saqarTvelos sajaro moxeleTa profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda

gadawyvetilebis miRebasa da molaparakebebis warmarTvis teqnikaSi

CAPACITY-BUILDING OF THE GEORGIAN LEADERSHIP COMMUNITY FOR IMPROVED

DECISION-MAKING AND NEGOTIATION SKILLS

winamdebare gamocemaSi warmodgenili politikis dokumentebi

Seiqmna proeqtis _ `saqarTvelos sajaro moxeleTa profesiuli

SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis miRebasa da

molaparakebebis warmarTvis teqnikaSi~ _ farglebSi. yvela

dokuments Tan axlavs reziume inglisur enaze, sadac mokled aris

gadmocemuli ZiriTadi daskvnebi.

The Public Policy Paper Series includes policy documents developed within

the Capacity-Building of the Georgian Leadership Community (CBGL)

project. The English-language version of each policy paper summary can

be found at the end of the publication.

proeqti xorcieldeba SvedeTis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos finansuri mxardaWeriT

The Project is funded by the Swedish International Development Agency

samecniero xelmZRvanelebi: arCil gegeSiZe vladimer papava aleqsandre rondeli

Mentors: Archil Gegeshidze Vladimer Papava Alexander Rondeli

redaqtori: rusudan margiSvili

Editor: Rusudan Margishvili

teqnikuri redaqtori: artem meliq-nubarovi

Technical Editor: Artem Melik-Nubarov

saavtoro uflebebi daculia da ekuTvnis saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis

kvlevis fonds. werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe wignis arc erTi nawili ar SeiZleba gadaibeWdos nebismieri, maT Soris, eleqtronuli an meqanikuri formiT.

© saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobaTa kvlevis fondi 2012 weli

All rights reserved and belong to Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including electronic and mechanical, without the prior written permission of the publisher

Copyright © 2012 Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies

proeqtis Sesaxeb

programa ,,saqarTvelos sajaro moxeleTa profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis miRebasa da molaparakebebis warmarTvis teqnikaSi” miznad isaxavs daexmaros saqarTvelos mTavrobas marTvis sferoSi arsebuli problemebis daZlevaSi. proeqti iTvaliswinebs saSualo rgolis sajaro moxeleTa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis warmomadgenelTa CarTvas politikis SemuSavebisa da molaparakebis warmarTvis teqnikis dasaxvew praqtikul mecadineobebSi. es mecadineobebi moicavs ara marto Tanamedrove midgomebis danergvas qarTul sajaro administraciasa da sajaro politikaSi, aramed saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis sakiTxebze sajaro politikis dokumentebis SemuSavebas. proeqti aseve xels Seuwyobs qarTvel sajaro moxeleTaTvis marTvis Tanamedrove midgomebis Sesaxeb codnis, praqtikisa da unarebis gacnobas.

programas afinansebs SvedeTis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagento (SIDA) da axorcielebs saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis kvlevis fondi (GFSIS). am proeqtis farglebSi GFSIS-is ZiriTadi partniorebi arian SvedeTis sajaro administraciis instituti (SIPU International) da estoneTis diplomatiis skola (EDK).

programa xels uwyobs sajaro mmarTvelobis kulturis Camoyalibebas, romelic aris angariSvaldebuli da iTvaliswinebs qarTuli sazogadoebis saWiroebebs. garda amisa, programa miznad isaxavs gadawyvetilebis miRebis sferoSi qarTuli mmarTvelobis SesaZleblobebis gaZlierebas, rom gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesi gaxdes ufro gamWvirvale da iyos moqnili garemoebaTa cvlilebis Sesabamisad. programa aseve moicavs saqarTvelos saxelmwifo seqtorebsa da organizaciebs Soris TanamSromlobis gaumjobesebas da saxelmwifo moxeleTa SesaZleblobebis gazrdas, raTa saqarTvelo ukeT warmoCndes saerTaSoriso doneze sxva saxelmwifoebTan Tu saerTaSoriso organizaciebTan urTierTobisas.

programa xorcieldeba oTxi wlis manZilze (2009-2013 ww.) da Sedgeba Semdegi oTxi komponentisgan:

sajaro moxeleTa profesiuli momzadeba politikis analizisa da molaparakebebis teqnikaSi. konkursis gziT SerCeul qarTvel sajaro moxeleebs qarTveli, estoneli da Svedi eqspertebi eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi utareben mecadineobas sajaro politikis analizisa da molaparakebis teqnikis Sesaswavlad. amasTan, monawileebi SeimuSaveben politikis dokuments qveynisaTvis aqtualur sakiTxebze. am procesSi maT xelmZRvaneloben GFSIS-is eqspertebi. politikis dokumentebis dasrulebis Semdeg xdeba maTi sajaro ganxilva da xuTi saukeTeso naSromi gamoicema. programis am komponents asrulebs saswavlo-gacnobiTi viziti estoneTSi. programis farglebSi swavlebis kurss gaivlis sajaro moxeleTa xuTi jgufi/nakadi. TiToeul jgufSi iqneba daaxloebiT ocdaxuTi monawile.

trenerTa momzadebis (ToT) komponentis farglebSi qarTveli specialistebi qarTul enaze SeimuSaveben saswavlo programebsa da saswavlo masalebs sajaro administraciis, molaparakebis teqnikis, genderisa da mravalferovnebis, xarjTsargeblianobis, proeqtis marTvisa da Sefasebis sferoebSi. dagegmilia programis bolo ori nakadisTvis swavlebis qarTul enaze Catareba.

adamianuri resursebis marTvis komponenti moicavs qarTul sajaro samsaxurSi adamianuri resursebis marTvaSi CarTul profesionalTa Soris Tanamedrove praqtikis danergvis xelSewyobas. am komponentis meore amocanaa adamianuri resursebis marTvis sferoSi maRalkvalificiuri swavlebisaTvis adgilobrivi SesaZleblobebis gazrda.

sajaro politikis qseli miznad isaxavs sajaro politikis sferoSi samTavrobo struqturebis warmomadgenlebsa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebas Soris aqtiur TanamSromlobas da informaciis gaziarebas proeqtis vebgverdis Seqmnisa da kursdamTavrebulTa prfesiuli qselis Camoyalibebis gziT.

