Self-serving Bias .

• Self-serving Bias

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Attribution theory - Self-serving bias

1 An alternative version of the theory of the self-serving bias states that the bias does not arise because

people wish to protect their private self-esteem, but to protect their self-

image (a self-presentational bias)


Attribution bias - Self-serving bias

1 A self-serving bias refers to people's tendency to attribute their successes to internal factors but attribute their

failures to external.Darity, W.A


Attribution bias - Self-serving bias

1 Therefore, the self-serving bias seems to function as an ego-

protection mechanism, helping people to better cope with personal

failures.


Causal attribution - Self-serving bias

1 An alternative version of the theory of the self-serving bias states that the bias does not arise because

people wish to protect their private self-esteem, but to protect their self-

image (a self-presentational bias)


Actor–observer asymmetry - Self-serving bias

1 The self-serving bias is often formulated as a complete reversal in actors' and observers' explanation tendencies as a function of positive

vs


Self-serving bias

1 Some more modern research, however, has shifted focus to

physiological manipulations, such as emotional inducement and neural activation, in an attempt to better

understand the biological mechanisms that contribute to the

self-serving bias.


Self-serving bias - History

1 Miller and Ross conducted a study in 1975 that was one of the earliest to assesses not only self-serving bias

but they looked at the attributions for successes and failures within this

theory.


Self-serving bias - Laboratory testing

1 These attributions are assessed by the researchers to determine

implications for the self-serving bias.


Self-serving bias - Neural experimentation

1 Some more modern testing employs neural imaging techniques to supplement the

fundamental self-serving bias laboratory procedures. Neural correlates of the self-serving

bias have been investigated by electroencephalography (EEG), as well as

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). These procedures allow for insight into brain

area activity during exhibition of a self-serving bias, as well as a mechanism to differentiate brain activity between healthy and clinical

populations.


Self-serving bias - Naturalistic investigation

1 Retrospective performance outcomes can be used in investigation of the self-serving bias.

An example of this is reported company performance followed up by self-report of outcome attributions. These self-report

attributions can then be used to assess how successes and failures are viewed by

company employees and executives. This method can be used for numerous outcome

variables to determine the presence or absence of the self-serving bias.


Self-serving bias - Motivation

1 Two types of motivation affect the self-serving bias: self-enhancement and self-presentation


Self-serving bias - Locus of control

1 Airplane pilots with an internal locus of control were likely to exhibit a self-

serving bias in regard to their skill and levels of safety.


Self-serving bias - Gender

1 Studies have shown a slight discrepancy in males' and females' use of the self-serving

bias. In self-report surveys investigating partner interactions of romantic couples,

men tended to attribute negative interactions to their partners more than women did. This is evidence that men may exhibit the self-serving bias more

than women, although the study did not look at positive interaction attributions.


Self-serving bias - Age

1 Older adults have been shown to make more internal causal attributions for

negative outcomes. Differential attribution style at different ages indicates that the

self-serving bias may be less likely in older adults. These older adults who attributed

negative outcomes to more internal factors also rated themselves to be in poorer

health, so negative emotional factors may confound the found age effects.


Self-serving bias - Culture

1 No consensus has been reached on cross-culture influences on the self-

serving bias, though some systematic differences do seem to be present, especially between Western

and non-Western cultures.


Self-serving bias - Role

1 Actors of a task exhibit the self-serving bias in their attributions to

their own success or failure feedback, whereas observers do not make the same attributions about

another person's task outcome


Self-serving bias - Self-esteem and emotion

1 Coleman concluded that the two emotions of guilt and revulsion lead to a drop in self-esteem, and thus a

reduction in the use of the self-serving bias.


Self-serving bias - Self-awareness and probability of improvement

1 However, they will engage in self-serving bias, attributing failure

externally when they perceive a low probability of improvement


Self-serving bias - Interpersonal relations

1 Strangers exhibited the self-serving bias in responsibility attributions, but

friends tended to make joint attributions for both success and

failure


Self-serving bias - Workplace

1 Results showed that the self-serving bias was present in negative outcomes, and that greater

interpersonal distance from group members increased blame for

negative outcomes


Self-serving bias - Classroom

1 Studies in both lab and field settings have shown both teachers and

students hold self-serving biases in regard to outcomes in the classroom


Self-serving bias - Computer technology

1 This finding combined with what is known about the self-serving bias in interpersonal relations indicates that consumers that use a computer to

buy products will take personal credit for successful purchases but blame the computer for negative purchase

experiences


Self-serving bias - Sports

1 So, other sports of this nature may show similar results, but other team

sports or sports with more ambiguous outcomes may not show the same pattern for the self-serving

bias.


Self-serving bias - Depression

1 It has been suggested that the negative mood within depressed individuals as well as their self-focused attention explains why

clinically depressed populations are less likely to exhibit the self-serving

bias than normal populations.


Self-serving bias - Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

1 The self-serving bias has been investigated by the Functional

magnetic resonance imaging|fMRI method in normal populations


Forer effect - Self-serving bias

1 The study concluded that the self-serving bias is powerful enough to cancel out the usual Forer effect.


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Self-serving Bias .

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