Slope Final Review Meeting - WP6

Project SLOPE

Final Review 1/Feb/2017

WP6 – System Integration

Brussels, Feb 1st, 2017

Task 6.2 - First Integration – Forest inventory & harvesting systemsTask 6.3 - Second integration – Forest management

Task 6.4 - Third integration - System validation

WP Overview• Status: Completed (100%)• Length: 26 Months (From M10 to M36)• Involved Partners

• Leader: GraphiTech• Participants: CNR-IVALSA, COMPOLAB, MHG, GREIFEMBERG,

TREEMETRICS, ITENE, BOKU

• Aim: Achieve a complete integration of the different components that are part of the SLOPE platform to be tested on pilot areas


WP Overview• Outputs:

• D.6.01 System Integration and Validation Plan (M14)• D.6.021 System integration report I (M27)• D.6.022 System integration report II (M31)• D.6.023 System integration report III (M34)• D.6.03 SLOPE system field trials readiness assessment report (M36)• D.6.041 SLOPE system techno-economic evaluation report I (M23)• D.6.042 SLOPE system techno-economic evaluation report II (M29)• D.6.043 SLOPE system techno-economic evaluation report III (M34)


Work Package key aspects• Build an integrated working system

• Ready for Pilot demonstrations and on-the-field testing

• 3 Main tasks:• First Integration - Forest Inventory & Harvesting

System • Second Integration - Forest Management• Third Integration – System Validation

• Technical and Economical Analysis

T.6.2

T.6.3

T.6.4


Process• Implementation of the integration strategy defined in D.6.01 -

System Integration and Validation Plan

• Perform each integration task (6.2, 6.3, 6.4) according to the identified strategies


Integration StrategyFrom D.6.01 > Waterfall + agile like approach• 3 major loops of integration and lab validation• 4 minor loops of iterative evolution• Bug fixing and integration at high frequency• Parallel support for real use case pilots

T.6.2

T.6.3

T.6.4


Integration StrategyFor each main integration step:• Definition of the involved components• Timeline with integration steps, milestones, telcos, days for testing• One testing scenario based on the use case• Recognize Involved actors • Definition of required HW and SW• Functional requirements

• defining a function• Non-functional requirements

• defining a criteria for an operation• Testing approach• Integration results


Actors, HW and SW• Actors:

• Forest Planner• Forestry expert• Truck operators• On-field harvesting operator• Cableway Operator

• Hardware:• Tablet / Smartphone with at least Android 4.4• GPS Sensor integrated inside the handheld or

external• RFID Handheld (Tablet / Smartphone)• Industrial PC installed inside the excavator• CompactRIO/DAQ Custom system on the excavator• Desktop Computer• Wi-Fi/3G connectivity• In-vehicle GPS system

• Software:• 3D Planning for Harvesting software• Forest Information System (Web

Services and Database)• Web Mapping Service (GeoServer)• Real-time enterprise resource

planning system• Online selling and auction system• MHG Mobile app


Functional RequirementsFollowing the increase of available features, functional requirements tests have been evolved during the project lifetime:• D6.021 Integration I: 101 test• D6.022 Integration II: 125 test• D6.023 Integration III: 125 test


Functional Requirements are organized in 9 main categories5. Forest6. Other7. Purchasing and Selling8. Business Analytics9. Resource Inspection

1. Authentication2. Navigation3. Analytics4. Operation

Functional Requirements


ID Description Priority1 Authentication1.1 Create a new account LOW1.2 Login to the system LOW1.3 Logout from the system LOW

2 Navigation2.1 Navigate the forest map (Pan, Zoom, Tilt) HIGH2.2 Flight to a specific area HIGH2.3 Switch between different map data HIGH

3 Analytics3.1 Show satellite imagery HIGH3.2 Toggle aerial imagery visualization of the stand HIGH3.3 Toggle NIR imagery visualization of the stand HIGH3.4 Toggle open data visualization MEDIUM3.5 Toggle Multispectral satellite imageries HIGH3.6 Toggle digital surface model visualization HIGH3.7 Toggle Point cloud visualization MEDIUM3.8 Distance measurement HIGH3.9 Area measurement HIGH3.10 Terrain profiling HIGH3.11 Point of interest visualization MEDIUM3.12 Toggle roads visualization HIGH

4 Operation4.1 Cableway planning HIGH4.1.1 Add/Remove pylon HIGH4.1.2 Show harvesting area HIGH

4.1.3 Show cable information (angles, height from terrain, length) HIGH4.1.4 Show cable line profile MEDIUM4.1.5 Adjust pylon height HIGH4.1.6 Adjust cable tension HIGH4.1.7 Add/Remove rope launcher vehicle LOW4.1.8 Change rope launcher parameters LOW4.1.9 Visualize rope length LOW4.1.10 Visualize rope destination coordinates LOW

