[Slideshare] fiqh-course (august 2014-batch) -introdn #1a -(13-august-2014)

““INTRODUCTION TO THE INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF STUDY OF FIQH FIQH ””

Intermediate Level Islamic course in English for AdultsIntermediate Level Islamic course in English for Adultsconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismailconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST MERCIFUL.MOST MERCIFUL.

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2014))

LESSON # 1a – LESSON # 1a –

INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF FIQHINTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF FIQHAnd say: O Lord! Increase for me my knowledge

Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims. Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.

““To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”

UPDATED – 13 AugustUPDATED – 13 August-2014 -2014

AUGUST 2014 - INTAKEAUGUST 2014 - INTAKE

2All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2014))

4

””Seest thou not how Allah sets forth a parable?― a goodly Word Seest thou not how Allah sets forth a parable?― a goodly Word

like a goodly tree, whose root is firmly fixed, and its branches like a goodly tree, whose root is firmly fixed, and its branches

(reach) to the heavens― It brings forth its fruit at all times, by the (reach) to the heavens― It brings forth its fruit at all times, by the

leave of its Lord. So Allah sets forth parables for men, in order leave of its Lord. So Allah sets forth parables for men, in order

that they may receive admonition; that they may receive admonition;

((Qur’an: Ibrahim: 14: 24-25Qur’an: Ibrahim: 14: 24-25))


““Allah” Allah” : : Arabic proper noun; name for God, it refers Arabic proper noun; name for God, it refers

to the One and Only, the Unique Creator, Lord to the One and Only, the Unique Creator, Lord

Sustainer of the Universe, Who Alone is God – there Sustainer of the Universe, Who Alone is God – there

is none besides Allah.is none besides Allah.

No equivalent translation in non-Semitic language.No equivalent translation in non-Semitic language.

FROM PREVIOUS LESSONSFROM PREVIOUS LESSONS


““Muhammad s.a.a.w.” Muhammad s.a.a.w.” : : Arabic name meaning “Arabic name meaning “the the

Praised OnePraised One”; he is the Chosen, Unlettered Prophet, ”; he is the Chosen, Unlettered Prophet,

the servant and Messenger of Allah, the Awaited the servant and Messenger of Allah, the Awaited

Seal of Prophethood after whom there will be no Seal of Prophethood after whom there will be no

more prophet sent.more prophet sent.

FROM PREVIOUS LESSONSFROM PREVIOUS LESSONS


““For We have never sent any Messenger except that he For We have never sent any Messenger except that he

should be heeded (obeyed) by Allah’s leave”.should be heeded (obeyed) by Allah’s leave”.

((Qur’an : An-Nisa : 4 : 64Qur’an : An-Nisa : 4 : 64) )



““O you who have believed, respond to Allah O you who have believed, respond to Allah

and to the Messenger when he calls you to and to the Messenger when he calls you to

that which gives you life. And know that that which gives you life. And know that

Allah intervenes between a man and his Allah intervenes between a man and his

heart and that to Him you will be gathered.”heart and that to Him you will be gathered.”

((Qur’an: Anfal: 8: 24Qur’an: Anfal: 8: 24))

IIMANIIMAN

BeliefBeliefFaithFaith

ConvictionConviction

IHSANIHSAN

Best or Best or Righteous Righteous ConductConduct

‘‘AMALAMAL [Islam][Islam]

SubmissionSubmissionObedienceObedience

PracticePracticeFaith without obedience is meaningless; and obedience without Faith is Faith without obedience is meaningless; and obedience without Faith is mere rituals and may even lead to hypocrisy. mere rituals and may even lead to hypocrisy.

Together, Faith and Obedience must lead to Righteousness with IHSAN Together, Faith and Obedience must lead to Righteousness with IHSAN which essentially focus in our intention to sincerely serve Allah s.w.t. which essentially focus in our intention to sincerely serve Allah s.w.t.

Thus, in these three aspects can one be said to be true in his submission Thus, in these three aspects can one be said to be true in his submission to the Will of Allah (as Muslim).to the Will of Allah (as Muslim).


TAUTAUHHEEDIC EEDIC paradigmparadigm

‘ILM TAUHEED - ‘AQIDAH(Creed or Theology)

‘ILM FIQH(Practical Laws for life;

Learning of the Shari’ah)

‘ILM AKHLAQ / TASAWWUF / IRFAN

(Science of human Disposition/ Sufism)



Every tree begun from a seed, and would Every tree begun from a seed, and would

grow in stages – from seedling into a plant grow in stages – from seedling into a plant

which from its onset develops several which from its onset develops several

important crucial components viz. Its roots, important crucial components viz. Its roots,

its stems which then grow into trunk and its stems which then grow into trunk and

branches, its barks and leaves etc.branches, its barks and leaves etc.

