[Slideshare] fiqh-course(batch-5-january 2016) -introdn #1b -(27-january-2016)

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST MERCIFUL.MOST MERCIFUL.

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))

LESSON # 1 b – LESSON # 1 b –

INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF FIQHINTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF FIQHAnd say: O Lord! Increase for me my knowledge

Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims. Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.

““To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”

UPDATED – 27 UPDATED – 27 January 2016 January 2016

BATCH # 5 INTAKE – [ January - May 2016 ] Intermediate Level course in English for AdultsIntermediate Level course in English for Adults

conducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismailconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail


“ “It is He (Allah) Who has sent amongst the Unlettered It is He (Allah) Who has sent amongst the Unlettered

a messenger (Muhammad) from among themselves, to a messenger (Muhammad) from among themselves, to

rehearse to them His Signs, to sanctify them, and to rehearse to them His Signs, to sanctify them, and to

instruct them in Scripture and Wisdom― although they instruct them in Scripture and Wisdom― although they

had been, before, in manifest error― .“had been, before, in manifest error― .“

((Qur’an: Jumu’ah: 62: 2Qur’an: Jumu’ah: 62: 2))

PREVIOUS LESSONPREVIOUS LESSON All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))


““As well as (to confer all these benefits upon) others of them, who As well as (to confer all these benefits upon) others of them, who

have not already joined them: and He is Exalted in Might, Wise.”have not already joined them: and He is Exalted in Might, Wise.”

((Qur’an: Jumu’ah: 62: 3Qur’an: Jumu’ah: 62: 3))



“Such is the Bounty of Allah, which He bestows on whom He will:

and Allah is the Lord of the highest bounty.”

(Qur’an: Jumu’ah: 62: 4)


““Nor should the Believers all go forth together: if a contingent from Nor should the Believers all go forth together: if a contingent from

every expedition remained behind, they could devote themselves to every expedition remained behind, they could devote themselves to

studies in religion (studies in religion (LIYA-TAFAQQAHU -FID-DEENLIYA-TAFAQQAHU -FID-DEEN) and admonish the ) and admonish the

people when they return to them― that thus they (may learn) to people when they return to them― that thus they (may learn) to

guard themselves (against evil).” guard themselves (against evil).”

((Qur’an: Taubah: 9:122Qur’an: Taubah: 9:122))


“Whomsoever that Allah wishes for him goodness, He will make

him a FAQIH (learned) in matters of the religion(Deen); and for

everything there is a pillar, and the pillar of this religion is AL-

FIQH – (the profound understanding of the Deen); a learned

scholar (of the Deen) is more difficult upon satan than a

thousand worshippers.”

((Reported by Bukhary and MuslimReported by Bukhary and Muslim))


““The best ones amongst you is the person who makes you The best ones amongst you is the person who makes you

remember Allah when you look upon him; and whenever he remember Allah when you look upon him; and whenever he

speaks it increases you your knowledge (of the Deen), and with speaks it increases you your knowledge (of the Deen), and with

his deeds it inspires (motivates) you to strive for your Hereafter.”his deeds it inspires (motivates) you to strive for your Hereafter.”

((Hadith reported by Hakim from Ibnu ‘Umar r.aHadith reported by Hakim from Ibnu ‘Umar r.a.).)


* Muhammad ibn al-Hassan Abu ’Abdallah al-Shaibany r.h.m. said:

““Give yourself up to the study of jurisprudence (FIQH), for the

knowledge of jurisprudence is the best guide to piety and the fear

of God and it is the straightest path to the ultimate goal.”.”

• REFLECTION:REFLECTION: “ “FiqhFiqh” – literally means “profound understanding (of the ” – literally means “profound understanding (of the

Deen)” – ref: al-Qur’an Surah Taubah : 9: 122, which later Deen)” – ref: al-Qur’an Surah Taubah : 9: 122, which later was used to refer to the studies of Islamic jurisprudence.was used to refer to the studies of Islamic jurisprudence.


WARNINGWARNING

““Whoever seeks knowledge (Whoever seeks knowledge (intendingintending) to argue with ) to argue with

the learned (scholars), or to brag with the foolish; the learned (scholars), or to brag with the foolish;

or with it to attract peoples’ attention to himself; or with it to attract peoples’ attention to himself;

Allah will make him to enter the Hell-fire.”Allah will make him to enter the Hell-fire.”

