Some aspects of Present & Future US HEP

EPS Conference: AachenHugh Montgomery

July 19, 2003

US Particle Physics Planning

• Current Programs SLAC/FNAL

• HEPAP Subpanel Report, 2001-2

• HEPAP-DoE Office of Science Facilities

• Linear Collider

• SLAC/FNAL Long Range Planning

• Long Range Accelerator R&D

• Perspective» Apologies to those programs slighted

• Particle Astrophysics Experiments– GLAST– Future Options/Kavli Institute

• PEP II– BaBar

• Fixed target Program– E158 Electroweak, -Z interference at low Q2

• Accelerator Physics – LC R&D– Advanced Accelerator Physics

• Detector R&D– LC R&D– EXO

SLAC Experimental Physics

SLAC PEP II-Performance

• Turn-on November 15 after 4.5 month down.

– Total PEP-II Delivered: 138/fb– Total BaBar Data sample: 131/fb

• Machine is working extremely well

– Routinely performs at twice design luminosity

• Starting 2 month down

• Recent PEP-II Records– Peak luminosity = 6.6 x 1033 cm-

2s-1

– Best day 395.1/pb

• Restart in September for projected 10 month run

AWG "new" abstracts submitted Tot. Subm.

sin2beta 6charmonium 3charm 3breco 5c-less 2b 3c-less q2b 2c-less 3b 4IHBD 1B mix. & lifet. 1leptonic b & c 3rad. penguins 3inclusive SL 5exclusive SL 3tau-QED 2IHPS 2

)(2cos,had2sin 0*KJJ excl.BF,, 00 BmBmBB

pyspectroscodecays, body3 sDD ...,2sin,,, 00*** BFDKDKD JS

2sin

set) data Run3 LP03, (seehVV //,

KKK,00

updates,, Kll

lslbsγb , inclusiveendpoint less-c BF, & mom. BFs, SL had.mom., e

factors form,, BFs, ubcb VVupdate

spectra had. inclusive,XBBF

46 abstracts 30 “new results” + (winter, spring) results

BaBar Abstracts to Summer Conferences:

The new narrow DsJ*+ states

2*

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MeV/c4.08.23162317

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2317

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PEP-II Future Plans

• Machine Luminosity Improvements by 2006:– Peak luminosity:

• 2 x 1034 cm-2s-1

– Integrated luminosity: • 500/fb

• Working on a path to:– Peak luminosity

• 4 x 1034 cm-2s-1

– Integrated luminosity • 1-2/ab

….by end of decade

E158: Moeller Scattering: Preliminary Results

sin2eff(Q2=0.025 GeV2) = 0.2371 ± 0.0025 ±0.0027

APV=-151.9 29.0 32.5 ppb

Future SLAC Program

X-ray Experiments in FTTB

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• Particle Astrophysics Experiments– Pierre Auger– Cold Dark Matter Search (CDMS II- Soudan)– Sloan Digital Sky Survey

• Flavor Physics– BTeV– CKM

• Fixed target Program– MIPP– E906(antiquark sea)– Test Beams

• Neutrino Physics– MINOS – Starts 2005– MiniBooNE

• The Energy Frontier– CMS– Tevatron Collider- CDF, D0

FNAL Experimental Physics

Tevatron FY 2003

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Base plan, revised from 200 to 225 total Stretch Plan Achieved 7.0/week until shutdown

7/03 7/02

Best week(pb-1) 9.1 3.7

Typical week 6.5 2.4

Best luminosity 4.5 2.6

(1031cm-2s-1)

Stretch goal

Base goal

Total 275 pb-1 Delivered in Run II

Total 190 pb-1 Delivered in FY2003

CDF: Charm

Silicon Vertex Trigger selects huge charm signals!

(DKK)/(DK) = (11.17±0.48±0.98)% (PDG: 10.83±0.27) (D)/(DK) = (3.37±0.20±0.16)% (PDG: 3.76±0.17)

CDF/D0: Electroweak Bosons

CDF/DØ Preliminary

1.96 TeV

Top: DZero

-

MTC

Jet 1IP

SV

IP

SV

Jet 1

Jet 2

Preliminary excluded masses of new particles in Run 2 (95% CL):Axigluon or ColoronRun 2: M <1130 GeV (Run 1: 980 GeV)Excited QuarksRun 2: M < 760 GeV (Run 1: 760 GeV)E6 DiquarkRun 2: 280<M<420 GeV (Run 1: 290<M<420 GeV)

CDF: High Mass Dijets

The Tevatron Collider Program

Next physics results• Top measurements• W measurements• Searches for

supersymmetry, extra dimensions, etc.

