TavSesafris maZiebelTa bolodroindeli gadineba

saqarTvelodan poloneTSi

jeni tomseni

umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centris

moxseneba # 22

dekemberi 2009

umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centri (ECMI) aris arapolitikuri organizacia, romelic daarsda

1996 wels daniis samefos, germaniis federaluri

respublikisa da germaniis Stat Slezvig-

golSteinis mTavrobebis mier. centri Camoyalibda

flensburgSi dania-germaniis sasazRvro zonis

SuagulSi, raTa mieRo STamagonebeli magaliTi

umciresobebsa da umravlesobebs Soris mSvidobiani

Tanacxovrebisa, romelic iq iyo miRweuli.

umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centris mizania,

xeli Seuwyos umciresobebTan da umravlesobebTan

dakavSirebul sakiTxebze disciplinaTaSorisi

kvlevebis Catarebas evropul WrilSi da aseve

wvlili Seitanos sxvadasxva erovnebas Soris

urTierTobebis gaumjobesebaSi dasavleT da

aRmosavleT evropis im nawilebSi, sadac Warbobs

eTnopolitikuri daZabuloba da konfliqtebi. umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centris

moxsenebebi iwereba centris TanamSromlebis an

centris mier daqiravebuli gareSe avtorebis mier.

vinaidan umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centri

ar avrcelebs sakuTar Sexedulebebs, mis nebismier

publikaciaSi gamoxatuli azrebi warmoadgens

mxolod Sesabamisi avtoris pasuxismgeblobas.

umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centris

moxseneba #22 umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centri (ECMI)

direqtori: doqt. tove malou © ECMI 2009

umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centri (ECMI)

Sifbruekes q. 12 (Kompagnietor) D-24939 flensburgi tel: +49-(0)461-14 14 9-0 faqsi +49-(0)461-14 14 9-19

el.fosta: info@ecmi.de veb-gverdi: http://www.ecmi.de

2

Sesavali

ukanaskneli Tveebis manZilze poloneTi gaxda saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa

gansakuTrebulad didi ricxvis mier TavSesafris moTxovnis mowme. 2009 wlis

aprilidan noembramde saqarTvelos TiTqmis 4,000-ma moqalaqem gadakveTa

poloneTis sazRvari TavSesafris moTxovnis mizniT.1 es cifri gasaocaria wina

wlebTan SedarebiT, rodesac mxolod 400 ganacxadi iyo miRebuli mTels

periodSi 2000 wlidan 2008 wlamde.2 amasTanave, bolo periodSi adgili

hqonda saqarTvelodan evrokavSiris sxva qveynebSi TavSesafris maZiebelTa

ricxvis gazrdas, maT Soris 2,000 ganacxadi iyo Setanili germaniaSi, xolo

2,000 baltiispireTis qveynebSi, saberZneTSi, SveicariaSi, italiasa da

avstriaSi erTad aRebuli. am adamianTa garkveuli nawili Tavdapirvelad

Cavida poloneTSi, xolo mogvianebiT gauCinarda TavSesafris banakebidan,

rodesac maTi ganacxadebi TavSesafarze jer kidev ganxilvis procesSi iyo.

imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom saqarTvelos mTliani mosaxleoba daaxloebiT

oTxnaxevar milion adamians Seadgens, es cifri Zalzed maRalia. poloneTSi

qarTvel TavSesafris maZiebelTa raodenobam amJamad gadaaWarba kidec

CeCneTidan TavSesafris maZiebelTa raodenobas.

aprilsa da noembers Soris TavSesafarze ganacxadis Semtani daaxloebiT

4,000 saqarTvelos moqalaqidan TiTqmis 60% iyo 18-dan 34 wlamde asakis

piri. 13 wlamde bavSvebi Seadgendnen TavSesafris maZiebelTa daaxloebiT

mexuTeds da TiTqmis imave raodenobas Seadgendnen 35-dan 64 wlamde

adamianebi. mamrobiTi sqesi warmoadgenda TiTqmis or mesameds; gansakuTrebiT

mravlad iyvnen warmodgenilni (40%) 18-dan 34 wlamde axalgazrda mamakacebi.

saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa nakadma poloneTSi piks ivlissa da agvistoSi

miaRwia, rodesac saqarTvelodan TavSesafris mTxovnelTa ricxvma Seadgina

1 ix. danarTi. 2 UNHCR-is yovelwliuri statistikuri cnobarebi, ix.: www.unhcr.org/pages/4a02afce6.html

3

1,038 da 1,371 Sesabamisad.3 seqtemberSi maTi raodenoba Semcirda 317-mde,

oqtomberSi 205-mde, xolo noemberSi 143-mde. arsebuli monacemebiT,

saqarTvelodan TavSesafris maZiebelTa umravlesoba (TiTqmis 90%) aris

iezidi-qurTi, romlebic zogadad naklebad ganaTlebulebi da zogjer

gaunaTleblebic arian. arsebuli monacemebiT, danarCens Seadgenen eTnikuri

qarTvelebi, somxebi da azerbaijanelebi.

winamdebare naSromis mizania TavSesafris maZiebelTa bolodroindeli nakadis

Sesaxeb istoriuli cnobebis garkveulwilad siRrmiseuli gacnoba. am kvlevis

farglebSi gamokiTxva Cautarda ramdenime pirs saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi

ZiriTadad iezidi-qurTi umciresobidan. Tbilisis iezidi-qurTi mosaxleobis

ramdenime warmomadgenelma gagviziara maT xelT arsebuli informacia qveyanaSi

umciresobaTa mdgomareobis da bolodroindeli migraciis SesaZlo motivaciis

Sesaxeb. damatebiTi interviuebi gaimarTa im pirebTan, romlebic ukanasknel

periodSi deportirebulni iyvnen poloneTidan ukan saqarTveloSi.4

interviuebis Sedegad mopovebuli iqna informacia iezidi-qurTi mosaxleobis

problemebTan dakavSirebiT, ramac saSualeba mogvca, ufro zusti warmodgena

Segveqmna umciresobaTa mdgomareobis Sesaxeb da aseve ufro detalurad

gavcnobodiT TavSesafris maZiebelTa marSruts evrokavSiris qveynebisken da

maTi iq yofnis pirobebs.

saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi iezidi-qurTi mosaxleoba

iezidi-qurTebi Seadgenen saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi qurTi mosaxleobis udides

umravlesobas. sityva `iezidi” aRniSnavs iezidur religias, xolo `qurTi”

3 ix. danarTi. 4 Mmadlobas vuxdi bobi afxazavas, Sorena kobaiZes, denola CxartiSvils da ekaterine

dolaberiZes saqarTvelos ofisidan maTi mxardaWerisaTvis interviuebis Catarebasa da informaciis SegrovebaSi am angariSisaTvis, aseve Sorena Serers am naSromis teqnikuri

redaqtirebisa da koreqtirebisTvis.

