samoqalaqo wigniereba - cdi.org.gecdi.org.ge/uploads/pages/wignierebamasw-3.pdf · tiviscema,...

giorgi gaxelaZe 1991 wlidan igi ga-naTlebis sistemaSi muSaobs, rogorc sa-jaro, ise akademiur da arasamTavrobo seqtorSi. 1992 wels daamTavra iv. javaxiS-vilis saxelobis Tsu fizikis fakulteti. misi saganmanaTleblo gamocdileba mrav-alferovania: maswavlebeli skolaSi, mozardTa saxlSi, saerTaSoriso pro-

eqtebis erovnuli eqsperti, saxelmZRvaneloebis avtori, ga-naTlebis mkvlevari da profesori, zrdasrulTa mwvrTneli rogorc ganaTlebis, ise garemosdacviT da jandacvis sferoSi, akreditaciis eqsperti da a. S. Tavad aqvs gavlili profesiuli ganviTarebis mravali programa saqarTveloSi da mis farglebs gareT.

igi aris erovnuli saswavlo gegmis samoqalaqo ganaTlebis sagnobrivi programis avtori. amJamad igi maswavlebelTa pro-fesiuli ganviTarebis erovnul centrSi samoqalaqo ganaTleb-is konsultantia. imavdroulad, giorgi aris ilias saxelmwifo univeristetSi ganaTlebis mkvlevari asistent-profesoria. igi aswavlis momaval maswavleblebsa da ganaTlebis adminis-tratorebs.

giorgi gaxelaZe

samoqalaqowigniereba

maswavleblis saxelmZRvanelo

giorgi gaxelaZe

Tbilisi 2012

samoqalaqo

wigniereba


ISBN 978-9941-0-4803-6

© samoqalaqo ganviTarebis instituti, 2012

proeqti ,,axali SesaZleblobebi saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone bavSvebs“ dafinansebulia evrokavSirisa da Ria sazogadoebis insti-tutis mier da xorcieldeba samoqalaqo ganviTarebis institutis, aso-ciacia zekarisa da marneulis axalgazrduli centris mier.

publikaciaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi SeiZleba ar gamoxatavdes evro-kavSirisa da Ria sazogadoebis institutis mosazrebebs.

Project “New Opportunities for Educationally Deprived Children` was made possible by the support of European Union and Open Society Institute. Project is implementing by the Civic development Institute, Association “Zekari` and Marneuli Youth Center.

The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of European

Union and Open Society Institute

avtori: giorgi gaxelaZerecenzenti: simon janaSiadizainer-damkabadonebeli: ekaterine wiqariSvili

sakonsultacio sabWoanTaZe iaboWoriSvili mananagorgoZe sofiomosiaSvili Tamar

wignis SeqmnaSi gansakuTebuli wvlili Seitanes samoqalaqo ganviT-rebis institutis TanamSromlebma, ganaTlebis eqspertebma, romleb-mac SeimuSaves ganaTlebis meore Sansis qarTuli modeli.

ideis warmatebiT ganxorcielebis procesSi aqtiurad monawileobdnen:baqraZe maiaTofaZe qeTevankobalaZe qeTevankorZaZe ekaterinepapava paatasamsonia irinaWanturia Tamar

daibeWda gamomcemloba mwignobariTbilisi, 2012

sarCevi

winasityvaoba ........................................................................................................5

Sesavali ..................................................................................................................6

standarti .............................................................................................................16

arsebiTi samoqalaqo unarebi .....................................................................22

misaRwevi Sedegebi da indikatorebi mimarTulebebis

mixedviT .................................................................................................................25

mimarTuleba: mdgradi ganviTareba .........................................................28

mimarTuleba: mmarTveloba .........................................................................32

sakiTxTa CamonaTvali .....................................................................................38

swavla-swavlebis ZiriTadi midgomebi da meTodologia ............39

swavlebis efeqturi meTodebi ...................................................................50

mravalwaxnagiani reitingi ..........................................................................65

proeqtis struqtura ......................................................................................75

moswavleTa muSaobis formebi ...................................................................77

gakveTilis gegmis nimuSebi .........................................................................80

Tema - samarTlianoba, kanoniereba da marTlwesrigi .................80

Tema - usafrTxo da jansaRi garemo ........................................................89

Tema _ ra aris arCevnebi .................................................................................91

Tema - arCevnebi sajaro skolaSi .............................................................94

Tema - Cemi arCevani: gadawyvetileba da Sedegebi ............................96

gamoyebenebuli literatura .....................................................................98

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winasityvaoba

skolis roli ganuzomlad didia adamianis pirovnul da sazogadoebriv ganviTarebaSi. skolaSi swavla Tanabrad mniS-vnelovania mozardis rogorc fizikuri Tu SemecnebiTi gan-viTarebisaTvis, ise misi sazogadoebis srulfasovan wevrad formirebisaTvis. aseve, adamianis akademiuri da socialuri ganviTarebisaTvis. sxvagvar garemoSi Zneldeba bavSvis harmo-niuli ganviTareba paralelurad orive mimarTulebiT.

samwuxarod, Cvens qveyanaSi arcTu iSviaTia saskolo sagan-manaTleblo procesSi bavSvebis srulfasovani monawileobis SezRudva. xarisxiani zogadi ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomobas aferxebs: klimaturi pirobebi, xan Seusabamo infrastruq-tura, ojaxebis ekonomikuri siduxWire, ganaTlebis aucileb-lobisadmi skeptikuri damokidebuleba da a.S.

es saxelmZRvanelo gankuTvnilia im maswavleblebisaTvis romelTa moswavleebsac sxvadasxva socialur-ekonomikuri mizezebis gamo xeli eSlebaT saskolo garemoSi miaRwion erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli Sedegebs. Sesa-bamisad, aseTi mozardebi SeiZleba ganvixiloT zogadsagan-manaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavleebad da ara special-uri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone (sssm) moswavleebad.

samoqalaqo ganaTlebis saxelmwifo standartidan SeirCa ZiriTadi Sedegebi, romelTa miRweva xels uwyobs mozardTa sazogadoebriv ganviTarebasa da samoqalaqo cnobierebis Cam-oyalibebas.

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ыsamoqalaqo wigniereba

Sesavali

winapiroba da miznebi

Tanamedrove epoqaSi yovel adamians dasWirdeba sakvanZo kompetenciaTa farTo diapazoni, raTa moqnilad auRos alRo swrafad cvalebad da Zalze urTierTgadajaWvul samyaros. ganaTleba misi ormagi socialuri da ekonomikuri rolis gamo, umniSvnelovanesi iqneba Tu adamianebs am cvlilebebTan umtkivneulod adaptirebis SesaZleblobas miscems sakvanZo kompetenciebis dauflebis safuZvelze.

sakvanZo kompetenciebi

kompetenciebi ganisazRvreba, rogorc konteqstis Sesabam-isi codnis, unar-Cvevebisa da damokidebulebis kombinacia. sakvanZoa is kompetenciebi, romlebic yvela individs sWirdeba pirovnuli srulyofisa da ganviTarebis, aqtiuri moqalaqeo-bis, socialuri CarTulobisa da dasaqmebisTvis.

`mTeli cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi ganaTlebisaTvis sakvanZo kompetenciebis evropul CarCoSi` mocemulia rva sakvanZo kompetencia:1. komunikacia mSobliur enaze

2. komunikacia ucxo enaze

3. maTematikuri kompetencia da sabazo kompetenciebi sabunebi-smetyvelo, teqnikur da gamoyenebiT mecnierebebSi

4. cifruli kompetencia

5. swavlis swavla

6. socialuri da samoqalaqo kompetenciebi

7. iniciativisa da mewarmeobis grZnoba (mniSvneloba, atmos-fero)

8. kulturuli codna da gamoxatva


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sakvanZo kompetenciebi erTnairad mniSvnelovania, radgan yoveli maTgani xels uwyobs codnis sazogadoebaSi warmate-bul cxovrebas. mravali maTgani urTierTmomcveli da urT-ierTdakavSirebulia: erTi sferosTvis mniSvnelovani aspeqte-bi xels uwyobs sxva sferoSi kompetenciebis ganviTarebas. metyvelebis, wera-kiTxvis, raodenobrivi azrovnebis unarisa da sainformacio da sakomunikacio teqnologiebis (sst) saba-zo unar-CvevebSi kompetencia mniSvnelovani safuZvelia swav-lisTvis, xolo kompetencia - `swavlis swavla~ xels uwyobs yvela saswavlo aqtivobas. CarCoSi gamoyenebulia mTeli rigi Temebia: kritikuli azrovneba, SemoqmedebiToba, iniciativa, problemebis gadaWra, riskis Sefaseba, gadawyvetilebis miReba da grZnobebis konstruqciuli menejmenti rvave kompetencia-Si TamaSobs rols.

socialuri da samoqalaqo kompetenciebi

gansazRvreba:socialuri da samoqalaqo kompetenciebi moicavs

pirovnul, pirovnebaTaSoris da kulturaTaSoris kompe-tenciebs da qcevis yvela formas, romelic individs sazoga-doebriv da samuSao cxovrebaSi, gansakuTrebiT ki, sul ufro da ufro mravalferovan sazogadoebebSi efeqtian da kon-struqciul monawileobasa da saWiroebis SemTvevaSi kon-fliqtebis gadaWraSi exmareba. samoqalaqo kompetencia in-dividebs samoqalaqo cxovrebaSi srulyofil monawileobaSi exmareba, efuZneba socialur da politikur koncefciebsa da struqturebs da aqtiur da demokratiul monawileobisadmi erTgulebas.

kompetenciasTan dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi codna, unar-Cvevebi da damokidebulebebi:

socialuri kompetencia ukavSirdeba pirad da sazogadoe-briv keTildReobas da moiTxovs imis gagebas, Tu rogor Sei-Zleba uzrunvelyon individebma fizikuri da sulieri janmr-

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Teloba. gamoiyenon wyarod sakuTari Tavi, ojaxi, myisieri socialuri garemo. codna Tu rogor uwyobs am yvelafers xels cxovrebis jansaRi wesi. warmatebuli pirovnebaTaSori-si da sazogadoebrivi monawileobisTvis mniSvnelovania sx-vadasxva sazogadoebebsa da garemoSi (mag., samsaxurSi) qcevis kodeqsisa da zogadad miRebuli manerebis codna. aseve mniS-vnelovania, individebis, jgufebis, samuSaos organizaciis, genderuli Tanasworobisa da aradiskriminaciis, sazogadoe-bisa da kulturis ZiriTadi koncefciebis codna. arsebiTia evropuli sazogadoebebis multikulturuli da socio-eko-nomikuri Taviseburebebisa da erovnuli kulturuli idento-bisa da evropuli identobis urTierTzemoqmedebis codna.

am kompetenciis ZiriTadi unar-Cvevebi moicavs sxvadasxva garemoSi konstruqciuli komunikaciis unars, tolerantobas, gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebis gamoxatvasa da gagebas, Tavda-jerebulobis garemos xelSewyobasa da empaTiis gancdas. indi-vids unda SeeZlos stresTan da imedgacruebasTan gamklaveba da maTi konstruqciulad gamoxatva. piradi da profesiuli sferoebis gamijvna.

es kompetencia emyareba kolaboraciis, asertulobisa (Tavdajerebulobis) da gulwrfelobis (Riaobis) damokideb-ulebas. individs unda hqondes socio-ekonomikuri ganviTa-rebisa da kulturaTaSorisi komunikaciis interesi, afasebdes mravalgvarobas da pativs scemdes sxvebs. mzad iyos, rogorc mikerZoebuli azris dasaZlevad aseve, kompromisisTvis.

kompetenciasTan dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi codna, unar-Cvevebi da damokidebulebebi:

samoqalaqo kompetencia emyareba demokratiis, samar-Tlianobis, Tanasworobis, moqalaqeobis da samoqalaqo ufle-bebis codnas. maT Soris, rogor aris isini gamoxatuli ev-rokavSiris ZiriTadi uflebebis sigelsa da saerTaSoriso


9

deklaraciebSi da rogor gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva institutebis mier adgilobriv, regionul, erovnul, evropul da saerTa-Soriso doneebze. is moicavs, rogorc Tanamedrove movle-nebis, ise erovnuli, evropuli da msoflio istoriis ZiriTadi movlenebisa da tendenciebis codnas. amas garda, socialur da politikur moZraobaTa miznebis, Rirebulebebisa da politi-kis wvdomas. mniSvnelovania evropuli integraciis, evrokav-Siris struqturebis, ZiriTadi miznebisa da Rirebulebebis da evropaSi mravalgvarobisa da kulturuli identobis codnac.

samoqalaqo kompetenciis unar-Cvevebi ukavSirdeba sazoga-doebaSi sxvebTan urTierTobis unars, farTo sazogadoebis winaSe mdgari problemebis gadaWrisas solidarobisa da in-teresis gamoxatvas. es moicavs kritikul da SemoqmedebiT az-rovnebas da konstruqciul monawileobas Temis an samezob-los aqtivobebSi, gadawyvetilebis miRebas yvela doneze, dawyebuli erovnulidan, damTavrebuli evropuliT, kerZod, xmis micemis saSualebiT.

dadebiTi damokidebulebis safuZvelia adamianis ufle-bebis, maT Soris, Tanasworobis, rogorc demokratiis pa-tiviscema, sxvadasxva religiuri an eTnikuri jgufebis Ri-rebulebaTa gansxvavebuli sistemebis aRiareba da gageba. es niSnavs, rogorc konkretuli adgilisadmi, qveynisadmi, ev-rokavSirisadmi an zogadad, evropisadmi da msofliosadmi mikuTvnebulobis Cvenebas, ise yvela doneze demokratiuli gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi monawileobisTvis mzaobas. aseve, moicavs pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis demonstrirebas, sazoga-doebis erTianobisTvis aucilebeli saerTo Rirebulebebis (mag., demokratiuli principebis pativiscema) aRiarebas da maTdami pativiscemas. konstruqciuli monawileoba moicavs samoqalaqo aqtivobas, socialuri mravalgvarobisa da er-Tianobis, mdgradi ganviTarebis xelSewyobas da sxvaTa Rireb-ulebebisa da piradulis pativiscemis mzaobas.

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ganaTleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisaTvis

demokratiuli suliskveTeba Tandayolili ar aris. ale-qsis tokvilma aRniSna, rom yovelma momdevno Taobam unda SeiZinos is codna, unar-Cvevebi da Camoiyalibos ganwyoba, anu individualuri da sazogadoebrivi xasiaTis Taviseburebebi, romelic safuZvlad udevs demokratias. ganwyobis Camoyali-beba SesaZlebelia, rogorc sityviTa da swavliT aseve, mag-aliTis ZaliT. demokratia ̀ TviTmarTvadi manqana` 1 ar aris, is mudmivad unda ganaaxlos yovelma axalma Taobam.

amrigad, samoqalaqo aRzrda-ganaTleba upirvelesi saz-runavia. ar aris imaze ufro mniSvnelovani amocana, vidre informirebuli, qmediTi da pasuxismgeblobis mqone moqa-laqeebis aRzrda. demokratiis ZiriTadi faseulobebisa da principebisadmi moqalaqeebis gaazrebuli Tavdadebis gareSe, Tavisufali da Ria sazogadoeba warumatebeli iqneba. amitom mniSvnelovania, rom ganaTlebis muSakebma, politikosebma da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis wevrebma mxari dauWiron samoqa-laqo ganaTlebas sazogadoebis yvela segmentis, institutebis farTo speqtrisa da xelisuflebis saSualebiT.

sazogadoeba, romlis aSenebis survilic gvaqvs, moqalaqee-bis mxridan Zalisxmevasa da Tavdadebas moiTxovs. Cven iseTi sazogadoeba da xelisufleba gvsurs, romelic:• pativs scems adamianis uflebebs;• aRiarebs individebis Rirsebasa da mniSvnelobas;• icavs samarTlebriv normebs;• sadac adamianebi Tanaxma arian Seasrulon sakuTari pasux-

ismgeblobebi;• yvela zrunavs sazogadoebis keTildReobaze.

aseTi sazogadoebisa da xelisuflebis sinamdviled qceva umniSvnelovanesi amocanaa.

ra aris samoqalaqo aRzrda?

1 Margaret Stimmann Branson, Associate Director Center for Civic Education September 1998


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demokratiul sazogadoebaSi samoqalaqo ganaTleba TviT-marTvis swavlebaa. demokratiuli TviTmmarTveloba niSnavs, rom adamianebi aqtiurad arian CarTulebi sakuTari Tavis xelmZRvanelobaSi; isini pasiurad ar iziareben sxvebis Sexed-ulebebs da ar eTanxmebian moTxovnebs. aristotele `politi-kaSi~ wers: `demokratiisTvis damaxasiaTebeli (rogorc umrav-lesoba miiCnevs) Tavisufleba da Tanasworoba maSin miiRweva, rodesac yvela adamiani Tanabrad iziarebs marTvis pasux-ismgeblobas~. sxva sityvebiT Tu vityviT, demokratia ufro srulyofilad aris realizebuli, Tu politikuri sazogadoe-bis yoveli wevri monawileobs marTvaSi. politikuri sazoga-doebis wevrebi moqalaqeebi arian da Sesabamisad, moqalaqeoba demokratiul sazogadoebaSi saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis wev-robaa. wevroba monawileobas niSnavs, TviT wevrobasTan daka-vSirebuli uflebebisa da pasuxismgeblobebis kritikul gage-basa da miRebas.

demokratiul sazogadoebaSi samoqalaqo ganaTlebam, pirvel rigSi, demokratiis idealebis gagebas da misi faseu-lobebisa da principebis erTgulebas unda Seuwyos xeli. de-mokratia utopia ar aris, Tumca moqalaqeebs unda esmodeT, rom Tu maTi ararealisturi molodinebi ar marTldeba, cinizmi, apaTia ar unda daeufloT da uari ar unda Tqvan politikur cxovrebaze. samoqalaqo ganaTleba realisturi unda iyos. mis amJamindel naklovanebebs is ganapirobebs, rom `ar vewinaaRm-degebiT Sexedulebas, romlis mixedviTac politikaSi adamiani an igebs an agebs da mogeba yvelafris erT jerze da myisierad miRebas niSnavs. dakargulia rwmena, rom politikaSi xvalinde-li dRec arsebobs, sxva Sansic, rom mogismenen, dageTanxmebian da SesaZloa, sasurvelis raRac nawilic miiRoT. dRes poli-tikuri ganaTleba uZluria aswavlos Cveni politikuri isto-ria: mudmivi da mtkice samoqalaqo CarTulobis - SeTanxmebaTa dinjad, moTminebiT miRwevis - Sedegad miRweuli socialuri cvlilebebi (Carter and Elshtain, 1997).

amrigad, mniSvnelovania imis codna, rom politika ar aris

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da arc unda iyos TamaSi nulovani SedegiT. mosazrebas, rom `gamarjvebuli iRebs yvelafers~ saerTo araferi aqvs de-mokratiasTan, radgan damarcxebulma Tu yvelaferi dakarga, uars ityvis demokratiul TamaSSi monawileobaze. gaziareba - Zalauflebis, resursebis, pasuxismgeblobebis - arsebiTi fenomenia demokratiul sazogadoebaSi. demokratiul sazoga-doebaSi mudam arsebobs socialur cvlilebaze gavlenis Sesa-Zlebloba, Tuki moqalaqeebs Sesabamisi codna, unarebi da neba aqvT. swored es codna, unarebi da neba, anu individualuri da sazogadoebrivi xasiaTis Taviseburebebi aris srulyofili samoqalaqo ganaTlebis Sedegi.

samoqalaqo aRzrdis daniSnuleba da mniSvneloba

saqarTveloSi

`zne-xasiaTis wvrTna erTi udidesi, uaRresi sagania skolisa, radganac

gaadamianeba kacisa Tavi da boloa yovelgvari wvrTnisa, zrdisa da ganaTlebisa. `

ilia WavWavaZe

saqarTvelos zogadi ganaTlebis sistemaSi samoqalaqo aRz-rdas sakvanZo adgili ukavia, radgan Cven qveyanaSi zogadi ga-naTlebis mizania „saqarTvelos moqalaqis aRzrda da momzade-ba zogadi ganaTlebis Semdgomi profesiuli da sazogadoebrivi cxovrebisaTvis“ 2. Sesabamisad, samoqalaqo aRzrda, rogorc saswavlo procesis ganuyofeli nawili zogadi ganaTlebis yvela safexurze, mowodebulia xeli Seuwyos informirebuli, aqtiuri da pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis mqone moqalaqis aRz-rdas. amasTan, aRniSnuli sagnis swavlebas gadamwyveti mniSvn-eloba aqvs moswavlis samoqalaqo kompetenciis Camoyalibebisa

2 საქართველოს კანონი ზოგადი განათლების შესახებ


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da sazogadoebaSi samoqalaqo kulturis damkvidrebisaTvis.informirebuli, aqtiuri da pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis mqone moqalaqis aRzrda

nebismier qveyanaSi demokratiis arseboba damokidebulia, swored, moqalaqeTa unarebze, codnasa da ganwyobebebze. samo-qalaqo aRzrdis Sedegad moswavleebi igeben imas, Tu ras niS-navs iyo moqalaqe. amasTan, moqalaqe ara mxolod uflebebiT aris aRWurvili, aramed mas Sesabamisi valdebulebebica da pasuxismgeblobebic akisria. mniSvnelovania isic, rom Tu ada-mians sakuTari samoqalaqo valdebulebebi gacnobierebuli ar aqvs, is ver gamoiyenebs sakuTar uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs, miRebul codnas.

samoqalaqo kompetencia

saqarTvelos konstituciis mixedviT xelisuflebis wyaroa xalxi. aRniSnuli principi demokratiis fundaments warmoad-gens, Tumca adamianebi ver SeZleben sakuTari xelisuflebis saqmianobaSi monawileobas an mis gakontrolebas samoqalaqo kompetenciis gareSe. adamianis moqalaqed CamoyalibebaSi did rols TamaSobs ojaxi, media, religiuri da sxva sazogadoebri-vi institutebi, Tumca zogadi ganaTlebis sistemas yvelaze seriozuli wvlili Seaqvs masSi iseTi efeqturi instrumentis meSveobiT, rogoric samoqalaqo aRzrdaa.

samoqalaqo kompetencia aerTianebs sam ZiriTad kompo-nents: codnas, unarsa da ganwyobas.

sagnis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom igi interdisciplinuri/saganTSorisi bunebisaa da mas safuZvlad udevs yvela sazogadoebriv-politikuri mecniere-ba: eTika, istoria, sociologia, geografia, ekonomika, samar-Talmcodneoba, politologia da a.S.

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samoqalaqo kultura

samoqalaqo aRzrda xels uwyobs samoqalaqo kulturis Camoyalibebas. saqarTvelo mravalferovani (mravaleTni-kuri, mravalreligiuri, mrvalenovani da a.S.) qveyanaa. ami-tomac sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania saerTo samoqalaqo Rire-bulebebis pativiscema da erTguleba. swored am principis erTguli saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis `uryevi nebaa daamkvidron demokratiuli sazogadoebrivi weswyobileba, ekonomikuri Ta-visufleba, socialuri da samarTlebrivi saxelmwifo, uzrun-velyon adamianis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli uflebani da Tavi-suflebani, ganamtkicon saxelmwifoebrivi damoukidebloba da sxva xalxebTan mSvidobiani urTierToba, eyrdnobian ra qarTve-li eris mravalsaukunovani saxelmwifoebriobis tradiciebs`.3

3 საქართველოს კონსტიტუცია, 1995 წლის 24 აგვისტო.


