SpleenAbhishek jha

Introduction• 2nd lymphoid organ ,Oval in shape, 7 -14cm in

length and 150 -200 grams in weight.

• Lies just beneath the left half of the diaphragm close to 9 ,10 and 11 ribs and on the left side of abdomen.

• Pleural cavity separates spleen and diaphragm from the rib.

• Has Diaphragmatic ,visceral and colic surface and anterior ,posterior and inferior border.

Diaphragmatic surface or phrenic surface :

• convex, smooth, and is directed upward, backward, and to the left, except at its upper end, where it is directed slightly to the middle.

• It is under surface of the diaphragm, which separates it from the ninth, tenth, and eleventh ribs of the left side, and the intervening lower border of the left lung and pleura

• visceral surface : divided by a ridge into two regions: an anterior or gastric and a posterior or renal.

• The visceral surface is related to the left kidney, stomach and splenic flexure of colon.

• Each surface is covered with visceral peritoneum, which reflected as double layer onto the left kidney as splenicorenal ligament.

• anteriorly border separated the surface from concave visceral surface where hilus found ,Hilus is part where vessels enter and leave the organ.

Functions• Spleen forms parts of the reticuloendotelial system.

•Main function is hematopoiesis in fetal life and in adults with reutilization of iron from hemoglobin of destroyed red blood cells.

• Its has red and the white pulp, which are separated by the marginal sinus.

•Red pulp composed sinuses, splenic cord and marginal zone and main function to filter red blood cells and reserve monocytes.

•White pulp is composed of malpighian corpusclesand help in active immune response.

Blood supply• Spleen is supplied with blood by splenic

artery and blood drains from splenic vein.

• Splenic artery is branch of celiac artery and follows pancreas, short gastric artery and left gastroepiploic to stomach.

• Splenic vein joins with superior mesenteric vein, to form the hepatic portal vein and follows to the pancreas.

• Lymphatic drainage is to nodes at hilus and to celiac nodes

Clinical importance• Spleen is undercover of thoracic cage and is not palpable

•  Splenomegaly : enlarged spleen due to cancer, specifically blood-based leukemia.

•  Asplenia : where the spleen is not present.

• Hyposplenia: reduce splenic functions..

Splenectomy• Spleen is particularly liable to rupture in falls and automobile accidents and bleeding from it is difficult to control and Splenectomy should be done.

• A splenectomy is a surgical procedure that partially or completely removes the spleen.

Ruptured spleen removed by splenectomy

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