All of these has to be nurtured and let to All of these has to be nurtured and let to

grow in tandem – as and when conditions grow in tandem – as and when conditions

permits.permits.

If any of these is neglected, or process for If any of these is neglected, or process for

their growth stymied to only allow one their growth stymied to only allow one

component to be fully developed without component to be fully developed without

these others – then the tree may be harmed. these others – then the tree may be harmed.

““O YOU who have attained to faith! Ward off from O YOU who have attained to faith! Ward off from

yourselves (i.eyourselves (i.e. save yourself) and those who are close . save yourself) and those who are close

to you (AHLI-KUM) that fire [of the hereafter] to you (AHLI-KUM) that fire [of the hereafter] whose whose

fuel is human beings and stones: [lording] over it are fuel is human beings and stones: [lording] over it are

angelic powers awesome [and] severe, who do not angelic powers awesome [and] severe, who do not

disobey Allah in whatever He has commanded them, disobey Allah in whatever He has commanded them,

but [always] do what they are bidden to do.”but [always] do what they are bidden to do.”

((Qur’an: Tahrim: 66: 6Qur’an: Tahrim: 66: 6))


“ Educators are like gardeners, the best of them are the local

gardeners with the most experience, who have been living with

and nurturing the plants and being the caretaker of its

ornaments. Although they are often unassuming by avoiding the

gaze of people admiring the garden, yet ignoring them is indeed

ignorant heedlessness, compounded with ingratitude, while

preferring others less able over them is injustice ”

'If you are grateful, I will surely increase you [in favour];

but if you deny, indeed, My punishment is severe”(Qur’an: Surah Ibrahim: 14: 7)

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST MERCIFULMOST MERCIFUL

AN-NASEEHAHSincere Advice


"Turn ye to your Lord (in repentance) and "Turn ye to your Lord (in repentance) and

(ASLIMU-LAHU) bow to His (Will(ASLIMU-LAHU) bow to His (Will),” ),”

((Qur’an: Surah Az-Zumar: 39: 54Qur’an: Surah Az-Zumar: 39: 54))


IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST MERCIFULMOST MERCIFUL..

AN-NASEEHAHAN-NASEEHAH



““It is He (Allah) Who has sent amongst the Unlettered It is He (Allah) Who has sent amongst the Unlettered

a messenger (Muhammad) from among themselves, a messenger (Muhammad) from among themselves,

((YATLUYATLU –’ALAYHIM –’ALAYHIM AA-YAA-TIHIAA-YAA-TIHI) to rehearse to them ) to rehearse to them

His Signs, (His Signs, (YUZAK-KEEYUZAK-KEE-HIM) to sanctify (purify and -HIM) to sanctify (purify and

grow) them, and (grow) them, and (YU-’ALEEMUHUMYU-’ALEEMUHUM) to instruct them ) to instruct them

in (AL-in (AL-KITABKITAB) Scripture and (AL-) Scripture and (AL-HIKMAHHIKMAH) Wisdom― ) Wisdom―

although they had been, before, in manifest error― .“although they had been, before, in manifest error― .“

((Qur’an: Jumu’ah: 62: 2Qur’an: Jumu’ah: 62: 2))


““As well as (to confer all these benefits upon) othersAs well as (to confer all these benefits upon) others of them, who of them, who

have not already joined them: and He is Exalted in Might, Wise.”have not already joined them: and He is Exalted in Might, Wise.”

((Qur’an: Jumu’ah: 62: 3Qur’an: Jumu’ah: 62: 3))



“Such is the Bounty of Allah, which He bestows on whom He will:

and Allah is the Lord of the highest bounty.”

(Qur’an: Jumu’ah: 62: 4)


““Who is better in speech than one who calls (men) to Allah Who is better in speech than one who calls (men) to Allah

((DA-’AA ILALLAAHDA-’AA ILALLAAH), works righteousness, and says "I am of ), works righteousness, and says "I am of

those who bow in Islam (those who bow in Islam (MINAL-MUSLI-MEENMINAL-MUSLI-MEEN)")"

((Qur’an: Fussilat: 41: 33Qur’an: Fussilat: 41: 33))



““Nor should the Believers all go forth together: if a Nor should the Believers all go forth together: if a

contingent from every expedition remained behind, they contingent from every expedition remained behind, they

could devote themselves to studies in religion (could devote themselves to studies in religion (LIYA-LIYA-

TAFAQQAHU -FID-DEENTAFAQQAHU -FID-DEEN) and () and (LIYUN-DZIRUULIYUN-DZIRUU) admonish the ) admonish the

people when they return to them― that thus they (may people when they return to them― that thus they (may

learn) to guard themselves (against evil).” learn) to guard themselves (against evil).”