((Hadith also reported by Tirmidzi and Ibn MajahHadith also reported by Tirmidzi and Ibn Majah))


TO CONTINUE …TO CONTINUE …


Amongst the definitions:Amongst the definitions:

““....... Knowledge is the arrival (....... Knowledge is the arrival (huhussulul- )- )** of the meaning of the meaning

((ma’nama’na- ) of a thing or object of knowledge in the soul of - ) of a thing or object of knowledge in the soul of

the subject; and simultaneously,..... Knowledge is the soul’s the subject; and simultaneously,..... Knowledge is the soul’s

arrival (arrival (wuwussulul- ) at the meaning of that thing or the - ) at the meaning of that thing or the

object of knowledge.”object of knowledge.”

By “meaning” (By “meaning” (ma’nama’na- ) is: “- ) is: “the recognition of the proper the recognition of the proper

place of anything in a systemplace of anything in a system ...” ...”

** “ “attainment; acquirement” is a better translationattainment; acquirement” is a better translation ..

EPISTEMOLOGY

Prof. Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas


INPUT - PROCESSING - OUTPUTINPUT - PROCESSING - OUTPUT

EPISTEMOLOGY


• KEYBOARD

• MOUSE

• THUMB/DISK DRIVE

• SCANNER

• BLUE-TOOTH/

WIRELESS

THE FIVE SENSES:

SIGHT, SOUND, TOUCH, SMELL,

TASTE.

TRUE REPORT

EXTRA-SENSORY -INSPIRATION,

DREAM, INTUITION, BURST OF

BRILLIANCE

COMPUTERCOMPUTER HUMAN BEINGHUMAN BEING

EPISTEMOLOGY


MemoryMemory

Linguistic & literacyLinguistic & literacy

Logic & musicLogic & music

Deductive - inductiveDeductive - inductive

Speculative extrapolationSpeculative extrapolation

Emotive - empathyEmotive - empathy

Contemplative - intuitionContemplative - intuition

Extraneous linkageExtraneous linkage


EPISTEMOLOGY

• Control unit – storage, speed

• ROM – Read only memory

• RAM – Random access memory

• BIOS – Basic input-output

System

• DOS – Disk operating System;

Drivers etc.

• ALU – Arithmetic logic unit


SpeechSpeech

ActionsActions

CreativityCreativity

BehaviourBehaviour

Disposition (Disposition (akhlaqakhlaq))


EPISTEMOLOGY

• Monitor – screenMonitor – screen

• Printer – scannerPrinter – scanner

• Thumb-driveThumb-drive

• Disk-driveDisk-drive

• Sound-systemSound-system

• ProjectorProjector

• Other devicesOther devices


Whatever is outside of person – Whatever is outside of person – to be regarded as information to be regarded as information ( ) – and not knowledge ( ) – and not knowledge

( ( ).).

Information may not necessarily Information may not necessarily convey any meanings, but can be convey any meanings, but can be subjected to process or subjected to process or interpretation – by a human - to interpretation – by a human - to arriving at meaning.arriving at meaning.Every one may have equal access Every one may have equal access to a given information.to a given information.

Knowledge resides in the Knowledge resides in the person – and is also an person – and is also an attribute (attribute (sifatsifat) of himself.) of himself.

Knowledge has to do with Knowledge has to do with “meanings” – which may “meanings” – which may include abstract concepts and include abstract concepts and construct beyond the material construct beyond the material forms.forms.Yet, there can be difference in Yet, there can be difference in levels and depths of knowledge levels and depths of knowledge to a given information, to a given information, depending upon who depending upon who contemplates upon it.contemplates upon it.

INFORMATION KNOWLEDGEAll Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))

INFORMATION KNOWLEDGE

Just as raw data input are Just as raw data input are meant to be processed by the meant to be processed by the computer; observations, news, computer; observations, news, data and information etc. are data and information etc. are objects to be understood and objects to be understood and possible meanings from it to be possible meanings from it to be comprehended by man.comprehended by man.THUS the Qur’an categorize THUS the Qur’an categorize these (information) as: “Signs” these (information) as: “Signs” – – aayataayat ( ) ( )

Al-Qur’an – Al-Qur’an – aayat Qawliyyahaayat QawliyyahUniverse – Universe – aayat Kauniyahaayat Kauniyah

It is when cognition of man are It is when cognition of man are applied to process these applied to process these information, that he may be said information, that he may be said to arrive at knowledge (i.e. when to arrive at knowledge (i.e. when it becomes meaningful).it becomes meaningful).