• B, Bs, b, charm physics

• QCD

Tevatron Luminosity Projection

Run II "Design" Projection

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Start of Fiscal Year

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)

MiniBooNE• MiniBooNE is designed to follow

up on the LSND evidence of a

e oscillation at high m2 ,

requiring a sterile neutrino

• The experiment is running well in its first year of operation.

• Program to decrease losses in the booster have made it possible to increase the flux.

MiniBooNE Beam Status

• Record number of POT is 3x that of 6 months ago.– Large fraction data sample collected in last few months.– New collimator installed this summer will enable the next boost in

intensity ( * 2).

MINOS

measure m2 and sin2(2precisely

8x1020 pot

search for |Ue3|

(8x10 20 pot)

Status of the NuMI Project

• Good progress on construction– Tunnels and Halls contract complete 11/22/02– Surface Buildings and Outfitting contract ~40% done

• MINOS far detector installed and operating– Cosmic ray studies underway

• Within 30 minutes of MI multibatch studies, set an intensity record of ~2.5E13.

• Project is on schedule for beam commissioning in 12/04.

The LHC Program• US-LHC accelerator

– Project >80% complete • on schedule, on budget

• IR Quadrupoles are well into production.– First complete Q2 (2 MQXB

magnets) is a great success.– Second Q2 is complete.– 5 more MQXB complete (half

the production)– 5 MQXA delivered from KEK.

• Planning the US accelerator research effort with BNL, LBNL

US-CMS• Project >80% complete by

earned value• on schedule and budget

baseline• very successful Lehman

review May, 2002

• Planning the transition to the CMS research program.

• CMS software and computing project

• Maintenance and operations

• strong physics research center for the US participants

Fermilab Long-Range Schedule

HEPAP Subpanel Report 2002 • “that the United States take steps to remain a world leader in

the vital and exciting field of particle physics, through a broad program of research focused on the frontiers of matter, energy, space, and time.”

The U.S. laboratories dedicated to High Energy Physics, have a special responsibility to develop the research facilities needed to implement that recommendation.

• “ that the U.S. participate in the linear collider, wherever it is built in the world, and that the U.S. prepare to bid to host such a facility.”

Fermilab & SLAC are working within the framework of the international and US steering groups to develop a global project, and to work out what it would take to host such a facility in the US (at FNAL).

The US program 2010

Physics at the TeV Energy ScaleTevatron, LHC

Neutrino and Lepton Flavor PhysicsFNAL(MI), BNL(MECO), Neutrino Mass(EXO?)

Quark Flavor Physics and CP violationFNAL(BTeV, CKM), BNL(KOPIO), SLAC PEPII(I?)

Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology– CDMSII(I?), Auger, GLAST, SNAP

DOE-OS HEP Facilities Report

Issues for the Future

• Linear Collider• LC in US? Where?• LC Offshore?

• LHC• LHC Physics Program (Maintenance and Operations,

Software & Computing, PHYSICS, upgrades)• LHC Accel. R&D Program

• Neutrino Program• Proton Driver?

• Quark Flavor Physics

• Resources

Issues for the Future

• Particle Astrophysics

• Accelerator Physics R&D

• Detector R&D

• US International Lab?

(N)LC RF R&D Activities and Plans Through 2004

• At NLCTA in 2000, realized the 1.8 m long structures were being damaged during processing and would not meet performance at 65 MV/m.

• Aggressive R&D program– Built and tested traveling wave structures and standing wave structures.

– Improved structure handling, cleaning and baking methods.

– Studied characteristics of rf breakdown in structures, cavities and waveguides.

Have tested 20 structures made from a total of approximately 1000 cells.

Over 10,000 hr operation at 60 Hz. 109 rf pulses; a total of ~ 105 rf breakdown events.

High-Gradient R&D

T-Series Structures – 50 cm long low group velocity structures with high shunt impedance.

