[Slideshare] fiqh-course (sept-2012-batch) -introdn #1a -(8-sept-2012)

““INTRODUCTION TO THE INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF STUDY OF FIQH FIQH ””

Intermediate Level Islamic course in English for AdultsIntermediate Level Islamic course in English for Adultsconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismailconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST MERCIFUL.MOST MERCIFUL.

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2012))

LESSON # 1 a – LESSON # 1 a –

INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF FIQHINTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF FIQHAnd say: O Lord! Increase for me my knowledge

Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims. Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.

““To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”

UPDATED – UPDATED – Sept-2012 Sept-2012

SEPTEMBER 2012 - INTAKESEPTEMBER 2012 - INTAKE


“ “It is He (Allah) Who has sent amongst the Unlettered It is He (Allah) Who has sent amongst the Unlettered

a messenger (Muhammad) from among themselves, to a messenger (Muhammad) from among themselves, to

rehearse to them His Signs, to sanctify them, and to rehearse to them His Signs, to sanctify them, and to

instruct them in Scripture and Wisdom― although they instruct them in Scripture and Wisdom― although they

had been, before, in manifest error― .“had been, before, in manifest error― .“

((Qur’an: Jumu’ah: 62: 2Qur’an: Jumu’ah: 62: 2))



““As well as (to confer all these benefits upon) others of them, who As well as (to confer all these benefits upon) others of them, who

have not already joined them: and He is Exalted in Might, Wise.”have not already joined them: and He is Exalted in Might, Wise.”

((Qur’an: Jumu’ah: 62: 3Qur’an: Jumu’ah: 62: 3))



“Such is the Bounty of Allah, which He bestows on whom He will:

and Allah is the Lord of the highest bounty.”

(Qur’an: Jumu’ah: 62: 4)


““Who is better in speech than one who calls (men) to Allah, works Who is better in speech than one who calls (men) to Allah, works

righteousness, and says "I am of those who bow in Islam"righteousness, and says "I am of those who bow in Islam"

((Qur’an: Fussilat: 41: 33Qur’an: Fussilat: 41: 33))


““Nor should the Believers all go forth together: if a contingent Nor should the Believers all go forth together: if a contingent

from every expedition remained behind, they could devote from every expedition remained behind, they could devote

themselves to studies in religion (themselves to studies in religion (LIYA-TAFAQQAHU -FID-DEENLIYA-TAFAQQAHU -FID-DEEN) )

and admonish the people when they return to them― that and admonish the people when they return to them― that

thus they (may learn) to guard themselves (against evil).” thus they (may learn) to guard themselves (against evil).”

((Qur’an: Taubah: 9:122Qur’an: Taubah: 9:122))


Say: "Are those equal, those who know and those who do Say: "Are those equal, those who know and those who do

not know? It is those who are endued with understanding not know? It is those who are endued with understanding

that receive admonition.“that receive admonition.“

((Qur’an: Zumar: 39: 9Qur’an: Zumar: 39: 9))


“ “So ask the people of the ‘Remembrance’ (i.e. those So ask the people of the ‘Remembrance’ (i.e. those

who know) in matters which you do not know.“who know) in matters which you do not know.“

((Qur’an: Anbiya’: 21: 7Qur’an: Anbiya’: 21: 7))


““Verily those who truly fear Allah from among His Verily those who truly fear Allah from among His

Servants, those who have knowledge (Servants, those who have knowledge (AL-’ULAMAAL-’ULAMA): ):

for Allah is Exalted in Might, Oft-Forgiving.“for Allah is Exalted in Might, Oft-Forgiving.“

((Qur’an: Fatir: 35: 28Qur’an: Fatir: 35: 28))


“ “ Allah will raise up, to (suitable) ranks (and degrees), Allah will raise up, to (suitable) ranks (and degrees),

those of you who believe and who have been granted those of you who believe and who have been granted

Knowledge (Knowledge (UU-TUL-’ILMAUU-TUL-’ILMA): and Allah is well-acquainted ): and Allah is well-acquainted

with all ye do.”with all ye do.”

