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STRUCTURAL AND LEXICAL TRANSFER

from a

UNL GRAPH

to a

NATURAL LANGUAGE DEPENDENCY TREE

Etienne BLANC, Gilles SERASSET, WangJu TSAIGETA, CLIPS-IMAG

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Natural Language Generator

(tree input )Graph to Tree Graph to Tree

Transfer ModuleTransfer Module

Voici le résultat e cette traduction dpuis un graphe UNL

UNL graph NL tree NL text

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Tree to Graph Tree to Graph Transfer ModuleTransfer Module

Natural Language Analyser

(tree output )

UNL graphNL tree

Voici le résultat e cette traduction dpuis un graphe UNL

NL text

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- 1. Principle of the graph to tree transfer

- 2. Our tools

- 3. Discussion

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1. Principle of the graph to tree transfer(structural transfer)

1.1 Graph having already a tree structure

watch

applehe

agt obj

Graph structure

watch

appleheagt obj

Tree structure

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1.2 A node of the graph has several mother nodes : reverting relations

He was watching the falling apple.

agt(watch(icl>do).@entry.@past.@progress,he(icl>human))obj(watch(icl>do).@entry.@past.@progress,apple.@def)obj(fall(icl>occur).@past.@progress,apple.@def)

watch

applehe

agt obj

fall

obj

Graph structure

watch

applehe

agt obj

fall

obj

Graph structure

1. Principle of the graph to tree transfer(structural transfer)

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1.2 A node of the graph has several mother nodes : reverting relations

He was watching the falling apple.

agt(watch(icl>do).@entry.@past.@progress,he(icl>human))obj(watch(icl>do).@entry.@past.@progress,apple.@def)obj(fall(icl>occur).@past.@progress,apple.@def)

watch

applehe

agt obj

fall

obj

Graph structure

watch

applehe

agt obj

fall

INV(obj)

Tree structure

1. Principle of the graph to tree transfer(structural transfer)

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1.3 Opening a closed circuit.

He eats his apple.

agt(eat(icl>do).@entry,he(icl>human))obj(eat(icl>do).@entry,apple)pos(apple, he(icl>human))

Graph structure Tree structure

eat

applehe:1agt obj

he:1

pos

eat

applehe

agt obj

pos

1. Principle of the graph to tree transfer(structural transfer)

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1.3 Processing a compound UW.

Isaac sees that an apple fall and he explains it.

Graph structure

agt(explain(icl>do).@entry,Isaac(icl>proper noun))obj(explain(icl>do).@entry,:01)obj:01(fall(icl>occur).@entry,apple)and(explain(icl>do).@entry,see(icl>do))agt(see(icl>do),Isaac(icl>proper noun)obj(see(icl>do),:01)

explain

Isaac

agt

see

agt

:01

obj

obj

and

:01

apple

fall

obj

1. Principle of the graph to tree transfer(structural transfer)

explainIsaac:01agt

see

:01

obj

andapple

fall

objIsaac:01

agt:01

objTree structure

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1. Principle of the graph to tree transfer(lexical transfer)

centre

center(icl>place)

1.4 : human « monolingual use » of the the PARAX-UNL database .

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1. Principle of the graph to tree transfer(lexical transfer)

1.5 « multilingual use » of the database.

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c a t c h

c a t m o u s e

a g t o b j

T X : E X P A N S I V E

L E X I C A L T R A N S F E R

T S : S T R U C T U R A L

T R A N S F E RE X P A N S R O B R A

T R A N S F E R

E X P A N ST L : L E X I C A L

T R A N S F E R

T Y : E X P A N S I V E

L E X I C A L T R A N S F E RE X P A N S

R O B R AA S : S T R U C T U R A L

A N A L Y S I S

A N A LY S IS

A Y : E X P A N S I V E

L E X I C A L A N A L Y S I S

A X : E X P A N S I V E

L E X I C A L A N A L Y S I S

A M : M O R P H O L O G .

A N A L Y S I S

E X P A N S

E X P A N S

A T E F

R O B R AG S : S T R U C T U R A L

G E N E R A T I O N

G E N E R A T IO N

G X : E X P A N S I V E

L E X . G E N E R A T I O N

G Y : E X P A N S I V E

L E X . G E N E R A T I O N

G M : M O R P H O L O G .

G E N E R A T I O N

E X P A N S

E X P A N S

S Y G M O R

M A N D A T O R Y P H A S E O P T I O N A L P H A S E S L L P S L L P

S o u r c e

t e x t

T a r g e t

t e x t

GENERATION

T R A N S F E R

ANALYSIS

2. Our tools

2.1 The ARIANE generator of MT systems

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T R A N S F E R

T S : S T R U C T U R A L

T R A N S F E RR O B R A

T R A N S F E R

T X : E X PA N S I V E

L E X I C A L T R A N S F E RE X P A N S

R O B R AG S : S T R U C T U R A L

G E N E R A T I O N

G E N E R A T I O N

G X : E X PA N S I V E

L E X . G E N E R A T I O N

G Y : E X PA N S I V E

L E X . G E N E R A T I O N

G M : M O R P H O L O G .

G E N E R A T I O N

E X P A N S

E X P A N S

S Y G M O R

G R A P H T O T R E E

S T R U C T U R A L &

L E X I C A L

T R A N S F E R

S o u r c e

U N L g r a p h

T a r g e t

F r e n c h t e x t

GENERATION

2. Our tools

2.2 ARIANE based UNL deconverter (working)

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TX : EXPANSIVE LEXICAL TRANSFER EXPANS

EXPANSTL : LEXICAL TRANSFER

ROBRAAS : STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

AY : EXPANSIVE LEXICAL ANALYSIS

AX : EXPANSIVE LEXICAL ANALYSIS

AM : MORPHOLOG. ANALYSIS

EXPANS

EXPANS

ATEF

INTERACTIVEDISAMBIGUATION

MODULE

TREE TO GRAPHSTRUCTURAL TRANSFER

NL TEXT

UNL GRAPH

2. Our tools

2.3 ARIANE based UNL enconverter (developing)

T R A N S F E R

ANALYSIS

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2. Our tools

2.4 The « tree based » graph editor

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2. Our tools

2.4 The « tree based » graph editor

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2. Our tools

2.4 The « tree based » graph editor

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sistema

2. Our tools

2.4 The « tree based » graph editor

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2. Our tools

2.4 The « tree based » graph editor

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2. Our tools

2.4 The « tree based » graph editor

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2. Our tools

2.4 The « tree based » graph editor

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2. Our tools

2.4 The « tree based » graph editor

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2. Our tools

2.4 The « tree based » graph editor

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2. Our tools

2.4 The « tree based » graph editor

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3. Discussion