4.2 Working area setup4.2.1 Draw working area HIGH4.2.2 Place harvesting machines HIGH4.2.3 Place other resources HIGH4.2.4 Plan routes MEDIUM

4.3 Track felling activities MEDIUM 4.4 Toggle building and terminals visualization MEDIUM

4.5 Track logistics MEDIUM4.5.1 Show truck movements MEDIUM4.5.2 Track wood storage areas MEDIUM4.5.3 Track sawmills MEDIUM4.5.4 Show logs inventory MEDIUM

4.6 Track harvesting progress HIGH4.6.1 Real-time updates and statistics MEDIUM

4.7 Show weather conditions and forecast HIGH

Functional Requirements


5 Forest 5.1 Toggle stand visualization HIGH5.2 Toggle simple tree models visualization (from UAV) HIGH5.3 Toggle complex tree models visualization (from TLS) HIGH5.4 Single tree selection and inspection HIGH5.5 Single tree virtual marking HIGH5.5.1 Issue a report MEDIUM5.5.2 Update tree properties (Quality indices, status, etc.) HIGH

5.6 Retrieve forest area information MEDIUM

6 Other6.1 Save harvesting plan MEDIUM6.2 Load harvesting plan MEDIUM6.3 Switch interface language MEDIUM6.4 Export planning data MEDIUM6.5 Load GPS position HIGH 7 Purchasing 7.1 Online auction MEDIUM7.2 Direct selling MEDIUM

8 Business Analytics 8.1 Harvesting cost estimation HIGH8.2 Income estimation HIGH 9 Resource inspection 9.1 Staff monitoring MEDIUM9.1.2 Update human resource usage MEDIUM9.2 Machinery monitoring MEDIUM9.2.1 Update machine status MEDIUM9.3 Terminals monitoring MEDIUM9.3.1 Update terminal status MEDIUM9.3.2 Documentation with Mobile app MEDIUM9.3.3 Biomass quality monitoring MEDIUM9.3.4 Road side storage monitoring MEDIUM

9.3.5Transport monitoring & reports (delivery notes) MEDIUM

Forest Information System (FIS)1 User friendliness HIGH2 Compatibility with all the desktop browsers HIGH3 Compatibility with mobile browsers MEDIUM4 Cross platform HIGH5 Dynamic interface MEDIUM

Mobile scenario6 Easy identification of virtually marked trees on the field HIGH

7 GPS signal should work in the forestMEDIU

M

8 Offline fault toleranceMEDIU

MIn-vehicle scenario

9 Offline fault toleranceMEDIU

M


Non - Functional RequirementsNon - Functional requirements have been confirmed from their first definition in D6.01:

T6.02 – D6.021 - Final Components


T6.02 – D6.021 - Final Timeline

• 4 agile-like integration sprints (bimonthly)• 3 sprint overlapping with step 2 (T6.03)

• 1 virtual meeting every 2 weeks• 1 Round of testing at the end of each sprint

• Incremental built of D.6.021 System Integration Report I


T6.02 – D6.021 - Integration Objectives of Integration 1:1. Connection of the 3D modelling for harvesting planning (T.2.4) with the FIS2. Connection of handheld devices (e.g. RFID UHF readers) with the FIS3. Connection of cable crane and processor head’s enhanced HW with the FIS4. Connection of truck control units with the FIS5. Connection of planning and editing functionalities already available in the

3D modelling for harvesting planning system with the FIS


T6.03 – D6.021 – Main Achievements


Forest trees

Digital surface model + wireframe



Thematic layers visualization

Virtual tree marking



Measurements tools

3D model visualization



Integration between FIS and mobile apps

T6.02 – D6.021 – Testing [NFR]Two strategies: • Method A: ad-hoc internal testing methods• Method B: usability questionnaires (D6.03)


NFR results confirmed in both D6.022 and D6.023

T6.02 – D6.021 – Testing [FR]• One validation every 2 months• Test of each requirement in laboratory conditions

• Based on functional test cases• Threshold to be reached 80%


Val SW version Done Passed Failed % over Performed

Total % Planned Threshold

1 1.2 41 34 7 82.93% 33,66% 70%2 1.3 49 44 5 89.80% 43,56% 70%3 1.4 64 53 11 82,81% 52,48% 70%4 1.5 66 55 11 83,33% 54,46% 70%5 1.6 70 65 5 92,86% 64,36% 80%


