Sci152
Transcript of Sci152
7
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ffiadturthlod u#e I#ao fr arittTa6{aul#
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fi%'lYl 1
1
1.0
H1
He2
2
6.9
LiJ
9.0
Be4
10.8
B5
12.0
C6
14.0
N7
16.0
o8
19.0
F9
20.2
Ne10
J
23.0
Nall
24.3
\4st2
27.0
AII3
28.1
Sit4
31.0
B15
32.1
$t6
35.5
CIt7
39.9
Ar18
4
39.1
Kt9
40. I
Ca20
45.0
Sc2t
47.9
Ti22
s0.9
V23
52.0
Cr24
54.9
Mn25
55.8
Fe26
58.9
Co27
58.7
Ni28
63.s
Cu29
65.4
Zn30
69.7
Ga31
72.6
Ge32
74.9
AsJJ
79.0
Se34
79.9
Br35
83.8
Kr36
5
85.5
Rb37
87.6
Sr38
88.9
Y39
91.2
Zr40
92.9
Nb4l
95.9
Mo42
(ee)
Tc43
t0t.lRu44
102.9
Rh45
106.4
Pd46
r07.9
As47
112.4
Cd48
114.8
In49
118.7
Sn50
121.8
Sb51
127.6
Te52
126.9
I53
131 .3
Xe54
6
132.9
Cs55
137.3
Ba56
138.9
La57
178.5
Hf72
181.0
TaIJ
183.9
w74
186.2
Re75
r90.2
Os76
r92.2
Ir77
195.1
Pt78
197.0
Au79
200.6
Hg80
204.4
Ti81
207.2
Pb82
209.0
Bi83
(210)
Po84
(210)
At85
(222)
Rn86
7
(223)
Fr87
(226)
Ra88
(227)
Ac89
(261)
Rfr04
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Dbl0s
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Ss106
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Bh107
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Hs108
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Mt109
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1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 8A
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ilxoruagru 1e; = 1.6 x 1o-tn srno*ri
d'or:rr5ruar 1c; = 3.0 X 108 grqr:sioiu.rfi
rirn.rer-rlr#rri'1ny = 6.6 x 10-to on- iurfit Erfino:auhnd' = L6 x 1o-" on
rurnto.:T:J:mou = 1.0073 u
rutnto.:firo:ou = 1.0087 u
rurnso.:6tfinasau (*") = 0.0005 u = 9.0 x 10-tt fi]nniru-..Y----.A4 ! 9' a€ T dv{n.:.11uYltYtulttyl']nuil?d 1u = 930 tunsardino:oulrno
sin 53o= 415 cos 53o= 3/5 sin 30o = cos 600 = 112
J, = 1.41n = 3.14 'lE'= 9.9
ln rfr Er N 6r a %'[#intua?1 N ;
cos 3oo=sin 600 = % ,f-ln2= 0.693 d,
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j -
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1. 2oo 2. ooo -
3. 8oo 4. 1,zoo
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t g. dr 6:Jd'un u rur nluuirr rulor o r:J:s um slm uav1. R1ntilUo 2. ntnnrrunn
e. nrnerfuoon 4. nrorqsiuoonrdrrrHfio
t +. ua nto6rnu:Jynrir raxrruSrr ru* d'u.l
daf . il00n$t0ltfl{t14il'trtlnnlTo't:{lta9
(u
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o-gA<rrso3. ru t[il n.J gt 0ufla?m lilu0'tnt:tt o.t:Jsnrf.:drur ururn-4artvfry4. ru 0 tuilR il 0u autn illcat anlTfl:'l.j tn:.: gfr.:fi utjuq ru t --ct'-
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138
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17. riotodo male gametophyte
1. anther
3. microspore
fitturioter
1 . frn?r o.l
3. nlTL?n
NTOillNN , PGA
Vlanro L?u?n , oAA
$
4i r A ull I
li o 0n tLqrnro 0n elu n1 ur.: LlJ (ovary)
9)
nn? u ljul.t 2.I
vr6uu rirran?{ 4.q
pollen grain
microspore mother cell
uo #u:Jvret uriou
d'rrjr nrrd't.rr flaro LU oi
NTOLTOSAN , PEP
nroaonmfin , co z
2. NADP+ ,H,O
4. 'tryIvrTflrilFrorlnnrfind , NADP+
dYi,2. U1,[?1.]HlJO?1 O UUUTET:TTITryru(u
2.
4.
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6lX1. Luunu.tAA2. L0T,l9l0?1n 3. 'LaIlrsrofin 4. U OetLrrn rfigt
20. oln[r.runrl'rnr:#.:rn:rvri'sirurranrorrirrlngr fl'rr n uns n 6oa1:toqtilritel-u
2.
4.
1.
3.
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1. HrO , NADPH
3. ATP , plastoquinone
22. :vinr,rrlurnrril 6 o o v'L:q
1. drd'utufl1lo.rfru
3. n 1 T u 6[9t.] 0 o n n1.: vt'unn rril Hi o nl T?i''l .l'l 1,[1J o .: fr uq
i v a", -d-4. n0Yl L!flO.19l'l'l [J flu1 l1.[I'TY14?'1{ n1qU1,A'
'[ a rfr er a.r a o r,r'[#intr,r a ? 1 ru i
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T u d don. lrurnnn DNA llo{fla? x ilo'11{?uto{[ufl c rurnn.ir#q{yit
T @ d 46r. lrurnna orun ro.:d'n'i x f irurilTo.][ufl o rioun,irfr'q{ vq
_ T-.. v 6' 4 a5l t v €9t. lil[nnfl DNA 10.]6[9t? X ilgtul4nillilnlTnnoiltiln?fl{nirsqi yq q E -'-ct
.Tu'aaa6l;,u6..t. tilrnnn DNA Ta.tflqt? x ruotut4Rillt*nlTnnoruuranrdtnirnqi yq q lU ----
1 . n. lLnr fl. 2. n. LLnr {. 3. 1J. LLny fl. 4. fl. LLny {.
z+. ra{rfiaortuu ABo tunuerruqrusi'rufiuuuooTnTrru T:nnruoerfierruerruoirufruoYouuuqqr
In:hltrurlnrs ilounsurifira{rdae n unsnriln6yr&rgi frnnmunundrfiHrirfioq o unrqruaqfr,il { il| qt-----'
o r fi r o"q:r 6ir ut o r fl Tu'lil fl fi o sld'n n nmr o.: rni o urri ri d fi ra il rfi o q o un y ql il n G.u.u(U1, 1t4 2. 3t4 3. 1t2 4. 1tB
i e.,/ dA a.' d AL?{ 0 6[T'l{ LUn n flU ill l,[!'Ly! FIH.J U (egg)
q
ffiwffihLwr"#i\wv$T
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3. $nnu 6o rilfionrl'ruuilfiq (seed coat)q
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2s . o 1 n LL zu t*n trr dr r si'r .r rioto 6 o d r d'u n r ; LL ri .r L { n d'
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rilunu:lnG d.:riJufi'n:*r*vreiu o.:ulj, tu:Jretln: 1,000 nu ovtflu heterozysous dnu
1. 90 2. 180 3. 400 4. 810
r,rrte o v LLnril fr dr ur urqTn;hlmrrioto n n oi'0.:q(U
tr
s
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uAitlj u ttfl .t Yt [14 8.J't s fl il Yt fl 9t
q
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e 1 n #n :gilvrl o.: fi tq 0 n qi 0'1il fi r.: a o u rir nt rurio 3 1
ATAA = ilL01,[LOL9l0&lfl
e = drur%rilnno.rtryrnil 1*rfiu 5
a-/loAA-A-/t
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Vl rA aVl aI - 1ilil Ll^IT L{LN N
Vl rA A d AK - Lil il']'I6[9I? N1TLLFIIJ LU U 1I
9/
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Vl rA f aB - LrJlrr01,[Lor9t0lJfl
p = drurt,ltLilnro.rlsLnil ufiu 1o
F - rioviodrlfiurfrHnluN-o 6u.:rfJu 1 ?tAaVla
H = tlL?-lT LULnn
dadAJ - 8.J?'.l6[9t? n'lTLtgtu LU Uil
ln rfi s E r 6[ o %'[#in'[r,tor ?'r EJ i
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A al a.t 9,/ 6l
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3. B,F, I,J
5l
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3. n. LLnV n.
4. D,E,H,K
4. C,F, I,K
4. fl. Ft. LLnr {.
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1. A,F, I,J
n. nn?u
1 . n. bLny 1.
A al a./ 9,/ 6l
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2. rir uurari.: rG ru oi'ul#n.:du uqi cir qi'unfrt ryir rG ruqt
3. rir un dr nr n'ir 16 ru oiulfa rduun y iir d'un{.r rdu.u 'u
4. rir uH r.ir nr n'ir rG ru qi'ulfsrdu uqi iir qi'unir.: ryir rG nEIU
ss. sr:tq'lei,i'r ril uiitaiu nr :ufi r oi'r t o r rfi o qtuir { n1 u?J o { n uA1. Uflnrsuu
AA2. ?gt'tuu Lgt 3. trluaTuLel.r 4. I:J uqrnlfiu ru
go. nufiiu:J:vmruurnqnrrile:ilfifrqrxnruu-Grilu'[opr:6n nr:'[oi'irnr:uuvrirtri'iu:Jr;mrur.r-nqEUsi" q e6t
iln3r{n lilnn1ilu9l t1{1 a to
lJ. Uqr.:Tru
2.
a/SFt. zun Ltru
9t. LLny {.
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n. LnfioLLi r. urtu n. nnTern(tl(u
1. 9t. LLny a. 2. n. {. LLnr a.
.1. nro oyfiTu o. Tilrduturir rd oet
3. n. 1. o. uny .1. 4. n. 1J. Ft. lLnr
'[n rfi u il 6[ o r,b'[#in'[u a ?'r EJ i
a.
ilrrar 4fi zo fiinraEJ Tr .F1.2ss1
t42
04 ?neno'rasr{ ttvi
raurvi 12
A u d d au v tt a a a t v I lrl
38. n1:il9t?nsutlnsn1;il9r6trTil[1'1flfl.]n1uilFr?''lilt14tJ0u14T0ttanqtl.]nuou'].t [T
aur6draaaej,u{s1. t14il0ilnil L?,tilsql.tntilunlTil9rttauqu09rtfl']flT1{n1utlr.tCIq09'1l{tTat:FlA u t d dt y 6l v, y
^u - & t e X t2. lfiil0unu rv{T'rv9r1{nr:J%n'rTnTs9rl*t14T1{n']uflT't.t4eJq3Jnufluilln0q1urT0tTnuACtdatAudrAaAY3. 9t1{nU t?,t:'ts?osl*tilun']Til9rttountQu fl?l{sTtjuJl{n1Tilottoilqil09t[1'tflfl.Jn1uu A dr A a A t Au Ct d
^ Y tt4. gl1{RU [TtT'ts?Ft9tr1{t1JilnlTflOttoU0U09l fl?1,l6trTilt]J1An1:il91tto1,[9t[0ltt?J',]fl:'t.1R'lU
gg. doto'ls,itrinr::Jiuer-rnn"ucinnmst6rutorirtn'lu tdt pH lJo.rt6oqnqn{{uqiJ1. 00T1n1Tn1U t0 tlr,lillru
2. nlTl-u u* oannrrkrfiudu
3. ermruqiu co, tott6oorfiruduaaaga94. 9?TUfl',tTtfiltfl0.ttflutn0quo{nRRTrqil
$q
o iU qq U Vl d S f t 6'u lrl e v i ,q+0.lunufi'loi'fusr:'lryurlud' n']:flnluilonTqta r IilrnnnTqEJr{flnauos[erl,{n.].r.ruyroun{:rJ ATpq.lllu
&irvt.t14ilon tilLann
q
1.42.83.384.76
+ t . Rr fi rita uolr,i'riatq fi fi er m ui r ril ud a nr : un n u:J 6 Er u uri'slu#qr {n. nr:ul,rd r. ruri.:ur.: unsfifirrflundu n. rrynii'rfiorfiaoruert t. frIruInnfiu
1. n. ttne fl. 2. fi. un3.l. 3. n. 1. ttnu n. 4. lJ. Ft. unr.:.
+2. n q 6 n::ru uu ui u4 fi n d'qi o rfl o rla,i il utu #q {d ri r ra uotf'rioto
n. uR r. I:J:6aoi' n. nuaud'ruuu {. n:seiru
1. n. 2. "t). 3. 1. ltdt n. 4. n. une.:.
43. ilnliruti'.ttut"nt**rfinfr'.:qY.:arnfiuua.:orfiqf uns nl{nnkirorufiuurun.:fifi::Jdr.:n"n:*rus,u
o & a a e 6l o un n1 u 9.h1 Fr 0 1 l q q n:Til1 0 L9r gt't 3J n1 qu
1. orientation, habituation 2. orientation, conditioning
3. conditioning, learning behavior 4. learning behavior, trial and error
'[a rfi s il 6{ a t,ttri'intr,ra ?1 il i
ir,ulari{d zo fiumaN y{ .Fr.2ss1
143
04 ?nsrflran{ t tvir4%1Yr 13
-t
++. fotonnd'0.:.u
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uA&n.',f, rur ut ot tdu'[u:J:s nrnfi o nn:vsi'u .r rfi udurd an?l il r[:{T o{RlTn:raury{ ru1r1.rEq.t6 q | | & tv y t 6.1. n?1ilt:? tl.[R1:fl.]nTvttflilTsfl'lYt$u0 UnUTil'tqt6{utiruFlufjnnr.:lo.: utonsoil
1. n. $ne fl. 2. n. t[n! {. 3. n. 1. unr n. 4. n. fl. n. unr .:.
45. "Rr:unfia'[:J:]qriqfi'lsiuuturarir" fiiiroTuuaqnr:nffirfiqduq:.:ri'ufotoc
A s -. ,2/ X U v v e & an. il?fiu{ 1J. Rnliltuotttjl* n. tflfll.liln{ {. ffilo.] 0. nnrrutuano
1. n. -+ 9t.+ fl. -) 0. 2. R. -+.1. -) 9t. + o.
3. n.+1.-)n.+.1.-+0. 4. R.-+{.+n.-)fl.-)0.
+0. riotq'ldr-rnoi'ortfrurfiurrnd'f,uvi-ufunc:vusrrnrro{nlrflirtturuu:cfr-urosrunTuf{ q --''-'-c- --d.'''q
a v uy ^-_-___ 61,1 t e & a1. oqoflT't{ tganoqr?n1 2. rtnn'lri (ovum) nirrflur]nroouq - '-"'t -' q
3. Innriua6:susfind.:afrtduun16ou 4. IoIo'lrcfl':suyfiaareir.:duvrn16ouq -- --- .t
+2. ur r n eido aofTru urfi qtq rfii ill#ud ra fi .: fi n::ffi fi rJru rart ilrer fl o er
1. prolactin 2. progesterone- ,. u"'aoor""",n 4. oxytocin
+ g. i n r fi ut o r fi u r rio.: n-u n r :in :*r e ru o n r o.r r v o-r..r un n 16 u ru tuir r n r u l u :s ric q--AAAAAAAAAA1. ?atiluct 2. ?et'lilt*a 3. 1qrilu6 +. iqrfruro
+g. foton n d'o r rfi urrY:.rln:r nir l o sqr o ru.u
.davuedr&f&f,qe^aAau1. uoTfior'u.lun1:0orscrult{R{{'rur0.rosElorurilutu1[olt-ufr-lnn'frrrerfftsfinqfiiln".l{ru
fl{flo'uqudt6.Afe2. inrtairnlofqfinttr[qr:tairtornorunu'irorqoilil:ynouoi'ruT:J:qou 6rfinn:ou rlny
u?9tT0l.tadu3. o rnn a:0ilgr? urnr o{m qrnrfi q ay o rituo 05fi qi'nfi fi :rJdr.: rilun:.:nn ruqq ill .u
oasjqrvvdrtu4. 0'tu?u0 tn nqr0uytnu [uua ngTsqtun n.:.:ruil rir tyirnu
'[ n rfr s EJ 6[ a %'Lri'in'Lu a ?1 il i
ir+ua'rifi zo fir,rerail y{ .Fr.2ss1
144
04 iyrEJ'lrfran{ t tvi14%1Yl 14
50. rrq x trne tlgr y finn-.:.:rulooanlutrfufr-.]dqq
X: 0.584, 1.823, 2.751, 11.584, 14.837, 18.384, 23.302, 27.466, 31.905, 38.464, 42.661,
201 .283, 222.327
0.596 , 1 .152, 4.91 g, 6.490, 8.1 50 , 10.502, 12.330,
63.341, 70.061, 78.801, 86.376, 94.0, 104.9, 111.6,
1.687, 3.381 , 6.057, B .414, 11.029, 15 .171, 17.974,
Y:
Z:
14.213, 1g.1gg, 20.391 , 57.056,
494.91, 527.79
92.047, 106 .443
g/ 5l c,/
lJ O Lqnnq 0.1(u
1 . rlq x o dtuH Ll rd u? n-u IArl 4s2 3d 1
qql$
2. r'lq y odtueluLdurrYu tKrl ss2 5ptqqJ
3. nr:6'q 6ut6lfinarot,tu 0.1 x *3 6o [He] 2s2 2pu
4. flgtTljO.l6['lTil:rnOUTyl4'j'r.r Dlgt y LLny D'tgt$9q
Az 9t0YrZ
s t . dato riJunr:r:Jiru rfi uu eruuffi qi1.r 1 I o.rl''r q4 n d'or
1. 1l.l',r9t8snail : F) O) S )Se
2. turenlooou : p3-) st-> K* > Mgt*
3. lryn-r.:ru'looa'lurq#u : Br ) Kr > Rb > K
4. tntoonfiuqfutollnHy: Ni (c zoo)r* > Mos, ) Na3p > Ni (c o)+
52. ornaruubro{nr::J:snouqir.: 1 firitauolri'ar::J:snautqfifiTfl:rafr.rriluuuuTn:.:riru
Tsrrrrnuqi'
mrilTynou QOHn0ilLHn? ('C)q
n'lr*llrntrXtr9./
nlTnrnl trir
A 3730 rirtrnl fl rtd'rililt't y u'1.: fi gr r.r 1*nvnr u
B 838 rirtrnhilr 'Lrinyn'l u
D 2740 1*r;rtrnlfilr kinrnl u
E 1540 rirtrnhXlr t*nrnl u
A ttnv D 3. B LLNY D
la ufr u er 6r a lt'[#in'Lr+a ?1 il ;
4.2.1. A LLNY E
ir,trar 4fr zo #urrail il .Fr.2ss1
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1.
2.
3.
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09t t9t09tfl 0.1 T, il91'.lf,.]n',1'lQo L9l09l1J 0.1 M 2qL(llq
nr::J:rnouoon'Ltd'to.: O olafigor;rilu Q4 o6Hto Q4 o,o$
Tru rnn n BT o uiluk rnTl nIer?l Lnurfiilei fi;f?
s4.Iru rnn nriotq fi:ilirt sirol:JornIru Lnn n6uq$q
1. BCt 3
2. PCt 3
3. HCHO 4, SO,
s5. r''rer M. o. R rns T finr:6'q6ur6rfinn:ouEi{uaqttuqr:r.: oontrd'to',:morto firfionrnruriTqqe q - A 'i a a v aY ^ dt a
un? 0r hifl'r:fl sn''r uyi fl'ril1:n til n uilflnrvcrlrinqilfl01nflu't t.tulljufl uor.l
M 2,4 R 2,8,6
o 2,8, 8, 1 T 2,8, 8,2
A-l1. M NU R 2. R rTuo 3. orYu r 4. M n"'u r
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2.
