Symposia: The Future of Higher Education in Malaysia

8/9/2019 Symposia: The Future of Higher Education in Malaysia

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Private Higher Education inMalaysia

Current and Future Prospects

Dr Paul Lim

Dr Geofrey Williams


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Part 1: Overview


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Public Higher Education:Stylized Facts• There are 20 Malaysian Public Universities;

• IPTAs are home to !0"# $ %&'() o* the +"+ !"2$# enrolle, stu,entsin

• Malaysian ITPs an, &( o* stu,ents enrolle, in universities

• They account *or &'- ( o* aca,emic a..ointments in Malaysia

• They are run closely by the Ministry o* /,ucation ith little autonomy

• A number o* 1Master Plans have been intro,uce, 3 the latest on 4A.ril 20+

• Per*ormance has been mi5e,-


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Public Higher Education:Stylized Facts

Strategic

Ob!ective "arget Stylised Facts

"hrust 1Wi,enin6 accessan, enhancin67uality

20208 0( o* +492year ol,s in :/##( o* or ers ithtertiary 7ualiD o* hich @M+00 million *or MyBrain PG*un,in6; Au,itor General *oun, ,e


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Public Higher Education:Stylized Facts

Strategic

Ob!ective "arget Stylised Facts

"hrust &Intensi*yin6internationalisation

20208 International enrolmentto be + ( o* total

20+28 +0-0( o* enrolments at IPTA ereoverseas stu,ents an, 4-2( o* staf ere*orei6n aca,emics4 branch cam.us o* overseas :/Is an, 'other *orei6n :/Is e5istin6 or .lanne,; !Malaysian :/Is ith overseas branchcam.uses

"hrust '/nhancin6 7ualityenculturation o*li*elon6 learnin6

/nhancin6 ,istance e,ucation"e9learnin6" learnin6 in the

or .lace" an, .art9timelearnin6

T o main universities *or ,istancelearnin6 are .en University Malaysiaan, Wa asan .en University in Penan6;

ther ,istance .ro6rammes an,continuous .ro*essional ,evelo.ment% DP) available at most universities;:@DC Bu,6et available *or *un,in6 thesecourses

"hrust (

@ein*orcin6hi6her e,ucationministry ,eliverysystem

2# ritical A6en,a ProEects orAPs

Pro6ramme Mana6ementFce %PM ) at the ministry

level an, Institutional 9Pro6ramme Mana6ement

Fce %i9PM ) at the universitylevel

:i6her /,ucation Ministry ,issolve, an,mer6e, ith Ministry o* /,ucation;

.erational bu,6et cut *rom @M4 -million in 20+# to @M!#-' million in 20+&


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Private Higher Education:Stylized Facts• There are aroun, &+ Malaysian Private Universities; ' Corei6n

Branch am.uses an, 24 University olle6es 9 ith more tocome

• Private :i6her /,ucation Institutions are home to &'&"$!# %&2()o* the +"+ !"2$# enrolle, stu,ents in Malaysian ITPs an, &!( o*

stu,ents enrolle, in universities• +0-'( o* their stu,ents are *rom overseas hich is '-&( o* the

overall .o.ulation an, !&-!( o* the *orei6n stu,ent cohort• They account *or +- ( o* aca,emic a..ointments in Malaysia• They have assets o* @M+0-+ billion; liabilities o* @M!-2 billion an,

reserves o* @M#-$ billion• @evenues are @M&-2 billion .er year an, .ro


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• utcome %as o..ose, to out.ut) in,icatorsare varie,

• We have very9little or incom.lete ,ata on8 –

@an in6 =/TA@A +# %Teachin6HMana6ement) – @an in6 My@A ++ %@esearch) – @an in6 International % = Asia) – /m.loymentHUnem.loyment –

Gra,uate =alaries %:/B8 About & ( o* recent university 6ra,uates earne, belo@M+" 00 .er month in 20+#) – /n6lish Lan6ua6e Pro


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Higher Education: StylizedFacts ) "eaching *SE"+,+ -1$.

/P"S /P"+ TI/@ 4!( ' (

TI/@ & 2&( + (IPT= IPTA

TI/@ +( '+( TI/@ & +!( +&(

?o @atin6 ##( (


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Higher Education: StylizedFacts ) ,esearch *My,+ -11.