ABOUT THE PROJECT

“Capacity-building of the Georgian Leadership Community for Improved Decision-making and Negotiation Skills” is designed to assist the Georgian government in addressing its governance challenges. This multi-component initiative aims to introduce and reinforce modern management skill sets, proficiency and practice among Georgian public officials. The project engages directly with middle level public servants and civil-society representatives through practical in-service training in policy development and negotiation techniques. Apart modernization of the Georgian public administration and public policymaking, the project activities seek to deliver actionable policy documents on the issues of national importance. The project activities and the policy initiatives will be consistent with and supportive of principles of gender and diversity equality. The program is funded by the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA). The Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies (GFSIS), along with its principal partners - the Swedish Institute for Public Administration (SIPU International) and the Estonian School of Diplomacy (ESD), is the main implementer of the program. The program will promote a likeminded leadership culture that is accountable and oriented to meeting the needs of the Georgian society. Furthermore, the program aims at strengthening the Georgian government capacity in decision-making, as well as increasing its transparency and flexibility in responding to the changing circumstances. In addition, this initiative intends to improve organizational cooperation among the Georgian public sectors and the country’s interaction with other states and international organizations. The program, which will be implemented during four years (2009 – 2013), includes the following components: Training for government officials in policy and negotiation techniques - Selected Georgian public servants will complete an eight-month intensive training program in public administration, policy planning and negotiation techniques. Georgian, Swedish and Estonian experts will conduct the training. Furthermore, under the guidance of GFSIS mentors, the participants will work on the issues pertinent to the country development policy. The training will be followed by a public discussion of the policy papers and a study visit to Estonia. The best five papers will be published in Georgian and in English. There will be five training groups in total with approximately 25 participants in each group. The training of trainers (ToT) component - Through the project's training of trainers (ToT) component, Georgian professionals will develop the Policy and Negotiations Training Program curriculum and teaching materials in Georgian. Topics covered under this training include Public Administration, Public Policy Planning, Negotiation Techniques, Gender and Diversity, Cost Benefit Analysis, Project Management/Change Management and Program Evaluation. Under the project framework, professional training programs will be implemented in the above listed fields for Georgian government employees and civil society representatives in the Georgian language. Professional development training for HR managers - The project's HR component aims to provide knowledge in modern Human Resources Management (HRM) practices among Georgian HR-managers within line ministries and other governmental agencies. A second objective of the component is to build domestic capacity to deliver high quality training in HRM. The component will include needs-based training sessions on professional development and a study visit to Sweden. A knowledge and resource sharing component - This component is aimed to promote greater communication, knowledge sharing, consultation and collaboration among public-policy stakeholders across the Government of Georgia and civil society through establishing a project's website and organizing number of alumni retreats.

s a r C e v i

saqarTveloSi dedaTa sikvdilianobis Semcireba

maia nikoleiSvili……………………...………………………………..…7 uwyebaTaSorisi koordinaciis gaumjobeseba bunebrivi da teqnogenuri katastrofebis Semcirebis mizniT

olga SaSkina……………………………...........………………..……...…21

genderuli balansis miRweva saqarTvelos parlamentSi

ana wurwumia...........…………………………..........................................…37

migraciis marTvis gamowvevebi saqarTveloSi: `Ria karis~ politikis mizanSewoniloba

giorgi Wexani...........................................................................................…59

rezumeebi inglisur enaze………............................................................……..…77

uwyebaTaSorisi koordinaciis gaumjobeseba

bunebrivi da teqnogenuri katastrofebis Semcirebis mizniT

olga SaSkina

`hiogos samoqmedo CarCo-programis katastrofebis riskis Sesamcireblad~ erovnuli pasuxismgebeli piri, garemosdacviTi politikisa da saerTaSoriso

urTierTobebis departamenti, saqarTvelos garemos dacvis saministro

r e z i u m e

saqarTvelo stiqiis katastrofuli procesebis ganviTarebis masStabebiT,

raodenobiTa da amis Sedegad mosaxleobisa da sainJinro-sameurneo obieqtebisaTvis

miyenebuli negatiuri Sedegebis mixedviT msoflios mTian mxareTa urTules regions

ganekuTvneba. bolo 40 wlis manZilze saqarTveloSi stiqiuri movlenebis Sedegad

gamowveulma zaralma 14 miliard aSS dolars gadaaWarba, daiRupa aTasze meti adamiani,

xolo ekomigrantebis statusiT 60 000-mde ojaxi iqna gadasaxlebuli. stiqiuri

procesebiT gamowveuli yovelwliuri zarali, saSualod, 100-150 mln laris farglebSi

meryeobs. amasTan, bolo periodSi SesamCnevia bunebrivi katastrofebis gaxSireba.

riskebis Semcirebis mizniT saTanado RonisZiebebis SemuSaveba-ganxorcielebis

SemTxvevaSi katastrofebiT gamowveuli ziani da masStaburi ekonomikuri zarali

SeiZleba iqnes Tavidan acilebuli an Semcirebuli. oficialuri statistikuri

monacemebis mixedviT, riskis Semcirebaze daxarjuli yoveli dolari zogavs

katastrofebis Sedegad miyenebuli ekonomikuri zaralis 5-dan 10 dolaramde.

katastrofebis riskis Semcireba mniSvnelovani elementia rogorc katastrofebis

marTvisTvis, ise mdgradi ganviTarebisTvis. saqarTveloSi stiqiuri procesebis

Sedegebze damokidebulia iseTi dargebi, rogoricaa turizmi, hidroenergetika, soflis

meurneoba, mSenebloba, transporti.

saqarTvelo aqtiurad aris CarTuli saerTaSoriso procesebSi. aseve

aRsaniSnavia, rom katastrofebis riskis Semcireba dokumentSi _ `saqarTvelosa da

gaeros gegma ganviTarebis xelSewyobisaTvis 2011-2015“ (UNDAF) _ gamokveTil sam

prioritetSi Sedis (katastrofebis riskis Semcireba, demokratiis ganviTareba,

siRaribis aRmofxvra).

gaerTianebuli erebis evropis ekonomikuri komisiis (UNECE) meore

garemosdacviTi saqmianobis efeqtianobis SefasebaSi, romelic gakeTda 2009 wels da

damtkicda 2010 wels gaeros evropis ekonomikuri komisiis (UNECE) eqspertTa jgufis

da erovnuli monawileebis mier, aRniSnulia, rom miuxedavad imisa, rom sxvadasxva

samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo struqturebi da dawesebulebebi monawileoben

katastrofaTa marTvis ciklis sxvadasxva etapze, am seqtorSi mTliani Zalisxmeva mainc

21

gabneuli da dacalkevebuli rCeba. saqarTveloSi srulad funqcionaluri erovnuli

koordinaciis meqanizmis an erovnuli platformis Seqmnas udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs.

TvalsaCinoa gazrdili koordinaciis aucilebloba, romelic ara mxolod dagvexmareba

ekonomikuri danakargebis Tavidan acilebaSi, aramed gadaarCens adamianTa sicocxles.

Cemi rekomendaciebi efuZneba saerTaSoriso, saukeTeso praqtikas. dokumentis

SemuSavebisas visargeble oficialuri samecniero monacemebiT, saerTaSoriso Sefasebis

dokumentebiTa da saerTaSoriso konvenciebiT.

dokumentSi ganxilulia koordinaciis gaumjobesebis sami alternativa: 1.

koordinaciis meqanizmis gaZliereba uSiSroebis sabWos farglebSi; 2. erovnuli

platformis Seqmna, romelsac xelmZRvanelobs premier-ministris aparati; 3. erovnuli

platformis Seqmna, romelic daregistrirdeba, rogorc arakomerciuli iuridiuli

piri.