((Qur’an: Mujadilah: 58: 11Qur’an: Mujadilah: 58: 11))


He (Allah) grants wisdom to whom He pleases; and he to He (Allah) grants wisdom to whom He pleases; and he to

whom wisdom is granted receives indeed a benefit whom wisdom is granted receives indeed a benefit

overflowing; but none will grasp the message but men of overflowing; but none will grasp the message but men of

understanding.“understanding.“

((Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 269Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 269))All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2012))

“Whomsoever that Allah wishes for him goodness, He will

make him a FAQIH (learned) in matters of the religion(Deen);

and for everything there is a pillar, and the pillar of this

religion is AL-FIQH – (the profound understanding of the

Deen); a learned scholar (of the Deen) is more difficult upon

satan than a thousand worshippers.”

((Reported by Bukhary and MuslimReported by Bukhary and Muslim))


““Whosoever sets out upon the path in which to seek Whosoever sets out upon the path in which to seek

knowledge (knowledge (‘ILMA‘ILMA), Allah will make easy for him the ), Allah will make easy for him the

path to Paradise.” path to Paradise.”

((Reported by Abu Daud & TirmidziReported by Abu Daud & Tirmidzi))


““The best ones amongst you is the person who makes your The best ones amongst you is the person who makes your

remember Allah when you look upon him; and whenever he remember Allah when you look upon him; and whenever he

speaks it increases you your knowledge (of the Deen), and with speaks it increases you your knowledge (of the Deen), and with

his deeds it inspires (motivates) you to strive for your Hereafter.”his deeds it inspires (motivates) you to strive for your Hereafter.”

((Hadith reported by Hakim from Ibnu ‘Umar r.aHadith reported by Hakim from Ibnu ‘Umar r.a.).)


““Knowledge is not from the listening of much narrations Knowledge is not from the listening of much narrations

(or merely reading books), verily knowledge is light (or merely reading books), verily knowledge is light

(which Allah s.w.t.) into the heart.”(which Allah s.w.t.) into the heart.”

((Saying of Saying of ** Ibnu Mas’ud r.a Ibnu Mas’ud r.a.).)

* The famous companion (SAHABI) of the Prophet s.a.a.w.The famous companion (SAHABI) of the Prophet s.a.a.w.


* Muhammad ibn al-Hassan Abu ’Abdallah al-Shaibany r.h.m. said:

““The most meritorious of knowledge is knowledge of the ‘The most meritorious of knowledge is knowledge of the ‘HaalHaal’ ’

(spiritual state); and the most meritorious of actions (deeds) is (spiritual state); and the most meritorious of actions (deeds) is

to maintain one’s standing (goodly spiritual state attainedto maintain one’s standing (goodly spiritual state attained).”).”

•The famous student of Imam Abu Hanifah r.h.mThe famous student of Imam Abu Hanifah r.h.m. amongst the teachers of Imam Ash-Shafi’ie r.h.m



• REFLECTION:REFLECTION:

Our concern should be towards drawing close to Allah Our concern should be towards drawing close to Allah

spiritually described as states (spiritually described as states (HaalHaal). In the incremental ). In the incremental

states which we gained, we must strive to maintain with states which we gained, we must strive to maintain with

‘amal ‘amal (practice) as we can regress. When ‘(practice) as we can regress. When ‘istiqomahistiqomah’ in ’ in

one’s Haal is achieved, it is called ‘one’s Haal is achieved, it is called ‘MaqomMaqom’’



““Learn (seek knowledge)! For the learning is an adornment for Learn (seek knowledge)! For the learning is an adornment for

the one who (strive and) possesses it; a virtue and a prelude to the one who (strive and) possesses it; a virtue and a prelude to

every praiseworthy action.”every praiseworthy action.”



• REFLECTION:REFLECTION:

Certainly, this is from the Islamic perspective of Certainly, this is from the Islamic perspective of

knowledge linked to knowledge linked to ‘ibaadah ‘ibaadah – not the secularist-– not the secularist-

culture of learning which is attached to value-system culture of learning which is attached to value-system

quite opposed to Islamic ideals.quite opposed to Islamic ideals.