4

eTnikuri umciresobisadmi kuTvnilebas. adamianTa umravlesobisTvis sityvebi

`iezidi~ da `qurTi~ ganuyofelia da dRes saqarTveloSi sazogadod

gamoiyeneba termini `iezidi-qurTi~. iezidizmi aris iezidi-qurTi mosaxleobis

fundamenturi elementi, romelzec Zlier zegavlenas axdens da romelSic

gaerTianebulia elementebi sxvadasxva religiidan, rogoric aris islami,

qristianoba, iudaizmi da zoroastrizmi (mazdaizmi). iezidizmis debulebaTa

sistema sityvierad gadaecema da damokidebulia organizebul socialur

sistemaze. iezidur sazogadoebas aregulirebs araierarqiuli kasturi

sistema, romelic iyofa sam kastad da uamrav qvekastad, sadac TiToeul

qvekastas aqvs Tavisi roli sazogadoebaSi. akrZalulia qorwineba eTnikuri

jgufis da aseve qvekastis gareT, amitom SeuZlebelia, adamiani gaxdes iezidi-

qurTi, Tu aseTad ar dabadebula. ufro metic, tradiciis mixedviT piri,

romelic uaryofs mrwamss, aRar iTvleba eTnikuri sazogadoebis wevrad.

saqarTveloSi da sxva qveynebSi mcxovrebi iezidi-qurTebi tradiciulad

saubroben qurmanjis enaze, romelic aris qurTuli enis Crdilouri

dialeqti. magram asimilaciuri procesebis wyalobiT, rac gansakuTrebul

zegavlenas axdens qurTuli enis gamoyenebaze, dResdReobiT saqarTveloSi

mcxovrebi mosaxleobis mxolod daaxloebiT 30% laparakobs qurmanjulad da

metadre axalgazrda TaobaSi es ena aRar gamoiyeneba. vinaidan axalgazrda

iezidi-qurTebi dadian rusul da qarTul skolebSi, komunikacia saxlSic ki

umTavresad am enebze xdeba. iezidi-qurTebi ZiriTadad cxovroben TbilisSi,

magram aseve sxva did qalaqebsa da dasaxlebebSi. garkveuli nawili

dasaxlebulia gardabnisa da mcxeTis raionis soflebSi.

5

migraciis procesebi sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg

aucilebelia, mokled ganvixiloT iezidi-qurTi umciresobis migraciis

sakiTxi, raTa gavigoT an jgufis amJamindeli mdgomareoba saqarTveloSi.5

gasuli ormocdaaTi wlis manZilze iezidi-qurTi mosaxleoba mniSvnelovnad

gaizarda da maTma ricxvma 1989 wels 33,000-s miaRwia. mTeli sabWoTa

periodis manZilze iezidi-qurTi mosaxleobis kulturuli ganviTareba

mwvervalze iyo. xelisufleba umciresobisTvis gamoyofda finansur daxmarebas

qurTul enaze radiogadacemebis mauwyeblobis, qurTuli enis fakultetebis

gaxsnis, sacekvao ansamblebis Seqmnisa da msoflioSi erTaderTi qurTuli

Teatris daarsebisTvis. 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisSi ganviTarebulma

samoqalqo omebma ekonomikur vardnasTan erTad mZime mdgomareobaSi Caagdo

saqarTvelos yvela moqalaqe da safuZveli daudo adamianTa didi raodenobis,

maT Soris iezidi-qurTebis, qarTvelebis da sxva eTnikur umciresobaTa

warmomadgenlebis, emigracias. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlam aseve gamoiwvia

umciresobis jgufis pirobebis mkveTri gauareseba. politikuri mRelvarebisa

da ekonomikuri krizisis Sedegad saxelmwifos mier adre gamoyofili

dafinanseba Sewyda, ramac gamoiwvia TiTqmis sruli kolafsi zogierTi im

institutisa, romelic xels uwyobda umciresobaTa memkvidreobis SenarCunebas.

rogorc kvalificiuri, ise arakvalificiuri muSaxelisTvis ekonomikuri

SesaZleblobebis naklebobis gamo am periodSi aRiniSna masobrivi migracia

ruseTSi, ukrainasa da dasavleTis qveynebSi, sadac mravalricxovani qurTuli

mosaxleobaa, maT Soris germaniaSi, gaerTianebul samefoSi, holandiasa da

kanadaSi. seriozuli iyo mosaxleobis danakargi, 33,331 iezidi-qurTidan 1989

wels 20,843 (18,329 Tavis Tavs uwodebs iezids, xolo 2,514 qurTs) 2002

5 saqarTvelodan iezidi-qurTi umciresobis migraciis procesebis detaluri aRwerilobisTvis

ix. devid szakoni, `eTnikuri mobilizacia post-sabWoTa saqarTveloSi: iezidi-qurTebis magaliTi” 6 JEMIE (2007), masala xelmisawvdomia: http://www.ecmi.de/jemie/download/2-2007-Szakonyi.pdf (8 agvisto, 2009w.).

6

wels, rac 37%-iT Semcirebas gulisxmobs.6 Tumca emigracia xelmisawvdomi

iyo umciresobis mxolod ufro SeZlebuli warmomadgenlebisTvis da

gamoCenili da mdidari figurebis am danakargma es xalxi TavianTi interesebis

finansuri uzrunvelyofis SesaZleblobebis gareSe datova, gansakuTrebiT mas

Semdeg, rac moixsna saxelmwifo dafinanseba. samSoblos ararsebobis gamo

isini aRmoCndnen mdgomareobaSi, rodesac veravis mimarTavdnen organizaciuli

da kulturul-saganmanaTleblo saqmianobisTvis saWiro finansuri

xmarebisTvis.

da axlo aRmosavleTis farglebs gareT yvelaze mravalricxovan iezidur

da

am droidan mimdinareobs emigraciis procesi da, Temis liderTa SefasebiT,

saqarTveloSi 2008 wlis bolosaTvis mxolod daaxloebiT 12,000 iezidi-

qurTi cxovrobda, maSin, rodesac es ricxvi dRes gacilebiT mcirea

wlevandeli mniSvnelovani migraciis Sedegad. statistikis Tanaxmad qveyanas

umeteswilad toveben axalgazrda mamakacebi, Tumca emigranti ojaxebis ricxvi

aseve maRalia.7 emigrantTa udidesi umravlesoba aris Tbilisidan da

Telavidan, Tumca aseve arian soflebidanac. ukanasknel periodamde ruseTi

iyo mTavari daniSnulebis qveyana saqarTvelodan mimavali iezidi-qurTebisTvis,

radgan ruseTSi didi iezid-qurTuli diasporaa da bevr iezid-qurTs iq

naTesavebi hyavs. magram 2006 wlis seqtemberSi saqarTvelo-ruseTis sazRvris

daketvis, pirdapiri sahaero kavSiris Sewyvetisa da vizis miRebis

garTulebuli pirobebis Sedegad, gansakuTrebiT ki 2008 wlis agvistoSi

momxdari samxreT oseTis omis Semdeg ruseTSi wasvlis SesaZleblobebi

sagrZnoblad SeizRuda. aman gamoiwvia iezidi-qurTebis kidev ufro didi

raodenobis mcdeloba, dasaxlebuliyo evrokavSiris qveynebSi. germania

gansakuTrebiT mimzidvelia saqarTvelodan wasuli umciresobis wevrebisTvis:

iq daaxloebiT 30,000-40,000 iezidi-qurTi cxovrobs, rac samxreT kavkasiisa

6 devid szakoni, eTnikuri mobilizacia... gv. 7. 7 ix. danarTi.