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3.E
ArAdilFt't oLnnnro L%n1ae6il'lnn'ir J
rns c rijurrqnrluR#uq
mrilrvnouoonlrd- Do, t*jnrn1 ,ti',A aJ' dVl 6l IA fifstfi'LooolrLunin'ir B
*
r'1aq
A B D E G J
tnfl 0ra 0 3.J 9 11 14 27 30 35
'[ a rfr er a.r a a ut#inlu sr m ar i
aJ d A et-/
?%[6{1T1't 20 fi%?1AEJ y{ .G7.2551
146
04 imenc[16[a{ 1tvi
14%1?1 16
aot6lg6ld,tyAb /. [0T 0 a n6tr tgtTulJ 0.] tnu s lun o Lo n erruo gyt go
1. NH4VO3 2. NarMnOo 3. KrCrrO, 4. FerO,
se. turJfifi3u'1 KMnoo + H2c2o4 + Hzsor + K2so4 + coz + Hzo + Mnso+ Hrnilrnr:ncnluKMnoo fl?liltliilliil 0.100 mot/dm3 :J?rurqr:10.00cm' rutir:Jfiffiutnlu H2c2o4 0.450 nie.r fi
'QvensnruotjLuat:nsnru H2so4 rriLrriu 0.500 mor/dm' :-J?rurn: 10.00 cm' rio'[onnru
u aa 6tr raaa Xa q
1. A?TO?StlffJfln:u'tlrfi0 H2c2o4
2. n'rrri't14uqililrru1u:1fi neu.Aa, H2so4
3. :JfifiSurfrrirtvirfiqosnaufrrruryeioun#n 0.1s n;iliu
4. :Jfrffiurdvirlrilfiqlo*ldu es.o"'' d l atm rrnu 20.0oc
sg. rfiofrsl:flsnlu AgNorn?lillflilliil 0.50 mor/dm3 rir:Jfrfi3u1n-:Jtr1Tnsn1u Fect3 n?lelniilliuo.2o mot/dm'riotonn
1. AgNo, 3.00 cm3 rir:Jfifi3urylodn-:..1 Fect., 7.50 cm3
2. d'rrugru AgNo, 1.00 cm' n-u Fect 3 2.oo"r, ostfionynou o.osz nin9qv a a v3. n't[5 Fects illnlflilT.to osrnqnsnoltililn 0.36 nfiJo']fl AgNo, 5.00 cm3
4. d'rr'.rsru AgNo, 2.00 cm' n-u F"ct3 5.00 "r' ovloirr:nsnrufirndocrnol:d'oqj o.ro mot/dm3
oo. riotoneil?nn(i'o.itfiooqu6ooiln6tatar: A fl'rr B ltns m: c rvirrYu 30, 60 ttny 56oc nrruiiro-:..rj
^ a i<,1. m 4o"c ilfl'tryirilura{riln? 1 uilet
2. fior*ranfi zsoc n,ero-u'loro\:fl'rr n qirn'j'rnrrruqiunlo'o.:fl-rr cqqJA - .: , @ !l -4 | a a a3. nnrrruoudrnirorrruou'[a ru oo16oo:JnG mr B oyfioq16ooarn.ir:Jn6oaAtt&aa4. ntquuT{9t.:o9tTsfii.t.: lrutn1nro.:ar:m.:aretrflo6a er: B > fl.tT c > fl.tT A.lt q
4.oi61. tfro*1ttfl"n c, H 2 rLRv c zH u firarinrvirniu u::1lutroruloryirnTil osrfiqr{nodrtl:q
1 . ttfl flil.1flo.rfr fl?'tud'uuvirri'u
2. uri'nvit 610.: fi truruTt LnTl n ryirrTu
3. Ft?'tilgt"utur?ourra c ,H z il'lnn'jrn?1ruo"utu?J?gturro c r.H u
4. drurulru Lnnn c ,H a ru''rnn'irdru':uTru rnT]ntutrqurro c ,H z
'[ a rfr EJ il d a r,r'[#in'[r,t n m ar i
t47
04 imenrrran{ tilurar{fi zo f;'lnraal y{ .Fr.2ss1 e,/ At4%11't 17
62. nr:rfio:JfiffiurrerfitfioHd.r vru'jtlryn-r.:lrrrro*.roion"'u sr:r{fiqnirxvi unrnr:rf.:d'ouriru#uoi'AttvaSoutud,aaauo'l[Yl'lRU 80, 170 ttns 290 ntnon ntil6i'tou o.:firilngtrtto.:nn.ltrurionruruugito.::Jfrff3ur
l:Jrir ua rir unv:J fr fi3 ur flo un fi'u ril ufi fi Tr p n,u
1. 90 2. 120 3. 150 4. 210
63. nr:oGur u flq o-u fi fi ru n si o o"'qr:r nr:rfi q :J fi fi3 ur Ei o'[:J fl n n oior fi riodiuv a taaa & u y e & e a e d
n . 0 qt lt R't r rR gt tJ fl n : u't I un u n ?'l ri rt il tr ur a.: nt :n { qt u un s r{ d n n il'yt
fl. nr:t6rurututvrnfirirurfiordr:Jfrfi3ur nu'jrulrnfiriruosrirtv{lrn-.1.:rnr?nno.::Jfiffiurnon.r
n. nr:tfiruqrura4fiei.:nrntv{o"m:rro.:vrt::Jfiffiurgonrrruiouurn;:Jfifisurnrrunmruiourniuduq(ll&{osdAalutvAA6tlA{. n'l:nlaqt[0nn0a0n00n01nnTslLfltn0o [un:J w:rilnrilffiiltturronnaaoei [ut6oqa.l
-&.u0 9t:'t RlTn't 0 9t 0 g fl.]1 u
1.12.23.34.4
O+. rJfrfi3ur Hz(g) + tz(g) s 2Ht(s) fioilnnfi +oo ole'lrrnrfiun nr fir:Jair6urf'nr:utu,jae6t
unRq?lyt'lRu 20 nln{nfltjonfl0T0[o111. 64 2. 3. 81 4.64 81
,iOs. eirnr.:finruonlo.::Jfrffitr zruo1g) + o z (g)
-=
2No, (g) ryirn-:..r 1 x 1012
,iraaalriror{frsilqnro.:rJfrfl5ur No(s) + ; o, (n) --- , s No 2 (s) rvirriurvirterqw2
1. 1x106 2. 0.5x1012 3. 2x10t2 4. 1x102a
66. mrntnrlrirlrr,,laifitqtiurornrnfiouundou B* unrLLfldau eoH rfior6run:on.r1:Jrfin#ororotjrutdt
rfrqnr:rilfi uurr:Jn.: pn tilrurnriluril:rsrnnterq
1. s.rirrJfrffiurrTun:ofirfirulsi'rnfio eH. 2. H* rir:Jfiffiurri'u oH- rfiqrilil BoH
3. aoH rirrJfrffiurri'u n.'[d' a* n-uti"r 4. aoH rir:Jfrfi3lrn-l n. 1q''aH*n-uli..l
oz. ri'rnr:'[rtn:nt:radoil NHooH oi'run:quri Hcr fifiomrurriruriurvirriu ovrfior.rnodrtl:dvr
1 . rfi o'Ln rn:qrtrjtd'erdo"doo o.r1q El6 pH oyrJ'rnn-jr ros K bqq!
2. rir.: fi nr:nynl u Lij%fl^l ur,rl oi6 oil n-.lat na q u 6qqiAe./r3. ?lQglusl pH 1,[0Un?1 7qq
9va'/4. Onn.l 1, 2 LLny 3(u
1 n rfr Er Er 6il a r,t'[#in'lua ?1 il #
iurar 4fr zo 6''lnraEJ v{ .Fr.2ss1
148
04 imurnrasr{ t tvi14%11't 18
68. fl'r:dsn'ru A ttnr a fiqi, pn tvitn-u 3 ufls o nrildrql-u o"q:rciruomlrfruriutal oH-'[u
fl'rrfl rfl 'r u R qi o errr ru rriruriut o.r on -lusr:nrnr u B rilurvirto
1. 1:2 2. log3:logO 3. 1,000:1 4. 1:1,000
o e I u 6au a j" 6lvo.: ot a :r nr n r ru rio o g-z r o r n eir sh uSoh 6'uil r q :gr ufi ri ta uotri'
i,^-- tr,^-n:.rilfln:u1 E'(V) ni{:Jflri:uT E"(V)
Mg'* +2e-)Mg2r
Al -' + 3e -)Al
2HrO + 2e- -+H2 +
1-L
Zn-- +2e-)Zn)t
Fe - +2e 9Fe
sn 4* + 2e +sn2*
)t
Ni -' + 2e +Ni)-tPb- +2e +Pb
-2.38
-1.66
2CH- -0.83
-0.76
-0.41
-0.40
-0.14
-0.1 3
LrFe- +3e +Fe
)-SOo'- + 4H
+ + 2e -+H 2 SO : + HzO
)tCu- +2e JCU?r -r'lFe- +e +Fe
Ag*+e iAg
O z* 4H* + 4e +2H, O
H rO, + 2H* + 2e- +2H, O
Cl , +2e- +2Cl-
-0.04
0.20
0.34
0.77
0.80
1.23
1.77
1.36
6e. ilfrfi3urturiotq rfiq Lo.rtd'
1. As(s) I ng .
t"q) ll pb 2* (aq) | nolsy
2. Ni(s) I 'li
'. ("q) ll At 3* (aq) | nllsy
3. pt(s) I sn
o* ("q) I sn 2*
tuq)ll cu 2* (aq)l culsy
4. pt(s) I cr , (g) I ct - (aq) ll Fe2* (aq), Fe 3* (aq) | etlsy
zo. riotonnoi'orqt
o a d f aa Y ^ o Vl f AY i1. nlTyll0[nn tfl:nsffiJ0.]1.[1tnounfl La lqTrolrytll? ua luoe u Ae a v 6tcrl a a E<, & 12. TuTol,tfl.tnyfl o? u t{1{ 039t 0{ [T tnils L.]14uTflilr'[il1t1? ttn [m 9lqq
3. nr:rir.:ruro.:ruugrqoitrwsiru'[Tluns:J:ro'[rr.l o-eriiurtnd'ri'nrrfinq
T ^ 4 T--- - q 1L4. ttURlnilrm0{ttql.]UTflmf'00n01nlnil3t.|flillj0.] Cu, Zn, Fe, Ag lUfl'l:nsn1Uoi?r,m Fe'*
[[ag zn 2+
ln rfr Er N 6r a %'[#in'[r,ta ?1 il i
v dA a,l
?%[6[1:1't 20 fi%?1AEJ T{,G1.2551
t49
04 inslrc[16{a{ 1g,/ j
r4%1Y1 19
7 1 . nr:fl 0.,: ri'unr:ru nio ut o rTn r r si ohj dn n d'a.r fi rioIrU
n. o sTu'lo".f'rilunr:ru fi rr or rn fi nd'r u o n fi rfi u ru o o n'[roi' (Ar 2 o 3 )
r. nr::ruairrflunr:yirt#firuafinr:Jduurfluar::J:snou Feo(oH) d.:fifirhqrneir!a-.--!^.^^S^-1i-.r-q--.-i-- , ut s dr v alt <Aan. n'lTt{n Mq fl UYl0 Lilnnmt{ J [glulotnqnlTn]nTou tO tl lT1s Mg tilUgl?00nfi-tqfiytonit re{"q
uav6taAA^uvAdtvuaafa.1. fl{nsflil.lnn{n1tljl.[tnnnm[nn0Utl?O?Ufl.:nsfl tilUn1:il0.]nUnr:tnOAflruutuuuer[rGn
q
1. 4 2.3
T4.riotoeirufiaqlilryuu tupAc td'nnoi'o.:il
1. 2-methyl-3-pentyne
3. 1,6-dimethylcyclohexene
T s . fl't r Fi t q'[ ei u fl ul o I s u il o i6.,: n]"'t,r L L fl y rTu(U
1. ethylether rYu butanol
3. formaldehyde Tt-u formic acid
4. 1
2-ethyl-5-methyl h exa n e
3,5-dimethylpentanoic acid
pentanal ri'U pentanone
ethyl acetate ri'u propyl formate
3.2
22. ror6o.ruri'rtdt#[uri'0.::Jfrffinr:nr.:imursrnoiciruilrnrufiqrduornuri'.:rfioter
1 . ruri'rIryortn af
13. rioto fio
9,, T T AA 9/ A ar2. Un? LL Lrfin rnn 3. LLrl?n5msrn 4. uri'rIo:J o n
ATA
f,aTtFtulj 0.1 LSO1 LtoTFt0 NarCO , 2. o.rri'rJrrn 0uH#nt 0.r!1161ilrrei-d o LriLLFrnlryd'
tunr:1zu'rLnfi 0urflr'rffnfinr:ufiru Kro rfiiot#1fiqfi
mrill o nrl? uijunr:il:y n o u rJ:r rn ntallter n ot:si-
1.
3.
4.
2.
4.
2.
4.
- A taAA I Vl ,XT G. ff orril'1il il fi3ur si o'L:-l fi
Ethylene + HrO
B + KrCrrO,
D+HrO
B+C
9,/ 5l
rio'LoflTilr{nnnqio.rq$
1. 6il'lT E 6O ethylbutanoate
3. ileifr.,:ri-#uro{fl'tr B 6o(u
tul
ntnun, n2t71 >
ntnuri ,
ntnuri ,
ntnuri ,
B
C
B + butanoic acid
t
o@
@
@
tdA
14 uFl'tTU 01,[n(U
2.
4.
nsr:IrurnTln?Jo{6r'tr D 6o cuH ,ro,ilfr fiSurOuny @ 6 o:Jfr fiSurtaTorfifn
1 n rfr s s,r 6[ o r+'L#in'Lr,uq m il i
inrar{{d zo #urraru y{ .Ft. zss1
150
04 imsrrtran{ t tvi14%'lY1 20
zz. riato rfi o o r n :J fi fi i ur n o 6 r a.r on[: rryt.ud r.: rfi o or n u o fi r r o {rfl o 6 u "1
al/l a Vl 5' af adf . ilon l?ilnflno [Tgt 2. ],{0n til:i',tRu
3. nofis'lqriu 4. nofifluanrr{o{rurn6'lad'
7 8. n n-.:.: r uer r r ru f o uo r n n r : r zu r nln
riri r ufi ut fi q'[ o fi ri r s.{ s er.u9a Ul d Ul 6 A e a aq1. nn tu9 2. ttol,lytT't tugt 3. y{q 4. 6ruuflilufl
.u
-v6leA-79. lJ0Fl?lil lqnnq0.]tnU?flU Melamine.it
1. Metamine tilul:J:6uursitd':J:slumit*14 2. Metamine l*tril:.ndu udfr r'r orioi":u,u
aa^i3. Metamine 60zu.:vlnrnfrnrfronfr.t 4. lio 2 Ltnc 3
eo. foto ril ilo?'r tJ rq n qir r:yn'jr.:'[t fiu 6aty un vri'r nTu loiryl,t@au,.iu,Y-aa
1 . lfl ul,[il Fr?',] il [tJ 0 il9? fl.]n?1*1 il1* 0.1 u0 014 R 0 tJ tfi n? R{R?'tlitodu,j-i 7-aaJ2. t1 tJU8J Ft?'t tJ lil 0 il 0? qtln?1u'] il1+ 0.0 ilo qn n 0 il [14 d? gt''ln?'t
14@aj-,7-aa3. LlJlJ1{uFt?','lil0ilA?fl.tn?1illilil 0.tu0qfin0il[nn?fl{n?'tvl s A i - ,i ' Y - a a- J
'4. tfl ill.uto?'l il a il 0? c{1n?'] il1 ilu 0.1 u0 9n n a il tH nt Ennl't
e t . fotq fi r**l rri.r r. rll rn n n rd ur r,* rti.r qn nll rn n n ei rvir riu9tru
1. glucose, cellobiose, maltose, ribose
2. glucose, lactase, amylase, maltose
3. cellulose, amylase, maltose, glucose
4. lactose, galatose, B-galactosidase, sucrose
82. n1n n si o.rtri'rn fi o ufiduniurd u{ fd fi fllufi? il u'r u qi'r u ffsr:r uTr er..: fie)
iltq'lilinnoi'0.] tfi urri'u Lnamrn[dlJ 0 Ft?',] (Uq9'/ I
1 . .t 1 ual n Ltr.t il fr fi3 ur sr-.r il1 n fi n :v vir rTu n si o.: fr ei r uil uu r nv a.t fry r | 6! X2. iln{{'t1,[9f n u Ll,[run?.11J 0.tnn 0{ 1ililfl1,[
r.rli'{n ru qfr n:vvirri'l n sio.: fr eir lijue{uri(u
4. .:1t,rfil#[unrrn'lnn 6i0.] fiei'r rijuu?n
ln rfi EJ il 6[ a lt'L#in'[r,r a ?1 ilr i
7
ilrrar{{d zo #lnrnil fl .F1. zssl
151
04 inEnrrlan{ t tyj?r%1Yt 21
^^ ---.- d AAL u e v v A A i^ s vt83. :nuilqtrurqRfrurrunu:a:l::yrnnndo nnrotnrurrn'r:nyT.:eo.:rerffoufi6orYu'lrj
96lvflan?lil tonnn0.l
.u
1 . :n uud'fi nr:r:J6 uurr:J nrIil riluel-rl rl.rnfi soq
2. :n u::m n fi nr:r:J fi u urr:J n rTru rru uqr-ll ilr n fi eclqq
3. :n yrt: no.: fi nr:r:l fi u uu:J n rTr rr uETru rvir niulll rlil v l/l rq d u A -4. U 0 n til [o tl,{T'ty tljTfi?'] u tT?n n.] n1T51+1J o{Tn il{ fl 0.1 n uqt
84. n:{nne.JsTurracfl:{nnrunnr.:firurnrrnviflfiryirri'u ri'r:lcioui'nnyr".:no.:tri'nfirTqu'lrilnn.l
u&aeaaq Avt&a,u01RCl']ilUillJ0{1r,1illAU.]y.lT0ilnU ?An[O0tn.]91l*n'l.llj0.1y,llAt0U.lR0Unil
.t
1. Yt:\:nnilnn?n 2. yt:.:nntqiu-&Aetyvvnra3. ?Anm.Jflo{n{q1iln1.:?.tT0tjRlt 4. 10iln liltltu{lt0
85. onulfltfisruonontmoon'l:JsirrorrrurTr ro rruo:fiurfi lufie oo" n-ufi'u6u fioqs.]serro.rnl:ru (U ct ---i cJ rAATut.dsi,aa
[n n oilyr tru]J tlr{:toR tr n fl n:Jt fl elru't o erm ru ui'l n uil qt:qi 01 uryt(U
2. 5\6 3.0
eo. tfiaqnnruroro{vi'rtornfirTnntilu s ryirroriefiInn rirnmruli.:ro{oRn'ru1a,drou.rlo,,roqllq
Triruriert o rlnn rilufi rvirr oreir s
oo^ss1.