““Give yourself up to the study of jurisprudence (FIQH), for the

knowledge of jurisprudence is the best guide to piety and the fear

of God and it is the straightest path to the ultimate goal.”.”

• REFLECTION:REFLECTION: “ “FiqhFiqh” – literally means “profound understanding (of the ” – literally means “profound understanding (of the

Deen)” – ref: al-Qur’an Surah Taubah : 9: 122, which later Deen)” – ref: al-Qur’an Surah Taubah : 9: 122, which later was used to refer to the studies of Islamic jurisprudence.was used to refer to the studies of Islamic jurisprudence.



• “It is the milestone leading to the ways of proper guidance;

it is the fortress that saves [one] from all hardships. “

• REFLECTION:REFLECTION: Again, one has to understand Islam’s value system which Again, one has to understand Islam’s value system which

do not separate the eternal goodness and hardship in do not separate the eternal goodness and hardship in Hereafter with present life which is temporary and Hereafter with present life which is temporary and fleeting. Thus, those with secular worldview, may not be fleeting. Thus, those with secular worldview, may not be able to appreciate profoundly this message.able to appreciate profoundly this message.



“Indeed, one godly person versed in jurisprudence is more

powerful against Satan than a thousand [ordinary]

worshippers.”• REFLECTION:REFLECTION: Only by knowing the boundaries between obedience and Only by knowing the boundaries between obedience and

disobedience, instilled withdisobedience, instilled with Taqwa Taqwa (fear of transgression) (fear of transgression) that can effectively equip a Muslim against being tempted or that can effectively equip a Muslim against being tempted or deceived by Satan. Thus, the emphasis upon this knowledge.deceived by Satan. Thus, the emphasis upon this knowledge.


““The knowledge is what benefits, The knowledge is what benefits,

not what is memorized”not what is memorized”

((Imam Muhammad Idris ash-Shafi’e rhm. aImam Muhammad Idris ash-Shafi’e rhm. a.).)


"Indeed the "Indeed the scholars scholars are the inheritors of the Prophets, but if they fall are the inheritors of the Prophets, but if they fall

into covetousness and greed, who shall be taken as leaders? The into covetousness and greed, who shall be taken as leaders? The

merchants and businessmen merchants and businessmen are the trustees of Allah, so if they are are the trustees of Allah, so if they are

treacherous, who can be trusted? The treacherous, who can be trusted? The warriorswarriors are the guests of Allah are the guests of Allah

so if they become extreme (or take spoils without right), with whom so if they become extreme (or take spoils without right), with whom

can we defeat the enemies? The righteous and can we defeat the enemies? The righteous and ascetic ones ascetic ones are the are the

kings of the earth but if they become insincere (i.e. have kings of the earth but if they become insincere (i.e. have riya’riya’), who ), who

shall be followed? The shall be followed? The governors/rulersgovernors/rulers are the shepherds are the shepherds

(protectors) of the people, but if the shepherd becomes a wolf, who (protectors) of the people, but if the shepherd becomes a wolf, who

shall protect the flock?" shall protect the flock?"

- Imam 'Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak- Imam 'Abdullah ibn al-MubarakAll Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2012))

WARNINGWARNING

““Whoever seeks knowledge (intending) to argue with Whoever seeks knowledge (intending) to argue with

the learned (scholars), or to brag with the foolish; the learned (scholars), or to brag with the foolish;

or with it to attract peoples’ attention to himself; or with it to attract peoples’ attention to himself;

Allah will make him to enter the Hell-fire.”Allah will make him to enter the Hell-fire.”

((Hadith also reported by Tirmidzi and Ibn MajahHadith also reported by Tirmidzi and Ibn Majah))All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2012))

““We are (much) in need of a little We are (much) in need of a little AdabAdab, from (that of) , from (that of)

going out (seeking) after much of going out (seeking) after much of ‘ilm ‘ilm (knowledge)” – (knowledge)” –

(Imam ‘Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak)(Imam ‘Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak)


“ “((‘ilm‘ilm) Knowledge without ) Knowledge without AdabAdab, ,

is like (having) fire (but) without wood (fuel); is like (having) fire (but) without wood (fuel);

and and AdabAdab without knowledge ( without knowledge (‘ilm‘ilm) ,) ,

is like (having) the Soul (but) without body.”is like (having) the Soul (but) without body.”