7

mosaxleobas warmoadgens.8 iezidi-qurTebis Temebi warmodgenilia aseve

holandiaSi, belgiaSi, gaerTianebul samefoSi, saberZneTSi, safrangeTSi,

daniasa da SvedeTSi, Tumca germaniasTan SedarebiT isini gacilebiT

mcirericxovania. bolo wlebSi saqarTvelodan wasuli iezidi-qurTebisTvis

sasurveli daniSnulebis adgili, garda germaniisa, iyo holandia, dania,

saberZneTi, Sveicaria da espaneTi.9 magram wels saqarTvelodan wasuli iezidi-

qurTebis emigrantTa nakadisTvis ZiriTadi daniSnulebis qveynebi iyo

safrangeTi, germania, avstria, Sveicaria da belgia.10

emigraciam ramdenime mniSvnelovani Sedegi iqonia saqarTveloSi myof iezid-

qurTul umciresobaze. am jgufis finansuri safuZvlebis dakninebis garda,

aman aseve gaarTula umciresobisTvis misi tradiciebis SenarCuneba.

sazogadoeba emyareba mxolod kasturi sistemis SigniT arsebul

urTierTobebs, sadac TiToeul kastas Tavisi specifikuri roli aqvs, xolo

mosaxleobis mniSvnelovani danakargis gamo proporciuli Tanafardoba kastebs

Soris ver iqna SenarCunebuli. magaliTisaTvis, es niSnavs imas, rom ufro

cota iyo sulieri lideri, romelsac SeeZlo religiuri tradiciebis

axalgazrda TaobisTvis gadacema. garda amisa, radgan umciresobis wevrebs

ufleba aqvT, iqorwinon mxolod TavianTi qvekastis wevrze, maTTvis Zalian

gaZnelda meuRlis povna Temis SigniT. Temis wevrebs Soris urTierTobis

dabali donisa da organizebuli RonisZiebebis Tu Sexvedrebis saSualebiT

qvekastis wevrebis gacnobis mcire SesaZleblobebis gamo gaizarda Temis gareT

qorwinebebis ricxvi. aman, Tavis mxriv, gamoiwvia kulturis dakargva, vinaidan,

ieziduri tradiciis Tanaxmad, piri, romelic Tavisi qvekastis gareSe pirze

8 vritneti (2008) iezidi umciresobis mdgomareoba samxreT kavkasiaSi (somxeTi, saqarTvelo, azerbaijani) adamianTa uflebebis dacvis TvalsazrisiT , gaero-s adamianT uflebaTa umaRlesi komisariatis dakveTiT, gv. 37. ix. vebgverdze: www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/485fa2342.pdf 9 imave wyarodan, gv. 38. 10 rogorc qvemoT iqneba ganxiluli, poloneTi bevri emigrantis mier gamoiyeneba, rogorc tramplini evrokavSiris sxva qveynebSi mosaxvedrad da ar ganixileba rogorc saboloo

daniSnulebis adgili.

8

iqorwinebs, aRar iTvleba eTnikuri jgufis wevrad da mas ekrZaleba nebismieri

saxis religiur tradiciebSi monawileoba.11

iezid-qurTebs Soris qarTuli enis gamoyenebaze aseve gavlena iqonia 1990-ian

wlebSi ekonomikurma vardnam. manamde iezid-qurTebs qarTuli enis codnis

sakmaod normaluri done hqondaT, radgan am jgufis umravlesoba did

qalaqebSi cxovrobda da, Sesabamisad, xSiri kontaqti hqonda qarTulenovan

mosaxleobasTan. cxovrebis donis gauaresebam sabWoTa kavSiris dSlis Semdeg

Secvala iezidi-qurTebis damokidebuleba qarTuli enisadmi. qveynis

damoukideblobis gamocxadebasTan erTad qarTuli oficialur saxelmwifo

enad gamocxadda, magram aq arsebuli mwiri ekonomikuri SesaZleblobebis gamo

mSoblebma daiwyes TavianTi Svilebis gagzavna ruseTis saswavleblebSi, raTa

moemzadebinaT isini ruseTSi samuSaod. ucxoeTSi momavali cxovrebisTvis

Svilebis momzadebiT mSoblebma xeli Seuwyves axalgazrda Taobebis swrafvas

emigraciisken, riTac SeiZleba aixsnas uwyveti migraciis procesi 1990-iani

wlebis krizisis Semdeg. amas garda, saxelmwifo enis saTanadod codnis

gareSe axalgazrdebs naklebi safuZveli hqondaT saqarTveloSi dasarCenad.12

iezidi-qurTi umciresobis amJamindeli mdgomareoba

iezidi-qurTebis mier saqarTvelos datovebis mTavari mizezi aris qveynis

socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareoba da sazRvargareT ganviTarebis savaraudo

SesaZleblobebi. ekonomikurma krizisma mZime pirobebi Seuqmna sazogadoebis

udides segments, eTnikuri kuTvnilebis miuxedavad, magram yvelaze metad

dazaraldnen socialurad daucveli iseTi jgufebi, rogoric arian iezidi-

qurTebi. zogadad iezidi-qurTebisTvis samuSaos Sovna saqarTveloSi Zalian

Znelia da umuSevrobis maRali done aiZulebs adamianebs, eZebon ukeTesi

11 devid szakoni, eTnikuri mobilizacia... gv.. 8-9. 12 imave wyarodan, gv. 9-10.

9

pirobebi sxvagan. es siZneleebi xandaxan damokidebulia oficialuri enis

arcodnaze, vinaidan qarTuli enis arcodna mniSvnelovnad amcirebs dasaqmebis

Sansebs. magram dasaqmebasTan dakavSirebuli siZneleebi aseve warmoiSveba

farTo sazogadoebaSi arsebuli crurwmenebis Sedegad da, miuxedavad imisa,

rom ar arsebobs imis damadasturebeli faqtebi, rom iezidi-qurTebis mimarT

xorcieldeba diskriminacia, umciresobaTa jgufebisadmi mikuTvnebuli pirebi

xSirad awydebian ufro met sirTules samuSaos Sovnisas, vidre eTnikuri

qarTvelebi. iezidi-qurTebis mimarT arsebuli stereotipebi SesaZloa aseve

xels uSlis umciresobis wevrebs dasaqmebaSi, vinaidan maT icnoben rogorc

dabali statusis mqone samuSaoze momuSaveebs, rac qmnis situacias, rodesac

maTTvis Znelia am sferos gareT samuSaos Sovna. iezidi-qurTi mosaxleobis

gaunaTlebeli nawilisTvis anu am jgufis umravlesobisTvis qveyanaSi

arsebuli ekonomikuri mdgomareoba ukiduresad mZime pirobebs qmnis.

gansakuTrebiT axalgazrdebi grZnoben, rom saqarTveloSi perspeqtiva ar aris

da Zalian mcire SesaZleblobebia, Tu aris saerTod, pirovnuli ganviTarebis

an ekonomikuri damoukideblobisTvis. 2008 wlis omma kidev ufro gaamwvava

mdgomareoba didi raodenobiT iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa gaCeniT,

romlebic axla ibrZvian samuSaos mosapoveblad iseT urbanul centrebSi,

rogoric Tbilisia.

iezidi-qurTi mosaxleobis winaSe damatebiTi problemebi dgas maTi kulturis,

enisa da religiis mimarT mxardaWeris naklebobis TvalsazrisiT. parlamentSi,

mTavrobaSi an adgilobriv doneze ar arian iezidi-qurTebis warmomadgenlebi,

romlebic daicavdnen umciresobis interesebs da socialuri integraciis

naklebobis Sedegi aisaxeba sazogadoebis sxvadasxva sferoSi. umciresobis

CarTulobis done Zalze dabalia da ar arsebobs konkretuli programebi,

romlebic gamiznulia sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi umciresobis CarTvis

xelSewyobisTvis. garda aTwuTiani yovelkvireuli gadacemisa saxelmwifo

radioarxze, romelic inicirebuli iqna 2008 wels, ar aris arc erTi

10

sainformacio wyaro, magaliTad, gazeTi an satelevizio programa, qurmanjul

enaze. ramdenime iezidur-qurTulma organizaciam Seitana gancxadeba grantebis

misaRebad rogorc mTavrobaSi, ise sxvadasxva saelCoSi, enisa da kompiuteris

Semswavleli kursebis daarsebis mizniT, magram amas dadebiTi Sedegi ar

mohyolia. saqarTveloSi dResdReobiT ar arsebobs qurmanjuli enis kursebi

da imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom am enaze iezidi-qurTi mosaxleobis mxolod

daaxloebiT 30% laparakobs, enis dakargva aris erT-erTi safrTxe, romlis

winaSec dgas umciresoba.13 miuxedavad ganmeorebiTi moTxovnebisa sxvadasxva

iezidur-qurTuli organizaciis mxridan, xelisuflebas ar gamouyvia adgili

kulturuli centris gasaxsnelad, sadac SesaZlebeli iqneboda enis kursebis

da aseve religiuri RvTismsaxurebis Catareba.