THUS the Qur’anic approach for THUS the Qur’anic approach for man’s education enjoins him to man’s education enjoins him to

“Read” (“Read” ( ) these signs these signs to arrive at the “meanings” – the to arrive at the “meanings” – the REALITY.REALITY.

NoteNote: The Arabic word “universe” and : The Arabic word “universe” and “a scholar; one who knows or is “a scholar; one who knows or is knowledgeable” are both spelt knowledgeable” are both spelt as: as: ( )( )


"Verily Allah does not remove Verily Allah does not remove knowledge from the (hearts of the) peopleknowledge from the (hearts of the) people, ,

rather he takes away knowledge by taking away its people (the true rather he takes away knowledge by taking away its people (the true

scholars – scholars – ‘ULAMA‘ULAMA), until there are no more scholars, the people then ), until there are no more scholars, the people then

take leaders that are ignorant, and when they are asked, and give take leaders that are ignorant, and when they are asked, and give fatwas fatwas

– religious rulings, (they give) without knowledge, so they misguide and – religious rulings, (they give) without knowledge, so they misguide and

are misguided.“are misguided.“

((Hadith reported by Ashaab as-Sunnan from Ibnu ‘Umar r.aHadith reported by Ashaab as-Sunnan from Ibnu ‘Umar r.a.).)


““O ye who believe! Obey Allah and obey the O ye who believe! Obey Allah and obey the

Messenger and those charged with authority from Messenger and those charged with authority from

among you (among you (ULIL-’AMRI - MIN-KUMULIL-’AMRI - MIN-KUM).”).”

((Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 59Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 59))


““If ye differ in anything among yourselves, If ye differ in anything among yourselves, refer it to Allah refer it to Allah

and His Messenger and His Messenger ** if ye do believe in Allah and the Last if ye do believe in Allah and the Last

Day: that is best, and most suitable for final Day: that is best, and most suitable for final

determination.”determination.”

((Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 59Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 59))

** i.e. by the i.e. by the ULIL ‘AMRI ULIL ‘AMRI competent in this, not just any one. competent in this, not just any one. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))


““Those Those who listen to the Word, and follow the best (meaning) who listen to the Word, and follow the best (meaning) in it: in it:

those are the ones whom Allah has guided, and those are the onesthose are the ones whom Allah has guided, and those are the ones

endued with understanding.” endued with understanding.”

((Qur’an: Az-Zumar:39:18Qur’an: Az-Zumar:39:18))

““If anyone contends with the Messenger If anyone contends with the Messenger even after guidance has even after guidance has

been plainly conveyed to himbeen plainly conveyed to him, and follows a path other than that , and follows a path other than that

becoming to men to Faith, We shall leave him in the path he has becoming to men to Faith, We shall leave him in the path he has

chosen, and land him in Hell, what an evil refuge.” chosen, and land him in Hell, what an evil refuge.”

((Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 115)Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 115)


““Say, "O Allah, Say, "O Allah, Owner of SovereigntyOwner of Sovereignty, You give sovereignty to whom You will , You give sovereignty to whom You will

and You take sovereignty away from whom You will. You honour whom You and You take sovereignty away from whom You will. You honour whom You

will and You humble whom You will. In Your hand is [all] good. Indeed, You are will and You humble whom You will. In Your hand is [all] good. Indeed, You are

over all things competentover all things competent.”.”

((Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3: 26)Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3: 26)


““O YOU who have attained to faith! Be ever O YOU who have attained to faith! Be ever

((QAWWAMQAWWAM) steadfast in your devotion to Allah, ) steadfast in your devotion to Allah,

bearing witness (bearing witness (SHUHADASHUHADA) to the truth in all equity ) to the truth in all equity

((QISTwQISTw) ; and never let hatred of anyone lead you into ) ; and never let hatred of anyone lead you into

the sin of deviating from justice. (the sin of deviating from justice. (A’-DILUA’-DILU) Be just: this ) Be just: this

is closest to being God-conscious (is closest to being God-conscious (AQRABU-LIT-AQRABU-LIT-

TAQWATAQWA). And remain conscious of Allah (). And remain conscious of Allah (TAQWATAQWA): ):

verily, Allah is aware of all that you do.”verily, Allah is aware of all that you do.”

