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Michael J. O’Donnell Purdue Extension Extension Educator, Organic and Diversified Agriculture (765) 284-8414 [email protected] www.purdue.edu/dffs/organicag February 19, 2020 Successful Transitions: Considerations in Transitioning to Organic Grain Production

Transcript of Successful Transitions: Considerations in Transitioning to ......Access to information – Low...

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Michael J. O’DonnellPurdue ExtensionExtension Educator, Organic and Diversified Agriculture(765) [email protected]/dffs/organicag

February 19, 2020

Successful Transitions: Considerations in Transitioning to Organic Grain Production

mailto:[email protected]
http://www.purdue.edu/dffs/organicag
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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

www.purdue.edu/dffs/organicag

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

https://www.ccof.org/press/michelob-ultra-pure-gold-launches-6-6-pack-program-support-organic-farming

https://www.ccof.org/press/michelob-ultra-pure-gold-launches-6-6-pack-program-support-organic-farming
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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

6 for 6-pack?

– Let’s do the numbers….– 43,560 sq. ft / acre 7,260 6-packs– 27.556 6-packs in a keg (1/2 bbl) 263 kegs per acre!– So, the next logical question…..

https://www.michelobultra.com/

https://www.michelobultra.com/
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How many kegs of beer are consumed over a weekend at Purdue University?

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

https://www.ccof.org/ccof-foundation/organic-transition-grants#eligibility

https://www.michelobultra.com/campaigns/contract-for-change.html

https://www.ccof.org/ccof-foundation/organic-transition-grants#eligibility
https://www.michelobultra.com/campaigns/contract-for-change.html
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https://thecounter.org/michelob-ultra-organic-beer-super-bowl/

https://thecounter.org/michelob-ultra-organic-beer-super-bowl/
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What is organic agriculture???

Slides adapted from:Dr. Joel Gruver, WIU

https://www.slideshare.net/jbgruver/history-of-organic-agriculture-14808475

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What is organic agriculture???

Slides adapted from:Dr. Joel Gruver, WIU

https://www.slideshare.net/jbgruver/history-of-organic-agriculture-14808475

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

What is organic farming?“Organic farming is a production system which avoids or largely excludes the use of synthetically compounded fertilizers, pesticides, growth regulators and livestock feed additives.

To the maximum extent feasible organic farming systems rely on crop rotations, crop residues, animal manures, legumes, green manures, off-farm organic wastes, mechanical cultivation, mineral-bearing rocks, and aspects of biological pest control to maintain soil productivity and tilth, to supply plant nutrients, and to control insects, weeds and other pests.”

- USDA Study Team on Organic Farming, 1980

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What is organic agriculture?"Organic agriculture is an ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiversity, biological cycles and soil biological activity. It is based on minimal use of off-farm inputs and on management practices that restore, maintain and enhance ecological harmony.

‘Organic’ is a labeling term that denotes products produced under the authority of the Organic Foods Production Act.

The principal guidelines for organic production are to use materials and practices that enhance the ecological balance of natural systems and that integrate the parts of the farming system into an ecological whole. ... Organic food handlers, processors and retailers adhere to standards that maintain the integrity of organic agricultural products.

The primary goal of organic agriculture is to optimize the health and productivity of interdependent communities of soil life, plants, animals and people.“ ---USDA NOSB defn, Apr 1995

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

7 CFR 205 – National Organic Program

http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=4afa25d8d8a865cd1938a45637e4d684&node=7:3.1.1.9.32&rgn=div5

http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=4afa25d8d8a865cd1938a45637e4d684&node=7:3.1.1.9.32&rgn=div5
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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

What is organic production?

• “Organic production [is] a production system that…respond[s] to site-specific conditions by integrating cultural, biological, and mechanical practices that foster cycling of resources, promote ecological balance, and conserve biological diversity” [§ 205.2].

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• “Organic is a labeling term for food or other agricultural products that have been produced according to the USDA organic regulations … Producers and handlers must meet these standards to use the word ‘organic’ or the USDA organic seal on food, feed, or fiber. – Is Organic an Option for Me?” USDA, August 2012

• “USDA Certified Organic products are grown and processed according to USDA’s national organic standards and certified by USDA-accredited … certification organizations.”–USDA AMS website

NOP is a Process Verification Program (PVP)

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

International Standards

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

What Lands May Be Certified as Organic?• Land must have been free

of prohibited substances for 3 years –

WHY 3 YEARS?

• If the land has been free of prohibited substances for at least 3 years, the operation may be eligible for immediate certification

• Both conventional and organic production may occur on the same operation

• Buffer zones may be required, if prohibited substances are used on adjacent lands

• There are no size requirements: both small and large farms are eligible for organic certification

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

Getting Certified under the National Organic Program (NOP)

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

Certifiers (18 Accredited Certifying Agents have clients in IN)

– A Bee Organic– CCOF– ECOCERT ICO– Global Organic Alliance– ICS– MOSA– MCIA– MOFGA– NICS– OEFFA– OneCert

– OnMark Certification– OTCO– OCIA– PCO– Pro-Cert– QAI– QCS

https://www.ams.usda.gov/services/organic-certification/certifying-agents

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

https://attra.ncat.org/product/organic-certification-of-farms-and-businesses-producing-agricultural-products/

https://attra.ncat.org/product/organic-certification-of-farms-and-businesses-producing-agricultural-products/
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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

https://attra.ncat.org/product/guide-for-organic-crop-producers/

https://attra.ncat.org/product/guide-for-organic-crop-producers/
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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

OTA, 2017

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

https://ota.com/news/press-releases/20699

https://ota.com/news/press-releases/20699
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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

“New records were made in both the organic food market and the organic non-food market. Organic food sales reached $47.9 billion, for an increase of 5.9 percent. Sales of organic non-food products jumped by 10.6 percent to $4.6 billion. The growth rate for organic continued to easily outpace the general market: in 2018, total food sales in the U.S. edged up just 2.3 percent while total non-food sales rose 3.7 percent.”