Cem mier SemuSavebul dokumentSi vamtkiceb, rom zemoT aRniSnuli sami

alternatividan optimaluria iseTi erovnuli platformis Seqmna, romelsac premier-

ministris aparati xelmZRvanelobs. am alternativis arCeva agreTve uzrunvelyofs

katastrofaTa riskis Semcirebis procesis erovnul sakuTrebasa da xelmZRvanelobas.

platformis koordinaciis mxardamWeri unda iyos garemos dacvis saministro. aseve

gasaTvaliswinebelia yvela dainteresebuli mxare: Sesabamisi saministroebi da

saxelmwifo struqturebi, kerZo seqtori, akademiuri da kvleviTi dawesebulebebi,

arasamTavrobo da saerTaSoriso organizaciebi, romlebic moqmedeben saqarTveloSi

bunebrivi katastrofebis riskis Semcirebisa da bunebrivi katastrofebis marTvis

sferoSi. aseve sasurevlia am procesebSi saqarTvelos sapatriarqos CarTva.

2005 wels saqarTvelo, gaerTianebuli erebis 168 wevr-qveyanasTan erTad,

SeuerTda hiogos samoqmedo CarCo-programas (Hyogo Framework for Action), romelic

bunebrivi riskebis mimarT msoflios usafrTxoebis gazrdis 10-wlian gegmas

warmoadgens da mxars uWers iseTi erovnuli integrirebuli meqanizmebis Seqmnas da

gaZlierebas, rogoricaa mravaldargobrivi `erovnuli platformebi~. mxardaWeris

mizania, rom katastrofebis riskis Semcirebis (DRR) erovnuli platforma

warmoadgendes katastrofaTa riskis Semcirebis samuSaoebis koordinaciisa da

politikis kursis gatarebis erovnul meqanizms; mas unda hqondes mravaldargobrivi da

disciplinaTaSorisi xasiaTi da masSi unda monawileobdes sajaro, kerZo da samoqalaqo

sazogadoeba, rac uzrunvelyofs qveyanaSi yvela dainteresebuli mxaris CarTulobas.

amJamad 78 qveyanaSi ukve Camoyalibda katastrofaTa riskis Semcirebis erovnuli

platformebi, saidanac 20 evropuli saxelmwifoa.

erovnuli platformis Seqmnas Tan axlavs garkveuli upiratesobebi _

informaciis gaziareba, codnis gacvla da teqnologiis gadacema erovnul platformebs

Soris, erovnul doneze gaumjobesebuli koordinacia da politikis miReba, magram

garda amisa, erovnuli platformis arseboba mniSvnelovnad zrdis fondebis mozidvis

SesaZleblobebsa da saerTaSoriso daxmarebas.

22

rac Seexeba uSiSroebis sabWos farglebSi koordinaciis meqanizmis gaZlierebas,

unda aRiniSnos, rom bunebrivi katastrofebis riskis Semcireba erovnuli uSiSroebis

sabWos mravalferovani dRis wesrigis mxolod erT-erT elements warmoadgens. misi

struqturis gamo srulyofilad ver moicavs yvela dainteresebuli mxaris

monawileobas, magaliTad, arasamTavrobo, saerTaSoriso organizaciebisa da kerZo

seqtorisas. amave dros monitorings, prognozirebas da Sesabamisi rekomendaciebisa da

Sesasrulebeli samuSaoebis Sesaxeb informaciis miwodebas axorcielebs garemos dacvis

saagento, romelic warmoadgens garemos dacvis saministros nawils.

erovnuli platformis im formatis SemTxvevaSi, romelic gulisxmobs mis

arakomerciul iuridiul pirad daregistrirebas, dafinansebis ZiriTadi xarjebi

sawevroebiT ifareba. organizaciis am formas erovnuli platformis Seqmnis yvela

upiratesoba aqvs, Tumca amave dros misi efeqtianoba kiTxvis niSnis qveS dgeba, radgan

saqarTveloSi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis umetesobas ar SeuZlia warmoadginos

wevrTa Senatanebi, magaliTad, rogorc es xerxdeba germaniaSi. rac Seexeba politikur

impulss, SedarebiT naklebi iqneba, vidre wina alternativis SemTxvevaSi.

rekomendaciis nawilSi aRwerilia platformis etapobrivad Seqmnis procesi.

S e s a v a l i

ukanaskneli aTwleulebis manZilze msoflioSi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda bunebrivi

katastrofebis sixSire da Tanmdevi adamianiseuli da materialuri danakargebis

masStabebi.

riskebis Semcirebis saTanado RonisZiebebis SemuSavebisa da ganxorcielebis

SemTxvevaSi SesaZloa Tavidan iqnes acilebuli katastrofebiT gamowveuli ziani da

masStaburi ekonomikuri zarali. qveynebis mTavrobebi TavianTi SesaZleblobis

farglebSi axorcieleben kanonmdeblobis morgebas arsebul cvlilebebze, amasTanave

saWiro zomebis miRebas bunebrivi da teqnogenuri riskebis Semcirebisa da Sedegebis

SerbilebisaTvis. mraval ganviTarebul qveyanaSi SemuSavda katastrofaTa marTvis

erovnuli programebi, Seiqmna katastrofebis riskis Semcirebis erovnuli platformebi.

saqarTvelo aqtiurad aris CarTuli saerTaSoriso procesebSi, romlebic

mimarTulia katastrofebis riskebis Semcirebisa da Sedegebis Serbilebisken. Tavisi

mniSvnelobis mixedviT, am procesebidan gansakuTrebiT unda gamoiyos gaerTianebuli

erebis organizaciis egidiT 2005 wels Catarebuli hiogos (iaponia) saerTaSoriso

konferencia. am konferenciaze miRebuli hiogos samoqmedi programis (2005-2015)

amocanaa 2015 wlisTvis stiqiuri ubedurebebiT gamowveuli zianis, kerZod ki, adamianTa

msxverplisa da qveynebis ekonomikuri, socialuri da ekologiuri resursebis

ganadgurebis riskis mniSvnelovnad Semcireba. saqarTvelo hiogos samoqmedo programas

2005 wels SeurTda. programaSi monawileobs 168 qveyana.