Purify his soul (Purify his soul (nafsnafs) from impure ) from impure

traits and blameworthy traits and blameworthy

characteristics.characteristics.

Such as:-Such as:-

‘‘ujub ujub (self-conceit)(self-conceit)JuJuhhudud (ungrateful, obstinacy) (ungrateful, obstinacy)KibrKibr (arrogance) (arrogance)HasdHasd (jealousy) (jealousy)Riya’Riya’ (ostentatious)(ostentatious)Hub al-jah Hub al-jah (love for status)(love for status)Hub ad-dunya Hub ad-dunya (love of the world)(love of the world)Etc.Etc. .. amongst others .... .. amongst others ....

He is indeed successful who purify He is indeed successful who purify and causes it to grow, and causes it to grow, ((Qur’an: Shams: 91: 10Qur’an: Shams: 91: 10))


Remove impediments (affairs of the world) Remove impediments (affairs of the world)

to devote with undivided attention to the to devote with undivided attention to the

study.study.

““Allah has not made for any man two hearts in his (one) body “Allah has not made for any man two hearts in his (one) body “((Qur’an: Ahzab: 33: 4Qur’an: Ahzab: 33: 4))


Never scorn knowledge nor exalt Never scorn knowledge nor exalt

himself/herself over the teacher.himself/herself over the teacher.

““Whosever has humility (tawwadhu’), Whosever has humility (tawwadhu’), Allah will raise his rank (and status); Allah will raise his rank (and status);

and whosoever is arrogant (proud - takabbur) and whosoever is arrogant (proud - takabbur) Allah will humiliate him.”Allah will humiliate him.”

((Hadith of our Prophet Muhammad s.a.w.Hadith of our Prophet Muhammad s.a.w.))

Prophet Muhammad s.a.a.w. said:


Observe priority in learning and submit Observe priority in learning and submit

to the advise of the teacher in the to the advise of the teacher in the

matters of his learning. matters of his learning.

““... and be satisfied with your ignorance ... and be satisfied with your ignorance if you have wronged a teacher.”if you have wronged a teacher.”

A POEM FROM KITAB “TA’LIM MUTA’LLIM”A POEM FROM KITAB “TA’LIM MUTA’LLIM”


Must be patient and not be hasty in Must be patient and not be hasty in

learning as one may need to master learning as one may need to master

praiseworthy knowledge. praiseworthy knowledge. Prophet Muhammad s.a.a.w. said:

““Calmness is from Allah, and (whereas) Calmness is from Allah, and (whereas) hastiness is from satan.”hastiness is from satan.”

((Hadith reported by Baihaqy from Anas r.aHadith reported by Baihaqy from Anas r.a.).)


Do not attempt to address every branch of Do not attempt to address every branch of

knowledge but must observe order and begin with knowledge but must observe order and begin with

the most important.the most important.

O ye who believe! put not yourselves forward before O ye who believe! put not yourselves forward before Allah and His Messenger: but fear Allah: Allah and His Messenger: but fear Allah:

for Allah is He who hears and knows all things.for Allah is He who hears and knows all things.((Qur’an: Hujurat: 49: 1Qur’an: Hujurat: 49: 1))


Learn to ascertain the noble nature of Learn to ascertain the noble nature of

this or other science.this or other science. Such as to know value & priority:-Such as to know value & priority:-

Fardh ‘Ain Fardh ‘Ain (personal obligation)(personal obligation)Fardh Kifaya Fardh Kifaya (community obligation)(community obligation)MuqaddimatMuqaddimat (introductory) (introductory)MukhtasarMukhtasar (Summary) (Summary)MufasssalMufasssal (Detail)(Detail)MujmalMujmal (General)(General)KhususiyaKhususiya (Specialised) (Specialised)UsulUsul (Principles) (Principles)Furu’Furu’ (Branches or secondary)(Branches or secondary)Manfa’atManfa’at (beneficial)(beneficial)Ghoyr Manfa’at Ghoyr Manfa’at (not beneficial)(not beneficial)Etc.Etc. .. amongst others .... .. amongst others ....