34916
82. flilR'r:nr:rndoudrruuarSruofinadr.ljrura.:r-orqrad.:6 a xQ)= l0sin(a/) o.rntj.r rx rrnr'lofiq
tuvdtuvdn1il n{{1utIn u [n1nu yt n.].1'11*0 nu
^daAaAa41. 0 ?u'tYt 2. 0.25 1u'wi 3. O.SO lUryr 4. r.oo Turfr
ge. finflurrrri'rurind': zzo firoiu tdrfionlunoufifinmruul? 80 riln: unsfir#urirerurinfllt 14.0qt
A A y a a I e a u Xqiindtilet: thtfranEoooR 2.0 lilor a.:ilrririloetn'ntorrfronrei'ufi"lurar.iru fire]Ttairiln:2
1. 0.5 x 108 2. 1.0 x 108 3. 2.0 x 10t 4. 7.0 x 10s
'[a rfr EJ il 6[ o u'[#Yn'[uor rr a.r i
1. 5 4. 10
inuar{fd zo #ueraar r{ .Ft. zss1
152
04 inerlflran{ t tyj?r%1Yt 22
89. ri'r oi'o{nrrLLll?t,rfl'l u il? a 4 fiInniruy a./ q/, Vl etl e/ A A
ilr H unr o.: f,lr u'Ld"Ln d'r6 u r fi no
9.,/ xe y et o.t fi o rfi 0 n rfi oto6 r o y 6r't il1Tn yr uiu
9./
d'.::rjrir t oir.: fi(u
AVle/1. T1,b9t A ?1%LLT.] Lq fiA Vl e,,/2. T1,[9t B rl,bLtT.t Lq 25
AVle/3. T1,b9t C ?ll,[LtT.t Lq 34
4. rfro D ytt*ur{td' 50
A a'/
1,[?a1,[
a a-/
1,[?9%
A a-/
1,[? 9t1.[
A a./
1,[? o1.[
i . X A io90. nsio.lil?n m ?'l.ll.t.l0uul,[T,nlLou.t?t?t'tillJ e rTuul,b?Trl,blu
$q
TvH'j'r.r n sio.:rTu fliufr oi'r rvirter
eir #er :J :y Rrr flur.r rA u q il'r unfi sr
1. Lrs - mg sinO 2. Lr s - tan 0 3. l"l s ) mg sinO 4. lrs ) tan e
gt. urn:Jciounnuoflil':n too niru ornfis.: 1.2s rruo: nu'irnRuonnrs?rufiluuii'rn:rrruduqt ,u qt
fl.r 0.8 relqr tunr:n:syrufi'uk,rruuqr-Lmo.:nnuonr:16uul:JfifiInnil-rruq:fiurfi'.u ,u
1 . -0.1 2, 0.45 3. 0.9 4. 0.1
6l v aX A tu vgz. orn::J :suu:J:vnousi'ru n:suonflutlnrnRflu 3 trg nrr"[uu::ooYrurorrnn? r.Jyruyrl4u'tqrgriuqt.u,uqq6f,Aal
Ta.tn:vuonsutiJu zR , 3A uns A firfirurn Mt,Mz ud! M3?1{orjuunnnuro.:uqinrrqro u u - aY v r rA a , aql3.ln1au n18nfluiln0uil1t't14uRtu't3J1nuns tililttr.]tflu9t?1'11,[:rfi?1.]ti?lo.lRTyu0Rfluuns.u{caJ
ai,qvv6tflnSU rfio:suuoti'lusnrrsaruon n:rruarulnruf:ru'jr.l Mr,M2 Lrnr rr,r, ri.lu'[:Jnrildoter
1. M1:Mz:Ms
2. 2Mr : Mz - 3Ms
M, M^3. I - z:M^
23r4. M1 * Me :M2
AlArvadaff [n nfru fi errr ru u ur rrr.iuit'l nin f 1n3a enr ru ri r.:'ir rnr r ) ryir n-u s 0 n lrfl .] u,u
,t , ,6t Y - a . i o, a , ,usio uun r rlyr { I n n y0 il 0 u h*il't ot { ltfl o.t [u::J o I nr ir tn5a.:t{ n:J5.: o s eir uqir'[o'fr frr srr.liillU
Lilarnt,tlfi 2 )
2.24. 20
'[n rfr FJ E r 6{ o u'L#in'Luor m a,r #
"fa
.f
d1
M
93. uvi.:Tnilva.J? n 2
Vl q,/u L raL? nu 01T.16[1JT.1
(ririlr,lotd' s - 1o
1. 0
3. 16
{PS+*ro is rt rmru@
_fo, tfit rrctred
7
iuuar{{d zo frumail y.r .Fr.2ss1
153
04 inr:rrrran{ t tt/ j14%1Yt 23
94. ri'i otulln fit o.r ufi'flrfi udueln uG ru 3 lvir LLnrfl?'r roi'urfi udu oq(U,i
avL:Jn uuhJ lijufi lyirt 0.t1,tn-.1.1'lt,rR't utuu6e.l
1 . L?l't Lgtlt
1. Po) P1 )P,3. P,)Pr)Po
2. Po)P, )P.l
4, P,, )Po)P,
uyir l^1 fr'.:.]'l %R'l utulj 0.1 LLti'fl
/4. 12 ryir
120 LqfrLUn
tofrLUn
30
2. 3 ryir 3. 4 t?l'l
95. orn::Jroro:Jn:n[riudoirurirr riotquno{nmr#rulnr-uf,':sn'ir.:n':rruoi'u e., , p2 uns po
( er m ru d'uu rr u'r n 1 fl ) r r*r fi vi'r n 1 Tili u ftt d'n n qi'o .rU
go. T:.:.:ruqqmnn::iltuvitradr rir#rlrur{iaurinornrS:inrin6nuri'ntufiqr:r so urm qio r nnursrriq uq ql .u
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1. 33,000 2. 70,000 3. 600,000 4. 660,000
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A t ts I u3. RT;onUU tJfi?'ltjU't?lilnfl r?]1nu zo ttuqrtruo:.u
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1. 0.67 2. 1.5 3.2 4. 3
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203.102.1. 25
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t dv A 6t
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1. r.tq:dfin?lilfi 1oo Hz
2. turnasfi v(t) : Vm ovfrtr;lq I i (t) I - 0
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Cr
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Surari{d zo #lreraru r{ .Gr.2ss1
156
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Lt%'lYl 26
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Liln uil.l?un? nqt
1. 2,5 2. 150
1
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3. 86,400 4. 540,000
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I':nri'floutd'oircr'roi'rnn-tri'o.o * to-'ooa-iurfi unsrurn6tfinm:ou e.0 x 10-3r fiInniruy
1. 0.27 2. 0.49 3. 2.5 4. 99
t tz. ri.r6rfinorousr-?r4droi'runmrusir.rd'nri rz hnoi' rrirtua;noru'laTq:routuoolurdu R'r:tnx o4v vrr
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(flrnuo0t0r0il ta lortaililv{n{{1ufln1usv,lutfl1nu -1 3.6 0tnnarou [?nqr)
1, n = 1 2. n=2 3. n= 512 4. n=3
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157
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1. 2.7 x 10-22 on$
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(v)
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U ' trtsi e U, d4. uJfl',ltJlTnU0n [qtu0.101n10iln liltltu.]1t0at
ttz. ncjruorror.rto'luo-n::rfidr3ud*n.orr{uoannrrurrnrfiotfiu 18:00 ra. rorri#trnEr turirrq - -- '-- ---d
nn1.t t6 ouf,'u?'tgtu
1. nsiruql?T'lfrftuq
3. nairuqt?T'tfrrTufq
1 19. a1nrild"rusir.: riotqfi er(u
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3. turd ouf,u':rn ru d:r rnernrrdnTnntqios 6ru urir flo giou614A4. tr*to a ililu'r o ru il:l tvt etvrr.rdnlnntsio s rfi uox or fi q EiduTo Er do illil mrrtsl
ln rfr s il 6r o r,tt#intua?"r il i
2.
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158
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119. nl.rrynr.r uacrfiu.:'[nrifinv6go 13o so' rilfio unc 1Bo 40'rnfio nrruiiroir leirlou:Jxrurru;cril
omrHfiofiri#.rrnErtu16urtrarirfiuujirurfiuurYufifi#rrnetun:rrmn.rrfiuriluorir.:'[:,u .tl q
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3. aein.:n'irad 4o s0' 4. oda.:n'irari 4o g0''u
ru ,u ru.u (u
******8*****
ln rfr s ar 6r a r,tt#in'[un ?1 il {
tzo. ehniunr:ilciauururuairornrsdt*.rndulnn o.:nlirru.ur.unron"ourutusitornlflltng
rd'orvrfirorfirirrvirrYuriotoloutdngnr:orlin:ilrurruusTudt t, trfli vs 6o rurnunr
onrrur5riln''ronrord'rr*fi.rqril6irei'u, v* fio orrrt5rilnluro.tu'rulluettornrg
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ua )
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t$nt ?mEJ'lfl1agr{ t 159 ei'rrinigT nr:'[n ufr s a,r
rilns irr inslr[16[a{ r
aoufit
1) 10.00
5) e00.00
e) 210.52
13) 5
17) 3.8 ks
jaown2
2) 4.00
6) 0 .012 mol/dm3. ,10) 16.00
14) 1.e1
18) 1
3) 2. 1o niar
7) 0.12
11) 0.5
15) 25
1e) 30
nn(U
3cm
4) trifisiraou
8) 4.00
12) 680 s
16) 56.03
20) 2
1) 3
7)2
13) 3
1e) 3
25) 3
31) 4
37) 3
43) 2
4e) 3
55) 1
61) 3
67) 3
73) 3
7e) 4
85) 1
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104) 4
110) 3
116) 2
2)2 3)4
8)2 e) 1
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20) 1 21) 2
26) 1 27) 2
32) 1 33) 3
38) 3 3e) 3
44) 2 45) 4
50) 3 51) 2
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62) 1 63) 1
68) 4 6e) 3
74) 3 75) 3
80) 3 81) 1
86) 4 87) 2
e2) 3 e3) 3
e8) 2 ee) 2
105) 3 106) 2
111) 1 112) 2
117) 2 118) 4
4)4
10) 2
16) 1
22) 4
28) 4
34) 1
40) 1
46) 3
52) 2
58) 1
64) 1
70) 4
76) 2
82) 1
88) 3
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100) 2
107) 2
113) 4
11e) 3
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5)2
11) 1
17) 2
23) 1
2e) 2
35) 4
41) 1
47) 4
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5e) 3
65) 1
71) 4
77) 4
83) 3
8e) 2
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101) 1
108) 2
114) 1
120) 4
6)1
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18) 4
24) 4
30) 4
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42) 2
48) 1
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60) 4
66) 3
72) 2
78) 2
84) 2
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102) 3
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rang iYru'lc['lagr{ t 160 rir ri'n i rr nr :'[ n ufr s sr
iuer:rs#frocfou irr inslc['r6[a 4 t
aaufi 1
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il{n{{'llAU0U (sub shell) 9.11.[
h=1
n=2
n=3
ft=4
n=5
n=6
fi=7
-64p
65p
)6op
sd'o,.
4d'o ., " 4f 'o
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att\//,/
Ailto1Tnt1
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cyAJA
9l.l1,[A da t A v v g'a A dx rutnT8J?n 127 LLn3il1,[?ATOU 74 tL6[9t.]?'t X ilflqnnuilU?LFtnuT
Lnflil?n flrJ:orou + firor:ou;
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2.
3.
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O.l 1,[1,b
vt
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vt
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t+aY'' ilAr,'lqYil
q
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q
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22e
24e
36e
33e
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@nrrrrri
Id
1 e LOU?
j= 6 e tOU?
j= 3 e tOU?3d'o@>fTfll
o Ad 4io1}t?1talnnnra?btotJ'tr?El = 1+6+3 = 10
Note :d a
yq aru 24 6 o Cr osfrnr:d'o 6ur e sirrorn:JnfiI','l9t?1il Ln? 0lq
1 n rfi EJ EJ 6[ a lt'[#in'[r,uor ?1 ru i
rilns insldlasr{ t 161 eirrlnirrnr:-ta rfiEril
ila z noil 4.oo
r:Irunud (Resonancel 6o rJ:rngnr:nlfifl1:fl'ril1Tnrfiuuger:Io:lnir.r'[sTraflluttuuA A ! ^6
q vtflot0rnnt:tn6i0uYl10.J0[nnqT0ulultl1.[DsTefi?'1.]0t910ll (delocalization)
-veli.:fu v,lonunlqrtooou 6a pol- srilr:ntfi uuan:Tn:.:eirtlsi'er1d
lrrl a.'/
?to 3 aou 2.16 nril^
J yr 0..r Lro..r n rtus'rrn y n1 u En ur o #Lu t er Ter rdruriu ud u u:J fr ni ur d'{ flLAt
Cu(s) + 2AsNo3 (ac) + Cu(No s)z(aq) + 2As(s)
ra'rIru n 6['lr =0.635 1x 25
[.-[.-l' = ^ L"-Fl' =-^ [.{-l' - [.i-l'
63.5
= 0.01 mol
0.01 mol Cu
6[flTn1:H'rIrun6['tr n= g ov'Ld'0.02 =$MW
\
1 000
0.025 mol
- & 7 - y ^ a & u Aao y A t 4 + cq.luun1Tn1il't14un Ag 9t0.1o9tnililo''rRfl']Tq{qunel0'11.t?uuau?1flo [qutil0Fr9tYluu01nvt^iqaru:J:v'eimti[ufliln1T d'orfiorfiuuorn Cu 1o.ot tiounil 0.025 )
alnil frniurrir.: si'u lmol Cu = 2 mol Ag
0.02 mol Ag
vl e./ Y a/0y LO 1,b'lfi1tnTO.'.l Ag = 0.02 x 108 = 2.16 g
=
g
108
v it ra o ! I i u. e t A <'%a 4 lilNa1aou (r1*0.]01nil?nliltnnn (MW) nnl [9t u0un?1mn?Tas[]J1*)
Tovrriuon t. u1flnil fi c, H, o = 64.9, 13.5 unc zt.6 qrrrudrsi:r
2. :fr.rr;,rutiad y =12.06o:, orunnitzto,ormruo-u760 mmHg yru'irufin g.zo niru
ulsr?aTNrnqn
PV=
(1) (12) =
MW=
NRT
3.70x 0.082x 300
MW
7.585
o vlgt X- a/ r
01 [? : 6[AT1,[U.]AUil1,[?U1{rqt
Iqu P=atm n=molV = dmtnia L T = Kelvin
R = eirsr.:fit o{ $Ti'fl (o.oB2)
6l e/
LH
amalerranarilu}flru"ld' nr:r;riosn'irfinr:osuilu uqirarno;fior:rxrtririlul:J'lsi nr:aruru6t
rr,rw fi ri'r:J:sil'rtu 75.85
ln rfr s il 6{ a %'[#in'[ua?l il ;
-
tans ?nslrf'lasri t 162 itrrfinirrnr:-ta rfiEril
oi'.:#u Hrdrt+?uora oilmqtunr::hynouq
C:H:O64.9 13.5 21 .6
12
5.41
1
13.5
16
1.35
Ie.rnurffa s : mol'T?r.r
PV = nRT
(30X75) = n(0.082x2e8)
n = 30X75
(0.082)(2e8)
riruusr A = drurunnro.tuoanl,t(u(UtvaJvarr+% mol T?lJ = A (mol U0n0}[)
(U
1.35
1
Ie.rn urffatuu o n nlbudnvq n :
PV = nRT
(1X2.5) = n(0.082x2e8)
n=2.5(0.082)(2e8)
1.35
4
1.35
10
nn:odrriru = c4H1oo
nli'ru':uasnoilrT e'[unr::J:ynou 1 motq
(COHTOO)n = 75.85
(48+10*16)n = 75.85
n = 1.025N1
nr::J:snou 6o (c4H1oo)1 Toufr,irururrruunto"uo 1s ornaal tunr::J:snou
lr/?to 5 gtou 900.00 nn
Tonriuon 't. ufls n uns ufi'a r fi:J3rurrxryirfi'u = x mot
2. firufi'afituro zs.o 6o: , p =30.0 atm , T= 25 "c
Iovrrinrru dtutunnuoanu firrirurinl rfi*rtuuannurulo z.so60:, ptu::onnu= 1atm,T=298K
30x75
(0.082)(2e8)
( 2s \=A[*]
A = 30x75 = goonn2.5 q
'[ n rfr sJ E r 6[ o r,r'L#in'Lu or m eui
-
r6rarl inslgf'lasr{ t 163 ii'r rin i rr nr :-[ n rfi s a,r
ila 6 aou 0.012 mot/dm3. ,Tdloyrduon 1. A uns B rir:Jfrfi3urrYurfiqn'l:
2. n?1rurriruriuro.,tfl'l:A, B, D
Rate ?roirc{1? D ri'rGrurJfifi3urfr
D
i,uilor?n1ni'ru'l:J 100 r*rfr rilu -0.012 , -a.024, 0.01g mol/dm
A = 2.0 mol/dm3 ni'ru'lrj g urfi ua6o A ori o.so mor/dm3$
Ioyrrinr ru
vjFt?'riluu?t 100 ?urfr =
.'. fEr:reiru =
:J iu #ru rJ :v ayr i'tr;'u iJ ud'r ur u r 6 ru
2A+
tu*rud'ul
tr:Jduul
1urafr a1
e/Aaarlnr;rrio D
A
rate = - 0.012
rate = 1
q,t&a9t.11'[U 6riln1T Ft0
48
B(g)
1
-0.25
0.75
B ---) D
- 0.024 + 0.018
2g2
2c(g)
+0.50
0.50
0.50 <__a
2
-1 .44
0.56 2.16
Anr:oAt
2.16
3x600.012 mol/dm3.,
B 1.0 mol zudrilrYutunrtuvilSrurqr a dm3 ufiaudrainruqnerrfio C 0.50 mot9Jq
<- 3 min x 60 lrJiuHr.ir u L? nr LiJuiurfi ;
l)'/ga 7 aou 0.12
Toyrriuon 1. A 3.0 mol unv
mol tdu
mol r:Jduu
mol 6[uqnq
I\r
[nilqn]
ct/ &9l',lUl{
A(g)
3
-0.25
2.75
2.75
a
rc12v:rr
tAItBl
\.r!i---
0.75
Aa
/ r2r 0.50 \
[;J
alnflqr mol = CV(U
= 0.1212
Ir)(r)-[
n ufr s a,r a a u'L#in'[usr rr er i
rilns ivrsJlrf'lasr{ t 164 eirrinirrnr:-tn rfisilr
9v
?to I aou 4.00
Ioyrriuon 1. rfir v u,irrYu : 1 n:qluuTrdo = 2lrrduarruulsraer
2. Ka lJo{Rroruult6n = 5X1o-5
Tovrsinrru nreir ptt ?ro.:fl1:nsmueinroruuls6nn-uTnduiluuulsran 10 cm3
nlrruflilnrqruuTry6n (c6H5cooHl riuunfialryrduiluuuTqroer (c6H5cooNa;o;rfioriluti-&
fl1Tnrn1ilulltll0T n:o 9t.ll,tu
lHso*l = Kaffi -
Ionririrnuo [n:o1 = zlrndal
-q zln:q I= 5X10 "X '" 'Irn6o ]
= 1x 10-aM
nr:n:nrurilnlrv'tofd6.:fiei'r pH = !,
fro g grou 210.s2 cm3
Tovrciuon 1. H^So, 1.0 mol/dr3 'iruru 100 "r3
2. NaoH 1.0 mot/dm3 fiar:n;nrur6o:Juiaunc s Tquilrn
Iovrsinu NaoH nrnoarrfih
tfiatorn NaoH fi?.rr6o:Ju 5% unot'jt [NaoH] = 1 mot/dm3 'lrjhinmrurriruriurrr{03.:
rrfli NaoH fiurio3.:oi'athi6qorn?r16o:Ju dtfiqirrvirn-u 1 - 0.05 = 0.95 mot/dm3
o1nflilnlr H2SO4(aq) * 2NaOH(aq)
-
NarSO4(aq)*ZUrO1l.1-&O{1*1* 2 mo(H2SOa = mol NaOH
2(1)(100) = (0.e5) vV = 21O.52 cm3
ria to oou i6.oo
:Jfifi3ur Reduction : MnoJ + 2H2o + 3e- --*
Mno, * 4oH- (x2)
:Jflffiur oxidation : 52- + S+2e (x3)
rJfiffim Redox : 2Mno o + +u ,o * gs 2- 2wne, + BoH- + 3s
iln:ril:J:co = (-2)+ Q + (-6) + o + G8) + o = -16 lotou'hi6orertolnrurr,luv;
ln rfr er er d a r,t'[#in'[un ?1 s,r i
-
r$ag imsJ'rrf'lasr{ t 165 eiT ri'nigr nl:'[a rfr g a.r
lv?to 11 nau 0.5
Iovrsiuon' 1. q?{orfiqf fr rurn#oun'j'r en?qn:$ 4 uvi'r ( Mar
2. o?.,1orfi Erf fi u#uniruqurinnr.:#oun'ir ol?qnd$
Fr ?'r tJ H 1.['r ttdut 0.r or1? q n :$ ufl u fr ryi'rt o { or ?.] or fi q f
aln6[aT(U
= 4 Morm)
2 uvir ( Ror = 2 Rorr )
Toyr fnrru
mO=,V LLN3 V
4?- -nt-
3
43- nt"3L--m2
R3
M
0.5
dn'l?qnu
AGi'Fl?\tO'lYlFlU
Pr
Pz
:
mlo43- nT,3r
4M
-
t
(2R)',
4MR3
-:SMR'
(1)
(2)
ila 12 aou 68os
LHjLc
Ll'l
fior:rxr m2
Irf
ltlQ'lTtU'l m1
ITF-fF-80
ma
ffiz?z
(20)(4)
80N
ma
ffit&r
100(6)
680N
1 n rfi s il a a %'[#in'[r,ro er a.r i
[6[ner ?ng1c['lagr{ t 166etT ri'nirr nr:'[n 16 s sJ
lv?to 13 aou s
9r,/
?ro 14 aau 1.91
a=?td'c.M. LiJulerns{r,t
IVtm?u = Innnril
t(2) - N(1)
2f=mgf=10N
2m
rrdFl ?'l u LT.l flflil EJ n n1.1
$fl
LL?ll.[Ft'l
v'\r(z,rtr)'
r
4n2 f2 r
a1n IP-fl.
10 =na"
ma
ma
2a
5m/s2
ac :
:
4=f-
=
4nz f ' (1oo)
1
* Hz (rounr,l1fi)
1 x 6o Toufit,r'rfr
1Oru
1.91 Tount+'tfi
ln rfr s ru a o u'l#intuer er e,r i
r6bns inslrf'ran{ t t67 etr rln ?sr nr ;'[ n ufi s e.r
9'/
?to 15 aau 25
Tovrriuan 1. Hfloqttfiril1? 20 ssl. , frllyr.rariroTo 10 q:.ryil.
Tovrrinrru
z. dorurdsr#uqi':serrrrufi soo rEqr:d , nmrurirrfis.:luornrerr*rriu = gso rilq:fiurfie a I u' t e j i a v
a0'0 [ailu'ln{ [:J 0 u't{ila un nu.{il. masyl'l tfl o [fl u.:o.1
Fl ?'r rJ u'l ? 1J o.t yi o :J n I ufl q fi sr il 1 Tn r fi q n r : #uvi'o .,:td' 6 a3)" 51,
a-a-, 4 , 4 , ......
alnV
f350
s00
= 0.7m = 70 cm
- 17.5 cm (oi'o.tt14fionrmsJf,{rvi'rAtoarrfiorfiu.r)(u
I4
T
431"
4 - 52.5 cm -+
17.Scm
t#Lritqi rn:ry rfiusrlril u'r?yi o
9Yr
Ft?'t lJ fl.:lta.tf1fi 16 ru =(u
9'/ I.'. rjSrurnrro.:*rfir6ru =
=
20-17.5 = 2,5
1^t.?1. x $.1
(10) (2.5)
25 cm3
ln rfr s il 6t a ?r'[#intr,ra ?1 il i
rilas imslF['lasr{ I 168 rirrlnimnr:'[nrfrsa,r
tv?to 16 aou
Toyrsiu on 1 .