((Qur’an: Ma-idah: 5:8Qur’an: Ma-idah: 5:8))


1. (1. (QAWWAMQAWWAM) “steadfast” in your devotion to Allah) “steadfast” in your devotion to Allah

2. (2. (SHUHADASHUHADA) “bearing witness” to the truth ) “bearing witness” to the truth

4. (4. (A’-DILUA’-DILU)) “be just” – the most basic level of justice be just” – the most basic level of justice

3. (3. (QISTwQISTw)) “striving with equity” – higher level of justicestriving with equity” – higher level of justice

5. (5. (TAQWATAQWA): “And remain conscious of Allah with fear of ): “And remain conscious of Allah with fear of

transgression”transgression”

““O ye who believe! stand out firmly for justice (O ye who believe! stand out firmly for justice (QISTwQISTw), as ), as

witnesses to Allah, even as against yourselves, or your parents, witnesses to Allah, even as against yourselves, or your parents,

or your kin ...” or your kin ...”

((Qur’an: an-Nisa’: 4 : 135Qur’an: an-Nisa’: 4 : 135


( “( “’’A-da-laA-da-la ” ) – to act justly, equitable, ” ) – to act justly, equitable, treating everyone with indiscriminate treating everyone with indiscriminate justice, etc. it also implies ( “ justice, etc. it also implies ( “ ‘adl ‘adl ” ” ) to straighten, to be straightforward, ) to straighten, to be straightforward, justice, rectify, put in order, balance etc.justice, rectify, put in order, balance etc.


( “( “QistwQistw ” ) meaning: “justice, fairness, equity, ” ) meaning: “justice, fairness, equity, fair-mindedness, etc.” as in allotment of share fair-mindedness, etc.” as in allotment of share or portion, also in the appropriate instalments.or portion, also in the appropriate instalments.

ThusThus “ “( “( “muqsitwmuqsitw ”) – is “acting justly, or with ”) – is “acting justly, or with fairness, correctness and appropriateness.”fairness, correctness and appropriateness.”


Although both terms imply “Although both terms imply “justicejustice”, yet there is a ”, yet there is a slight difference in their meanings :slight difference in their meanings :

In a transaction between 2 parties (e.g. Buying and In a transaction between 2 parties (e.g. Buying and selling), to accord to both parties their due rights selling), to accord to both parties their due rights whence both are satisfied (win-win) – the Arabic whence both are satisfied (win-win) – the Arabic term . (term . (QISTwQISTw ) is used. This may ) is used. This may require willingness on one or both party to show require willingness on one or both party to show benevolence, goodwill and generosity to the other.benevolence, goodwill and generosity to the other.


In an adjudication (In an adjudication (judging judging ), where justice requires ), where justice requires that one party gains and one party has to suffer that one party gains and one party has to suffer loss, the Arabic termloss, the Arabic term ((‘‘ADL ADL )) is used. This, is used. This, perhaps is the minimal form of justice required.perhaps is the minimal form of justice required.

Even to those amongst your enemy whom you hate, Even to those amongst your enemy whom you hate, you must not deprive them of the you must not deprive them of the ‘ADL‘ADL..


Thus, (Thus, (QISTwQISTw ) would be a higher form of ) would be a higher form of justice – a justice tempered with justice – a justice tempered with IIHHSANSAN and and generosity. Examples:generosity. Examples:




“And therein We had ordained for them: 'A life for a life, and an

eye for an eye, and a nose for a nose, and an ear for an ear, and

a tooth for a tooth, and for all wounds, like for like. But

whosoever forgoes it by way of charity, it will be for him an

expiation. Those who do not judge by what Allah has revealed

are indeed the wrong-doers..”

(Qur’an: Maa-idah: 5: 45)



“And if you punish [an enemy, O believers], punish with an

equivalent of that with which you were harmed. But if you are

patient - it is better for those who are patient.”

(Qur’an: An-Nahlu: 16: 126)



“When you are greeted with a salutation then return

it with a better one, or at least the same. Surely Allah

takes good count of everything.”

(Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 86)

Thus, (Thus, (QISTwQISTw ) would be a higher form of ) would be a higher form of justice – a justice tempered with justice – a justice tempered with IIHHSANSAN and and generosity.generosity.

As Muslims, we are to strive for this higher As Muslims, we are to strive for this higher standard, . (standard, . (QISTw QISTw ), if not, then uphold the ), if not, then uphold the minimal . ( minimal . ( ‘ADL ‘ADL ).).

