Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary
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Transcript of Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary
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Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary
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Step One:Warming up
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Do you like doing scientific experiments?
What should you pay attention to when you are carrying out an experiment in a lab?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案: Carrying out an experiment in a lab is very dangerous.You must be careful and do the experiment under your teacher’s guidance.
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Step Two: Fast reading
Read the two passages (P44- 45) quickly and answer the following questions.
1.What should we know when we use metals?
________________________________________________________________________
答案: We should know how metals react with different substances.
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2.What will happen to copper when it is kept in water?
________________________________________________________________________
答案: No reaction /Nothing.
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3.Why is oil added to the water?
________________________________________________________________________
答案: To keep air out of the water.
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4.What is the use of the cotton wool in the test tube?
________________________________________________________________________
答案: Keeping air dry.
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Step Three: Careful reading
Read the text (P44- 45) carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Which of the following metals reacts most with water?
A. Copper. B. Iron.
C. Aluminium. D. Sodium.
答案: D
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2. According to Passage A, which of the following reacts most easily when it is heated in oxygen?
A. Aluminium. B. Iron.
C. Steel. D. Copper.
答案: A
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3.We can know from the experiment________.
A. how iron rusts with oil
B. iron is quite easy to rust
C. how we can prevent iron from rusting
D. how iron reacts with all the other substances
答案: C
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4. If some clean iron nails are kept in a wet place for a week, the nails will________.
A. rust
B. not rust
C. form an oxide
D. keep the place dry
答案: A
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5. This passage mainly talks about ________.
A. all kinds of metals
B. what kind of metal reacts most
C. the different reactions of metals
D. how metals react
答案: C
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Step Four: Summary
Different metals have different uses.When we use metals, it is important to know how they react with different 1.____________.The 2.____________of metals with these substances can be put in order.From the table, we can find potassium reacts the most with oxygen and water while copper 3.____________react with water.When we heat calcium in oxygen, it burns to 4.____________an oxide.
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To find out if iron rusts in dry air, in air free water and in 5.____________water.Let’s do a simple scientific experiment.We need different pieces of 6.____________, which are clean iron nails, test tubes, a test tube holder, some cotton wool, oil and a Bunsen burner.
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Well, first, put some iron nails at the 7.____________of a test tube.Then push some cotton wool down the tube.Next, leave the tube for one week.After one week, the nails have not 8.____________.It shows that iron doesn’t rust when the air is dry.
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In the second part of the experiment, you must boil the water to make sure there is no air in it.You add some oil to the water because this 9.____________air out of it.It also shows that iron does not rust in water without air in it.10.____________, the nails rust in the tube with ordinary water in the third part of the experiment.
That is how iron reacts with air and with water.
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答案: 1.substances 2.reaction 3.doesn’t 4.form
5. ordinary 6.equipment 7.bottom 8.rusted 9.keeps
10. However
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expand v .膨胀;扩大,扩张( 课文原句 P41)When you heat a metal, it expands.
当你加热一种金属的时候,它会膨胀。①Student numbers are expanding rapidly.
学生人数在迅速增加。
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②Air expands when heated. 空气受热膨胀。③The writer expanded his short novel into a long one.
那位作者把他的短篇小说扩展为长篇。④His company expanded into a big one.
他的公司扩大规模而成为大公司。
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1.McDonald’s has________its business by opening more stores in big cities.
A. expanded B. spread
C. increased D. improved
解析: expand one’s business扩大生意。答案: A
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stage n. [C] 阶段,时期;舞台( 课文原句 P44)Put these words in the correct order to describe the stages of a scientific experiment.
把下列词按正确的顺序排列来描述一个科学实验的阶段。①The peace talk has reached an important stage.
和平会谈已达到重要阶段。
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②The project has reached a stage where we must make a choice.
这项工程已达到我们必须做出选择的阶段。③Tom stood on the stage, feeling very nervous.
汤姆站到舞台上,感到非常紧张。
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2.They’re getting to the stage________they hardly ever go out together to have dinner.
A. what B. that
C. where D. which
解析: 此题考查定语从句, where在从句中作地点状语。答案: C
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3 .完成句子It is no use talking about the result________ ________ ________( 在这个阶段 ) .答案: at this stage
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react vi. 反应react with...与……发生 ( 化学 ) 反应react against sth./sb. 反对,反抗( 课文原句 P44)When we use metals, it is important to know how they react with different substances, for example, water and oxygen.当我们使用金属时,懂得它们与其他物质比如水和氧气怎样发生反应,这是很重要的。
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①I wasn’t sure how you would react to the decision.我不确定你会对这个决定有什么反应。②Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust. 铁与水和空气起反应而生锈。③Many young people react against traditional values.许多年轻人反对传统的价值观。
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reaction n.反应( 课文原句 P44)The reaction of metals with these substances can be put in order.( 不同的 ) 金属与这些物质的反应程度可以按顺序排列起来。
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4. 完成句子① 遇到危险时,我们的第一反应就是跑开。Running away is________ ________ ________when we meet danger.