Iovrrinrru
56.03
ri'ouonfirflurum= 500g frT= g2T "c rortrJdu*fin v-1000nu.$il..ul
ud'riJq eJr 1'[rioi'or nutnR'rtruy rnyzuriJofi uiluauru)
frr=27oc
,ti'l;u)^ aa v i '
q 3iz. onfirfiurufoururn rfiaqirunrlurirfiqnna4fi 27 rfionr:nrtnrrruiou 1onfirfiurunruaeY
a fuil R lJ floYl"t ult 0.1lt'lq{q
*nn?1ilH1.['rud% 1 g/cm39v
r;r looo cm3 firurn looo g
+
IQnru
ffirc,Al(s00x0.9x327 -T)
T
rQ;u
m2crLT,
1000(4.2)(T - 27)
56.03 o c
tv?to 17 aou 3.9 kg
Ioyrciu on
Iovrrin'rru
1. uuvitTnHvil?n 2 Kg fiermrurirrdlLtnt'ty = 2.5
z, finrnoi Hrin 1 Kg tddlt':' 2 Kg ( g =
tr#oeirueirtdrvitlr ( = rurnTnHy + rJ?**', +
9,/ r A a/ Y 9/ Vl r o 6t 1y ,j r
n1ilU? U Lfi il 0UnU?l.]6[0.]1J'.l.1 L3.lO'l tlJl,[gt0.l til n UUUU? U
l a r l:J us r ut{n-u r', #o m:J3.: u n y qi ru n .rhjtufi n r n o {9'/
I
10 m/s' fi?'tlJnu'ttttiuta.:rfr 1000 Kg / mt )A(
rurnilnrno:;
rjienn:sasrird rrft u : rjtr.no'r:iglna
.Y t lr)
rdfi a ufi'u rj?m a :?l a o rir ufi at fi u
14't rJ? n1Jo.llirfi ufi il
M-pV
- (1000X0.8 x 10* )
m' - 0.8 kg
= ru?nTnra s +il?afinrnai+ il?df1firfia,l
= 2+1+0.8 = 3.8 kg
]
rir{srnmde,nirqq
Hr:J3rurn:TnHs
V=mp
2
-
2.5 x 10'
= 0.8 x 10-3
'. t'l?AT?il|
AAofltlruutJ
IU
500g 327oC
1 n rfr s a,r a a ll'[fin'[r,l er rr e,r #
7
rang ins1fl'lan{ t 169 ei'r rln ? gr n r :'[ a rfr EJ fri
lv?to 18 aou
Tovr fu on
Iovrrinr ru
lv?lo 19 aou 30
R2 lJl,['ll,[ R. -+ t
J R,,
R23
= 3000 O
R:rru -
H't I T?il Aln
1
E-9.oTrnq{', R1 =Rz-Rs= 3 kO
fi'rlrla'rqnry urnbnl ( I ) idt, n riru R2
3 + 1.5
11+33
1.5 kf)4.5 kO
1.5Kn I- VR
_ 9 = 2x10-3A4s00
fior;rxr
Vo"
*Sense
AB
- Io"Ro" ,
= (2 110-3 X 1500)
= 3 V
R rvir riun;r LLfl uu nlH n ryi'r ri'u
llu'tt,t V rvirri'u
Vo" - IrR,
3 - Ir(3000)
12-1mA
V - I(R, +R-)
1 = 20x10-r0 (20000 + R,")
R* = 30000 O
_ 30kO
-[
a rfr sr il a a lr'[fin'[r,ror er ar i
fdac-!?oFrtJ L9t0T
tiln gJ il'r u'r F['l agr{ t 170 riT rlnirr nr:-[a rfi er s,r
1r,/
?lo 20 aou 2
AAnrT.:fr?sr (T)
tiu169
dFt0
ja/AAL? n1n51q fln1U9t? tfin 0nT.]
q
A 5l e,/
HTo Lrf 6retr N(u
12 fuNo16^
: : : )rt 13 -O
2i 'r
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q
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rriu ':-nnrnuriliofifroyuiletoacryl:il11in{r,rdurdolfiftue{flodosyirhi'fiunT x.il'qrouq
ila 2 - nr:t:JdEJuunutiln#isrnnr:d'ufioruraruu (Nose piece) d.rrfluddo6oro.rrnud
rio s- nr:r:l6uudrfi'{TUrsJTo.:tnuflndfqrn 'lei'irrilueiorrdourrviu'lrrfnnn.]Rrir4rllro'ruililuqqii
rdour:Jd uurnufr uns:JiudrJ utJiuo.'*nsr6 uq ryirliuq
ila + - nr:lfrnuitlnri'ierrtdrfi'{rru to0 ryi'r oseiarnuqd"rnTun.:uun:confloralnd'rdoujdsJuriro-sfiq
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{ q
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lv?to 2
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q
aou9/
1J0 1
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Gentriote lilft rfi a#a.l rasilu rilnrg'lurun dfi'sriq
a i e,,l
Lysosome fi rfi ttu LLnyT'tu til?,t'tyturryn d'fr'qr{A i y U u&q dv d da
Golgibody il tu 04il LLnsT,lu Lqil.t llrrsnn6rqi LLnyLsnnfiT
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7
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rJ:rngnr:nferamo (bottleneck effect)rdufln0n1Ttrtoo?r?o rno01n
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s. rod (Family) 6.6{na (Genus) z. aiJfid (Species)
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nr:aeur{uf,lor#q{ilrunsfirurtrfio nr:tfvrirrurn:odrrlilri'rurir riolri'rfionrrslnniau ilruurrunfi:* ei.:runqu I o
' 'l , : e o q ea d t
o0n1:rilnuuuila.:vr1{qqn'tdBnefl.ttt?oa0il Yl1 tu[non']'ttJtflufi'tuo0n11il14n1nfinluyt1.ttTTilT't0ltil1[0u'l.]tJ1n
'[n rfr u EJ 6[ a lt'[#in'[r,ror ?1 E r i
rilaer ?mslrrlasr{ t 173 drrinirrnr:'[n rfisJEr
ty lv?ta 11 stou uo 1 200
ornnr:cirurfiuor-rorjr.r o er{.r'ld'eirradurvirrTu't0 + 6 + 13 + 5 + 3 + 11 = 48 ; 48t6= 8 d'uq
aleunsornnr:trfn:auuu'iruru:J:ssrnrr%'rq 2x2 lr.rgrr 6tf irururafisryirn-u g qiulu4 Err.rilar- Z q a. eo"rriulu 100 Etr.rilqt orii'ilruruurflrerr uyirriu (100 x g) I 4 = zoo oiu
e v & ^ ie;, ! e rra 12 gtou ?to 4 nud'usoodr.lfrriju*rufloaeironre:
luToru1uo:1 :1-4r.[orrrilurtqfifinquurrriauri'i{ul?ulu oqfaurirt#uq frntrnrcrdrt6oq q rq ---'- J --'
dusoo6ufioqidrornfieGuduur+aobjocfiueTarijurirufioocirosnrr nilolry,ruyrl.rErourufiaqq
A I a A A A u € u ty a A t y 61 9T0'0vr?U0tilTn"r[141.[0 t[n;ur:[5u flulrrunsflqli0lfluauilaurlro :J5il1ruilul{auilrn luqofoudrr
#u r riru{tdnaAuocn;nrsrei,fitr..nti.triarrur:n6rur.irua.:'[:J1ud'urirufillffi.:virrun-.ooqiuufirGu.u
rir1fr:Jgnfir'ld1u:rar#ug firfinuosrilunrntrioanun;'[fvjru unssr-riluRrfi6iEr;furir rriu'[aunuq
ila tg srau ria 3 Rlenciuaan
lu:J:srmfl'lnsr:JrGud'uilunldtunrnqrsfuoon - nc{r*oanrdlr.itd' lurtnfinr-ofuiluiqau6i'r.:$ngq
oflo ttnvR'rntsi nrntoiErouoir.:oY.rulei6'.:nr-ouor:sir::il:1t Eri.r nrtrj :JrGurmnutsi'lunrnrrafio unsilrA e llr4 u A Aou un{y{u to tun'tnqs?u0 an lfl u.: t14u0
tYttAA.lt
Tla 14 aau ?ro 2 Nrld,rlfisoilosian1:6t5'106t1:a1il17t v ct - .l aa.o--!-4- , y gy y v v l. d . dausn'tr{tilun']:T?uo?nusa.:ri.:iJri1qm.:fr9ttngflEriuufouuunu [oufrarudrsrrai{16ue?l$1o
a ia Irffnfi6sn'i1 susrtrytnSi lzooxanthettae) riluoodrJ:cnoudrfrrg'lu nr:airoarilr:Iosrn.l:v d e av e ^6tit [o t1 914 u6{it flT'].1 6t6tu un g fl T1.: 14 1.[:J U
Iouiln6:Jvnli.:ossrilr:n:liuqr-'rlrairirrTuRrrrroflaru'lsifi.l:so-uorunnfia.:aolunrrsrJnG rdrti-,qg{q
-- .-y-- 4 a i a a i , v dmstafoufiu sttryiltmaffosqru tiioryurudErrufrroJil:cnrfifioc6onr uas:J*nrilfiriou "1 Erru'l:Jq i f r s3alufr ao [o EJ:J:rnnnr:nifi rTun'ir ":Jsnri{y'lonmr"
qd
6'o#udonurjcnrioldl*ti.dt rilr1c surr+r?rn6 sioot#uaotunrr*lorn:rcrdorur:
z?o 1s nau zio z 'luTn:rolru i u a ad aa , q , A _ X?00nrlilla:tou 0''lrlu0fluYlit]tlnsuunfit5sJur{n6iil lunr:rjasenruilrnfraqoi{fr
1. nlrcrn'tuI:J:6u (Proteolysis) ToEr*unfi6su1rn6iil riioR.:fifiiqqrun.iJ:J:6ulurdorfloos
anrurilu Peptide uns Amino acid orili{rEiu
2. Amino acid nnfldlurilu$oilIiltfiu (Ammonification) IosJuunfirisrncgfiuniriur.:neiru'qc
1 . nr:afrttutor:v{ lruitritication;
- uuofiGEt Nitrosomoras r:JdsJuuoruTrurfisJrilululn:?i
'[a rfr s il 6[ o ?r'lfinlr,ra ?1 il i
rilner imulgf1asr{ t 174 dr rfin irr nr ;'tn ufr er a.r
- uunfi6 ?r Nitrobacter r:Jfisuluto:yiriluturo:vr
2. r:Jduutilro:mrfluuoruIrurfisruta'luto:ri lnitrate reduction) Iosruofi6unnruncjnq
3. nr:airllulartou (Denitrification) lfiuntriranrurfiqr:l6uulutEr:yruiluri"rq'luTe:rou
rnu Thiobaciltus , Micrococcus
o. nr:or€rlulo:rau (Nitrogen fixation) Xfiuvririur.:ilrnu:JdErufl'rstulo:rouriluarr:J:vn o u'[u1e:rou'[ei Io r ravrr; Rh i zobi u m lu:J ru:'rn d"r
dtr do t rnc g tdo6uiliririoun'ir i6,fi'n:'lulo:rou 6o ldnfiuntrirftoriounnruv{oedoia
unsnr{u oulufi tuasffo{fi qrr srtil rfi o r:Jfi Eruriluarrofiuvririsi o'[:J
fia q - r-no-n::rorrirtiltd'oduvriI.i urittoi'2 n:clrunr: 6a&C
1. short cycte triufiurrTuRtfifiiornu rilunr::vuauorori.u.onsrn fitouH6ioti.dr*16, €, , * 'X a X Yrrl , a
Ln o nl::? il sr? rljl.lrrJlN o n fl .: tJ1 [:J ut l l{11't fl v{ uo u v{ l{u'] lfi n flil 3 [n 0 n
2. Long cycte rfiu'lri'uA.:fifiin IostSilornfirgloriruirl:Jvrrrrrnud"ro",ori,rrrnnrrilrn,u
lu :rlvrtr'loti'rfillfi'e.n'r:rars'[o :srilutil:rilfiu'lorirtuo'rnrfl nd''ruriluril,il riluiluqrnnrrurdn
v9rTa te nou rTa t nracil:?sr
nrr cil:Ro 6 o nre cfi dh smdo'trirj:cTssfuci 6 n dh s?rdo 16l s rJ :cTerrf
unnruu'jr 6Ern'[ei"jrriluun:J:Rm rilufioGunn{ruunfifinqGn::rukjafrti.:ro.: uoios'[rJm.:trjq
A- A u r, 4yr t e s ar l4, X I qe r- I ' t v uu,ylT.:1J 0{un ouLtn?tJn 0 u [141r{ a uililn t0114{T.:v{n [1ufls tn u\:odn 0 0u tfi [o uyt1t 0 [[tJ 1ril11o.]T.t-trimil1Tn
r/ty, d ^ j tq v e et j
' ^ s J A -Ltunuuc [o?-rildnunTuo0t{T?tJ0u [ur.to?u tttJ?1$.J0dnun:JTflatoitutqrl tgrTutSou g un;onur*no.:qI .u ,i,t
v a , lil r ! ! AX f acv o clyr t e - Xililosilfi?'tiluan01.t ttJ01nil a ![[lilnntflu\:o [our:Tilt1srn u.io.lfl'u4uo tfil^i01,[n[[riuntorto,:f.:tdutg, o J, y , l,l r I a u q 6r e v r r
0nun:JTdqila0 [il t1JlJ0.:unuTdoilna;illn00nlililgr?R0ildnuntdttto.::t Ltnc&tuoylirnru-Lrjla.:uniu ,u
Iuto1fla.:T{auniloRll 14Ton'tdnunTina0nt:Juqt't1t:0ilnu nnunil:flaniln0cfitntunnunt{rlo.tf.touT e 6l e u a a^ i , a o $ao i , ^14lJO LO Un'l:O1{ [140nn{ il10'lnT.: [6f UT? El nlTTtnn1,{n:JTfl91fl',]illTntirnr:il'La{ nr:franunrl:REt-n----Atr, 4 'fl1il',]:nil'lnlTu to ru0{01n?111.[1qo?dnun:JTdaIn0uytn5uo03tl?Jlt''lo tuqn?']nnunudrg0.ofr
lA 17 AOU ?lO 2 pollen grain
- Pollen grain 6o nsoo{l:il riJurrynd-fi:J:snouei"]u z firrnfisn 6o tube nucteus (n) unr
generative nucleus (n) firrodusdosurj.: mitosis t:JriJu 2 sperm nucleus iio'ir pollen grain dc.tflu male gametophyte soofir
Male gametophyte 6o fislu:sErsfiairlrtod'fiuuTuf Tou gametophyte rolfisqsfrdruruIn:k:Imr rvirrTu n rncos u:-i.{ mitosis rfi o eirl rrni{fiuriur{ tn)
'[n ufi EJ ilr 6[ o t,t'[#Yn'Lua ?'l E r {
7
ranEJ ?mEJ1F[1asr{ t 175 sitinirrnr:'tn rfrsilr
atru ria 1 3 Lrns 4 fiorn:r;eav)aeA,irio t - Anther 6a frunrootr:q {n) ffrfi rrniifiosrilfi uulil rilunsoo.iorinru'[uY dt <A a , 610 3 - Microspore (n) t:Jilt6fdnmtnq0lnn'l:ttu.lt{nn[[U]J meiosis fl0.1 microspore mother
A N_ .._!_ A v A a a a .4 ycell (2n) S{ microspore u0sttu.: mitosis t}tOaff.: pollen grain fr.rfr z frrtnrdln (tutio z1
v . .6r dA ,q A ,q'Ia 4 - Microspore mother cell (2n) t:Jil[Snnm0U !un{tTIu (Pollen sac) qi.:oft luoungoo.]t:tu
ttnsosttri.] meiosis '[oi' microspore (n) (lurio s)
r7o lA nau #o + ,irrjr n:so-.r.r1 att",u"toonfi fi raar sio'hituoantdsr rft o roiq riluarn osrilurunnairu d.:toiuri,ir:Jr n:so-r.:ri ^ & 6 su,qao:otuoT tfiolorzunfiuoqiriuiruruoonunri'rurui.:'Lrj"luuqinsqan uilrrflu 3 rfio 6o. A a A a ull 'u a q a v 6r j a t dve1. t{ntou? oa zudYllnoillolnT.][101.{[G]u1luo0n[dEJlnu oyrljuoonrdurnSooonriofr'loi'
e 6t , url ' t y t4 ' u A i ^ i , e a qn'lLiluoanla:.: t1?0.:ttonsoona0.: ltJunoilT?iln% zun[oUx?ltneotnqontdur tdu f,il ilstflo flnnarrJsrs [[a.]tfiooir.:1 eiruiraudurfirfiorurornoonria r:iu ilsrh{ rus:J:r.r
z. nr a neiru 6 o ru nfi rfi oornirlrjn ar rriitd nto n airn o.:ir'ldtuo an rd ur rTur o.: o o n rd sr9qu ll ' ct ' A I u A a, ati{'[s[[qincal,tosnnrutijupinriaEJilfl.:2o [ounnurunotoonffosnarurijuzunnaiilosriluoan 1 oonunsfiul,l ' v a a u ul4, t a ! - v u dr A:.1t1fifl1u0u lltll'].:Tl{otJu.lT.l lfl[[ans0uogi0onuttr.lururnouruu.:tfr0ru:rrunuonn'runiurijut{dtGu?