((Qur’an: Taubah: 9:122Qur’an: Taubah: 9:122))


Say: "Are those equal, those who know and those who Say: "Are those equal, those who know and those who

do not know? It is those who are endued with do not know? It is those who are endued with

understanding that receive admonition.“understanding that receive admonition.“

((Qur’an: Zumar: 39: 9Qur’an: Zumar: 39: 9))


““So ask the people of the ‘Remembrance’ (i.e. those So ask the people of the ‘Remembrance’ (i.e. those

who know) in matters which you do not know.“who know) in matters which you do not know.“

((Qur’an: Anbiya’: 21: 7Qur’an: Anbiya’: 21: 7))


““Verily those who truly fear Allah from among His Verily those who truly fear Allah from among His

Servants, those who have knowledge (Servants, those who have knowledge (AL-’ULAMAAL-’ULAMA): for ): for

Allah is Exalted in Might, Oft-Forgiving.“Allah is Exalted in Might, Oft-Forgiving.“

((Qur’an: Fatir: 35: 28Qur’an: Fatir: 35: 28))


“ “ Allah will raise up, to (suitable) ranks (and degrees), Allah will raise up, to (suitable) ranks (and degrees),

those of you who believe and who have been granted those of you who believe and who have been granted

Knowledge (Knowledge (UU-TUL-’ILMAUU-TUL-’ILMA): and Allah is well-): and Allah is well-

acquainted with all ye do.”acquainted with all ye do.”

((Qur’an: Mujadilah: 58: 11Qur’an: Mujadilah: 58: 11))


He (Allah) grants (He (Allah) grants (AL-HIKMAHAL-HIKMAH) wisdom to whom He pleases; ) wisdom to whom He pleases;

and he to whom (and he to whom (AL-HIKMAHAL-HIKMAH) wisdom is granted receives ) wisdom is granted receives

indeed a benefit overflowing; but none will grasp the message indeed a benefit overflowing; but none will grasp the message

but men of understanding (but men of understanding (ULUL-AL-BAABULUL-AL-BAAB).“).“

((Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 269Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 269))


“Whomsoever that Allah wishes for him goodness,

He will make him a FAQIH (learned) in matters of the

religion(Deen); and for everything there is a pillar,

and the pillar of this religion is AL-FIQH – (the

profound understanding of the Deen); a learned

scholar (of the Deen) is more difficult upon satan

than a thousand worshippers.”

((Reported by Bukhary and MuslimReported by Bukhary and Muslim))


““Whosoever sets out upon the path in which to Whosoever sets out upon the path in which to

seek knowledge (seek knowledge (‘ILMA‘ILMA), Allah will make easy ), Allah will make easy

for him the path to Paradise.” for him the path to Paradise.”

((Reported by Abu Daud & TirmidziReported by Abu Daud & Tirmidzi))


““The best ones amongst you is the person who makes your The best ones amongst you is the person who makes your

remember Allah when you look upon him; and whenever he speaks remember Allah when you look upon him; and whenever he speaks

it increases you your knowledge (of the Deen), and with his deeds it increases you your knowledge (of the Deen), and with his deeds

it inspires (motivates) you to strive for your Hereafter.”it inspires (motivates) you to strive for your Hereafter.”

((Hadith reported by Hakim from Ibnu ‘Umar r.aHadith reported by Hakim from Ibnu ‘Umar r.a.).)

“People are like minerals, the best of them in Jahiliyah will still be the best amongst them in Islam,

so long as they have proper (profound) understanding.”

(Hadith reported by Bukhary, Muslim, Darimi and Ahmad)

ISLAMIC EDUCATION IS ABOUTSELF-ACTUALIZING

POTENTIALS OF EVERY MUSLIM


* The famous companion (SAHABI) of the Prophet s.a.a.w.The famous companion (SAHABI) of the Prophet s.a.a.w.


““Knowledge is not from the listening of much narrations Knowledge is not from the listening of much narrations

(or merely reading books), verily knowledge is light (or merely reading books), verily knowledge is light

(which Allah s.w.t.) into the heart.”(which Allah s.w.t.) into the heart.”

((Saying of Saying of ** Ibnu Mas’ud r.a Ibnu Mas’ud r.a.).)

* Muhammad ibn al-Hassan Abu ’Abdallah al-Shaibany r.h.m. said:

•The famous student of Imam Abu Hanifah r.h.mThe famous student of Imam Abu Hanifah r.h.m. amongst the teachers of Imam Ash-Shafi’ie r.h.m


““The most meritorious of knowledge is knowledge of The most meritorious of knowledge is knowledge of

the ‘the ‘HaalHaal’ (spiritual state); and the most meritorious of ’ (spiritual state); and the most meritorious of

actions (deeds) is to maintain one’s standing (goodly actions (deeds) is to maintain one’s standing (goodly

spiritual state attained).”spiritual state attained).”


