SPEECH ACTS AND EVENTS

Susan Ade FitriTika Kartika

Alfiah Sitia Rahma

SPEECH ACT AND EVENTSSPEECH ACTS Locutionary act: The basic act of

uttering a meaningful linguistic form.My tired body.Sandy play guitar. Illocutionary act: The communicative

force of an utterance.Hot airSuseno was sick

Perlocutionary act: The effect of an utterance used to perform a speech act.

There is a ghost!Just brush!He survived, ma'am.

IFIDS An IFID (Illocutionary Force Indicating

Device): Indication in the speaker’s utterance of the communicative force of that utterance.

-such verbs are called performative verbs (Vp): Promise and Warn

I promise/warn you that ... -they are not always made this

explicit in conversation (in [7] page 50).

- most of the time there is no performative verb mentioned.

Other IFIDs beside performative verbs: word order, stress, intonation, voice quality (lowered for warnings/threats).

You're going! [I tell you X] You're going? [I request confirmation

about X] Are you going? [I ask you if X]

FELICITY CONDITIONS

Felicity conditions: The appropiate conditions for a speech act to be recognized as intended.

I sentence you to six months in prison

FELICITY CONDITIONS

KINDS OF FC

general conditio

ns

content conditio

nspreparato

ry conditions

sincerity conditio

ns

essential conditio

ns

THE PERFORMATIVE HYPOTHESISA proposal that, underlying

every utterance, there is a clause with a verb that identifies the speech act.

KINDS OF THE PERFORMATIVE HYPOTESIS

Explicit Performaive

Implicit Performative

Primary

Performative

SPEECH ACT CLASSIFICATION Declarations : A speech act that

brings about a change by being uttered.

Representatives : speech acts that state what the speaker believes to be the case or not.

The earth is flate Chomskey didnt`t write about peanuts It was a warm sunny day

expressives: -speech acts that state what the speaker feels .

I`m really sorry! Congratulation! Oh, yes, great,mmmm,ssahh! directives: -speech acts that

speakers use to get someone else to do something.

Gimme a cup of coffe. Make it black Could you lend me a pan, please? Don`t touch that.

commissives: -speech acts that speaker use to commit themselves to some future action.

I`ll be back I`m going to get it right next time We will not do that.

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH ACTS Direct Speech Act: Speech act where a

direct relationship exists between the structure and communicative function of an utterance. Using an interrogative form.

Indirect Speech act: Speech act where an indirect relationship exists between the structure and communicative function of an utterance.

SPEECH EVENTS A set of circumtances in which people

interact in some conventional way to arrive at some conventional way to arrive at some outcome.

1. Preparatory Condition is that the speaker assumes the hearer is able to, or CAN, Perform the action.

2. Content Condition is concerns future action, that the hearer WILL perform the action.

A. Content Future act of hearer (=hearer `WILL YOU DO X?` Condition WILL do X )

B. Prepratory Hearer is able to `CAN you do X ?`

Condition perform act (= hearer CAN do X )

ANY QUESTION???