Submitted to Gloucester Township Public Schools by C. Stephen Ingraham Geography 2009 The Map Quest...
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Submitted to Gloucester Township Public Schools by C. Stephen Ingraham Geography 2009 The Map Quest Student Atlas of the World 10 Numbered stars indicate notebook pages
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Transcript of Submitted to Gloucester Township Public Schools by C. Stephen Ingraham Geography 2009 The Map Quest...
Submitted to Gloucester Township Public Schools
by C. Stephen Ingraham
Geography 2009The Map Quest Student
Atlas of the World
10Numbered stars indicate
notebook pages
Social Studies Block #___ Your first & last name
Mr. Ingraham & Mrs. Ross Today’s Date
Wiki: http://timescapes.pbworks.com
e-mail: [email protected] of Contents
GeographyTable of Contents
1. Latitude & Longitude Song
2. Pre-Test
3. Key Concepts
4. Three Geography Diagrams
5. How to read a map (A&B)
6. Compass Rose
7. Eastern Hemisphere Map
8. Latitude Lines
9. Longitude Lines
10. Latitude & Longitude
11. Map Practice
12. Performance Assessment
This is how Mullen students roll….
We are always on time to class
We come prepared to learn.
We always allow other students to learn.
We respect the personal space of others.
Latitude & Longitude Song Sung to the “The Wheels on the Bus”
I’m climbing the ladder of latitudes, latitudes, latitudes.The rungs on the ladder are latitudes, parallel around the world.
We use latitudes to measure North or South, North or South, North or South.North or South of the equator we measure in latitude.
It’s a long, long way from pole to pole,pole to pole, pole to pole.It’s a long, long way from pole to pole, so we call those longitudes
We use longitude to measure East or West, East or West, East or West.East or West of the Prime Meridian we measure in longitudes. Ms. Fleming & Mr. Ingraham
1
Geographic Review: All things Change
Answer these Questions.1)How many continents are there?2) List as many as you can by name3) How many Oceans are there?4) List as many as you can by name.
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2
Geographic Perspectives: The Five Themes
Evening News Announcer:“And now the evening news. A terrible tsunami has struck the coast of
Sri Lanka….”What would you like to know
next?CSI07
Geographic Perspectives: The Five Themes
Radio Announcer:“Now listen boys and girls WAAM is sponsoring a free concert to be held at Third and Market Streets in Wilmington….”
What would you like to know next?
Essential Questions: As a result of this Unit of study you will be able to answer these questions:
What is geography?Why is the study of geography important to me?What are the tools geographers use?What is location?What are the characteristics of place?What is the difference between location and place?How do humans interact with their environment?How does climate affect humans?How do geographical landforms affect movement, ideas, cultures, and technology?How do natural resources affect human activities?How does technology impact the Earth and the way people live upon it?What are the ways that humans have affected the environment?CSI07
Geographic Perspectives: The Five Themes
a)Where are we?
Geographic Perspectives: The Five Themes
a)Where are we?b) What kind of place is Gloucester
Township?
Geographic Perspectives: The Five Themes
a)Where are we?b) What kind of place is Gloucester
Township? c) How do humans and the
environment affect each other?
Geographic Perspectives: The Five Themes
a)Where are we?b) What kind of place is Gloucester
Township? c) How do humans and the
environment affect each other?d) How would our lives change if
our movement options changed?
Geographic Perspectives: The Five Themes
a)Where are we?b) What kind of place is Gloucester
Township? c) How do humans and the
environment affect each other?d) How would our lives change if
our movement options changed?e) What are the characteristics of a
region? CSI07
Place: A portion of space on a map or globe. An area with boundaries.Characteristics of Place:
1) temperature2) weather3) physical (natural) features4) human features (Man Made)
Location: A site where something or somebody is. A tract of land that has been surveyed and marked off.Region: A part of the earth characterized by distinctive climate, animals, plant life, or peoples.Climate: The usual meteorological conditions including average temperature, precipitation, and winds of a region.Culture: A human society’s traditions, behavior patterns, art, knowledge, and religious beliefs.
II. Key Concepts
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3
Geographic Perspectives: The Five Themes Review
a) List 5 things that describe the kind of place Gloucester Township is.1. _______________________________________________2. _______________________________________________3. _______________________________________________4. _______________________________________________5.