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samoqalaqo aRzrda xels uwyobs iseTi Tavisufali da Ria samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Camoyalibebas, sadac:

• uzrunveyofilia demokratiis fundameturi Rirebule-bebisa da principebis pativiscema;

• daculia adamianis uflebebi;

• gacnobierebuli da daculia adamianis Rirseba da mniS-vneloba;

• uzrunvelyofilia kanonis uzenaesoba;

• sazogadoebrivi sikeTis dacva aris yvela moqalaqis val-debuleba;

• gaTvaliwinebulia ara mxolod umravlesobis interesebi, aramed daculia umciresobaTa uflebebic.

samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mSeneblobas emsaxureba zogadi ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebi, romlis preambulaSi naTqvamia: `saqarTveloSi zogadi ganaTlebis sistema miznad isaxavs Seqm-nas xelsayreli pirobebi erovnuli da zogadsakacobrio Rireb-ulebebis matarebeli, Tavisufali pirovnebis CamoyalibebisaT-vis.

amasTan erTad ganaTlebis sistema uviTarebs mozards gon-ebriv da fizikur unar-Cvevebs, aZlevs saWiro codnas, amkvi-drebs jansaRi cxovrebis wess, moswavleebs uyalibebs liber-alur da demokratiul Rirebulebebze damyarebul samoqalaqo cnobierebas da exmareba maT ojaxis, sazogadoebisa da saxelm-wifos winaSe sakuTari ufleba-movaleobebis gacnobierebaSi`.4

4 ზოგადი განათლების ეროვნული მიზნები, 2004.

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standarti

moqalaqeobis swavlebis miznebi, ZiriTadi amocanebi da mimarTulebebi

samoqalaqo aRzrdis miznebi

samoqalaqo aRzrdis Sedegad moswavles unda ganuviTardes samoqalaqo kompetenciis sami urTierTdakavSirebuli kom-ponenti: moqalaqeobis codna, moqalaqeobrivi unar-Cvevebi da moqalaqeobrivi ganwyobebi.

moqalaqeobis codna im Sinaarss gulisxmobs, rac moqalaqes xuTi mniSvnelovan kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemaSi daexmareba: 1. ra aris samoqalaqo cxovreba, politika da saxelmwifo?

2. ra aris Cveni qveynis politikuri cxovrebis safuZveli?

3. rogor asaxavs konstituciis safuZvelze moqmedi xelisu-fleba demokratiis mizans, Rirebulebebsa da principebs?

4. ra urTierToba aqvs saqarTvelos msoflios sxva qveynebTan?

5. ra rols asruleben moqalaqeebi qveynis demokratizaciis procesSi?

moqalaqeobrivi unar-Cvevebi ZiriTadad ori saxisaa: in-teleqtualuri da monawileobiTi.

inteleqtualuri unar-Cvevebi ganuyofelia codnisgan. nebismieri sakiTxis kritikuli gaazreba-SefasebisTvis TviT am sakiTxis codna da misi dRevandelobasTan Sesabamisobis ganxilva aris saWiro. inteleqtualuri unar-Cvevebi moicavs:

•amocnobasa da aRweras,

•axsnasa da analizs,

•Sefasebas, gadawyvetilebis miRebasa da poziciis dacvas monawileobiTi unar-Cvevebi dayofilia kategoriebad:

•urTierToba/urTierTqmedeba,

•kontroli da gavlena.

es unar-Cvevebi aucilebelia adamianebisTvis, rom iyvnen politikuri procesisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis in-


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formirebuli, aqtiuri da pasuxismgebeli monawileebi.moqalaqeobrivi ganwyobebi asaxavs pirovnebis xasiaTis

Tvisebebs, romlebic aucilebelia saerTo samoqalaqo kul-turis, qveynis konstituciuri demokratiis SenarCunebisa da ganviTarebisTvis. moqalaqeobrivi ganwyobebi SeZenili da nas-wavlia iseve, rogorc kulturasTan dakavSirebuli sxva Tvise-bebi. es ganwyobebi nela viTardeba, radgan bavSvi viTardeba da swavlobs ojaxSi, skolaSi, samezoblosa Tu sazogadoebis sxva nawilebTan urTierTobisas miRebuli sakuTari gamoc-dilebis safuZvelze.

moqalaqeobrivi ganwyobebi xuT kategoriad jgufdeba: 1. sazogadoebis damoukidebel wevrad Camoyalibeba;

2. moqalaqis piradi, politikuri da ekonomikuri valde-bulebebis aReba;

3. pirovnebis faseulobisa da adamianuri Rirsebis pati-viscema;

4. sazogadoebriv saqmeebSi informirebulad, dafiqrebu-lad da efeqtianad monawileoba;

5. saxelmwifos konstituciuri demokratiis jansaRi fun-qcionirebis xelSewyoba.5

samoqalaqo aRzrdis swavlebis ZiriTadi amocanebi

samoqalaqo aRzrda mowodebulia mozardebSi demokrati-uli sazogadoebisaTvis mniSvnelovani samoqalaqo wignierebis6 iseTi aspeqtebis ganviTarebisken, rogoricaa: politikuri da samarTlebrivi wigniereba, socialuri da kulturuli wig-niereba, ekonomikuri wigniereba da erovnuli da globaluri wigniereba. wignierebis TiToeuli es saxe, faqtobrivad, sa-bazo samoqalaqo kompetenciebis sayrdenia.

5 National Assessment of Educational Progress Achievement Levels 1992-1998 for Civics; July 2001; Edited by Susan Cooper Loomis Mary Lyn Bourque; National Assessment of Educational Progress, National Assessment Governing Boord; U.S. Deportment of Education // NAEP 2006 Civics Report Card. 6 პ. ბრეტი, პ. მომპოინტ-გელარდი, მ. ე. სალემა, მასწავლებელთა კომპეტენციების ჩარჩო, რა უნდა გააკეთოს თითოეულმა მასწავლებელმა სამოქალაქო განათლებისა და ადამიანი უფლებების შესახებ სწავლების ხელშესაწყობად, ‘მასწავლებელთა პროფესიული განვითარების ცენტრი’, 2009.

18


amdenad, am sami komponentis WrilSi gaazrebiT, sabazo samoqalaqo kompetenciebi Semdegnairad SeiZleba davaxas-iaToT:

politikuri da samarTlebrivi kompetencia:

codna: moswavlem, asakis Sesabamisad, codnis nabij-nabij aTvisebis gziT, unda icodes Tu ra aris politikuri sistema da kanoni; unda gaacnobieros sakuTari pasuxismgeblobebi da uflebebi demokratiuli politikuri sistemisa da kanonis uzenaesobis winaSe; moswavle unda acnobierebdes saerTaSori-so samarTlis arssa da mniSvnelobas; unda icnobdes adamianis uflebaTa dacvis erovnul da saerTaSoriso CarCoebs, adamia-nis uflebaTa dacvis meqanizmebsa da saSualebebs sxvadasxva doneze da a.S.

unar-Cvevebi: moswavles unda SeeZlos sakuTari da sxvisi (gansxvavebulis, umciresobis, gansakuTrebul saWiroebaTa mqone bavSvebis da a.S.) uflebebis dacva; unda gacnobierebeu-lad emorCilebodes kanonsa da SeZlebisdagvarad, saskolo TemSi qcevis gaziarebul wesebs, unda SeeZlos monawileoba saskolo Temisa da klasis cxovrebaSi da a.S.

ganwyoba: moswavles gacnobierebuli unda hqondes kan-onis uzenaesoba da adamianis uflebebi, faseulobebi da amis safuZvelze hqondes mzaoba imoqmedos adamianis uflebebze zrunviT, kanonmorCilad da adamianis uflebebis dasacavad.

socialuri da kulturuli kompetencia:

codna: moswavle unda acnobierebdes Tavs, rogorc saku-Tari ojaxis, sazogadoebis, saskolo Temisa Tu klasis, same-zeoblo Temis, referentuli jgufis (iqneba es eTnikuri Tu religiuri umciresoba Tu satitulo nacia da a.S.), qarTuli sazogadoebis wevrad; icnobdes sakuTari qveynis, referentu-li Temis kulturas; saqarTveloSi Tu msoflioSi mcxovrebi sxva sazogadoebebis kulturas; esmodes Tu ras niSnavs zrun-vis eTika da ratom aris is faseuli da a.S.


19

unar-Cvevebi: SeuZlia zrunva, urTierTgafrTxilebaze da-fuZnebuli urTierTobebis damyareba, gansxvavebulTan urT-ierToba, konfliqtis mogvareba, efeqturi komunikacia da a.S.

ganwyoba: aqvs gansxvavebulisa da mravalferovnebis, ro-gorc faseulis cnobiereba; aqvs zrunvis da gafrTxilebis damokidebuleba mis garSemo myofi adamianebis (ojaxis wevre-bi, Tanaklaselebi, maswavleblebi da a.S.) mimarT da sxva.

ekonomikuri kompetencia:

codna: moswavle nabij-nabij, safexurebrivad, unda gaecnos Tavisi qveynis ekonomikuri mdgomareobis ZiriTad aspeqtebs: Sromisa da samomxmareblo bazars, minimalur xelfass da msy-idvelobiTunarianobas da a.S.; SeZlebisdagvarad, unda iyos informirebuli momxmarebli uflebebsa da movaleobebze, pasuxismgeblobiTi da eTikuri moxmarebis mniSvnelobasa da principebze; gamWvirvalobis mniSvnelobaze da a.S.

unar-Cvevebi: moswavles unda ganuviTardes resursebis racionalurad xarjvisa da moxmarebis unar-Cveva, Sromisa da socialur garemoze zrunvisa da daxmarebis unar-Cvevebi, problemaTa efeqturi gadaWris unar-Cvevebi, dagegmvisa da gegmazomieri moqmedebis unar-Cvevebi.

ganwyoba: am kompetenciis miRma myofi ganwyoba unda efuZne-bodes Sromis, socialuri urTierTzrunvisa da urTierT-pasuxismgeblobis, gamWvirvalobis faseulobebs. moswavles unda ganuvTardes socialurad gaWirvebul garSemomyofTa daxmarebis qcevis mzaoba; resursebis racionaluri xarjvisa da eTikurad moxmarebis qcevis mzaoba; problemaTa aqtiurad da efeqturad gadaWris qcevis mzaoba da a.S.

erovnuli da globaluri kompetencia:

codna: moswavlem unda nabij-nabij, safexureobrivad SeiT-visos codna iseT sferoebze, rogoricaa mdgradi ganviTareba, garemos dacva, cxovrebis jansaRi wesi; unda gaisigrZeganos sakuTari qveynis mdgomareobis kavSiri regionis mdgomareo-basTan; regionis kavSiri evropasa da msoflioSi mimdinare

20


procesebTan; unda gaacnobieros yvela am procesis urTierT-gadajaWvuloba da ganmapirobebloba; unda gaacnobieros ka-cobriobis, rogorc msoflios erTiani sazogadoebis winaSe mdgari politikuri, ekonomikuri, garemosdacviTi da social-uri gamowvevebi.

unar-Cvevebi: jansaRi cxovrebis wesis dacvis Sesabamisi unar-Cvevebi, garemos dacvis Sesabamisi unar-Cvevebi, cvlile-baTa dagegmarebisa da marTvis unar-Cvevebi da a.S.

ganwyoba: am kompetenciis Sesabamisi ganwyobebi unda efuZnebodes sakuTari samSoblos, regionis, evropisa da saerTod msoflios _ rogorc faseuli, urTierTdamokide-buli erTeulebis gacnobierebas. mdgradi ganviTarebis _ ro-gorc samSoblosa da danarCen msoflioze zrunvis samuSao iaraRis gaazrebas. moswavleSi unda aRvzardoT garemos dac-vis, cxovrebis jansaRi stilis Sesabamisi qcevebis ganwyoba; mdgradi ganviTarebis globalur procesebSi sakuTari wvli-lis Setanis qcevis mzaoba da a.S.

samoqalaqo aRzrdis swavlebis mimarTulebebi

demokratiuli moqalaqeobis swavleba saskolo kulturis ganuyofeli komponentia, radgan warmoadgens sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi CarTvisa da urTierTobebis damyarebis saSuale-bas.7

swavlebis mimarTulebebis gansazRvras martividan rTu-lisken, konkretulidan zogadisken swavlebis principi dae-do safuZvlad. samive mimarTuleba erTaderTi saerTo miznis - moqalaqis Camoyalibebas emsaxureba. yoveli mimarTuleba asaxavs sagnis ZiriTad Sinaarss da efuZneba erT an ramdenime disciplinas. maTi mocemuli saxiT warmodgenis arsi swavla/swavlebis gamartivebaa. es mimarTulebebi imavdroulad samo-qalaqo sazogadoebis safuZvlebs asaxavs:

7 პ. ბრეტი, პ. მომპოინტ-გელარდი, მ. ე. სალემა, მასწავლებელთა კომპეტენციების ჩარჩო, რა უნდა გააკეთოს თითოეულმა მასწავლებელმა სამოქალაქო განათლებისა და ადამიანი უფლებების შესახებ სწავლების ხელშესაწყობად, ‘მასწავლებელთა პროფესიული განვითარების ცენტრი’, 2009, გვ. 17.

msoflio


21

•pirovnuli ganviTareba•mdgradi ganviTareba•mmarTveloba*.* mimarTulebebis Tanamimdevroba pirobiTia. samive mimar-

Tuleba TanabarmniSvnelovania.

pirovnuli ganviTareba individualuri TviTganviTarebi-sa da sxvebis ganviTarebis procesia. individualur doneze pirovnuli ganviTareba moicavs im miznebs, gegmebsa da qmede-bebs, romlebic mimarTulia Semdegi amocanis/ebis Sesrule-baze:

•TviTanalizis ganviTareba;

•TviTcodnis ganviTareba;

•identobis Zieba, migneba an ganaxleba;

•SesaZleblobebis an niWis ganviTareba;

•potencialis gansazRvra da ganviTareba;

•adamianuri kapitalis ganviTareba;

•cxovrebis xarisxis amaRleba;

•pirovnuli ganviTarebis gegmis gansazRvra da Sesruleba.

mdgradi ganviTareba - cvlilebaTa procesia, romelSic bunebrivi resursebis moxmareba, investiciebi, mecnierul-teqnikuri ganviTareba, pirovnebis ganviTareba da instituci-uri cvlilebebi urTierTSeTanxmebulia da ganamtkicebs ada-mianis moTxovnilebebisa da miswrafebebis dasakmayofileblad saWiro awmyosa da samomavlo potencials. garkveulwilad sau-baria adamianTa cxovrebis xarisxis uzrunvelyofaze. ufro xSirad mdgrad ganviTarebas ganmartaven, rogorc `ganviTa-rebas, romelic awmyos moTxovnebs imgvarad akmayofilebs, rom momaval Taobebs ar arTmevs moTxovnaTa dakmayofilebis SesaZleblobas~.8

mmarTveloba marTvis aqtivobaa. is ukavSirdeba im gadawyvetilebebs (individualur, ojaxis, Temis, qveynis do-

8 United Nations. 1987.̀ Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development.̀ General Assembly Resolution 42/187, 11 December 1987. Retrieved: 2007-04-12; Smith, Charles; Rees, Gareth (1998). Economic Development, 2nd edition. Basingstoke: Macmillan. ISBN 0333722280

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neze), romlebic gansazRvravs molodinebs, Zalauflebis mini-Webas an saqmianobis kontrols. is moicavs damoukidebel, an marTvisa da liderobis procesebis specifikur nawils.

arsebiTi samoqalaqo unarebi

unari damaxasiaTebeli gamovlinebebi inteleqtualuri •informaciis Tavmoyra, analizi, axs-

na-ganmarteba, Sejameba, Sefaseba da wardgena;

•informaciis daxarisxeba; Sesabam-isobebisa da mizez-Sedegobrivi kav-Sirebis dadgena;

•sakiTxis, misi istoriis da dRevan-delobasTan Sesabamisobis gageba; poziciis gansazRvra, aRwera, Sefase-ba da dacva; ZiriTadi kanonebisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis rolis gageba

•gansjisTvis kriteriumebis gansaz-Rvra;

•CarTulobis Sefaseba; Sedegebis gansazRvra; uflebebisa da pasuxismge-blobebis gansazRvra;

•problemebis gadaWra da moqmedeba.monawileobis •gavlenis politika; gaerTianeba; ko-

aliciis Seqmna; molaparakeba, kompro-misi da SeTanxmebis Zieba;

•gadawyvetilebis miReba; informa-ciis mogroveba; saWiroebebisa da resursebis gansazRvra; faseulobebis gansazRvra;

•TanamSromlobiTi swavla; sxvebis mosmena; gansxvavebuli rasis, sqesis, kulturis, sqesobrivi orientaciis, religiis, eTnikurobis, asakisa da ide-ologiis mqone adamianebTan muSaoba;


23

kvlevis •biblioTekis, wignebis, Jurnalebis, internetisa da sxva resursebis gamoy-eneba;

•mediaSi konkretuli sakiTxis Tvaly-uris devneba; sazogadoebaSi calkeu-li sakiTxebis kvleva; Sexvedrebze daswreba, angariSi da msjeloba;

•mediis gamoyeneba informaciis mo-grovebisa da analizisTvis; informa-ciis miReba jgufebisa da individebi-sgan;

•sxvadasxva sakiTxebze informaciis moZiebis/wvdomis Seswavla; informa-ciisa da misi wyaroebis saimedobis gansja; Sexedulebisa da mcdari war-modgenis Seswavla.

darwmunebis/

dasabuTebis

•moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobaSi monawileoba; werilebis miwera gaze-Tis, qalaqis an qveynis warmomadgen-lebisTvis;

•jgufisa da piradi interesebis gansaz-Rvra; jgufisa da piradi uflebebis da interesebis dasacavad kanonieri saSualebebis gamoyeneba;

•Sexedulebis mxardasaWerad logikuri dasabuTebis SemuSaveba;

•lideris unarebis gamovlena; verbal-uri da weriTi unarebis ganviTareba; argumentis dacvis Seswavla;

•sxvebis dayolieba samoqalaqo qmede-baSi CasarTavad.

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saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone mozardis samoqalaqo

aRzrdiT misaRwevi Sedegebi, mimarTulebebis mixedviT:

pirovnuli ganviTareba

mdgradi ganviTareba

mmarTveloba

1. moswavle aanalizebs sa-kuTar pirovnul Tvisebebs, mis-wrafebebsa da SesaZleblobebs.

2. moswavle gansazRvravs sa-kuTar adgilsa da mniSvnelobas sazogadoebaSi.

3. moswavle axasiaTebs pro-fesionalizmis mniSvnelobas pirovnebis ganvi-TarebisaTvis.

4. moswavle gansazRvravs sakuTar SesaZle-blobebs da ad-gens momavali saqmianobis geg-mas.

5. moswavle akavSirebs Tavisufali pirovnebisa da aqtiuri moqalaq-is Tvisebebs.

6. moswavle afasebs ada-mianisa da sazogadoe-bis rols socialuri problemebis gadawyvetaSi.

7. moswavle aanalizebs mra-valferovan sazogadoebaSi samarTliani urTierTobis faqtorebs.

8. moswavle ganixilavs saqarTvelos mdgradi ganvi-Tarebis Sesa-Zleblobebs.

9. moswavle ga-nixilavs saqarT-velos moqalaqis konstituciur uflebebsa da Ta-visuflebebs, mov-aleobebsa da pa-suxismgeblobebs.

10. moswavle ga-nixilavs kanonis uzenaesobis mniS-vnelobas saxelm-wifosTvis

11. moswavle axa-siaTebs saqarT-velos saxelmwi-fos mowyobasa da mmarTvelobas.

12. moswavle ikvlevs saqarT-velos moqalaqis sazogadoebriv-politikur cxovrebaSi monaw-ileobis formebsa da saSualebebs.

13. moswavle aanali zebs moqa-laqeebis rols qvey-nis demokratizaciis procesSi.


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misaRwevi Sedegebi da indikatorebi mimarTulebebis mixedviT

mimarTuleba: pirovnuli ganviTareba

aanalizebs sakuTar pirovnul Tvisebebs, miswrafebebsa da SesaZleblobebs.

Sedegi miRweulia, Tu moswavle:

• CamoTvlis ra sWirdeba adamians arsebobisTvis da Seusabam-ebs maT sakuTar survilebs;

• monawileobs mcire jgufSi adamianis moTxovnilebaTa ier-arqiis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva mosazrebis ganixilvaSi. warmoad-gens jgufis mier dasaxelebul da mniSvnelobis mixedviT dalagebul adamianis moTxovnilebaTa CamonaTvals;

• CamoTvlis adamianis grZnobebs, emociebs, Tvisebebs da gamo yofs maTgan dadebiTs.

• ganasxvavebs adamianis Tandayolil da SeZenil Tvisebebs, romlebic aucilebelia sazogadoebaSi srulfasovani cxovrebisTvis;

• msjelobs adamianur Rirsebaze, ganmartavs mas, mohyavs maga liTebi misi Selaxvisa da dacvis Sesaxeb, cxovrebidan an mxatvruli literaturidan.

• asabuTebs sakuTar ganwyobas adamianis Rirsebis zrunva-gafrTxilebasTan dakavSirebiT;

• jgufTan erTad gaiTamaSebs situacias, rodesac ilaxeba adamianis Rirseba an Tavisufleba gamoTqvams da asabuTebs Tavis mosazrebas am Rirebulebebis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb; gadmoscems sakuTar gancdebs (mag: rodis grZnobs, rom sxvebze arc ukeTesia da arc uaresi, rodis grZnobs, rom Rirseulad iqceva);

• msjelobs impulsur qcevasa (`minda~) da nebelobiTi qcevas (`saWiroa~) Soris gansxvavebaze, mohyavs konkretuli mag-aliTebi da akeTebs dasabuTebul arCevans maT Soris.

26


• ganixilavs SemTxvevebs, rodesac pirovneba iRebs pasux-ismgeblobas sakuTar saqcielze da rodesac is ase ar iqce-va.

gansazRvravs sakuTar adgilsa da mniSvnelobas sazogadoebaSi.

Sedegi miRweulia, Tu moswavle:• ganmartavs, ras niSnavs sazogadoeba da mohyavs misi magaliTe-

bi;• gansazRvravs im sazogadoebebs, romlebsac Tavad miekuTvneba;• zneobas, zrdilobasa da disciplinas ukavSirebs adamianisa

da sazogadoebis keTildReobas, aanalizebs maT rolsa da mniSvnelobas sazogadoebis ganviTarebisaTvis/qmedunariano-bisaTvis;

• aanalizebs sazogadoebaSi moqcevis motivebs (sasjelis SiSi, jildo/sargebeli, sxvaTa mowoneba/konformizmi, kanonmor-Cileba, sindisis karnaxi da a.S.).

• ganasxvavebs moralur arCevansa da qcevas dasjis SiSiTa Tu sazogadoebis zewoliT ganxorcielebuli arCevanisa da qcevi-sagan;

• msjelobs ojaxze, rogorc sazogadoebis ZiriTad Rirebu-lebasa da adamianis ZiriTad garemoze. gamokveTs ojaxis struqturas da funqciur rolebs masSi. aanalizebs ojaxSi pasuxismgeblobebis ganawilebis sakiTxs da msjelobs sakuTar pasuxismgeblobaze;

• msjelobs Tavis Tavze rogorc ojaxisa da skolis Temis wevrze, sakuTar rolze, funqciebze, uflebebze, movaleobeb-sa da valdebulebebze. afasebs ojaxisa da Temis cxovrebaSi aqtiuri monawileobis mniSvnelobas;

• msjelobs ojaxSi, skolasa da TemSi arsebul saerTo wesebze, normebsa da tradiciebze, maTi pativiscemisa da dacvis mniS-vnelobaze;

• msjelobs adamianisa da sazogadoebis urTierTdamokidebule-baze, ganasxvavebs pirovnebisa da sazogadoebis interesebs;


27

axasiaTebs profesionalizmis mniSvnelobas pirovnebis ganvi-TarebisaTvis.

Sedegi miRweulia, Tu moswavle:• CamoTvlis, misi azriT, ramdenime warmatebul TvalsaCino

adamians, ganixilavs maTi warmatebis pirovnul mizezebs da gamoyofs maTgan profesiuls;

• CamoTvlis adamianis profesionalizmis maxasiaTeblebs da ukavSirebs adamianis Tandayolil da SeZenil Tvisebebs;

• profesionalizmis maxasiaTeblebs ajgufebs pirovnuli Tvisebebis mixedviT;

• ajgufebs adamianis profesionalizmis pirovnul maxasiaTe-blebs codnis, unarisa da Sromisadmi ganwyobis mixedviT;

• asabuTebs pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis kavSirsa da mniS-vnelobas profesionalizmisaTvis;

• msjelobs, ra gavlenas axdens adamianis profesionalizmi sazogadoebaSi mis mdgomareobaze;

gansazRvravs sakuTar SesaZleblobebs, adgens momavali saqmi-anobis gegmas.