““ADAABADAAB “ encompass both these understandings. “ encompass both these understandings.


Analysis of Prof. Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-AttasAnalysis of Prof. Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas

THE PROBLEM

THE PROBLEM


48

(A)

Confusion and Error in Knowledge

Figure 1

[1] The loss of Adab in the community. Thus restoration of Adab has higher priority for Adab precedes even learning. [2] Wan Mohd Nor Wan Daud’s “The Educational Philosophy and Practice of Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas” (ISTAC publication 1998) p 74


49

(A)


Figure 1

“This state of perpetual confusion at all levels of societal leadership is ingeniously termed by al-Attas as the loss of ADAB. This can be describe as follows:

1) Confusion and error in knowledge; creating the condition for:



50

External

Loss of ADAB (B)

Internal

(A)


Figure 1


1) Confusion and error in knowledge; creating the condition for:2) The loss of ADAB within the Community. The condition arising out of (A) and (B) is:



51

(C) Rise / election of False leaders

External

Loss of ADAB (B)

Internal

(A)


Figure 1


1) Confusion and error in knowledge; creating the condition for:2) The loss of ADAB within the Community. The condition arising out of (A) and (B) is: Rise of False leaders



52

(C) Rise / election of False leaders

External

Loss of ADAB (B)

Internal

(A)


Figure 1


1) Confusion and error in knowledge; creating the condition for:2) The loss of ADAB within the Community. The condition arising out of (A) and (B) is:

“The rise of leaders who are not qualified for valid leadership of the Muslim Community, who do not possess the high moral, intellectual and spiritual standards required for Islamic leadership, who perpetuate the condition in (1) [1] above and ensure the continued control of the affairs of the Community by leaders like them who dominate in all fields.” [2]


WHO SPEAKS FOR ISLAM ?


In the legal profession for instance, can just anybody, even they In the legal profession for instance, can just anybody, even they

who may be well-read in law, be given the right to interfere with who may be well-read in law, be given the right to interfere with

legal rulings of High court judges?legal rulings of High court judges?

To even consider advice or comment upon legal questions, one To even consider advice or comment upon legal questions, one

should refer to those qualified such as lawyers or jurists; or should refer to those qualified such as lawyers or jurists; or

recognised academician of jurisprudence, etc. recognised academician of jurisprudence, etc.


In engineering, merely having the knowledge or training in In engineering, merely having the knowledge or training in

engineering is insufficient for the person ‘unless he has been engineering is insufficient for the person ‘unless he has been

certified’ by credible practitioners of whichever field of certified’ by credible practitioners of whichever field of

engineering profession.engineering profession.

And in the field of medicine, can those who are not trained and And in the field of medicine, can those who are not trained and

certified as qualified physician be allowed to meddle and prescribe certified as qualified physician be allowed to meddle and prescribe

medical advices to the masses, styling himself or herself as a medical advices to the masses, styling himself or herself as a

medical doctor?medical doctor?


Merely having read manuals on medicine, or even having worked Merely having read manuals on medicine, or even having worked

with a doctor but not as yet assessed by authoritative body of this with a doctor but not as yet assessed by authoritative body of this

profession, or even a student not as yet given permission to practice – profession, or even a student not as yet given permission to practice –

are not enough to qualify one to that role.are not enough to qualify one to that role.

Such ‘malpractices’ can harm human Such ‘malpractices’ can harm human life in this temporary worldlife in this temporary world..

Yet, when it is in matters of theYet, when it is in matters of the DEEN DEEN (religion) that pertains to well-(religion) that pertains to well-

being of our soul or spirit (being of our soul or spirit (RURUHH) in the ) in the eternal Hereaftereternal Hereafter, why are , why are

Muslims so careless?Muslims so careless?


In our community, the term “In our community, the term “UstazUstaz” may have been loosely ” may have been loosely

used (abused) to refer to just any one who teaches something used (abused) to refer to just any one who teaches something

connected to Islam, irrespective of their standing amongst the connected to Islam, irrespective of their standing amongst the

Islamic scholars Islamic scholars (‘ULAMA(‘ULAMA) and genuine students of knowledge ) and genuine students of knowledge

((TOLIB AL-’ILMTOLIB AL-’ILM) of Islam in our community.) of Islam in our community.

Other terms in our concern includes viz. – Other terms in our concern includes viz. – ‘ALEEM ‘ALEEM ((‘ULAMA‘ULAMA), ),

SHEIKH, KIYAI, IMAM, MURSHID, KHALIFAH, AMEERSHEIKH, KIYAI, IMAM, MURSHID, KHALIFAH, AMEER, etc. , etc.