/P"S /P"+! =TA@= 0( +$(

=TA@= 2( +0(& =TA@= 0( 0(# =TA@= &( +&(2 =TA@= '( ##(+ =TA@ '( 2&(

?o @atin6 4'( 0(


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/nstitution #01$ #01%U?IJ/@=ITI MALAKA ## #2U?IJ/@=ITI /BA?G=AA? MALAK=IA 4 !U?IJ/@=ITI =AI?= MALAK=IA !+ 4U?IJ/@=ITI T/ ? L GI MALAK=IA !' !!U?IJ/@=ITI PUT@A MALAK=IA 42 4!U?IJ/@=ITI I=LAM A?TA@ABA?G=A MALAK=IA + +9+!0 +&

2/3E,S/"/ "E42O5O6/ PE",O2+S #017#&0 1817#00M 5"/ME9/+ 2/3E,S/" #017#&0 #017#&0U?IJ/@=ITI MALAK=IA =A@AWA +'+9+$0 20+92 0U?IJ/@=ITI T/ ? L GI MA@A 20+92 0 20+92 0U?IJ/@=ITI UTA@A MALAK=IA 20+92 0 20+92 0U?IJ/@=ITI MALAK=IA P/@LI= 20+92 0 20+92 0U?IJ/@=ITI MALAK=IA =ABA: #0+ 20+92 0

5/M4O4;/26 2/3E,S/" OF C,E+"/3E "ECH2O5O6 #&17$00 #&17$00U?IJ/@=ITI MALAK=IA PA:A?G 2 +9#00 2 +9#00U?IJ/@=ITI MALAK=IA T/@/?GGA?U 2 +9#00 2 +9#00

2/3E,S/"/ "E2+6+ 2+S/O2+5 #017#&0 #&17$00U?IJ/@=ITI TU? :U==/I? ?? MALAK=IA 2 +9#00 2 +9#00

Higher Education: Stylized Facts ),an


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E>ploy>ent /"P+ /"PS PO5 44 "3E" "otal

/m.loye, &'"4!# #&"# + +#"''! #"4!& 22+0+"2'

!Unem.loye, 24"2&$ +'"##2 4"0#& &4+ +$! #"2'2Curther =tu,ies 2&"2+$ ++"$'2 &"'#4 +"0!2 # &2"&= ill Trainin6 +"&44 '!$ #' 2 2 2"$++Waitin6 *orPlacement $"&+! 2"'0' !& 2' ++ +2"$0'

Total+++"+2

& !'"#&2 2!"$&0 "# 0 +"04&2+2"'#

0 /m.loye, &&( 0( 2( 40( &$( &'(Unem.loye, 2 ( 24( 2!( $( +'( 2 (Curther =tu,ies 22( +'( +'( 20( #2( 20(= ill Trainin6 +( +( 2( 0( 0( +(

Waitin6 *orPlacement '( &( 2( +( +( !(

Higher Education: StylizedFacts 7 E>ploy>ent


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• +round 1#0?000 stu,ents are re6istere, in universities ith si6ni


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/"PS: Solvency ,atiosCurrent

,atioCo>pan

y

Current,atio

Mar9ebtD

E uity

5"er>9ebtD

E uityriterion Q+ Q2-0 R+ R+ R+

Universities +! 2 20 +4 +Corei6n Branches & # +University

olle6es ' +& +# ++ 4 Universities & -4( 4+-&( !0-!( +- ( & - (

Corei6n Branches 0-0( !2- ( !2- ( #4- ( +2- (Universityolle6es &2-+( 4#-4( 42-2( !+-+( #'-$(

All Universities &!- ( !$-'( !+-0( &'-'( #$-0(All P:/Is & -2( 4+-0( !&-&( 2- ( #$-0(


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/"PS: Solvency ,atios

"otal5iabsD"otal

+ssets

"otal9ebtD"otal

+ssets,eserves

riterion R+ R+ ?e6ativeUniversities +2 +2Corei6n Branches # ! !University olle6es & Universities +#-$( ##-#( ##-#(Corei6n Branches #4- ( 4 -0( 4 -0(University olle6es +$-0( 2#-'( 2#-'( All Universities +'-2( &0-$( &0-$(All P:/Is +'- ( # -&( # -&(