Sedegi miRweulia, Tu moswavle:• CamoTvlis sakuTar miznebs (mag: viyo ganaTlebuli, mdi-

dari, janmrTeli, lamazi, vicxovro usafrTxod da a. S.), romlebic saqmianobasTan/SromasTan aris dakavSirebuli. msjelobs maT realurobasa da miRwevis gzebze. miznebis ganxorcielebis gzebs akavSirebs Sesabamis movaleobebTan;

• sakuTari SesaZleblobebisa da miznebis analizis safuZvel-ze asaxelebs saqmianobis im sferos, romelsac savaraudod ukavSirebs sakuTar momaval moRvaweobas. jgufSi gamoav-lens Tanamoazreebs, romlebTan erTadac agrovebs infor-macias am sferos Sesaxeb da misi mimoxilvis Semdeg akeTebs ganacxads mini-proeqtisTvis `Cemi momavali profesia da winsvla~;

• maswavleblis daxmarebiT, jgufTan erTad saxavs im gzebs, romlebic daexmareba mas profesiis arCevanis gakeTebaSi,

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rac gulisxmobs: informaciis moZiebisa da analizis eta-pebs, vadebs, gamosayenebli meTodebis (mag: gamokiTxva, in-terviu, adgilze gacnoba da a.S.) gansazRvras;

• maswavlebelTan da TanamoazreTa jgufTan erTad ganixi-lavs Sesaswavl sagnebs, arkvevs maT mniSvnelobebs. gam-oyofs im saswavlo disciplinebs, romlebic daexmareba dasaxul profesiul winsvlaSi.

• sakuTari SesaZleblobebisa da miswrafebebis analizis safuZvelze wers Txzulebas - argumentirebul esses: `ro-gor mesaxeba Cemi momavali kariera~ (dasaxuli miznebi da maTi miRwevis gzebi, sasurveli da gardauvali movlenebi, misi Canafiqris Sesabamisoba sazogadoebriv interesebTan); Txzulebas warudgens Tanajgufelebs.

akavSirebs Tavisufali pirovnebisa da aqtiuri moqalaqis Tvisebebs.

Sedegi miRweulia, Tu moswavle:• gamoyofs msgavs niSnebs pirovnebis Tavisuflebisa da moqa-

laqis aqtiurobidan;• akavSirebs adamianis uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs saqarT-

velos moqalaqis movaleobebTan;• msjelobs sazogadoebaSi Tavisufali pirovnebis aqtiuri

moqalaqeobisaTvis aucilebel pirobebze.

mimarTuleba: mdgradi ganviTareba

afasebs adamianisa da sazogadoebis rols socialuri proble-mebis gadawyvetaSi.

Sedegi miRweulia, Tu moswavle:• sakuTar dasaxlebaSi gamoyofs sxvadasxva socialur umci-

resobebs (mag:, martoxela moxucebi, invalidebi, miusafari bavSvebi, imigrantebi da a.S.). msjelobs sazogadoebaSi am adamianebisadmi arsebuli ganwyobebis Taviseburebebze;


29

• gamoyofs misi azriT, saqarTveloSi, yvelaze daucvel so-cialur jgufebs da msjelobs sazogadoebis mxridan maTi daxmarebis SesaZleblobebze. asabuTebs sakuTar mosazre-bas;

• msjelobs imaze, Tu ra wvlilis Setana SeuZlia mas/ojaxs/skolas/Tems qarTul sazogadoebaSi jansaRi dRis reJimis ideis popularizaciisaTvis;

• msjelobs sazogadoebaSi sigaretis da alkoholis upasux-ismgeblo moxmarebasTan dakavSirebuli riskebisa da Tam-baqos moxmarebis problemis daZlevis saqmeSi sakuTar wv-lilze;

• irCevs im socialur jgufs, romelsac, misi azriT, danarCe-ni sazogadoebis Tanadgoma sWirdeba. gamoavlens am jgufis saerTo miznebsa da amocanebs. TanatolebTan erTad gegmavs am socialuri jgufis (an konkretuli warmomadgenlebis) dasaxmarebel RonisZiebebs;

• aRwers Tu ra wvlilis Setana SeuZlia mas sazogadoebaSi narkotikuli saSualebebis avadmoxmarebasTan dakavSirebu-li riskebis gacnobierebasa da narkotikebis aralegaluri brunvis problemis daZlevis saqmeSi;

• msjelobs imaze, Tu ra wvlilis Seetana SeuZlia mas sazoga-doebaSi araZaladobrivi urTierTobebis damkvidrebis saqmeSi. ojaxSi, skolaSi, TemSi urTierpativiscemasa da adamianis uflebebis dacvaze dafuZnebuli urTierTobebis damkvidrebis saqmeSi;

• wers Txzulebas socialuri daavadebebis (mag: alkoholiz-mi, narkomania, Sidsi, tuberkulozi da a.S.) mqone adamian-ebisadmi danarCeni sazogadoebis wevrTa damokidebulebis Sesaxeb, sadac asabuTebs sakuTar pozicias mis mier aRwer-ili urTierTobis samarTlianobis Sesaxeb;

• monawileobs diskusiaSi `ra SegviZlia SevmatoT Cvens sofels/dabas/qalaqs?~, romlis mizania Sesabamisi saWiroe-bebisa da TanatolTa SesaZleblobebis dazusteba. Sei-muSavebs sakuTar samoqmedo gegmas, romelsac SeaTanxmebs TanatolebTan. dagegmil aqtivobebSi TamaSobs misTvis gamo yofil rols;

30


aanalizebs mravalferovan sazogadoebaSi samarTliani urTierTobis faqtorebs.


• Tavisi jgufis magaliTze msjelobs adamianis pirovnul da sazogadoebriv interesebze. gamoyofs im saerTo intere-sebs, romelTa gaTvaliswineba aucilebelia sazogadoebri-vi TanxmobisTvis;

• ganmartavs Tanasworobas da mohyavs Sesabamisi magaliTebi;• axasiaTebs sazogadoebaSi samarTliani urTierTobebis pi-

robebs da maT ukavSirebs mravalferovan niSnebs;• erTmaneTTan akavSirebs Tanasworobis principsa da urT-

ierTobaTa samarTlianobis normebs;• TanatolebTan erTad, sakuTari dakvirvebebis safuZvelze,

SearCevs da gaiTamaSebs romelime konfliqtur situacias, ganixilavs misi mogvarebis SesaZlo gzebs, (mag: interesebis poziciidan, wesebis poziciidan), airCevs mocemuli SemTxvevi-saTvis yvelaze efeqtur gzas, asabuTebs sakuTar mosazrebas.

• irCevs romelime bolodroindel konfliqts (mag. sakuTari gamocdilebidan, klasSi momxdars, masmediis saSualebiT gaxmaurebuls an sxva) Tanaklaselebis jgufTan erTad ga-nixilavs mas. gansazRvravs konfliqtis romel jgufs mie-kuTvneba mis mier SerCeuli SemTxveva (RirebulebiTi, in-formaciuli, urTierTdamokidebulebiTi, instituciuri, interesta), gamoyofs konfliqtSi monawile mxareebis mo-qmedebebs da jgufTan erTad msjelobs mis gamomwvev mize-zebze da misi mogvarebis gzebze;

• msjelobs TanatolebisaTvis aqtualur sakiTxebze (mego-broba, mSobelTan urTierToba, prfesiis arCeva da a.S), gamijnavs mocemul sakiTxTan dakavSirebul sxvadasxva poziciebis Zlier da sust mxareebs.


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ganixilavs saqarTvelos mdgradi ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebs.


• sakuTari dasaxlebis magaliTze CamoTvlis adamianis sxva-dasxva saqmianobas, romlebic Semosavlis misaRebad xor-cieldeba da ajgufebs maT saqonlis warmoebisa Tu mom-saxurebis mixedviT. TiToeul saqmianobas Seusabamebs gamoyenebuli resursebis tipebs (mag: bunebrivi, adamianuri, kapitaluri);

• TanatolTa jgufTan erTad SearCevs da Camowers ramde-nime kanonsa da sakonstitucio debulebas, romelTa dac-vac uzrunvelyofs sazogadoebriv wesrigsa da usafrTxo cxovrebis pirobebs (mag: skola, ojaxi, ubani, qalaqi da a.S.);

• monawileobs diskusiaSi kanonis uzenaesobis aucileblobi-sa da kanonierebis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb.

• monawileobs debatebSi `romeli wesebia ufro Zlieri - dawerili Tu dauwereli?~; sakuTar pozicias asabuTebs konkretuli magaliTebis (Tanamedrove sinamdvilidan, mx-atvruli literaturidan an istoriidan) moSveliebiT da Sefasebisas gamoyofs kriteriumebs, romlebsac is eyrd-noba;

• msjelobs, rogor moiqceva misi uflebebis darRvevis Sem-TxvevaSi da xsnis, ratom unda gauwios angariSi sxvis Tavi-suflebebs sakuTari uflebebis dacvisas;

• msjelobs sxvadasxva socialuri garemos (mag: samegobro, samezoblo, profesiuli da sazogadoebrivi gaerTianebebi) Camoyalibebisa da mdgradobis ganmsazRvrel faqtorebze (mag: saerTo Rirebulebebi, interesebi, Tvisebebi, piro-bebi, miswrafebebi da a.S.). msjelobs im niSan-Tvisebebze, romelic damaxasiaTebelia saqarTvelosTvis. paralelebs avlebs sxva qveynebTan.

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mimarTuleba: mmarTveloba

ganixilavs saqarTvelos moqalaqis konstituciur uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs, movaleobebsa da pasuxismgeblobebs.


• aRwers saqarTvelos moqalaqeobis safuZvlebsa da piro-bebs;

• monawileobs diskusiaSi ̀ ra moxdeboda yvelas rom hqondes mxolod ufleba da ar gaaCndes movaleoba? saWiroa Tu ara pasuxismgebloba da risTvis?~;

• adarebs saqarTvelos moqalaqis konstituciur uflebeb-sa da Tavisuflebebs adamianis uflebebis saerTaSoriso deklaraciis debulebebTan;

• msjelobs saqarTveloSi moqalaqeTa Tanasworuflebiano-bis garantiebze;

• adgens asakobriv drois xazs, romelzedac miuTiTebs saqa-rTvelos moqalaqis ZiriTad uflebebs, movaleobebsa da Se-sabamis pasuxismgeblobebs;

• saqarTvelos moqalaqis ufleba-movaleobebs ajgufebs maTi ganxorcielebis pirobebis mixedviT (mag: sakmarisia moqa-laqis neba, sakmarisia sazogadoebrivi SeTanxmeba, aucile-belia saxelmwifos moqmedeba).

ganixilavs kanonis uzenaesobis mniSvnelobas

saxelmwifosTvis

Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle:

• msjelobs sazogadoebaSi sxvadasxva normisa da kanonis ar-sebobis aucileblobis Sesaxeb;

• monawileobs diskusiaSi `ratom arRveven bavSvebi kanons?~; msjelobs arasrulwlovan damnaSaveTa uflebebsa da maTi


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dacvis sakanonmdeblo garantiebze. wers Temas: ̀ ras vurCev-di Tanatols~;

• msjelobs sxvadasxva tipis (mag: qurdoba, mkvleloba, ko-rufcia, diskriminacia, TaRliToba, Zaladoba da sxva) dana-Saulis gamomwvev mizezebsa da maTi Semcirebis gzebze;

• msjelobs kanonis uzenaesobis mniSvnelobaze TiToeuli mo-qalaqis interesebisTvis (mag.: wesrigi, patiosani urTier-Toba, adamianis uflebaTa dacva, samarTlianoba da sxva). mohyavs Sesabamisi magaliTebi sakuTari dakvirvebebidan;

• monawileobs saklaso diskusiaSi: `aqvs Tu ara Cvens sazoga-doebas kanonierebis kultura?~; afasebs sazogadoebis damokidebulebas am sakiTxisadmi sakuTar dasaxlebaSi (an qveyanaSi). msjelobs moqalaqeebis, sakanonmdeblo da samarTaldamcavi organoebis urTierTkavSirze. wers klas-Si gamarTuli diskusiis oqms an angariSs;

• msjelobs, rogor moiqceva misi uflebebis darRvevis Sem-TxvevaSi da xsnis, ratom unda gauwios angariSi sxvis Tavi-suflebebs sakuTari uflebebis dacvisas;

• CamoTvlis sazogadoebaSi moqmed `dauwerel kanonebsa~ da wesebs, msjelobs warmoadgenen Tu ara isini moralur normebs, moiZiebs msgavs `dauwerel kanonebsa~ da wesebs sxva dasxva xalxis kulturaSi; adarebs maT erTmaneTTan da afasebs, ramdenad misaRebia isini misTvis;

• TanatolebTan erTad SeimuSavebs da icavs jgufSi samar-Tliani urTierTobebis/qcevis wesebs;

• ganmartavs, ras niSnavs samarTali da asaxelebs im kanonebs, romlebic Seesabameba mis zneobriv Rirebulebebs;

• xsnis, Tu ratom evaleba pirovnebas kanonis dacva. asaxe-lebs im saSiSroebebs, rac mosdevs adamianis (gansakuTrebiT arasrulwlovanis) arakanonier moqmedebas.

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moswavle axasiaTebs saqarTvelos saxelmwifos mowyobasa da mmarTvelobas.


• msjelobs ganxsvavebebze centralur da adgilobriv xe-lisuflebas Soris;

• TanatolebTan erTad ajgufebs xelisuflebis sxvadasxva Stoebs (aRmasrulebeli, sakanonmdeblo da sasamarTlo) da ganasxvavebs maT funqciebs;

• irCevs erT-erT saxelmwifo organos da ukavSirebs mas xe-lisuflebis Sesabamis Stos. ganixilavs am organos fun-qciebs da mis kavSirs xelisuflebis sxva organoebTan;

• adgens sakuTar dasaxlebaSi gadasaWrel sakiTxTa nusxas da Sesabamisad asaxelebs xelisuflebis im warmomadgenels, romelTanac unda moxdes pirveli mimarTva sakiTxTa gada-saWrelad. asabuTebs sakuTar daskvnas (Stosa da donis/in-stanciis mixedviT);

• jgufTan erTad irCevs romelime saxelmwifo organos (mag: gamgeoba/meria, parlamenti, sasamarTlo, saministro da a.S.) da monawileobs Sesabamis simulaciur TamaSSi `samsax-uris erTi dRe~;

• ganixilavs xelisuflebis erT-erTi organos (mag: parlamen-ti, prezidenti, qalaqis meri, TviTmmarTvelobis organo, mosamarTle da a.S.) arCevis wesebs. adarebs saqarTvelosa da sxva qveynis magaliTs. gamoyofs, misi azriT, maT Soris ufro samarTlian wess;

• jgufTan erTad moiZiebs informacias romelime arCeviTi Tanamdebobis an organos (mag.: skolis direqtori, deputa-ti, meri an sxva) Sesaxeb da simulaciur arCevnebSi asrulebs misTvis gankuTvnil rols (mag.: amomrCeveli, kandidati, mx-ardamWeri, damkvirvebeli, Jurnalisti, samarTaldamcavi an sxva). erTmaneTs adarebs navaraudeb da miRebul Sedegebs, ris safuZvelzec TanaklaselebTan erTad afasebs TiToeu-li monawilis rols/funqcias;


35

• CamoTvlis saxelmwifos demokratiulobis principebs (mag: xelisuflebis danawileba da warmomadgelobiTiba, mraval-partiuloba, sityvis Tavisufleba da a.S.) da TiToeulis mixedviT axasiaTebs saqarTvelos saxelmwifos mmarTvelo-bas. adarebs romelime sxva demokratiul saxelmwifos. an-alizis safuZvelze akeTebs daskvnas, Tu romeli mmarTv-elobaa ufro demokratiuli.

moswavle ikvlevs saqarTvelos moqalaqis sazogadoebriv-politikur cxovrebaSi monawileobis formebsa da saSualebebs.


• drois xazze aRniSnavs im etapebs, rodesac moipova misT-vis mniSvnelovani ufleba da gauCnda gansakuTrebuli movaleoba. imave xazze aRniSnavs etapebs, rodesac mas gan-sxvavebuli (damatebiTi an gafarToebuli) ufleba-mova-leobebi gauCndeba (mag: marTvis, arCevnebSi monawileobis, daojaxebis, samxedro samsaxuri da a.S.); wers esses: `Cemi uflebebi da movaleobebi~.

• monawileobs skolis ganviTarebasTan (mag: swavlis xarisxi, teqnikuri aRWurviloba, Semosavlebis zrda, monawileoba erovnul Tu saerTaSoriso proeqtebSi da a.S) dakavSire-bul saklaso diskusiaSi, konkretulad gamoTqvams da icavs sakuTar pozicias.

• irCevs misTvis an romelime socialuri jgufisTvis aq-tualur konkretul problemas (mag: ganaTlebis miReba, dasaqmeba, adamianis uflebis darRveva, samoqalaqo dava, sagadasaxado konfliqti, socialuri usafrTxoeba, janmr-Telobisa da garemos dacva, politikuri an religiuri dis-kriminacia da a.S.). moipovebs informacias, romlis analizis safuZvelze wers konkretuli problemis gadaWris gegmas (SesaZloa ramdenime variants) mxareTa uflebebis dacvisa da kanonieri moqmedebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. gansazRvravs

36


sakuTar rols problemis mogvarebaSi, ikrebs Tanamoazree-bs da moqmedebs gegmis Sesabamisad. afasebs sakuTari monaw-ileobis efeqtianobas da Sedegebs uziarebs Tanaklaselebs;

• SearCevs romelime konkretul konfliqtur situacias mo-qalaqeTa cxovrebidan (socialuri, ekonomikuri an politi-kuri). Seiswavlis Seqmnil viTarebasa da mxareTa interesebs. TanatolebTan erTad gaiTamaSebs aRniSnul situacias da misi gadaWris alternatiul variantebs. msjelobs am gzebis avkargianobaze da megobrebTan erTad saxavs konfliqtis gadaWris samarTlebrivi gegmas.

moswavle aanalizebs moqalaqeebis rols qveynis demokratiaSi.


• maswavlebelTan da TanatolebTan erTad adgens uflebebisa da movaleobebis nusxas, romelic saswavlo wlis manZilze maTTvis savaldebulo xasiTs iZens;

• msjelobs saqarTvelos konstituciiT miniWebul uflebeb-sa da movaleobebze da adamianis uflebebis saerTaSoriso deklaraciiT miniWebul uflebebsa da movaleobebze da adarebs erTmaneTs;

• saqarTvelos an sxva qveynis istoriidan asaxelebs mov-lenebs, rodesac saxelmwifo mmarTvelobaSi cvlilebebi moxda sazogadoebis zegavleniT. afasebs am movlenebis Sedegebs demokratiis mSeneblobaSi winsvlis (an ukusvlis) TvalsazrisiT;

• axasiaTebs demokratiis ZiriTad principebs da ukavSirebs maT adamianis uflebebsa da movaleobebs. misTvis cnobili saerTaSoriso dokumentebis debulebebis meSveobiT asabu-Tebs sakuTar mosazrebas (mag: adamianis uflebaTa sayovel-Tao deklaracia, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia, bavSvTa uflebebis dacvis konvencia da sxva);

• saqarTvelos konstituciaSi moiZiebs muxlebs, romlebic saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa saarCevno uflebebs exeba. maTi


37

gaanalizebis safuZvelze msjelobs maT Sesabamisobaze de-mokratiuli da samarTliani arCevnebis principebTan (mag: sayovelTaoba, pirdapiroba, kenWisyris faruloba, Tanas-woroba). sakuTari skolis, dasaxlebis an regionis magali-Tze afasebs sxvadasxva saarCevno (mag: maJoritaruli, pro-porciuli da a.S.) sistemebs moqalaqis uflebebis dacvis pozciidan;

• irCevs mniSvnelovan movlenas sazogadoebriv-politikuri cxovrebidan da Tanaklaselebis jgufTan erTad ganixilavs am movlenaSi adamianTa monawileobis motivacias, SesaZle-blobebsa da xarisxs. Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi dokumentebis analizis safuZvelze wers rekomendaciebs sazogadoebrivi Tanamonawileobis wasaxaliseblad.

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sakiTxTa CamonaTvali

1. adamianis moTxovnilebebi da SesaZleblobebi;

2. adamiani sxvadasxva socialur jgufSi;

3. ojaxuri valdebulebebi da pasuxismgebloba;

4. TviTSefaseba, mizandasaxuloba da miRweva;

5. srulwlovaneba, axali SesaZleblobebis da pasuxismgeblobebi;

6. profesionalizmi da pirovnebis ganviTareba;

7. TviTSefaseba, mizandasaxuloba da miRweva;

8. ganaTlebis miRebisa da profesiuli momzadebis SesaZleblobebi;

9. sakuTari cxovrebis dagegmva;

10. Tanasworoba, Tanabari SesaZleblobebi - umravlesoba da umciresoba;

11. konfliqtis ganviTarebisa da misi mogvarebis gzebi;

12. samarTliani samyaro da mSvidobiani Tanaarseboba;

13. sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoeba da misi komponentebi;

14. usafrTxo da jansaRi garemo;

15. demokratiis safuZvlebi da misi mniSvneloba sazogadoebis cxovrebaSi;

16. saqarTvelos konstitucia: saxelmwifos mowyoba, mmarT-veloba da saqarTvelos moqalaqis maxasiaTeblebi;

17. samagaliTo moqalaqe da Rirseuli cxovreba;

18. mravalferovani saqarTvelo da mravalferovani samyaro;

19. moqalaqis monawileoba sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi;

20. samarTali da morali;

21. samarTlianoba, kanoniereba da marTlwesrigi;

22. Tavisufali sazogadoeba da arCevani;

23. demokratiuli mmarTvelobis principebi da modelebi;

24. moqalaqe da moxele - pasuxismgeblobaTa ganawileba;

25. Tavisufali samoqalaqo sazogadoebis safuZvlebi;

26. sazogadoebrivi azri, gadawyvetilebebi da maTi miRebis


39

formebi;

27. monawileobis kultura: SesaZleblobebi, formebi da meqanizmebi;

28. gamWvirvaloba da sajarooba;

29. adamianis uflebebis dacvis saSualebebi: Tavisufali, samarTliani sasamarTlo da samarTaldamcavebi;

30. sazogadoebrivi dakveTa da saxelmwifo valdebulebebi.

swavla-swavlebis ZiriTadi midgomebi

da meTodologia

skolis da maswavleblis mniSvneloba samoqalaqo aRzrdaSi

moswavleebis, maTi mSoblebis, maswavleblebis, direq-ciisa Tu garemomcveli sazogadoebis aqtiuri monawileoba ganapirobebs miznebis (zogadi ganaTlebis) miRwevis xarisxsa da warmatebulobas,9 naTqvamia `zogadi ganaTlebis erovnul miznebSi~. mniSvnelovania, rom ganaTlebis muSakebma, poli-tikosebma da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis wevrebma mxari dauWiron samoqalaqo aRzrdas sazogadoebis yvela segmentis, institutebis farTo speqtrisa da xelisuflebis saSualebiT.

swavla aqtiuri procesia da am process yvela moswavle gan-sxvavebulad udgeba. yvela maswavleblis movaleobaa, Seuqmnas moswavleebs iseTi saswavlo garemo da misces iseTi davale-bebi, romelic maT swavlis procesSi daexmareba.10

samoqalaqo ganaTlebis xelSemwyobi garemo moicavs ndo-bis atmosferos, partniorTa Soris dadebiTi urTierTobis formebs, urTierTpativiscemisa da Rirsebis gafrTxilebis,

9 ზოგადი განათლების ეროვნული მიზნები, 2004.10 ცხოვრება დემოკრატიულ საზოგადოებაში, სწავლება დემოკრატიული მოქალაქეობისა და ადამიანის უფლებების შესახებ - საგაკვეთილო გეგმები ზოგადსაგანმანათლებლო სკოლის საბაზო საფეხურისთვის, მე-3 წიგნი, ‘მასწავლებელთა პროფესიული განვითარების ცენტრი, 2009.