Another term perhaps ‘abused’ is Another term perhaps ‘abused’ is ULIL-AMRIULIL-AMRI – being applied to – being applied to

whomsoever assume leadership of the Muslim community, without even whomsoever assume leadership of the Muslim community, without even

considering whether such ‘leaders’ fulfill the criteria spoken of as the considering whether such ‘leaders’ fulfill the criteria spoken of as the

ULIL -AMRI - MINKUM ULIL -AMRI - MINKUM in the Qur’an and elaborated in As-Sunnah. in the Qur’an and elaborated in As-Sunnah.

Originally, the Originally, the WALIYUL ‘AMRI WALIYUL ‘AMRI was the leader who was both an was the leader who was both an ‘ALEEM ‘ALEEM

(recognized as learned Islamic scholar) as well as being the (recognized as learned Islamic scholar) as well as being the AMEERAMEER

(political leader of the community) – modeled after the Prophet (political leader of the community) – modeled after the Prophet ملسو هيلع هللا ىلصملسو هيلع هللا ىلص Even if he was not the best Islamic scholars of the time, he is expected Even if he was not the best Islamic scholars of the time, he is expected

to seek the advice of the best learned scholars (to seek the advice of the best learned scholars (‘ULAMA‘ULAMA) in the ) in the

community. community. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))

THE PROPHET THE PROPHET ملسو هيلع هللا ىلصملسو هيلع هللا ىلص ‘ALEEM and AMEERPowers both spiritual and temporal,yet commanded to consult (SHURA)

KHULAFA’ RASHIDUUNKHULAFA’ RASHIDUUN ‘‘ALEEM ALEEM and and AMEERAMEERBoth spiritual and temporal,Both spiritual and temporal,

Yet consultation with the seniorYet consultation with the seniorand other learned Companionsand other learned Companions

‘‘ULAMA ULAMA and and SHUYUKHSHUYUKH of the of the UmmahUmmah.

UMMAYYAD DYNASTYAsAs AMEER AMEER only.only.

Held temporal power, Held temporal power, but sought legitimacy but sought legitimacy from endorsement from endorsement of the of the ‘ULAMA ‘ULAMA . .

ABBASID DYNASTY

BEGINNING OF SEPARATION

‘‘ULAMAULAMASpiritual – religious Spiritual – religious leadership. Some patronize leadership. Some patronize the ruler or served as the ruler or served as judges and administrators, judges and administrators, yet many remain yet many remain Independent from these Independent from these rulers but were there to rulers but were there to serve the serve the Ummah.Ummah.

…. and so on etc.


Later these two roles (function) of an Islamic leadership became Later these two roles (function) of an Islamic leadership became

separated, one is the separated, one is the UMARA’UMARA’ (Administrative – political leadership) and (Administrative – political leadership) and

the other the other ‘ULAMA ‘ULAMA (Religious leadership - authority). (Religious leadership - authority).

It is the It is the ‘ULAMA , ‘ULAMA , (specifically the (specifically the FUQAHA’ – FUQAHA’ – the jurists-scholars), who the jurists-scholars), who

must remain true (trustworthy) to the legacy of the Prophet must remain true (trustworthy) to the legacy of the Prophet ملسو هيلع هللا ىلصملسو هيلع هللا ىلص and and

be courageous to speak-up independently, advise and, even if need be, be courageous to speak-up independently, advise and, even if need be,

to exhort or warn those who are ruling over the community. to exhort or warn those who are ruling over the community.

Their accountability ultimately is to Allah SWT and His Messenger Their accountability ultimately is to Allah SWT and His Messenger

and not to these rulers nor to whatever written constitution , and not to these rulers nor to whatever written constitution ,ملسو هيلع هللا ىلصملسو هيلع هللا ىلص

formulated by human beings whenever they are opposed to the principle formulated by human beings whenever they are opposed to the principle

teachings of teachings of Ad-Deen Al-IslamAd-Deen Al-Islam..


“ “(Honour) My successors ((Honour) My successors (KHULAFA’KHULAFA’), may Allah s.w.t. be ), may Allah s.w.t. be

Merciful towards them!.” Merciful towards them!.”