_______________________________________________. b) Give an example how do humans affect the environment.
___________________________________________________c) Give an example how environments affects humans.
____________________________________________________d) How would our lives change if our movement options changed?
____________________________________________________e) What are the four characteristics of a region?
1. ______________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________
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Geography Terms #1Archipelago –a group of Islands.
Basin – an area surrounded by higher land: an area drained by a river and its tributaries.
Bay – a coastal indentation of the sea or a lake into the land.
Canal – a man-made waterway, for irrigation or transportation.
Canyon – a deep valley with steep sides, usually with a river flowing through it..
Cape – a point of land extending out into a body of water.
Cataract – large waterfall.
Channel – a narrow stretch of water connecting two larger bodies of water.
Cliff (or bluff)– high, steep rock face.
Coast – a strip of land bordering the sea or ocean.
Geography Terms #2Continental Divide – a ridge of land (divide) that separates the great drainage
basins of a continent, each basin emptying into a separate body of water.
Delta – an area of land formed by deposits at the mouth of a river.
Desert – an area of land with little rainfall or vegetation.
Fall line – area along which rivers form waterfalls or rapids as the rivers drop to a lower land.
Fjord – deep, narrow inlet of the sea, with steep slopes, formed by a glacier.
Flood plain – flat land that is near the edges of a river and is formed by the silt deposited by floods.
Glacier – a large mass of ice that moves slowly, from higher to lower ground.
Gulf – an extension of the sea partly surrounded by land, larger than a bay.
Geography Terms #3Harbor – a sheltered area along a coast where ships can safely anchor.
Hills – an upland area, smaller than mountains, with gentle slopes.
Island – a body of land completely surrounded by water.
Isthmus – a narrow strip of land that connects two larger bodies of land.
Lake – a body of water completely surrounded by land.
Mesa – a flat upland area with steep sides, smaller than a plateau.Mountain – an area of land rising much higher than the land around it,
with steep slopes and pointed or rounded tops.
Mouth of river – the point where a river empties into another body of water.
Oasis – a place in the desert with enough water to support vegetation.
Peak – the pointed top of a mountain.
Peninsula – a long piece of land surrounded on three sides by water.
Geography Terms #4Plain – a large area of flat or gently rolling land.
Plateau – a large elevated area of flat land.
Point – a narrow piece of land jutting out into a body of water, usually low-lying.
Range – a chain of mountains.
Reef – an underwater ridge, lying near the surface of the water.
Reservoir – a man-made lake, sometimes formed by a river dam.
River – any stream of fresh water flowing by gravity from an upland source into a body of water or another river. Perennial rivers flow all year: intermittent are dry part of the year.
Sea –a large body of salt water, smaller than an ocean.
Sound – a stretch of water between an island and the mainland.
Geography Terms #5Source of river – place where a river or stream begins.
Strait – a stretch of water joining two larger bodies of water,
narrower than a channel.
Swamp – low-lying land permanently waterlogged.
Timberline – line on a mountain above which it is too cold for trees to grow.
Tributary – a river that flows into a larger river.
Valley – a long, low area, usually with a river flowing through it, and often lying between mountains or hills.
Volcano – a cone-shaped hill or mountain formed by lava and ash;
may be active or extinct.
Maps are drawing of places on EarthMap Title –Tells the subject of the map
Physical – Land forms & bodies of water
Political – cities and national boundaries ( borders)
Historical – dated mapsLegend (or Map Key) – is a reference that explains what
the symbols on a map stand for.Compass Rose – direction markers a) Cardinal Directions – North, South, East, and West b) Intermediate Directions – Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, and Southwest.
Inset Map – small map within a larger mapGrid – North-South and East-West lines on a map that cross
(intercept) each other.Latitude – East-West lines (horizontal – left to right)Longitude – North-South lines (vertical – top to bottom) Absolute Location – where lines of latitude and longitude cross to give
you an exact global address.
IV.A Reading a Map
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4
Projections –Making the Round World FlatA globe is the most accurate picture of the Earth. Only a globe can show distance, direction and the true shape of land and sea.
Types of ProjectionsRobinson – Looks right, but poles are represented as lines rather than points, which causes many distortions.
Mercator – shows direction and shape accurately. However land areas closer to the poles are very distorted.
Azimuthal – shows accurate direction and distance from a central point but both are distorted near the edges
Scale (or Distance) – a ruler to compares the distance in miles and kilometers represented on a map to a distance in the real world.
