Tadeusz PraczykInstitute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute

Poznań, Poland

Praha, 15.06.2011

The focus of the studies

Efficacy of weed control in glyphosate‐resistant maize (NK603) under Polish conditions. 

The influence of glyphosate on biodiversity in comparison to standard weed control systems.

TREATMENTSHerbicides Doses

[L/ha]Time of application

[BBCH]

1. Guardian Max 840 EC + Roundup ReadyRoundup Ready

1.5 + 3.03.0

12‐1316‐17

2. Roundup ReadyRoundup Ready

3.03.0

12‐1316‐17

3. Lumax 537,5 SC   4.0 12‐13

4. Mocarz 75 WG Milagro 040 SC

0.2 kg1.5

12‐1316‐17

Roundup Ready (glyphasate)Guardian Max 840 EC (acetochlor )Lumax 437,5 SC (mezotrione + S-metolachlor + terbuthyloazine)Mocarz 75 WG (tritosulfuron + dicamba)Milagro 040 SC (nicosulfuron)

Trial layout

4

401

3

402

2

403

1

404

4

405

3

406

2

407

1

4082

301

1

302

4

303

3

304

2

305

1

306

4

307

3

3083

201

4

202

1

203

2

204

3

205

4

206

1

207

2

2081

101

2

102

3

103

4

104

1

105

2

106

3

107

4

108

Field with crop rotation(NK603 - oats - NK603)

Field with monoculture of NK603(3 yers)

9 m

8 m

4 treatments4 replications

Planting of corn NK603 

Corn NK 603 at early growth stage

Number of weeds per 1 m2 (field 1, 9 June, 2009)

Traetments Chenopodiumalbum

Violaarvensis

Polygonumpersicaria

Echinochloacrus galli

Elymus repens

1 16,9 17,7 2,3 9,9 0,3

2 46,9 68,1 29,5 275,1 0

3 1,2 2,4 0 0,2 0

4 40,6 43,4 0,3 310,3 0

Number of weeds per 1 m2 (field 2, 9 June, 2009)

Traetments Chenopodiumalbum

Violaarvensis

Polygonumpersicaria

Echinochloacrus galli

Elymus repens

1 5,1 64,1 0,5 0,1 29,8

2 22,6 106,3 22,1 9,7 23,3

3 0,2 1,5 0,1 0,3 40,9

4 11,4 53,1 0,3 55,1 69,7

Number of weeds per 1 m2 (8 June, 2010)

Traetments Chenopodiumalbum

Violaarvensis

Polygonumconvolvulus

Echinochloacrus galli

Elymus repens

1 2.2 13.4 2.3 2.4 0.7

2 1.9 7.6 1.1 10.7 0.8

3 0 0 0 3.9 5.4

4 0.8 15.3 0.7 43.8 4.1

Guardian Max 840 EC + Roundup Ready  1.5 + 3.0 l/ha(BBCH 12‐13)

Roundup Ready  ‐ 3.0 l/ha (BBCH 16‐17)

19th June, 2010

Guardian Max 840 EC + Roundup Ready1.5 + 3.0 l/ha(BBCH 12‐13)

Roundup Ready ‐ 3.0 l/ha (BBCH 16‐17)

12th August, 2010

Guardian Max 840 EC + Roundup Ready  1.5 + 3.0 l/ha(BBCH 12‐13)

Roundup Ready  ‐ 3.0 l/ha (BBCH 16‐17)

20th October, 2010

Roundup Ready ‐ 3.0 l/ha (BBCH 12‐13)Roundup Ready ‐ 3.0 l/ha (BBCH 16‐17)

19th June, 2010

Roundup Ready ‐ 3.0 l/ha (BBCH 12‐13)Roundup Ready ‐ 3.0 l/ha (BBCH 16‐17)

12th August, 2010

Lumax 537,5 SC – 4.0 l/ha (BBCH 12‐13)

19th June, 2010

Lumax 537,5 SC – 4,0 l/ha (BBCH 12‐13)

12th August, 2010

Mocarz 75 WG – 0.2 kg/ha (BBCH 12‐13)Milagro 049 SC – 1.5 l/ha(BBCH 16‐17)