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PB" P+" ,O+ ,OEriterion ?e6ative ?e6ative Avera6e Avera6e

Universities +4 +' 9 9Corei6n Branches # & 9 9University olle6es ' ' 9 9

Universities #! #! 9 9Corei6n Branches ' ' 9 9University olle6es 2+ 2+ 9 9 Universities &4-2( 0-0( 9!-!( '&- (Corei6n Branches #4- ( 0-0( 920-2( 9+2-0(University olle6es #'-+( #'-+( 9'-0( 9!-0( All Universities & - ( 0-0( 9$-+( ! -4(All P:/Is -+( &!-2( 9'-4( &&-'(

/"PS: /nco>e ,atios


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/"PS: Stress "estsCurrent

,atioBaseline

Current,atio

Stress

PB"Baselin

ePB"

Stressriterion Q+ Q+ ?e6ative ?e6ative

Universities +! +4 +4 2#Corei6n Branches & & # !University olle6es ' +0 ' +! Universities & -4( &4-2( &4-2( !#-$(Corei6n Branches 0-0( 0-0( #4- ( 4 -0(University olle6es &2-+( &4-!( #'-+( 4!-2(

All Universities &!- ( &4-4( & - ( ! -$(All P:/Is & -2( &4-4( -+( !$-2(


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niversities Students Spend *,M. Spend * S .

All 4"44$ # " $"!0!

?on9me,icine $"#4# +2" #"#!+Foreign Ca>pusesAll 2"&0' &0"+2$ +0"'&!

?on9me,icine 2"42+ #+"2+4 !"0+&niversity Colleges

All #"$ +2"2#+ #"#0!

?on9me,icine 2"'2! '"00! 2"+!&+ll Private HE/s

All "$#$ 2$"''& '"044

/"P: +verage Spending PerStudent


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"ype ni FC C +llLimite, ByGuarantee & 0 # 4Limite, By =hares%Private) 2$ ' +'Limite, By =hares%Public) 0 2 4

ther %Trusts) # 0 0 # ?ot Cor Pro


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9ividends ni FC C +ll?umber Payin6 +2 + 2 +

Total Divi,en,s %+4 "#'0"&0 ) %20"000"000)

%#0"#0'"0+2)

%22 "!''"&+4)

Avera6eDivi,en,s %+&"!+ "0#&)

%20"000"00

0)%+ "+ &"00

!)%+ "0& "'$&

)

( Payin6Divi,en, # ( +#( +0( 2&(( Loss Ma in6 &&( 0( &0( &'(( ?ot Cor Pro


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3Cs 93Cs "otal6ender

Men ''( '0( '&(Women +2( 20( +!(

,ace Malay !2( #( 4(

hinese +'( 2 ( 22(In,ian !( + ( ++(Corei6n + ( '( ++(

+ge &0s #( +!( $(

0s #2( #&( #2(!0s !( &4( 0(

Bac


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Faculty Highest9egree /"P+ /"PS PO5 44 PhD ++"'#' #"2&$ #Master +4"0!! +0"+0! 2"#02 0Bachelor #"#&! '" + &"#!4 +"'+$Di.loma +#2 +"2!$ && &'!

ther +#& +"#0+ 0 # Total Caculty #2" +! 2&"&4! 4"2 ! 2"'+! PhD #!-&( +#-#( 0-!( 0-+(Master 2- ( &+-#( #+-4( +4-$(Bachelor +0-#( #&-$( !0-2( !&-!(Di.loma 0-&( -2( 4- ( +4-#(

ther 0-&( -#( 0-0( 0-+(

/"PS: Faculty by Highest9egree


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Educati

on +JH

SS?BJ

5

S?MJ

C

EngJC

on

+6J3

E" Health

Servic

es

6ener

al "O"+5IPTA $( $( # ( +&( 22( 2( !( #( 0( +00(IPT= '( 4( #&( +#( +&( +( ++( ( '( +00(Polite ni 0( #( 2&( '( $( 0( 0( !( 0( +00(

oleE 0( !( &( + ( &( 2( 0( +'( 0( +00( T TAL '( 4( ##( +#( 22( 2( '( ( #( +00(

/"PS: Progra>>eConcentration


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Part #: />plications


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• What are the im.lications on the7uality o* hi6her e,ucation hen.rivate institutions o* hi6her learnin6are un,er


