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Skeletal  Anatomy  NC  Chiropractic  Assistant  Certification  Education  

Dr.  Joe  Siragusa  

Fundamentals  

Ê Anatomy-­‐  the  study  of  the  parts  

Ê Physiology-­‐  the  study  of  how  the  parts  function  

Ê The  Cell-­‐  basic  unit  of  life  

Ê Atoms  (Elements)  –  Molecules  –  Cells  –  Tissue  –  Organs  –  

Ê Organ  Systems  i.e.  Skeletal,  muscular,  nervous,  digestive  

Fundamentals  

Ê  Cells  have  a  pre-­‐programmed  structure  and  function  

Ê  Controlled  by  Innate,  Life  Force,  other  

Ê  Cells  that  BALANCE  their  functions  based  on  the  environment  are  in  HOMEOSTASIS  (steady-­‐state)  

Ê  Cells,  tissues,  organs,  and  organ  systems  that  are  maintaining  a  steady  state  are  in  HOMEOSTASIS  or  HEALTH  

Ê  The  inability  to  maintain  homeostasis  is  DISEASE  

Subluxation  

Ê  Spinal  dysfunction/misalignment  plus  nerve  interference  that  prevents  homeostasis  

Ê  May  include:  Ê  Spasm  

Ê  Inflammation  Ê  Pain  

Ê  Swelling  

Ê  Redness  

Ê  Heat  

Ê  Loss  of  Function  (Disease)  

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Chiropractic  Adjustment  

Ê  Adjustment-­‐  restoration  of  spinal  function  using  the  hands  or,  in  some  cases,  and  instrument  

Skeletal  Cells  

Ê  Osteoblasts  –  make  bone  Matrix-­‐  protein  and  minerals  i.e.  Calcium  xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  

Ê  Osteoclasts  –  resorb  (eat)  bone  Cxxxxxxxxxx  

Ê  Is  bone  alive  or  dead?  

Ê  Fractured  or  broken?  

Skeletal  Tissue  

Ê  Long  bone  anatomy  

Ê  Cortex    

Ê  Trabecular  bone  Ê  Bone  Marrow  –  blood  production  

Ê  Periosteum  

Ê  Periosteum  =  “pain  sensitive”    

Skeletal  Tissue  –  Typical  Long  Bone  

Ê  Femur  

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Skeletal  -­‐  Formation  

Ê  Cartilage  to  bone  

Ê  Growth  (Epiphysial)  Plates  

Skeletal  Tissue-­‐  Fracture  

Ê  Femur        Tibia  

Skeletal-­‐  Spine  

Ê  24  moveable  vertebrae  

Ê  7  Cervical  (C1-­‐C7)  

Ê  12  Thoracic  (T1-­‐T12)  

Ê  5  Lumbar  (L1-­‐L5)  

Ê  Kyphosis  

Ê  Lordosis  

Ê  24  vertebrae  

Skeletal  –  Typical  Vertebrae  

1.  Spinous  Process    

2.  Vertebral  Body    

3.  Intervertebral  Disc    

4.  Intervertebral  Foramen    

5.  Transverse  Process  (TVP)    

6.  Facet  Joints  

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Skeletal  –  Typical  Vertebra  

Ê  Transverse  Process  

Skeletal  -­‐  Spine  

Ê  Intervertebral  Discs  

Skeletal-­‐  Scoliosis  

Ê  Short  leg    

Ê  Malformation    

Ê  Subluxation    

Ê  Spasm    

Ê  Disc  

Skeletal  –  Spine  (cont.)  

Ê  Special  Vertebrae  Ê  C1  Atlas-­‐  no  spinous  

Ê  C2  Axis  Dens  or  Odontoid  

Ê  Bifid  Spinous  

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Skeletal  –  Skull  

•  Infant  –  Fontanelles    

•  Occiput    

•  Mandible    

•  Frontal    

•  Parietal    

•  Temporal  Mastoid  Process*  

•  Maxilla    

•  Temporo-­‐Mandibilar  Joint*  (TMJ)  

Skeletal  –  Rib  Cage  

Ê  Ribs-­‐  bone  /  cartilage  

Ê  Sternum  

Skeletal  -­‐  Pelvis  

Ê  Ilium  

Ê  Sacrum  

Ê  Pelvic  Outlet  /  Birth  Canal  

Ê  Symphysis  Pubis  

Ê  Coccyx  

Ê  Acetabulum  

Ê  Sacro-­‐Iliac  Joint  (SI  Joint)  

Ê  Femur  Ê  Head  and  Neck  Ê  Greater  Trochanter  Ê  Shaft  

Skeletal  –  Upper  Extremity  

Ê  Scapula  

Ê  Clavicle  

Ê  Humorus  

Ê  Ulna  Ê  Olecranon  Ê  Epicondyles  

Ê  Radius  Ê  Pronate  

Ê  Supinate  

Ê  Carpals  

Ê  Metacarpals  

Ê  Phalanges  

Acromion  Process  

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Skeletal  –  Lower  Extremity  

Ê  Femur  

Ê  Patella  

Ê  Tibia  

Ê  Fibula  

Skeletal  -­‐  Foot  

Ê  Tarsals  Ê  Talus  Ê  Calcaneous  

Ê  Metatarsals  

Ê  Phalanges  

Ê  Sesamoids  

Tibia  

Skeletal  –  Ligaments  

Ê  Ligaments  Ê  Do  not  contract  Ê  Minimal  Stretch  

Ê  Kite  String  

Skeletal  -­‐  Bursa  

Ê  Sacs  of  oily  liquid  

Ê  Lubrication  

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Skeletal  -­‐  Meniscus  

Ê  Cartilage  Cushion  

Ê  Lubrication  

Ê  Reduce  Friction  

Ê  No  blood  supply  

Skeletal  -­‐  Joints  

Ê  TMJ  

Ê  Intervertebral  –  Facet  

Ê  Lumbo-­‐sacral  

Ê  Sacro-­‐iliac  

Ê  Gleno-­‐humeral  (Shoulder)  

Ê  Sterno-­‐clavicular  

Ê  Acromio-­‐clavicular  

Ê  Costo-­‐vertebral  

Ê  Patello-­‐femoral  

Joint  Motions  

Ê  Anatomical  Position  

Ê  Midline  Reference  

Ê  Flexion  

Ê  Extension  

Ê  Rotation  

Ê  Depression  

Ê  Elevation  

Skeletal  -­‐  Review  

Review