23

globaluri klimaturi cvlilebebis saerTo fonze saqarTvelos rTuli

reliefis, specifikuri geografiuli mdebareobisa da garemoze adamianis masStaburi

arakeTilsindisieri zemoqmedebis gamo qveyanaSi bunebrivi stiqiuri movlenebi

masStabur xasiaTs atarebs, maTi ganmeorebadoba xSiria, xolo saSiSroebis riski –

maRali. saqarTvelo, am movlenebiT gamowveuli negatiuri Sedegebis sididiT, msoflios

mTian qveynebs Soris erT-erTi gamorCeulia. stiqiuri movlenebis mier miyenebuli

zarali bolo 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi 552 milion aSS dolars aRwevs, rac samjer an metad

aRemateba mezobeli kavkasiuri qveynebis (somxeTi da azerbaijani) Sesabamis maCveneblebs

(ix. danarTi, cxrili 1).

saqarTveloSi sxvadasxva bunebrivi riskis albaToba maRalia, maT Sorisaa

miwisZvrebi, wyaldidoba-wyalmovardna, mewyeri, Rvarcofi, napirebis garecxva, Tovlis

zvavebi, setyva, Tavsxma wvimebi, Zlieri qari da gvalva. mxolod 2006 wels, Sinagan

saqmeTa saministros monacemebiT, sagangebo mdgomareoba gamowveuli iseTi bunebrivi

katastrofebis mier, rogoricaa Rvarcofi, mewyeri da wyaldidoba gamocxadda 86-jer,

2007 wels es ricxvi gaizarda 205-mde. es aris globaluri katastrofis tendenciebis

adgilobrivi Sedegi, rac gamoixateba bunebrivi katastrofebis ricxvis bolo 40 wlis

ganmavlobaSi 800 procentiT gazrdiT. mecnierTa azriT, bunebrivi katastrofebis

ricxvis gansakuTrebuli zrda dafiqsirda meoce saukunis bolo aTwleulSi da

ocdameerTe saukunis dasawyisSi. am periodSi marto saqarTveloSi moxda daaxloebiT 52

000 mewyeri, 2 700 Rvarcofi, ramdenime aTasi zvavi, 1 000 lokaciaze daregistrirda

mdinareebis eroziuli sanapiroebis Camongreva, moxda 180 km-iani sanapiro xazis

garecxva.

aRsaniSnavia, rom 1967-2009 wlebis periodSi geologiuri da

hidrometeorologiuri xasiaTis stiqiam qveynis teritoriis TiTqmis 70 procenti

moicva. stiqiis riskis arealSi aRmoCnda 3 aTasze meti dasaxlebuli punqti, maT Soris,

400 aTasze meti ojaxi, 1.5 milioni heqtari miwis savarguli, 550 km-ze meti sigrZis

saavtomobilo gza.12 bolo 40 wlis manZilze ekomigrantebis statusiT gadasaxlebul

iqna 60 aTasamde ojaxi, daiRupa aTasze meti, maT Soris 1987 wlidan dRemde – 600

adamiani. aRniSnul periodSi momxdarma stiqiurma movlenebma qveyanas 14 miliard aSS

dolarze meti Rirebulebis zarali miayena, xolo stiqiuri procesebiT gamowveuli

yovelwliuri zarali saSualod 100-150 mln laris farglebSi meryeobs, xolo maTi

eqstremaluri gaaqtiurebisas zogjer ramdenime miliards aRwevs (magaliTad, 1991-92

ww. miwisZvrebi, romelTac daerTo mewyrul-gravitaciuli da Rvarcofiuli movlenebis

eqstremaluri gaaqtiureba. maSin ekonomikurma zaralma ramdenime miliardi dolari

Seadgina).

12 e. wereTeli, d. berZeniSvili, b. kvirkvelia, m. gafrindaSvili da sxv. saqarTvelos teritoriaze stiqiuri geologiuri procesebis saerTo mdgomareoba, saSiSiroebis riski da ganviTarebis xasiaTi 2000 wlisaTvis. informaciuli biuleteni: miwisqveSa hidrosferos ekologiuri mdgomareobisa da saSiSi geologiuri procesebis Seswavlisa da prognozirebis Sesaxeb. Tbilisi: saqarTvelos geologiis saxelmwifo departamenti, 2000, gv. 99-410.

24

„amasTan, unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTveloSi dReisaTvis funqcionirebs aTasobiT

sxvadasxva funqciuri daniSnulebis mqone msxvili, saSualo da mcire sawarmo. moqmed

sawarmobSi momxdar SesaZlo avariebs mniSvnelovani zianis miyeneba SeuZliaT garemosa

da mosaxleobisaTvis. garda amisa, arsebobs mravali gaCerebuli sawarmo, romlebic xSir

SemTxvevaSi, yovelgvari usafrTxoebis zomebis dacvis gareSe ukontrolod aris

mitovebuli. unda aRiniSnos, rom bevri maTgani sawarmoo procesebSi iyenebda

navTobproduqtebsa da sxvadasxva saxeobis qimiur nivTierebebs, romelTa garkveuli

maragi, narCenebis saxiT, yovelgvari Senaxvis normebis dacvis gareSe darCa sawarmos

teritoriaze. Sesabamisad, sxvadasxva bunebrivi Tu anTropogenuli faqtorebis

moqmedebis Sedegad iqmneba am sawarmoebidan avariuli dabinZurebis saSiSroeba“.13

p r o b l e m i s a R w e r a

katastrofebis riskis Semcireba mniSvnelovani elementia rogorc katastrofebis

marTvisTvis, ise mdgradi ganviTarebisTvis. saqarTveloSi stiqiur procesebis

Sedegebze damokidebulia hidroenergetika, soflis meurneoba, sahaero, sazRvao da

saxmeleTo transporti, mSenebloba, turizmi. aRniSnuli dargebis swrafi tempiT

ganviTarebis pirobebSi Tavis mxvriv gaizrdeba moTxovnebi hidrometeorologiuri da

geologiuri informaciis mimarT, Seiqmneba drosa da sivrceSi ufro metad

detalizebuli stiqiuri movlenebis prognozebisa da mravalwliuri specifikuri

monacemebis momzadeba-miwodebis aucilebloba. amasTan, turizmis industriis

ganviTarebasTan erTad izrdeba moTxovna usafrTxo garemoze. Sesabamisad, bunebrivi

katastrofebis prevencia da Serbilebis RonisZiebebis efeqtiani gatareba

gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens. aRsaniSnavia, rom katastrofebis riskis Semcireba

Sedis dokumentSi _„saqarTvelosa da gaeros gegma ganviTarebis xelSewyobisaTvis 2011-

2015“ (UNDAF) _ gamokveTil sam prioritetSi (katastrofebis riskis Semcireba,

demokratiis ganviTareba, siRaribis aRmofxvra). dokuments xeli moawera saqarTvelos

mTavrobam da gaeros ganviTarebis programis koordinatorma. dokumentSi dasaxulia

katastrofebis riskis Sesamcireblad erovnul doneze gansaxorcielebeli samomavlo

amocanebi dainteresebuli mxareebis monawileobiT. dokumenti iyo SemuSavebuli hiogos

CarCo-samoqmedo programaze dafuZnebiT.

2005 wels saqarTvelo SeurTda katastrofebis riskis Semcirebis hiogos CarCo-

programas da amiT katastrofebis riskis Semcireba erT-erT saxelmwifo prioritetad

gamoacxada, gansakuTrebiT koordinaciisa da dainteresebuli mxareebis farTo

speqtris CarTvis TvalsazrisiT, igulisxmeba saministroebi da samTavro struqturebi,

13 saqarTvelos garemos dacvis moqmedebaTa meore erovnuli programa saqarTvelos garemos dacvis saministro, 2011, gv. 97-108.