• 4 agile-like integration sprints (bimonthly)• 3 sprint overlapping with step 3 (T6.04)

• 1 Virtual meeting every 2 weeks• 1 Round of testing at the end of each sprint

• Incremental built of D.6.022 System Integration Report II


T6.03 – D6.022 - Integration

Objectives of Integration 2:1. Refinement of already existing Web services to access the FIS2. Development of new Web Services functions used to interact with online

purchasing/invoicing, real-time operation control and logistic optimization3. Connection of purchasing/invoicing system with the FIS4. Connection of real-time operation control system with the FIS




Integration between the Wuudis marketplace, the 3D Harvesting Planning tool and the long-term optimization software


• Based on functional test case• Threshold to be reached 90%




5 1.6 70 65 5 92,86% 64,36% 80%6 1.7 101 80 0 100% 79,21% 80%7 1.8 103 87 0 100% 84,47% 90%8 1.9 102 104 2 98,08% 81,60% 90%


• 4 agile-like integration sprints (bimonthly) • 1 Virtual meeting every 2 weeks• 1 Round of testing

• Incremental built of D.6.023• Actors, requirements and test case as union of the first two steps


T6.04 – D6.023 - Integration


Objectives of Integration 3:1. Systems integration finalization2. Minor bug fixing coming from previous integration results3. Development of final features related to the 3D Harvesting Planning tool4. Final tests performed over the entire list of Functional Requirements



Point clouds visualization

Multi-route routing system



Refinement of cutting instructions

Spatial queries and new cost models


• Based on functional test case• Threshold to be reached 90%




9 2.0 110 110 0 100% 88,00% 90%

T6.04 – D6.023 – Testing [FR]Section #9 - Resource inspection tests have not been achieved • Some of the reported tests cases have been partially covered by the mobile

app developed within the project, respectively the “Treemetrics Forest” App and the “Slope-mobile” App from MHG.

By removing those tests from the overall number of test cases validated over the 3D harvesting and planning tool, the 95.65% of functional tests were achieved




9 2.0 110 110 0 100% 95,65% 90%

Integration Global Achievements


Val SW version Done Passed Failed % over Performed Total % Planned Threshold

1 1.2 41 34 7 82.93% 33,66% 70%2 1.3 49 44 5 89.80% 43,56% 70%3 1.4 64 53 11 82,81% 52,48% 70%4 1.5 66 55 11 83,33% 54,46% 70%5 1.6 70 65 5 92,86% 64,36% 80%6 1.7 101 80 0 100% 79,21% 80%7 1.8 103 87 0 100% 84,47% 90%8 1.9 102 104 2 98,08% 81,60% 90%9 2.0 110 110 0 100% 88,00% 90%

• All the integration phase components have been successfully integrated• Testing Results (3D Harvesting and Planning Tool) against 9 validation steps

T6.04 – D6.03 - SLOPE system field trials readiness assessment report


Objectives: • Assessment of the initial user experience• Recommendations for the field trials operations• Guidance and system operation manual for the Field Trials

operators



Structure of the document based on 3 main chapters:1. User experience assessment: feedbacks collected from involved users and

operators. This chapter identifies areas for future interventions, strength and weakness of each listed component.

2. Recommendations for future field trials operations: feedbacks gathered from experts from the SLOPE advisory board during the Pilot demonstrations

3. System operations manuals: manuals, tutorials, collection of materials useful for future trials operations.



Components involved in the analysis for chapter 1 and 3:1. Intelligent tree marking and tree felling/hauling2. Intelligent cable crane3. Intelligent processor head4. Intelligent transport truck5. Data management and back-up6. Database to support novel inventory data content7. Platform for near real time control operations

1. SLOPE Field Application2. 3D Harvesting and Planning Tool

8. Online purchasing/invoicing of industrial timber and biomass (Wuudis).



E.g. 3D Harvesting and Planning tool – user experience assessment• User experience assessment results have been acquired by the use of online

usability tests filled by final users (https://goo.gl/forms/faqU0DKrtkBLIsXq2)

https://goo.gl/forms/faqU0DKrtkBLIsXq2



E.g. 3D Harvesting and Planning tool – user experience assessment• User experience assessment results has been acquired by the use of online

usability tests filled by final users (https://goo.gl/forms/faqU0DKrtkBLIsXq2)

https://goo.gl/forms/faqU0DKrtkBLIsXq2



E.g. 3D Harvesting and Planning tool – system operation manuals• Collection of multimedia materials

(Slides, Videos) uploaded on YouTube and SlideShare



E.g. 3D Harvesting and Planning tool – system operation manuals• Collection of multimedia materials (Slides, Video) uploaded on YouTube and