triu t{nfiosudr aot:otua{i urrsfioruri.rir'lrjtilogjii'ori'uuriu6.rfinrnrfinI uunR-rr rriu flnn:caYoorqJ
,iril ,irrjr Rlrcr.tn t,tilutl? rijud'u
3. zunr?il 6o ernfirfioornirtrjsotoanrdnsoonra.:oanrio drrfiol:rruriuuriu irhiuarirdoy-6r,Avdtj,nnruuijunndot I rfr oruTxilnuttduouoai'rurijur{d[6ux rriu runff:J:Js:o ruu
q
z7o tg qou fio s 'lalilnofin*.a cr ag X , .q.l X & a ^ r , jn?t1u?tll1{1lg[:lIdu{n ttntt0nocil'l[u[dil.:?u[ufr06f( Epigeal germination) [ou6truff.:on
aanornurufioriouda radicte ornutuo;o-uciruso.:ciroi'utdl:lrd'rJr (Hypocotyt) dururuaflo6urioufiosio
6 r u o r eir ul o.:'[u rd'Er r rrn s iir oi'u rm fi otr rd'u r ( E p i cotyt ; durur nr u ra ff.:
ohfu Tn ro air o fi In d fiudu6 u ri o u 6 o air oir+t dlu rfi'g o do ri s n'i1 faln n a fi a
'[n rfi sJ il 6{ o l,b'[#in'lu a ?1 il i
[{16r rJ ir'r rJlF['lasr{ t 176 iirrinirrnr:'[n rfisril
9./ 9r/
?lo 20 etou ?lo 1
An:oil1dn , PGA
NADP " , HrO
Q1nn1?-lfilU dark cycle lJo.lfig C4
A9,/ju5alsrufr (n) 6o Matic acid ernnlulflu
(?t) 6 o Ct]? LLnv (.t) 6 o Pvruvic acid
a,..Ydag/Hn{01n1,t1,[ 1 (cor) novnnat{qIr u RuBP
ufrqrflu (n) 6o Phosphoslvceric acid (PGA\
tr.l calvin's cycle
9./
?JO 21lr,/aou ?to 2
t. tu Lignt reaction ftuu[[fl.r I o;ri1uilao6rfinqr:ouultJ#t**rfi NADP.q
2. :suuuar t qslei'iu6rfinEr:ouduoln*u:Ju6t.t il
3. siru:vuuuar tt ovtoi'iudrfinn:ouduornrJfrfiSur Phototysis 6a nr:uqnr-.nr.rti.' uaslri'
6rfinqr:oudurri:cuurar tt unsl# H* uri NADp. rfiorilu NADpH + H.-&qsada-----+uq9lada!o0r+r,ra'rruorono:ou 6o NADP. rraconlfdrf;no:ou 6a ur
'[ n ufi u N 6[ o t,t'[ri'in'[u n ?1 EJ i
Q, V {i'F rdb
FSsflsstffir?J
raas iYrEJ'lG[1asr{ t 177 itrrfin?rrnr:'[n ufrsru
ila zz srou #a + nnfi ua"o"erru#arfind:cil'irodr6'ufieprfiIa'lnoirYun:oocfiI%
:ri'nr{uqn::ru (Genetic code) 6a droi'uto.:rufl 3 oirurarilfirilud'rdruuosfiosorn:oasfiiu dq
o vrirhjtrlunr : ff{ rn :r cdTrJ :6 r+
a dT U dda A- v du aT Anlquro.tu?ofr [a'[yroi fi60 dT o]ulo{ruflfl6rruT{1.[!'nuruoro.:nroosrJ [u g{ocriruuo'irrilun:gr
osfi lusfi oto lun:sur unr:u:J o:frns ot nr:dL: tn:r sd}l :6u
eteu #o 1 ,2 rtn& 3 fio tntrsv a lil 'ues, a &
fl A 1 - :14 flTl1{!'nTTil0{ til [O [Uiln']OUlJ 0.1 t1J ffiJ A{ U1,ty1.114 tl O
ila z - orn:io t :u-ar{ugn::ruhi1oi'riJufiu o-orfu nrrlfiormrunilrs'jr :u-an-uqn:mr 6ofiucq
rirraru od a eiuuTor:hTmr 6.:ki n noi'o r,u ,u
rio s- nlrrrfo{oansorfiuosuaoraonrurlu::Jgo.:TrJ:6ufifi'rrn:rsfoanrurteTdou.uwgdt It ca A'
rlJuroulgruil5oan:*rusvn.:l ruqnrrilvril:rn40onrr (Phenotype)qi
9 lr/ra 23 stou go 1 n. uac a.aai,^61O']R X fli A = 28o/o Un3 Y tJ A = 32 o/o [U0.]01nlj:tl'ltutud[U DNA
AlAa./YQviluTilllil1j0.t A- T 9t.1UU
T- 32To $nsil3illtullo.tG-coi'ruT-28%
=22o/o G = 18
c - 22% c-18%
a;rfloi'ir t. Ie.rra4aDNA?roo x 6irurcmnndr y (rio n)cc
2. :rfi'j'r.:rua c nnv c d.:riluruadaruriuriufuoirufiurclaTo:rou g rnrTursqt
:su'ir.: n ri'u t oso-ufiud'rufiuoctaTo:rou z n"uly
x dsfiil3s.l1ru?roir G uac c mnn'ir uacr{iailfi'%oirsfr'%scfiufiou:on'j'r
60fi qrun4filr,tnlrildor.rrraaraon'ir y lrio oy
la u8 u il 6[ a t,t'[#Yn'[ua ?1 s,r i
cya-/ a-/
O.1141,[
r6ras ?ms1r[1asri t 178 rtrrinirrnr;ln rfrs&r
9,/ 9r,/?o 24 aoil zla 4
o'rnlonTi- td'
1t8
C-qrrrjnficn'luooeAAAF,l-uttouatouAul.bLil
Vl tA A di - LililLtO1,[9tt0lAUlArilodt aT Vl 6tVl et/ t
LIJI,IO LlA Lril LO?'I
*""8 x
&
x'Y ii
BAAc,A| - lttLo1,[atol,[ B ul,ltilotn8qLt9t.t LLnr
nnt'l u oi'ortd'iu x' illa1 n $ri unytd'iu y$
yi r t r,i'yr 11 u 6 T ul yr :h o .r rni o r L n v u ei t d"i r r fJ u
a/ iA &aln a n t*ilylj 0.1 n n ?1 Ln q1 1,[(u
9,/ Vl q,/o/ d Yst'o.t'Lsiiu il u i u1 yl:orn ili o Lrn r uei
P x"Y loi
F1
Aq Ln 00 !Lgt.,l
Atn 0 q uo.l
A0r t1J EJlr
P
F1
x"x" roi
rrYil'1o'lnil a t?1'l%1,b LLny
roi orfiIon16r
%a/ Y aT
9t.t1,[1,[il 10n16[
1/+ = 118
_-__&_j- A, , a ta dt .a s jet.tilu lonr efr tnio unsueiosfr fi ri 16oe rfjuH ri rfi oqlo rfi ofi or:ul uanrs roi x
ufiqnnlei'rilt*fro, roi ,iilufiq:reiru r:z:r oi'.rriugnfiIonrnrilurdaora{Io rvirfiuru 9Iio
unsrfrofror:rurgj x"y * x"x" qnfrTon.rnuilu x"x" , x"x" , x"y rrnr xy.u tl
fio;'loignarrqr:Jn6 1u:Jn'jrrTr'[ri'[oi sior6qlrn.*n"0.lnHf.:unrrru 1 mtfru r,o-o rfu rfr a 6 o :r erTa nr a{do r"loi4 n are or il n G H ai rfi o oTo do ryir ryu Tn xsqr
lr,/
?to 25 aou 8-+5-+3+ 7+ 2
6o 2n-4 oyufru'irTcr:TruIryrufr
u u'l o1r o {Ter :TruIryru fi tri rvir ri'u
l)'/
?to 3
&
$,io* *r+
!\
??r#
I
FI(u2 Fi 6o 1.Fi AD(u(u
ufruld'uilud$
ln rfr s il 6[ a %'L#in'[r,ra ?1 N i
ffiri'u ad LLny B n-u b rato#'trnsr'[d'orn
raas inslsf1asr{ t t79 dT rinirrnr:'[arfisru
z 6a n =2 fiIn:Truitru z uvi.:uoc'lrild'riluririu riluusnd'r{nfi'ylffirfioornR'uaenr:$il.lqlq
meiosis
g 6o n = 2 frTerilruImr z urvirunr'lritoirilueinTu losrueinsuyi.:riifi z Io:rur6oql
uao.:'ir ril ursn ii'r{ n dfil fo. n:, o rR,u"qd Meiosis t ryir#uq
a 6o 2n = 4 tilu:csc Metaphase llo.r mitosis Tn:IilTsililn[yi.:6slrnartrryaii'q
s 6o 2n = 4 uiju:sus Anaphase t ovrfiu'irfinr:uunqito,: Homologous chromosome,u
o 6o 4n = 8 tilu:sss Anaphase 1r0r Mitosis finr:uunTfl:rur6ooon'l:J rirtd'fidruruso.:
In:IilIsilrfiirurflu z rvir
t 6a n = 2 tilu:cuc Metaphsae tt In:hlmrfirilu n'hifiqi ilr6sr{nnr{rsnd-,u
g 6o 2n = 4 tilu:vgv Prophase I orrfiu'irfinr:'i'rnorqr*'rraltorln:hlqilunyfinr:rrirri,u
10.1 Homologous chromosome
g 6a 2n = 4 rilu:crls Prophase sor Mitosis osrfiu'irftnr:'irao.:slrro.lgo.:In:hImrlilrdet
1'trifinr:ufifl)10 6a 2n = 4 rilurqadlu:sucrioufiocfinr:,iroo.rsr-rro.: (riouosrilu;rJfi sy
1'l 6o 2n = 4 tilu:cuc Metaphase t ocrfiu'irfinr:rrirqigorTqr:TruIryrurrnsilr6u.:nnrrrrynd'qt
1riu.:rilu$) o-orfutunr:afrrtqoii'fiuvlTurf'oiorairunr:urirrsnd'uuu Meiosis
a:rjloi'irq
ria t - fio rfloto'rn s 6o nnapnase I rrdc 6 6o nnaphase flo{ mitosis d.rtilld,j
Et0tu0{nu
ila z - fio tfio{orn 5 6a Anaphase I LLni t1 6a:cus Metaphase t drorqlo.rrfiedu
riou:cusfi s
#o g - rflr+nr:uriorgaduuu Meiosis 6s,oqrileird'uocironnsioo{ila q - rilr*nr:6ule{rql-uond'a.r ueirilunr:urirrsod'[uu Mitosis d.:'[rjnnoi'o.:qrrrufi9lg
Ioyrrinrru
tYltlltrdAra 26 nou flo I sTtllsiactNo 6a 1 ila (fruit) ,vCyad.aAa-cjovuu,?l'lx 1 $Jao [[?'loril na flatrl$n Garyopsis fr.:ilnn:*rucrorrrufrofr6orrr.lunurulfri.:'lr.i
(Pericarp) :J:ynouoireJ z ciru 6a
1. rnflu (Hull raio Hust; : rilueirufir{'ruzunrirrvrtrralot{ :J:cnouei'ru r:Jfrontrani rrjfronqoe&<a<AA
tdn nrr rhrruio uny nhu:o.rrrufro ffrurrfiorufionTu
2. rirrnd'o.r (caryopsis nia Brown rice) : :J:;nouEiru
- e.rritil'hj (ovary wall) fiftetrudou l g #u rfiorufionTuur.iu fifi'n:enrsuiju Roer
'[ a tfi sJ ilr 6[ o %'[#in'[r,ra ?1 il i
7
rilaEJ iyrulcf1asr{ t 180 et'r #n irr nr ;'[n ufi s a.r
- r:Jfionri'rurlfio (seed coat) fi z d'u filtfururnq
aleurone layer : rflu"futdr{'ru starchy endosperm ror'[{ fi protein "ournu.'ndrio
:J:rnoul:Jeiru oil, cellulose uns hemicelluloses
- Starchy endosperm : :J:cnouailgrrfl.: z gfio 6o Amylose uun; Amylopectin
- Embryo ratofi 6trn'jr oqnriT r fiI:J:6uuas'ltfiugr
lr/ 9/la 27 aou ?ro 2 180
tu:J:vmn:fioritu Haroy & Weinberg equilibrium orrrufilorduostrjuJficruu:Jn.:uf'jr, i - d A,qs A a , d, Aa t dtoril'tun generation nq1il lil0ll4Fr?']ilnfl0.tul,[[ou tilu p $asn?tilnUuclattilu q
ornTovrririrrauo'ir fiorurfionfirilun-nurusei'os 1% uuao.:'ir ourfianfi6Tulvrfluilu
homozygous genotype rrvrurirld'uilu 92 = 1 o/o = 0.01 d'trfu q = g.1
tuil:strn:vtttrauro..udtorfiureiu:rrud'uorrrrufisarfiuoi'aselar'loirilu 100 o/o
6o p*q=100%=1 t-otiu tdur:rueirqor'[d'ritp= 1-q = 1-0.1 = 0.9
,*r.'r*rriuuufirilu Heterozygous 6o zpq rvirn-u 2 x 0.9 x 0.1 = 0.18
tnrj:srrn:1,000 nlr 6oryirn'u 0.18x1,000 = 180 ar,r
lA 28 OAU ?,O 4 l4EJ1gtA?t 1=2n ?lEJ'luldfl 2=n
olnRln tflunrnuao.: Embryo sac lolfigt 6a e.rririlt:i (zn) z 6o Rntipodat ceil (n) 3 6o potar nuctei (2n)
+ 6a egg 1n; 5 6a Synergid celt (n)e e lt ,a
ruri.ri.:'trifio'jrtilu vegetative cell to.:fit ostilu 2n tutrusfirrynei'dadnrsJlui.:nlrivrs.]uilor.iru9t
nr:urjttrynei'uuu Meiosis 1a{ Megaspore mother cell (2n) toi Megaspore (n) unsttri{ Mitosis siodn
s uio toin{rurrnii-z lrnd' fifr e firrnfiuelu emuryo sac o1ruR'rv{q
o'orfr.l rrsingrsnd'6itflu n unt{u Potar nuctei rilurrynd'dftnr:uri.:firrndEra ucilil'lsiuri.rlryT4acrtA,aadlqilnrafiil Grrilu t rsndfifi z firrnfiua o-o'jrrilu 2n (n+n)
\
tr,.t6t&iafdra 29 oou ?ro 2 rEril'lc[fla6iFlrJryi1ltl[ frtiaaal:fln1r{ci
fietu 6o Epidermis rflurdarfiofirj:snouEirEr Epidermat cett dr'lrifionoT:narasi'
untiu rradqru dtr:Jfiuuu:Jn{illo'rn Epidermat cett ocrilursnd'fifinnaT:vrnreoi'q
ater+ r7o 1 ,3 un& 4 fior rnmc ila t - u-rrilufisildrudr fi:Jrntuodd'ruuufir'lu
rio g - rrynd'ilnrsad'sa.rrdoufiofirlu 'lrifinnoT:nnrad' q
.t
fia + - fitunrJnfirirutraqj fifir1umr'roYrucir.:rortu oirrfurur6rftrhnlu fifirtud'ruei'r.: ,d,n o nr:aru rdu dlmrr :Jrntu
la rfr sr ar 6r o ut#intr+n ?1 ar i
raas imslr[1asr{ t 181 eir rin irr nr :-ta u6 sr er
fro ao nau ?io + or{uouloaan'lsoi
firs{d fi 6m Bn a si o nr:it'u rsrmsrduao d a or{u ou'to o a n"lro{ 1cor1 d.r ril uforq Gufi oyn n
rirl:Jldtunr:airoirqrrn eftfiiiri'rfitloiiu co, *,lndu 6'o:rnr:#rro:rrfua.:osu.ndu usirfiofi.r:co-ueeAv
n'l'rilr{r,{u14ii.J uil'jrosrfiil co, ff'lrivirtri'o'qr:rnr:ffirn:rsfrarrfiruduuqiarir.:lcrq i dt o ia U , g q e,t v d ilutilryrn1$oon$Lol{uJunl6tryr?.tg !ilEro{n1Ttr tilnlrfl{[nr.rrfirrfl{ tua.:ornostiluqr-rl:J
virorrornoT:filnii' rirtri'rfior.lfiffiurfiriun'jr nr:nrulouat'loi usiloEr:Jn6il3rurrufi'rroan6uoulultrA ,i , au,, d a
01n1FI leriln1Tt:JnuuuUn{il1n o.] ttjfl.lt{fln:sytuEt0n'r:fl{tor]314t[6t.tt0{?\lTil1ntyr1iliil1il CO2
gA 31 SIOU flO 4 D, E, H, K
:r n g a.: ft tlu r6"u r rd ur 6 u r qr il dr ei'u or n d'r uuo n rrirl:J :J :; n o u oi': uct X A Y a eAa v u a Y a v d u 'a1. epidermis riluruatU0T1lil0ndo illsddyllTu.ta?nulilsj.]{1{t6iu'tttdsNu.:tgn6iur.l-[rjilnno
I:n nr aqi' ur.r rryn d-o v uJ6 rr uuil nrlil ril us u:rn
2. cortex tiluornntsEt:rra'jr.:fu epidermis [[ns stete rJ:snouoYrurdoufionrr:t6rur firirvA Y *' ' a r I r4 " v Z'qnrirfresnil*runsorur:tiludrutraqj Iou:rn cortex osrroun'jrtudrqlu 'ii'uluserso.r cortex oyrilu
rtnii'unrrdsnGun endodermis 1lu:rnfirturd'Errrdsrrorrfiuforou; cett tu#udriiofiorqrurnduorft
nr#onur un:rsftar:sruoiurato6fiuaverori rreiosfi?ir.:fifirrynd'ruri.:urrrrm:nod $nsodo:.:n-utturqJ.uqtqI/lAto{ tstdil trgn?'r passage cell
3. stele tfluuirrrufiorifioornfu enoooermis rrir'[:J vru'ir stete'lu:rnosuoundrtu cortexql
t e U ' -XuTsn 0uo't u'ugt'1.: 6J o{1{
3.1 pericycle rfllursnd't{#lur'oturotfinft t-z unrnurailrstu:rn riJuuuuaildrrfiorar:rn
tl1l{.J ( secondary root )
3.2 vascular bundle tJ:sn oueir sr xvlem o tiEr:{lonar{6sr riluLran lufi slu rd'urqiosfi----cphloem oii:sfi'jrt$an eiailltfiotd'otfroto?E vascular cambium frlr:sil'irt xvtem n-u phtoem rreilu
X i u,a a q X ,aolflurrGs'ros'lrjfi flnra.:v{s[:J[as{oila1u?uuan#ouil:sil'rru 1-o uan Ioururnrinfi + rran ciru:rn
^adlv^oro.rfirlurfiulrfiuafnf irururanilrnn'jr (rfiu to lu) \.t t* tiluuitrruo:.:nnr'r:rnniat#lugor:rn rfiutqi"i'oroutu:rnfirlurd'Er.:rdur 6iru
0 rdr ! i a , a c J"[ra qi riJurfi o rfi o nr r:t 6 rur eir u:r nfi r lil rfi EJ.: ri et:.: n nr I ru-n ril u xytem
v9ra 32 stou zo 1 A, F, t, J
ai r qiufi tlu rd'a.: $ 6 a.: or r ru ii r oiu o r n qir uu a n rrir'[:J lrtoll fi
1. Epidermis airulraqjorrrutfiu.: t #u frmr:vrrn6r6u rato wax rofiouoqloi'ruuon rdtq,
euaYXAau 0{nun1Tfltu tfl u1.[1 0 0n0'ln [u0 [u 0y{rgu
ln rfi s il 6rall'[#in'[na ?1 il i
7
tilns ?vrEJ'lr[1agri t 182 drrinirrnr:'ln ufisa.r
z. cortex airutHqiriJt,rLfrnd' patenchymadrrtd
H n? il tH UU0.1?'l.ITYH?'l { t$n n
nr utuolofi chloroplast
3. vascular bundle tudroi'ufrnlrroiru16ulsrtu:yus:JoeJnfids$
X i -. - a ,61 udatffotfio pntoem tuov xvtem tisJ.rerirunrEJilioo{luttur:-sfirGurfiu fi phtoem orjsiruuon xytem adoiru
tu fr vascular cambium ri'unnrt:sn'j1.1 xylem riu phloem
4. plttr :J:snoud'tu parenchyma cells tiluairulrn n'rulurqnd'orofi chtoroptast
t. firtuld'u.:qiiinrdohiiiolrJri'rn1 rrnii'oiruuonro.: cortex orarfio ceu differentiation.uc
nffut:Jrfluldorfioroirufi6ern'jr cork cambium tdlrari unsrfionr:uri.rrrnd'afrrcork dururriluetrura.:
r:J fi o nhi riu,.'r ri,l ul, r.r cortex un ; epidermts ra no o o nl:Jloi'
z. rfitiifirfio'lfiufr ctrura.:rdo'[f6o xytem fi:rruqr-rriuudu ruarrfiurilurril uri.:ufiatfikffI a X , uez riru6o n:yfirunsuuriutf airu phtoem os:riladluciruro.rrilfian'lri laart;
z7o gg srou zia s 'lrrailrYr.urnuurrYn fiaro Ty,lnraarrir.lu:n 6{raor:o6an
safranin o riludEiorufifiuillfEioil,.rritrsnd'rorR.:fifi?q Touf,sioilos6ofild'6ii6nfiuuuilrirusnd'-Ye'Ja^oayvo.:uulsddYt ilnnuufi 1{1 1 036ruo{ [1J 1t50 [0u
- Xylem TsutL!:n[[as:sucfiaa.: fie.rri.:rsnii'fitilusecondary cett watt 6a ftnr:ayarufinfiururn
, aunor:r6rur finr:asal6nfiufiruri.lrrynei' (cett watty
atru rio 1 ,2 udc 4 fio rr:rs
- fir lpitn; uflurdorfi o parenchyma d.:tritoifi nr:ayetfinfiufi ini.:rsod'€a-'Xi^),)- noinrrorrurfitru (cork cambium) rflurdordoroirg{iu:Jfiuuuiln.:rurorn parencnyma filnd
epidermis kifiAnfiu rutirnur , trnlruo{ rilu p"r-"n"nyma rfiond.: fifipi{rqad-rurrurn
- Phloem TsusttTnt{dflurorfinrfiuon-u yirld'floruftruo.rrfiutoi' uei:yusdao.:orufiururirA - 5il 16l e d avteytul{ToL01l t{dn tilil t14u0.J[14ufl [ou1nn?"t
9 t/ -9___--r a ynu-& o ty ty &ua 34 stoil flo r srruuuordal stlrlruE!0il%udcairslun{roiilr
rfia to ilfiud'rEronor!4.:uuoi'ulffir;Ersvir'rorndu6u 1 rruqr uirrn*rfuriluuirrr*roud.,d,(U
n''lxr (Zone of permanent tissue) d.:'hifinr:roirXluuur6r (Primary gromh) o-lriuuriostirutrj to il-.-r- -.-.,4 tvvlv X i ^ a ct X j
^ dasU0Yn{aUil9l'lttl4u.ltotl [[oo1.[ [u0sfl{11l Lilon01nUi[?ilU0oflf tilutfrottJoto5ilosii Primary growth
onoot?n1 rirlrir{ruuaoroSqardu6aul airufiaooir6J a{illasndrrrrfluudarfionl?: ftnr:roSrXtar
cambium liir'larilufittutfi'r.lqj o;fi cambium) afrr Xytem uac phtoem oon'l:Jd'rudr.: rfioriJuroiru
vrr'ld'rurir.: (secondary gromh) virtv{fitfir#udruqrueinnro,fiiudu ra3oii'ruduriuralq
'[ n rfi s EJ 6[ o %'[#inlua ?1 il #
dA a./ t 9/
LSn n tTU{ a? fl 01*1t1.1
viodrrfru.:il:ynoueYru
lansJ imslrf'rasr{ t 183 eir rin i rr n'r :'[ n ufr s, er
r7o ss nau ?io + [J$srarfiss,r
rio t - rnntdlrillutfiootiluot-rn::{ulunr:lrl6uu Thromboptastin dafrrrurornrd'orfiafirfio
uotaunvtnfiorfioo l#narsrilurau'lryf prot'nromuinase dosdrt:Jlflunr:snrEJeirsor prothrombin ld'n nr sJ rilu Th rombi n ei o'[:J 6.: rfi srdo.: fiu nr:rrfi r Eies o.: 16 o o
ilaz- iqrfiurnftnrrufrrilulunrtsfrtl:l:6ufitfiurrio.:ri'unr:rrfi.:Eirso.rrfrooornqr-u rriu
Prothrombin
ria e - Fibrinogen rilul:J:dufincnruoEiluufioo air.:ornCI-u d.rqia'liloyur:J:anrnrilu Fibrin
rfi o n n n:soi'ud'r EJ Th rombin uns Fi brin a sm uoi'r rilur#ulsfi t:Jil o uuru ntufi qo
ila + - I:JuqrardsJil'[rirfi urlioln-uRTyu?iln1:ufi.:qlrsorrdoo c
ga 36 srou ?,a 1 n. uac fl.Aao^c,.qcru
urfffiaruuGriJu diuretic osfirld'lo'lilfinr:glorirnffu 6rrfiornr:riu:Jsamclurl?rurrururn 1or:ldrru,u
tiu Antidiuretic hormone : ADH) fi ornr:dr,: rd u.tfi ufi qdu'[d' 6 o
' a'rn1r Hypokalemia 6o fiI:Juoardsril(K) non{ olriuer:'ld'i:trl"l:dfi r oo.u
rriu nd'ru dru ruohiso r'inao
' o1n1r Hyponatremia 6o urnejld'orrfiilnr:riulqrduil (Na) oonnrrflanrrsq
rirlri' trta rir virl#rfioornr:risrufi:r*c lilufinnq ncoSa
' a1n't? Hyperglycemia 6a fitrel-u1i1orntuu6oos.: [nsrfionrrrd'odusfiu'u ql
' o'tn1: Hypercalcemia 6a rirtrdfiunnrduru (Ca) atrfiuornnr:rfirunr:oofirunfi'u
o-.rriunr:roorrar:fifi ca arq r?iu tussiln rata pl-nltrurfluoiuq
' a1n'tr Hyperuricemia 6o fi:Jirurruto'cn:oqinfl.:a'rnn'trlfirunr:oodruna-urolsqiql
n:oEJ3fld proximal tubute{'o a'tn'lr Hypertipidemia 6a yirlvifi Chotesterot ardu
qJ
eilriu qio.:iu tj:smr u n #r s ril:r; uo n rd u il ilr n uns uooTil ril ue.r ntrid ft ri.,o u,
\v9ra 37 stou ga 3 n.I. o. uae f .
