Substances, Compounds and Mixtures. Main Idea Supporting Facts The main concepts for this lecture...
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Transcript of Substances, Compounds and Mixtures. Main Idea Supporting Facts The main concepts for this lecture...
![Page 1: Substances, Compounds and Mixtures. Main Idea Supporting Facts The main concepts for this lecture are: Elements Compounds Substances Mixtures.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032804/56649e555503460f94b4cf69/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Substances, Compounds and Mixtures
![Page 2: Substances, Compounds and Mixtures. Main Idea Supporting Facts The main concepts for this lecture are: Elements Compounds Substances Mixtures.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032804/56649e555503460f94b4cf69/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Main Idea Supporting Facts The main concepts for this lecture are:
• Elements• Compounds• Substances• Mixtures
![Page 3: Substances, Compounds and Mixtures. Main Idea Supporting Facts The main concepts for this lecture are: Elements Compounds Substances Mixtures.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032804/56649e555503460f94b4cf69/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Main Idea Supporting Facts • Element • A chemical element is a pure
chemical substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance. It is made of only one type of atom (we’ll discuss atoms more in the next unit).
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Examples of Elements (SPONCH)
Sulfur
Nitrogen
Carbon
Hydrogen
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Main Idea Supporting Facts
• Compounds • A combination of two or more different elements (they must chemically combine to form a formula)
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Examples of Compounds
Water Sodium hypochlorite - Bleach
sugar
NaClO- H2O
C12H22O11
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Question Time!
Which of the following is a compound?
A.Copper wire
B.Frozen water
C.Pure gold coin
D.Aluminum Foil
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Main Idea Supporting Facts • Substance • Matter that has a defined
composition. • Also called a pure
substance.• Examples are distilled
water, table salt, fructose (fruit sugar)
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Main Idea Supporting Facts • Mixtures • A mix of two or more substances.
• If the substances experience a physical change, they can be separated by physical means, such as dissolution (to fall out of a solution), separation, etc…
• If the substances experience a chemical change, then they cannot be separated via physical means.
• There are two types:• Homogeneous• Heterogeneous
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Example of a Mixture being made via a CHEMICAL change
Mentos and Coca-Cola
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Main Idea Supporting Facts • Homogeneous
Mixture
• The mixture is the same throughout. It is also called a solution.
• With food, this means each bite is exactly the same as the next bite.
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Main Idea Supporting Facts • Heterogeneous Mixture • A mixture that is NOT the same
throughout.• In food, this would be items
where one bite is different from the next.
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Question Time!
Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture?
A.Blood
B.Chocolate Ice Cream
C.Pasteurized Milk
D.Pulp-free Orange juice
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Main Idea Supporting Facts • Vocabulary for Liquid
Mixtures
• Mixtures in chemistry are often in the form of liquids. A solute is an object that is mixed into a larger amount of chemical, called a solvent. It will dissolve into the solvent.
• A colloid and suspension are two types of liquid mixtures. Colloids are homogeneous mixtures that do not settle out of solution on their own. Milk an example of one
• A suspension is a homogeneous mixture that will have its particles settle out when left alone. Iced Tea and Lemonade would be an example of this
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Main Idea Supporting Facts • Some ways to separate
mixtures?• Hand separation – If mixture is dry (like
sand and seashells), you can pick out the unlike parts by hand.
• Filtration – Using a filter system to separate smaller particles from larger ones (like washing of archaeological artifacts to rid them of dirt, silt, clay and sand)
• Distillation – boiling a liquid substance so the particles separate out their boiling parts (i.e., how we get gasoline from crude oil)
• Centrifugation – spinning a liquid in a small chamber until its components separate out via their densities (i.e., blood centrifugation)