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Part #: />plications• Crom sli,e on Avera6e s.en,in6 on stu,ents" .ublic

universities s.en, more .er stu,ent than .rivateones e5clu,in6 the me,ical universities an,colle6es-

• Issue here is also the *ee structure- :o much is.ai, by stu,entH.arentS Jalue *or money in the caseo* .rivate universities an, colle6es consi,erin6 the.ro


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• Crom sli,e on To. Team Demo6ra.hic"issue o* runnin6 .rivate universities"havin6 an international e5.erienceSWho becomes J an, DJ s in .ublicuniversitiesS What in, o* e5.erienceloo e, *orS

•

Un,er such lea,ershi." issue o*university culture8 ?ot yet researche,-

To .on,er on in this sym.osium-


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Part #: />plications• Crom sli,e on Caculty by :i6hest ,e6ree" ,oes

these


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• Crom sli,e on Pro6ramme oncentration"narro ,e6ree courses as re7uire, *or themar et- An instrumentalist a..roach-

•

Public universities are more com.rehensivebut ho com.rehensiveS Is there too aninstrumentalist a..roachS

• University e,ucation both .ublic an,.rivate8 De6ree is a commo,ity- Issue o*em.loyability in the mar et- @>D *or themar et- Is this correctS


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Part $: Policy Options /P"S


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• Business9as9Usual % .timistic) – The current issues are 1Teethin6 Troubles – The mar et mechanism ill .rovi,e solutions –

r6anic 6ro th ill stren6then


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• Mar et9base, Mer6ers – Li ely to be unstructure, – Delivere, by commercial interests –

Uncertain mar et9base, outcomes – Asset valuation o* un,er.er*ormers is 1 ero

• =tructure, Mer6ers – Allo s a more *ormal outcome – :ori ontal Inte6ration 9 om.rehensive

Universities – Jertical Inte6ration 3 =chool8 olle6e8University – Problem to *orce mer6er o* .rivate entities

/"PS: Policy Options


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• @e6ulation8 Governance – Increase Trans.arency ith man,atory Annual @e.orts

an, :i6her /,ucation Per*ormance Metrics – @e7uire o.en recruitment at all levels es.ecially To.9

Team – Cormal Governance =tructures base, on international

best .ractice• @e6ulation8 =.ecial Measures

– @estrictions on PTPT? %MA@A" C/LDA etc) on .oor.er*ormers

– /5ternal Mana6ement @evie s an, 1Turnaroun, Teams – lear im.rovement PIs an, licence removal .enalties



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• @e


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• =hare, am.us =chemes – Is an,ar /,u ity mo,el – Basic in*rastructure share, %library" I T" accommo,ation"

caterin6" maintenance an, security; s.orts *acilities etc) –

Allo s a Public9Private solution – Driven by Develo.ment orri,ors or =tate Governments

• =hare, Mana6ement =chemes – /stablishment o* ne 1:/ Mana6ement A6encies – utsources basic in*rastructure share, %library" I T"

accommo,ation" caterin6" maintenance an, security;s.orts *acilities etc)

– =hare, a,missions is an 1U A=9style clearin6 system



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Ownership: / UI?A= %Private/7uity)Co>pany : =,n Bh, 9 Cor Proes:Assets8 Positive

urrent @atio8Positive@eserves8 PositivePBT8 PositivePAT8 PositiveDivi,en,8 Positive=tu,ents8 $"000Buil,in68 ne,%?e )Ownership: Kayasan PI?TA@

%Trust)Co>pany : =,n Bh, 9 Cor Proes:Assets8 ?e6ative

urrent @atio8?e6ative@eserves8 ?e6ativePBT8 ?e6ativePAT8 ?e6ativeDivi,en,8 ?one

=tu,ents8 '00Buil,in68 =ol,%@entin6)

188(

#00(

#00(

,M >illCapita

l 2C+ 2C5 C+ C5 C, ,es ,ev PB" P+" 9iv S"UIU 20-0 +&- -! +-' #0-# +-4 +0-& '4-' $-+ !-0 9 -2 $"000U?I@AA ! -0 +- #!-$ #!-! &0-# 0-$ 9 &-+ &!-$ 922-+ 922-+ 0-0 '00

+ "ale oA "wo niversities

Symposia: The Future of Higher Education in Malaysia

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