“The Larger the Scale the More Detail”
IV. B Reading a Map
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Compass North0
0
30
60
90 East
0
0
0
Compass North0
0
30
60
90 East
120
150 180 South
0
0
0
0
00
Compass North0
0
30
60
90 East
120
150 180 South
0
0
0
0
00
270
210
240
West
0
0
0
Compass North
30
60
90 East
120
150 180 South
0
0
0
0
00
270
210
240
West
0
0
0
300
330 360 or
0 0
00
0
Cardinal Directions
Compass North
30
60
90 East
120
150 180 South
0
0
0
0
00
270
210
240
West
0
0
0
300
330 360 or
0 0
00
0
Northeast 4
5
Southwest 2
25 Southeast 135
Northwest 315
0
0
0
0
Intermediate Directions
5
40 N
Equator
Tropic of Cancer
Tropic of Capricorn
20 N
O
O
Prim
e M
erid
ian
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20 SO
23 27’ SO
23 27’ NO
0 O
The Eastern Hemisphere
China
India
Egypt
Mesopotamia
The River Civilizations
AFRICA
EUROPE
ASIA
Pacific Ocean
Southern Ocean
Indian Ocean
Arctic Ocean
Mediterranean Sea
6
Geographic Perspectives: The Five Themes Review
f) Look at the list below write “Physical” if it is a feature of nature or“Human” if it is man-made.
1. Lake __________________________________2. City ________________________________3. Ocean ______________________________4. Skyscraper __________________________5. Airport ______________________________6. School ______________________________7. Island _______________________________8. Super Highway _______________________9. Mountain ____________________________10.Hydroelectric Dam ___________________11.Canal _______________________________12.River _______________________________13. Bridge _____________________________14. Reservoir __________________________15. Fjord ______________________________ CSI07
Lines of Latitude We measure Latitude North or South of the Equator.
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20o N40o N60o N80o N0o Equator90o N0o Equator20o N40o N60o N80o N80o S60o S40o S20o S90o S90o NNorth PoleLatitude lines, also called parallels, are imaginary lines circling the Earth from east to west. They are parallel to the Equator.They are measured in 90 degrees from the equator to the North or South Pole.
Each degree can be further Divided by 60 into minutes and each minute of latitude can be divided even further into 60 seconds.
The Latitude line dividing our classroom is
39o 44’ 59.85” North39 degrees 44 minutes 59 and 85 hundredths of a second
7
Longitude LinesThe most Important line of Longitude runs from the North Pole to the South Pole through Greenwich, England. It is called the Prime Meridian and is Zero Degrees. All other meridians are measured East or West of it. 180 degrees on the other side of the world the International Date Line completes the circle around the Earth.
North PoleSouth PoleNorth Pole90o E90o W60o E30o E120o E150o E150o W120o W60o W30o W90o E60o E30o E30o W60o W90o W180o 0o
Lines of Longitude divide the Earth into 360 degrees, which are further divided by 60 into minutes, which can be divided even further by 60 into seconds. Because the Earth turns once everyday on its axis (360 degrees), any point on its surface passes under the sun each 24 hour period.
The longitude line which runs through the center of
our classroom is 75o 00’ 56.39” 75 degrees 56 and 39 hundredth of a second
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8
Longitude & Latitude Lines
Pri
me
Mer
idia
n O
20
W
40
W
60
W
80
W
20
E
40
E
60
E
80
E
North Pole
South Pole
This is a table which represents the times it takes the earth to revolve on its axis.
24 hours = 360 degrees1 hour = 15 degrees4 minutes = 1 degree
1 minute = 15 minutes of latitude1 second = 15 seconds of latitude. CSI09
Let’s Review
North Pole
90 E
Pri
me
Mer
idia
n O
90 W
Inte
rnat
ion
alD
ate
Lin
e 18
0 150 W
120 W
180
60 W
30 W 30 E
60 E
120 E
150 E
O
Longitude Lines would appear as straight lines, like spokes of a bicycle wheel, when viewed from above either the north or south
poles. CSI09
Remember this is how Latitude lines would appear as viewed from above the Earth in an Azimuthal Projection. Now let’s combine them with Longitude lines.
