njhou; g.[Pthde;jk; Nghuhbdhu;.

Kj;Juhkypq;fj;Njtu; mtUld; ,ize;J 1938Mk; Mz;L

Nghuhl;lk; elj;jpdhu;. mjw;fhf VO jpq;fs; rpiwj;jz;lid

ngw;whu;.

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cotu;fspd; eyd; fhf;f ,uh[ghisaj;jpy; kpfg;ngupa mstpyhd

khehL xd;iw elj;jpdhu;.

ngz; njhopyhsu;fSf;F kfg;NgW fhyj;jpy; Cjpaj;Jld; $ba tpLg;G Ntz;Lk; vd;W Nghuhbdhu;.

6. gpd;tUk; njhlu;fis vOtha;> gadpiy> nra;ag;gL nghUs; vdg; gpupf;f.

tPuu;fs; ehl;ilf; fhj;jdu;.

nghJkf;fs; me;epaj;Jzpfisj; jPapypl;L vupj;jdu;.

nfhw;ifj;JiwKfj;jpNy ghz;baDila kPd;nfhb gwe;jJ.

jpUf;Fwis vOjpatu; ahu;?

fgpyu; FwpQ;rpg;ghl;il vOjpa Gytu;

vOtha;> gadpiy> nrag;gLnghUs; Mfpa %d;Wk; mikAk;gb Ie;J

njhlu;fis vOJf.

1. ahopdp khk;gok; jpd;whs;.

2. thzp ,yf;fzk; gbj;jhs;

3. rz;Kfk; glk; tiue;jhd;.

4. khzhf;fu; gupRfisg; ngw;wdu;.

5. fk;gu; ,uhkhazk; ,aw;wpdhu;.

vOtha; gadpiy nrag;gLnghUs;

tPuu;fs; fhj;jdu; ehl;il

nghJkf;fs; jPapl;L vupj;jdu; me;epaj;Jzpfis

nfhw;ifj; JiwKfj;jpNy gwe;jJ ghz;baDla kPdf;nfhb

jpUf;Fwis ahu; vOjpatu;

fgpyu; vOjpa Gytu; Fwp;Q;rpg;ghl;il

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nkhopNahL tpisahL

I. ,ilr;nrhy; ‘F’ Nru;j;Jj; njhliu vOJf.

(v.fh)tPL nrd;whd; - tPL + F + nrd;whd; – tPl;Lf;Fr;nrd;whd;.

1. khL Gy; nfhLj;jhu; - khL + F + Gy; + nfhLj;jhu; – khl;Lf;Fg; Gy; nfhLj;jhu;.

2. ghl;L nghUs; vOJ. - ghL + F + nghUs;; + vOJ – ghl;Lf;Fg; nghUs; vOJ.

3. nrb gha;e;j ePu; - nrb + F + gha;e;j + ePu; – nrbf;Fg; gha;e;j ePu;

4. Ky;iy Nju; je;jhd; ghup - Ky;iy + F + Nju; + je;jhd; + ghup – Ky;iyf;F Nju; je;jhd; ghup

5. Rtu; rhe;J g+rpdhs; - Rtu; + F + rhe;J + g+rpdhs; – Rtu;f;Fr; rhe;J g+rpdhs;.

II. ,Unrhw;fis ,izj;Jg; Gjpa nrhw;fis cUthf;Ff.

fz;

moF

cz;L

fz;zoF fz;Zz;L

kz;

tpz;

gz;

tpil : kz;zoF – kz;Zz;L

tpz;zoF – tpz;Zz;L

gz;zoF – gz;Zz;L

mfk; vd KbAk; nrhw;fis vOJf.

(v-L) : E}yfk;

1. mYtyfk; 2. fhg;gfk; 3. gapyfk; 4. gbg;gfk;

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fbjk; vOJf .

Kd;Diu : ,utpy; vz;zw;w el;rj;jpuq;fNshL KO epyTk; thdpy; cyh

tUfpwJ. ,tw;Ws; vij ehk; ehLNthk;? fz; rpkpl;Lk; fzf;fw;w

el;rj;jpuq;fis tpLj;Jj; jz;nzhspia tPRk; ntz;zpyitj;jhd; ehLNthk;.

mJ Nghy murpay; thdpy; je;epfuw;w jiytuha; tpsq;fpLk; kpfr; rpyUs;

xUtu; fhkuhru;.

,d;dy; epiwe;j ,sik tho;T : fhkuhru; tpUJefupy;> 1903 Mk; Mz;L

[Piyj; jpq;fs; 15Mk; ehs; ,k;kz;Zyfpy; Njhd;wpdhu;. mtiug;

ngw;nwLf;Fk; ngUk;NgW ngw;wtu; Fkhurhkp - rptfhkp ,izau; Mtu;. jk;

Mwhk; tajpy; jk; je;ijia ,oe;J> jha;khkd; Mjutpy; tho;e;J te;jhu;.

fhq;fpu]; jiytuhdhu; : jk; ,sikf;fhyj;jpy; fhkuhru; ehs;NjhWk;

nra;jpj;jhs;fisg; gbj;Jk;> murpay; mwpit tsu;j;Jf;nfhz;lhu;. irkd; FO

vjpu;g;G> cg;Gr; rj;jpahf;fpufk;;; ;;;;; ; nts;isaNd ntspNaW Mfpa Nghuhl;lq;fspy;

gq;F nfhz;L rpiw nrd;whu;. mLj;Jg; gbg;gbaha; Kd;Ndwp; fhq;fpuR fl;rpj;

jiytuhdhu;.

Kjyikr;ruha; ,Ue;jNghJ fhkuhru;> jkpofk; jiyepkpu;e;J epw;fg;

gy;JiwapYk;; gy;NtW jpl;lq;fisf; nfhz;L te;jhu;.

njhopy;fs; gy Njhd;wpd : rhiyfs; mikf;fg;gl;ld. khtl;le;NjhWk;

njhopw;Ngl;il mikf;fg;gl;lJ. nea;Ntyp epyf;fupj; njhopw;rhiy> nguk;g+u;

njhlu;tz;bg; ngl;bj; njhopw;rhiy Kjyhd njhopw;rhiyfs; Njhd;wpd.

gy;NtW mizfs; fl;lg;gl;ld. Ntshz;ikiag; ngUf;Fk; gy jpl;lq;fSk;

nfhz;L tug;gl;ld.

fy;tpf;fz; mspj;jhu; : fhkuhru; fhyj;jpy; fy;tp fl;lhakhf;fg;gl;lJ.

njUNjhWk; gs;spfSk;> Cu;NjhWk; cau;epiyg;gs;spfSk; Njhd;wpd. ,ytr

kjpa czTj;jpl;lk; ,tu; fhyj;jpy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

KbTiu : ,t;thW fu;ktPuuha;> je;eykw;w jiytuha;> fy;tpf;fz; jpwe;j

Kjy;tuha;> Viog;gq;fhsuha;> ,k;kpasT nrhj;J $l Nru;f;fhj fsq;fkw;w

tPuuha; tho;e;j fhkuhriu vtu; jhk; kwg;gu;.

ehd; tpUk;Gk; jiytu;