RvTismsaxurebisaTvis saTanado adgilis uqonloba xels uwyobs saqarTveloSi

iezidizmis etapobriv gauCinarebas.14 saqarTvelos marTlmadideblur eklesias

mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia qarTul sazogadoebaSi da religiis didi

mniSvneloba gamoixateba rogorc sajaro skolebSi religiuri swavlebiT, ise

sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi marTlmadidebeli mRvdlebis maRali CarTulobiT.

dawyebiT da saSualo skolebSi tardeba gakveTilebi mxolod qristianuli

moZRvrebis Sesaxeb, rac iwvevs axalgazrdebSi codnis naklebobas iezidizmis

da sxva sarwmunoebebis Sesaxeb. sulier liderTa iSviaTi stumroba aseve

xels uwyobs religiis Zalis Sesustebas da axalgazrda iezidi-qurTebi sul

ufro metad ixrebian marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebisken, romelsac

miekuTvneba qarTvelTa umravlesoba.15 im pirobebSi, rodesac bevri iezidi-

qurTi iRebs qristianobas, xolo maTi didi raodenoba emigraciaSi midis,

TemisTvis sul ufro Zneli xdeba saqarTveloSi Tavisi arsebobis gagrZeleba.

13 jonaTan viTli (2006) saqarTveloSi erovnul umciresobaTa CarCo konvenciis ganxorcieleba:

teqnikur-ekonomikuri Seswavla, ECMI samuSao furceli #28, flensburgi: ECMI, gv. 60. www.ecmi.de/download/working_paper_28.pdf 14 iezid-qurTuli taZris/kulturuli centris mSeneblobis Sesaxeb detaluri diskusiisaTcis ix, david szakonui, eTnikuri mobilizacia... 15 imave wyarodan,. gv . 14-15.

11

naTelia, rom asimilaciis procesi warmoadgens realur safrTxes umciresobis

TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebisaTvis da iwvevs gulwrfel SiSs Temis SigniT,

rom maTi kultura, religia da ena male gaqrobis zRvarze iqneba

saqarTveloSi.

gza evrokavSirisken

zemoT aRwerili pirobebi ubiZgebs bevr iezid-qurTs saqarTvelos

datovebisaken. dResdReobiT ocneba, rogorc wesi, aris evrokavSiris romelime

qveyanaSi wasvla ukeTesi cxovrebis imediT, rasac adasturebs bolodroindeli

uprecendento nakadi qarTvelebisa, romlebic cdiloben, moaxerxon

poloneTSi, germaniasa da evrokavSiris sxva qveynebSi Sesvla, legalurad Tu

aralegalurad. rogorc Cans, 2009 wlis april-maisis TveebSi saqarTveloSi

gavrcelda xma, rom poloneT-belorusiis sazRvari Riaa saqarTvelos

moqalaqeebisTvis. gamokiTxuli pirebi ganmartaven, rom maT hyavT ojaxebi da

megobrebi, romelTac moiTxoves TavSesafari poloneTSi, rac ganapirobebs maT

survils, wavidnen am qveyanaSi. poloneTSi myofi ojaxebisa da megobrebisgan

wamosuli informaciiT, yvelaze advili gza evrokavSirSi mosaxvedrad aris

qveyanaSi TavSesafris moTxovna. rogorc Cans, saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa

garkveul nawils aseve sjera, rom maT gulTbilad miiReben poloneTSi

poloneTis prezidentis mier 2008 wlis samxreT oseTis omis Semdeg

saqarTveloSi misi ganmeorebiTi vizitebis dros qarTveli xalxisadmi

gamoxatuli solidarobis gamo.

informacia imis Sesaxeb, rom sazRvari Riaa, swrafad gavrcelda, ramac

gamoiwvia erTdroulad didi raodenobiT qarTvelis mier qveynis datoveba.

oficialur gancxadebaSi seqtemberSi poloneTis saelCom uaryo informacia

`poloneTis viTomda Ria sazRvris” Sesaxeb da ganacxada, rom araferi

Secvlila kanonmdeblobaSi sazRvris gadakveTasTan da qveyanaSi kanonierad

12

darCenisTvis ganacxadis Setanis SesaZleblobasTan mimarTebaSi.16 poloneTis

Sinagan saqmeTa saministros ucxoelTa ofisis cnobiT, bolo wlebSi ar

yofila SemTxveva, rom saqarTvelos moqalaqeebs mieRoT TavSesafari.

ganacxadebi TavSesafris moTxovniT ganixileba individualurad, magram

gadawyvetilebis miRebisas didi mniSvneloba eniWeba ucxoelTa ofisis xelT

arsebul informacias warmoSobis qveyanaSi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. poloneTis

amJamindeli praqtikis mixedviT, TavSesafris maZieblebs saqarTvelodan,

Cveulebriv, ar gaaCniaT sakmarisi argumentacia imisaTvis, rom mieniWoT

ltolvilis statusi poloneTSi. oqtomberSi gavrcelda xma, rom sazRvari

Caiketa, Tumca yvela adamians kvlav aqvs ufleba, moiTxovos TavSesafari

poloneTSi. realurad ki aSkara gaxda poloneTSi TavSesafris miRebis

SeuZlebloba da amitom, gamokiTxulTa gancxadebiT, es qveyana aRar

warmoadgens sasurveli daniSnulebis adgils emigrantebisTvis.

kidev erTi Wori, romelic gavrcelda saqarTveloSi aprilis Semdeg, aris is,

rom poloneTSi TavSesafris miReba ufro advilia iezidi-qurTebisTvis, vidre

saqarTvelos sxva moqalaqeebisTvis.17 es Sexeduleba gaxda albaT mizezi

qurTebis masobrivi mcdelobisa, Sesuliyvnen wels poloneTSi. imisaTvis, rom

realurad daemtkicebinaT, rom isini umciresobas miekuTvnebodnen, zogierTma

iezidma-qurTma moiTxova maTi Tavdapirveli qurTuli gvarebis aRdgena,

romlebic tradiciulad warmoiqmna ojaxuri gvaridan an maTi warmoSobis

regionebidan. saqarTveloSi, somxeTsa da azerbaijanSi Semosvlisas 1900-iani

wlebis dasawyisSi xelisuflebam – im dros imperiulma ruseTma – Seucvala

maT gvarebi da amgvarad am qveynebSi dasaxlebul umciresobis wevrebs,

16 ‘The Georgian Times’, poloneTis saelCos oficialuri gancxadeba, 5 seqtemberi, 2009. 17 TavSesafris maZiebeli saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi wina wlebSi da aseve sxva qveynebSi Cveul argumentad iyenebdnen qurTul warmoSobas. iyo SemTxvevebi, rodesac eTnikuri qarTvelebi

Soulobdnen yalb sabuTebs, rom isini qurTuli warmomavlobis arian. migraciis saerTaSoriso organizacia (2001) gaWirveba sazRvargareT Tu SimSili samSobloSi – saqarTvelodan araregularuli migraciis gamokvleva, ix. veb-gverdze: http://iom.ramdisk.net/iom/images/uploads/Georgia_Report%20on%20Trafficking_2001_En_1071070157.pdf

13

rogorc wesi, qarTuli, somxuri, azerbaijanuli an rusuli gvarebi aqvT.