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adamianis uflebebis dacvisa da pasuxismgeblobebis gasigrZe-ganebis, gulwrfeli urTierTobebisa da TviTgamoxatvisTvis keTilganwyobili garemos, mastimulirebel saswavlo situa-ciebis Seqmnas, rac moswavleTa Sinagani da garegani samyaros dakavSirebiT SemoqmedebiTi swavlis gzebis povnaSi gvexmareba.

maswavlebels udidesi gavlena aqvs klasze, Tu misi qceva Rirseuli, eTikuri da gulwrfeli zrunvis gamomxatvelia. maswavleblis rolidan gamomdinare sazogadoebaSi, misi qce-vis maRal standatrebs moelian rogorc saklaso oTaxSi, ise mis gareT.

kargi maswavleblisTvis aucilebeli Taviseburebebis an faqtorebis CamoTvlam SesaZloa SegvzRudos da CarCoSi mogvaqcios. swavleba Zalze rTuli saqmianobaa, romelic codnasa da unar-CvevebTan erTad pedagogiur ganwyobas, saR azrsa da Tanaziarobis unars moiTxovs.

Tanamedrove garemos dinamikuri bunebidan gamomdinare, maswavlebels ar aqvs statikuri roli, erT dRes SesaZlebe-lia codnis gadamcemi iyos, xolo meore dRes - msmeneli da TanamgrZnobeli. tradiciuli urTierTobis aseTi modeli: maswavlebeli codnis gadamcemi, xolo moswavle - mimRebi, - swavlebis Tanamedrove kriteriumebs veRar akmayofilebs. isi-ni arian swavlebis procesis Tanabaruflebiani monawileebi.

`maswavlebelTa kompetenciebis CarCo~ gvTavazobs im aspeqtebis CamonaTvals, romelsac samoqalaqo ganaTlebis (da ara marto) maswavleblis kompetencia unda moicavdes:• codna;• damokidebulebebi da qcevebi (codna imisa, Tu rogor unda

moiqce mocemul konteqstSi da ratom unda moiqce ase);• ganwyobebi (cvlilebebisaTvis mzaoba, motivaciis grZnoba);• proceduruli unarebi (codna imisa, Tu rogor Seasrulo

samuSao);• SemecnebiTi unarebi (kritikuli azrovneba da analizi);• gamocdilebaze dafuZnebuli unarebi (codna imisa, Tu ro-


41

gor unda moaxdino konkretul SemTxvevaze reagireba ar-sebul informaciaze dayrdnobiTa da socialuri unarebis gamoyenebiT).11

ormagi standartebis safrTxis Tavidan asacileblad aranakleb mniSvnelovania yuradRebis gamaxvileba im faseu-lobebsa da principebze, romelic moswavlis uaxloesi kon-teqstebisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli. Tu swavlebis procesSi magaliTis (usityvo swavlebis) Zalasa da mniSvnelobas gaviT-valiswinebT, yuradRebiT da sifrTxiliT unda movekidoT im garemos samoqalaqo Rirebulebebs, romelSic moswavles ux-deba cxovreba da urTierToba (ix.sqema #1 `moswavlis uax-loesi konteqstebi~). sqema, mogvianebiT samoqalaqo swavlebis zogadi organizebis TvalsaCinod warmodgenaSic dagvexmareba.

samoqalaqo aRzrdis mniSvnelovani nawili SeiZleba iyos sazogadoebrivi Sroma, romelic integrirebuli unda iyos skolis rogorc formalur, ise araformalur saswavlo gegmaSi. is swavlebis xelSemwyob faqtorad unda gamoviy-enoT. skolam moswavleebs, ara mxolod, sakuTari skolisa da sazogadoebis samsaxuris SesaZleblobebi unda gaacnos, aramed sazogadoebrivi saqmianobis SesrulebisTvisac unda moamzados. maT unda SevuqmnaT rogorc xelmZRvanelobis, TviTmmarTvelobis, sazogadoebrivi saqmianobis, ise sakuTar gamocdilebaze refleqsiis regularuli SesaZleblobebi.12

11 პ. ბრეტი, პ. მომპოინტ-გელარდი, მ. ე. სალემა, მასწავლებელთა კომპეტენციების ჩარჩო, რა უნდა გააკეთოს თითოეულმა მასწავლებელმა სამოქალაქო განათლებისა და ადამიანი უფლებების შესახებ სწავლების ხელშესაწყობად, ‘მასწავლებელთა პროფესიული განვითარების ცენტრი’, 2009, გვ. 11-12.12 Margaret Stimmann Branson,The Role of Civic Education, 1998

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sqema #1: moswavlis uaxloesi konteqstebi

swavlebis mimarTulebebi

demokratiuli moqalaqeobis swavleba saskolo kulturis ganuyofeli komponentia, radgan warmoadgens sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi CarTvisa da urTierTobebis damyarebis saSuale-bas.13

13 პ. ბრეტი, პ. მომპოინტ-გელარდი, მ. ე. სალემა, მასწავლებელთა კომპეტენციების ჩარჩო, რა უნდა გააკეთოს თითოეულმა მასწავლებელმა სამოქალაქო განათლებისა და ადამიანი უფლებების შესახებ სწავლების ხელშესაწყობად, ‘მასწავლებელთა პროფესიული განვითარების ცენტრი’, 2009, გვ. 17.

me

Cemi ojaxi

Cemi klasi

Cemi skola

Cemi qveyana


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mimarTulebebis Camoyalibebas martividan rTulisken, konkretulidan zogadisken principi daedo safuZvlad. sa-mive mimarTuleba erTaderTi saerTo miznis - moqalaqed formirebis mizans emsaxureba. maTi mocemuli saxiT warmod-genis arsi miznisken savali gzis - swavla/swavlebis gamartive-baa. es mimarTulebebi, romlebic imavdroulad samoqalaqo sazogadoebis safuZvelic aris asea warmodgenili: pirovnuli ganviTareba, mdgradi ganviTareba, mmarTveloba.

pirovnuli ganviTareba individualuri TviTganviTarebi-sa da sxvebis ganviTarebis procesia. individualur doneze pirovnuli ganviTareba moicavs im miznebs, gegmebsa da qmede-bebs, romlebic mimarTulia Semdegi amocanis/ebis Sesrule-baze:

•TviTanalizis ganviTareba;•TviTcodnis ganviTareba;•identobis Zieba an ganaxleba;•SesaZleblobebis an niWis ganviTareba;•potencialis gansazRvra da ganviTareba;•adamianuri kapitalis ganviTareba;•cxovrebis xarisxis amaRleba;•pirovnuli ganviTarebis gegmis gansazRvra da Sesrule-

ba.14

mdgradi ganviTareba - cvlilebaTa procesia, romelSic bunebrivi resursebis moxmareba, investiciebi, mecnierul-teqnikuri ganviTareba, pirovnebis ganviTareba da instituci-uri cvlilebebi urTierTSeTanxmebulia. is amyarebs adamianis moTxovnilebebisa da miswrafebebis dasakmayofileblad saWiro awmyo da samomavlo potencials. garkveulwilad saubaria adamianTa cxovrebis xarisxis uzrunvelyofaze.15 ufro xSirad mdgrad ganviTarebas ganmartaven, rogorc `ganviTarebas, romelic awmyos moTxovnebs imgvarad akmayofilebs, rom momaval Taobebs ar arTmevs moTxovnaTa dakmayofilebis SesaZleblobas~.16 14 http��en.�i�ipedia.org��i�i�Personal�development http��en.�i�ipedia.org��i�i�Personal�development15 http��en.�i�ipedia.org��i�i�Sustainable�development http��en.�i�ipedia.org��i�i�Sustainable�development16 United Nations. 1987. United Nations. 1987.`Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development.` General Assembly Resolution 42�187, 11 December 1987. Retrieved� 2007-04-12; Smith, Charles; Rees, Gareth (1998). Economic Development, 2nd edition. Basingstoke: Macmillan. ISBN 0333722280

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mmarTveloba marTvis aqtivobaa. is ukavSirdeba im gadawyvetilebebs (individualur, ojaxis, Temis, qveynis do-neze), romlebic gansazRvravs molodinebs, Zalauflebis mini-Webas an saqmianobis kontrols. is moicavs damoukidebel an menejmentisa da liderobis procesebis specifikur nawils.17

swavlebis Sedegad moswavles unda ganuviTardes samoqa-laqo kompetenciis sami urTierTdakavSirebuli komponenti: moqalaqeobis codna, moqalaqeobis unar-Cvevebi da moqa-laqeobrivi damokidebulebebi. amis Sesaxeb detalur infor-macias ixilavT qveTavSi `samoqalaqo kompetenciebi~.

samoqalaqo aRzrdis meTodologia

meTodologia eyrdnoba gregori beiTsonis `adamiani-gare-mos~ sistemis logikuri doneebis koncefcias da Sesabamis meTodologiur sqemas. beiTsonis Tanaxmad, adamiani sakuTriv da mis garSemo arsebuli fizikuri, socialuri Tu geo-politikuri sinam dvile SesaZloa ganvixiloT, rogorc er-

17 http��en.�i�ipedia.org��i�i�Governance http��en.�i�ipedia.org��i�i�Governance


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Tiani sistema, romelsac sxvadasxva erTmaneTTan logikurad dakavSire buli doneebi gaaCnia. am doneebis urTierTmimarTeba Cvens SemTxvevaSi Semdegnairad SeiZleba warmovadginoT: imis mixedviT, Tu ra aris samoqmedo mizani, SesaZloa gansxvave-buli masStabisa da zogadobis doneebi gamovyoT, mag., zemoT moyvanili sqemisagan gansxvavebiT, SesaZloa sqemaSi CavrToT `ojaxi~, ̀ Temi~, ̀ sazogadoeba~, da a.S. amdenad, beiTsonis sqema ar warmoadgens dogmas. midgomis plusi swored misi moqnilo-baa.

maswvleblis/aRmzrdelis muSaobis principebi18

saaRmzrdelo muSaoba Semdeg principebs unda emyarebodes:• aRzrdis mTlianoba - saaRmzrdelo muSaoba mimarTuli unda

iyos pirovnebis fizikuri, fsiqikuri, socialuri da suli-eri ganviTarebisaken. saaRmzrdelo muSaobis mTavari prin-cipi fizikurad da fsiqikurad jansaRi moqalaqis aRzrdaa.

• Semoqmedi, aqtiuri pirovnebis aRzrda - yvela bavSvi uni-kaluria. isini dajildoebulni arian gansxvavebuli niWi-Ta da SesaZleblobebiT. Sesabamisad, maswavleblis/aRmz-rdelis funqciaa moswavlis Sinagani Zalebis aqtivacia da maTi niWisa da SesaZleblobebis gamovlenisaTvis saTanado pirobebis Seqmna.

• moswavleTa CarTuloba - es principi xels uwyobs moswav-leebSi pasuxismgeblobisa da valdebulebis grZnobis ganvi-Tarebas. maswavleblma/aRmzrdelma moswavleTa CarTulo-bis xelSesawyobad saSualeba unda misces maT monawileoba miiRon aqtivobebis (zeimebi, laSqrobebi, eqskursiebi da sxv.) dagegmvasa da am dros wamoWrili problemebis mogva-rebaSi. damrigebelma maqsimalurad unda gaiTvaliswinos moswavleTa interesebi. amgvari CarTuloba moswavleebs gamoumuSavebs iseT unar-Cvevebs, romlebic daexmareba maT damoukideblad moagvaron cxovrebaSi wamoWrili sirTu-leebi da xels Seuwyobs Tavisufali pirovnebis formire-bas.

18 ნინო ლაბარტყავა და სხვ., ესგშც, 2010წ. - სადამრიგებლო საათის პროგრამა.

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• TanamSromlobis principi - maswavleblis/aRmzrdelis urT-ierToba moswavleebTan unda emyarebodes TanamSromlobas, urTierTpativiscemasa da urTierTndobas. maswavleblis/aRmzrdelis muSaobis mizani unda iyos jgufSi TanamSrom-lobiTi garemos Seqmna.

ra aris interaqtiuri swavleba?

interaqtiuri swavleba aris Tanamedrove saganmanaTle-blo midgoma, romelic eyrdnoba maswavleblisa da moswavlis axali rolebis Ziebasa da humanizmis principebs. is miznad isaxavs maswavlebelze orientirebuli avtoritaruli saswav-lo procesis Secvlas, moswavleze orientirebuli saswavlo procesiT, romelic iTvaliswinebs am ukanasknelis intereseb-sa da moTxovnilebebs. interaqtiur swavlebas Semoaqvs peda-gogikaSi swavlebis da codnis Sefasebis axali strategiebi.

aqedan gamomdinare, icvleba swavlebis mizani. igi orien-tirebuli xdeba ara mxolod mza codnis miRebaze, aramed un-ar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebaze.

moswavle interaqtiuri swavlebis subieqtia, misi aqtiuri monawilea. swavlebas safuZvlad edeba moswavlis piradi ga-mocdileba, piradad misi pirovnuli Tvisebebi da codna.

swavlebis procesisadmi es axali midgoma eyrdnoba mniS-vnelovan saganmanaTleblo mimdinareobas - konstruqtivizms. konstruqtivizmis ZiriTadi idea imaSi mdgomareobs, rom vas-wavloT moswavleebs Zveli da axali codnis Sedarebis meSveo-biT axali informaciis Segroveba, daskvnebis damoukideblad gamotana, damoukideblad azrovneba, codnis konstruireba - Seneba.

asxvaveben codnis or saxes: erTi mxriv, aqtiuri swavle-ba-swavlis procesSi konstruirebul, kvleva-Ziebis Sedegad miRebul codnas da meore mxriv, faqtobriv, pasiurad SeZe-nil codnas. rodesac swavleba-swavlis procesi moswavlis kvleviTi interesebisaken aris mimarTuli, moswavles uvi-Tardeba kritikuli da SemoqmedebiTi azrovneba, informaciis mopovebis, problemaTa gadaWris da komunikaciuri unarebi.


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Tanamedrove pedagogikaSi, ZiriTadad, Semdegi swavlis meTodebi gamoiyofa:• konkretuli davalebis daswavla (`teqnologiurad~ agebu-

li gakveTili);• saswavlo-kvleviTi saqmianoba (axali codnis Zieba; axali

gamocdilebis, unar-Cvevebis aTviseba);• TamaSis organizeba (situaciuri modelireba, roluri

TamaSebi);• diskusia (dialogi, komunikacia).

teqnologiuri swavlebis meTodebi

XX saukuneSi msoflio pedagogika cdilobda saswavlo procesis teqnologizacias, rac gulisxmobda saswavlo pro-cesis teqnikuri saSualebebiT organizebas.

amJamad, teqnologiuri swavlebis meTodebi ar gulisxmobs mxolod saswavlo procesSi teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyene-bas. is moicavs saswavlo procesis konstruirebas, rac niSnavs:

• Sedegze orientirebuli konkretuli saswavlo miznebis dasaxvas;

• dasaxuli miznebis Sesabamisad saswavlo masalebis momza-debas;

• saswavlo procesSi mimdinare Sedegebis Sefasebas; • saswavlo procesis saWiroebisamebr koreqcias;• saboloo Sedegebis Sefasebas.

kvleviTi swavlebis meTodebi

swavlebis procesis kvleviTi mimarTuleba gulisxmobs axali codnis konstruirebas, rac xorcieldeba moswavleTa uSualo gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT.

es midgoma ukavSirdeba `Tanamedrove aRzrdis~ evropaSi gavrcelebul mimarTulebasa da amerikul `progresul aRz-rdas~. orive mimarTuleba swavlebis process agebs bavSvebis gamocdilebaze.

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swavlebis aseTi modelis mizania, ara mxolod axali cod-nis SeZena, aramed ukve arsebuli codnis gadamuSavebac. mas-wavlebelma dialogis, warmosaxvis, analogiebis, metaforis da sxva xerxebis gamoyenebiT unda waaxalisos moswavleebi da xeli Seuwyos SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis ganviTarebas.

pedagogiuri garemo xels uwyobs moswavles, damoukide-blad Caswvdes Sesaswavli movlenisa Tu cnebis arss da gadaW-ras mis winaSe arsebuli problema. moswavle, upirveles yov-lisa, gamoyofs problemas, Semdeg dasaxavs misi gadaWris alternatiul gzebs. arsebuli informaciis safuZvelze ikv-levs maT, akeTebs arCevans da gamoaqvs daskvnebi. avlebs para-lels miRebul daskvnebsa da axal monacemebs Soris.

kvleviTi, ZiebiTi mimarTuleba saswavlo procesSi dakav-Sirebulia kritikuli da SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis ganviTa-rebasTan. amisaTvis maswavlebelma saklaso oTaxSi unda Seqm-nas SemoqmedebiTi saswavlo garemo.

swavleba TamaSis meSveobiT

TamaSi rTuli socialur-kulturuli fenomenia. mas mra-vali mecniereba Seiswavlis, maT Soris-pedagogikac.

pedagogiur gamokvlevaTa didi nawili gansakuTrebul mniS-vnelobas aniWebs TamaSis gamoyenebas saswavlo miznebisaTvis. gamoyofen saswavlo procesSi gamoyenebuli TamaSis ramdenime saxes: modelirebas, imitacias da Sejibrs.

didaqtikuri TamaSebiT warmarTul swavlebis procesSi oTxi etapi gamoiyofa:

1. orientacia - maswavlebeli waradgens Sesaswavl Temas, auxsnis TamaSis wesebs. zogadad, mimoixilavs TamaSis mimdin-areobas;

2. momzadeba - maswavlebeli moswavleebs acnobs scenars, TamaSis amocanebs, wesebs, rolebs, sxva procedurebs.

3. TamaSis Catarebis procesi;

4. TamaSis ganxilva - moswavleebi msjeloben TamaSze, mis siZneleebsa da warmatebebze. xdeba imitaciis Sedareba re-alur cxovrebasTan.


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diskusiis saSualebiT swavleba

Tanamedrove didaqtikur meTodebs Soris erT-erTi wa-myvani adgili uWiravs saswavlo diskusias. igi Tavisi arsiT dialogis xasiaTs atarebs. diskusiis meTodi moswavleebs uvi-Tarebs komunikaciis, msjelobis kulturas. diskusiis meSve-obiT SesaZlebelia ideebis, Sexedulebebis, mtkicebulebebis urTierTgacvla WeSmaritebis dasadgenad.

diskusiis swori warmarTvisaTvis aucilebelia misi orga-nizeba da regulireba, diskusiis monawileni unda icavdnen we-sebs, romlebsac maswavlebelTan erTad Tavad Camoayalibeben.

diskusiis warmarTvis ramdenime forma arsebobs. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, diskusia Tavisi arsiT dialogis xasiaTs at-arebs. dialogi urTierTobis saukeTeso formaa, romlis saSu-alebiTac pirovnebebs Soris problemis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia swori gadawyvetilebis povna, ise, rom arc erTi mxare ar dazaraldes.• dialogi aris TanamSromloba, romlis mizania SeTanxmeba;

• dialogis dros erTi mxare usmens meores, raTa mxareebi gaerkvnen da aRmoaCinon gansxvavebebi poziciebs Soris;

• dialogi moiTxovs adamianebisa da maTi ideebis pativisce-mas;

• dialogi iZleva SesaZleblobas Ria komunikaciisaTvis ma-Sin, rodesac moswavleebi ganixilaven problemur sakiTxe-bs.

es meTodi 2000 wlisaa. igi warmoiSva berZnul filoso-fiaSi. misi Tanamedrove saxelwodebaa `kritikuli azrovneba~.

dialogis warmatebiT da Sedegianad warimarTvisaTvis, aucilebelia Semdegi wesebis dacva:1. azrebis gaziarebis dros erTmaneTis pativiscema (SesaZle-

belia ar daeTanxmos sxvis mosazrebas, magram ar aqvs sau-bari Seawyvetinebis ufleba);

2. sakuTari mosazrebis ise gamoxatva rom sxvas Seuracxyofa ar miadges;

3. simarTlis dasabuTebis maqsimaluri mcdeloba (dezinfor-maciis amocnoba da Sesworeba);

4. sakuTari mosazrebis gasagebi eniT gamoxatva.

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maswavleblis valia ar daikavos romelime konkretuli pozicia, aramed diskusia ise warmarTos, rom dialogSi gansax-ilvel sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT konkretuli azri gamoikveTos.

diskusiis CatarebaSi, mas daexmareba sworad dasmuli SekiTxvebi, romelic swor mimarTulebas miscems moswavleTa azrovnebas.

gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom SeiZleba ramdenime sakla-so saaTi daWirdes, vidre diskusiis monawileTa umravlesoba Tavs komfortulad igrZnobs da SeZlebs Tavisi azris Tavisu-flad gadmocemas.

gakveTilze warmoebul dialogs sakmaod didi datvirTva aqvs. mis Casatareblad aucilebelia moswavleebma icodnen dialogis warmarTvis wesebi. maT unda icodnen, rom sakamaTo sakiTxebi SesaZloa ver gadaiWras dialogiT, magram es pro-cesi daexmareba maT ifiqron problemaze, erTmaneTs gauzi-aron Sexedulebebi, azrebi, Caeban debatebSi da xeli Seuwyon urTierTTanamSromlobis atmosferos Sqmnas.

swavlebis efeqturi meTodebi

gonebrivi ieriSi warmoadgens jgufuri SemoqmedebiTi muSa obis meTods, romlis mizania konkretuli problemis gadasaWrelad maqsimaluri raodenobis ideebis Segroveba da ganxilva.

gonebrivi ieriSi gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac ara-vin icis kiTxvaze pasuxi. saWiroa, gansaxilvel sakiTxze rac SesaZlebelia bevri ideisa da mosazrebis Segroveba da jguf-Tan konsensusis safuZvelze sasurveli raodenobis ideebis SerCeva.

gonebrivi ieriSis dros didi raodenobiT ideebi grovdeba, romelTagan sabolood saWiro raodenobis ideebi SeirCeva.

gonebrivi ieriSis procesi sakmaod martivia. Tavdapirve-lad maswavlebeli gamoyofs gansaxilvel Temas da adgens geg-mas. gonebrivi ieriSis dawyebamde aucilebelia jgufSi muS-aobis wesebze SeTanxmeba. magaliTad, yvela idea sworia da yvela maTgani unda iyo ganxiluli. gonebrivi ieriSis proces-


51

Si arafers ganvsjiT da vafasebT; mTavaria ideebis raodenoba da ara xarisxi; monawileebisa da wamyvanebisaTvis yvela idea misaRebia.

moswavleebi dasmuli sakiTxis irgvliv asaxeleben rac Sei-Zleba bevr ideas. maswavlebeli maT dafaze an flipCartze iniSnavs. drois limiti winaswaraa gansazRvruli - magaliTad 10-15 wT.

ideebis daweris Semdeg maswavlebeli maT xmamaRla kiTxu-lobs, ise rom jgufis yvela wevrisaTvis gasagebi iyos; Sem-deg moswavleebi afaseben ideebs davuSavaT 3 an 5 balian ska-laze da msgavs ideebs ajgufeben. sabolood SeirCeva yvelaze sasurveli, maRal qulian ideebi.

rogorc aRvniSneT, gonebrivi ieriSi mihyavs maswavlebels; mas unda SeeZlos kargi mosmena, ukukavSiri da monawileebis waxaliseba ideebis misawodeblad. man xeli unda Seuwyos pro-cesis mimdinareobas, rom rac SeiZleba meti idea da mosazreba Seagrovos. maswavlebeli procesSi neitraluria.

gonebrivi ieriSis Semdeg xdeba Sedegis Sefaseba.gonebrivi ieriSis dros jgufis moswavleebi raodenoba ar

unda iyos Zalian didi, Tumca didi jgufis SemTxvevaSic mas-wavlebelma unda SesZlos yvela moswavlis procesSi CarTva. sasurvelia monawileebi isxdnen wreSi, SesaZlebelia magidis irgvliv, xolo maswavlebeli ise idges jgufis win, rom yve-la mxridan kargad Candes. gonebrivi ieriSis Casatareblad aucilebelia dafa an flipCarti da feradi markerebi.

interaqtiuri mini leqcia aris mcire zomis leqcia, romlis mizania auditoriisaTvis garkveuli informaciis gadacema.

leqcia moswavleebs ufro metad aZlevs codnas da naklebad iZleva unarebis ganviTarebis SesaZleblobas. gasaTvaliswine-belia, rom leqciis dros ufro aqtiuri maswavleblia, xolo moswavleebi SedarebiT pasiur mdgomareobaSi arian.

saleqciod SeiZleba SeirCes nebismieri tipis masala. mas-wavlebelma winaswar unda moamzados Teoriuli da vizual-uri masalebi sxvadasxva wyaroebidan, grafikebi, fotoebi da a.S. raTa leqcia saintereso iyos moswavleebisaTvis. TvalsaC-inoeba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani vizualuri tipis moswav-

52


leebisaTvis, romelTac mxedvelobiTi mexsiereba ukeT aqvs ganviTarebuli.

saleqcio masala logikuri TanamimdevrobiT unda iyos dalagebuli (martividan rTulisaken) da advilad gasagebi unda iyos moswavleebisaTvis; amave dros, is ar iyos gadat-virTuli Zalian bevri gansxvavebuli tipis informaciiT – sasurvelia erTi leqcia erT Temas eTmobodes.

leqciis wakiTxvisas maswavlebelma sasurvelia moswavlee-bi ise ganalagos, rom xeli Seewyos maT aqtiur monawileobas. Sesabamisad, sasurvelia ara frontaluri (rodesac maswavle-beli msmenelis win dgas dafasTan), aramed sadiskusio sti-lis (moswavleebi da maswavlebeli ganlagebuli arian wreSi, magidis irgvliv ise, rom yvela erTmaneTs kargad xedavs da maswavlebels aqvs saSualeba, miuaxlovdes nebismier moswav-les) gamoyeneba. marTalia leqcia swavlebis SedarebiT pasiur formadaa miCneuli, magram maswavlebelma mainc unda waaxal-isos moswavleebi CaerTon leqciis msvlelobaSi da dasvan maTTvis saintereso kiTxvebi. maswavlebelma mudmivad unda iqonios mxedvelobiTi kontaqti auditoriasTan. periodulad Seamowmos, ramdenad usmens auditoria da dasvas Sesabamisi kiTxvebi.

leqciis bolos maswavlebeli daskvnis saxiT ajamebs Ziri-Tad punqtebs.

mini leqciis Catarebas ar sWirdeba gansakuTrebuli mate-rialur-teqnikuri aRWurviloba, Tumca sasurvelia yovelT-vis gamoyenebul iqnas vizualuri masala- grafikebi, foto masala, cxrilebi da a.S. leqcia aseve SeiZleba Catardes ele-qtronuli sademonstracio masalis (slaidebi, video da. a.S.) gamoyenebiT, rasac specialuri aRWurviloba sWirdeba- lep-topi da proeqtori.

diskusia aris interaqtiuri swavlebis erT-erTi meTodi, romlis mizania sxvadasxva midgomis, ideisa Tu problemebis jgufSi ganxilva.