25

arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, akademiuri dawesebulebebi, samoqalaqo sazogadoeba,

kerZo seqtori da masmediis warmomadgenlebi.

saqarTveloSi mTavari dawesebuleba, romelsac evaleba pasuxismgebloba

krizisebis marTvis sistemis reformirebis sferoSi saxelmwifo politikis

ganxorcielebaze, Sesabamisi winadadebebis SemuSaveba da am mimarTulebiT

uwyebaTaSorisi saqmianobis koordinacia, aris krizisebis marTvis uwyebaTaSorisi

sakoordinacio komisia, romelic prezidentis brZanebulebis (10.09.2010) safuZvelze

Seiqmna. komisias kordinacias uwevs erovnuli uSiSroebis sabWos mdivani.

formalurad sagangebo situaciebis Tavidan acilebis, am situaciebiT

gamowveuli Sedegebis likvidaciis erTiani sistemis koordinatori aris sagangebo

situaciebis marTvis samTavrobo komisia, romelic Tavis saqmianobas warmarTavs

saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sagangebo situaciebis marTvis departamentis

daxmarebiT. sagangebo situaciebis marTvis departamenti saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis

centralur doneze warmoadgens sagangebo situaciebis likvidaciasTan dakavSirebuli

amocanebis gadasawyvetad specialurad uflebamosil saxelmwifo organos. agreTve

Tbilisis meriaSi funqcionirebs sagangebo situaciebis marTvis departamenti.

saqarTvelos garemos dacvis saministro, kerZod ki, garemos erovnuli saagento,

Tavisi ZiriTadi funqciebis Sesabamisad iTvleba erT-erT mTavar erovnul organod

katastrofebis riskis Semcirebis sferoSi Sesabamisi RonisZiebebis SesamuSaveblad.

konkretulad, garemos erovnuli saagento mTeli qveynis masStabiT awarmoebs stiqiur

movlenebTan dakavSirebul sxvadasxva donis geomonitoringul kvlevebs, aseve stiqiis

eqstremaluri gaaqtiurebisas forsmaJorul pirobebSi situaciis operatiul Sefasebasa

da rekomendaciebis SemuSavebas. garemos erovnuli saagento aseve pasuxismgebelia

stiqiur hidrometeorologiur movlenebze regularuli dakvirvebebis warmoebaze, maT

prognozirebaze, Sesabamisi gafrTxilebebis momzadebasa da gadawyvetilebis mimReb

pirebamde da masmediis saSualebebamde operatiulad miyvanaze, calkeuli saxeobis

stiqiur hidrometeorologiur movlenebze (setyva, Tovlis zvavebi, atmosferuli

naleqebis deficiti) aqtiur zemoqmedebaze. aseve pasuxismgebelia niadagebis,

zedapiruli da miwisqveSa wylebis da atmosferuli haeris avariuli qimiuri

dabinZurebis monitoringze.14 garemos erovnul saagentos aqvs SemuSaveuli im

RonisZiebebis paketi, romelic saWiroa saqarTveloSi bunebrivi katastrofebis

Semsubuqebis an Tavidan acilebis misaRwevad. rekomendaciebis Sesruleba mimdinareobs

etapobrivad. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom mTliani paketis ganxorcielebisTvis saWiro

Tanxa mTlianobaSi ramodenimejer aRemateba saqarTvelos biujets. garemos dacvis

saministros ekologiuri eqspertizisa da inspeqtirebis departamenti axorcielebs

sawarmoebis garemosdacviT kontrols.

14 saqarTvelos garemos dacvis moqmedebaTa meore erovnuli programa. saqarTvelos garemos dacvis saministro, 2011 w. gv. 97-108.

26

samrewvelo usafrTxoebis politikisa da kontrolis sferoSi mniSvnelovan

saxelmwifo struqturas warmoadgens saqarTvelos ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis

saministros teqnikuri da samSeneblo inspeqcia, zemodaRniSnul inspeqcias evaleba

mometebuli teqnikuri safrTxis Semcveli obieqtebis reestris Seqmna da aRniSnuli

obieqtebis kontrolis ganxorcieleba.

saxelmwifo mniSvnelobis saavtomobilo gzebis stiqiisagan dacvis samuSaoebs

koordinacias uwevs infrastruqturisa da regionuli ganviTarebis saministro. am

saministros axlaxan damatebiT gadaeca wyaldidobisa da wylis movardnis acilebis

mizniT sanapiros gasamagrebeli hidrosainJinro samuSaoebis ganxorcielebis funqcia.

saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa,

gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa saministro axorcielebs stiqiuri movlenebis Sedegad

dazaralebuli mosaxleobis monacemTa bazis warmoebas, dazianebis Sesabamisi kategoriis

miniWebas da gansaxlebis sakiTxebis gadawyvetas.

katastrofaTa marTvis procesSi TavianTi kompetenciis farglebSi iReben

monawileobas ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis, soflis meurneobis, energetikisa da

bunebrivi resursebis saministroebi, adgilobrivi municipalitetebi da samecniero-

kvleviTi dawesebulebebi.

mniSvnelovan dainteresebul mxares warmoadgens saerTaSoriso humanitaruli da

arasamTavro organizaciebi. garda amisa, aRsaniSnavia masmediis saSualebebis roli

mosalodneli stiqiuri movlenebis Sesaxeb prognozebisa da gafrTxilebebis

operatiulad gavrcelebaSi.

amave dros unda aRiniSnos, rom arc erTi samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo

struqtura da dawesebuleba, romelic monawileobs katastrofaTa riskis marTvis

ciklis sxvadasxva etapze, ar aris CarTuli katastrofaTa riskis marTvis mTlian

procesSi, anu iseT sferoebSi, rogoricaa mzadyofna, prevencia, Serbileba, reagireba

da reabilitacia. arsebobs erTsulovneba imis Taobaze, rom faqtia gazrdili

koordinaciis gadaudebeli aucilebloba, romelic ara mxolod dagvexmareba

ekonomikuri danakargebis Tavidan acilebaSi, aramed gadaarCens adamianTa sicocxles.

gaerTianebuli erebis evropis ekonomikuri komisiis UNECE-is meore

garemosdacviTi saqmianobis efeqtianobis SefasebaSi, romelic gakeTda 2009 wels da

damtkicda 2010 wels gaeros evropis ekonomikuri komisiis (UNECE) eqspertTa jgufis

da erovnuli monawileebis mier, aRniSnulia, rom miuxedavad sxvadasxva samTavrobo da

arasamTavrobo struqturebisa da dawesebulebebis monawileobisa katastrofaTa

marTvis ciklis sxvadasxva etapze, am seqtorSi mTliani Zalisxmeva mainc gabneuli da

dacalkevebuli rCeba.