Focus is shifting to production of a 60 cm DDS baseline design.

• H60VG3_6C performs “acceptably” at 65 MV/m, but we can do better.

• To improve rf efficiency and provide more operating overhead, we will focus on the a/ = 0 .17 version of this structure (H60VG3S17).

• The main goal for the next year is to have eight structures of this design operating at 65 MV/m in the NLCTA linac with power provided by the SLED-II, and to accumulate ~ 2000 hours of high-gradient operation.

Fermilab and KEK will build structures for this “TRC R2” demonstration.

We will continue to study two alternate possibilities that might provide dramatically better gradients:

Standing-wave structures with low pulse temperature rise couplers.

Structures with Mo and W irises (built by CERN).

High-Gradient Plans

Linear Collider

• Upper levels of US government are reacting to the Subpanel recommendation on developing an international linear collider.– Steps to initiate government-government discussions– Discussion of increasing R&D– First funding to Universities for accelerator and

detector R&D• The International Linear Collider Steering

Committee has been working to– Organise the linear collider as a global project;– Prepare for a technology decision process;– Establish a worldwide R&D effort

Linear Collider

• The US Linear Collider Steering Committee has been working to– Support R&D for University Community– Study relative costs, impacts, capabilities for U.S.-

sited LC using either cold or warm technology

• In US:– Two sites are being considered consistent with

consensus that site should be near an existing laboratory if possible.

• FNAL (Illinois) site• California site

Linear Collider (FNAL view)

• FNAL strongly committed to being a full partner in a future LC

• FNAL is planning to– Build up accelerator R&D effort on LC (currently funding limited)– Build up a group to work with University groups doing R&D on

accelerator and detector

• FNAL as a site for a future LC is being actively explored– Proposed by Director in 2001– Strong base of expert manpower and infrastructure– Excellent locations nearby– Good geology– Good political environment

Linear Collider (SLAC view)

• SLAC strongly committed to being a full partner in a future LC

• SLAC will:– Continue strong accelerator R&D effort on LC

• Currently focused on warm technology• Currently funding limited

– Continue to build up detector R&D effort in conjunction with user community

• SLAC is supporting site studies involving both national (CA, FNAL) and international sites for the machine.

SLAC Long Range Planning• Background• The world HEP community has decided that the next large accelerator project

after the LHC should be a high energy, high luminosity e+e- linear collider (LC). This will be a multi-billion dollar accelerator project with participation of major physics labs around the world. SLAC will be a major participant in the design, construction, operation and exploitation of this facility, independent of where it is sited and what technology is chosen. However the model for SLAC’s participation has not yet been determined.

• The PEP-II/BaBar program has an exciting future throughout this decade. The B physics program in the next decade will be shaped by what is learned in this decade and a next generation B factory is under consideration by the community and SLAC. SLAC, in partnership with the Physics and Applied Physics departments on campus, has started a new Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology. Building on the experience with GLAST, SLAC and the Institute will be participating in new major initiatives in particle astrophysics throughout this decade and into the future.

• As we look towards our future, what are the exciting physics opportunities for SLAC to be engaged in as we look forward to the next decade? Will they be on site, off site or in space? How do the projects we may be doing utilize the lab manpower and infrastructure? How does this depend on the LC technology choice and the siting of the linear collider?

SLAC Long Range Planning

• Goal• This committee should prepare a white paper for the Laboratory

Director entitled “Scenarios for the Future of SLAC”. It should look at what may be happening at SLAC in the next decade while an international LC is being built and operated. This paper should be completed by October 1, 2003. Information for it should be gathered in an open fashion involving the SLAC faculty, staff and users. There are many possible scenarios. These should be reduced to some illustrative examples that are examined in detail to provide a picture of the size and vitality of the laboratory.

SLAC Options

• Super B Factory– Search for new physics in flavor sector

• Expose new sources of CP violation at TeV scale• Goal: 100 times the luminosity of current facilities

– Joint venture with KEK– Machine in early R&D stages

• Ongoing technical R&D• Development of the physics case

• Particle Astrophysics Post-GLAST• LHC Upgrades• Neutrinos• Other on-site accelerator options

(From) Charge to the FNAL Long Range Planning Committee

• I would like the Long-range Planning Committee to develop in detail a few realistically achievable options for the Fermilab program in the next decade under each possible outcome for the linear collider. The goal in developing each option should be to optimize the opportunities available at Fermilab in this period for high energy physicists to answer the most important questions in our field. The options should be guided by the priorities for the field as laid out in the HEPAP Subpanel and in the HEPAP response to the Office of Science on the facilities plan.