Equato
r 0
80
N
60
N
40
N20 N
90 N
North Pole
O
20 N
40 N
60 N
80 N
90 N
20 S
40 S
60 S
80 S90 CSI10
Pri
me
Mer
idia
n O
20
W
40
W
60
W
80
W
20
E
40
E
60
E
80
E
North Pole
South PoleP
rim
e M
erid
ian
O
90 W
Inte
rnat
ion
alD
ate
Lin
e 18
0 150 W
120 W
180
60 W
30 W 30 E
60 E
120 E
150 E
O
80
N
60
N40
N20 N
90 N 90 E
Longitude & Latitude
In a Projection of the Earth we can also combine both lines of Longitude and Latitudeto identify any point on by its Absolute Location
9
Latitude & Longitude: Migration Practice
Use the political map of Africa in the Atlas on page 90. Find the African country’s name find the latitude & longitude
intersection within its borders. Country Latitude (N or S) Longitude (E or W)1) Ethiopia ______________ ________________2) Somalia ______________ ________________3) Kenya ______________ ________________4) Uganda ______________ ________________5) Democratic Republic
of the Congo ______________ ________________6) Chad ______________ ________________7) Nigeria ______________ ________________8) Ghana ______________ ________________9) Mali ______________ ________________10) Algeria ______________ ________________11) Libya ______________ ________________12) Egypt ______________ ________________
10
Latitude & Longitude: PracticeUse the political map of Africa in the Atlas on page 90. Find the African country’s name find the latitude & longitude intersection within its borders. Country Latitude (N or S) Longitude (E or W)1) Zimbabwe ______________ ________________2) Ethiopia ______________ ________________3) Mauritania ______________ ________________4) Namibia ______________ ________________5) Mali ______________ ________________6) Guinea ______________ ________________7) Angola ______________ ________________8) Zambia ______________ ________________9) Nigeria ______________ ________________10) Somalia ______________ ________________11) Kenya ______________ ________________12) South Africa ______________ ________________
Latitude & Longitude: Practice B QuizUse the political map of Africa in the Atlas on page 90. Find the African country’s name find the latitude & longitude intersection within its borders. Country Latitude (N or S) Longitude (E or W)1) Zimbabwe ______________ ________________2) _____________________ 10 N, 40 E3) Mauritania ______________ ________________4) Namibia ______________ ________________5) _____________________ 20 N, 06) Guinea ______________ ________________7) Angola ______________ ________________8) Zambia ______________ ________________9) Niger ______________ ________________10) Gabon ______________ ________________11) ___________________ 0 , 40 E 12) South Africa ______________ ________________
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Latitude & Longitude: Practice #2 QuizUse the political map of Asia in the Atlas on page 96. Find the Body of Water or the Asian country’s name find or the latitude & longitude intersection listed below.Latitude (N or S) Longitude (E or W) Country or Body of Water
1) 20 N, 50 E ____________________________2) 0 , 100 E ____________________________3) 20 N, 100 E ____________________________ 4) 20 N, 80 E ____________________________ 5) 30 N , 60 E ____________________________
6) 40 N, 60 E ____________________________
7) 50 N, 70 E ___________________________ 8) 60 N, 140 E ___________________________ 9) 50 N, 100 E ___________________________
10) 40 N, 90 E ___________________________ 11) 20 N 60 E ___________________________
12) 60 N, 180 E ___________________________ 13) 70 N, 40 E ___________________________14) 20 N, 140 E ___________________________15) 0 , 80 E ___________________________
Latitude & Longitude: Test #3Use the physical feature map of Africa in the Atlas on page 91 to identify the name the
physical feature or the body of water in which these intersections occur, or the Latitude and Longitude of the intersection.
Latitude (N or S) Longitude (E or W) Physical Feature or Body of Water
1) _____, _______ _Muzambique Channel _________2) 0 , 10 W ____________________________3) ______ , ______ _JOS Plateau______________ 4) 10 N , 50 E ____________________________ 5) 40 N , 10 E ____________________________ 6) 0 , 0 ____________________________
7) 20 N, 20 E ___________________________ 8) _____ , ______ ___Drakensberg (Mts.)____________9) 0 , 20 E ___________________________
10) 0 , 50 E ___________________________ 11) _____,_______ __Ruwenzori Mts.______________
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11
Latitude & Longitude: Test #4Use the physical feature map of Asia in the Atlas on page 97 to identify the name the
physical feature or the body of water in which these intersections occur, or the Latitude and Longitude of the intersection.