27

p r o b l e m i s g a d a W r i s g z e b i

( a l t e r n a t i v e b i )

arsebobs erTsulovneba imis Taobaze, rom aSkaraa gazrdili koordinaciis

gadaudebeli aucilebloba, romelic ara mxolod dagvexmareba ekonomikuri

danakargebis Tavidan acilebaSi, aramed gadaarCens adamianTa sicocxles. saqarTveloSi

funqcionaluri TvalsazrisiT srulyofili erovnuli koordinaciis meqanizmis an

erovnuli platformis Seqmnas udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs da swored es iyo erT-erTi

ZiriTadi rekomendacia garemosdacviTi saqmianobis efeqtianobis Sefasebis

katastrofebis riskis SemcirebasTan dakavSirebiT.

alternativa 1. koordinaciis meqanizmis gaZliereba uSiSroebis sabWos

farglebSi. amJamad is ZiriTadi dawesebuleba, romelsac aqvs mandati, rom koordinacia

gauwios Sesabamisi saministroebisa da samTavrobo institutebis Zalisxmevas da

saqmianobas krizisis marTvis, momzadebis da sagangebo mdgomareobaze reagirebis

sferoSi, aris erovnuli uSiSroebis sabWo, romelic TanamSromlobs mowveul

mecnierebsa da eqspertebTan. saqarTvelos prezidentis bolodroindeli brZanebuleba

`Seiqmnas droebiTi uwyebaTaSorisi komisia saqarTvelos erovnuli uSiSroebis sabWos

daqvemdebarebaSi krizisebis marTvis erTiani sistemis dafuZnebis koordinaciis mizniT~

avaldebulebs komisias, SeimuSaos rekomendaciebi da winadadebebi krizisis marTvis

erTiani sistemis Seqmnisa da gaZlierebis mizniT. am rekomendaciebis safuZvelze, 2011

wels saqarTvelos parlamentma erovnuli uSiSroebis sabWos Sesaxeb saqarTvelos

organul kanonSi cvlilebebi (N4673) Seitana. am cvlilebebiT qveynis interesebisaTvis

safrTxis Semcveli yvela tipis krizisuli situaciebis marTvis procesSi umaRlesi

politikuri gadawyvetilebebis mimReb organod saqarTvelos erovnuli uSiSroebis

sabWo ganisazRvra.

aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom bunebrivi katastrofebis riskis Semcireba mxolod

erTi elementia erovnuli uSiSroebis sabWos mravalferovani dRis wesrigidan. amasTan,

struqturis gamo mas ar SeuZlia saTanadod moicvas yvela dainteresebuli mxaris

monawileoba, magaliTad, arasamTavrobo da saerTaSoriso organizaciebi da kerZo

seqtori. amave dros monitoringi, prognozireba da Sesabamisi rekomendaciebisa da

Sesasrulebeli samuSaoebis Sesaxeb informaciis miwodeba xorcieldeba garemos dacvis

saagentos mier, romelic warmoadgens garemos dacvis saministros nawils.

alternativa 2. erovnuli platformis Seqmna, romelsac xelmZRvanelobs premier-

ministris aparati. 2005 wels saqarTvelo gaerTianebuli erebis 168 wevr-qveyanasTan

erTad SeuerTda hiogos samoqmedo CarCo-programas (Hyogo Framework for Action), romelic

bunebrivi riskebis mimarT msoflios usafrTxoebis gazrdis 10-wlian gegmas

warmoadgens da mxars uWers iseTi erovnuli integrirebuli meqanizmebis Seqmnas da

gaZlierebas, rogoricaa mravaldargobrivi `erovnuli platformebi~. mxardaWeris

mizania, rom katastrofebis riskis Semcirebis (DRR) erovnuli platforma

28

warmoadgendes katastrofaTa riskis Semcirebis samuSaoebis koordinaciisa da

politikis kursis gatarebis erovnul meqanizms; mas unda hqondes mravaldargobrivi da

disciplinaTaSorisi xasiaTi da masSi unda monawileobdes sajaro, kerZo da samoqalaqo

sazogadoeba, rac uzrunvelyofs qveyanaSi yvela dainteresebuli mxaris CarTulobas.

amJamad 78 qveyanaSi ukve Camoyalibda katastrofaTa riskis Semcirebis erovnuli

platformebi. am qveyanaTa Soris 20 evropuli saxelmwifoa, kerZod, somxeTi,

bulgareTi, xorvatia, CexeTis respublika, fineTi, safrangeTi, germania, ungreTi,

italia, yofili iugoslaviis respublika makedonia, monako, norvegia, poloneTi,

portugalia, ruseTis federacia, espaneTi, SvedeTi, Sveicaria, TurqeTi da

gaerTianebuli samefo. statistikis mixedviT, im qveynebSi, sadac ukve Seqmnilia

erovnuli platforma, progresi katastrofaTa riskis Semcirebis dargSi orjer ufro

swrafad mimdinareobs.

platformis Sesaqmnelad arc Sabloni arsebobs, arc formis modeli. is aris

koordinaciis instrumenti. Tumca, mainc Sevecade, rom saukeTeso saerTaSoriso

praqtikis safuZvelze gamomevlina platformis Seqmnis ZiriTadi SesaZleblobebi.

platformis Seqmna Zlier politikur nebas moiTxovs, is aucileblad unda

moicavdes yvela dainteresebul mxares. katastrofaTa riskis Semcirebis (DRR-is)

erovnuli platformis xelmZRvaneli saministros ofisi unda iyos is mudmivi

struqtura, romelic sakmaod maRal poziciaze dgas, raTa koordinireba gauwios yvela

Sesabamisi partnioris monawileobas erovnuli sakoordinacio mandatiT katastrofaTa

riskis SemcirebaSi, katastrofis marTvaSi, erovnul dagegmvasa an garemos dacvaSi.

saministros xelmZRvanel ofiss unda hqondes SesaZlebloba, efeqtianad

uxelmZRvanelos platformas, moaxdinos sxva seqtorebis koordinacia da gamoiyenos mis

xelT arsebuli berketebi politikuri nebisa da bunebriv katastrofaTa riskis

Semcirebis Sesaxeb codnis resursebis mobilizebisaTvis. amitom erovnuli platformis

Seqmna, romelsac xelmZRvanelobs premier-ministris aparati, optimaluri iqneba, xolo

mis saqmianobas, Tavis mxriv, koordinacias gauwevs saqarTvelos garemos dacvis

saministro. garemos erovnul saagentos saqarTvelos garemos dacvis saministros

daqvemdebarebaSi hyavs mravali gamocdili da cnobili mecnieri (geologebi,

meteorologebi, a.S.) da SeuZlia moamzados teqnikuri rekomendaciebi.

platforma unda moicavdes yvela Sesabamis saministros, arasamTavrobo

organizaciebs, kerZo seqtors, saerTaSoriso organizaciebs, romlebic moqmedeben

saqarTveloSi bunebrivi katastrofebis riskis Semcirebis da bunebrivi katastrofebis

marTvis sferoSi. aseve SeiZleba CaerTos saqarTvelos sapatriarqoc. platformis

mimdinare administrirebis xarjebs daafinansebs premier-ministris aparati, xolo

konkretuli saqmianobis biujets – saministroebi (Sinagan saqmeTa, garemos dacvisa da

a.S.) _ mcire subsidiebiTa da sxva platformis wevrebis SemowirulobebiT.