SlideShare



[…]Earlier experiments with harvester head have showed that the conditions for sensors are very demanding because of the very robust nature of work: tremble, strokes, pieces of wood, sawdust, snow/water, lighting conditions etc. Processor head is obviously a bit easier frame for quality measurements than harvester head (no felling, lower stem speed etc.). But anyway, a realistic target would be a robust, simple and cheap construction that brings most essential new attributes describing logs' internal quality (log dimensions explain anyhow greatest part of timber value). Could for example measurement of branches (amount & diameter) through oil pressure measurements, which is tested - or with machine vision technique - combined with camera technology measuring width of annual rings from log ends (=> wood density), be an option?[…]



Recommendations Partners considerations

“conditions for sensors are very demanding because of the very robust nature of work”

The developed prototype housed many different sensors, moved by multiple actuators (hydraulic and electrical) and mechanical system, as well as electronic system for sensor acquisition and machine control. Each component has been selected taking into account its reliability in harsh environment (waterproofness, vibration and shock resistance, dust, extended temperature range…).

“a realistic target would be a robust, simple and cheap construction that brings most essential new attributes describing logs' internal quality”

Indeed, the final target is a robust and reliable processor which features some of the quality sensors studied and tested in the project. According to the final use, the local market and the type of trees handled, different set of sensors may be required.

[…]

T6 D6.041-2-3- SLOPE system Techno-economic Evaluation Report


Slope work system operations:1. Aerial data collection (Satellite and UAV)2. Terrestrial Laser Survey3. Tree marking 4. Cableway installation5. Felling6. Tree hauling7. Tree Processing8. Logs Sorting9. Logistics10. ERP and real-time operation

Each operation cost has been analyzed.

T6 D6.041-2-3 Satellite image acquisition cost analysis


• Based on Trentino Pilots• Images are already available and kept up to date for the whole territory and

acquisition is cheap• Newly taken images can target interested areas resulting in less «wasted»

surface and nearly the same costs• This cost is prudentially overestimated• Cost of satellite images to be charged on the simple harvest operations will be

negligible

SATELLITE IMAGE ANALYSIS CURRENT COST (€/m3) N/A ESTIMATED SLOPE COSTS (€/m3) 0.03

T6 D6.041-2-3 UAV survey cost analysis


• Smaller area & higher resolution than satellite images• Can cover 1km2 in 45 minutes up to 10km2 per day• Case study consists of forested property of Segonzano municipality• The area (1246ha) was covered in 1 flight• Total cost was roghly 7737€ considering planning, execution and post

processing.• Data can be used for the definition of existing slope profiles including toe /

crest lines and any intermediate breaks in slope, for generating a canopy model to enable species identification and timber volume estimation.

TLS SUPPORTED INVENTORY CURRENT COST (€/m3) N/AESTIMATED SLOPE COSTS (€/m3) 2.32

T6 D6.041-2-3 TLS survey cost analysis


• Two cost levels were calculated:• Sample TLS survey• 2 Scan points per ha -> 465 €/ha• 200m3/ha yields a cost of 2.32 €/m3

• 300m3/ha (Austria) yields a cost of 1.55€/m3

• Complete area survey• 15 Scan points per ha -> 465 €/ha• 200m3/ha yields a cost of 45.7 €/m3

UAV SURVEY CURRENT COST (€/m3) N/A ESTIMATED SLOPE COSTS (€/m3) 0.77

T6 D6.041-2-3 Tree marking and felling


• Cost calculations are based on the assumption that the set of tools will have an operative life of about 3 years for a total of no more than 3,000 hours

• Unitary cost for tags would be 0.37 €• 12 trees per hour, leading to a cost of 4.4 €/hour • Considering that the activity of tree marking is performed by a single

operator, and assuming a cost of 20 €/hour for a professional forester (Italian conditions) the overall tree marking cost is estimated to a total of 25.09 €/hour

• Operator costs 1.2 €/m3

• Consumable and hardware: 0.3 €/m3

TREE MARKING CURRENT COST (€/m3) 1.2ESTIMATED SLOPE COSTS (€/m3) 1.5

T6 D6.041-2-3 Cableway installation


• Cost calculations are based on the assumption that the operators will use the new Slope rope lunching system

• The common system for planning a cableway line requires forest and office activity

• Considering an hourly cost of 30 €/hour for a forest operator the total costs for planning, installing and dismantle a single cableway line are approximately 420 €. With an average timber yield of 400 m3 per line the total cost for these operations can be fixed to 1.05 €/m3

• The time for laying the line is about 4 hours for two operators. With the above cost values, this leads to a cost of 240 € just for cost of personnel. This cost is reduced to 60€