Latitude (N or S) Longitude (E or W) Physical Feature or Body of Water
1) _____, _______ _Tarim Basin___________2) 60 N , 150 E ____________________________3) ______ , ______ The Gulf of Thailand______________ 4) 60 N , 60 E ____________________________ 5) 40 N , 50 E ____________________________ 6) 40 N, 110 E ____________________________
7) 30 N, 70 E ___________________________ 8) _____ , ______ ______Luzon Strait_____________9) 0 , 100 E ___________________________
10) 30 N, 80 E ___________________________ 11) 10 N, 150 E _________________________ 12) 20 N, 40 E ___________________________ 13) 60 N, 80 E ___________________________
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Performance Assessment
• Create a tri-fold travel brochure and present it to the class. Your project must include the natural characteristics that define the region known as the Middle East (either past or present), relative and absolute location, climate. Culture. Ecosystems, and technology.
Final Performance Assessment
Title of Travel Agency
Slogan
Emblem
Price
Map of
MesopotamiaPicture
ofInterest
Inventions andInnovations
of Mesopotamiaon back
Physical Featuresof Mesopotamia Landforms,
Bodies of Water, Plant and Animal life on back.
GeographyFour GeographicRegions
ClimateIncluding: Average Temperaturesand Average Rainfallof Mesopotamiaon back CSI07
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Travel Brochure Research TopicsTextbook Topics Ancient Mesopotamia Encyclopedia
p. 70 Assyria pp. 784-787p. 69 Babylon pp. 9-12p. 69 King Hammurabi pp. 33-4p. 62 & 70 Maps of Mesopotamia p. 346p. 61 Mesopotamia pp. 345-6 ------- Seven Wonders pp. 253-6p.61 Sumer pp. 778-9pp. 61 & 66 Inventions/Innovations
The Modern World ------ Modern Iraq (map) p. 327 ------ Climate/Rainfall/Temp. pp. 324-9
The Five Powerful Ideas of Social Studies
1)Commonality & Diversity
2)Conflict & Cooperation
3) Continuity & Change
4) Individualism & Interdependence
5) Interaction Within Different Environments
1) ___ The characteristics of temperature, weather, physical (natural) features, and human features refer toa) climate b) culture c) place d) traditions.
2) ___ A part of the earth characterized by distinctive climate, animals, plant life, or peoples. a) location b) region
c) place d) human feature3)___ The usual meteorological (weather) conditions including
average temperature, precipitation, and winds of a region is a) climate b) culture c) place d) location
4) ___ A human society’s traditions, behavior patterns, art, knowledge, and religious beliefs.
a) climate b) culture c) place d) location5) ___ the subject of the map a) map key b) map legion
c ) map compass rose d) map title.6) ___ Maps of Land forms & bodies of water are called
a) political maps b) physical maps c) historical mapd) polar maps.
Multiple Choice Questions
7) ___ The legend that explains what the symbols on a map stand for a) map key b) map grid c) inset map d) map pictures.
8) ___ Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, and Southwest are know as the a) cardinal directions b) intermediate directions c) usual directions d) logical directions
9) ____ Where lines of latitude and longitude cross to give you an exact global address. a) physical location b) absolute location c) relative location d) location of relatives.
10)___ A map projection represents all the longitudes as parallels. The correct directions are shown, but it distorts sizes of places especially at the poles.a) a conformal projection b) an equal-area projection c) an equidistance projection d) a polar projection.
1) ___ A portion of space on a map or globe. An area with boundaries. a) physical feature b) human feature c) place2) ___ The characteristics of temperature, weather, physical
(natural) features, and human features refer toa) climate b) culture c) place d) traditions.
3) ___ A site where something or somebody is. A tract of land that has been surveyed and marked off. a) location
b) physical feature c) Human feature d) place4) ___ A part of the earth characterized by distinctive climate, animals, plant life, or peoples. a) location b) region
c) place d) human feature5) ___ The usual meteorological conditions including average temperature, precipitation, and winds of a region is
a) climate b) culture c) place d) location6) ___ A human society’s traditions, behavior patterns, art, knowledge, and religious beliefs.
a) climate b) culture c) place d) location
Multiple Choice Questions
7) ___ the subject of the map a) map key b) map legion c ) map compass rose d) map title.
8) ___ Maps of Land forms & bodies of water are called a) political maps b) physical maps c) historical mapd) polar maps.
9) ___ The legend that explains what the symbols on a map stand for a) map key b) map grid c) inset map d) map pictures.