• REFLECTION:REFLECTION:

Our concern should be towards drawing close to Allah Our concern should be towards drawing close to Allah

spiritually described as states (spiritually described as states (HaalHaal). In the incremental ). In the incremental

states which we gained, we must strive to maintain with states which we gained, we must strive to maintain with

‘amal ‘amal (practice) as we can regress. When ‘(practice) as we can regress. When ‘istiqomahistiqomah’ in ’ in

one’s Haal is achieved, it is called ‘one’s Haal is achieved, it is called ‘MaqomMaqom’’




““Learn (seek knowledge)! For the learning is an Learn (seek knowledge)! For the learning is an

adornment for the one who (strive and) possesses it; a adornment for the one who (strive and) possesses it; a

virtue and a prelude to every praiseworthy action.”virtue and a prelude to every praiseworthy action.”



• REFLECTION:REFLECTION:

Certainly, this is from the Islamic perspective of Certainly, this is from the Islamic perspective of

knowledge linked to knowledge linked to ‘ibaadah ‘ibaadah – not the secularist-– not the secularist-

culture of learning which is attached to value-culture of learning which is attached to value-

system quite opposed to Islamic ideals.system quite opposed to Islamic ideals.


• REFLECTION:REFLECTION: “ “FiqhFiqh” – literally means “profound understanding (of the ” – literally means “profound understanding (of the

Deen)” – ref: al-Qur’an Surah Taubah : 9: 122, which later Deen)” – ref: al-Qur’an Surah Taubah : 9: 122, which later was used to refer to the studies of Islamic jurisprudence.was used to refer to the studies of Islamic jurisprudence.


““Give yourself up to the study of jurisprudence (FIQH), for the knowledge of jurisprudence is the best guide to piety and the fear of God and it is the straightest path to the ultimate goal.”.”


• REFLECTION:REFLECTION: Again, one has to understand Islam’s value system which Again, one has to understand Islam’s value system which

do not separate the eternal goodness and hardship in do not separate the eternal goodness and hardship in Hereafter with present life which is temporary and Hereafter with present life which is temporary and fleeting. Thus, those with secular worldview, may not be fleeting. Thus, those with secular worldview, may not be able to appreciate profoundly this message.able to appreciate profoundly this message.


• “It is the milestone leading to the ways of proper guidance; it is

the fortress that saves [one] from all hardships. “


“Indeed, one godly person versed in jurisprudence is more

powerful against Satan than a thousand [ordinary]

worshippers.”• REFLECTION:REFLECTION: Only by knowing the boundaries between obedience and Only by knowing the boundaries between obedience and

disobedience, instilled withdisobedience, instilled with Taqwa Taqwa (fear of transgression) (fear of transgression) that can effectively equip a Muslim against being tempted or that can effectively equip a Muslim against being tempted or deceived by Satan. Thus, the emphasis upon this knowledge.deceived by Satan. Thus, the emphasis upon this knowledge.


““The knowledge is what benefits, The knowledge is what benefits,

not what is memorized”not what is memorized”

((Imam Muhammad Idris ash-Shafi’e rhm. aImam Muhammad Idris ash-Shafi’e rhm. a.).)


WARNINGWARNING


““Whoever seeks knowledge (intending) to argue with Whoever seeks knowledge (intending) to argue with

the learned (scholars), or to brag with the foolish; the learned (scholars), or to brag with the foolish;

or with it to attract peoples’ attention to himself; or with it to attract peoples’ attention to himself;

Allah will make him to enter the Hell-fire.”Allah will make him to enter the Hell-fire.”

((Hadith also reported by Tirmidzi and Ibn MajahHadith also reported by Tirmidzi and Ibn Majah))


““We are (much) in need of a little We are (much) in need of a little AdabAdab, from (that of) , from (that of)

going out (seeking) after much of going out (seeking) after much of ‘ilm ‘ilm (knowledge)” – (knowledge)” –

(Imam ‘Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak)(Imam ‘Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak)


"Indeed the "Indeed the scholars scholars are the inheritors of the Prophets, but if they are the inheritors of the Prophets, but if they

fall into covetousness and greed, who shall be taken as leaders? fall into covetousness and greed, who shall be taken as leaders?

The The merchants and businessmen merchants and businessmen are the trustees of Allah, so if they are the trustees of Allah, so if they

are treacherous, who can be trusted? The are treacherous, who can be trusted? The warriorswarriors are the guests of are the guests of

Allah so if they become extreme (or take spoils without right), with Allah so if they become extreme (or take spoils without right), with

whom can we defeat the enemies? The righteous and whom can we defeat the enemies? The righteous and ascetic ones ascetic ones

are the kings of the earth but if they become insincere (i.e. have are the kings of the earth but if they become insincere (i.e. have

riya’riya’), who shall be followed? The ), who shall be followed? The governors/rulersgovernors/rulers are the are the

shepherds (protectors) of the people, but if the shepherd becomes a shepherds (protectors) of the people, but if the shepherd becomes a

wolf, who shall protect the flock?" wolf, who shall protect the flock?"