② 孩子们通常以违背父母的意愿来反抗他们。Children tend to________ ________their parents by going against their wishes.
答案: ① our first reaction ② react against
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form
(1)v.(使 ) 形成;使 ( 组成 ) ;养成( 课文原句 P44)Burns to form an oxide 燃烧生成氧化物We should form a good habit to keep healthy.
我们应该养成好习惯以保持健康。
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(2)n. 形式,形状;表格,格式in the form of以……形式,呈……状态fill in/out a form 填表格Help in the form of money will be very welcome.
以钱的形式资助将十分受欢迎。Please fill in the following form. 请填写下面的表格。
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5.You’d sound a lot more polite if you make a quest________a question.A. in search of B. in the form ofC. in need of D. instead of解析: 句意为:如果你以问题的形式提出要求,那会显得更有礼貌。 in the form of以……形式。答案: B
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6 .完成句子My son has________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________( 养成早起的习惯 ) in the morning.
答案: formed the habit of getting up early
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conclusion n.结论arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论make a conclusion 下结论in conclusion 最后,作为结束( 课文原句 P45)Conclusion: Iron does not rust in dry air.结论:铁在干燥的空气中不生锈。
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①I arrived at/came to/drew/reached the conclusion that he had been lying. 我看他是在撒谎。②In conclusion, I’d like to say that the work has been well done.
最后,我想说这工作做得不错。
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conclude vt. 下结论,推断,结束③The book concluded with a happy ending.
这本书以大团圆作为结束。④The police concluded that the driver of the car was to blame for the accident. 警方断定这辆轿车的司机应该为这次事故负责。
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7. 完成句子① 你们从这个故事中得出了什么结论?________ ________ ________ ________ ________from the story?② 最后我想说我在这里过得非常愉快。________ ________, I’d like to say how much I’ve enjoyed staying here.答案: ① What conclusion did you reach ② In conclusion
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aim
(1) n.目标,目的take aim at sb./sth. 把目标对准某人 / 某物with the aim of 目的是…… ①The aim of the course is to improve students’ reading skills.
这门课程的目的是提高学生的阅读技巧。
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②She went to London with the aim of finding a job. 她去伦敦是为了找工作。 ③The hunter took aim at the lion.猎人瞄准了狮子。 (2)aim v.试图,找算;意欲,旨在;瞄准,对准 aim to do sth.意欲做……,打算做…… aim (sth.) at sb./sth.(用……)瞄准/对准某人/物
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be aimed at sth.旨在……,目的在于……sb.针对某人;适宜某人
④Obama is aiming to reduce the unemployment by 50%. 奥巴马正力求使失业人数下降 50%。 ⑤What I said yesterday was not aimed at her. 我昨天的话不是针对她的。
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be aimed at
④Obama is aiming to reduce the unemployment by 50%.
奥巴马正力求使失业人数下降 50% 。⑤What I said yesterday was not aimed at her.
我昨天的话不是针对她的。
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[ 助记 ]
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8. 完成句子① 这个反吸烟组织是针对青少年的。This anti smoking organisation________ ________ ________young teenagers.② 我们访问学校,目的是使年轻人对戏剧感兴趣。We visit schools________ ________ ________ ________getting young people interested in the theatre.答案: ① is aimed at ② with the aim of
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9.My remarks________at you at all.That is to say, I didn’t aim my words________you at all.
A. didn’t aim; to B. doesn’t aim; on
C. were not aimed; at
D. were not aiming; for
解析: 此题考查短语 be aimed at 或 aim at对准……的用法。答案: C
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put...in order 把……按顺序排列,把……收拾 /整理得有条不紊( 课文原句 P44)The reaction of metals with these substances can be put in order.
金属与这些物质的反应程度可以按顺序排列起来。①It has become her habit to put everything in order.
把物品放得有条不紊已成为她的习惯。
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in good order井然有序out of order混乱; ( 机器等 ) 出故障,失灵②Sorry,my telephone is out of order.
不好意思,我的电话出故障了。
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10. 完成句子整理书后,他高高兴兴地出去散步了。After his books________ ________ ________ ________, he went out for a walk.
答案: were put in order
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add...to...往……加入……( 课文原句 P45)Add some oil to the water.往水中加些油。①Shall I add some sugar to your coffee?要我往你的咖啡里加糖吗?