garemos erovnulma saagentom moamzada paketi, romelSic CamoTvlilia is

saqmianobebi, romlebic saqarTvelos teritoriaze bunebrivi katastrofebis prevenciis

29

mizniT unda ganxorcieldes. amisaTvis saWiroa arsebiTi finansebi. erovnuli

platformis Seqmna, garda iseTi upiratesobebisa, rogoricaa informaciis gaziareba,

codnis gacvla da teqnologiis gadacema erovnul platformebs Soris, erovnul

doneze gaumjobesebuli koordinacia da politikis miReba, aseve mniSvnelovnad zrdis

fondebis mozidvis SesaZleblobebs da saerTaSoriso daxmarebas.

alternativa 3. erovnuli platformis Seqmna, romelic daregistrirdeba, rogorc

arakomerciuli iuridiuli piri. evropis im 20 qveyanas Soris, romlebsac miRebuli

aqvT katastrofaTa riskis Semcirebis erovnuli platformebi, arasamTavrobo

organizaciis forma registrirebulia mxolod oTxSi (somxeTi, CexeTi, germania,

poloneTi). am formis ZiriTadi xarjebi ifareba sawevroebiT. organizaciis es forma

gulisxmobs erovnuli platformis Seqmnis yvela upiratesobas, Tumca amave dros misi

efeqtianoba kiTxvis niSnis qveS dgeba, radgan saqarTveloSi arasamTavrobo

organizaciebis umetesoba ver SeZlebs warmoadginos wevrTa Senatanebi, xolo

politikuri impulsi SedarebiT naklebi iqneba, vidre wina alternativis SemTxvevaSi.

samive alternativis Sefaseba mocemulia Sesabamis matricaSi.

m o s a l o d n e l i S e d e g e b i s m a t r i c a

alternativa 1 alternativa 2 alternativa 3

saxelmwifos xarji administrirebis minimaluri xarji

administrirebis minimaluri xarji

administrirebis minimaluri xarji

ekonomikuri da politikuri

mizanSiwonileba + + +

dainteresebuli mxareebis CarTuloba

_ + +

politikuri impulsi + + _

fondebis mozidvis SesaZleblobebi

_ + +/-

ganxorcielebadoba instituciuri TvalsazrisiT

_ + _

30

r e k o m e n d a c i e b i

zemoT aRniSnuli sami alternatividan optimaluria iseTi erovnuli platformis

Seqmna, romelsac premier-ministris aparati xelmZRvanelobs. agreTve, am alternativis

arCeva uzrunvelyofs katastrofaTa riskis Semcirebis procesis erovnul sakuTrebasa

da xelmZRvanelobas. platformis koordinacias mxars unda uWerdes garemos dacvis

saministro. gasaTvaliswinebelia yvela dainteresebuli mxare: Sesabamisi saministroebi

da saxelmwifo struqturebi, kerZo seqtori, akademiuri da kvleviTi dawesebulebebi,

arasamTavrobo da saerTaSoriso organizaciebi, romlebic moqmedeben saqarTveloSi

bunebrivi katastrofebis riskis Semcirebisa da bunebrivi katastrofebis marTvis

sferoSi. agreTve sasurevlia am procesebSi saqarTvelos sapatriarqos CarTvac (ix.

sqema 2).

pirveli da mniSvnelovani nabiji iqneba samuSao jgufis Seqmna da misi

koordinatoris daniSvna. samuSao jgufis koordinators miniWebuli unda hqondes

mandati da daniSnuli unda iyos premier-ministris mier. samuSao jgufis koordinatori

pasuxismgebelia DRR-is erovnuli platformis Camoyalibebis procesis koordinaciasa

da rekomendaciebis gawevaze, Tu rogor SeiZleba misi mdgradobis uzrunvelyofa. erT-

erTi mniSvnelovani winapirobaa, rom koordinators srulad esmodes DRR, raTa

efeqtianad SeZlos DRR-is sakiTxebis advokatireba mTel rig samTavrobo da

arasamTavrobo dainteresebul mxareebTan.

sawyis etapze unda moxdes dainteresebuli organizaciebis urTierTdakavSireba

da maTi qselis Seqmna TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb memorandumis gaformebis safuZvelze. am

procesSi mniSvnelovania jgufis koordinatoris roli.

Semadgenlobasa da struqturaze SeTanxmebis safuZvelze Semdgom nabijad

mTavrobam sxdomaze oficialurad unda waradginos katastrofebis riskis Semcirebis

erovnuli platforma da gasces Sesabamisi gankarguleba. Cemi azriT, unda Camoyalibdes

Semdegi saxis struqtura: samuSaos optimizaciis mizniT da specifikuri sakiTxebis

mixedviT platforma unda Seicavdes 4 komitets _ samrewvelo safrTxeebi da riskebi

infrastruqturis sferoSi, bunebrivi katastrofebi da klimatis cvlileba, soflis

meurneobis sferoSi arsebuli riskebi/janmrTelobasTan dakavSirebuli riskebi,

materialur kulturul memkvidreobasTan dakavSirebuli riskebi (ix. sqema 3).

amis Semdeg oficialurad, werilobiT unda gamocxaddes katastrofebis riskis

Semcirebis (DRR) erovnuli platformis Seqmna, uSualod gaeros/ISDR samdivnos saTao

ofisSi an regionul erTeulebSi. werili saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa saministrom

unda gaagzavnos gaeros Jenevis ofisSi an niu-iorkSi; werilis asli aseve unda

gaegzavnos gaeros mudmiv koordinators saqarTveloSi. werili unda Seicavdes

informacias platformis struqturisa da Semadgenlobis Sesaxeb. mizanSewonilad

mimaCnia, rom Sexvedrebi Catardes yovel sam TveSi erTxel an metjer, saWiroebis

31

mixedviT. platformis revizia unda moxdes yovelwliurad, aseve unda gakeTdes misi

efeqtianobis analizi da SemuSavdes momavali ganviTarebis rekomendaciebi.

UNISDR-s SeuZlia uzrunvelyos mxardaWera platformis Seqmnis dros. am

organizacias aqvs codna erovnuli platformis gamocdilebisa yvela regionSi. agreTve

aRsaniSnavia, rom UNDP-is aqvs proeqti `saqarTveloSi katastrofaTa riskis Semcirebis

sistemis gaZliereba~, romlis erT-erT samuSao mimarTulebas saqarTveloSi

funqcionaluri erovnuli platformis dafuZnebis mxardaWera warmoadgens.

mniSvnelovania platformam Seqmnis Semdeg srulad miiRos monawileoba DRR-is

saerTaSoriso procesebSi da iyos UNISDR-is sistemis sruluflebiani wevri. qvemoT

SemoTavazebul sqemaSi warmodgenilia saerTaSoriso qselTan TanamSromloba da

struqtura (sqema 4).

naTelia, rom DRR-is erovnuli platforma ver Seiqmneba erT dReSi – es unda

ganxorcieldes etapobrivad, raTa uzrunvelyofili iyos am meqanizmis efeqtianoba.