“Almost 6 percent (5.7 percent) of the food sold in this country is now organic.”

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

http://www.organic-world.net/yearbook/yearbook-2018.html

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

How much land in the U.S. is certified organic?

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020OTA, 2017

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

770 certified organic operations (May 2018). • 573 crops. • 405 livestock. • 117 handling.

847 (May 2019).

917 (Feb 2020).

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

Organic product sales in Indiana 2016

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

Torres, Purdue HO-280-W

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

Mercaris 2018 Organic Acreage Reportshows continued growth in organic field crop

acres in Indiana420 operations on 43,219 acres in 2016

(USDA) increased to 540 operations on 57,648 acres in 2018

(Mercaris)

29% increase in operations and 33% increase in acreage

from 2016-2018

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

https://www.ams.usda.gov/market-news/organic

Milk, egg, chicken, produce, cotton, grain, retail

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

UPDATE

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

https://mercaris.com/farmers

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https://ag.purdue.edu/commercialag/Pages/Resources/Finance/Financial-Analysis/Comparison-of-Organic-and-Conventional-Crop-Rotaions.aspx

https://ag.purdue.edu/commercialag/Pages/Resources/Finance/Financial-Analysis/Comparison-of-Organic-and-Conventional-Crop-Rotaions.aspx
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C-B-W Organic

Corn/Soybean/Wheat Organic Rotation

Corn T Soy Wheat T Wheat Org Corn Org SoyOrg

Wheat Rotation

Gross Return 728.75 381.18 435.02 335.53 1184.24 827.79 559.13 759.05Variable Cost 459.73 225.19 189.23 193.10 353.90 208.45 193.10 260.09Contribution Margin 269.02 155.98 245.78 142.43 830.34 619.33 366.03 498.96Fixed Cost 316.64 376.83 309.09 351.73 432.86 400.06 374.96 388.58

Earnings -47.62 -220.85 -63.30 -209.29 397.48 219.27 -8.93 110.39

Percent of Acres 6.7% 3.3% 10.0% 10.0% 26.7% 23.3% 20.0% 100.0%

Langemeier, 2019

year 1 year 2 year 3 year 4 year 5C 67% 33% 0% 0% 0%T 33% 67% 67% 33% 0%O 0% 0% 33% 67% 100%

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/future-of-food/organic-farming-crops-consumers/?fbclid=IwAR2kGf6YVilbSLPuYPhBDRuimV_WtnDWCpt6OMp0euNCpIrzU_1oXjEdodI

Nov 20, 2018

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/future-of-food/organic-farming-crops-consumers/?fbclid=IwAR2kGf6YVilbSLPuYPhBDRuimV_WtnDWCpt6OMp0euNCpIrzU_1oXjEdodI
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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

It takes a high level of skill and will to be a successful organic

farmer!

Dr. J Gruver

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

Barriers to Transition

– Access to information – Low yields during first 3+ years– Initial cost increase and learning period– Retooling and new equipment; storage– Market uncertainty– Lender support through transition years– Risk management options – Support network– Barriers “between the ears”

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

Shift in mindset –• Not input substitution

• Organic mgmt. is not prescriptive: Site and management specific

• “What about the cropping system allows a given pest to thrive or find a niche? Identify it and ‘close the door!’” – Klaas Marten

• Redirect annual chemical costs to equipment (and labor / management)

• “You’ll need more than just financial reasons” –Carmen Fernholz

• Not an abandonment of technology

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

Source: Canadian Organic Growers

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

Source: Canadian Organic Growers

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

Transition considerations

• Timing of transition (year 3 crop certified)

• Plan rotation to hit highest premium crop (corn?) in year 1 of certification

• Whole farm, Phased, Split/Parallel

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

USDA Programs to support organic

• Organic Certification Cost-Share Program (USDA FSA)

• USDA NRCS programs – CAP 138 and EQIP

• Federal Crop Insurance covering organic commodity production (USDA RMA)

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https://www.raboag.com/news/rabo-agrifinance-designs-industrys-first-organic-transition-loan-offering-54

https://www.raboag.com/news/rabo-agrifinance-designs-industrys-first-organic-transition-loan-offering-54
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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

Considerations with transition– Build a support network, attend meetings– Study the NOP standard– Develop a record keeping system– Find an ACA– Develop a business plan for navigating transition,

find a lender that understands organic– Don’t bet the farm– Transition your best fields first– Explore / identify markets– Diversify your crop rotation– Develop holistic and adaptive approach to weed and

fertility management

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Michael J. O’DonnellFebruary 19, 2020

Thank YouMichael J. O’Donnell

Extension Educator, Organic and Diversified AgriculturePurdue Extension(765) [email protected]

"The real Arsenal of Democracy is a fertile soil, the fresh produce of which is the birthright of the nations."

-- Sir Albert Howard

mailto:[email protected]

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