A,ar:frilrunr:n:otfi Glomerulus tilusr:suror6n rriu rnfioui uGsJ nolon uncn:ooyfiIu uqiqlg4r
fllrrl+'ro [14t-uosr.ituoanrurhitoi rriu T:J:6u rnsrfrordao d'.:#uorhjyruT:.ndulurirrdoo
'[n rfr s s,r 6{ o lt'l#intua ?1 EJ ;
rilas ?Yrs1r[1asr{ t 184 etr#nirrnr;la rfierru
VvrvsACtAardsd.AaAso 38 oou ?to g eir0nr,l rfl:rcinfr%rilunr:ilouor,rdrou eieufrratrilunr:torrouduodlY rr
[?116{T1f n1s. 4 ia % Er _. a A , , j p ,,Vaccine oa ar:fffisru:rGtilu antigen (antigen 6a Rrrr:Jnn:Jnorufirtireiirtnrsu#?R-trur:nt:J
v ^v u An:r{u:;uunffe'iln"ulfinirr antibody ruroiooiru'loi'1 rijodo vaccine rrir6idrrnrs 6ltiln:;d'u:suuqg'sc
4fi{run-utfiefr.: antibody rurqiad'ru riJunr:nir'r4fid'run-uuuuriorar (active immunization){q-{q
Serumo ! a i. l.qsa d - iq I ao0 ulrnooyrlt'ttO''rfl.rT1lyt'l[14tfl00[[1{El?o0nnOilud? q{Lu serum r.[o:ij antibody
te - AncnrsoEioTrs oruunr:do serum uri{ilru 6rrilunr:lfi antibody Touo:.ouilunr:afr.:nfid'rurYuuuuiururqql-qlq
(passive immunization)
9Y 9'/
?to 39 aou ?roA
riloeir pH
nlTt-u H* oanl:J
s nrrrJo'u co, zoor6lorrfindt
soordaonoasuaoo'irrfiaofirrrrrurflun:oao 6.rsio.:finr:nonarrurflun:on.: Iou
ornnr:ilr ulo urnsnr:riurir sJ nrriloiu Co, r ar rfi ood'a.rnoar (Co, rilun:o)
ttl I?to 40 srou sa 1 4
lsurlud' riluar:fiufiaruuhriluer-rfuf.:routryflun'r:ilrulolffirrurronr:rirunooAd-AiUy-Ul,ldAaos,oYt6tfrno:au o.:uuriiotoi'iutssn'[ud'6rrfioroilrsnr:nruloruuu'[ril"i'aonfiuouryirriu riu6oufio'lsirilyl'rg
riu ctycotysis riurdsr toi'nn-.:muornRlTfln.rrJ gtucose rftu.i z Rtp-& i,oolnrnr:nn'ts maltose fi:J:snaueYru glucose z Trurnqn 6.:osloi'nffrr'tilaanil1 = 4 ATp
lvtla 41 oau go 1 n. uac s.
nr:uuant:JdrurTrrytilun:su?unlrrn ri oio.:firurirurrrnsfifirrflund'u rfiatd'rfionr:urnri'lsii - - Ae, utea
ffi o't n lil 0 { a1 R n'] 6trd1 t J1 :n u?,t T ru1 1.[q ? n nl { yl [u 1.[1J 0.1 Lil a ? tci 6i
nr:unnt:lduufl"rry'lri'irriluoi'o.rtdrfiorfioouo.: r:iu r,{orrir '[ao:r rrarurGu ord'EJnr:uili-,_---d---q- ---y4 4 o o , - cAe etea q " a a u,v , enirutEonSon{rffur.:uosfiufiufiui1to cirusqifrd'orlfrdoqluiirrdu{oon6raut:Jeiletruoir.:1riu
oan8rouor4n6'uloudTruInnfindroroos'lri'loiodruufiordoouuorfitei rriu '[#r6ou6u \qls
.y9la 42 aou ?ro 2 ?t. uae o.
ttqGnmruuuuiu4finddorfro.: nio#rytlertu'riu ocGililuoEjr.:Toqroiulu#n{n'ln arthropod rriu
Ittr.: trtt rilueiu'[:J To lnqGn:ru uuudrr]0.:ld'rcuu:J:ysrnfi roSry6lunr:urao\: oons o{nqGn::ru
dorfu tu Trl:6asi drfitrjfi:cuu:J:sarm uflsr4%a%a-?uuu fi:vuu:J:sarilEr-.:riluuuujrr lA ul,l r a a A\n-0.: u\: ttj fl'] tJlTn [nqilqonTTil lluuu to
'[ a rfr H N 6[ a t+'L#in'[u a tl r,r i
lilnEJ imEJ'lrf'lagr{ t 185 eir rln irr nr ;'[n rfi sr E r
orientation nrurlfi.: #o{octtmo.:r'{qGntrruorouauoreio:Joo'unruuonoshlrililrcmilrfionr:rirr,:6lrI @ t v v e :'& a ct , j er a[oun1:?1\:gl?0u1'1fl000n0{nuflR'l1r{t[?o40il o\:u1{1r{q${nTTtJtt:lu orientation 6.:tijunr:qouauo.:oiod.:tir[oufre,_-_-_-_.-::_.C_- 4 7, t oX . e u r j Uw <, ^ CYlflYl1{RlJfiusn:Jfl.rt:"r lgu iltflouusr1un:rsuflnil t:Jnrilnnur0.JrnflTo0n-[N riluy{qOnr:iltfronr:nrotfi1: nt:!-'---,--.-7,qy y & d dt ^ d A - J ,q - j?iiln1?1UU'lt14iln{4.0fl'lnnUt[fl.:o'lYl9lU tljltilqAn:Tilty'lAilnUtnU{€lStTYl0UIUTSOUSi't
conditioning 6a nr:fiuuf,uuufirtou'[t olnt{n.0"run1:finr*rror Pavtov d.:6'orilu ctassicatI
conditioning rilunr:d#n{loiirnr:nr;{'uornR.:rir z rfiefiil1#ilylTufri'u uiu yroaottrdornr:afi rfioaritrfiuq q ----d''-----
3 U & { i q. -e-q !, u I U , .i j , a d o q g - 30'114'lr 1.{1n'lu tun olnuuflun:lo'] + 1140'1fi1: YI1t14fll*flli',td'tu tiln aoil'tfluntco,:odrtt6gr flyt'ttfaut$rnruU !l eZ A' uX + d , 4 U,oqe s 3 rl -& a j. c, j vAa, C u[un [o ?1.16] Ylnauilu1l.{n1:flunrs9r.10u1{Lou? tilynt14flil1jli']n1u !un o{il1.{[au{nr;6,ltlluR.:rf'rfrtIjut]ou'[n
(conditioned stimulus)'jrfrr'loiEuufiurn:s6.]fioc'ld'fiuorur: airuorur:riluRrrirrurT 6rriluR.:rirfifihifiou'[s
(unconditioned stimutus)6noTrodr,:nd.:60 nufiuurunrrfiondtfdfidirrnd'rsf,.:dt'trififi:c oYrradtfiuf,r6rnnS{
&, , u,a o ta ZA^t{{ a 0 u qt 0il1nu ttJnill1il n{gilolluon tn uil\:yt toil tn unu tluau
tt/ u%a 44 grou ga 2 a. ud& 0.
rio n. uns s. fio ldo{orntdofinr:n:sd'ursnii':Jrcfl'rvr oyoi'0.:nrsei'utri'fi.onrrruu:rritad.r 6.rosqq
virlrfrrfion:vua:J:varvr'loi rnsudan:sqiuu:.:duflririrlri'turqro{nryrrflilrsE-ryrur{du orur5eso.:reu'i
nrsrrfl:Jrsd'rvrffhirfirud'ru rflu'l:Jnril n0 At or None rute
uqisr LHqfr virtri'r:riuer?'rruf6noir.: .1 1A'[* rvirniuq(u t il u u vl r-r y Ty u r vi't .: Ht o fl ?'l el n :v fuT 0 .r n 1 TvAo5-Aa,6,ga
n rv o 1{ 6tr.1 tl 0 0 u yt tJ N fl Et 0 o ?'t tJ [T? I 0.1 n :c t[d:J ty gt m uu 6 oq
t. r#unirgrurinnr.:so':lsrJ:snrm rirturotraqjos*rn:sua:J:ceriltei'r5rn'jrrurorfin ry{r.rg{UvAiu-XAvnrrruoi.rumrunr:rodoufisa.:"[oaauosrr:J:r.lnnunuv'luytR'lfinorm.:ro.r1s:J:yfl.tyt
z. tsi:J:sfl'ryrtift,fjttr,6au{'ru orfinr:rerfroufito.:n:suail:saryrtuuonrou'loi'r5rn.jrtuil:yarnfiq
U rai n aatilil[u0 til0nuilxJ
q
9,/ 9,/
?ro 43 aou zro 2
ty gL/
?to 45 aou ?to 4
orientation, conditioni ng
n.-+f.-+a.-+?1.-+o.tu:vuu:J:vfl-l?t somatic fi fi rHri.: uilurar.[r uiu Fr?'l ruff;n (Receptor)
(U n rv u a:J :v fl't yt a; r.i't u
sensory neurone rrirt'tr#urafi'.:yr1{T'rnut.r ornriuniruqtsruo.rrdorfionr::Jrsrurnrunun:#.rnr:arrurdruslfuuA1sffunn".:oanillml.r Motor neurone fi:rneir.:to.rlt#unn-.:t:Ju-.ioigryrflrHilrs (Effector) 6o
nd'rrurdautuuncnd'rrurdafroErrrudroiu rfiiotri'rfionr:srndutilunyldfrarJoruofirarir
'[ n rfr s aJ 6{ a lt'[#in'[r+n ?1 ru i
-
[aner inEllrf'lasr{ t 186 air rln i rr n'r :'l n rfr s e.r
ila 4G aou ila 3 &nrnr{uo6;sgsfiildoairodnrnnr6o%q
* Ere *+g*niurn
d"d\ I
3u* -lzo l**'*-:i:/-\ l\ I+ I*il -r-==..-
Hm tr$It*r *m -"l1.1..*i,*---:""ss*J l*"*x
srm*'u*u
-CJ
t\ ffi'mi*"r ,m*t I "-
*,*u 1r #ry,i $srm
1
.W*.m**i.* t
.fi .h qryff@**p*vtrn m,Mfkffitrplmirrffidf
J \ lffimkmftm ff
F il* #r*urm mmd **eftfid pelmr My
fo t - qnolot rdororn spermatogonia druri.:taoranooair.:oqituo-ruvwrfu osfinr:rrrjrrrnd'(u'-qrlTaAi.&av6
Lt:J ! til t 9r { fl ry,r 0 r1r.r il a1 u? uo n a o o { [[a ? u [0 :q y{ il5'0 ual u
fla z - lrinnd'oo alnRlyr rgaei"hi ocrfllursnd-firfioornnr:urj.:rsnd'[u:sui Meiosis l ogq
.z-4...-..i^ra^r4,iuU,e".u,JvtY.--&tn01ilfin{alnmtnonl:ilfldufla{ t1flqn01nr.: tr[r''r6fyr0ril tnrluurirryiruu (Secondary oocyte) oorl-u
traai'hi orooslri rfi odufi'tdlr.ursiacrd o%
rio 3 uac + - rlnoio.: o.tRR'tlt First polar body unc Secondary oocyte rflurrynri'firfiordu,u
nforug niu tilurunornnt:uil.:tryadlursus Meiosis I no.r primary oocyte IqcJo;rfio1urn*yfifrnr:Ern
1:lrrirdviarirlriunsrilu'ldtu:rurfioE6o:uoT vrrir'l:J qirriu z rqoii'd 6.rrfioduvrn'l r6ou rn:ryluHfi.:fr{ q .'---'i' ' a---llrdr A .l A t
nr:qn'[d riju:ou rG ou lumn q rG ou oun'irocnilq:J:y'ir rd au
lLr vIA 47 SIOU ?O 4 orytocin
aofTruu oxytocin rfluaoflruuornoiarulqiaruoreirurtrufir.rnrirlviruri.:ilonnfiuer-r ruosriT lfirfioE
a & - Y ^ iaor q 6 a 6T .o J j j qgo n,nlTan0otnolu o.:1{1*14tU{iletUefi']turrusnn0o[[1{vrg0vagtaaiLetugfroflrfrru rfro ln'rfronr:nnao'[d'
lt It a a Ara 48 srou ?ro |inrfiudd €r a ^ i, y A vinrfiuG rilulorilufrir.:nr EJeio.rnr:tflonr:fn:*''rRl?sflrJernro.o:sEiu rrernrdsillu16aonastu
q
A ' ,4ev e a a alrle q aiu €r e ytvu a anrven [il4fl{n'ru toru[[fl.ruoo0rd']il1Tndr1{?Er']ililo1s{ tunrnlfi'[rinnuoodrrljuosola.:-[ri'iuTorijuqtql
A 6l n I 9' Y A \y- dl,l rd o €r A - r a6ornornr:lfrurnflu o.ouurilo'toi:u[rfl.:[[oov{o fr'lriSinrruirri]ufrosiu:Jrcilruiorfiu o rs3ru
ln ufr EJ E r 6[ o t,t'[#in'[r,u Fr ?1 sJ {
fo 1 fiecy4.,
Yl.lHil9llj 0.1 e
rio 2
fo3
lv 9y
?ro 50 etou ?lo
ornrio ru n(u
riruuo
rilneJ ?nu1fl1asr{ t 187 etr#nirrnr;'[a rfiga,r
tt/ Irio +g nau zTa s 6r5no:or,lor-ru:nsoooromngfio oroqjtr.too{fi0'ai4figr.lirorflr.rmronalruaa-alI
nr:oot5srdufinoroulu:voiuna.:.:rurlar (sub shett) sia.16'oGsrrdr6nEr:auarlufufifi**-oo.u,d-a---'- A. a .- t & ' ^ au 6^uoirfrsorioutnruo 6l6a ts [oud'udoutruu S osfrnhunrsooif]sth (orbitat) riluu:tum:lnnru
v,trtu
-Wp *rt*r,t*l.
YA r4 va a A a u j j q -& -[1lT1y Ul{ytAUtnn1l?[nauflytflo (n=1) ayrjy,tdr{ruqltytno[u:yourfunn.:.:ruql q q -- '---
ril:rs ruu'i'rfl o{osa oil?a.:iyr ryroir^l oio lufir rodsafr udTil:o 01{ e rvirrfut & y u ao -til . v a
-,
$rr'ts llCInsgursouiln{.:'tutj0-lu?1{ e [tJtyl1nil a']ilfidnnlToot5EJ.: IHIlJ 2n'
s nr:o'origo6r5nn:o%?,aii x*3 6o [Hel2s2 2p6
x ftnr:o-o6urdrfino:ou 6a 2,8,3 (rnsosaail = tg)Toufior:rurornairqr-u te fi
x3+ fr6rfinnraurHfro = 10 6.:frnr:o-oGu.:Arfinnrou 6o
fl d'["i'urur nr:o'o 6ur 6 rfi n ora u[[u :rrser-uil fi'.: {rud o u nr illia t er o ufi t 1
ila st grau z?a z suro'laoau: p3->s2->K* >Ms2*
nr:fior:nnsu'roror'[oaourfioqir'r1 nr:fior:rurornnr:o-oGur6rfinq:ou udoo'iruru?Ja.:svvad
T3 OUTt n{ {'t1{1 0.: a [d n ora ilAo o./ a/ I ql a/ Y Vl
il or ur urs du v,r n.r.,r'r r{ tvrl n u o.r uull 1 r q La 0 0 un u tra ni n,j-r
ta a o uu? n un v fi .r ril uta o ou6 q n u ilr n r u'r ae stH ni rur ndu
d'.l#u turolooou p3- > 52- > K+
Mg'* fi z :yqiulr#.,:'uro{arfinq:au 6.rfi,urqrfinfi noq
P3- >s2- >K+ )Mg'*
la rfr EJ ilr 6il o %5[#intr,urr ?'l rJ i
A
il91
A
hl 9t
e-P5- = fr15
s2-=ft16rc=fr19
.Mg'* = fi1zv
2 zp'
18e = 2 8
18e = 2 8
18e = 2 8
10e = 2 8
:l-->
s ffirfu,Hf$il$ d,#f:h*'f,e{ f *rh,stn$
(ya./ 6-t Vl A
91.11.$U 1J1*'lO 1000U Fl0
rilaeJ imslcf1asr{ t 188 itr rin irr n r :'[ a ufr s a.r
ila sz srou r?o 2 Aude D
Ior:.rairrlnmuauoi'drtErtirEr riiulnrrnfrrfidorfifisrrn-uei'rsu:rdorilfisrdu{ruu:.:rurn
nnoiltiln?fl.:ilrn'lrjacnrsri1ror'lildrtrhlr 1 rnriu un:'[rnld'fiarrur:nrir'hnlflr'Loi'lu#urdurniuy
ll/lYAAr.Aga 53 aou ?la 2 nolooo?Joit rrsiFrl6{$ntto9tr9iaoso0 M2
ir6rrraA&tuoialntilrnnn T2 [[as M2 [:]t{liltnndoldfis 0olgtoo agfin0iltiln'l0ynrtruflu0rnuun.:eir.:
olnHv (?1ti7A)
dAT2 n?:il1orgtogt M2
A&QO14n 0il LHn? tiltuljl,[
q
A&tLT.ln01,[9101.[ Ll l3.J1JU)
Ad0.18.JA 9l
q
9'/a.t d
9l.l1,[
I
II .'.