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add to 增加,增添add up sth.= add sth.together 把某物加起来add up to共计,共达add补充说
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②The bad weather added to our difficulties.
坏天气增加了我们的困难。③These numbers add up to 100. 这些数字合计为100 。④Please add up all these numbers.
把这些数字都加起来。⑤He added that they would return a week later.
他补充说他们一周后回来。
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11.用 add 短语的适当形式填空①This music______________our pleasure and makes us relaxed.②Please______________these figures and you will know the result of the competition.③Do you believe that Lincoln’s education______________no more than one year?
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④Since then, the Great Wall has been______________, rebuilt and repaired, especially during the Ming Dynasty.
⑤Please________sugar and milk________your coffee.They will make it more delicious.
答案: ① adds to ;② add up ;③ added up to;④ added to ;⑤ add; to
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Two thirds of the earth’s surface is water.
地球表面的 2/3 是水。(1) 在英语中,表示分数时,分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子大于 1 时,表示分母的序数词要用复数,并且要在分子和分母之间加上连字符“ ” 。1/3 one third 4/5 four fifths
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12,
14,
34除用序数词作分母外,更常用 half 和
quarter。 12:a half,one half;
14:a quarter,one quarter,
one fourth; 34:three quarters,three fourths
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(2) 分数、百分数作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于其后面的名词。Only one third of the work has been done by now.到现在为止仅完成了 1/3 的工作。Over four fifths of the students in our school are from countryside. 我们学校 4/5 以上的学生来自农村。
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12. 用所给词的适当形式填空①五分之二的粮食用来饲养牲口。Two fifths of the grain________(be) used to feed animals.
②百分之九十的吸烟者是男性。Ninety percent of the smokers________(be) male.
答案: ① is ② are
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A quarter is the same as 25 percent (25%) .四分之一等于百分之二十五。the same as和……一样,为固定搭配, as 不可换作他词, as 后可接代词、副词,也可接名词从句。①My bag is the same as yours. 我的袋子和你的相同。②The student has made the same mistake as last time.
那个学生犯了和上次相同的错误。
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③She goes to the same university as her father did.
她现在就读的那所大学是她父亲当年学习的地方。注意: the same+ n.+ as引导的从句表示同类,而 the same+ n.+ that 从句指同一个事物。
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This is the same wallet that I lost a week ago.
这就是我一星期前遗失的皮夹。 ( 同一个 )
This is the same wallet as I lost a week ago.
这个钱夹和我一星期前丢的那个一模一样。 ( 同类 )
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13. 完成句子你的意见和我的一样。Your opinion is________ ________ ________mine.
答案: the same as
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Ⅰ.单词拼写1. What________( 结论 ) do you draw from the evidence? Please tell me at once.答案: conclusion2.Mr Li’s________( 目标 ) is to finish writing two books before going abroad this summer.答案: aim
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3.Water and ice are the same________( 物质 ) in different forms.
答案: substance
4. The girl kept her________( 平衡 ) with a long stick in her hands.
答案: balance
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5.We are proud of having all the latest e________in our chemistry lab.
答案: equipment
6. Children should f________good habits from the very beginning.
答案: form
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7. If you put some salt into the water, it will d________soon.
答案: dissolve
8.We can’t imagine how people live without e________in modern times.
答案: electricity
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Ⅱ. 短语翻译1. add...____... 往……加入……2. two thirds ____ 三分之二的3. think ____ 想,考虑;把……当成4. keep..._______ 把……关在外面
to
of
of
out of
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5. put...____ order 使……有条理,使……整齐6. find _____弄清楚,弄明白7. be different ______ 与……不同8. the same ____ 和……一样
in
out
from
as
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Ⅲ. 完成句子1 .你的缺席会增加我们的困难。Your absence will________ ________our difficulty.
答案: add to
2 .这家商店出售帐篷和其他野营用具。The store sells tents and________ ________ ________.
答案: other camping equipment
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3 .最后,我要感谢你们为我所做的一切。________ ________, I’d like to thank you for all you’ve done for me.
答案: In conclusion
4 .这将把空气隔绝在水外。This will________air________________the water.
答案: keep; out of
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5 .你想把你的名字加到名单里吗?Do you want to__________your name________
the list?
答案: add; to
6 .动物和人一样会感觉到疼痛。Animals feel pain________ ________ ________we do.
答案: the same as
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7 .把一切收拾得有条不紊已成为她的习惯。It has become her habit to________everything________ ________.
答案: put; in order
8 .这本书适宜幼童阅读。This book________ ________ ________very young children.
答案: is aimed at
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练规范、练技能、练速度