10)___ A small map within a larger map a) physical map b) political map c) Inset map d) reset map.
11) ___ Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, and Southwest are know as the a) cardinal directions b) intermediate directions c) usual directions d) logical directions
12) ____ Where lines of latitude and longitude cross to give you an exact global address. a) physical location b) absolute location c) relative location d) location of relatives.
13)___ An map projection that divides the hemisphere into equal areas. The regions’ relationship are correct, but shapes are distorted is know as a) a conformal projection b) an equal-area projection c) a mercator projection d) a polar projection.
14)___ A map projection represents all the longitudes as parallels. The correct directions are shown, but it distorts sizes of places especially at the poles.a) a conformal projection b) an equal-area projection c) a mercury projection d) a polar projection.
15)___ An Equidistance projection shows accurate distances from a central point. This is an example of a) a conformal projection b) an equal-area projection c) a mercury projection d) a polar projection.
1. ___ What is 90 North is also known as? a) South Pole b) North Pole c) Equator d) Prime Meridian.2. ___ What is 0 longitude also known as? a) South Pole b) North Pole c) Equator d) Prime Meridian.3. ___ What is another name for the lines of latitude? a) meridians b) parallels c) longitude d) equator.4. ___ The line that separates the northern and southern
hemisphere?
a) South Pole b) North Pole c) Equator d) Prime Meridian. 5. ___ What is another name for the lines of longitude?
a) meridians b) parallels c) longitude d) equator.6. ___ What is 90 South also known as? a) South Pole b) North Pole c) Equator d) Prime Meridian.7. ___ What is 0 latitude also known as? a) South Pole b) North Pole c) Equator d) Prime Meridian.8. ___ An exact location on the earth using latitude & longitude? a) relative location b) absolute location c) earth address d) global spotting.
Bonus Questions (one point each)
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0
0
0
0
Label the following:Equator, International Date Line, South Pole,Tropic of Capricorn, Tropic of Cancer, Prime Meridian, and North Pole.
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Climate: In contrast to the comfortable areas bordering the Mediterranean and Arabian Seas the inland regions are desert and almost uninhabitable. This same climate extends from the Arabian peninsula into northern Iraq, Jordan, Syria, Iran, and further to the East Afghanistan.Rainfall: five to ten inches per year. Usually in the form of a downpour for just a very short period in winter.Temperatures: Average 130 degrees during a summer day butas low as 40 degrees at night.Agriculture: With irrigation wheat, barley, olives, figs, nuts, and grapes can be cultivated in the steppe regions. Sheep, goats, donkeys, and camels can be raised even in the desert regions. Natural Resources: (Scattered throughout the region)North Africa- Iron Ore & PhosphatesIsrael- SaltTurkey- chromium and molybdenumSaudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq, Iran- Oil
The Middle East
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Black Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Asia
Africa
Syrian Desert
Zagros Mountains
Taurus Mountains
Jeru
sale
m
Tigris RiverEuphrates River
Assur *Nineveh *
* Babylon
* Ur Persian Gulf
Casp
ian S
ea
Mesopotamia
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Black Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Asia
AfricaSyrian Desert
Zagros Mountains
Taurus Mountains
Jeru
sale
m
Tigris RiverEuphrates River
Persian Gulf
Caspian S
ea
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Geographical Regions of Iraq
Desert
Upper Plain
Mountains
Lower Plain
Black Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Turkey
Egypt
SyriaTigris River
Euphrates River Persian Gulf
Caspian S
ea
Israel
Lebanon Iran
JordanSaudi Arabia
Iraq
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Four Geographic Regions:1) Mountains in Northeast and Eastern sections. This area has
good pastures and a few fertile plateaus. 2) Central Desert Area doted with few oasises.3) Upper Plains – dry grassland savannah4) Lower plains -Irrigated valley between the Tigris and
Euphrates rivers.
Iran – Once known as PersiaGeography: High plateau much of it desertClimate: dry continentalNatural Resources: coal, iron, copper, lead, borax, manganese,
nickel, cobalt, and oil.Agriculture: tobacco, cotton, corn, rice all grown on small farms.
Iraq – Ancient Land of Mesopotamia
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Geography V
ocabulary T
est1. ___ Bowl-shaped area of land surrounded by higher land a) bay
b) basin c) bluff d) delta
2. ___ body of water that is part of a sea or ocean and is partly
enclosed by land a) bay b) basin c) bluff d) delta
3. ___ triangle-shaped area of land at the mouth of a river a) bay
b) basin c) bluff d) delta
4. ___ high, steep face of rock and earth a) bay b) basin c) bluff
d) delta
5. ___ deep, narrow valley with steep sides a) cape b) canyon
c) cataract d) cliff.