19th June, 2010

Mocarz 75 WG – 0.2 kg/ha (BBCH 12‐13)Milagro 049 SC – 1.5 l/ha(BBCH 16‐17)

12th August, 2010

Yield of corn NK603 in 2009

Treatments Dose[L/ha]

Field 1[t/ha]

Field 2[t/ha]

Guardian Max 840 EC + Roundup ReadyRoundup Ready

1.5 + 3.03.0

6,58 7,90

Roundup ReadyRoundup Ready

3.03.0

7,92 7,77

Lumax 537,5 SC   4.0 7,07 7,26

Mocarz 75 WG Milagro 040 SC

0.2 kg1.5

6,67 7,04

LSD(0,05) 2,140 2,116

Yield of corn NK603 in 2010 

Treatments Dose[L/ha]

Yieldt/ha

Guardian Max 840 EC + Roundup ReadyRoundup Ready

1.5 + 3.03.0

10.03

Roundup ReadyRoundup Ready

3.03.0

10.74

Lumax 537,5 SC   4.0 9.94

Mocarz 75 WG Milagro 040 SC

0.2 kg1.5

8.71

LSD(0,05) 2.125

Studies on seed bank in soil

Methodology

Taking of soil samples: before corn emergence (May)Number of samples: 4 from each plotDepth of soil sampling: 0-30 cmDiameter of drill: 5 cmVolume of sample: 588.75 cm3

Taking of soil samples

Soil samples in flat pans in glasshouse

Weed species in soil seed bank

Chenopodium album

Viola arvensis

Thlaspi arvense

Papaver rhoeas

Matricaria inodora

Echinochloa crus galli

Number of living seeds per 1000 cm3 of soil in 2009 (field 1)

Treatm. CHEAL VIOAR PAPRH MATIN THLAR CAPBP ECHCG APESV

1 53.3 1.8 0.3 0.3 0 0 98.8 0.3

2 29.5 1.9 0 0 1.8 0.7 30.0 0.3

3 35.6 3.7 1.2 0.8 0 0 29.6 0.1

4 38.9 1.5 0.6 0 6.1 0 76.4 0.3

Number of living seeds per 1000 cm3 of soil in 2009 (field 2)

Treatm. CHEAL VIOAR PAPRH MATIN THLAR CAPBP ECHCG APESV

1 189.9 4.3 2.2 1.4 1.0 0.4 2.2 7.8

2 135.3 9.5 0.9 1.0 5.1 0.9 9.5 6.9

3 131.0 7.4 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.4 4.5 6.1

4 122.4 6.4 0.8 1.4 2.6 1.4 35.3 4.6

Number of living seeds per 1000 cm3 of soil (field without NK603 in 2010) 

Treatm. CHEAL VIOAR PAPRH MATIN THLAR VERPE ECHCG APESV

1 11.4 0.5 13.4 0 0 2.1 29.1 0.3

2 13.5 1.1 10.0 0 0 0 19.0 0

3 11.3 0.8 11.8 1.9 0 0.1 34.5 0

4 13.5 2.0 10.9 0 0.3 0.1 18.6 0.1

Number of living seeds per 1000 cm3 of soil (field withNK603 in 2010) 

Treatm. CHEAL VIOAR PAPRH MATIN THLAR ECHCG APESV

1 23.0 1,0 79.8 0.4 0 7.9 2.8

2 23.8 1.5 63.6 0 0 9.8 2.3

3 13.8 2.1 75.4 0 0.1 6.0 2.0

4 18.4 2.1 64.9 0.4 0.3 8.9 4.4

ConclusionsExperimental field was infested mainly by following weedspecies: Chenopodium album, Viola arvensis, Papaver rhoeas, Echinochloa crus galli, Elymus repens.Treatments with Roundup Ready and Guardian Max 840 EC + Roundup Ready were very effective against all weed species.Standard herbicide Lumax 537,5 SC applied at BBCH 12‐13 gave similar effect compared to treatments with glyphosate.The system of weed control did not influence  yield of maize.In soil samples 8 weed species were found (Papaver rhoeas, Chenopodium album and Echinochloa crus galli were most abundant).