Tu leqciis dros maswavlebeli awvdis moswavleebs infor-macias, diskusiis dros, piriqiT, moswavleebi arian aqtiuri da maswavlebeli iRebs maTgan informacias. rac ufro inten-


53

siuria diskusia, miT ufro efeqturia is. diskusia efeqturi meTodia mTeli rigi unar-Cvevebis Cam-

oyalibebisaTvis: msjeloba, aqtiuri mosmena, gansxvavebuli azris pativiscema, argumentebis Camoyalibeba da sxva. disku-sia SeiZleba kargi motivatori iyos moswavleebisaTvis, raTa maT damoukideblad moiZion informacia sadiskusio Temaze da uSualod diskusiis dros saTanado informacia hqondeT.

sadiskusiod SeiZleba gamoviyenoT nebismieri Tema, rom-lis Sesaxebac gansxvavebuli azri arsebobs. es SeiZleba iyos: mxatvruli nawarmoebi, an amonaridi, ilustracia, mokle fil-mi, melodia da a.S. sadiskusio Temebs axlavs xolme Semde-gi kiTxvebiT: `ratom?~ `rogor?~, `ra moxdeboda?~, `ra aris gadawyveta~ da a.S.

diskusiis dagegmvisas gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom moswav-leebs sadiskusio Temaze sakmarisi codna unda hqondeT, rom SesZlon sakuTari azris gamoTqma, misi dacva an sxvisi azris gakritikeba – winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi diskusia azrs dakar-gavs. diskusia, rogorc wesi, Semoifargleba ori sawinaaRm-dego azris//poziciis ganxilviT.

diskusis warmatebiT Catarebaze pirvel rigSi pasuxismge-beli maswavlebeli. man unda daareguliros procesi da Seas-rulos fasilitatoris funqcia; mkafiod unda gansazRvros diskusiis Catarebis formati: vin da ra xnis ganmavlobaSi laparakobs, ra TanamimdevrobiT, rogor unda daisvas SekiTx-vebi da a.S. maswavlebelma unda uzrunvelyos diskusiaSi yve-la moswavlis monawileoba, waaxalisos SedarebiT pasiuri mo-swavleebi.

maswavlebelma moswavleebTan erTad unda gansazRvros diskusiis ZiriTadi wesebi, mag.: moswavleebi erTdroulad ar laparakoben, ar awyvetineben sxvebs saubars, diskusiaSi yvela monawileobs, ganixilaven sxvebis mosazrebebs Tu poziciebs da ara pirovnebebs, yoveli moswavle asabuTebs Tavis mosaz-rebas, sxvis azrs pativs scems.

maswavlebelma unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom diskusiis pro-cesSi is dominanturi ar unda iyos, ar unda gamoxatos simpa-Tia Tu antipaTia mokamaTe mxareebis mier gamoTqmuli mosaz-

54


rebebisadmi. is unda iyos neitraluri da yvelasTan erTnairi damokidebuleba hqondes.

gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom diskusiis efeqturobisaT-vis masSi Zalian bevri moswavle ar unda monawileobdes. ami-tom did jgufTan muSaobisas maswavlebelma unda SesZlos yvela moswavlis ise CarTva, rom diskusiam Tavisi funqcia ar dakargos. mniSvnelovania, rom diskusiisas `mowinaaRmdege~ mxareebSi moswavleebis Tanabari raodenoba iyos. sasurvelia `mowinaaRmdege~ mxareebi erTmaneTis pirdapir ganTavsdnen, xolo maswavlebels, rogorc diskusiis fasilitators, unda SeeZlos orive jgufTan Tavisufali urTierToba.

diskusiis dasrulebis Semdeg aucilebelia misi Sejameba, rasac Tavdapirvelad maswavlebeli akeTebs, xolo gamoc-dilebis dagrovebasTan erTad moswavleebic aqtiurad erTve-bian. Sejamebisas unda gaanalizdes rogorc Sinaarsi, anu ris momcemi iyo diskusia, ra iswavles da a.S moswavleebma, aseve procesi - ramdenad komfortulad grZnobdnen moswavleebi Tavs, advili iyo Tu ara wesebis dacva da a.S.

diskusiis Catareba, rogorc wesi, ar saWiroebs gansa-kuTrebul garemos an damxmare saSualebebs, Tumca sasurve-lia dafis arseboba, diskusiaSi monawile mxareebs rom mieceT sakuTari azrebis werilobiT gamoxatvis saSualeba.

diskusia sazogadoebrivi mecnierebebis maswavlebels sa-Sualebas aZlevs, moswavleTaTvis sainteresod da wamaxal-iseblad warmarTos saswavlo procesi. diskusia moswavlee-bisaTvis erT-erTi sayvareli da sasiamovnod Sesasrulebeli meTodia.

saklaso diskusia ramdenime ZiriTad mizans emsaxureba:1. sxvadasxva SesaZleblobebis moswavleebis CarTva swavlis

procesSi;2. Tanasworobasa da urTierTpativiscemaze dafuZnebuli we-

sebis/reglamentis dacva;3. sagakveTilo masalis ukeT gageba; 4. sagakveTilo masalaze dafuZnebuli argumentebis Camoya-

libeba da gamoyeneba sakuTari poziciis gasamyareblad; 5. sakomunikacio unar-Cvevebis SeZena, sakuTari Tavisadmi


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rwme nis ganmtkiceba. 6. diskusiis warmoeba: saklaso diskusiis ramdenime forma ar-

sebobs: mag: jgufebSi; maswavlebelsa da moswavleebs So-ris, an moswavleebs Soris.diskusiis warmoeba xels uwyobs moswavleebSi iseTi mniS-

vnelovani unar-Cvevebis Camoyalibebas, rogorebicaa:•aqtiuri mosmena;•sakuTari poziciis Camoyalibeba da argumentacia;•gansxvavebuli azris mosmena da gaTvaliswineba;•daskvnebis gamotana;•TanamSromloba.gavrcelebulia diskusiis Semdegi formebi:,,mrgvali magida~ _ saubari, romelSic Tanabar sawyisebze

monawileobs moswavleTa mcire jgufi (4-5 kaci), xdeba azrTa urTierTgacvla, rogorc erTmaneTTan, aseve _ klasTan.

`paneluri diskusia~ _ jgufs hyavs winaswar SerCeuli lideri. jgufi sakiTxs ganixilavs damoukdieblad da Semdeg warudgens klass. jgufis TiToeul wevrs aqvs Tavisi mosazre-bebis sajarod gamoTqmis ufleba.

`forumi~ _ hgavs panelur diskusias, romlis drosac jgu-fi axdens azrTa da ideaTa urTierTgacvlas klasTan.

`simpoziumi~ _ monawileebi warmoadgenen informaciebs da daskvnebs. isini gamoTqvamen sakuTar Tvalsazriss ama Tu im sakiTxis irgvliv, agreTve, upasuxeben klasis SekiTxvebs.

debatebi

debatebi _ diskusiis erT-erTi formaa da agebulia monawi-leTa winaswar dagegmil gamosvlebze. wamomadgenlebs irCeven jgufidan. kamaTi iwyeba ori dapirispirebuli mxaris TiTo warmomadgenlis gamosvliT. maT Semdeg tribuna eTmobaT TiToeuli mxaris sxva monawileebsac SekiTxvebisa da komen-tarebisTvis. maswavlebelma TiToeuli gamomsvlelisTvis unda daadginos gansazRvruli dro.

rogorc wesi, debatebis dawyebamde da misi dasrulebis

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Semdgom klasis saerTo Sexeduleba fasdeba, magaliTad:

pozicia: `. . . . `debatebis dawyebamde

debatebis dasasruls

gamarTlebulia

gaumarTlebelia

zogjer gamarTlebulia zogjer gaumarTlebelia

debatebis gamoyenebamagaliTad, sikvdiliT dasjis Tema sakmaod aqtualuria

kulturuli, politikuri da zogadad RirebulebiTi Tval-sazrisiT. moswavleebi Temis garSemo mravalferovan infor-macias ikvleven. erTni sikvdiliT dasjis gamamarTlebel ar-gumentebs pouloben, meoreni, piriqiT, _ sikvdiliT dasjis sawinaaRmdego argumentebs. SesaZloa ise moxdes, rom orive gundis argumentebi mesamem sakuTari poziciebis dasacavad gamoiyenos. am asakis bavSvebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli mkveTrad gamoxatuli individualizmis miuxedavad, aqtiuri meTodebiT Catarebuli ocamde Temis gavlis Semdeg klasi sakmaod gaxs-nili da gulaxdili iqneba. bavSvebi pirovnuli ambiciebisa da axirebebis mixedviT ki ar gaakeTeben arCevans, aramed _ argu-mentebisa da kriteriumebis kritikuli analizis safuZvelze.

maswavleblis misiaa moswavleebs debatebiT swavlebis stragegia daanaxos. `amogzauros~ Semecnebis am uaRresad saintereso gzaze, ra drosac codnis, gancdis, emociisa da damokidebulebis sinTezi miiRweva.

mainc, ra upiratesoba aqvs debatebs?

• debatebi saswavlo procesis Sesaxeb fiqri da masze dak-


57

virvebaa. moswavleebma bavSvobis asakidan uamravi ram iswavles. Tavidan yvelaferi erTi sityvis warmoTqmiT daiwyo, Semdeg yvelaferi gamravlda da gaiSala. debatebi aris is saSualeba, romelic dasaSvebisa da dauSvebelis, nawilisa da mTelis, sityvisa da saqmis principebs Seiswav-lis, ukiduresobebs gamokveTs da msgavseba-gansxvavebebs warmoaCens.

• debatebi informaciis mopovebis efeqtiani meTodia. mo-swavlem debatebSi warmatebisaTvis uamravi axali masala unda moiZios. aqtiurad usminos oponentis informacias da is dialogis warmarTvisaTvis gamoiyenos.

• Cveulebriv kamaTi SeiZleba kontrols aRar daemorCilos. debatebisas procesebi srulad kontroldeba. Tavda-pirvelad, moswavleebs wesebi sakmaod mkacri da Znelad dasacveli eCvenebaT, magram maT gareSe samarTlianobis SenarCuneba da piradi Seuracxyofis gamoricxva SeuZle-belia.

• debatebi iZleva kamaTis xelovnebis praqtikul gamocdile-bas, rac mTeli cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi ase mniSvnelovania adamianisaTvis. debatebisaTvis saWiro unarebi aucilebe-lia, rogorc profesiuli ganviTarebisaTvis, aseve zoga-dad samoqalaqo cxovrebisaTvis. logikur msjelobaze, damamtkicebel masalaze, magaliTebsa da statistikur monacemebze dafuZnebuli daskvna, anu argumentebisa da mtkicebulebebis erToblioba, qmnis pozicias mtkices an meryevs.

meTodi ,,kuTxeebi~

meTodi `kuTxeebi~ gamoiyeneba saklaso diskusiis warmarT-visas, kamaTis provocirebisa da jgufebs Soris paeqrobis ga-saCaReblad ori an meti poziciis arsebobisas. es savarjiSo aqtiurad da xalisianad sruldeba. es meTodi, agreTve, kar-gia klasSi teqstis kiTxvis, leqciis mosmenis, filmis Cvenebis Semdeg STabeWdilebebis Sesafaseblad, gansxvavebuli Tval-sazrisis dasafiqsireblad.

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meTodi ,,kuTxeebi~ moswavleebs saSualebas aZlevs gamoTqvan sakuTari azri da daicvan TavianTi pozicia. agreTve, yuradRe-biT mousminon sxvebis argumentebs da amis mixedviT garkveuli msjelobis Semdeg gaiziaron an ar gaiziaron gansxvavebuli mo-sazrebebi (Secvalon an ar Secvalon sakuTari pozicia).

pedagogi moswavleebs sTavazobs sadiskusio Temas. moswav-leebi indivi dua lurad irCeven garkveul pozicias da ikaveben saklaso oTaxSi `am poziciisaTvis~ gankuTvnil adgils (Sesa-Zlebelia arCeul iqnes saklaso oTaxis kuTxeebi, mer xebi, sa-dac keTdeba poziciis aRmniSvneli warwera).

dajgufebuli moswavleebi erTmaneTs uziareben TavianT mosazrebebs da iwyeben jgufSi msjelobas, raTa Semdeg daas-abuTon TavianTi versia argumentebiT (SesaZlebelia dasab-uTeba werilobiT moxdes). moswavleebi unda Seecadon, rac SeiZleba damajerebeli da saintereso iyos prezentacia.

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli exmareba jgufebs.moswavleebs SeuZliaT diskusiis msvlelobisas Seicvalon

Sexeduleba _ gadaadgildnen erTi kuTxidan meoreSi da im jgufSi gadainacvlon, romlis mo sazrebasac axla eTanxmebian.

mosmenis da kamaTis dros moswavleebma sasurvelia gaa-keTon Cana werebi, rac daexmareba maT poziciis werilobiT gamoxatvasa da dacvaSi.

,,mozaika~

aqtivoba Sedgeba 4 etapisgan:

I etapi: ZiriTadi jgufebis Sedgena da masalis ganawileba.

klasi iyofa 4-kacian jgufebad. jgufis TiToeul wevrs urigdeba masala, romelic erTi mTliani informaciis (teqs-tis) raRac nawils Seadgens da aqvs garkveuli rigiTi nomeri (I, 2, 3, 4). man individualurad 10 wT-is ganmavlobaSi unda daamuSaos igi, Seiswavlos, raTa SeZlos miRebuli informacia sxvasac gadasces.

II etapi: eqspertTa jgufebis mier masalis Seswavla.

am etapze xdeba e.w. ,,eqspertTa jgufebis` Camoyalibeba.


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vinc amuSavebs #1 informacias, erTiandeba magidis irgvliv, romlis rigiTi nomeria 1, visac aqvs informacia #2, ikribeba meore magidis garSemo da a.S. aqedan gamomdinare, TiToeuli magidis irgvliv aRmoCndebian erTi da imave informaciis mqone moswavleebi oTxive jgufidan, romlebic SemdgomSi gadaiqce-vian e.w. informaciis `eqspertebad~. isini erTad kiTxuloben da kidev erTxel swavloben saerTo masalas, eZeben am masalis sxvebisTvis gadacemis saukeTeso da efeqtian gzebs, meTodebs. weren gegmas, xazaven sqemebs da a.S.

III etapi: ZiriTad jgufebSi dabruneba miRebuli codnis ga-dacemis mizniT.

moswavleebi brundebian Tav-TavianT ZiriTad jgufebSi da rigiTi nomris dacviT (jer gadascems I nomeri, Semdeg_II da a.S.) warudgenen TavianT masalas erTmaneTs. jgufis mizania misma yvela wevrma srulyofilad aiTvisos ToToeuli wevris, `eqspertis~ mier damuSavebuli masala.

IV etapi: individualuri da jgufuri pasuxismgebloba, miRe-buli codnis Sefaseba.

jgufis TiToeuli wevri valdebulia saTanadod aiTvisos Tanagundelebis mier mowodebuli mTeli informacia (mozai-kac swored amitom hqvia, nawilebidan _ mTlianisaken). miRe-buli codna SeiZleba Semowmdes sxvadasxva gziT (mag.: werilo-biTi formiT, zepiri TxrobiT, kiTxva-pasuxiT da sxva saxis wardginebiT).

niSanTa sistemiT kiTxva

niSanTa sistemiT kiTxva teqstze muSaobis erT-erTi for-maa. am dros moswavleebi individualurad, damoukideblad kiTxuloben teqsts da mindorze akeTeben garkveul aRniSvnebs (teqstis gaswvriv, fanqriT): `V~-iT aRniSnaven nacnob infor-macias, `+~-iT axal informacias, `_~ -iT imis sapirispiros, rasac fiqrobdnen, `?~-iT_gaugebar an bundovan informacias.

samuSaos meore etapia masalis daxarisxeba sqemis mixedviT.

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SesaZloa es samuSao Sesruldes rogorc individualurad, ise wyvilebsa da jgufebSi. am etapze monawileebi kidev erTxel gadaavleben Tvals TavianT aRniSvnebs da daanawileben, ax-arisxeben mas sqemis mixedviT.

`V~ nacnobi

informacia

`+~ axali

informacia

`_~ sapirispiro,

rasac vfiqrobdi

`?~ gaugebar-

ia, bundovania

bolos xdeba prezentacia, romlis drosac monawileebi kiTxuloben sqemis mi xed viT daxarisxebul informacias.

venis diagrama

gamoiyeneba ori iseTi cnebis Sesadareblad, romelTac rogorc saerTo, ise gansxvavebuli niSnebi aqvT. mag.: 2 per-sonaJis, movlenis, cnebis da a.S. diagrama saSualebas iZleva dadgindes saerTo da ganmasxvavebeli (Tvisebebi, niSnebi) maT Soris. mag.: marcxena rgolSi iwereba yvela is niSani, romelic danaSauls axasiaTebs, marjvniv _ Secdomis maxasiaTeblebi. SuaSi (rgolebis gadakveTis adgilas) _ yvelaferi, rac saer-Toa danaSaulisa da SecdomisaTvis.

danaSauli Secdoma


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vici, viswavle, minda vicode

naswavli masalis Sejerebis, gameorebisa da codnis ganmt-kicebis mizniT maswav le bels SeuZlia efeqtianad gamoiyenos sqema: `vici~, `viswavle~, `minda vicode~.

samuSao sruldeba individualurad, wyvilebsa an jgufeb-Si. furceli an dafa iyofa 3 vertikalur grafad, romelTac vawerT: `vici~, `viswavle~, `minda vicode~.

vici viswavle minda vicode

maswavlebeli moswavleebs mokled uxsnis maT winaSe das-mul amocanas da, Tu saWi rod CaTvlis, svams kiTxvebs provo-cirebisTvis.

amis Semdeg, moswavleebi TanmimdevrobiT avseben samive grafas: `vici~ grafaSi weren yvelafers, rac maT icodnen gansaxilveli skiTxis Sesaxeb. `viswavle~ grafaSi weren imas, rac Seityves axali, xolo `minda vicode~ grafaSi weren imas, rac maT ainteresebT (rasac SeiZleba SekiTxvis saxec hqondes).

Tu savarjiSo sruldeba jgufebSi, samuSaos damTavrebis Semdeg xdeba prezentacia, romlis drosac jgufebi ar imeo-reben ukve Tqmuls, aramed avseben maT TavianTi infor maciiT.

savarjiSo gansakuTrebiT kargi da mosaxerxebelia erTi romelime konkretuli Temis Sesajameblad, wina klasebSi ganvlili masalis gasaxseneblad da axal naswavlTan da sa-kavSireblad, analitikuri da kvleviTi unaris gasaviTare-blad.

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T diagrama

es sqema maswavlebelma SeiZleba mravalmxriv gamoiyenos. igi Zalze mosaxerxebelia sapirispiro mosazrebaTa gamo-saTqmelad, movlenebisa Tu faqtebis Sesapirispireblad da Se sadareblad, moqmed gmirTa dasaxasiaTeblad.

T sqema saSualebas gvaZlevs warmovaCinoT dapirispireba gansaxilvel sakiTxebs (faqtebs, movlenebs, adamianebs, sa-gnebs da a.S.) Soris.

savarjiSo kargia informaciis dasaxarisxeblad (vTqvaT, dadebiTad da uaryofiTad) da dasajgufeblad. samuSao srul-deba individualurad, wyvilebSi an jgufurad, maswavleblis Sexedulebisamebr: dafaze, rveulSi an Tabaxis furcelze. ivseba jer sqemis marcxena mxare (5 wT.), Semdeg _ marjvena (5 wT.).

azrobrivi ruka

azrobrivi rukis mizania konkretul sakiTxebze moswavle-Ta (klasis) codnis dadgena-Semowmeba. igi xels uwyobs arse-buli informaciis Sekreba-mobilizebas, axali ideebis dabade-basa da gamoxatvas.

wris SuagulSi iwereba erTi an ori sityva (nawarmoebis sa-Tauri, sakvanZo sityva, gamonaTqvami, personaJis saxeli, adgi-lis saxelwodeba da a.S...), irgvliv ki - yvela azri, romelic am sityvas ukavSirdeba.


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`azrobrivi ruka~ warmoadgens efeqtian saSualebas per-sonaJis, movlenis, ideis dasaxasiaTeblad. igi SeiZleba gamov-iyenoT moswavleTa motivaciisTvis.

,,reitingi~

meTodi gamoiyeneba klasisaTvis konkretuli informaciis misawodeblad an jgufebSi mizanmimarTuli diskusiis waxal-iseba-stimulirebisaTvis.

maswavlebeli winaswar amzadebs baraTebis kompleqts _ TiToeuli jgufisTvis 9 baraTs da gansaxilvel TemasTan da-kavSirebul 9 mosazrebas (TiTo winadadebas wers TiTo bara-Tze).

jgufebSi ganixilaven SemoTavazebul mosazrebebs da al-ageben maT mniSvnelobis xarisxis mixedviT. reitingis sqemas SeiZleba kibis an mravalkuTxedis forma mieces. safexureo-brivi reitingis Sedgenisas, yvelaze mniSvnelovani mosazreba sul zemoT Tavsdeba, mis qvemoT masze nakleb mniSvnelovani,

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momdevno safexurze _ kidev ufro nakleb mniSvnelovani da a.S. yvelaze umniSvnelo gamonaTqvami yvelaze qvemoT aRmoCndeba.

safexurebrivi reitingi

yvelaze mniSvnelovani

yvelaze umniSvnelo

`mravalwaxnaga~ reitingis Sedgenisas, Tavdapirvelad, unda ganisazRvros, romelia yvelaze mniSvnelovani mosazreba, Sem-deg mniSvnelobiT misi momdevno ori gamonaTqvami, Semdeg _ sami saSualod Zlieri mosazreba, Semdeg ori momdevno da bolos _ yvelaze umniSvnelo.