6. ___ a point of land that extends into water a) cape b) canyon
c) cataract d) cliff.
7. ___ a large waterfall a) cape b) canyon c) cataract d) cliff.
8. ___ dry land with few plants a) delta b) dune c) coast d) desert
9. ___ deep, narrow part of sea or ocean, between high, steep banks
a) fjord b) glacier c) gulf d) hill
10. ___ large ice mass that moves slowly down a mountain or across
land. a) fjord b) glacier c) gulf d) hill
11. ___ flat land that is near the edges of a river and is formed by the silt
deposited by floods. a) oasis b) floodplains c) isthmus
d) mouth of river.
12. ___ place where a river empties into another body of water. a) oasis
b) floodplains c) isthmus d) mouth of river.
13. ___ narrow strip of land connecting two larger areas of land. a) oasis
b) floodplains c) isthmus d) strait.
14. ___ area of water and fertile land with desert on all sides. a) oasis
b) floodplains c) isthmus d) mouth of river.
15. ___ land that is almost completely surrounded by water a) plateau
b) savanna c) source of river d) peninsula
16. ___ large area of grassland containing scattered trees. a) plateau
b) savanna c) source of river d) peninsula.
17. ___ place where a river or stream begins a) mouth of river
b) savanna c) source of river d) peninsula
18. ___ an area of high, flat land with steep sides. a) plateau
b) savanna c) source of river d) peninsula.
19. ___ narrow channel of water connecting two larger bodies of water
a) strait b) isthmus c) swamp d) tributary
MATCHING20. ___ foothills
21. ___ timberline
22. ___ tributary
23. ___ reef
24. ___ island
25. ___ fall line
26. ___ valley
27. ___ gulf
28. ___ mountain
range
29. ___ sea level
30. ___ marsh
31. ___ mountain
32. ___ ocean
33. ___ river
A. The area along which rivers form waterfalls or rapids as the rivers drop to lower land.
B. A ridge of sand, rock, or coral that lies at or near the surface of a sea or ocean.
C. The area in the mountains above which no trees will grow.
D. The land with water on all sides
E. A stream or river that empties into a larger river.
F. The hilly area at the base of a mountain.
G. The body of water that is partly enclosed by land but is larger than a bay.
H. The low land between hill or mountains.
I. The level that is even with the surface of an ocean or sea.
J. A row of mountains.
K. Lowland with moist soil and tall grasses.
L. A large stream of water that flows across the land.
M. The body of salt water, larger than a sea.
N. The highest kind of land.
EXTRA CREDITGeography Term Test
• DRAW & LABEL THESE TERMS:
( 1 point per correct drawing)
1)Isthmus
2)Strait
3) Tributary
4)Timberline
5) Fall line
What You need to KnowGeography Knowledge Test
1) Items on each Map (title, key/legend, scale, & compass rose)
2) Usual meteorological conditions
3) Characteristics of Place & Region
4)The three characteristics of a region’s climate
5) The four characteristics of a human society’s culture
6) Cardinal & Intermediate directions
7) Absolute location (intersection of Latitude & Longitude
8) Latitude = parallels = East-West lines (Equator 0o)
9) Longitude = meridians = North-South lines (Prime Meridian 0o)
10) Map Projections & How they look
a) Mercator Both poles stretched into lines, but Longitude lines still curved
b) Robinson both Latitude & Longitude lines appear parallel.
c) Azimuthal Latitude lines appear as concentric circles & Longitude as bike spokes.
11) North Pole 90o N & Tropic of Cancer 23o 30” N
12) South Pole 90o S & Tropic of Capricorn 23o 30” S
13) International Date Line (Longitude) 180o
Longitude & Latitude
By C. Stephen Ingraham
NorthernHemisphere
SouthernHemisphere
WesternHemisphere
EasternHemisphere
W
N
E
S
CSI07
Lines of Latitude
North pole
South Pole
Equator O
20 N
40 N
60 N
80 N
90 N
20 S
40 S
60 S
80 S
90 S
Latitude lines are measured in 90 degrees from the equator to the North or South Pole.