• The committee should develop scenarios for each of the two cases spelled out by the HEPAP Subpanel.

• A linear collider project will be built here, starting late in this decade with international support and organization.

• The linear collider will be built offshore with substantial participation from U.S. High Energy Physics.

• In either case, you should make the following additional assumptions.

• Fermilab will have a central role in an active U.S. research program at the LHC, both as host of the US-CMS collaboration and as developer of accelerator upgrade plans.

• Fermilab will carry out the presently approved program of experiments following approval from the national program.

From “Neutrinos” Group Work Plan

• Overall Goal– Plan a Fermilab Neutrino Program that is capable of

providing definitive measurements of the currently unmeasured neutrino oscillation parameters, 13, sign(m13

2) and • Specific Questions

– – –

• The overall goal assumes that a program that is sufficiently powerful ….. will also provide a wealth of other oscillation and non-oscillation physics. The word capability … should be interpreted to include this.

From “Proton Driver” Group Work Plan

• Goals 

• Understand and summarize the physics, operational, and technical arguments for constructing a new high intensity proton source at Fermilab (Proton driver).

• Summarize the arguments pro and con for the two options for a Proton Driver: – 8 GeV Circular booster replacement – 8 GeV Superconducting linear accelerator (same technology as

Tesla)

• Define the steps including R&D program that would allow Fermilab to gain approval for such a machine.

• Summarize the funding, schedule, and manpower considerations

• Recommend a plan of action and a near-term level of laboratory effort that should be devoted to this task.

Beyond LHC and LC (US Accelerator R&D)

• Advanced Acceleration Techniques– Laser Acceleration, Plasma Acceleration

• VLHC R&D– Magnet R&D (too small)

• Muon Storage/Neutrino Factory– (too) Modest Multi Laboratory Effort– Excellent Reviews

Technical Progress - Hardware

Targetry Ionization Cooling

PROGRESS:

-- Absorber designed-- Thin windows tested-- 5T solenoid for RF test built-- Two 805 MHz cavities built-- 34 MV/m achieved at 805 MHz-- RF tests in magnetic field large dark currents&breakdown

t = 0 0.75 ms 2 ms 7 ms 18 ms

Carbon-rod & Hg-jet targets studied at BNL -- Hg jet preferred because: x 2 pion yield May survive 4 MW proton beam

-- Jet (2 m/s) remains intact for beam spill -- Fragments have small velocities

BUT WE NEED TO:

-- develop & test 20m/s jet -- test in higher intensity (x 4) AGS beam (needs AGS running in FY04) -- test in high-field solenoid + beam.

Need target that can handle 4MW proton beam Cooling channel components are demanding: -- Liq. H2 absorbers with thin windows -- 16 MV/m 200 MHz RF in multi-Tesla field

BUT WE NEED

-- Test area (back from bid)-- Absorber tests-- 200 MHz cavity (designed)-- magnet for 200 MHz test

Hardware Activities

Tested Be-Windowsfor RF Cavities

– LBNL

Liq.H Absorber – KEK

To be testedat FNAL

Thin absorber windowsTested – new technique

– ICAR Universities

Bolometer detectors for Window Beam

profile Measurements– U. Chicago

5T Cooling ChannelSolenoid – LBNL

& Open Cell NCRF Cavityoperated at

Lab G – FNAL

High-Gradient RF Tests in

High Magnetic Field – FNAL

200 MHz SCRFCavity for Acceleration

– Cornell

Studied Iris damage in805 MHz cavity withinmulti-Tesla magnet

Perspective• Present Programs, ( Tevatron Run II/CDF,D0 and PEP-II/BaBar ,

MINOS ……) are exciting through the decade

• LHC is a major piece of the future.

• Astroparticle physics is growing

• THE Issue is how to get the Linear Collider: – In the US?– At FNAL ??

• What fits with the LC?

– Flavor initiatives?

– Neutrino Program?