- Imam 'Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak- Imam 'Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak


“ “((‘ilm‘ilm) Knowledge without ) Knowledge without AdabAdab, ,

is like (having) fire (but) without wood (fuel); is like (having) fire (but) without wood (fuel);

and and AdabAdab without knowledge ( without knowledge (‘ilm‘ilm) ,) ,

is like (having) the Soul (but) without body.”is like (having) the Soul (but) without body.”

BY READING ?

AS LISTENERS ?

BEING IN PRESENCE ?

BY BEING TRUE SEEKERS ?

ACCEPTED AS SEEKERS ?

UNDERGOING MENTORSHIP ?

LEARNING THROUGH KHIDMAH ?


Or, could it be that we are still affected by “PAPERCHASE SYNDROME” ?

TASAWWUR ISLAM

Purify his soul (Purify his soul (nafsnafs) from impure ) from impure

traits and blameworthy traits and blameworthy

characteristics.characteristics.

Such as:-Such as:-

‘‘ujub ujub (self-conceit)(self-conceit)JuJuhhudud (ungrateful, obstinacy) (ungrateful, obstinacy)KibrKibr (arrogance) (arrogance)HasdHasd (jealousy) (jealousy)Riya’Riya’ (ostentatious)(ostentatious)Hub al-jah Hub al-jah (love for status)(love for status)Hub ad-dunya Hub ad-dunya (love of the world)(love of the world)Etc.Etc. .. amongst others .... .. amongst others ....

He is indeed successful who purify He is indeed successful who purify and causes it to grow, and causes it to grow, ((Qur’an: Shams: 91: 10Qur’an: Shams: 91: 10))


Remove impediments (affairs of the world) Remove impediments (affairs of the world)

to devote with undivided attention to the to devote with undivided attention to the

study.study.

““Allah has not made for any man two hearts in his (one) body “Allah has not made for any man two hearts in his (one) body “((Qur’an: Ahzab: 33: 4Qur’an: Ahzab: 33: 4))


Never scorn knowledge nor exalt Never scorn knowledge nor exalt

himself/herself over the teacher.himself/herself over the teacher.

““Whosever has humility (tawwadhu’), Whosever has humility (tawwadhu’), Allah will raise his rank (and status); Allah will raise his rank (and status);

and whosoever is arrogant (proud - takabbur) and whosoever is arrogant (proud - takabbur) Allah will humiliate him.”Allah will humiliate him.”

((Hadith of our Prophet Muhammad s.a.w.Hadith of our Prophet Muhammad s.a.w.))

Prophet Muhammad s.a.a.w. said:


Observe priority in learning and submit Observe priority in learning and submit

to the advise of the teacher in the to the advise of the teacher in the

matters of his learning. matters of his learning.

““... and be satisfied with your ignorance ... and be satisfied with your ignorance if you have wronged a teacher.”if you have wronged a teacher.”

A POEM FROM KITAB “TA’LIM MUTA’LLIM”A POEM FROM KITAB “TA’LIM MUTA’LLIM”


Must be patient and not be hasty in Must be patient and not be hasty in

learning as one may need to master learning as one may need to master

praiseworthy knowledge. praiseworthy knowledge. Prophet Muhammad s.a.a.w. said:

““Calmness is from Allah, and (whereas) Calmness is from Allah, and (whereas) hastiness is from satan.”hastiness is from satan.”

((Hadith reported by Baihaqy from Anas r.aHadith reported by Baihaqy from Anas r.a.).)


Do not attempt to address every branch of Do not attempt to address every branch of

knowledge but must observe order and begin with knowledge but must observe order and begin with

the most important.the most important.

O ye who believe! put not yourselves forward before O ye who believe! put not yourselves forward before Allah and His Messenger: but fear Allah: Allah and His Messenger: but fear Allah:

for Allah is He who hears and knows all things.for Allah is He who hears and knows all things.((Qur’an: Hujurat: 49: 1Qur’an: Hujurat: 49: 1))


Learn to ascertain the noble nature of Learn to ascertain the noble nature of

this or other science.this or other science. Such as to know value & priority:-Such as to know value & priority:-

Fardh ‘Ain Fardh ‘Ain (personal obligation)(personal obligation)Fardh Kifaya Fardh Kifaya (community obligation)(community obligation)MuqaddimatMuqaddimat (introductory) (introductory)MukhtasarMukhtasar (Summary) (Summary)MufasssalMufasssal (Detail)(Detail)MujmalMujmal (General)(General)KhususiyaKhususiya (Specialised) (Specialised)UsulUsul (Principles) (Principles)Furu’Furu’ (Branches or secondary)(Branches or secondary)Manfa’atManfa’at (beneficial)(beneficial)Ghoyr Manfa’at Ghoyr Manfa’at (not beneficial)(not beneficial)Etc.Etc. .. amongst others .. amongst others ........