TbilisSi aris ramdenime qurTuli organizacia, romelic cdilobs, daexmaros

iezid-qurTebs maTi namdvili qurTuli gvarebis dabrunebaSi maTTvis qurTuli

warmomavlobis damadasturebeli sabuTis gacemiT. magram adamianis mier

namdvili gvaris dabrunebis procesi sakmaod garTulebulia. maSin, rodesac

saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsiT nebadarTulia saxelis Secvla, qurTuli

gvaris aRdgena TiTqmis SeuZlebelia imis gamo, rom procedurebi

garTulebulia da ar arsebobs iuridiuli sicxade imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu

ras moicavs gvaris dabruneba da rogorc SeiZleba saxeli daubrundes Tavis

originals.18 gamudmebuli uari Temis mier aRiqmeba rogorc xelisuflebis

winaswarganzraxuli mcdeloba, xeli SeuSalos iezid-qurTebs maTi namdvili

gvarebis aRdgenaSi.

im Sexedulebam, rom qurTebs ufro advilad SeuZliaT TavSesafris miReba

poloneTSi, ubiZga sxva jgufebis wevrebs, maT Soris eTnikur qarTvelebs,

somxebsa da azerbaijanelebs, SeetanaT ganacxadi TavSesafarze, romelSic

acxadebdnen, rom qurTebi iyvnen. TavSesafris miRebaze ganacxadebis

ganmxilveli organosaTvis praqtikulad SeuZlebelia imis garkveva, vin aris

emigrantebs Soris qurTi da vin ara. gamomdinare iqidan, rom qurTebis

umravlesoba ar atarebs Tavis namdvil gvars, romelic gamoarCevda maT sxva

jgufebis wevrebisagan, SeuZlebelia, magaliTad, ganasxvavo qurTi da somexi

mxolod maT gvarebze dayrdnobiT. imis gamo, rom saqarTveloSi mcxovreb

qurTebSi enis codnis gansxvavebuli doneebia, lingvisturi faqtorebi aseve

ar gamodgeba TavSesafris maZiebelTa vinaobis dasadgenad.

evropaSi TavSesafris Zieba ZviradRirebuli wamowyebaa, romlis fasebi

icvleba imis mixedviT, Tu ra marSruts irCevs adamiani evrokavSiris

qveynebisken. saqarTvelodan emigrantebs SeuZliaT airCion ramdenime marSruti,

18 Humanrights.ge, qurT-iezidTa diskriminacia saqarTveloSi, 15 oqtomberi, 2004.

14

rom miaRwion sasurveli daniSnulebis wertilamde. imisaTvis, rom Cavidnen

dasavleT evropis qveynebSi, emigrantebi, Cveulebriv, miemgzavrebian

TviTmfrinaviT Tbilisidan iseT qalaqebSi, rogoric aris frankfurti,

amsterdami, vena an parizi da Semdeg avtobusiT an matarebliT midian

saboloo daniSnulebis wertilamde belgiaSi, safrangeTSi, germaniaSi da

sxvagan. ruseTi iyo mTavari satranzito qveyana saqarTvelos moqalaqeebisTvis,

romlebic TviTmfrinaviT mgzavrobdnen moskovamde da agrZelebdnen gzas

dasavleT evropis qveynebisken. magram TviTmfrinaviT Cafrenisas uSualod

evrokavSiris qveynis aeroportSi saWiroa vizis aReba, rac emigrantebisTvis

xSirad Znelad mosaxerxebelia sakuTari ZalebiT. vizis misaRebad saWiroa

rigi dokumentebisa, maT Soris saqarTveloSi dasaqmebis damadasturebeli

cnoba da amonawerebi sabanko angariSebidan. potenciur emigrantebs xSirad ara

aqvT am dokumentebis mopovebis saSualeba da, Sesabamisad, sWirdebaT saTanado

agentebis an ukanonod moqmedi Suamavlebis daxmareba, rac Zalian

ZviradRirebuli variantebia. Suamavlebs SeuZliaT vizis miRebis gaadvilebis

mizniT damatebiTi dokumentebis uzrunvelyofa, rogoric aris mowveva

ucxouri kompaniidan an yalbi samsaxuris cnoba, yvelaferi es Zalian maRal

fasad.

kidev erTi variantia evrokavSiris sazRvris ukanonod gadakveTa, rac,

Cveulebriv, moiTxovs agentebTan dakavSirebas, romlebsac SeuZliaT

uzrunvelyon gadasvla arCeul adgilas. avtobusiT aralegalurad mgzavroba

ukrainis gavliT slovakeTis an ungreTisken gavrcelebuli alternativa iyo

qarTveli emigrantebisTvis. kidev erTi SesaZlo da xSirad gamoyenebuli

marSruti aris TurqeTis gavliT saberZneTSi Casvla sazRvris ukanonod

gadakveTis gziT da Semdeg avtobusiT an TviTmfrinaviT gzis gagrZeleba

evrokavSiris sxva qveynebisken.19 evrokavSirSi Sesvlis am variantebTan

SedarebiT axlad aRmoCenili marSruti poloneTis gavliT ufro iafi da

19 migraciis saerTaSoriso ofisi (2008) migracia saqarTveloSi: qveynis daxasiaTeba 2008, gv. 33. ix. veb-gverdze: http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/free/Georgia_Profile2008.pdf

15

naklebad rTuli alternativaa. faqtobrivad, es iafi varianti met adamians

aZlevs emigrirebis saSualebas.

saqarTvelodan TavSesafris maZieblebis gadasvla poloneTSi, Cveulebriv,

xdeba poloneT-belarusiis sazRvarze tiraspolSi, brestis maxloblad,

arsebuli gamSvebi punqtidan, Tbilisidan minskSi TviTmfrinaviT Cafrenis

Semdeg. 2009 wlis 21 ivlisidan yovelkvireuli frenebis sixSire or qalaqs

Soris gaizarda oTxidan xuT reisamde, rac savaraudod ganapiroba

saqarTvelodan TavSesafris maZiebelTa bevrad gazrdilma raodenobam.20

mogvianebiT `belaviam”, belarusulma aviakompaniam, kidev gazarda reisebis

raodenoba kviraSi eqvsamde. saqarTvelos moqalaqeebisTvis ar aris saWiro

viza belarusiaSi Sesasvlelad, xolo belarusieli mesazRvreebi poloneTis

sazRvarTan ar akontroleben, rom adamianebs, romlebic toveben qveyanas,

hqondeT viza, romelic maT Semdgomi mgzavrobis uflebas aZlevs. emigrantebs

daubrkoleblad SeuZliaT miaRwion poloneTis mxaris sazRvramde, sadac isini

iTxoven TavSesafars ltolvilis statusis miniWebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis

CabarebiT sasazRvro gamSvebi punqtis ufros oficerTan. Sesabamisad,

evrokavSirSi fizikurad Sesasvlelad ar aris saWiro poloneTis viza.

adamians aqvs TavSesafris moTxovnis ufleba sxva qveyanaSi, rodesac mis

samSoblos ar SeuZlia misi dacva devnisagan. 1951 wlis Jenevis konvenciis

Tanaxmad, romelic Seexeba ltolvilTa statuss, adamians SeuZlia moiTxovos

TavSesafari mis mimarT rasis, erovnebis, religiis, socialuri kuTvnilebis an

politikuri Sexedulebis niadagze devnis saSiSroebis saTanadod

dasabuTebuli argumentaciis safuZvelze. iezidi-qurTebi asaxeleben sxvadasxva

mizezs maT mier TavSesafris moTxovnis argumentad, romelTagan mTavari

motivi aris diskriminacia eTnikuri warmomavlobis niadagze. saqarTveloSi

mcxovrebi iezidi-qurTebis zogierTi warmomadgenlis azriT, es mizezebi

20 `belavia”, 29 ivnisi, 2009, http://en.belavia.by/news/news/0244160/.