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mravalwaxnagiani reitingi

sakiTxebis erTmaneTisgan mkveTrad gamijvna, rogorc wesi, Zalian rTulia. aqedan gamomdinare, reitingis amgvari forma ufro pirobiTi da misaRebia moswavlisaTvis. garda amisa, igi konsensusis miRwevis met SesaZleblobasac iZleva. reitingis Sedgenisas SeiZleba baraTebze 8 mosazreba daiweros, erTi baraTi ki carieli darCes da is Tavad monawileebma Seavson.

adgilze viziti

warmoadgens moswavleebis jgufis mier dawesebulebisa Tu sxva organizaciis monaxulebas misi saqmianobis gacnobis mizniT. eqskursiis dros moswavleebs saSualeba eZlevaT re-alur garemoSi daakvirdnen samuSao situacias da gaecnon mo-cemul sakiTxTan dakavSirebul Taviseburebebs.

vizits sailustracio funqcia aqvs. adgilze nanaxi da mos-menili ukeT amaxsovrdebaT moswavleebs, vidre mxolod moyo-lili masala.

skolis gareT swavlebas SeiZleba garkveuli problemebi axldes Tan. amitom aucilebelia vizitis detaluri dagegmva, raTa Tavidan aviciloT gaugebrobebi da maqsimalurad maRal efeqts mivaRwioT. maswavlebelma winaswar unda gaiTvaliswin-os da dagegmos Semdegi sakiTxebi: vizitis mizani, zusti dro;

yvelaze mniSvnelovani

yvelaze umniSvnelo

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moswavleebis dasaSvebi raodenoba; zogjer sxvadasxva pro-fesiis gasacnobad dagegmili vizitebisaTvis (zeda klasebSi) gasaTvaliswinebelia specialuri formiT uzrunvelyofa, viz-itTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi da a.S. aucilebelia maspinZel organizaciasTan winaswari SeTanxmeba stumrobis Taobaze.

maswavlebelma winaswar unda miawodos informacia moswav-leebs vizitis gegmis Sesaxeb _ ra unda naxon, ras unda mieqces gansakuTrebuli yuradReba da a.S. unda waaxalisos Sexvedris dros moswavleebis mxridan SekiTxvebis dasma. SesaZlebelia saWiro gaxdes garkveuli CaniSvnebis gakeTeba.

adgilze vizitis dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebeli moswav-leebTan erTad ganixilavs mis Sedegebs _ ra naxes an moismines, ramdenad gasagebi da saintereso iyo informacia. SesaZlebe-lia maTTan erTad dagegmos Semdgomi vizitis formati.

prezentacia aris jgufis winaSe garkveuli Teoriuli Tu praqtikuli

masalis wardgena.prezentacia efeqturi meTodia iseTi unarebis gasaviTa-

reblad, rogoricaa komunikacia, sakuTari poziciisa Tu mo-sazrebebis msmenelisaTvis gacnoba, argumentireba, poziciis dacva da a.S.

prezentaciis Tema SeiZleba iyos nebismieri sakiTxi. sa-survelia, rom prezentaciis Temebis raodenoba Zalian bevri ar iyos; rekomendebulia maqsimum sami Temis gamoyeneba.

prezentaciis momzadebisas maswavlebelma unda gaiTval-iswinos misi Tavisebureba. aseve, Tu moswavleebi akeTeben prezentacias winaswar unda misces prezentaciis tipuri sqema.

prezentacia sami nawilisagan Sedgeba: 1. Sesavali prezentaciis aucilebeli nawilia. am nawilis miza-

nia auditoriis interesisa da yuradRebis miqceva, pirve-ladi kontaqtis damyareba. es nawili SedarebiT mci rea da prezentaciisaTvis gankuTvnili saerTo drois daaxloe-biT 20%-s Seadgens.

2. ZiriTadi nawili prezentaciis yvelaze vrceli da sapasux-ismgeblo nawilia. ZiriTad nawilSi xdeba debulebebis,


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mosazrebebis da a.S. ganxilva, sailustracio masalebis gamo yeneba. prezentaciis gakeTebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia saubris toni, qcevis manera, rac mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens auditoriaze. es nawili prezentaciis gankuTvnili saerTo drois daaxloebiT 70%-s Seadgens

3. daskvniT nawilSi xdeba prezentaciis Sejameba, Tu ras em-saxureboda prezentacia, ra aris miRebuli Sedegebi da a.S. es nawili prezentaciis drois daaxloebiT 10%-s Seadgens

SesaZlebelia maswavlebelma moswavleebTan erTad Sei-muSaos prezentaciis Sefasebis skala da prezentaciis Sem-deg moswavleebTan erTad Seafasos is. Tumca es ufro metad saswavlo miznebisaTvis gankuTvnili prezentaciisaTvis aris rekomendebuli.

prezentaciis gakeTeba specialur teqnikur aRWurvilo-bas saWiroebs - proeqtori, leptopi, dafa an flipCarti. sa-survelia Tu prezentacia `PowerPoint~formatSi gakeTdeba.

SemTxvevis ganxilva farTod gamoiyeneba ganaTlebis sferoSi. misi mizania

konkretuli SemTxvevis ganxilvis safuZvelze damatebiTi in-formaciisa da codnis SeZena.

SemTxvevis ganxilvisas ar aris aucilebeli is exebodes erT konkretul adamians. SemTxveva SeiZleba iyos adamianTa jgufis, sxvadasxva situaciis da a.S. Sesaxeb.

SemTxvevis Seswavlisas xdeba am konkretuli SemTxvevis gaazreba da gaanalizeba.

SemTxvevis ganxilvamde saWiroa maswavlebelma winaswar momzados masala. is moswavlebisaTvis saintereso da aqtua-luri unda iyos. unda iTvaliswinebdes maT asakobriv Tavise-burebas da SesaZlebeli iyos mis garSemo msjeloba.

gansaxilvel masalasTan erTad unda momzaddes ZiriTaadi gansaxilveli kiTxvebi. isini SeiZleba Seexebodes moswavlee-bis damokideebulebas konkretuli adaminis, jgufis an SemTx-vevaSi aRwerili situacias mimarT, rogor xedaven isini am Sem-Txvevas, ra aris maTTvis misaRebi, miuRebeli, rogor SeiZleba problemis gadaWra da a.S.

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SemTxvevis ganxilva jgufuri muSaobis rTuli formaa. am dros jgufuri muSaobis wesi da struqtura igive rCeba, rTuldeba mxolod Tema, romelic jgufs situaciuri amoca-nis saxiT miecema (situaciur amocanas maswavlebeli, saWiroe-bisamebr, sakuTari Sexedulebidan, klasis interesebidan gamomdinare, irCevs an igonebs).

TiToeulma jgufma unda gaaanalizos SemoTavazebuli situacia, miiRos saerTo gadawyvetileba, ipovos gamosava-li da gamoitanos Sesabamisi daskvna, risTvisac jgufma unda imuSaos SeTanxmebulad da miaRwios konsensuss.

Tu jgufis wevrebs uWirT SeTanxmeba, maswavlebelma Sei-Zleba maT SesTavazos kenWisyris wesi:

4-5 kaciani jgufis yvela wevri TiTo xmis uflebiT sarge-blobs. winadadeba, romelic yvelaze met xmas miiRebs, jgufur gadawyvetilebad CaiTvleba. SesaZlebelia gadawyvetilebis miReba moxdes gamsvleli xmebis winaswar dadgenili raodeno-biT (ori mesamedi).

konsensusi SeTanxmebis is formaa, roca gadawyvetilebis miRebisas yvela erTsulovania. igi demokratiuli procesia.

SemTxvevis ganxilva specialur teqnikur aRWurvilobas ar saWiroebs; sasurvelia yvela moswavles hqondes individualu-rad amobeWdili SemTxveva. maswavlebelma gamoiyenos proeq-tori da leptopi.

dausrulebeli istoria jgufuri samuSaos erT-erTi saintereso formaa, romelic

saukeTesoa moswavlis fantaziisa da SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis gasaviTareblad. igi jgufuri samuSaosTvis damaxasiaTebeli yvela unar-Cvevis gamoyenebas moiTxovs.

jgufebi yuradRebiT ismenen maswavleblis mier SemoTava-zebul ambavs, romlis dasasruleblad eZlevaT 15 wT.

es sakmaod rTuli procesia, romlis drosac jgufis wevrebi msjeloben, azrovneben, gamoTqvamen da asabuTeben sa-kuTar azrs da iziareben erTmaneTis mosazrebebs. Tanxmdebian da erTad igoneben ambis dasasruls. werilobiT ayalibeben am-bis ukve SeTanxmebul ganviTarebas. SesaZlebeblia namuSevari


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ilustraciiT gaaformon, raTa igi prezentaciisTvis ufro saintereso gaxdes.

rolebiT TamaSi mniSvnelovania mozardis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT. is

xels uwyobs saswavlo procesis gaaqtiurebas, SeZenili cod-nis mravalmxriv gaazrebas, ganmtkicebas da Semowmebas.

warsulis simulaciur rekonstruqciasTan erTad gansa-kuTrebiT saxaliso da nayofieria emfatikuri savarjiSoebis Semotana warsulSi mcxovrebi adamianebis yoveldRiuri yofis, wes-Cveulebebis aRwerisas, rac saSualebas miscems moswavlee-bs aramarto gaiazron, aramed SeigrZnon maTi survilebi, oc-nebebi, maTi TvaliT dainaxon samyaro.

roluri TamaSis gamoyenebiT moswavleebs uviTardebaT Semdegi unar-Cvevebi:

•komunikacia;

•TanamSromloba;

•istoriuli drois gageba da epoqis gancda;

•SemoqmedebiToba;

•modelireba;

roluri TamaSis gamoyenebisas maswavlebeli moswavlee-bTan erTad SearCevs Temas. magaliTi: moswavleebi davyoT jgufebad. TiToeulma jgufma maswavleblis daxmarebiT moigonos raime ambavi, romelSic personaJebad gamoiyvanen qa-rTul miTologiur gmirebs (RvTisSvilebs-kopalas, iaxsars; borot Zalebs-devebs, Winkebs, alebs da a.S.). es ambebi moswav-leebma unda Camoayalibon werilobiT, daurToT sakuTari fantaziiT Seqmnili naxatebi. maswavlebeli moswavleebTan er-Tad dawers scenars. moswavleebs Soris ganawildeba rolebi da isini warmoadgenen mini-speqtakls.

roluri TamaSis etapebia: 1. scenaris Seqmna; 2. rolebis ga-nawileba; 3. repeticia; 4. gaTamaSeba; 5. ganxilva; 6. Sejameba.

aseTi TamaSis dros maswavlebeli wamyvanis, gezis mimcemis da damkvirveblis funqcias asrulebs. is unda darCes neitralur mayureblad da qmnides keTilganwyobil atmosferos. roluri

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TamaSi mTlianad moswavleTa aqtivobaze unda aigos.roluri TamaSis dros gasaTvaliswiinebeli pirobebi: rol-

uri TamaSis Tematikis SerCevisas gasaTvaliswinebelia moswavle-Ta mosazrebebi, raTa isini xalisiT aerTon muSaobaSi. rolebis ganawileba SeiZleba moxdes maswavleblis mier an kenWisyriT.

situaciis modelireba SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc rolebiT TamaSi, romelSic

uklebliv mTeli klasi monawileobs. is saSualebas iZleva, mo-swavleebma gamoscadon sakuTari Tavi da SesaZleblobebi ̀ eqs-tremalur~ situaciebSi.

situaciis modelireba monawileTagan did Zalisxmevasa da mondomebas moiTxovs, amitom igi metad STambeWdavia da did zemoqmedebas axdens mis monawileebze.

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania modelirebis Semdgomi ana-lizi. `msaxiobebma~ unda imsjelon sakuTar grZnobebze (ratom gadawyvites emoqmedaT amgvarad, grZnobdnen Tu ara uxerxulobas da ramdenad misaRebi iyo maTTvis problemis amgvari gadawyveta).

maswavlebeli am SemTxvevaSi unda daexmaros maT, raTa monawileebma SeZlon, gancdili daakavSiron realobasTan.

interviu interviu, rogorc swavlebis meTodi orientirebulia in-

formaciis sxvadasxva saSualebiT moZiebis, organizebis, da-muSavebisa da miznobrivad gamoyenebis unarebis ganviTarebaze. Sesabamisad, igi gamoiyeneba kvlevis unaris gansaviTareblad. meTodi advilad gansaxorcielebelia, radgan moswavleTa uSualo garemos exeba (ojaxs, ubans, quCas, skolas, Tems...). moswavleebs unda daevalos skolis gareT raime sakiTxze dak-virveba magaliTad, transportis moZraobaze, adamianebis qcev-aze sajaro adgilebSi, mediaSi gamoqveynebul masalebze da a.S.. am gziT mopovebuli da dajgufebuli informacia exmare-ba moswavles intervius kiTxvaris SedgenaSi. kiTxvaris Sed-genis Semdeg moswavleebi atareben intervius. intervius Tema SeiZleba iyos gvaris genealogia, an quCis, soflis, qalaqis istoria da a.S. moswavleebma interviu SeiZleba Caiweron, ro-


71

gorc audio/video aparaturis gamoyenebiT, aseve kalmiTac, im adamianebisgan, romlebic ama Tu im istoriuli an geografiuli movlenis TviTmxilvelni da monawileni arian. intervius meS-veobiT moswavles SesaZlebloba eZleva, moipovos informacia sakvlevi Temis an movlenis Sesaxeb uSualod mowmisagan.

am meTodis gamoye neba SesaZlebelia, rogorc dawyebiT, aseve sabazo da saSualo safexurze.

meTodis gamoyenebas aqvs Tanmimdevruli etapebi:1. intervius miznisa da Temis gansazRvra.dawyebiT safexurze, rodesac moswavleebi intervius Ses-

axeb elementarul unar-Cvevebs unda daeuflon, umjobesia, maswavlebelma Tavad SearCios intervius Tema. swavlebis momdevno safexurze ki SesaZlebelia, moswavleebTan erTad SeirCes momavali naSromis Tema da mizani. maswavlebelma unda gaiTvaliswinos, Tu ramdenad daZlevadi iqneba moswavleebi-sTvis dasaxuli amocanis Sesruleba.

2. intervius dagegmva. intervius warmatebiT CatarebisaTvis, mniSvnelovania,

zustad gaiweros vadebi da monawile moswavleebis funqciebi. magaliTad, ramdenime moswavle SeiZleba monawileobas iReb-des interviuebis CamorTmevaSi, nawili amuSavebdes arCeul Temaze arsebul werilobiT masalas (moiZiebdes da amuSaveb-des sabiblioTeko literaturasa da dokumentebs, fotomasa-las da sxva), nawils daevalos interviuebis gaSifvra da da-muSaveba, xolo ramdenime moswavlem Seajeros interviuebi da werilobiTi masala da daweros naSromi. bolos, SesaZlebelia gamovyoT erTi an ori moswavle proeqtis prezentaciisTvis.

3. intervius aReba.saswavlo miznebisa da Temis Sesabamisad, dawyebiTi safex-

uris maswavlebelma unda SearCios moswavleebisaTvis xelmi-sawvdomi respodenti. intervius Caweramde, pirvel rigSi, saWiroa ganvsazRvroT, ra saxis informaciaa saWiro. magali-Tad, Tu moswavleebs ainteresebT romelime istoriul-geo-grafiuli movlena, maSin saWiroa Tematuri intervius aRe-ba, romelSic respodentis biografia – mxolod istoriuli `rekvizitis~ saxes miiRebs, magram, Tu ainteresebT adamianis

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cxovrebis istoria, maSin orientirebuli unda iyvnen bio-grafiul interviuze. Tu moswavleebs ainteresebT romelime epoqa sakuTari qalaqis, quCis, saxlis an soflis istoriidan, SesaZlebeli gamokiTxon mxcovani adamianebi.

maswavlebelma unda gaacnos moswavleebs intervius aRebis elementaruli wesebi:• interviu iwereba naklebxmaurian adgilas; • winaswar ganisazRvreba dro, raTa zedmetad xangrZlivi da

damRleli interviu ar gamogvivides;• umjobesia, respodents winaswari gasaubrebis dros ganem-

artos, Tu ra sakiTxis garSemo warimarTeba interviu. Ses-aZlebelia, respodents miewodos im Temebis nusxa, rom-lebic ainteresebs interviuers, raTa mTxrobelma ukeT gaiazros momavali saubris Tema;

• aucilebelia, winaswar Camoiweros savaraudo kiTxvebi; • interviuers saSualeba unda mieces bolomde gamoTqvas

sakuTari azri. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom saubrisas sxva SekiTxvebic wamoiWras.

• dauSvebelia respodentTan SekamaTeba; • Tu viyenebT Camwer teqnikas, Sexvedramde aucileblad

unda Semowmdes misi gamarTuloba.• sasurvelia, intervius damTavrebis Semdeg gakeTdes STabe-

Wdilebebis Sesaxeb Canaweri;4. aucilebelia intervius sityva-sityviT werilobiT aRd-

gena (gaSifvra) intervius werilobiT aRdgenis dros ar SeiZleba teqstis

Casworeba, gramatikulad rogori gaumarTavic ar unda iyos. aRdgenis dros aucileblad mivuTiToT intervius Caweris TariRi, gaSifvris TariRi, aseve interviuerisa da respoden-tis vinaoba da proeqtis saTauri. vinaidan SesaZlebelia rom momavalSi momzadebuli interviu sxvam gamoiyenos.

5. naSromis Seqmnamas Semdeg, rac moswavleebi daasruleben saWiro zepiri

da werilobiTi masalis Segrovebas, isini gadavlen proeqtis Semdeg etapze, romelsac naSromis (kvlevis Sedegebis) Seqm-na hqvia. uSualod naSromis daweramde aucilebelia zepiri


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wyaroebis daxarisxeba.aucilebelia erTsa da imave sakiTxze sxvadasxva informa-

ciis, axsna-ganmartebisa Tu Sefasebebis erTmaneTTan Sejereba. respodentebis monayolSi SeiZleba bevr uzustobas wavawydeT. masalis damuSavebis Semdeg, moswavleebi iwyeben Txzulebis weras. imis gamo, rom naSroms moswavleebi koleqtiurad qmnian, upriania, maswavlebelma maTTan erTad gadawyvitos, Tu naSromis romel nawils moswavleTa romeli jgufi dawers.

6. naSromis prezentacia`intervius~ dasrulebis Semdeg, moswavleebi warmoadgenen

TavianT naSroms.

proeqtikonkretuli problemis gadaWris an iniciativis ganxor-

cielebisken mimarTuli mravalferovani samuSao, romelSic warmmarTvelia kvleviTi, SemoqmedebiTi, TanamSromlobisa da sakomunikacio unarebis ganviTareba. es meTodi aqtiuri da mizanmimarTuli swavlis saSualebas iZleva.

moswavleebi mudmivad svamen SekiTxvebs: ratom gvaswavliT ama Tu im sakiTxs? raSi gamomadgeba es codna? maswavleblebs uWirT am kiTxvebze damajerebeli da argumentirebuli pasux-is gacema. am problemis mogvarebaSi maswavlebels daexmareba imis codna, Tu rogor amuSaos moswavleebi saswavlo proeq-tze. proeqtze muSaobisas moswavleebi realuri problemis gadasaWrelad SeZenil codnasa da unar-Cvevebs iyeneben. proeqtiT swavleba iwvevs moswavleTa motivacias da zrdis maT pasuximgeblobas. isini xalisiT asruleben samuSaoebs da SeuZliaT xangrZlivad imuSaon dasmul sakiTxebze.

sakiTxebs moswavleebi xangrZlivi drois (erTi an ramden-ime kviris) ganmavlobaSi amuSaveben da Semdgom warudgenen mTel klass an ufro farTo auditorias. proeqtebi exmareba mozards realur cxovrebaSi gamoiyenos miRebuli codna da gamocdileba dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad.

proeqtze muSaoba moicavs dagegmvis, kvlevis, praqtikuli aqtivobisa da Sedegebis warmodgenis etapebs arCeuli sakiTxis Sesabamisad. proeqti ganxorcielebulad CaiTvleba, Tuki misi

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Sedegebi TvalsaCinod da damajereblad, koreqtuli formiT aris warmodgenili (mag.: werilobiTi dokumenti, maketi, in-scenireba, debatebi, aqcia, Tanmimdevruli RonisZiebebi da a.S.).

maswavlebeli saswavlo proeqtebis mimdinareobisas kon-sultantis rols asrulebs, xelmZRvanelobs samuSaoebs, Ziebisa da kvlevis dros mimarTulebas aZlevs. is uTiTebs sainformacio wyaroebs.

proeqtze muSaobis dros moswavles sWirdeba Semoqmedebi-Toba, sainformacio sivrceSi orientaciisa da damoukidebeli swavlis unar-Cvevebi.saswavlo proeqtis dagegmvis dros maswavlebeli iTvaliswinebs:

•ramdenad mniSvenelovania problema, romelic kvlevas iTxovs;

•mosalodneli Sedegebis siaxles (obieqturs an subieq-turs);

•proeqtze muSaobis dros gamoyenebuli meTodebsa da kv-levas Soris kavSirs;

•arCevanis SesaZleblobas, rac iwvevs moswavleTa pasux-ismgeblobis zrdas.

proeqti SeiZleba Sesruldes individualurad, wyvilebSi an jgufurad; erTi an ramodenime sagnis farglebSi (saganTa integracia);

SeiZleba gamoiyos sami tipis saswavlo proeqti:1. maswavlebeli sTavazobs moswavleebs gamzadebul pro-

eqts. igi Tavad gansazRvravs problemas, saxavs misi gadaWris strategiasa da taqtikas. moswavle ki da-moukideblad gadaWris problemas.

2. maswavlebeli svams problemas, moswavle damoukide-blad irCevs kvlevis meTodebs da problemis gadaWris gzebs.

3. moswavle gansazRvravs problemas, damoukideblad irCevs kvlevis meTodebsa da problemis gadaWris gzebs.


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proeqtis struqtura

proeqtis aRwera

proeqtis aRwera aris misi ZiriTadi Semadgeneli nawili. aRniSnuli punqti sasurvelia daiyos qvepunqtebad, romleb-Sic gaerTiandeba Semdegi saxis informacia:

a) problemis gansazRvra (identifikacia) _ gulisxmobs im konkretuli problemis xazgasmas, romlis sapasuxodac aris mimarTuli proeqti.

b) mizani _ gulisxmobs farTo, zogad debulebas imis Ses-axeb, Tu ris miRwevaa sasurveli. proeqtis mizans unda war-moadgendes iseTi garemos an pirobebis Seqmna, romlebic logikur kavSirSi iqneba (mimarTuli iqneba) zemoaRweril problemasTan.

g) amocanebi _ gulisxmobs konkretul nabijebs miznis misaRwevad. aq unda mieTiTos, ra amocanebis gadaWras isax-avs proeqtSi miTiTebuli mizani. miznis misaRwevad SeiZleba daisaxos erTi, ori an ramdenime amocana imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu rogoria proeqtis specifika.

d) ganxorcielebis gzebi _ gulisxmobs kidev ufro konkre-tul nabijebs dasmuli amocanebis Sesasruleblad. ganxor-cielebis gzebi aris procesi, romelmac unda upasuxos kiTx-vebs: 1) `rogor?~ - rogor ganaxorcieldeba proeqtis amocanebi? 2) `vin~ - vin monawileobs proeqtis ganxorcielebaSi da ra

aris maTi funqciebi proeqtSi?

proeqtis Sesrulebis vadebi

proeqtis vadebi unda Seicavdes droSi ganawilebul msv-lelobas. masSi unda aisaxos saqmianobebis etapebad dayofa, ganawilebuli dReebis, kvirebis, Tveebis mixedviT, proeqtis specifikidan gamomdinare.