1 degree = 60 nautical miles
1 minute = 1 nautical mile
Latitude to distance Conversion chart
Each degree can be further
Divided by 60 into minutes.
Each minute of latitude can
be divided even further into 60 seconds.
CSI07
Longitude Lines
North Pole
90 E
Pri
me
Mer
idia
n O
90 W
Inte
rnat
ion
alD
ate
Lin
e 18
0
150 W
120 W
180
60 W
30 W 30 E
60 E
120 E
150 E
O
Lines of Longitude divide the Earth into 360
degrees, which are further divided by 60
into minutes, which can be divided even further
by 60 into seconds.Because the Earth turns
once everyday on its axis (360 degrees), any
point on its surface passes under the sun each 24 hour period.
CSI07
Longitude Lines
Lines of Longitude divide the Earth into 360
degrees, which are further divided by 60 into
minutes, which can be divided even further by 60
into seconds.Because the Earth turns
once everyday on its axis (360 degrees), any point
on its surface passes under the sun each 24
hour period. CSIo7
Pri
me
Mer
idia
n O
20
W
40
W
60
W
80
W
20
E
40
E
60
E
80
E
North Pole
South Pole
North Pole
90 E
Pri
me
Mer
idia
n O
90 W
Inte
rnat
ion
alD
ate
Lin
e 18
0 150 W
120 W
180
60 W
30 W 30 E
60 E
120 E
150 E
O
Longitude Lines would appear as straight lines, like spokes of a bicycle
wheel, when viewed from above either the north or south poles.
Viewing the Earth in this manner is called a
Azimuthal projection.
CSI09
LONGITUDE LINES
Lines of Latitude
North Pole
Equator 0
80
N
60
N40
N20 N
90 N
Remember this is how Latitude lines would
appear as viewed from above the Earth.
Now let’s combine them with Longitude line.
CSI07
Compare Maps with Different Projections1. Every map is a projection of the Earth which attempts to
represent a round earth on a flat map. Each representation has some distortions.
2. An equal-area projection divides the hemisphere into equal areas. The regions’ relationship are correct, but shapes are distorted.
3. A Conformal projection represents all the longitudes as parallels. The correct directions are shown, but it distorts sizes of places especially at the poles. (Mercator Projection)
Pri
me
Mer
idia
n O
20
W
40
W
60
W
80
W
20
E
40
E
60
E
80
E
North Pole
South Pole
CSI08
Compare Maps with Different Projections4. Robinson Projections are a combination of both Equal-area &
Conformal projections.
5. An Equidistance projection shows accurate distances from a central point. A polar projection is one example. Longitude is represented like spokes of a wheel, but shapes and distances are distorted beyond the equator.
North Pole
90 E
Pri
me
Mer
idia
n O90 W
Inte
rnat
ion
alD
ate
Lin
e 18
0
150 W
120 W
180
60 W
30 W 30 E
60 E
120 E
150 E
O
CSI08
Pri
me
Mer
idia
n O
20
W
40
W
60
W
80
W
20
E
40
E
60
E
80
E
North Pole
South Pole
CSI07
0
10 N
10 S
20 S30 S
40 S
50 S
60 S
70 S
80 S
90 S
20 N
30 N40 N
50 N60 N
70 N
80 N
90 N
0
10
E
20
E
30
E
40
E
50
E
60
E
70
E
80
E
90
E
10
W
20
W
30
W
40
W
50
W
60
W
70
W
80
W
90
W
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
ooooooooooo o o o
o
Latitude & Longitude Lines
North Pole
90 E
Pri
me
Mer
idia
n O
90 W
Inte
rnat
ion
alD
ate
Lin
e 18
0 150 W
120 W
180
60 W
30 W 30 E
60 E
120 E
150 E
O
Equator 0
80
N
60
N40
N20 N
90 N
In an Azimuthal Projection of the
Earth we can alsocombine both lines
of Longitude and Latitude to identify any point on by its Absolute Location
CSI09
Lines of Latitude
North Pole
Equator 0
80
N
60
N40
N20 N
90 N
In a Polar Projection the latitude lines appear as
concentric circles rather than the straight lines we
are used to. That is because we can see only the
Northern hemisphere (if the North Pole is in the middle) or Southern hemisphere (if
the South Pole is in the middle. CSI09
Latitude to distance Conversion chart
1 degree = 60 nautical miles
1 minute = 1 nautical mile