16

xSirad adekvaturad ar asaxavs realobas, aramed ufro gamogonilia

ltolvilis statusis an minimum qveyanaSi Sesvlis uflebis mopovebis mizniT.

yvela ganacxadi ganixileba, imisda miuxedavad, legalurad moxvda adamiani

qveyanaSi Tu aralegalurad.21 poloneTis Sinagan saqmeTa saministros

ucxoelTa ofisi pasuxismgebelia TavSesafris moTxovnebis ganxilvaze da,

Sesabamisad, gancxadeba egzavneba ucxoelTa ofisis ufross da Semdeg

gadaecema Sesabamis ganyofilebas.22 TavSesafris maZiebelma unda mimarTos

centralur mimRebs podkova lesna-debakSi, varSavis maxloblad, sadac is

gadis samedicino Semowmebas eqimis mier poloneTis 25 ltolvilTa banakidan

erT-erTSi moTavsebamde. SesaZlebelia aseve kerZod dasaxleba, rasac

upiratesobas aniWebs qarTvel emigrantTa umravlesoba.

poloneTSi cxovrebisas TavSesafris maZiebelTa pirobebi xSirad mZimea.

TavSesafris miRebis procesi SeiZleba moicavdes ramdenimeTvian lodins yvela

proceduris dasrulebamde. am periodSi, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, TavSesafris

maZieblebi rCebian an ltolvilTa banakebSi, an kerZo sacxovreblebSi da,

rogorc cnobilia, orive SemTxvevaSi isini cud pirobebSi imyofebian da

ganicdian sakvebis naklebobas. imisda mixedviT, Tu romel banakSi iqna

moTavsebuli ganmcxadebeli da ramxelaa misi ojaxi, is iRebs sxvadasxva

odenobis Semweobas, daaxloebiT 20 zlotis odenobiT (rac daaxloebiT 5

evroa) dReSi da eZleva sacxovrebeli, sakvebi da samedicino momsaxurebis

miRebis ufleba. maT, vinc banakis gareT kerZo seqtorSi cxovrobs, uxdian

800 zlots (daaxloebiT 190 evros) TveSi sacxovreblis, sakvebis da sxva

saWiroebebisTvis. saqarTveloSi zogierT gamokiTxulTa azriT, TavSesafris

21 rogorc qvemoT iqneba ganxiluli, TavSesafris maZieblis gancxadeba, romelsac adre

Setanili hqonda ganacxadi TavSesafarze evrokavSiris amave qveyanaSi, ganixileba mxolod im

SemTxvevaSi, Tu warmoiSva axali faqtebi an garemoebebi. sxva SemTxvevaSi ganacxadi

dauyovnebliv iqneba uaryofili. 22 uaryofiTi gadawyvetilebis SemTxvevaSi TavSesafris maZiebels SesaZlebloba aqvs mimarTos

meore instancias, ltolvilta sabWos. im SemTxvevasi, Tu sabWo ar mianiWebs TavSesafris maZiebels ltolvilis statuss, man unda datovos qveyana. Tu es ar moxdeba nebayoflobiT,

pirovneba deportirebuli iqneba ukan samSobloSi.

17

maZiebelTa saqarTveloSi darCenili ojaxebi zogjer ugzavnian fuls TavianT

naTesavebs poloneTSi, sxva emigrantebi ki aralegalurad muSaoben qveyanaSi

TavSesafris miRebis procesSi. garda amisa, gadaWedil banakebSi didi

raodenobiT arian CeCnebi, romlebic elodebian TavSesafarze gancxadebebis

ganxilvas da, arsebuli informaciiT, zogierTi CeCeni da qarTveli jgufebi

xSirad erTvebian CxubSi, rac iq mcxovrebTaTvis Zalian arasaimedo situacias

qmnis. emigrantTa garkveuli nawili irCevs, ar darCes banakebSi an kerZo

sacxovrebelSi maTi saqmis ganxilvis dasrulebamde, aramed agrZelebs

aralegalurad migracias dasavleTiT evrokavSiris qveynebisken.

TavSesafris miRebis procesSi TavSesafris maZieblebi valdebulni arian,

darCnen poloneTSi da ara aqvT ufleba, gadakveTon Sengenis zonis wevri sxva

saxelmwifoebis sazRvrebi. ganmcxadebeli ver gansazRvravs, Tu romeli qveyana

ganixilavs mis gancxadebas TavSesafarze. dublinis dadgenileba23 aris

SeTanxmeba evrokavSiris wevr qveynebs Soris, romelic gansazRvravs qveyanas,

romelic pasuxismgebelia TavSesafris miniWebis Sesaxeb ganacxadebis

ganxilvaze. misi mizania, rac SeiZleba swrafad gansazRvros pasuxismgebeli

wevri-saxelmwifo24 da uzrunvelyos TavSesafris maZieblis gadayvana am

saxelmwifoSi, romelic amis Semdeg daasrulebs TavSesafarze ganacxadis

Seswavlas. dublinis dadgenilebis Tanaxmad wevri saxelwifo, romelsac

TavSesafris maZiebelma Tavdapirvelad mimarTa TavSesafris TxovniT,

Cveulebriv, kisrulobs pasuxismgeblobas am pirze im gagebiT, rom, Tu

adamians surs Seitanos ganacxadi TavSesafarze evrokavSiris romelime sxva

qveyanaSi, is, formalurad mainc, pirvelad unda Cavides im qveyanaSi, sadac

surs TavSesafris miReba. Sesabamisad, TavSesafris maZieblebi, romlebic

cdiloben, moipovon TavSesafari, magaliTad, germaniaSi an safrangeTSi,

23 evrokavSiris sabWos rezolucia (EC) # 343/2003, 18 Tebervali, 2003. 24 dublinis dadgenileba moicavs evrokavSiris qveynebs da aseve norvegiasa da islandias

specialuri SeTanxmebis safuZvelze.

