Elements, Compounds and Mixtures. Chapter 16. Classification of Substances Elements Molecules...
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Transcript of Elements, Compounds and Mixtures. Chapter 16. Classification of Substances Elements Molecules...
![Page 1: Elements, Compounds and Mixtures. Chapter 16. Classification of Substances Elements Molecules Compounds Mixtures.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081503/5697bf7c1a28abf838c8408d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Elements, Compounds and Mixtures.
Chapter 16
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Classification of Substances
• Elements
• Molecules
• Compounds
• Mixtures.
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Elements
• Elements are substances made up of only one type of atom.
• Example Hydrogen, Gold.
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Periodic Table of Elements
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Molecule
• A molecule is made up of two or more atoms chemically combined.
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Compounds
• Compounds are made up of two or more different types of atoms chemically combined.
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Properties of Compounds
• When a compound is formed during a chemical reaction its properties differ from those of the elements from which it is made.
• Example: Water is made from hydrogen and oxygen.
Hydrogen flammable gas
Oxygen colourless gas.
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• Diagram of Salt, water, sucrose.
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Mixtures
• A mixture consists of two or more different substances mingled together but not chemically combined.
• Examples: Sea – water and salt
Air – nitrogen, oxygen …
Soil – sand, clay, humus …
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Compare mixtures and Compounds.
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Mixture Compound
The amounts of the substances in the mixture can vary.
The elements in a compound are always present in the same fixed proportion.
A mixture contains two or more substances
A compound is a single substance.
The properties of a mixture are similar to those of the substances in a mixture.
The properties of a compound are different to those of the elements which reacted to form it.
There are practically no energy changes when a mixture is made
Heat is usually given out or taken in when a compound is formed.
It is usually easy to separate the components of a mixture.
It is usually difficult to separate the components of a compound.
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iron particlesKey:
strong bonds between iron particles
one iron particle
iron particlesheld together by strong bonds
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iron particles
iron particles are attracted to a magnet
iron particlesdiagram
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sulfur particlesKey:
strong bonds between sulfur particles
one sulfur particle
sulfur particles held together by strong bonds
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sulfur particles
sulfur particles are not attracted to a magnet
sulfur particlesdiagram
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iron particles
sulfur particles
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A mixture of iron and sulfur particles
strong bonds between sulfur particles
strong bonds betweeniron particles
What’s this?
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A mixture of iron and sulfur particles
A magnet attracts the iron particles
but not the sulfur particles.
The mixture is separated
mixture diagram
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one sulfur particle one iron particle
strong bonds between iron and sulfur particles
What’s this?A compound between iron and sulfur particles
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strong bonds between iron and sulfur particles
A compound between iron and sulfur particles
The magnet cannot separate iron and sulfur particles in a compound
compound diagram
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ReferencesSteve Lewis for the Royal Society of Chemistry
Photographs by Peter Hollamby
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A
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B
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C
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D
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E
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F
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G
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H