He He ملسو هيلع هللا ىلصملسو هيلع هللا ىلص was asked: was asked:

““Who are your successors (Who are your successors (KHULAFA’KHULAFA’) O Messenger of ) O Messenger of

Allah?” And he Allah?” And he ملسو هيلع هللا ىلصملسو هيلع هللا ىلص said: said:

““They are those who revive my They are those who revive my SunnahSunnah (Way or traditions) (Way or traditions)

and teaches them to the servants of Allah.”and teaches them to the servants of Allah.”

((Hadith of the Prophet s.a.wHadith of the Prophet s.a.w.).)


““When a trust (When a trust (AMANAHAMANAH)is neglected, )is neglected,

then wait for the time (of its destruction).” then wait for the time (of its destruction).”

Somebody ask: Somebody ask:

‘‘How shall this be neglected O Messenger of Allah?’ How shall this be neglected O Messenger of Allah?’

He then replied: “When a matter (affair) is given over, He then replied: “When a matter (affair) is given over,

not to its rightful (legitimate) person (not to its rightful (legitimate) person (AHLIHAAHLIHA), ),

then wait for its time (of destruction).”then wait for its time (of destruction).”

((Hadith reported by BukharyHadith reported by Bukhary) )


““The The FUQAHAFUQAHA (Muslim jurists-scholars) are the trustees (Muslim jurists-scholars) are the trustees

((UMANAA-UUMANAA-U) of the Messenger, as long as they do not insert ) of the Messenger, as long as they do not insert

worldly interest into it (their religious guidance and worldly interest into it (their religious guidance and

teachings).” He was then asked: “What is ‘to insert worldly teachings).” He was then asked: “What is ‘to insert worldly

interest into it’ ?” (The Prophet interest into it’ ?” (The Prophet ملسو هيلع هللا ىلصملسو هيلع هللا ىلص said: “(It is when said: “(It is when

they) follow the Sultan (i.e. those wielding political power)! they) follow the Sultan (i.e. those wielding political power)!

So when they do that (follow the dictates of these leaders), So when they do that (follow the dictates of these leaders),

be cautious towards them (i.e. these Muslim jurist-scholars) be cautious towards them (i.e. these Muslim jurist-scholars)

in regard to your Deen (religion).”in regard to your Deen (religion).”

((Hadith reported by TirmidziHadith reported by Tirmidzi) )



(It was narrated from Tariq bin Shihab r.a. that : a man asked

the Prophet ملسو هيلع هللا ىلصملسو هيلع هللا ىلص, when he had put his leg in the stirrup):

"Which kind of the Jihad is best?'"

He ملسو هيلع هللا ىلصملسو هيلع هللا ىلص said: " a word of truth spoken before an unjust

rulers.“

(Hadith reported by Nasa-i)

““The pursuit of knowledge is not carried on without six The pursuit of knowledge is not carried on without six things which I shall inform you through words that are clear: things which I shall inform you through words that are clear: [1] Ingenious acumen, [1] Ingenious acumen, [2] fervent desire, [2] fervent desire, [3] patience, [3] patience, [4] sufficient sustenance, [4] sufficient sustenance, [5] guidance of a teacher, and [5] guidance of a teacher, and [6] length of time.”[6] length of time.”


A SCHOLARS’ ADVICE FROM KITAB “TA’LIM MUTA’LLIM”A SCHOLARS’ ADVICE FROM KITAB “TA’LIM MUTA’LLIM”

“ “He who does not exert abstinence (He who does not exert abstinence (WARA’)WARA’) while learning, God (Allah) the while learning, God (Allah) the

Almighty chastise [him] in one of three ways: Almighty chastise [him] in one of three ways:

[1] either deprives him of life in his youth, or [1] either deprives him of life in his youth, or

[2] exiles him into [far-off] regions, or [2] exiles him into [far-off] regions, or

[3] punishes him [by forcing him to enter] the service of the Sultan.”[3] punishes him [by forcing him to enter] the service of the Sultan.”


““An immoral man of learning is a great evil,An immoral man of learning is a great evil,

yet a greater evil is an ignoramus leading a ‘godly’ life.yet a greater evil is an ignoramus leading a ‘godly’ life.