18

rogorc wesi, aralegalurad kveTen evrokavSiris sazRvars, raTa Semdgom

moxvdnen sasurvel qveyanaSi da iq Seitanon gancxadeba TavSesafarze.

evrokavSirSi Semaval yvela qveyanaSi TavSesafris moTxovniT ganacxadis

Setana SesaZlebelia erTze metjer, magram Tu saqmeSi ar aris axali faqtebi

an garemoebebi, ganacxadi iTvleba aSkarad dausabuTeblad da dauyovnebliv

xdeba misi uaryofa.25 saqarTvelos bevri moqalaqisaTvis, romelTa

ganacxadebic uaryofili iqna, es niSnavs, rom TavSesafris moTxovna veRar

iqneba poloneTidan evrokavSirSi moxvedris saSualeba. Tumca zogierTs

mtkiced aqvs gadawyvetili evrokavSirSi moxvedra da sanacvlod cdilobs iq

aralegalurad SeRwevas damoukideblad an adamianTa trefikingiT dakavebuli

jgufebis daxmarebiT. respondentebi saqarTveloSi ganmartaven, rom am

droisTvis ukve cxadi gaxda, rom poloneTSi ar aris ltolvilis statusis

miRebis SesaZleblobebi da amitom zogierTi cdilobs, arakanonierad

gadakveTos evrokavSiris gare sazRvrebi sxva qveynebSi TavSesafris miRebis an

sadme evrokavSiris farglebSi malulad cxovrebis mizniT. gamokiTxulTa

umravlesobas miznad hqonda dasaxuli germaniaSi an safrangeTSi wasvla.

germania izidavs iezid-qurTebs misi didi diasporiT, Tumca gasul wels

ltolvilis statusis miniWebis cota SemTxveva iyo. safrangeTis arCeva

daniSnulebis adgilad savaraudod SeiZleba aixsnas wina wlebSi saqarTvelos

moqalaqeebisTvis TavSesafris micemis SedarebiT maRali maCvenebliT.26

iyo ramdenime SemTxveva, rodesac saqarTvelos moqalaqeebma scades

evrokavSirSi moxvedra bularusis sazRvris aralegalurad gadakveTiT

poloneTis, litvisa da latviis mimarTulebiT. amis gamo belarusma gaaZliera

sasazRvro kontroli monadireebis daqiravebiT, romelTac davalebuli

25 TavSesafarze ganacxadis ramdenjerme Setanis SesaZlebloba sirTules qmnis statistikaSi, vinaidan erTi da igive adamiani erTze metjer aris daTvlili. 26 UNHCR-is yovelwliuri statistikuri cnobarebi, www.unhcr.org/pages/4a02afce6.html.

19

hqondaT sazRvris gadakveTis mcdelobisas ukanono emigrantebis daWera.27

belarusis saxelmwifo sazRvris komiteti TanamSromlobs evrokavSirTan

aralegaluri migraciis arxebis gamosavlenad, mTavari amocana ki maTi povnaa,

vinc emigrantebis megzuria sasazRvro zonebSi. amave mizniT poloneTsa da

belaruss Soris TanamSromloba emyareba 1961 wlis samTavrobo

xelSekrulebas poloneT-belarusis sazRvarze legaluri urTierTobebis

Sesaxeb. arseboben garkveuli kriminaluri jgufebi, romlebic exmarebian

xalxs sazRvris gadakveTaSi, Cveulebriv, mwvane zonebis gavliT. poloneT-

belarusis aRmosavleTi sazRvris gaswvriv aris tyeebi, tbebi da mTebi, rac

gansakuTrebiT xels aZlevs adamianTa trefikingiT dakavebuli jgufebs am

teritoriaze moqmedebisTvis. saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis gadmocemiT, CeCnebi

icdian aeroportis gareT minskSi, rodesac iq Cadian TviTmfrinavebi

Tbilisidan da sTavazoben xalxs TavianT momsaxurebas, romelsac zogi ise

Tanxmdeba, rom ar acnobierebs amasTan dakavSirebul riskebs. aris cnobebi,

rom zogierT SemTxvevaSi am kriminalur jgufebs mihyavT emigrantebi tyeebSi

da Zarcvaven. vrceldeboda aseve xmebi emigrantebis mkvlelobebis Sesaxeb. sxva

tipis jgufi, romelic, rogorc cnobilia, aseve CeCnebisgan Sedgeba, moqmedebs

poloneTis banakebSi da miznad isaxavs, daexmaros xalxs sazRvrebis

gadakveTaSi evrokavSiris SigniT, magaliTad, safrangeTSi an germaniaSi

mosaxvedrad. es jgufebi ufro saimedod iTvleba, radgan, arsebuli

informaciiT, isini xSirad aRweven TavianT mizans. gamomdinare iqidan, rom

Sengenis qveynebs Soris ar aris sasazRvro gamSvebi punqtebi, SedarebiT

advilia saxelmwifo sazRvris SeumCnevlad gadakveTa manqaniT. imisda mixedviT,

Tu sad surs adamians gamgzavreba, sazRvris gadakveTis Rirebuleba meryeobs

500-dan 2,500 evromde. safrangeTSi Casvla ufro Zviria, vidre germaniaSi,

vinaidan ufro Sori manZilia da, Sesabamisad, riskic metia. adamianebi, visac

27 ‘Georgian Times’, `belorusia cdilobs SeaCeros qarTvelebi evropaSi gaqcevisgan~, 2009

wlis 7 seqtemberi.

20

ar SeuZlia safasuris gadaxda aseTi jgufebisTvis, xSirad cdiloben,

damoukideblad gadakveTon sazRvrebi manqaniT an taqsiT.

sinamdvileSi poloneTSi moxvedra ar aris emigrantTa saboloo mizani da is

ufro gamoiyeneba, rogorc satranzito qveyana evrokavSirSi Sesasvlelad.

umravlesobas surs wasvla ufro dasavleTiT mdebare evropul qveynebSi,

rogoric aris germania, safrangeTi, Sveicaria, avstria da belgia. es sakmaod

rTuli wamowyebaa, vinaidan TavSesafris maZieblebs poloneTSi ltolvilis

statusis miRebis molodinSi ara aqvT ufleba, gadakveTon Sengenis zonis sxva

wevri saxelmwifoebis sazRvrebi. magram ramdenime SemTxvevam miipyro

yuradReba, rodesac qarTveli moqalaqeebi cdilobdnen poloneTsa da Sengenis

sxva qveynebs Soris sazRvris, magaliTad, CexeTis respublikasTan arsebuli

sazRvris, gadakveTas. aseve iyo SemTxvevebi, rodesac saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi

cdilobdnen aralegalurad gamgzavrebas CexeTis gavliT avstriaSi, sadac

isini dakavebulni iqnen policiis mier sasazRvro zonaSi. 2007 wels CexeTis

respublikis SengenSi gaerTianebis Semdeg28 policia atarebs SemTxveviT

reidebs sasazRvro teritoriebze. policias Sengenis zonis farglebSi ufleba

aqvs, moiTxovos am zonis gareT myofi qveynebis moqalaqeebisgan dokumentebi,

romlebic adasturebs, rom maT aqvT qveyanaSi yofnis ufleba. ukanono

emigrantebis dakavebis SemTxvevaSi maT aZeveben Sesabamisi qveynidan garkveuli

periodiT da Semdeg agzavnian poloneTSi dublinis dadgenilebis safuZvelze.

qveyana, sadac Tavdapirvelad Sedian TavSesafris maZieblebi, pasuxismgebelia

ganacxadis ganxilvaze da amitom maT agzavnian ukan poloneTSi, sadac maT

pirvelad Seitanes ganacxadi TavSesafarze. poloneTSi dabrunebulebs

aTavseben aralegali emigrantebis droebiTi ganTavsebis centrebSi manam, sanam

maTi saqmeebi ganxilvis procesSia. pirebs, romelTac aralegalurad SeaRwies

poloneTSi TavSesafris moTxovnis gareSe da dakavebulni iqnen poloneTis

28 2007 wlis dekemberSi Sengenis Tavisufal sasazRvro zonaSi Sevida cxra axali wevri saxelmwifo, kerZod, poloneTi, CexeTis respublika, estoneTi, latvia, litva, ungreTi,

slovakeTi, slovenia da malta.