Purpose of learning is for the adornment of inner Purpose of learning is for the adornment of inner

self with virtues – seeking nearness to Allah self with virtues – seeking nearness to Allah

(“(“Taqarrub-il-lAllaahTaqarrub-il-lAllaah”) and attainment of piety ”) and attainment of piety

(“(“TaqwaTaqwa”).”).

Verily the most honoured of you in the sight Verily the most honoured of you in the sight of Allah is (he who is) the most righteous of you.of Allah is (he who is) the most righteous of you.

((Qur’an: Hujurat: 49: 13Qur’an: Hujurat: 49: 13))


WARNINGWARNING


““Whoever seeks knowledge (intending) to argue with Whoever seeks knowledge (intending) to argue with

the learned (scholars), or to brag with the foolish; the learned (scholars), or to brag with the foolish;

or with it to attract peoples’ attention to himself; or with it to attract peoples’ attention to himself;

Allah will make him to enter the Hell-fire.”Allah will make him to enter the Hell-fire.”

((Hadith also reported by Tirmidzi and Ibn MajahHadith also reported by Tirmidzi and Ibn Majah))

Avoid polemics.Avoid polemics.

(Difference between (Difference between Maslahat al-mursalaMaslahat al-mursala and and Bid’ahBid’ah))

1.1. NiyyatNiyyat : Essentials (: Essentials (rukn rukn ’’) in every worship (servitude).) in every worship (servitude).

2.2. Intention is formulated in the heart and mind.Intention is formulated in the heart and mind.

3.3. In language that one understands.In language that one understands.

4.4. Conscious awareness accompanying the act.Conscious awareness accompanying the act.

5.5. Clarity of action and purpose.Clarity of action and purpose.

6.6. To eradicate ambiguity.To eradicate ambiguity.

7.7. Sincerity towards Allah s.w.t.Sincerity towards Allah s.w.t.


As an example of the intention (and Du’a): as formulated by As an example of the intention (and Du’a): as formulated by Imam Qutb al-Irshad al-Habib ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Alawi al-Haddad Imam Qutb al-Irshad al-Habib ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Alawi al-Haddad ((rahimahullahrahimahullah) – may we benefit from his Wisdom and secrets.) – may we benefit from his Wisdom and secrets.


“ “I intend to learn and teach (knowledge), to gain and to share I intend to learn and teach (knowledge), to gain and to share

benefits, to receive and to give reminders, to seek (Allah’s) benefits, to receive and to give reminders, to seek (Allah’s)

bestowals and to bestow (upon others), to holdfast to the bestowals and to bestow (upon others), to holdfast to the

teachings of the Book of Allah (Qur’an) and As-Sunnah of His teachings of the Book of Allah (Qur’an) and As-Sunnah of His

Messenger s.a.a.w. , to invite towards the right guidance, to Messenger s.a.a.w. , to invite towards the right guidance, to

show to the path of goodness, beseeching and seeking to please show to the path of goodness, beseeching and seeking to please

Allah s.w.t., so as to gain nearness to Him and hoping for (His Allah s.w.t., so as to gain nearness to Him and hoping for (His

acceptance and) His reward. Amin”acceptance and) His reward. Amin”

As an example of the intention (and Du’a): as formulated by As an example of the intention (and Du’a): as formulated by Imam Qutb al-Irshad al-Habib ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Alawi al-Haddad Imam Qutb al-Irshad al-Habib ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Alawi al-Haddad ((rahimahullahrahimahullah) – may we benefit from his Wisdom and secrets.) – may we benefit from his Wisdom and secrets.


Refer also to the traditional text : Refer also to the traditional text :

“Ta’lim Muta’allim Tariqit Ta’allum”

““INSTRUCTION OF THE STUDENT : THE METHOD OF INSTRUCTION OF THE STUDENT : THE METHOD OF LEARNING”LEARNING”

by Sheikh Imam Tajuddin Nu’man al-Zarnuji.by Sheikh Imam Tajuddin Nu’man al-Zarnuji.


“ “O ye who believe! Take not into your intimacy (O ye who believe! Take not into your intimacy (bitaanahbitaanah**) )

those outside your ranks; they will not fail to corrupt you. those outside your ranks; they will not fail to corrupt you.

They only desire your ruin: rank hatred has already appeared They only desire your ruin: rank hatred has already appeared

from their mouths; what their hearts conceal is far worse. We from their mouths; what their hearts conceal is far worse. We

have made plain to you the Signs, if ye have wisdom. have made plain to you the Signs, if ye have wisdom.