Both are a great trial everywhere,Both are a great trial everywhere,

to whomever depends to them both, to whomever depends to them both,

in holding on to his religion”in holding on to his religion”

REFLECTIONREFLECTION:: We would indeed be afflicted with this We would indeed be afflicted with this FitnahFitnah (trial). Only with appropriate (trial). Only with appropriate knowledge and knowledge and irshaadahirshaadah, and more importantly , and more importantly Taufiq wal-Hidaa-ya Taufiq wal-Hidaa-ya from from Allah SWT. would we be saved from its evil.Allah SWT. would we be saved from its evil.All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))

“ If not for my (Islamic) teacher-educator (*MUROBBI) I would never have known my Lord (ROBBI) ”

LAU-LAA-AL-MUROB-BEE – MAA – ‘ARAF-TU- ROB-BEE

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2014)All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2014)

““AN-NASEEHAH”AN-NASEEHAH”““Sincere advice”Sincere advice”

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, MOST MOST COMPASSIONATE,COMPASSIONATE,MOST MERCIFULMOST MERCIFUL

Allah SWT says: “ O mankind, worship your Lord (ROBB), who created

you and those before you, that you may become righteous”

(Qur’an: Surah al-Baqarah: 2: 20)

** Note: the first MUROBBI are our Muslim Note: the first MUROBBI are our Muslim parents-guardian; then Asaatizah / Ustaazat etc.parents-guardian; then Asaatizah / Ustaazat etc.

REMEMBER WITH

REMEMBER WITH

MUCH GRATITUDE

MUCH GRATITUDE

“ Educators are like gardeners, the best of them are the local gardeners with the most experience, who have been living with

and nurturing the plants and being the caretaker of its ornaments. Although they are often unassuming by avoiding the gaze of people admiring the garden, yet ignoring them is indeed

ignorant heedlessness, compounded with ingratitude, while preferring others less able over them is injustice ”

'If you are grateful, I will surely increase you [in favour]; but if you deny, indeed, My punishment is severe”

(Qur’an: Surah Ibrahim: 14: 7)

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST MERCIFULMOST MERCIFUL

AN-NASEEHAHSincere Advice


"O you who have believed, be conscious and mindful of your duty to Allah (TAQWA) as He

should be feared and do not die except as Muslims [state of ISLAM: submission to Him]. ”

(Qur’an: Surah Aali ‘Imran: 3: 102102))


IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST MERCIFULMOST MERCIFUL..

AN-NASEEHAHAN-NASEEHAH

TO BE CONTINUEDTO BE CONTINUED


““O Allah! Make us see the Truth to be true and O Allah! Make us see the Truth to be true and

grant us the ability to follow it.grant us the ability to follow it.

And make us see Falsehood to be false and grant And make us see Falsehood to be false and grant

us the ability to reject it.”us the ability to reject it.”


O Allah! Make us to be people who guide (others) and O Allah! Make us to be people who guide (others) and

who are (always) Guided (by Your Guidance) .who are (always) Guided (by Your Guidance) .


Not of those who are astray and Not of those who are astray and

who lead people astray.who lead people astray.



O Lord! Grant upon us profound understanding,

(as also grant upon) our family members..


And also to those in the Faith who are close to us ,

Amongst fellow citizens, the female and the male.


O Allah! Make us to be people who guide (others) and

who are (always) guided (by Your Guidance)


Not of those who are astray and who lead people astray.Not of those who are astray and who lead people astray.

O Allah! Guide us all O Allah! Guide us all

with Your Guidance.with Your Guidance.


And make us people who hasten towards And make us people who hasten towards

what pleases You.what pleases You.


And do not let us be protected (by others) except only And do not let us be protected (by others) except only

with Your Protection (as our Guardian).with Your Protection (as our Guardian).


And do not make us to be of those who differ from Your And do not make us to be of those who differ from Your

command and who are disobedient towards You.command and who are disobedient towards You.


And sufficient is Allah for us, And sufficient is Allah for us,

for He is the Best Protectorfor He is the Best Protector


And there is no power nor strength except And there is no power nor strength except

with Allah The Most High, the Most Esteem.with Allah The Most High, the Most Esteem.


And salutations of Allah and Peace be upon our And salutations of Allah and Peace be upon our

Leader Muhammad, and upon His household Leader Muhammad, and upon His household

and Companions .and Companions .


And all the Praises belongs to Allah, And all the Praises belongs to Allah,

Lord Sustainer of all the worldLord Sustainer of all the world


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[Slideshare] fiqh-course(batch-5-january 2016) -introdn #1b -(27-january-2016)

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Transcript of [Slideshare] fiqh-course(batch-5-january 2016) -introdn #1b -(27-january-2016)