mniSvnelovania gaviTvaliswinoT, rom yvela mxarem, romelic CarTuli iqneba

platformaSi, sawyis etapze SeiZleba ar icodes DRR-is arsi da mniSvneloba erovnul

konteqstSi.

erT-erTi potenciuri safrTxe, romelic Tan axlavs DRR-is erovnuli

platformis Seqmnas, aris is, rom mTavrobam SeiZleba es procesi ganixilos, rogorc

wminda samTavrobo saqme, rac didi Secdoma iqneba. mniSvnelovania imis aRiareba, rom

DRR-is erovnuli platformebi dakompleqtebulia dainteresebuli mxareebiT da

moicavs mTel rig organizaciebs mTavrobis gareT.

saerTaSoriso praqtikiT DRR-is erovnuli platformis daarsebisas xSirad

`erovnuli katastrofis marTvis komitetebi~ ukve arsebobs da SeiZleba maT ganacxadon

kidec, rom isini, faqtobrivad, warmoadgenen DRR-is erovnul platformas. Tumca,

rogorc es xSir SemTxvevaSi xdeba, erovnuli komitetebi yuradRebas ZiriTadad

katastrofebis reagirebaze amaxvileben da ar warmoadgenen organos, romelic DRR-s

Seesabameba. amdenad, xSir SemTxvevaSi mizanSewonilia komitetis Tavdapirvel

mdgomareobaSi datoveba da misi warmomadgenlis, rogorc erT-erTi ZiriTadi

dainteresebuli mxaris, mowveva am jgufSi.

d a s k v n a

erovnuli platformis Seqmna mniSvnelovan rols Seasrulebs qveynis ekonomikuri

zaralisa da garemosTvis miyenebuli zianis Semcirebis TvalsazrisiT. sakiTxis

mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare da dainteresebuli organoebis farTo speqtris arsebobis

gamo me avirCie meore alternativa _ iseTi erovnuli platformis Seqmna, romelsac

premier-ministris aparati xelmZRvanelobs. es alternativa agreTve uzrunvelyofs

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katastrofaTa riskis Semcirebis procesis erovnul sakuTrebasa da xelmZRvanelobas,

mogvcems ufro efeqtian Sedegs qveynis masStabiT. platformis koordinaciis

mxardamWeri unda iyos garemos dacvis saministro.

katastrofebis riskis Semcirebis erovnuli platforma aris meqanizmi, romlis

saSualebiTac qveynebi umklavdebian urTierTdakavSirebul socialur, ekonomiur da

garemos dacviT problemebs. erovnuli platforma asrulebs prioritetebis

identifikaciis, politikis formulirebis, ganxorcielebisa da monitorignis sferos

katalizatoris rols. katastrofebis riskis Semcirebis erovnuli platforma agreTve

uwyobs xels donorebisgan resursebis gamoyofas.

l i t e r a t u r a

1. saqarTvelos garemos dacvis moqmedebaTa meore erovnuli programa. saqarTvelos garemos dacvis saministro, Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 97-108.

2. wereTeli e., berZeniSvili d., kvirkvelia b., gafrindaSvili m. da sxv. saqarTvelos teritoriaze stiqiuri geologiuri procesebis saerTo mdgomareoba, saSiSiroebis riski da ganviTarebis xasiaTi 2000 wlisaTvis. informaciuli biuleteni miwisqveSa hidrosferos ekologiuri mdgomareobisa da saSiSi geologiuri procesebis Seswavlisa da prognozirebis Sesaxeb. Tbilisi, saqarTvelos geologiis saxelmwifo departamenti, 2000, gv. 99-410.

3. Guidelines/National Platforms for Disaster Risk Reduction (UN/ISDR-03-2007- Geneva).

4. Overview of National Platforms in Europe/UNISDR Report.

5. Pulatova G., Gurguliani I. Risk Management of Natural and Technological/Anthropogenic Hazards, in: 2nd Environmental Performance Review, Georgia. New York and Geneva: United Nations, 2010, gv. 129-141.

d a n a r T i

cxrili #1

1999-2008 ww. bunebrivi katastrofebiT miyenebuli zarali samxreT kavkasiaSi

wyaro: kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavro organizaciebis qseli (CENN), bunebrivi katastrofebi, 2008

qveyana bunebrivi katastrofebiT dazaralebuli adamianebis

raodenoba

bunebrivi katastrofebiT miyenebuli ekonomikuri zarali (mln. aSS dolari)

saqarTvelo 719, 246 552

somxeTi 297,000 100

azerbaijani 43,964 170

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sqema #2

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politikuri rezoluciebis da politikuri mimarTulebebis damdgeni

premier-ministris aparati

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Olga Shashkina

HFA Focal Point, Department of Environmental Policy and International Relations Ministry of Environment Protection of Georgia

Enhancing Coordination for Disaster Risk Reduction

S U M M A R Y

Due to the complicated landscape, specific geographical location and the negative impact of human activities on the state of environment, natural disasters in Georgia are characterized by high extensiveness and frequency. Although the whole region of South Caucasus is vulnerable to disasters due to both natural and technological hazards, over the last 10 years, direct economic losses caused by natural disasters in Georgia, reaching USD 552 million, from three to over five times exceeded the same indicators in the neighboring countries, Armenia and Azerbaijan. On the territory of Georgia over the last 40 years as a result of natural and technological disasters over 1000 people died, including over 600 since 1987. From 1981 the number of eco-migrants reached 60,000 persons. Natural hazards threaten 70% of the country’s territory and 60% of human settlements.

At the same time, significant economic and human losses can be avoided and minimized with the development and implementation of proper disaster risk reduction measures. Georgia actively participates in international processes in the disaster risk reduction sphere and among 168 counties adopted Hyogo Framework for Action (2005-2015). Although Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) is not a legally binding document, by adopting it the country affirms Disaster Risk Reduction as one of the priorities for national government, especially in regards to coordination and cooperation between the national ministries and institutions, NGOs, humanitarian organizations and civil society, academic institutions, private sector as well as the media. It is noteworthy that the United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) 2011-2015, the common strategic planning framework for UN development operations and assistance in Georgia envisages disaster risk reduction as one of the three priorities of assistance (Poverty Reduction, Democratic Development, Disaster Risk Reduction). It is signed by the Prime Minister and the UN Resident Coordinator, resident and non-resident UN agencies.

Despite the fact that various governmental and non-governmental agencies participate in different phases of the disaster risk management cycle (preparedness, prevention, mitigation, response and recovery), efforts remain scattered. Currently there is a unanimous understanding of an urgent need for better coordination in disaster risk reduction, which will not only minimize economic losses but it will also save human lives. Establishment of a fully functional national coordination mechanism or a national platform is of high importance in Georgia.

The aim of the policy paper is to analyze alternatives for enhancement of coordination in disaster risk reduction in Georgia, to examine advantages as well as potential challenges of each alternative and finally, to provide sound recommendations. Recommendations are based on experiences, UNISDR guidelines, and best practices of countries with fully functional disaster risk reduction coordination mechanism.

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