((Qur’an : Aali’Imran: 3:118Qur’an : Aali’Imran: 3:118))

*bitaanah : advisors, consultants, protectors, intimate friends, helpers ...


““O ye who believe! (Be conscious of Allah and) Fear Allah O ye who believe! (Be conscious of Allah and) Fear Allah

((TAQWATAQWA) and be with those who are true (in word and ) and be with those who are true (in word and

deed).” deed).”

((Qur’an: Taubah:9: 119Qur’an: Taubah:9: 119))


““He is not from my Ummah (community),He is not from my Ummah (community),

One who do not respect our elders, orOne who do not respect our elders, or

One who is not merciful (kind) to our young, and One who is not merciful (kind) to our young, and

one who do not know (and respect the rights of) one who do not know (and respect the rights of)

our our ‘Ulama’ ‘Ulama’ (Islamic scholars).”(Islamic scholars).”

((Hadith of our Prophet s.a.w. Reported by TabranyHadith of our Prophet s.a.w. Reported by Tabrany))All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2014))

“A person is upon the religion (way of life)

of the ones (friends) he is close to,

therefore look to whom you (love to befriend or) close to.”

(Hadith reported by Tirmidzi)


Imam Muhammad ibnu Sirrin (rhm.a) advices and warns us Muslims:Imam Muhammad ibnu Sirrin (rhm.a) advices and warns us Muslims:

””Verily this is knowledge (contains the rules) of the Verily this is knowledge (contains the rules) of the DEENDEEN

(Religion), so look thoroughly into (Religion), so look thoroughly into

the person from whom you acquire the person from whom you acquire

(the knowledge of) your (the knowledge of) your DEENDEEN (Religion).” (Religion).”


“ “Whosoever has an increase in knowledge without any increase Whosoever has an increase in knowledge without any increase

in his detachment (in his detachment (ZUHDZUHD) for the world, would not have any ) for the world, would not have any

increase with Allah except in his distancing himself further”increase with Allah except in his distancing himself further”

((Hadith reported by Dailami from ‘Ali ibn Abi Tolib r.aHadith reported by Dailami from ‘Ali ibn Abi Tolib r.a.).)


““He is not an ascetic (He is not an ascetic (ZAHIDZAHID) he who is detached (denounce) the ) he who is detached (denounce) the

dirham and dinar (i.e. money), but verily a true ascetic (dirham and dinar (i.e. money), but verily a true ascetic (ZAHIDZAHID) )

is one who detaches himself from all other is one who detaches himself from all other

except the Irresistable (except the Irresistable (Allah jallaajalaa-luhAllah jallaajalaa-luh)”)”

((Explanation of Explanation of “ZUHD” “ZUHD” by Ibn ‘Arabiyby Ibn ‘Arabiy))


A SCHOLARS’ ADVICE FROM KITAB “TA’LIM MUTA’LLIM”A SCHOLARS’ ADVICE FROM KITAB “TA’LIM MUTA’LLIM”

“ “He who does not exert abstinence (He who does not exert abstinence (WARA’)WARA’) while learning, God (Allah) the while learning, God (Allah) the

Almighty chastise [him] in one of three ways: Almighty chastise [him] in one of three ways:

[1] either deprives him of life in his youth, or [1] either deprives him of life in his youth, or

[2] exiles him into [far-off] regions, or [2] exiles him into [far-off] regions, or

[3] punishes him [by forcing him to enter] the service of the Sultan.”[3] punishes him [by forcing him to enter] the service of the Sultan.”


Amongst the definitions:Amongst the definitions:

““....... Knowledge is the arrival (....... Knowledge is the arrival (huhussulul- )- )** of the meaning of the meaning

((ma’nama’na- ) of a thing or object of knowledge in the soul of - ) of a thing or object of knowledge in the soul of

the subject; and simultaneously,..... Knowledge is the soul’s arrival the subject; and simultaneously,..... Knowledge is the soul’s arrival

((wuwussulul- ) at the meaning of that thing or the object of - ) at the meaning of that thing or the object of

knowledge.”knowledge.”

By “meaning” (By “meaning” (ma’nama’na- ) is: “- ) is: “the recognition of the proper the recognition of the proper

place of anything in a systemplace of anything in a system ...” ...”