Purpose of learning is for the adornment of inner Purpose of learning is for the adornment of inner

self with virtues – seeking nearness to Allah self with virtues – seeking nearness to Allah

(“(“Taqarrub-il-lAllaahTaqarrub-il-lAllaah”) and attainment of piety ”) and attainment of piety

(“(“TaqwaTaqwa”).”).

Verily the most honoured of you in the sight Verily the most honoured of you in the sight of Allah is (he who is) the most righteous of you.of Allah is (he who is) the most righteous of you.

((Qur’an: Hujurat: 49: 13Qur’an: Hujurat: 49: 13))


Avoid polemics.Avoid polemics.

(Difference between (Difference between Maslahat al-mursalaMaslahat al-mursala and and Bid’ahBid’ah))

1.1. NiyyatNiyyat : Essentials (: Essentials (rukn rukn ’’) in every worship (servitude).) in every worship (servitude).

2.2. Intention is formulated in the heart and mind.Intention is formulated in the heart and mind.

3.3. In language that one understands.In language that one understands.

4.4. Conscious awareness accompanying the act.Conscious awareness accompanying the act.

5.5. Clarity of action and purpose.Clarity of action and purpose.

6.6. To eradicate ambiguity.To eradicate ambiguity.

7.7. Sincerity towards Allah s.w.t.Sincerity towards Allah s.w.t.


As an example of the intention (and Du’a): as formulated by As an example of the intention (and Du’a): as formulated by Imam Qutb al-Irshad al-Habib ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Alawi al-Haddad Imam Qutb al-Irshad al-Habib ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Alawi al-Haddad ((rahimahullahrahimahullah) – may we benefit from his Wisdom and secrets.) – may we benefit from his Wisdom and secrets.


“ “I intend to learn and teach (knowledge), to gain and to share I intend to learn and teach (knowledge), to gain and to share

benefits, to receive and to give reminders, to seek (Allah’s) benefits, to receive and to give reminders, to seek (Allah’s)

bestowals and to bestow (upon others), to holdfast to the bestowals and to bestow (upon others), to holdfast to the

teachings of the Book of Allah (Qur’an) and As-Sunnah of His teachings of the Book of Allah (Qur’an) and As-Sunnah of His

Messenger s.a.a.w. , to invite towards the right guidance, to Messenger s.a.a.w. , to invite towards the right guidance, to

show to the path of goodness, beseeching and seeking to please show to the path of goodness, beseeching and seeking to please

Allah s.w.t., so as to gain nearness to Him and hoping for (His Allah s.w.t., so as to gain nearness to Him and hoping for (His

acceptance and) His reward. Amin”acceptance and) His reward. Amin”

As an example of the intention (and Du’a): as formulated by As an example of the intention (and Du’a): as formulated by Imam Qutb al-Irshad al-Habib ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Alawi al-Haddad Imam Qutb al-Irshad al-Habib ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Alawi al-Haddad ((rahimahullahrahimahullah) – may we benefit from his Wisdom and secrets.) – may we benefit from his Wisdom and secrets.


Refer also to the traditional text : Refer also to the traditional text :

“Ta’lim Muta’allim Tariqit Ta’allum”

““INSTRUCTION OF THE STUDENT : THE METHOD OF INSTRUCTION OF THE STUDENT : THE METHOD OF LEARNING”LEARNING”

by Sheikh Imam Tajuddin Nu’man al-Zarnuji.by Sheikh Imam Tajuddin Nu’man al-Zarnuji.


“ “O ye who believe! Take not into your intimacy (O ye who believe! Take not into your intimacy (bitaanahbitaanah**) )

those outside your ranks; they will not fail to corrupt you. those outside your ranks; they will not fail to corrupt you.