CABLEWAY INSTALLATION CURRENT COST (€/m3) 1.05ESTIMATED SLOPE COSTS (€/m3) 0.70

T6 D6.041-2-3 Felling


• A common felling operation, considering a single operator felling mature conifers in mountain conditions in Italy, has a cost of 36 €/productive hour

• Including the RFID reader in the tool set of the chainsaw operator will increase slightly the hourly cost to 36.85 €/hour

• According to the results of the pilot the additional working time is negligible, thus the cost of the new system can be considered the same as the current method

TREE FELLING CURRENT COST (€/m3) 5.8 ESTIMATED SLOPE COSTS (€/m3) 5.8

T6 D6.041-2-3 Tree hauling


• Hauling of trees has been performed by mean of the intelligent cable yarder self-propelled carriage

• A productivity of 7.1 m3/PMH15 has been considered for normal whole-tree extraction operations

• The hourly cost for the whole system, excluding installation and dismounting of the cableway, is estimated at 65.75 €/PMH

• New carriage system (chokers) alows for automatic unloading operation

TREE HAULING CURRENT COST (€/m3) 9.0ESTIMATED SLOPE COSTS – 25% PRODUCTIVITY LOSS - (€/m3) 9.2

T6 D6.041-2-3 Tree processing – With modified head


• During tree processing the SLOPE processor head prototype performed a large number of extra operations. Some of them implying an increase of the total time for a single work cycle

• During the pilot, it has been possible to organize a time study, based mostly on recording the operations made by the machine with an action cam installed by the side of the operator’s cabin

TREE PROCESSING (AND SORTING) CURRENT COST (€/m3) 8.0ESTIMATED SLOPE COSTS – 25% PRODUCTIVITY LOSS - (€/m3) 10.6

T6 D6.041-2-3 Logs sorting


• According to estimates of the Forest Services of the Province of Trento (Italy), in the present conditions the operations of volume estimate, quality assessing and related handling have a cost ranging between 6 and 10 €/m3

• For the SLOPE system, the costs of logs sorting are included in the timber processing costs.

LOGS SORTING ESTIMATED CURRENT COST (€/m3) 8SLOPE COSTS (€/m3) 0

T6 D6.041-2-3 Logistics


• The cost of a timber truck equipped with crane can be assumed from literature to a value of 65 €/PMH, while the equipment integrated in the truck would lead to an hourly cost increase of about 0.39€.

• An appropriate fleet management is expected to increase overall logistics efficiency. Acuna (2014) estimates such benefit in a cost reduction of timber transportation of 10% or more (up to 25% in simulated scenarios).

TIMBER LOGISTICS CURRENT COST (€/m3) 11ESTIMATED SLOPE COSTS (€/m3) 10

T6 D6.041-2-3 ERP and real time operations


• The comparison of this tool with the common work system is quite complex.

• Missing a more detailed reference, the final cost of ERP services is set at an indicative value corresponding to 4% of the commercial timber value.

• Considering an average timber value of 80 €/m3 the cost of this service adds 3.2 €/m3 to the total costs of the SLOPE system.

ERP – REAL TIME OPERATIONS CONTROL CURRENT COST (€/m3) N/AESTIMATED SLOPE COSTS (€/m3) 3.2

T6 D6.041-2-3 Cost of the SLOPE system


CURRENT SYSTEM

Activity €/m3

SATELLITE IMAGE ANALYSIS 0UAV SURVEY 0TLS SUPPORTED INVENTORY 0CABLEWAY INSTALLATION 1,05TREE MARKING 1,2TREE FELLING 5,8TREE HAULING 9TREE PROCESSING (AND SORTING) 8LOGS SORTING 8TIMBER LOGISTICS 11ERP – REAL TIME OPERATIONS CONTROL 0TOTAL COST 44,05

SLOPE SYSTEM

Activity €/m3

SATELLITE IMAGE ANALYSIS 0,03UAV SURVEY 0,77TLS SUPPORTED INVENTORY 2,32CABLEWAY INSTALLATION 0,70TREE MARKING 1,5TREE FELLING 5,8TREE HAULING 9,2TREE PROCESSING (AND SORTING) 10,6LOGS SORTING 0TIMBER LOGISTICS 10ERP – REAL TIME OPERATIONS CONTROL 3,2TOTAL COST 44,12

Slope System Cost Comparison

Open Discussion


Thank you for your attention

Daniele Magliocchetti: [email protected] Di Staso: [email protected] Huurinainen: [email protected] Plosila: [email protected] Gianni Picchi: [email protected]


mailto:[email protected]





Slope Final Review Meeting - WP6

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