21

sazRvrebs SigniT, ufleba aqvT, moiTxovon ltolvilis statusi aRniSnul

centrebSi, romelTac marTavs poloneTis sasazRvro dacva.

poloneTis xelisuflebam rogorc damoukideblad, ise Sveicariasa da

avstriasTan TanamSromlobiT daiwyo saqarTvelos im moqalaqeTa deportacia,

romelTa ganacxadebi TavSesafarze uaryofili iqna. deportacia daiwyo

agvistoSi saqarTvelos oTxi moqalaqiT, seqtemberSi ki maTi ricxvi 49-mde

gaizarda. oqtomberSi deportirebuli iqna 19 adamiani, noemberSi – 36, xolo

dekemberSi – 15. amasTan erTad, migraciis saerTaSoriso ofisis (IOM) mier

organizebuli nebayoflobiTi dabrunebis farglebSi 38 adamiani dabrunda

saqarTveloSi.29 saqarTvelos zogierTi moqalaqe, romelsac uari eTqva

TavSesafarze da deportirebuli iqna saqarTveloSi, mZime pirobebSi aRmoCnda.

marTalia, poloneTis gavliT gza evrokavSiramde SedarebiT

araZviradRirebuli alternativaa, magram zogierTi emigrantisTvis es mainc

did xarjebTanaa dakavSirebuli da mgzavrobisTvis saWiro gaxda maTi

kuTvnili qonebis nawilobriv an srulad gayidva. pirobebi gansakuTrebiT

mZimea iseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac saqarTveloSi myof ojaxebs unda gaegzavnaT

fuli TavianTi naTesavebisTvis, romlebic elodebodnen TavSesafarze

gancxadebis ganxilvas poloneTSi. mdgomareoba, romelic poloneTSi wasvlamde

arastabilurad iTvleboda, bevr SemTxvevaSi kidev ufro damZimda. iyo

ramdenime SemTxveva, rodesac emigraciis gadawyvetilebis miRebis Semdeg

iezidma-qurTebma ara erTxel scades poloneTSi SeRweva, rac aseve miuTiTebs

am marSrutis xelmisawvdomobaze. gamokiTxulebi amtkiceben, rom maT icodnen

im siZneleebis Sesaxeb, rac dakavSirebuli iyo evrokavSirSi moxvedrasTan,

magram vinaidan mgzavroba SedarebiT iafi jdeboda, maT mainc gadawyvites,

ecadaT bedi.

29 poloneTis Sinagan saqmeTa saministros ucxoelTa ofisi.

22

miuxedavad imisa, rom warsulSic da amJamadac mimdinareobs umTavresad

iezidi-qurTi warmoSobis saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis deportacia poloneTidan

saqarTveloSi, maTi didi ricxvi kvlavac evrokavSiris qveynebSi rCeba ukeTesi

cxovrebis ZiebaSi. poloneTSi registrirebul qarTvel TavSesafris

maZiebelTa TiTqmis 75% gauCinarda ltolvilTa banakebidan da kerZo

sacxovreblebidan maTi ganacxadebis ganxilvis periodSi. bevrma scada

evrokavSiris sxva qveyanaSi gadasvla, rasac adasturebs ganacxadTa didi

raodenoba, romlebic poloneTis xelisuflebam miiRo dublinis dadgenilebis

proceduruli moTxovnebis Sesabamisad. evrokavSiris sxvadasxva qveynidan

poloneTis xelisuflebas gadaegzavna 1,500 moTxovna, rom ukan waeyvanaT

TavSesafris maZieblebi, xolo dublinis dadgenilebis farglebSi dRemde 500

TavSesafris maZiebeli dabrunda qveyanaSi.30 garda amisa, TavSesafris miReba ar

aris emigrantebisTvis qveyanaSi darCenis erTaderTi gza. erT-erTi

alternativaa daqorwineba iseT pirze, visac evrokavSiris qveynis moqalaqeoba

aqvs, Tumca es iSviaTad aris gamosavali, vinaidan Znelia iseTi adamianis

povna, vinc Tanaxma iqneba qveyanaSi legalurad darCenis uflebis mopovebis

mizeziT daqorwinebaze. kidev erTi gacilebiT ufro gavrcelebuli

alternativaa aralegalurad darCena sasurvel qveyanaSi. ucnobia im

qarTvelTa raodenoba, romelTac ukanonod SeaRwies evrokavSirSi da,

Sesabamisad, ar arian registrirebulni iq, xolo TiTqmis 2,000 qarTveli

emigranti, romelTac moiTxoves TavSesafari poloneTSi gasuli Tveebis

ganmavlobaSi, iuridiuli terminologiiT rom vTqvaT, amJamad dakargulad

iTvleba.

poloneTis xelisuflebisa da evrokavSiris sxva qveynebisTvis problemebis

Seqmnis garda, ZiriTadad iezidi-qurTebisgan Semdgari emigrantTa nakadi

saqarTvelodan ukanasknel periodSi ukiduresad uaryofiT zemoqmedebas axdens

saqarTveloSi darCenil mosaxleobaze. iezid-qurTuli mosaxleoba, romelic

30 poloneTis Sinagan saqmeTa saministros ucxoelTa ofisi.

23

ukve ganicdis asimilaciis Zlier procesebs da enisa da kulturis dakargvas,

mniSvnelovnad Semcirda ricxobrivad misi wevrebis albaT erT mesamedze

metis, gansakuTrebiT axalgazrda Taobebis mier qveynis datovebis Sedegad.

maSin, rodesac arsebobs Sansi, rom emigrantTa garkveuli nawili sabolood

dabrundeba saqarTveloSi, rogorc Cans, bevri iezidi-qurTi darCeba

sazRvargareT, sadac maT, rogorc ukanono emigrantebs evropis qveynebSi,

mouwevT cxovrebis arastabilur pirobebTan gamklaveba. arsebobs yvela

safuZveli imisa, rom qarTvelma da saerTaSoriso dainteresebulma mxareebma

ifiqron imaze, Tu ra zomebis miReba SeiZleba ukeTesi pirobebis Sesaqmnelad

saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi iezidi-qurTi mosaxleobisTvis, romelic sagrZnoblad

mcirdeba.

24

danarTi. `pirebi, romelTac Seitanes ganacxadi saerTaSoriso dacvaze an

dasaxelebulni iqnen ganacxadSi ojaxis wevrad saangariSo periodis manZilze~

(2009)31

aprili maisi ivnisi ivlisi agvisto seqt oqt noem sul sul sul 56 58 849 1,038 1,371 317 205 143 4,037 100.0%0-13 17 14 227 212 259 29 35 20 813 20,1%14-17 2 2 22 26 40 7 4 2 105 2,6%18-34 25 34 450 604 755 195 115 79 2,257 55,9%35-64 9 8 144 195 311 85 51 42 845 20,9%65 da zemoT 3 0 6 1 6 1 0 0 17 0,4% mamakacebi sul 26 58 511 681 871 218 137 93 2,595 64,3%0-13 9 14 121 126 137 13 20 12 452 11,2%14-17 1 2 13 14 28 2 4 0 64 1,6%18-34 12 34 289 434 533 159 90 62 1,613 40,0%35-64 4 8 86 106 171 44 23 19 461 11,4%65 da zemoT 0 0 2 1 2 0 0 0 5 0,1% qalebi sul 30 0 338 357 500 99 68 50 1,442 35,7%0-13 8 0 106 86 122 16 15 8 361 8,9%14-17 1 0 9 12 12 5 0 2 41 1,0%18-34 13 0 161 170 222 36 25 17 644 16,0%35-64 5 0 58 89 140 41 28 23 384 9,5%65 da zemoT 3 0 4 0 4 1 0 0 12 0,3%

31 poloneTis Sinagan saqmeTa saministros ucxoelTa ofisi www.udsc.gov.pl/Refugee,status,278.html

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