Speech Organ & Manner of

Articulation

Siti Chariroh

Yanti Kurniawati

Widya Kesumadewi

Inka Dwi Puspita Kurnia Sari

We will talk about

Speech organ

- Defenitions

- Speech Organ (Articulatory Systems)

Three dimensions of articulation

- Voicing

- Place of articulation

- Manner of Articulation

Speech Organ

Defenition

Any of the organs (as the larynx, tongue, or lips) playing apart in the production of articulate speech.

Speech organs—or articulators—are of two types: passivearticulators and active articulators. Passive articulatorsremain static during the articulation of sound. Upper lips,teeth, alveolar ridge, hard palate, soft palate, uvula, andpharynx wall are passive articulators. Active articulatorsmove relative to these passive articulators to producevarious speech sounds, in different manners. The mostimportant active articulator is the tongue. The lower lip andglottis are other active articulators.

Speech Organ ( Articulatory Systems)

Speech Organ (Articulatory System)

LIPS

They serve for creating sounds mainly the bilabial (/p/, /b/, and/m/) and labiodental (/f/, and /v/)

TEETH

Responsible for creating sounds mainly the labiodental (/f/ and/v/) and interdental (/Ɵ/ and /ð/)

TONGUE

With its wide variety of possible movement, it assists in formingthe sounds of speech

Speech Organ (Articulatory System)

Speech Organ (Articulatory System)

ALVEOLAR RIDGE

Hard ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is betweenthe roof of the mouth and the upper teeth

For the sound /s/, air from the lungs continuouslythrough the mouth, but the tongue is raised sufficientlyclose to the alveoral ridge (the section of the upper jawcontaining the tooth sockets) to cause friction as it partiallyblocks the air that passes.

Speech Organ (Articulatory System)

Speech Organ (Articulatory System)

HARD PALATE

• A thin horizontal bony plate of the skull, located in the roof of themouth.

• The interaction between the tongue and the hard palate is essential inthe formation of certain speech sounds, notably /t/, /d/, and /j/

VELUM (SOFT PALATE)

• It should have holes forming that functions during speech to separatethe oral cavity (mouth), from the nose, in order to produce the oralspeech sounds.if this separation is incomplete, air escapes through thenose during speech and the speech is perceived as hyper nasal.

Speech Organ (Articulatory System)

Speech Organ (Articulatory System)

UVULA

• It functions in tandem with the back of the trhoat, the palate, and air comingup from the lungs to create a number of guttural and other sounds.

• In many languages, it closes to prevent air escaping through the nose whenmaking same sounds.

GLOTTIS

• Combination of vocal folds and space in between the folds.

• As the vocal folds vibrate, the resulting vibration produces a “buzzing” quaityto the speech called voice or voicing or pronounciaton.

• Sound production involving only the glottis caled glottal. Example is the sound/h/

Speech Organ (Articulatory System)

Three Dimensions of Articulation

voicingPlace of

articulationManner of articulation

Voiced and Voiceless sound

The air stream from the lungs passes through an openingbetween the vocal cords, the glottis

If the vocal cords are apart and the airstream is notobstructed at the glottis, the sounds produced this wayare voiceless.

If the vocal cords are together and the airstream forcesits way through, the vocal cords vibrate and the soundsproduced this way are voiced

Voiced and Voiceless sound

If you put a finger in each ear and say “zzzzz” you can feelthe vibrations.

If you put a finger in each ear and say “sssss” you will notfeel any vibration.

When you whisper, you are actually making all the speechsounds voiceless

Consonants

Consonants result from constriction or blockage in the oralcavity. Firts criterion for defining a consonant is its Place ofarticulation, where the constriction or blockage occur. Thesecond criterion is Manner of articulation , what kind ofconstruction or blockage it is.

SO

Place of articulation Where you produce sounds or wherein the mouth is the sound being made

Manner of Articulation How you pronounce sounds

Place of Articulation

Billabial

involve both lips , for example {p},{b} and {m} for example Pop, Boband Mom

Labiodental

involve the bottom lip and top teeth, {f} and {v} for example : Far,Father, Very, Vission

Interdental

made of the tongue and the upper teeth , {Ɵ} and {ð} for example :think, thought, the and mother

Place of Articulation

Alveolar

Have the the tip or blade of the tongue and behind the top teeth,{t},{d}, {s}, {z}, {n},{l}, {r}, for example tin, din, safe,zoo,near, long, really.

Post Alveolar

Made of tongue blade and the back of the alveolar ridge {ʧ}, {ʃ},{ʤ},{ʒ} for example chill, ship, education, vision.

Palatal

Made of the tongue and hard palate {j}for example yes and you

Place of Articulation

Velars

Made of back part of the tongue and the soft palate, {k},{g}, {w}, {ŋ} for example game, came, wake and king.

Glottal

the glotal consonant is not produce with tongue or lips butproduce with the throat , {h} for example hello, high, uh-oh

Manner of Articulation

Stops

Fricative Obstruents

Affricates

Nasals

Liquids Sonorants

Glides• Sonorants are those articulations in

which there is only a partial closure or an unimpeded oral or nasal scape of air.• English has the following sonorant

consonantal phonemes: /l/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /w/, /j/

• An obstruent is a consonant sound formed by obstructing the outward

airflow, causing increased air pressure in the vocal tract

• Obstruents are those articulations in which there is a total closure or a

stricture causing friction

Stops (plosives)

When the air stream enters the oral cavity it maybe stopped, obstructed, or flow freely.

When the air is completely stopped for a briefperiod of time, these speech sounds are calledstops.

[b], [p], [t], [d], [k] and [g] are stops.

Fricatives

When the air is not stopped completely but is obstructed from flowing freely, these speech sounds are called fricatives.

[h], [f], [v], [s], [z], [ʃ], [ʒ],[Ɵ] and [ð] are Fricatives

Affricates Some sounds are produced by a stop closure followed immediately a

slow release of the closure as in a fricative. These speech sounds are called affricates.

[ʧ] and [ʤ] are affricates.

Nasals

A nasal consonant is produced with a lowered velum in the mouth, allowing airto escape freely through the nose.

The oral cavity still acts as a resonance chamber for the sound, but the airdoes not escape through the mouth as it is blocked by th tongue.

[m], [n] and [ŋ] are nasals.

Liquids When there is some obstruction of the air stream but not enough to cause

friction, these speech sounds are called liquids.

[l] and [r] are liquids

Glides

When there is little or no obstruction of the air stream inthe mouth, these speech sounds are called glides or semi-vowel

[j] and [w] are glides.

Conclusion

Speech organ is the kind of organs in human body which distribute andsupport people to verbalize and produce sounds. Speech organs differinto two types. There are Passive and active organs. Passive organs areorgan which not move when we produce sounds and active organ is theorgan which move when we produce sound.

There are three dimensions of articulation. There are Voice, Place andmanner of articulation. Voice is the tone of pitch that produce vibrantvoiceless is the contrary of voice. Place of articulation is the area ofmouth when produce the speech. The manner of articulation is thesteps of people to sounds their speech.