They only desire your ruin: rank hatred has already appeared They only desire your ruin: rank hatred has already appeared

from their mouths; what their hearts conceal is far worse. We from their mouths; what their hearts conceal is far worse. We

have made plain to you the Signs, if ye have wisdom. have made plain to you the Signs, if ye have wisdom.

((Qur’an : Aali’Imran: 3:118Qur’an : Aali’Imran: 3:118))

*bitaanah : advisors, consultants, protectors, intimate friends, helpers ...


““O ye who believe! (Be conscious of Allah and) Fear Allah O ye who believe! (Be conscious of Allah and) Fear Allah

((TAQWATAQWA) and be with those who are true (in word and ) and be with those who are true (in word and

deed).” deed).”

((Qur’an: Taubah:9: 119Qur’an: Taubah:9: 119))


““He is not from my Ummah (community),He is not from my Ummah (community),

One who do not respect our elders, orOne who do not respect our elders, or

One who is not merciful (kind) to our young, and One who is not merciful (kind) to our young, and

one who do not know (and respect the rights of) one who do not know (and respect the rights of)

our our ‘Ulama’ ‘Ulama’ (Islamic scholars).”(Islamic scholars).”

((Hadith of our Prophet s.a.w. Reported by TabranyHadith of our Prophet s.a.w. Reported by Tabrany))All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2012))

“A person is upon the religion (way of life)

of the ones (friends) he is close to,

therefore look to whom you (love to befriend or) close to.”

(Hadith reported by Tirmidzi)


Imam Muhammad ibnu Sirrin (rhm.a) advices and warns us Muslims:Imam Muhammad ibnu Sirrin (rhm.a) advices and warns us Muslims:

””Verily this is knowledge (contains the rules) of the Verily this is knowledge (contains the rules) of the DEENDEEN

(Religion), so look thoroughly into (Religion), so look thoroughly into

the person from whom you acquire the person from whom you acquire

(the knowledge of) your (the knowledge of) your DEENDEEN (Religion).” (Religion).”


“ “Whosoever has an increase in knowledge without any increase Whosoever has an increase in knowledge without any increase

in his detachment (in his detachment (ZUHDZUHD) for the world, would not have any ) for the world, would not have any

increase with Allah except in his distancing himself further”increase with Allah except in his distancing himself further”

((Hadith reported by Dailami from ‘Ali ibn Abi Tolib r.aHadith reported by Dailami from ‘Ali ibn Abi Tolib r.a.).)


““He is not an ascetic (He is not an ascetic (ZAHIDZAHID) he who is detached (denounce) the ) he who is detached (denounce) the

dirham and dinar (i.e. money), but verily a true ascetic (dirham and dinar (i.e. money), but verily a true ascetic (ZAHIDZAHID) )

is one who detaches himself from all other is one who detaches himself from all other

except the Irresistable (except the Irresistable (Allah jallaajalaa-luhAllah jallaajalaa-luh)”)”

((Explanation of Explanation of “ZUHD” “ZUHD” by Ibn ‘Arabiyby Ibn ‘Arabiy))


A SCHOLARS’ ADVICE FROM KITAB “TA’LIM MUTA’LLIM”A SCHOLARS’ ADVICE FROM KITAB “TA’LIM MUTA’LLIM”

“ “He who does not exert abstinence (He who does not exert abstinence (WARA’)WARA’) while learning, God (Allah) the while learning, God (Allah) the

Almighty chastise [him] in one of three ways: Almighty chastise [him] in one of three ways:

[1] either deprives him of life in his youth, or [1] either deprives him of life in his youth, or

[2] exiles him into [far-off] regions, or [2] exiles him into [far-off] regions, or

[3] punishes him [by forcing him to enter] the service of the Sultan.”[3] punishes him [by forcing him to enter] the service of the Sultan.”



TO BE CONTINUED TO BE CONTINUED … INSHA-ALLAAH!… INSHA-ALLAAH!

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[Slideshare] fiqh-course (sept-2012-batch) -introdn #1a -(8-sept-2012)

Spiritual

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