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mosalodneli Sedegebi

am nawilSi aRiwereba is savaraudo efeqti an mosalodneli Sedegi, romelic mohyveba proeqtis warmatebiT ganxorciele-bas.

monitoringi

am nawilSi unda iyos miTiTebuli, Tu rogori iqneba konkretulad proeqtis ganviTarebaze Tvalyuris devnebis (monitoringis) meqanizmi da perioduloba.

Sefaseba

miTiTebuli unda iyos is savaraudo kriteriumebi (maCvene-blebi), romlebic gansazRvraven proeqtis warmatebas.

proeqtis Sefasebis kriteriumebi:

problemis identificireba;

Teoriuli codnis praqtikul saqmianobaSi gamoyeneba;

informaciis moZiebis unari;

kvlevebis dagegmvisa da Catarebis unari;

sazogadoebasa da Sesabamis samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan urTierTobis unari;

jgufis SemoqmedebiTi unari;

moZiebuli informaciis klasifikaciis da interpretaciis unari;

kvlevis Sedegebis analizis unari;

problemis gadaWris gzebis SeTavazeba;

gadawyvetilebebis miReba;

warmodgenili namuSevris organizeba;

moswavleebis mier Seqmnili TvalsaCinoebebi.


77

moswavleTa muSaobis formebi

arsebobs muSaobis Semdegi formebi: individualuri, wyvil-Si da jgufuri.

maswavlebelma Tavidanve unda ganumartos moswavleebs muSaobis formebis arsi. aseT SemTxvevaSi Tavidan iqneba acilebuli wyvilSi da jgufuri muSaobisas xmauri da qaosi.

moswavlem unda icodes, rom:individualurad muSaobis procesSi moswavle sakuTar

Tavzea pasuxismgebeli, wyvilSi da jgufuri muSaobisas isini pasuxismgeblobas grZnoben TavianTi mewyvilis, aseve_gundis wevris mimarT. wyvilebsa da jgufebSi muSaoba xels uwyobs TanamSromlobis Cvevis gamomuSavebas. am savarjiSoebis Ses-rulebisas moswavleebi swavloben erTmaneTis mosmenas, sxvisi azris gaziarebas, kritikul azrovnebasa da Sefasebas, saku-Tari azris gamoTqmas, dasabuTebas da a.S. isini eCvevian fun-qciebis danawilebas, drois racionalur gamoyenebas.

gTavazobT wyvilebSi muSaobis wesebs:1. maswavlebeli klass yofs wyvilebad;

2. klass eZleva saerTo davaleba;

3. moswavleebi samuSaos asruleben wyvilebSi;

4. TamaSis dro gansazRvrulia (samuSaos sirTulis mixedviT);

5. maswavlebeli TviTon anawilebs moswavleebis funqciebs.

wyvilebSi muSaobis dros bavSvebs moeTxovebaT yuradRebis koncentracia. isini pasuxismgeblobas grZnoben TavianTi mewyvilis mimarT.

wyvilebSi gamomuSavebuli TanamSromlobis Cveva kidev ufro mtkicdeba jgufuri samuSaoebis Sesrulebisas. gTavazobT wesebs jgufuri muSaobisTvis:1. klasi iyofa 4-5 kacian jgufebad;2. klass eZleva saerTo davaleba;3. davaleba sruldeba jgufebSi;4. jgufi unda muSaobdes SeTanxmebulad, ar unda moxdes kon-

fliqti, ar unda iTrgunebodes arc erTi moswavle;5. jgufis yoveli wevri CarTuli unda iyos saqmianobaSi;

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6. samuSao sruldeba erT furcelze;7. davaleba sruldeba maswavleblis mier winaswar gansaz-

Rvrul droSi (10-15 wT.);8. jgufi, romlis wevrebic SeTanxmebulad ver moqmedeben,

muSaobas wyvets;9. jgufi muSaobs erTi magidis garSemo.

TiToeul jgufSi erTi magidis garSemo Tavs iyrian sx-vadasxva xasiaTisa da temperamentis moswavleebi: aqtiurebi, pasiurebi, liderebi. xSirad jgufebSi swored amitom warmoiS-veba konfliqti. maswavlebeli sTavazobs gunds konfliqtis mSvidobiani mogvarebis gzas. Tu amas gundi ver miaRwevs, anu ver ipovis gamosavals, is samuSao procesidan vardeba.

jgufis SerCeva sxvadasxvagvarad xdeba. jgufi SeiZleba SeirCes ise, rom TiToeul maTganSi Tanabari SesaZleblobebis bavSvebi gaerTiandnen, SeiZleba cal-calke Sedges biWebisa da gogonebis gundebi da sxv. SesaZlebelia SemTxveviTi princip-iT SerCevac, raTa moswavleebi mieCvion ucxo garemoSi nebi-smier partniorTan urTierTobas. jgufebad danawileba unda moxdes operatiulad (2-3 wT.).

SesaZloa maswavlebelma Tavad daadginos jgufis muSao-bis wesebi (mag.: lideris arCeva), magram umjobesia muSaobis sistemis Seqmna miandos bavSvebs (ra Tqma unda, maswavleblis rekomendaciebis gaTvaliswinebiT). kargia, Tu jgufi Tvi-Ton airCevs, vin waradginos klasis winaSe Tavisi namuSevari. maswavlebeli Tvals adevnebs moswavleebis muSaobas, Tumca es imgvarad xdeba, rom bavSvebs ar SeeqmnaT STabeWdielba, TiTqos maswavlebeli maT Tavze adgas. maswavlebeli ar unda Caerios jgufis muSaobaSi, garda im SemTxvevisa, Tu jgufi misgan moiTxovs raime ganmartebas an Seatyobs, rom jgufma arasworad gaigo piroba.

aqtiuri meTodikebiTa da jgufuri TamaSebiT muSaobisas maswavlebeli ukana planze gadadis. igi gezis mimcemisa da meTvalyuris rols asrulebs da bolomde neitralur wamyva-nad rCeba. samuSaos damTavrebis Semdeg jgufebi warmoadgenen sakuTar namuSevrebs. prezentaciis dros maswavlebeli kiTx-vebs ar svams da ar awyvetinebs azrs momxsenebels.


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Semowmebis teqnika da instrumentebi

saswavlo procesis warmatebiT warmarTvis mizniT kargi iqneba, Tu gamoiyenebT Sefasebis Tanamedrove xerxebs. maTi meSveobiT izomeba ara mxolod codna, aramed SeZenili unar-Cvevebi da azrovnebac.

gTavazobT Semowmebis zogierT xerxs, romelic interaqti-uri swavleba-swavlis procesSi gamoiyeneba:1. saqaRalde/portfolio - Semowmebis am xerxis saSualebiT

xdeba moswavleTa namuSevrebis Segroveba. saqaRaldeSi xvdeba yvelanairi namuSevari: sawyisi versia, cvlilebe-bi da srulyofili varianti. sawyisi da saboloo varian-tebis Sedarebis safuZvelze dgindeba moswavlis winsvlis xarisxi.

2. warmodgena, prezentacia _ warmodgena aris gansaxilvel sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli situaciis Seqmna (simulacia), xolo prezentacia _ Seswavlili masalis wardgena audito-riis winaSe.

3. rubrikebi _ TemasTan dakavSirebuli indikatorebis siste-ma, romelsac maswavlebeli winaswar adgens da Semdeg aTanxmebs moswavleebTan. rubrikebSi mocemulia miRwevis doneebi (mag.: dabali, saSualo, maRali).

4. TviTSefaseba da Sefaseba wyvilebSi _ moswavleebi TviTon amowmeben da adgenen, Tu ra sWirdebaT maT Semdgomi gan-viTarebisaTvis. moswavleebi amowmeben da afaseben erT-maneTis namuSevars. Semdeg isini maswavlebelTan erTad cdiloben daadginon, kidev ra sakiTxi unda daematon Ses-wavlil Temas srulyofisaTvis.

5. SemowmebisaTvis SesaZlebelia gamoviyenebul iqnas speci-alurad Sedgenili kiTxvarebi.

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gakveTilis gegmis nimuSebi

Tema - samarTlianoba, kanoniereba da marTlwesrigi

mizani

moswavleebi gaecnobian kanonebs da gaaanalizeben maT aucileblobas sazogadoebrivi cxovrebisaTvis samarTlebriv saxelmwifoSi. isini gaigeben, Tu ra uflebebi da movaleobebi aqvT arasrulwlovnebs.

xangrZlivoba - ori gakveTili (akademiuri saaTi)saWiro nivTebi

furclebi, kalmebi, markerebi, A1 formatis qaRaldebi.

gakveTili I - Cven da kanoni

gakveTilis procesi

maswavlebeli gakveTils iwyebs kiTxviT:

samarTlianad miaCniaT Tu ara kanoni, rom bavSvebma 6 wlis asakidan skolaSi unda iaron da zrdasrulebma ki_ara?

is sTxovs moswavleebs 1-2 wuTis dafiqrebis Semdeg gansaz-Rvron sakuTari Sefaseba. Semdeg_moswavleebs, romlebsac es debuleba samarTlianad miaCniaT - gadajgufdnen saklaso oTaxis marcxena nawilSi, xolo sapirispiro mosazrebis mqone moswavleebs - marjvenaSi. maTTvis, vinc arc erT jgufSi ar gadava, maswavlebeli gamoyofs oTaxis centralur nawils (dro - 2-3 wuTi).

gadajgufebis Semdgom, maswavlebeli momxreebisa da mowi-naaRmdegebis jgufebs aZlevs 5-7 wuTs imisTvis, rom erTma-neTTan Sejerebulad Camoayalibon or-ori argumenti saku-Tari poziciis dasabuTebisTvis da gamoyon TiTo mopasuxe moswavle.

neitraluri poziciis moswavleebidan maswavlebeli moix-mobs or moxalises, raTa maT warmodgenili argumentebi Caw-eron dafaze cxrilSi:


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samarTliania usamarTloa

drois amowurvis Semdeg, maswavlebeli Tanmimdevro-biT sTxovs gamoyofil mopasuxeebs araumetes 3-3 wuTis ganmavlobaSi gadmoscen Sesabamisi jgufebis argumentebi. igi miuTiTebs, rom am savarjiSoSi reglamentis dacva mniS-vnelovania.

argumentebis mosmenisa da Caweris Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs neitraluri jgufis wevrebs 1-2 wuTis dafiqrebis Sem-deg gansazRvron - romeli jgufis dasabuTeba miaCniaT ufro damajereblad da am daskvnis mixedviT gadainacvlon Sesabam-isi jgufisken. maswavlebeli `mimxrobili neitralebis~ ra-odenobebs aRniSnavs dafaze cxrilis Sesabamis mxares.

nebismieri Sedegis pirobebSi am aqtivobis bolos maswav-lebeli 2-3 wuTis ganmavlobaSi uambobs moswavleebs im val-debulebebis Sesaxeb, romlebic mas, rogorc zrdasruls, aqvs cxovrebaSi, samsaxurebrivi movaleobebis garda.

maswavlebeli ajamebs savarjiSos daskvniT, rom adami-anebs, moqalaqeebs mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi rogorc garkveuli uflebebi, ise movaleobebi aqvT da isini asakTan erTad icvleba.

axla maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTavazobs 3-5 wuTis gan-mavlobaSi wyvilebSi kiTxvaris Sevsebas, raTa moswavleebi erTmaneTs daexmaron swori pasuxebis gacemaSi. muSaobis dros maswavlebeli gadaadgildeba klasSi, yuradRebiT akvirdeba wyvilebs da Tu amCnevs, rom romelime wyvils uWirs pasuxebis gacema, is sTavazobs daxmarebas dasmuli kiTxvis gaazrebaSi.

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kiTxvari:

romeli asakidan moqmedebs saqarTveloSi Semdegi qmede-bebis momwesrigebeli kanonebi:

1. manqanis marTvis uflebis aReba;

2. daqorwineba;

3. arCevnebSi monawileoba;

4. samxedro samsaxurSi wasvla;

5. gadasaxadebis gadaxda;

6. politikur saqmianobaSi Cabma;

7. sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba;

8. iaraRis tareba;

9. azartul TamaSebSi monawileoba.

Semdeg maswavlebeli wyvilebs sTavazobs, TanmimdevrobiT warmoadginon pasuxebi. Tavd ki dafaze cxrilSi iniSnavs maT. Tu romelime pasuxi ganmeorda, igi iqve aRniSnavs jeradobas (dro - 7-10 wuTi).

am aRricxvis Semdeg maswavlebeli jer aRniSnavs da waax-alisebs swori pasuxebs da miuTiTebs im samarTlebriv aqtebs, romlebic awesrigeben aRniSnul qmedebebs. Semdeg Tanmimdev-robiT asaxelebs da iqve asworebs mcdar pasuxebs. igi am Sem-TxvevaSic asaxelebs Sesabamis normatiul aqts da mokled ganmartavs debulebas. igi Seaxsenebs moswavleebs, rom ufro vrclad am samarTlebrivi debulebebis naxva maT SeuZliaT moswavlis wignsa da mis danarTSi (dro - 12-15 wuTi)

Semdeg maswavlebeli warmarTavs xanmokle saklaso disku-sias kiTxviT:

mogwonT Tu ara es asakobrivi zRvrebi?igi uxsnis moswavleebs, rom TiToeulma moswavlem pasuxis

mocemuli sami variantidan erT-erTi unda airCios da miuTi-Tos argumenti:

a) Zalian maRali;b) Zalian dabali;


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g) normaluri.maswavlebeli urCevs moswavleebs, rom 5 wuTis ganmavloba-

Si gaecnon moswavlis wignSi mocemul sainformacio masalas arasrulwlovnebisa sxvadasxva kanonebTan kavSirs. (sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsamde), amasTan moifiqron pasuxebi am masali-dan dasmul kiTxvebze.

diskusia SeiZleba warimarTos 1-15 wuTis ganmavlobaSi, romlis drosac maswavlebeli SesaZloa ganmeorebiT usvamdes moswavleebs im kiTxvebs, romlebic moswavlis wignSia miTiTe-buli.

maswavlebeli ajamebs diskusiis Sedegebs da uxsnis moswav-leebs, rom moqalaqes asakis matebasTan erTad emateba ara marto uflebebi, aramed movaleobebi da pasuxismgeblobebi. am daskvnis sailustraciod igi CamoTvlis pasuxismgeblobebs, romelic axlavs kiTxvarSi aRniSnul qmedebebs (dro - 7-10 wuTi).

gakveTilis dasasruls maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, gaecnon saxelmZRvaneloSi moyvanil situacias da uxsnis, rom Semdeg mecadineobaze maT unda gaiTamaSon am situaciis Sesa-bamisi sasamarTlo procesis sxdoma. Sesabamisad, igi exmareba moswavleebs rolebis gadanawilebaSi.

maswavlebeli uxsnis moswavleebs, romeli rolebis gas-aazreblad dasWirdebaT SeTanxmebulad momzadeba momdevno gakveTilisaTvis. amasTan, urCevs moswavleebs, gaecnon mo-swavlis wignSi mocemul informacias arasrulwlovnebTan da-kavSirebuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis Sesaxeb. igi ganmar-tavs, rom informaciis gacnobasTan erTad moswavleebisaTvis Zalian sasargeblo iqneba iqve mocemul kiTxvebze dasabuTe-buli pasuxebis gacema.

maswavlebeli da samarTaldamcveli ganawilebisas iTval-iswineben moswavleTa saerTo raodenobasa da sasamarTlos sx-domis monawileTa aucilebel kategoriebs. Sesabamisad, Sesa-Zlebelia Semcirdes an gaizardos nafici msajulebis, dacvisa da braldebis jgufebis, mowmeebisa da sxdomaze damswreTa raodenobebi.

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situacia imitirebuli sasamarTlo procesisaTvis:

praqtikumze moswavleebi iyofian Semdeg monawileebad: •msjavrdebuli - 1; •dacvis jgufi - 2-idan 5-mde (klasSi moswavleTa raode-

nobis Sesabamisad);•braldebis jgufi - 2-idan 5-mde (klasSi moswavleTa ra-

odenobis Sesabamisad);•nafici msajulebi - 6-idan 12-mde (2-idan 5-mde) (klasSi

moswavleTa raodenobis Sesabamisad);•mosamarTle - 1;•sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivani - 1.

mowmeebi - 6:sxdomaze damswre sazogadoeba:

saqmis masalebs amuSaveben dacvisa da braldebis jgufebi, xolo nafici msajulebi moismenen ukve maT mier damuSavebul masalas, mowmeebisa da msjavrdebulis Cvenebebs. saboloo gadawyvetileba gamoaqvT nafic msajulebs, xolo sasjels ufardebs mosamarTle.

maswavleblema savaraudo mosamarTles, nafici msajulebis, dacvisa da braldebis jgufebis monawileebs unda daurigos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis is muxlebi, romlebic SesaZloa gamoyenebuli iqnas aRniSnuli qmedebis samarTlebrivi Se-fasebisas.

gakveTili II - rogor moqmedebs kanoni

gakveTilis procesi

es gakveTili mTlianad eTmoba rolebiT TamaSs. sasurve-lia, Tuki maswavlebeli moiwvevs sasamarTlo sxdomaze monaw-ileobis gamocdilebis mqone iurists (mosamarTle, advokati, prokurori, gamomZiebeli an sxva)

maswavlebeli jer rwmundeba, mzad arian Tu ara moswavlee-bi wina gakveTilze ganawilebuli rolebis Sesasruleblad.


85

amis Semdeg, sTxovs stumars, rom 5 wuTis ganmavlobaSi ganumartos moswavleebs sasamarTlos sxdomis proceduruli Tanmimdevroba an Tavad akeTebs amas. Seaxsenebs moswavleebs, rom sxdomis imitacia ar unda gagrZeldes 20-25 wuTze meti, raTa yvelas erTad mieces misi ganxilvisa da gaanalizebis sa-Sualeba.

rolebiT TamaSis msvlelobisas maswavlebeli da SesaZlo stumari mxolod reglamentis Semxseneblebi arian. imavdrou-lad, maswavlebeli da stumari iniSnaven TiToeuli monawilis Sesabamisobasa Tu Seusabamobas kanonTan, raTa Semajamebeli ganxilvisas moswavleebs misces zusti rekomendaciebi.

imitaciis dasrulebis Semdgom maswavlebeli warmarTavs saklaso diskusias Semdegi kiTxvebiT:

•kmayofili xarT Tu ara SedegiT?•Tqveni azriT, samarTliania Tu ara sasamarTlos mier

miRebuli gadawyvetileba?•romeli jgufis muSaoba iyo ufro efeqturi?•SeicvaleT Tu ara pozicia sxva monawileTa gamosvlis

Semdeg?•ramdenad imoqmeda Tqvenma gamosvlam sxvebis

gadawyvetilebaze?•kmayofili xarT Tu ara Tqveni jgufis muSaobiT? saku-

Tari TaviT?•isurvebdiT Tu ara odesme imave rolis Sesrulebas?•aris Tu ara sasamarTlo is adgili, sadac samarTali

dgindeba?diskusiis dros maswavlebeli iuridiuli xasiaTis ganmar-

tebebis gakeTebasa da rekomendaciebis gacnobas sTxovs stumars, romelsac Sesabamisi Canawerebi aqvs imitaciis monawi-leTa moqmedebebTan dakavSirebiT.

diskusiis Sejamebisas maswavlebeli sTxovs stumars, ganum-artos moswavleebs, kanonis Tanaxmad, ra SedegebiT SeiZlebo-da dasrulebuliyo am situaciis sasamarTlo ganxilva?

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Tema - konfliqtis ganviTarebisa da

misi mogvarebis gzebi

mizani

moswavleebi gaecnobian konfliqtebis tipebsa da maTi mogvarebis gzebs. gaaanalizeben konfliqtebis mSvidobianad mogvarebis sargeblianobas.

xangrZlivoba - erTi gakveTili (akademiuri saaTi).saWiro nivTebi _ furclebi, kalmebi, markerebi, A1 for-

matis qaRaldebi.

gakveTilis procesi

maswavlebeli akeTebs mcire Sesavals, rom konfliqti da konfliqturi situaciebi yoveldRiuri cxovrebis nawilia, magram Tu adamians SeuZlia konfliqtTa marTva da gakon-troleba, maSin es sulac ar aris uaryofiTi movlena.

Semdeg igi ganmartavs, Tu ras niSnavs sazogadoebrivi kon-fliqti da misi xuTi sxvadasxva tipi (dro - 5 wuTi). sazogadoebrivi konfliqti aris uTanxmoeba, romelic war-moiSoba sazogadoebis wevrebsa an individebs Soris. ZiriTa-dad ganixilaven xuTi tipis sazogadoebriv konfliqts: Ri-rebulebiTi (dakavSirebuli garkveul damokidebulebebTan ama Tu im movlenis mimarT), informaciuli (dakavSirebuli informaciis simcire/siWarbesTan, xarisxTan, dezinformacia-sTan), urTierTdamokidebulebiTi (romelsac qmnis urTier-Tobis nakleboba an ararseboba), instituciuri (ukavSird-eba wesebs, kanonebs, normebs) da interesTa (dakavSirebuli moTxovnilebebTan da qcevebTan). am tipis konfliqtebi xSiria yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi, zog SemTxvevaSi erTdroulad ram-denime saxis konfliqti iCens Tavs.

3-5 wuTis ganmavlobaSi gonebrivi ieriSis meTodiT maswav-lebeli adgens, Tu visTan (TanatolebTan, ufrosebTan, um-crosebTan, sapirispiro sqesis warmomadgenlebTan, ubnelebT-an, ucnobebTan, ojaxis wevrebTan da a.S.) mosdiT yvelaze xSirad moswavleebs konfliqti.


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igi dafaze wers Sesabamis CamonaTvals.Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebs yofs 4 jgufad da yovel

jgufs aZlevs TiTo situaciur amocanas. igi sTxovs moswav-leebs, 5 wuTis ganmavlobaSi ganixilon mocemuli amocana, daadginon sazogadoebrivi konfliqtis romel tips miekuT-vneba aRniSnuli konfliqti da argumentirebulad warmoadgi-non sakuTari Sexedulebebi.

situaciuri amocanebi:

1. ...

2. ...

3. ...

4. ...

jgufebSi muSaobis Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs TiToeul maTgans, TanmimdevrobiT 2-2 wuTis ganmavlobaSi warmoadgi-non sakuTari mosazreba. moxalise moswavle exmareba maswav-lebels mosazrebaTa dafaze CaweraSi:

konfliqtis tipebi

jgufi situacia RirebulebiTi informaciuli urTierTdamokidebulebiTi instituciuri interesTa

1

2

3

4

Semdeg maswavlebeli uxsnis moswavleebs, rom arsebobs konfliqtis mogvarebis mravali xerxi, romlebic 3 ZiriTad tipad SeiZleba daiyos. igi moswavleebs sTxovs, waikiTxon Se-sabamisi ganmartebebi moswavlis wignSi. Semdeg ki ganumartavs konfliqtis mogvarebis 5 ZiriTad strategias (dro - 5-7 wuTi).

axla igi isev mimarTavs imave jgufebs da sTxovs, rom See-cadon maT mier ganxiluli konfliqturi situaciebis gadaW-

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ras. amisaTvis aZlevs 7-7 wuTs. Tan Seaxsenebs, rom maT unda daasabuTon sakuTari gadawyvetileba.

drois amowurvis Semdeg maswavlebeli TanmimdevrobiT sTxovs jgufebs, 3-3 wuTis ganmavlobaSi warmoadginon saku-Tari xedva da argumentebi. dasasrul, maswavlebeli kanonTan Sesabamisobis kuTxiT ajamebs rogorc mocemuli situaciebis monawileTa moqmedebebs, ise jgufebis mier SemoTavazebul mogvarebis gzebs (dro - 15-17 wuTi).

axla maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, gaiTvaliswinon situaciuri amocanebis analizi da komentarebi axali sa-varjiSos Sesrulebisas.

maswavlebeli igive 4 jgufs aZlevs erTsa da imave situ-acias. is sTxovs moswavleebs, rom TiToeulma jgufma 5-7 wuTis Semdeg warmoadginos aRniSnuli konfliqtis mSvidobi-anad mogvarebis esa Tu is xerxi da strategia, amasTan, daas-abuTos Tavisi arCevani.

drois gasvlis Semdeg maswavlebeli TiToeul jgufs aZlevs 3-3 wuTs sakuTari mosazrebebis warmosadgenad. igi jgufebis warmodgenil variantebs asaxavs dafaze

Semdeg maswavlebeli mimarTavs mTel klass, gamoavlinos yvelaze efeqturi varianti (dro - 3-5 wuTi).

dasasrul, maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, daasaxelon yvelaze samarTliani varianti. SesaZlebelia, es gamovlena moxdes saklaso diskusiis meTodiT.