** “ “attainment; acquirement” is a better translationattainment; acquirement” is a better translation ..

EPISTEMOLOGY

Prof. Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas


Thus, perspective of Education in Islam can be defined:

““... Recognition and acknowledgement, progressively instilled ... Recognition and acknowledgement, progressively instilled

into man, of the proper places of things in the order of into man, of the proper places of things in the order of

creation, such that it leads to the recognition and creation, such that it leads to the recognition and

acknowledgement of the proper place of God in the order of acknowledgement of the proper place of God in the order of

being and existence.”being and existence.”____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Quoted from: “The Educational Philosophy and Practice of Syed Quoted from: “The Educational Philosophy and Practice of Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas” by Wan Mohd Nor Wan Daud (ISTAC Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas” by Wan Mohd Nor Wan Daud (ISTAC

publication).publication).______________________________________________________________________________________________________

EPISTEMOLOGY

In other words, it is all about – “ADAB ”All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2014))

EPISTEMOLOGY


Whatever is outside of the Whatever is outside of the

person – to be regarded as person – to be regarded as

information (information ( ) – not ) – not

knowledge ( ).knowledge ( ).

Knowledge resides in the Knowledge resides in the

person – and is also an person – and is also an

attribute (attribute (sifatsifat- ) of - ) of

the person him/herself.the person him/herself.


Information may not Information may not

necessarily convey any necessarily convey any

meanings, but can be meanings, but can be

subjected to process or subjected to process or

interpretation – by a human interpretation – by a human

– striving to seek and – striving to seek and

arriving at understanding of arriving at understanding of

““meaningsmeanings” from it.” from it.

Knowledge has to do Knowledge has to do

with “with “meaningsmeanings” – ” –

which may include which may include

abstract concepts and abstract concepts and

construct beyond the construct beyond the

material forms.material forms.


Every one may have equal Every one may have equal

access to a given access to a given

information.information.

Yet, there can be Yet, there can be

difference in levels and difference in levels and

depths of knowledge to depths of knowledge to

a given information, a given information,

depending upon who depending upon who

contemplates upon it.contemplates upon it.


Just as raw data input are Just as raw data input are

meant to be processed by meant to be processed by

the computer , our readings, the computer , our readings,

observations, news, data observations, news, data

and information etc. are and information etc. are

objects to be understood objects to be understood

and possible meanings from and possible meanings from

it to be comprehended by us it to be comprehended by us

human.human.

It is when cognition of It is when cognition of

man are applied to man are applied to

process these process these

information, that he information, that he

may be said to arrive may be said to arrive

at knowledge (i.e. at knowledge (i.e.

when it becomes when it becomes

meaningful).meaningful).


THUS the Qur’an categorize THUS the Qur’an categorize

these (information) as: these (information) as:

““SignsSigns” – ” – aayataayat ( ( ))

Al-Qur’an – Al-Qur’an – aayat Qawliyyahaayat Qawliyyah

Universe – Universe – aayat Kauniyahaayat Kauniyah

THUS the Qur’anic THUS the Qur’anic

approach for man’s approach for man’s

education enjoins him education enjoins him

to “to “ReadRead” (” ( ) these ) these

signs to arrive at the signs to arrive at the

““meaningsmeanings” – ” –

regarding the regarding the REALITYREALITY..


NoteNote: :

Arabic word “Arabic word “universeuniverse” and “” and “a scholar; one who a scholar; one who

is knowledgeableis knowledgeable” is spelt: ” is spelt:

( )( )


A MODERN A MODERN PARABLEPARABLE

““THE JIG-SAW PUZZLE”THE JIG-SAW PUZZLE”By : Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail.By : Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail.


TO BE CONTINUED


““O Allah! Make us see the Truth to be O Allah! Make us see the Truth to be

true and grant us the ability to follow it.true and grant us the ability to follow it.

And make us see Falsehood to be false And make us see Falsehood to be false

and grant us the ability to reject it.”and grant us the ability to reject it.”


O Allah! Make us to be people who guide O Allah! Make us to be people who guide

(others) and who are (always) Guided (by (others) and who are (always) Guided (by

Your Guidance) .Your Guidance) .


Not of those who are astray and Not of those who are astray and

who lead people astray.who lead people astray.


O Allah! Guide us all O Allah! Guide us all

with Your Guidance.with Your Guidance.


And make us people who hasten towards And make us people who hasten towards

what pleases You.what pleases You.


And do not let us be protected (by And do not let us be protected (by

others) except only with Your Protection others) except only with Your Protection

(as our Guardian).(as our Guardian).


And do not make us to be of those who And do not make us to be of those who

differ from Your command and who are differ from Your command and who are

disobedient towards You.disobedient towards You.


And sufficient is Allah for us, And sufficient is Allah for us,

for He is the Best Protectorfor He is the Best Protector


And there is no power nor strength except And there is no power nor strength except

with Allah The Most High, the Most Esteem.with Allah The Most High, the Most Esteem.


And salutations of Allah and Peace be upon And salutations of Allah and Peace be upon

our our

Leader Muhammad, and upon His household Leader Muhammad, and upon His household

and Companions .and Companions .


And all the Praises belongs to Allah, And all the Praises belongs to Allah,

Lord Sustainer of all the worldLord Sustainer of all the world

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