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Telecommunications & Health Science · WHO EMF PROJECT SEOUL OCT 2001 SHEILA JOHNSTON...
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WHO EMF PROJECT SEOUL OCT 2001 SHEILA JOHNSTON [email protected] Telecommunications & Health Science Dr. Sheila Johnston Neuroscience Consultant, London [email protected]
Transcript of Telecommunications & Health Science · WHO EMF PROJECT SEOUL OCT 2001 SHEILA JOHNSTON...
WHO EMF PROJECT SEOUL OCT 2001
SHEILA [email protected]
Telecommunications & Health Science
Dr. Sheila JohnstonNeuroscience Consultant, London
WHO EMF PROJECT SEOUL OCT 2001
SHEILA [email protected]
A. Industry Health SpokespersonMichaela Reeh 1997-2000
B. Industry Association FMKC. Independent Science Consultant
SAJ 1996– (ICO’96-99)ABC= Sciencefaqs, August 2000
WHO EMF PROJECT SEOUL OCT 2001
SHEILA [email protected]
eight divisions of information• Members Dialogue: BB, Hot issue, Forum, SQ&A• Abstracts:Q&A WHO criteria, weight of evidence,• Bioeffects: Keydoc, Keyspeech, 6 generic class:human• Position Statements, • Standards, Key doc, by country, added files• Weblinks: govt, operators, science, expert reports• WHO EMF Project studies data base: user friendly• Worldwide Funding Agencies.
WHO EMF PROJECT SEOUL OCT 2001
SHEILA [email protected]
The RF Bioeffects being Researched
RF Bioeffects• Cancer-epidemiology• Cancer-in vivo in
vitro• Genotoxicity• Nervous system• Thermal • Anecdotal• Interference
Scientific Reviews• Elwood, J. M. ‘99.• Harrison ‘97• Brusick, D. ‘98. • Hermann D. M.. ‘97.• NRPB 4: 5 ‘93. (‘99) • Bergquist et al, ‘97.• Medical Devices
Agency, ’97, UK
WHO EMF PROJECT SEOUL OCT 2001
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Sciencefaqs updateHOT ISSUES UPDATE• 16/Oct/2001 Germany: SSK Limits and precaution-measures --• 24/Sep/2001 Summary, Mobile Phones is there a Health Risk? IBC --
20/Sep/2001 The Daily Telegraph, England, 19/09/01 Page18 : Science: “Is Cancer a call away?” --
BULLETIN BOARD UPDATE• 19/Oct/2001 The 3G GHz Signal: A Review of Relevant Cognitive
Research Source: Sheila Johnston Ph.D. Details next slide• 16/Oct/2001 Grenzwerte und Vorsorgemaßnahmen zum Schutz der
Bevö lkerung vor elektromagnetischen Feldern --• 30/Sep/2001 SAR Initiatives in the USA. IBC Conf: London 09/01 J.
Basile VP Ext & Ind. Rel. CTIA –• 14/Sep/2001 Update on WHO EMF Project 1996- 2006. Dr Mike
Repacholi Helsinki --
WHO EMF PROJECT SEOUL OCT 2001
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The 3G GHz Signal: A Review of Relevant Cognitive Research
• Review of effects on cognition from exposure to MW radiation. • The special focus is the 3 GSM signal around 2 GHz• Molecular mechanisms of memory storage are highly conserved.• Complex memory depends on simplest molecular mechanisms. • Spatial memory processes in animals extrapolated to humans.• Presently, no reliable scientific evidence that microwave signals of
guideline limits, including 2 GHz, signals could interfere with cognition.
• Research on microwave exposure effects on memory processes draws on molecular memory processes & related signalling & genetic factors from previous invertebrate & vertebrate research:
• Including cognition, neurotransmitters, receptors, genes & glia & nitric oxide, a possible retrograde messenger for Hebbian associative firing .
WHO EMF PROJECT SEOUL OCT 2001
SHEILA [email protected]
Consolidation of LT memory is involves 3 processes:
• 1. gene expression, • 2. new protein synthesis and • 3. growth or pruning of synaptic
connections.
WHO EMF PROJECT SEOUL OCT 2001
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cAMP-PKA-CREB pathway in STM & LTM storage.
4 mutations can cause a defect in the cAMP cascade: • 1.Inducible control over gene expression • 2. Block the action of PKA needed to learn even STM• 3. Over expression of repressor CREB-2 prevents the cAMP
activated genes, & selectively blocks LTM with out interfering with STM.
• 4. Over expression of CREB results in LTM even with a training procedure that usually only produces only STM.
WHO EMF PROJECT SEOUL OCT 2001
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Mossy fiber terminals in CA3 release glutamate. • CA3, NMDA receptors minor role in synaptic plasticity. • LTP depends on Ca2+ influx into the presynaptic cell
(granule cell terminal) after the tetanus.• LTP in the mossy fiber pathway is non associative. • LTP does not require simultaneous firing in both the
postsynaptic CA3 cell & presynaptic dentate cell to adequately depolarise the CA3 postsynaptic cell, a feature called non associativity.
The Mossy Fiber Terminals: Long-Term Potentiation(CA3)
WHO EMF PROJECT SEOUL OCT 2001
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Schaffer Collateral & Perforant Pathways: Long-Term Potentiation (CA1)
LTP in CA1 cells has characteristics distinct from CA3Glutamate must bind to the postsynaptic NMDA receptor & the
membrane potential of the postsynaptic cell must be sufficientlydepolarised by cooperative firing of several afferent axons to expel Mg2+ from the mouth of the channel.
The Schaffer NMDA collateral pathway requires simultaneous firingin both postsynaptic CA1 & presynaptic CA3 cells to adequately depolarise the postsynaptic CA1 cell, a feature called associativity.
To initiate Ca2+ influx into the postsynaptic cell a strong presynaptic input sufficient to fire the postsynaptic cell is required.
Recent pharmacological and genetic experiments have identified nitric oxide (NO) a gas that diffuses from cell to cell as one of the possible retrograde messengers involved in LTP.
WHO EMF PROJECT SEOUL OCT 2001
SHEILA [email protected]
Conclusion• EEG studies are inconclusive & difficult to interpret. • Recent human cognitive studies have not followed the
WHO criteria for good research.• Animal spatial memory researchers (UK, Brooks, Japan
& France) found no effect of RF exposure on spatial memory at or below guideline limits.
• Recent recordings in hippocampal studies suggest no effects of RF on long-term potentiation, and thus explicit memory.
• Further research of RF on cognition will focus on the molecular mechanism of memory.