89

Tema - usafrTxo da jansaRi garemo

mizani

moswavleebma unda gaiazron mavne Cvevebis SesaZlo Sede-gebi da daasabuTon maTi Tavidan acilebis aucilebloba.

xangrZlivoba - erTi gakveTili (erTi akademiuri saaTi).saWiro nivTebi _ furclebi, kalmebi, patara baraTebi,

markerebi, A1 formatis qaRaldebi.

gakveTilis procesi

maswavlebeli ganumartavs moswavleebs, rom am gakveTi-lis mizania adamianisa Tu sazogadoebis keTildReobasa da kanonebs Soris kavSiris danaxva. is urigebs moswavleebs pa-tara baraTebs da sTxovs, rom 2 wuTis ganmavlobaSi maT Camow-eron is Cvevebi / Tvisebebi, romelic adamians xels uSlis jansaR, normalur cxovrebaSi, sxvebTan urTierTobaSi.

samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs moswav-leebs, sakuTari baraTebi miamagron dafaze, Tan xmamaRla waikiTxon sakuTari Canaweri, xolo maswavlebeli paralelu-rad avsebs formatze daxazuli Sesabamisi sqemis 1-l svets (dro - 5 wuTi).

Cveva/Tviseba Sedegi pirovnebisTvis Sedegi sazogadoebisTvis

maswavlebeli sqemaze gamoyofs im Cvevebs, romlebic mo-swavleTa umravlesobam mniSvnelovnad miiCnia. igi moswavlee-bs acnobs janmrTelobis msoflio organizaciis 2006 wlis an-gariSidan or ganmartebas:

,,janmrTeloba fizikuri, sulieri da socialuri keTil-dReobaa da ara mxolod daavadebaTa da dazianebaTa ararseboba`.

90


,,janmrTelobis 50% damokidebulia cxovrebis wesze, 20% _ garemo faqtorebze, 20% genetikaze da 10% _ medicinisa da sa-medicino momsaxurebis ganviTarebis doneze`.(dro - 5 wuTi)

maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, daukavSiron es ganmarte-bebi maT mier gamovlenil yvelaze mavne Cvevebs da 2-3 wuTiani mofiqrebis Semdeg daasaxelon am Cvevebis Sedegebi pirovnebi-sa da mis garSemo myofi sazogadoebisTvis. dasaxelebul Sede-gebs maswavlebeli an moxalise moswavle Cawers sqemaSi. Ses-aZlebelia, maswavlebelma imave Sedegs miaRwios daaxloebiT 5-7 wuTiani saklaso diskusiis gziT.

maswavlebeli sTxovs samarTaldamcvels, ganmartos, See-sabameba Tu ara moswavleebis mier dasaxelebuli Sedegebi kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebul Sedegebs. Tuki moswavleebs raime gamorCaT, maswavlebeli daamatebs (dro - 3-5 wuTi).

Semdgom etapze maswavlebeli yofs klass 3 jgufad da TiToeuls sTavazobs, 7-10 wuTis ganmavlobaSi ganixilos darigebuli situaciebi moswavlis wignSi arsebuli Sesabamisi vrceli informaciis gamoyenebiT. maswavlebeli ganmartavs, rom jgufebma unda warmoadginon situaciis monawileTa mo-qmedebebis moraluri da samarTlebrivi Sefaseba da CamoTva-lon am situaciebis Tavidan acilebis gzebi.

situaciebi:

1. ....2. .....3. .....

jgufebi 3-3 wuTis ganmavlobaSi warmoadgenen TavianT mo-sazrebebs.

maswavlebeli yofs klass 4 jgufad da or maTgans (mag.: 1-l da me-3 jgufebs) sTavazobs cal-calke warmoidginos da aRweros narkomanis erTi sadagi dRe, xolo jgufebis meore wyvils sTavazobs analogiur davalebas totalizatoriT da kazinoTi gatacebul adamianebTan dakavSirebiT. samuSaosTvis


91

jgufebs aZlevs 5-7 wuTs, xolo prezentaciisTvis_7-7 wuTs. jgufebis muSaobisas maswavlebeli konsultirebas uwevs mo-swavleebs, Tuki maT sWirdebaT raime nivTierebis, wesis, kan-onis an movlenis dasaxelebis aRniSvna.

prezentaciebis (dro - 20 wuTi) Semdeg maswavlebeli aj-amebs, Tu ramdenad Seesabameba realobas warmodgenili situ-aciebi (dro – 5 wuTi).

maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, gakveTilze miRebuli codnis / gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT individualurad Seavson mravalwaxnagiani reitingis sqema principiT `yvelaze mavne - naklebad mavne~ da gakveTilis bolos miakran es fur-clebi dafaze (dro - 3 wuTi)

dasasrul maswavlebeli `reitingebis gamofenis~ daTva-lierebiT aRniSnavs saerTo-saklaso reitings da askvnis, rom sinamdvileSi nebismieri mavne Cveva, romelsac kanonsawinaaR-mdego moqmedebebamde mihyavs adamiani, erTnairad mZime Sede-gebis momtania, rogorc pirovnebis, ise sazogadoebisTvis.

Tema _ ra aris arCevnebi

mizani

•arCevnebis safuZvlebis, arsisa da mniSvnelobis gaazreba;•saarCevno uflebebisa da sistemebis klasifikaciis gac-

noba;•adamianis uflebebis, demokratiisa da arCevnebis urT-

ierTkavSiris gaazreba.saWiro resursebi - furclebi, kalmebi, markerebi, frag-

menti animaciuri filmidan `evrokavSiri da italia~.xangrZlivoba - erTi gakveTili

gakveTilis procesi

maswavlebeli moswavleebs acnobs sganmanaTleblo progra-mis miznebsa da amocanebs. aseve, gonebrivi ieriSis gamoyenebiT arkvevs maT molodins programis SedegebTan dakavSirebiT.

Semdeg maswavlebeli mokled mimoixilavs arCevnebis rols

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demokratiul sazogadoebaSi. igi acnobs moswavleebs adamia-nis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis 21-e muxls. sTxovs maT, dafiqrdnen 3 wuTi da Camoayalibon sakuTari daskvna kiTxvaze: ra mniSvneloba aqvs arCevnebs qveynis ganviTarebi-saTvis?

maswavlebeli moismens da dafaze afiqsirebs pirveli 5 mo-swavlis mosazrebas. Semdeg svams kiTxvas: xom ar aris iseTi moswavle, romelsac sruliad gansxvavebuli mosazreba gaaC-nia? Tu aseTi aRmoCnda, mis daskvnasac moismens da Cawers dafaze. bolos maswavlebeli ajamebs moswavleTa mosazrebebs.

maswavlebeli aCvenebs klass fragments animaciuri film-idan `evrokavSiri da italia~. igi marTavs mcire diskusias ZiriTadi kiTxviT:

naCvenebi ori modelidan romlis damkvidreba surT saqa-rTveloSi da ratom?

Semdeg uxsnis moswavleebs saqarTveloSi arCevnebis Cat-arebis kanonier safuZvlebs: sayovelTao, Tanaswori da pirda-piri, aseve aqtiur da pasiur saarCevno uflebebis arss.

maswavlebeli yofs klass 4 jgufad da aZlevs maT davale-bas: yuradRebiT gaecnon moswavlis wignSi mocemul informa-cias da 5 wuTiani ganxilvis Semdeg TiToeulma jgufma war-moadginos dasabuTebuli pasuxi maTTvis dasmul kiTxvaze:

•1-li jgufi - ratom aris mniSvnelovani arCevnebis say-ovelTaooba?

•me-2 jgufi - ra mniSvneloba aqvs sayovelTao arCevnebis dros Tanasworobis principis dacvas?

•me-3 jgufi - ratom aris mniSvnelovani saarCevno pro-cesis sajarooba?

•me-4 jgufi - ratom aris mniSvnelovani pirdapiri arCev-nebi?

jgufebis namuSevrebis wardgenis Semdeg maswavlebeli warmarTavs mcire diskusias ZiriTadi kiTxviT: ra SeiZleba gamoiwvios sayovelTao, Tanaswori da pirdapiri saarCevno uflebebis SezRudvam? am diskusiis amocanaa jufebSi cal-calke ganxiluli sakiTxebis dakavSireba, gaazreba da Sejame-ba.


93

naswavlis gansamtkiceblad maswavlebeli warmarTavs struqturirebul 10 wuTian diskusias `kuTxeebis~ meTodis gamoyenebiT. erTi sadiskusio fraza SesaZlebelia SeirCes Semdegi CamonaTvalidan imis mixedviT, Tu romeli aspeqti iyo gakveTilis ganmavlobaSi naklebad ganxiluli:

•`arCevnebSi monawileoba Cveni zneobrivi valia!~•`demokratiul sazogadoebaSi Zalaufleba gaaCniaT mx-

olod politikosebs~;•`xalxs iseTi lideri yavs, rogorsac imsaxurebs~;•`moqalaqeebis valia gaakontrolon mTavrobis yovel-

dRiuri moqmedeba~.gakveTilis bolos maswavlebeli klass yofs sam jgufad:

`saprezidento~, ̀ saparlamento~ da ̀ adgilobrivi~. moswavlee-bs eZlevaT individualuri saSinao davaleba: sakuTari jgufis saxelwodebis Sesabamisad gaecnon saxelmZRvanelos Tema 2-Si mocemul informacias (saqarTvelos prezidentis arCevnebi, saqarTvelos parlamentis arCevnebi, sakrebuloebis arCevnebi) da Semdegi gakveTilisaTvis werilobiT Camoayalibon saku-Tari dasabuTebuli mosazrebebi Semdeg kiTxvebze:

• romeli saarCevno sistema gamoiyeneba saqarTveloSi gansaxilveli arCevnebisas?

• ramdenad pasuxobs gansaxilveli arCevnebi saqarTveloSi moqalaqis saarCevno uflebis TiToeul safuZvels: sayovelTao, Tanaswori, pirdapiri?

• Tqveni azriT, saqarTveloSi ramdenad samarTliania gansaxilveli arCevnebis sakanonmdeblo pirobebi?

• Tu amCnevT xarvezs, aRwereT Tqven rogori pirobebi migaCniaT ufro samarTlianad?

• rogor da ra gziT warmogidgeniaT Tqvens mier aRwerili cvlilebebis dakanoneba?

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Tema 3 - arCevnebi sajaro skolaSi

mizani

•saqarTveloSi sajaro skolis mmarTvelobisa da TviTT-marTvelobis organoebis funqciebis gacnoba;

•moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis mniSvnelobisa da Sesa-Zleblobebis gaazreba.

saWiro resursebi - furclebi, kalmebi, markerebi, didi formatis qaRaldebi.

xangrZlivoba - erTi gakveTili (am gakveTilze sasurvelia mowveuli iyos skolis sameurveo sabWos wevri)

gakveTilis procesimaswavlebeli dafaze wers frazebs:•ganaTlebis ufleba;•azrovnebis Tavisuflebisa da azris gamoxatvis ufleba;•sakuTari qveynis marTvaSi monawileobis ufleba.igi moswavleebs sTxovs 5 wuTis ganmavlobaSi wyvilebSi

imsjelon ganaTlebis uflebis Sesafaseblad - vin Rebulobs gadawyvetilebebs Tu ra da rogor unda iswavlos moswavlem? maswavlebeli urCevs, rom yuradrebiT daakvirdnen dafaze daweril frazebs. wyvilebSi msjelobis Sedegebs maswavle-beli ganixilavs mcire saerTo diskusiis saxiT (dro 5 wuTi).

maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, wyvilebi gaerTiandnen oTxeulebad da Camoayalibon SeTanxmebuli daskvnebi Semdeg sakiTxebze (dro 10 wuTi):

• rogor xdeba gadawyvetilebebis miReba Cvens skolaSi?• vin iRebs gadawyvetilebas ra, rogor unda

iswavlebodes da ra RonisZiebebi unda Catardes?• rogor xdeba skolis marTva?• rogor miiReba sabiujeto da finansuri

gadawyvetilebebi?• rogor xdeba saskolo saswavlo gegmisa Tu

Sinaganawesis SemuSaveba?• ramdenad aris gaTvaliswinebuli moswavleebis azri?


95

axla maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, rom oTxeulebi dawyvildnen (8-8 moswavle) da 5-7 wuTis ganmavlobaSi gansaz-Rvron skolaSi demokratiulad arCeuli TviTmmarTvelobis organos/organoebis mniSvneloba. maswavlebeli kvlav amaxvi-lebs moswavleTa yuradRebas dafaze daweril frazebze. imav-droulad, igi urCevs Seajeron saSinao davalebis individual-uri Sedegebi. maswavlebeli TiToeul jgufis warmomadgenels ganxilvis Sedegebis warmosadgenad aZlevs 3-3 wuTs.

amis Semdeg, maswavlebeli klass aZlevs 3-4 wuTs, raTa kidev erTxel gaecnon informacias moswavleTa TviTmmarT-velobis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos sajaro skolebSi. igi aZlevs davalebas 8-8 kacian jgufebs, rom 5-7 wuTis ganmavlobaSi Ca-moayalibon, sakuTar skolaSi moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobas kidev ra funqciis Sesruleba SeuZlia da unda hqondes.

gakveTilis bolos maswavlebeli aZlevs 3-3 wuTs jgufebis warmomadgenlebs saerTo mosazrebebis warmosadgenad. moswav-leTa mier CamoTvlil funqciebs maswavlebeli Camowers da-faze. igi sTxovs moswavleTa TviTmarTvelobis wevrs klasi-dan, 5 wuTSi gaacnos moswavleebs informacia - umsjeliaT Tu ara TviTmmarTvelobis wevrebs aq dasaxelebuli funqciebis Sesaxeb? ra daskvnamde misulan da ratom? misi gamocdilebiT, ramdenad SesaZlebelia aq mowodebuli ideebis ganxorcieleba skolaSi da ratom?

maswavlebeli ajamebs gakveTilis Sedegebs da moswavleTa yuradRebas amaxvilebs maTi TviTmmarTvelobis mniSvnelobasa da SesaZleblobebze. igi Seaxsenebs mozardebs, rom maT win aqvT moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebi da swored, mis samarTlianad CatarebaSi daexmarebaT programis dros miRe-buli gamocdileba.

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Tema - Cemi arCevani: gadawyvetileba da Sedegebi

mizani:

•moswavleebisaTvis gasagebi gaxdeba gadawyvetilebis miRebis SesaZleblobebi, romlebic normaluri yovel-dRiuri cxovrebis nawils warmoadgens;

•gadawyvetilebis miRebis yvela etapis Sesaxeb miRebuli informacia gamoumuSavebT moswavleebs gadawyvetilebis miRebis unars;

•moswavleebi iswavlian, rogor gamoiyenon kritikuli azrovneba gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi.

xangrZlivoba - erTi gakveTiliaqtivoba 1 (15 wT.)maswavlebeli sTavazobs bavSvebs Semdeg situacias: „Tqven

gindaT ezoSi TamaSi, magram saSinao davaleba jer ar mogimza-debiaT. Tqveni megobrebi gixmoben ezoSi saTamaSod. rogor moiqceviT?~

maswavlebeli sTxovs bavSvebs xelis aweviT daadasturon, Tu romel gadawyvetilebas miiReben:

1. Cavlen saTamaSod ezoSi; 2. davalebas moamzadeben.Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, gaiazron is Sede-

gebi, romlebic ama Tu im arCevans SeiZleba mohyves. maswav-lebeli variantebs wers dafaze. maswavlebeli isev mimarTavs maT, kidev erTxel miiRon gadawyvetileba, bolos imarTeba diskusia Semdegi kiTxvebis gamoyenebiT:

• ioli iyo Tu ara gadawyvetilebis miReba?• romel SemTxvevaSi iyo gadawyvetileba sworad

miRebuli?• ra Seicvala, roca Sedegebi gaaanalizeT da ratom?• ra iswavleT am savarjiSodan?mniSvnelovania maswavlebelma yuradReba gaamaxvilos ima-

ze, rom nebismier gadawyvetilebas raRac Sedegi mohyveba, rom gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi mTavaria SesaZlo Sedegebis gansazRvra, dadebiTisa da uaryofiTi mxareebis Sejereba da amis safuZvelze optimaluri gadawyvetilebis miReba.


97

maswavlebeli dafaze amagrebs formats, romelzedac Camowerilia gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesis safexurebi da ganmartavs maT.

kargi gadawyvetilebis miRebisaTvis saWiroa:

• aqtiurad mosmenis unari _ namdvilad mosmena imisa, rasac sxva pirovneba ambobs;

• TanagrZnoba _ gageba imisa, Tu ras grZnobs adamiani;• molaparakebis gamarTvis unari _ im mxareTa mier erT-

maneTis interesebis gagebis unari, romlebsac SeexebaT gadawyvetileba;

• kritikuli azrovneba _ alternativebis moZieba/Sexedule-bebis Sefaseba.

gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesi Sedgeba Semdegi safexurebisagan:

• problemis gansazRvra. es aucileblad naTlad unda iyos gagebuli, raTa SemoTavazebulma gamosavalma Sedegi mogvces;

• sakuTari miznebis gageba. arCeul miznebze gavlenas axdens Rirebulebebi da is faqtorebi, rac mniSvnelovania. Rire-bulebaTa prioritetebis gansazRvriT ufro naTlad Cans, Tu ra aris sasurveli;

• alternativebis CamoTvla. Tu rogor SeiZleba moiqceva; TiToeuli saqcielis Sedegis gaiTvaliswinebiT;

• gamosavalis SerCeva. saukeTeso gamosavalis SerCeva da Se-sabamisad moqceva;

• pasuxismgeblobis aReba. pasuxismgeblobis aReba da Sede-gebisTvis mzadyofna;

• Sefaseba. gadawyvetilebis miReba, raTa gamoCndes Tu ram-denad karg gavlenas axdens SerCeuli gamosavali;

• arCevanis gadasinjva. pirveli arCevanis gadasinjva im Sem-TxvevaSi Tu is ar aris mosawoni. gadasinjva procesis

98


nawilia;• obieqturoba da konkretuloba. daZabulobisa da gaRiz-

iasnebulobis SemTxvevaSi gadawyvetilebis miRebisa-gan Tavis arideba. raTa ar gaxdes aucilebeli miRebuli gadawyvetilebis gadasinjva.aqtivoba 2 (20 wT.): maswavlebeli mimarTavs bavSvebs: „war-

moidgineT, rom erT mSvenier dRes iRviZebT da igebT, rom im qalaqSi, sadac cxovrobT, erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi ufrosi Taobis adamianebi aRar iqnebian. Tqven SegiZliaT gaakeToT yvelaferi, rac gindaT. rogor moiqceviT?~ pasuxebi iwereba dafaze.

maswavlebeli dayofs klass jgufebad 4-5 moswavlis Semad-genlobiT da daavalebs moifiqron da Camoweron is Sedegebi, romelic mohyveba maT mier arCeul qmedebebs.

qmedebebisa da Sedegebis ganxilvis Semdeg moswavleebs mas-wavlebeli sTxovs datovon is variantebi, romlebic yvelasaT-vis misaRebi da amasTanave, dadebiTi Sedegebis momtani iqneba.

savarjiSos dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebisaTvis dasasme-li SekiTxvebi:

• `ra SeityveT axali Tqvens Sesaxeb?~• `ra iswavleT?~ aqtivoba 3 (20 wT.): gamarjvebuli moswavleebisaTvis mas-

wavlebels gamzadebuli aqvs pirobiTi wamaxalisebeli prizebi (jobs mcire prizebi - mag: `Rimilebi~, magram didi raodeno-bis).

maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs pirispir dasxdnen da mklavWidelebiviT xelebi gadaaWdon. is ganumartavs moswav-leebs, rom TiToeulis mizania 2-3 wuTis ganmavlobaSi rac SeiZleba meti prizi moipovos, romelsac metoqis mklavis yoveli gadawevisTvis miiRebs.

rogorc wesi, mimdinareobs xangrZlivi Widili gamarjvebi-saTvis. sazrianebi mogvianebiT xvdebian, rom WidilSi meto-qeebi kargaven dros da amitom rigrigobiT uweven erTmaneTs xels. Tu maswavlebeli atyobs, rom moswavleTa naxevarze


99

meti mainc morevis principiT agrZelebs Sejibrs, imeorebs savarjiSos. Tumca, dawyebamde is afrTxilebs maT, dafiqrd-nen, rogor SeuZliaT ufro meti prizis mopoveba;

savarjiSos dasrulebisas maswavlebeli klass ganxilvisT-vis usvams kiTxvebs:

•am savarjiSodan ra daskvna gamoitaneT? •rogori gadawyvetilebaa momgebiani?maswavlebeli ajamebs gakveTilis Sedegebs.

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gamoyenebuli literatura

1. T. meifariani, l. miqiaSvili, z. miminoSvili - samoqalaqo ganaTleba; me-10kl. saqarTvelos macne. 2006 w.

2. T. bregvaZe, i. petriaSvili - samoqalaqo aRzrda; me-10 kl. bakur sulakauris gamomcemloba. 2006 w.

3. T. meifariani, l. miqiaSvili, m. gonaSvili da sxvebi - samo-qalaqo ganaTleba; me-9kl. saqarTvelos macne. 2008 w.

4. T. qaldani, g. gabrielaSvili, l.gigauri, n. talaxaZe, m. nacvalaZe - samoqalaqo ganaTleba; me-9kl. ekonomikuri ga-naTlebisa da ganviTarebis centri. 2008 w.

5. flauersi, nensi. kompasito: saxelmZRv. adamianis ufleba-Ta ganaTl. sferoSi bavSvebisaTvis/ red. da Tanaavt. nensi flauersi; saxelmZRvanelos momzadebaSi monawileobdnen: maria emilia brederode-santosi [da sxv.]; saboloo red. JuJana seleni; il. daiana negi; [mTarmgn.: Tamar miqaZe, ana gegeWkori; red. daviT gelaSvili] - [Tb., 2009]

6. nino eremaSvili, maka feraZe, elguja makalaTia, giorgi gaxelaZe - samarTlebrivi kultura - saxelmZRvanelo me-9 klaselebisaTvis; proeqti harmonia. 2009 w.

7. rolf golobi, ted hudlestoni, piter krafi, don rouvi,uim taelmani - `cxovreba demokratiul sazogadoe-baSi - wigni III; maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli centri; 2009 w.

8. giorgi gaxelaZe, zurab xrikaZe, giorgi SarabiZe - instruq-cia skolis moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebisaTvis; gaero, cesko, esgSc, ssgrsc, 2010 w.

giorgi gaxelaZe 1991 wlidan igi ga-naTlebis sistemaSi muSaobs, rogorc sa-jaro, ise akademiur da arasamTavrobo seqtorSi. 1992 wels daamTavra iv. javaxiS-vilis saxelobis Tsu fizikis fakulteti. misi saganmanaTleblo gamocdileba mrav-alferovania: maswavlebeli skolaSi, mozardTa saxlSi, saerTaSoriso pro-

eqtebis erovnuli eqsperti, saxelmZRvaneloebis avtori, ga-naTlebis mkvlevari da profesori, zrdasrulTa mwvrTneli rogorc ganaTlebis, ise garemosdacviT da jandacvis sferoSi, akreditaciis eqsperti da a. S. Tavad aqvs gavlili profesiuli ganviTarebis mravali programa saqarTveloSi da mis farglebs gareT.

igi aris erovnuli saswavlo gegmis samoqalaqo ganaTlebis sagnobrivi programis avtori. amJamad igi maswavlebelTa pro-fesiuli ganviTarebis erovnul centrSi samoqalaqo ganaTleb-is konsultantia. imavdroulad, giorgi aris ilias saxelmwifo univeristetSi ganaTlebis mkvlevari asistent-profesoria. igi aswavlis momaval maswavleblebsa da ganaTlebis adminis-tratorebs.

giorgi gaxelaZe

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