Joq rd oo
A(Ll,bo.t01n
IOl
n1 n?1
lr'/ 9'/
?ro 54 aou ?,o 2 Pct 3
pct3 ft:rJir.: 6o fi:yfiogrt*n'tun46ualj
air unr:tudo 6i utio n a.J er ftTer:.: nfr { LLU u 6n il LH n u eJ LLU uyr u
rio ss srou ria 1 M fr'u n
or::J:snouoontsd'finsarrrir uii'rfiaruuTrflun:o 1r:Jfiruftn:yor:*fion-sornrirriuriluro.i)qior fi aru uT rfll uola ra s o a ntsd'
Iou ornrioiln M rns n rvirriufiriluolnuy nri 4 rns nri o orrruiiro-:r.u.u{
ila sG aou lniftairsrou
tflntovsrolJH.rsirutur.[.,:to.]r'lsrtuqrril{T1a aytd'QilrLl4r.i.:si'tii'
1A
'[n rfr s Er 6{ a r,t'[#intua ?1 Er ;
tan sJ ir'r sJ'l F["] agr{ t 189 airrlnirT nr:'[arfre,il
ria t nn rilr'rs tuilrirdurnlil 6rfinln:runrGid"oyrfi ruduornrir.:l:Juu$qt
rio z gn rilT't! D tunr:rrmn 6a si (rarorororu 14) rfiorfiqrilufl.t::J:snau sio, 6o m:ruiu, Y6tr.1 tiln3n1UU']
:io g nn rilT.rs E uds G firnroyqoiladludrrrrari,:solrlqm:rufi#uIUqjq
rio + qn ry{T.ty rulettooounu lly traqjn'ir ruro'looou:J?n (Bt)
?ro 57 stou ?to 4 Fe , o,
rio l TnHv v firaroon8ro#u +5
ria 2 InHv Mn firnraon8rofu +G
do 3 TnHv Cr firntoon8te#u +G
rio 4 TnHs Fe frrngoanfrrorfu +3
ly 9y Lt atA 551 rAAA Xo?ro 58 aou ?ro 1 a?iei2tI tr,trJgiritelrl,lda Hzczo4
tnt Ox. nqn{ I L)frfi3ur Reduction t il't oxidise
I+7 +3 +4I +2
K SO + C O +H O+ M nSO24224
I
lflll ox. ,firudu I rJfiffiur oxidation / et-? reduce
H2c2o7 rilusir reduce (riru KMno4 riJuqr-l oxidise)
ly ly ,',6t9, a a v ego 59 oou ga s nr tf Fecr, tJ1fllfruno octfroncnouilrfn o.so niruoln AsNo, 5.00 cm 3
eAgNo3(ac)+ reCl3(ac) --------) 3AsCt(s)* re(No3)3(ao)
3mol AgCl : 3mot AgNO3
g = 0.5x5
143.5 1000 \g = 0.359 N o.eo niil
lt/ItUouArfga?lo 60 gtou ?to I airoutt:0doqo:cuirotrurnqnsaof,r:nsareJgfrqdo 6t1T B > 6{1: c >
f,1t A
A I^ A C B
norr6ooiln6 qrun4firfiru
K t\4 nO+ + H zCzOt + HzSO+
ln lfi s sJ 6t a ?r'[#in'[r,rrr ?'l r,r i
-
ranu ?ns1r['lasr{ t 190 atr #nirr n'r :'t n ufi er a,r
ria 1 fior uil:rsfi +ooc e{n'iroqu6oora.l A rrqirirn'ir B $ns c rrao.l.ir n figq
snrusriluuui'aciau B $ns c ftanruyriluro.:rnnr
ria z fio rnr.rd zsoc 1n#oor6oora.: n rurnfiao R 6.r:;ununloirurnfino rirtvifiq q q ---
orrruo-ulorurnfiaorc
fo g fio rr{flsnlTdororrruEl-u ocfirl?ioer6oqfl'rrnon{ qi.:riuoou6ooso.rqq
aJrfrao<irn'irrJnG
rio + nn ryr:rsoor6ooar:uil:riuEr:rn-uu:rfior"do. d'triu n < c < B{q
9/sOreEnou ?la 3 a?'lilat,t[lt?t?ou::n c, H2 aJlnn?lerrrruoulu?t'tstu::o c2 H6
rrfi'a czHz firurnTrurnnn zc ciruufi'a crnu firurnTrurnnn g0
6'o#r.r ufi'a crn, unidndruri'a crnu 6.:firrmrid'ulurrorrurnn.jr
rio z uns + fio rn:rrufi'eyrtr z rfiof iruruTruarur{'ahiryi'rniu
6.: fi dru'ruTr rnq ntil rrir riu Io Er rui's c, n, f iruruh rnn nrurnn'jr uri's c z Hoq
B orfroetq
9'/
?to 61
9v tysa 62 aou ?Jo 1
or:fi.,lfiu - SokJ
tv?to 63 aou
d1? rfi,,:doufi'l.rlYud = 290kJ90
-Ae)d
6[1T0{nnnru?'l = 170kJ
a./ Y91.,11,[1,[ A Ea =
=
11--a--r4aaXvvoilo,Yn t{ o [TtT1 c 0 Et:''t R']T[n o il fl nT g1l unu n?,] il [1t illtl{1 0.: fl1:qN OlUtyir uu
A a u 9 v A a1 ra^o a o q ry vl HO L1 tT',t3 il{ ttl t011l.{tjytll4U',tytuJua? [T.1:Jfl nTUl asil zunytr llinn.wru
n:voiu (Ea) t a.r:J fr fi3sn oq n.:
o 0n ril:'rv qrura4fio;fte.rnrirtri'ounrnfinff.:.rruonfrfirururndu 6.:rirtrdo-o:r$qEqaraaaAt
nlTrnoufl nTUl [y{ il?u[fl rJ 0
v6'ua,JU,,d6{ ilo [il:"ls nlTn100$afln0aaa10\:nuociln10.]il tili1o3il:Jtil.ltuuonnoaan496
illnilTOUOUnO'ril
ln rfr s EJ 6{ a %'L#in'[r,ra ?1 il ;
Iha-ta
210 - 120
90 kJtv?lo9v
?JO
9,/
1J0
9/
1J0
9,/
fl0
fE5, = 120kJ
lfraundu;
Ar :gokJ
Lads ivrsJ'lfl1asr{ t 191 eir rln i rr nr :-[ a rfr s a,r
ly 9r,/?o 64 aou ?Jo 1 64
tr*ruoi'ul
tr:Jfi ur,tl
[nilqn]
n, (o)
+10
10
+ ,:n,- -rilf,+10 -20
10 80
.. tHll2t\
lHzlttzl
(80) 2L\-:64(10x10)
ila osnau ila1 1x106
1
ertunun'r:fiIovrririrnuerd'ru : ri**unrr '[si'srunr:60 No(g) + ;"2@)
1
K - (1 xtol2y2 - 1X106
U/ tY o raaa a +vr9/ 4 e ?rTa oo nau ?To 3 BoHrirrJfifiSurn-u H- ld e- fr'urir
ar:os nr uriill rrrl oiru a B. / BoH ar rur:n Eh unr unr:r:l fi slr*ur:J a.r rir pH
uriutatuauri'flruruufinriou Ioudxnruqrilnr:r:Jfiuurr:ln.rrir pn 6a $n:o 1e.; ttns€irua
AALil 0 tn runT9t
(BoH)
IALTJ O 16iln;q$ri (H.) :
a./X +91.11,$ H
(nro $rifi uGru;
d ru n (BoH) ay rfrruryir:J fr fi3ur
+ BOH
--,.L-
B* HrO
tY 9,/
?ro 67 nau sa 3
(guunl ($n;o1
Note: rriurd urrYuri'un'lrr6ilLUflLrri (oH-) ein:o
nnlurilu dnrn (BOH) n-u HrO
L__ __+
Lilfruurilu
(8.) fiov uir rurvi'r:J fr fi3m LLnv rfi orn'rrnvrfi uru mfr rG iltd'
dAgt'/lmqaqm pH %osn?1 7
NH4O + HCI -----)
NH4CI + HrO
(LUadou) (n:o Lrri) (rnfi o )i__-.a 4-a,q ea v j- ,, & % a A^ Xffoouff filiirir'tnd't6u.ttYuQoails.ln rir ptt To.rdlTasnluocfruaiin:unru:iGto.:rnnomrRortl.lqqqql.g
er-.rliu orn:Jfifi3urrnfiofdrfiq 6a NH4ct rilurnfiofifieru:rGrflun:o lrfioornn:ouri + rundouldwirtrri
r* Xoqfiftdr pH < 7 nrruaruu6ro.:rnfiodrfiodu
la rfr s E r 6[ o t,u'[ri'in'lua x1 s,r i
-
rilns iYrEJlcf'lasr{ t 192 ei'rrlnirrnr:'tn rfisru
tv ty?lo 68 aou ?lo 4 1 : 1,000
A6[1TnyA1U A u
AFnTnynl u B u
t)'la.t V a// I
O.1 Ul+ 0 9lT'l 6[? 1.[
9/4,t A,/
o01,[}[
pH=3->pOHpH=6--+pOH
toH-l
loHlA1 0-t'
1
IoHIB10-8
1 000
ovoi'o.:froir Eocell
ll 9u2* (aq)/Cu(s)
ilfrfi?ur reduction
(;f? unrlno)
11
I
9yA./ a'/
o.tl*u toHl9ya/ a/
9t.tuu [oH ]
= 1 o-t'
= 1o-8
M
M
ila 09 etou ila 3 pt(s) I sn
o* ("q) I sn'* ("q)ll cu'* ("q)l cu1"1
Lrzut,tR'ril Lsnd-rTnmfinfd fl1il'rrn rfia Lo.,:lsi'
ilfrfi3ur oxidationYr
(1J? LLo Lt*q)
'. Eocell = Eocathode - EoAnode
= (*o .34) - (-0.40)
= +0.34 + 0.40
= +0.74 Volt
( uao.:'j1 il fr fi3 ur rfi q r o {'[d')
ila zo stou fio + usnlnil&?ra{uoituiqnf,aanornTnilcrurrrl?roo cu, zn, Fo, As tu6{1:A&A1goeilil Fe'* UA& Zn'*
nr:*snTnnvn.outodl*ju3qnf, laroftTararrfior6ur6o:Juasi rriu Zn Fe Ag) ld'fiormruuiavrf,rfiiudu arrur:nrirtd'lou*rlnilvvro.ruor'lrjuiavrfrr.rli'd.fruoTuo {ntr *; riluarnrirlfirfio
d^dS
nr:rfisJdrffnn:ourorlanv, cu zn Fe Ag urncrfiorilulr'rruurnn.rTnnrr-odcui. ,zn",Fe'*,Ag*Iourarnr:Jtuurfisludr Eo otnqr:rruuaoreir Eo oynu'it Fe2* llflr zn2. freir eo oh
n'j't cu'* rn; Ag* 6.:rirhiTnras Fe uflv zn rftu6rfinq:ouirun'ir [qirftonnrtJrijulooou Fe'.
ltds zn2* 6.riu6rfino:oulJrnn'j"r rirld'rru Fe'* llfls zn'* luat:ncnru
1 n 16 s il 6t o 1,r'[#in'[r,r a ?1 il i
a+ 2+Pt(s)/Sn' I (aq)/Sn-' (aq)
7
rilns ?Yru1d'lasr{ t 193 dr#nirrnr:'ta ufisa.r
9v 9v
?lo 71 grou ?Jo 4 1
,iad6le,/1il6 uufir Lufin"L#nn1u uijusr:rj:vn ou
c,VlrAAVlrAlLilnn Lil tno6[1,ttj LLnr L8J tnonlTzunTau
q
Feo(oH) fina*n1nei1 fiunfio'jr CepidiocrociteT raaa i a & V dr r
lo u:Jfr fi3u1fr lfrqfruvt.:Hs.rq tfl'lr+ilfr fi3u'r Redox
AeAAetYA€revaatnntT{u.J?J0tou? €10 ?J0 I tYt1ul{ ru0.10']nnlTvt']:il01U.JlanlTilo{nun1Tlnqflililtoug
o619)?1'l lfi
stlsuoitg
ila zz grau fio z urieTuT:Efirnsr
ruri'rTul:firnofio.:d'rj:snou 6o frfinr Tsr6rrruoon'lryoi' rnnrfiEriloantsd' Iotrfinr:r6n
oontqei'rar1u:ou (Bror) udorirlv{uui'rarrur:nmuqionr:r:Jfiuuuiln.:rorqruranfild'6 6ryru'lrluacnrrilqqg,/ Vl 9,/A t c),/ a 4iTOu Lqon?ltLn?Tuo01,[ .]
ila ts srou zia s tr,tnr:rrurrsrfiaurs:rfinfinr:r6ru x,o r$ia'l#rfioEilq A A dc./ Y ALUnlTtzu't tn n 0u tfrTl eJ n flo? u1,$'t Lfl n a u
Y A iq e,/a,u r n *1 L fl 6 o u fr
"Lr'fi nir u zu fl rJ lJ 0 .t 6il't r:J :y n o u
oan'lqei'soilnra;rail 1A rnv 2A rtiu Kro osrirld'onrnnfinr:unorutarrirrnfiouoonr urqinrn
siotnr:tri'rfiofrunsilulli ortd'ar::J:snouoontqei'ro.t At , Fe , Cr , Sb , B , Mn uae ei rflueiu
91,/ 9,/
7ro 74 aou ?to 3
1,6
1, 6-d i methylcyclohexene
dimethylcyclohexene =
CHt
I cH.
ryA, a T v i c i tito a a , j iq- y
til0n0{t?uut€tT.]dT1{01nTofl1T nu{6f1ill:n01uT0tor14tJ0utolr uflo.:?']gofl-tTytt14il1nn$i0.1qt
ffi?Stffi:g$ffiru'bffi#
#"1Tffitrffi:l f;lHtr${-l
ln rfr s il 6[ a %'[#in'Lr+a ?1 E r i
7
r$ner inulrf1asr{ t 194 air r['n i r'r n'r ;-[ n ufr s il
Formaldehyde I formic acid
(methanal) I tmethanoic acid)
HCHO I HCOOH
fln:TrurnnnqirrnTu tu:rsf iruru o luTrurnnaeirrnTu 6.:'[ilrilu isomer nTuqjqq-
tr__tyfa%a 76 stou ?o z an:lil[anago06[r: o 6o c 6H|zo 2
o Xv i ^riofrri'o.:r3ruornnr:ffor:rurrJfiffiarfi{'urnsrriou firfior:rurlrd6r.iroyrilu:JfiffiurfiA.'6.:lilurJfifi3u1 Hydrolysis To.: ester IoEJ#{rnoolnn'rrrfio butanoic acid rilurufiqrnlruryi
9,/ 91,/
?lo 75 aou zlo 3 formaldehyde fi'u formic acid
lsomer 6 o m:fi fllil'rrn tfr uuflarTflT.rsfr.:1si'rurnn'ir 1$
rA T a o/ILUU LLgITJflAT Lil INNN 1ilil OI,INU(tlq
(B)
cH3cooH
(ethanoic acid)
(c)
CH3CHTOH + CH3CH2CH2COOH
(B)
(butanoic acid)
cH3coocH2cH3
(ethylethanoate)
CH, = CH, +
(ethylene)
cH3cHroH
cH3cH 2cH2coocHrcHu +
(ethylbutanoate)
(D)
cH3cHroH
(B)
HrO € CH3CHTOH
n:q[Lri , gr*'rri.: (ethanol)
+ KrCrrO, nTaL[ri , qr"rrj.,:
ffiHrO n:ouri ,
(nyOrolysis)
+ CH3COOH n:ouri
(c) ffi
o
@
@
@
(E)
ila tz srou r?o + nafifluoav,lo{ruradlaoiyr o6fl uonr,{ a{rurad'[ad' lery fi 6on.xnr:d'r6 a,,runr'[nd'" rfi oorn:Jfi fiiu
polymerisation tru u n? u $r.iu:sfi 'jr.i "fl ua a ri'u r,,l airur a 6taa{',
OH
n6rfluoa
oil+ n H-C-H
vnloflin6'[ad'(uruururn)
Polymerisation lruunrru uriu
-Hzo tcHzfivu a fi rf, u o nvd o Slin 6'[ s d'
lq uilr n rfi o il fi ffi ur nr:err u uriuei o'[:J d n osyirt#rfi oler:.r afr.r uu uirl un rfi qdu drrlrtv{ pr fiqruaruuGfiuus.: ufitueit:J:rc ilunrrrufoufiqrura4figr 1 latd nusr:rnfi unsfinmernururduc q_,_--si__ti_
rurnn'irrir filrutdrirurutrta:6rfinm:ofind aiEpf'lv'hlr oirruo-unrsuyu.:ti'runiarorio'lrlflr riluolu
ln ufi EJ il 6[ o t,t'[#in'[r,r a ?1 er ;
raas infl1sf1asr{ t 195 dtinirrnr:-[n rfreJEr
lyuo 78
cir un ofi'lr fi nn n a'[:d' (PVc) n odln:rifi u (pp) rnsfl oR alqiu 1es; rfi oorn:J fi fi3ur
polymerisation ttuutGn
lyrdaau ?a 2 ual[m:1tffgr
rirufiu tfioorn nr:rTunrtortrnfisnrsrtqir:JfianTnnluanrrrfifioonErou'irrYo rirq eo e T a& - r - ItillnqnlTfln']uEr?0u-r.tg1 I [ounlunuilyt{ile.J9t 5 uT3[Ryt o{u
fisr finluoi d'ufivrfi#a fivrfiria ua%yr:r'[rsi'q(u
i&flilnlil t?,1illjl.tq
- Y ' 4 .4 rl G' 6r ia aA d 4 s rao{1,[u n']ufiuruotto1.{11T"1 lsn [:.Jiln'tultuytuotunliloytflo 6t tldrlsrurruorrrufauorn
nr:t zurln firu.' n fi gt To rl'lunr:t zurtra fo slrir:l nrtr lfirir rS uorr 1 fi oriurio uty ly 9tfla 79 oau to + zta 2 lrdc 3
rtnrfiu (Melamine) rflluar:rnfififiErillflunr:firnnra6n figor:hua1n6o c.HuNu unr,uq
fiaEr:In:rafrr d'rd'q.t
NHzI
-A-
*/ \"
H2
-Y ^ s"-\-/-'totuu rarnfior:rurornTn:rair.:orrfiutsY'ir fi N riluorri':lrrnou'iruruilrn rnsu.rnolf r - Y
ri'r'trJr.raruriudruru *nsor:roaaumr:J3rurruTil:fiu Tqunr:o:rosauornrJ3ru''rru!"rEr r.r ltul:J:dufi ru riluo.:ri'il:snou; o;rirtv{nu:Jirurrx N .,irurururn uunsoror?irtofie'jrdluilfiufirjirurruI:J:6ua.: ,%idtu
ct
nrrrutiluoS.: N fio:ronururorntrunrftu d.rrarndr.rnruiurilorfiurrirt:Jrurn 1 orfrrunrirtri'rfioornr:'lil d aa Ud Atgr?'ru lln30'r0tflu5?Er [o tl{Ytflo
'[n rfi s sJ 6[ o %'l#in'Lr,ra ?1 N i
tilag insl'ld'lagr{ t t96 stti'nirrnr:-la ufiEJil
.Ygnvajv-r?-a.trsa 80 aou ?to s tsN%Nererrudrusrea0nitirnu ooriooHaaruruardon'ir
'ltru-u lrat; n-nnururnlufo{Ioufio.:ri':J:snou6irulraei 6o n:onlrru-u6rud'r c{rurirruiu
(oi I ) r.r-n n ulufi s Io u fi a I ri':J rs n o u eir ulra ei 6 o n :olt riu'lri 6 ru qr-r
- Y r4-.-e-.4---n- --..-"- , d a , ! - Aao{uu tttjl.lilnro tljtJu0ilEt?il1nn?10vtloolot0o $nr 0onfiail[unralnir$rnufriln:ou-ivut?Jil1t0ilsr't1{o un?1
ly t/gA 81 SIOU flA I glucose, cellobiose, maltose, ribose
or n si'r rfi o ntulovr ri fl'r rJ1:n uu nrir qrr nlei s il:s rnn 6 aYtA1. U19'1flliltnnntOU? (Monosaccharide) = glucose ribose galactoseit2. 1{'1nlnttltnnng (Disaccharide) = maltose sucrose lactose cellobioseYr4r3. frnrnlrutnnnlnr! (Polysaccharide) = cettutose
dtn bctase amytase B - gatactosidase o-olilum:il:ttRyt enzyme nioel-rtitilfiffiurtuRtfifiior
ila az oail fio I it'rr,lo1nu:,rdfifiSsrsrsoarnfin:vrirn-rnaioofieirriltru'rni,o*&r
t'rurfro.:otnrr:.::Jfrffiur = 0 lllrlsrlT.l:Jfrfi3ur6'oa.rn n-unr:n:so-o (w : r= "or0 )
9y ty?ro 83 aou sa
& finrrrilfi suurjnoTa,r rarufrru rvirfi'r,rTnmf 6[of I
e/ dT ara'ln n0 81,[Tnu lil tu1*9t1J
SDtPriu, - r Prd.,
i qe,/t?'ro LH zu nr? illJotk rruuqi'ruriouunyH fi't lvirrYu
Tru rruusi'rut o.rrn ut,roi'fi rfi ru = Tru rruusi'rut o.rrn urril nfi n erq
Hto Irurruuqi'ruto.rrnuuoi'finq = Trurruuoi'ruto.rrnurr?rnfdrfiruq
9/r.'. :nvi'.r 6[0.] finr:tilfi u%Ltil n.,:Iru truuoi'ru rvirri'u
'[n rfr EJ il 6{ a lt'[#in'Lun ?1 E r i
r6[ng ?msld'lagr{ t 197 drrinisrnr:'tn rfisar
lvua 84
lv?to 85
lyaau go 2cl
tlTf nniln?[
o
Vopiu
V-9ru
lvaou ?lo 1
s-[ry) ,
2st- \r
V
:Jaioun.til't u:0A&,
illnn{v{un01,[
a1n
1)E, : I(D-Kna{ ,.z
LrItT\tnnilnlt
12e+ -mv
2
ltr..lndilna?0
Epr = Ew
msh - 1rr'*1u'22msh : +( ?mR'lg*+ mv,2[s )B' 2
@1tvnatt
mgh -
mgh -
t7v nn?.:
1tr' * !mv'22!( ?mR')4*! mv,2\3 )R' 2
.'. ?lr.lnnild'ufi.,:duriou
V = V, = U"
1 n lfr s ar a a r,rt#intn n er e,r i
il nqfl.t6[o
v=vx:ux
= 10 cos60"
6gh
5
Uy= 10 sin 60o
Ux= 10 cos 50o
a
rilns imslrf1asr{ t 198 air rin i rr n r :-[ n rfr s a.r
tv 9y
?ro 86 aou ?to 4g
16
X a1n o:b
o:bx
n'tTnTroo = 0, fl?'lrulTril1nflgtq
-+ Ee -0 , Ekmax
n1rnrr6'qNln6[gt, Ft?1ilu5r = 0
-+ Eomax , Eu - 0
Aa4 o.l zuo
Gm e'/ e'1/ gurinnrrTnn tflelo)
R, (R 9lo'l?oo1n
Gm R2
Ri Gm
R2
(4R)'1_o|160
obx :ob
9v 9y
?to 87 elou ?lo 2
fior:rB1nflT'l
fiorrnm N?n6oarj3o
AA0.25 ?%1?'l
OO A,C,E
-OO B.D+-r-
rio 1,3 unr
t (s)
Ep
{X -----.)ie
r-k
oI
I
ar/ d a./
n0 0ltTnl9T,ln.l.1'l% Ep, = Erz*E,
1rca' - 2 (!k*')2 \2 )
VAJ'
x = 10 sin (fit)
'[a rfi er ar a o r,r'L#in'[r+ or m e.r i
x(t) = 10 sin (,rt)
aln6[iln17
lonH ?mg1r['lan{ t 199 itrri'nirT nT :'[n ufr sa.r
n
10 sin nt
10 sin rrt
.TEsm-4
n
4
0.25 iurfi
2.0 x 108
Y er, a/t A*rHunt o.:unl.lt,ttyt
h- n')AAL
(770)(80)
A UIII a v2 Stbo B ll%rr:o'[oi zs firthu
T sin 53o T sin 53o olnril 2T sin53 " = mg(u
nt-
t=
lv?,o 88
tvaou uo 3
AAttT{9t.1ttr0n
FLoY
(+)0x10-')'e)
= 2x108 N/m2
9v ly?ro 89 aou zlo
oT cos 53
zr( !) :\.5 ,
T=
(40)
2sNT cos 53o
1 a rfr s il a a %t#in'[r,l er m e,r i
T sin 53o
r6rdn iyrslcf1asr{ t 200 eirrinirT nr:'[nrfrsil
tv ly?ro 90 aou ?to z lf s : tanO
mg sin @
6{NOn-+
l"tmg
f:pN-
rosO -p-
mg sin0
mg sin0
mg sin0
tan 0
lv?to 91
A
il{41Til'l
lvaou ?to
AP
0.9
11n.1
mghl :
u:
1n-mu'2
5 m/s
x1J1lJU
1n-mv' :2
V=
mghz
4 m/s
farcl,aggt
Lru uruuailn?lil rT?frnn.: rilufa./dA&crLru rrut+a il n?1 il rT? fr erT%1ill.r
- p, _p,
- mv-(-mu)
- m(v+u)
= 0.1(9) - 0.9 kg m/s
+
I
ln rfr s ru a a ut#intusr rr e,r f
| 'mg cos 0
raas imuldlasr{ t 201 rir rln i gr n'r :-[ a rfi s &r
9y 9y
?to 92 aou ?to 3M1 _*,23
:M3
AAQ/alAa/ta./tU
lJ 0.1 til n ? r}[9t L 9t u ? n il Ty 9t u L 9t u ? n uFt ?'t il 9t l,t t?11 n u
P*-Py =P,Mtg-Mrg _Mrg2A34A
-M3
, A, Uel A LT = Ft'.l710'l1,[ Lq01nLflTo.lT.l
Ml-M223
lv?lo 93
lr'/aou ?lo 16
:J3rur arr o.t rrYi.:Tnur
V=mp
2
5x103
= 0.4x 10-3
T+F" - mg
T+prrarVorug = mg
T + (1000X0.4 x tOt Xl0) - 20
T - 16Nm'
'[ n rfr s ar a o u'[fin'[r,r er tr eu #
rans ins1fl'lasr{ t 202 ai'r#nirrnr:ln rfrsJil
9t/ 9,/
?,o 94 aou ?to 3 4 rvir
l l fr'.:.1'l ltR'l UIU:Y U U
u - lm"t2
TJ2 -u1
:
:
a1
;*our,
}-''T2
I3T
TaJ
9r/
sa 959'/
AOU UO
01nlfla1ne./iAo.
1,[O U L1*0.10'ln 01n1 gf N Fl?'l tl tT? u'ln
.'. & )Po
P1 )Po)P,
0 0n 6[uTTUlnlstfl
fr'nto.: Bernoulli)
P2
600,000
Hrrj3rulqr ru 1 ur;ulnl
&V' -T,
(t)v,
(p, ) LLfiot'jr P, > % il qer P2 fren'rrud'u
% > P, rirtffignoYutiliiunoed'ruuu
q 27oc
P,Y,
T2
(zoXr 1oo)
P,
(H
tv?lo 96
9r,/aou ga 3
300 330
V2 - 20,000 m'
Gorflur3u 20,000 x 30 : 600,000 ulyl
ln rfr s il a o lt'[#in'Lr+n m er i
rons imeJlollasr{ t 203 etr rln i rr nr :-[ a ufr a a,r
l),/ lY?la 97 aou ?to 4 30
F,
00
z?o ga nou fia 2 nrcoflrtr finerrurJreTr'lfia rvirn'u eo rsu6raJn:9yaJ6-tqtta./-A
R'tT{14?9t.11JU1q [Uiln?1?An => Rll^tLflilOUetq
It
T2O _I
- lolosl-L = [U)'"r, 12 [n,J
- 20los R2
"R,
= los R2
')3
-R2FtJ
-30m
1
10
R2
ofa'l}b?6tt m =
= nTyontf't
:> i'grn o ri:yu'j'r.: nruenri':to qTdri'nqqJq
(uno.:'jrfl ?'t tl u'trlr^trYnrurnn'jr 30 cm)
- (1)I -+@
s-f.tf
30-ff = 60 cm n?tilu't?Tn.lTrntri'mrflu + -) nrrenr{r
ly 9t/ 5?lo 99 aou ?to 2
2
Cfisrri-"'----.lf
dAr,6n.
unuftq d+ - ("-1)^ uoufiq u* - nl.L ( 2) -L
ln rfr s il a a %t#5ntr,ln n er i
rcr6rs irnE 1F['rasr{ t 204 itr rln ?rr nr ;-[n rfi Er ilr
9,/ 9t /sa 100 aou ?lo 2
ilal 01 aou ila
1.5
a.t 5l q,/ a.t
8 AT1n1T LHT| nt{'t1,ttLfl.l 7 5% =[#)ooo) - 37 5 nLilt,t$
2s0 -
F
A37s
A
1.5
E
A m',.6.
2
A9t0 il
q
1"1
)"2
s{erenqA (e. ) il an nry?rufi rirtri'ru ruvTn rH go'q
- sin0,
sin90"
- sin60"
- "11
2
9v
?to 102 aou9v
?a
n.
?J.
Ft.
t.
3nnn$A
29t
nn$
nnqt
Ft une 09'/
fivi'o.rflr ufioe'rnnlTn;v 16{ Lr6(.r rLfl.rfirir rtun:y 16.:td'6n'ir 116r.rfiuq.lc)/
f.:fiurfr rfiqornnr:fi'n rH ud,r ssyi'ot,rnnun'r utuH rrri.IrA9,/j
Ltn U !Lfl',] fl?'l { n n1.l ll9l?'l lJ LlJ u ell n n 6[91q
j r r T do q e,/ e,/
L u 0 tL fl{ il'l u tt il 1A Ll\ n 1 T 0 u 9t Yt r Ln n'l r ru tn 3.J tt 6[.] n q R.l
fl1T1ili.',:'lo
01n1F[
'[a rfi s il aa u'[#inl[un tr ar i
lang img"lrl'lasri t 205 etr ri'n i rr nr :'[ n ufr s er
lr'/
UO 103 nau ila 4 25
LL fl.,]1J 1,['t U LLn l,[il tJ dr #rUqat
01 nril Ft?'r s.J ul?Trnl rTn(u
tLt,r? rL 6il.r d'o nTufi o oTr t n-flq
= 25 cm
9/9ila tot oau rTo + r,iroornnorl:vn e'hJnroqoil:vq e "d
z-.E,urt
2qEBEAqAr rB
l
I
X l-XI
1m
ru oofdnu1illdfllq
EA
KQo)t;2q
x'2
2X
x'-4x+Z
o (rp-o)EB
KQ"
(1 - ^)'1
I-2x**T0
rlq
x - 2tJ,
x : 2-J,
ffi)2a)
-bt
IA
L1A0{01n
ln 16 s s{ a o ?bt#intun rr ar i
x<1
lonEJ ?ms'lrf1asri t 206 dr#n?rT n'r:'tnr8sil
A.ldtt
n? LnuilTva a ofl1t'11,[
c;" = cl *c'= 50pF
a/'A6la./dly{ n {.,1't lAyt flv 6[ru Lugt ? Ln u il:yQ
u - lcv'2
- +(ro x 10-6 Xq)2'= 2.25x 10-4 J
ila 105 aou ila 3 z.zsx 1o -a
9,/ lY?to 106 stou sa 2
lr,/uo 107
rlU
fi q ofif;izrt,t1 o 6r%1 N'h{ fl 'r rvir fiu o,q
Av d, ret . aJ KQilG[nu lil]$11tl't1nu
a
4t+1)2)
90" ugor.:'j'rrflu ?.:o: C
fll.r't rutrnhilr ( rr n ror of; il q ct gt* rin nr na"n d'r.: ri'ulfl uguri
d'nsi'lrnhilr nrnnri il oogurinnl{ V - qlr,/ 5l dila 2 'luzlnrsfr v(t) - vm osiizr,l1o
1,t,ll - 0
1nna.rn1r "(t) - V-sin(: r 4t), i(t) = r-rirrfr t\
cD = 314 radls nrvunfrfl't1ruqirrd'nri
Is
nc[- / v''': i'
aou
a
1 n rfr Er il a a ?bt#inelr,u or m ar i
[6[ng iYrEJ'Ifi'lagr{ t 207 et'r rln i rr nr :'[ a rfr er a,r
A
zuo
4. fio
l),/ lr,/
?lo 108 aou ?to
9v
?,o 109 aou
1,
2.
3.
4. fio
9'/ t)'/
?to 110 stou ?o 3
crl-Znn3r4 - 20. 14F
f - 50}{zolnn:rul il%nrrLL6[=o
, i , Vl 9,/ a d A i?9t'l?10'l1A LOO'lnil LA 0T 910 Vr_,
1.
nn$
A
zuo
2.
3. =%J'ri r ff.:'lrnh1 r fd nil r ft u rfi o du L illl'r vr .: o :fi fr R rvir #u(llo,
150
I"Jnit
3.6
P
kW.hrP b+\
1000 \ /
150 i'aei-
tv?to 4
nn(U
nn$
nn(U
valvio fl r a nd fr'u nr :n r u q Er Fr x1 aJ u %r s o o u ni uTa u ctll rni ooisr u r.i t,lln n cf u da A .l y A,, U ftYl;€t?{Ylil 0 n 0 tgn?1 iln u1il Lil [o:t?]l
iTru vr o ouIm:o (Bluetootn; t"fi.: d6ur l:r r:o
lun a o oyl a a o r:arquei' 6 rfi n o:a usuta rl:a m rirt#rfi oi.r fi uv ud'r uv nrcyr us
nufl'lTtTa{l!d.:U,tlee , i
x - ray [tJ to?on?']il14u1tlaaT?oflouTaguqtR T0uT?
v
RB
mv2
R
mv2
RV
BR
-[a u8 Er Er 6[ a r,tt#in'[un ?1 il i
F.
qVB _
q
rans inslcf'rasr{ t 208 iirrinirrnr:'[n rfrsar
9'/ lY?to 111 aou uo 1 0.27
I-
0.275x10-em
0.275 nm
trtra 112 oou ?to 2 n=2
ri.: 6 r fi n o: o uEir EJ n rr il eir r er-n f t z v rirtfb r fi n or : o ufi w n-r.: 1u 1 2 ev rrirrur{u a r o a iltalot:rou rirl#finn-.r.r'tu -13.0 + 12 = -1.6 eV
En_ +n-
-1.6_ #n = 2.91
.'. ori;frufd 2il
v2-v1
"( , _ 1 ')
f. )"2 )", )6ilil n1 r:J :r n fl n'l rnihlT qr 6 r fi n nin W+e\
MV
6.6 x 10-30
lv ty?to 113 stou ?lo 4
ornTo wi
@-o
- W+eV, -) O
- W+eV, -) @
hc
),
hc
1,1
hc
lv2
h"( L- 1) :(r, L' )e(% -v,)
.(% -v,)
'[+ ;)
lnrfisilaa%t#intuotrrui
lang ?ner1r['lagr{ t 209 etrrlnirT nr:-tnrfrsil
9rr0ra 114 aau ro 1 e+1
t?N-t'uc+!x0
qrarrio 1. e+1
t tY aci f d?ta 115 srou ga 3 0.465 tilflco[ana:o}tt?aa
-!e+.lc -+ 2y
-?. - drfinqr:ouftrurn o.o0o5 u0E --+ Tn8qr:ou rurnrvirdrfino:au 0.0005 u+l V a 6rr uvt dsn N dDIDtl lsD
Irnloou (D -+ hifirurn
0.0005u+0.0005u = 0.001 u
= 0.001 (930 Mev)
= 0.93 Mev
.'. Iv-ln aurtsinsei'r fi iln-{.:ru 0.465 Mev
tYlYf'dvdg/sa 116 nau so 2 oilu%tanoc[14%ox0o1{?1:4no'l}t /
v d u q i ' u T a a o4v I c X ^o't{auflfl4tJuTaun't[0{11{[?n1il[Yt1nuilil1.[T0u[nnv{ao o.:Yn[14fi1.[uutnntn1,[v,tuil?1J0.10?.:
funfufiu.reirurdsrryirfu d'ror.ro"uvrfTno::ouTnnTouhifinr:raruu:auor-ruotosrirlrfinuuulnnrfiuor'ru€90l{YtTYlnolu
q
ila'ltl srou ?ia z nrierom:rfirarnuqq
'lurir.:nnr.:rdaufiurrerruor'oorfiEreirirorilunciruorruru.::Jo.: osrordourrireiqrr:rfraut uiufr zt&-eau6tsqgq
rurroru o.ruumr.:souflroiruffqlqcr:l.lonlurrn'] 18.00 u. r:rov#.:rnortfiunajruorruru.::Jor 1:rdnqer6nlq
AaUreuadoXfiro s rffurrriur'rei'r u uasa so n n.:t:Jnfo runuoer orfr o ti tir ru o.: n.:fiurur nirunar.:ri'arrXrt:Jmr.:fi sr
ud.aes'rlroonaslnu nnilqr?emuilh (T'rflr+) ol?tlilr?1s[n (:rfirun:) o1']outtunilriorhl:rdnruril
om:Jar${:rfiftu) orrun;1:rdtruu; unvottt-t 1:rfirrqun1 qrrrudroYu
o r d , u al,le ' I - t e"[u$qi n;tilr r:ro g rfi un6i ruotlon::rfi1d'o cir.: rurnfi qo o n { ru d'rq oo ooduovufi u 1 0 - 1 1 nci ruq
- Y A - d Ve a v q -- -- A t v A a r
oluuo'nfrosntrnorffuloiyrrrfiflovfiroon"lurrnr 18.00 u. 6o nejruorrirnGoorr:rfinqun rnsn6iili" - A & t a a aa
o'r?mfl1n{ac[Til1uqail't fl 0 nflilo''l?€r1.[9r14T00'l?T'1fliln1l
'[n rfr s il 6{ a ltt#intua?1 il ;
r$ns ivrslrrlrsr{ t 210 drrlnirT nr:-tnrfrsru
ila fa nau #a + rdar.lfirtreiilil:crilqdnTantsYocrfrr,toeoorfi nriduTosdail'lilnrolsi1. nn tvl:rslutdout'tq:*nrnru Innosri''udnlnnrnfiarrirfiror{arfinEi rrosn'udnlnnlsioanornor.:
ar fi qr ei 6 lrirlri'finT n nto"'ril un nr r 6 uvrtrfu
2.en tn:rclutdauilnttntJ Tnnasra.-udnTnnlsirfrnror.:orfiqrri 6.:rirlri'nnrnnr.:{usJlurun.jr4vatnnrt6u rrnsn'ufin Inntufioaonornor.rorfiqrd 6nirtri'rrn'rnrrdnTnnrnfionnrrduurrurun,irnnr.:fu
3. nn tvl:rs1ut6ouf,umnru Innosra"'udnTnnlqirrirraror.:orfioEJ 6.:rirlri':J:crmnfioeivrr.rdnlnnlEia
ril ur1 giou rasil:s ryrFryrr.:6nTnn nafi o ril uq ouurr+. fio rlr:rlorn3:Jlut6oufiurnru Tnno;ra-urfrugudger:rrirnror.:oT find orlorfioEio;duvrrrfiss qi'--ci"---
nsfuoonunsnnilr{fiflocfuqrnua 6os'lildorul:lvrtfinrnfrontatsi 6.:rirlri'rrnrnar{iuuncnnrrdur:r.lrvirniu
9lU tJ il t.] Uq
o rin.:otnfl$
4 o.:gt't
rio ttg srou ?io s otiaon,irod 4o 50'qtg q
nr:ruotttluorrtnfroorjn.:orntouflrrurnntoriouduoqjn-urirnr6oqro.:druililrfi#.:rnsr IA A t ' v __.a^ _A-yy- | y .t!_1!-.^_' -t . J rl .,-- .a c d a110.1e'l'llfi1*0tlrl'ltvl']nudsaaoiltJfl.o[naad rir{arrnnorint6oonliiu'[rlyrrtrnfla fiosrua{rfiuorrrnflo
q t vA- i , ^ i? a u?l1 tltn n?'l ruyt fl.: [n a yt 0 u 6tr nc6o o dr ni-l{!{
ornlonri nurdlrrtilri#.:rnorfiuorrrfifrofinc6oo 18a{fl1 +0fi16:iqr{fliln?{lynt ., #ttnqrliuollrilfladnsfioo ts 0.rfl1 50 v,l6:Jor.q s
-& a qo{rlu outfiutlnriastfiuorrtufraode.:n'iroun:rrny{ e 1B a,:g'r 40 filfirJor - 13 a{er..t so flfi:Jorr =
so fi16:Jqr (1 o.:Fr"t = oo f,16:lqr)
/\/ila tzo srou ria 4 M,l ,*5 IllI\ vn/
o1iln0n1:or.15ndknruo-ru |u=oornTovrf riruuotd' Mr = rurnra.:r#ouri.:
MR = il?nT.:rJolyi.tsrururi.:ornretttnctd'oty{fi1
vr = omrurirrJnrsra.:rd'on^{6.J
VR = orrrut5riln'lulo{u"lultuei.:ornrgre__Xtilriluo?st?u']1.{ = lrurruuqrlruto.:nirtfiorrr6.t
M*Vn - MM
MR = MtVt
VR
il? n:? ilfl o{1J o.t u'lu = tJ? fl u,lu * ru? nt o.:n-.: ldo rwird 6o'[iln-u sJr u
e,/ y9t.1%1t MR * Mr
M. N.M,+ ' ''u*
MR = ',[,+;]
1 n rfr s il d a %'[#in'[r,ra ?1 il ;