saqarTvelos mTis moyvarulTa kavSiri -...

saqarTvelos mTis moyvarulTa kavSiri

saojaxo turistuli biznesisaojaxo turistuli biznesiorganizaciisa da marTvis Taviseburebani

FAMILY TOURIST INDUSTRY FAMILY TOURIST INDUSTRY of Organization and Management

Tbilisi

2005w.

winamdebare krebuli Sedgenilia arasamTavrobo

organizaciis - saqarTvelos mTis moyvarulTa kavSiris

(smmk) mier zemo svaneTis mosaxleobisaTvis daba mestiaSi

Catarebuli trening-seminaris - “saojaxo turistuli

biznesis organizaciisa da marTvis zogierTi Tavisebureba”

– masalebis safuZvelze.

seminari Catarda fridrix ebertis fondis mier dafinan-

sebuli proeqtis – “saojaxo turistuli biznesis ganviTarebis

xelSewyoba zemo svaneTSi” farglebSi.

seminaris Catarebas win uZRoda proeqtis SemsrulebelTa

eqspedicia zemo svaneTSi, romlis drosac adgilobriv mo-

saxleobasTan Sexvedrebisa da saubrebis Sedegad gamoikveTa

momavali trening-seminaris Tematika.

amave periodSi, adgilobrivi megzurebis daxmarebiT, Sesa-

Zlebeli gaxda oTxi qveiTi da erTi sacxenosno samTo-turis-

tuli marSrutis dakvalva-markireba, romelTa aRwerilobiTi

masalebic warmodgenilia amave krebulis meore nawilSi.

Cveni azriT, krebuli sasargeblo iqneba saojaxo turis-

tuli biznesiT dainteresebuli saqarTvelos sxva mTiani

regionebis mosaxleobisTvisac.

saqarTvelos mTis moyvarulTa kavSiri da mestiis raionis

sazogadoebrioba guliTad madlobas uxdis fridrix ebertis

fonds proeqtis mxardaWerisa da finansuri daxmarebisaTvis.

krebulis Sedgenaze muSaobdnen:

d. gabunia, g. qarTveliSvili, j. xanTaZe, d. javaxiSvili

koreqtori: a. jobava

kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa: m. cicqiSvili

redaqtori Tengiz gaCeCilaZe.

saqarTvelos mTis moyvarulTa kavSiri

2005w.

3

saojaxo turistuli biznesi

zogadizogadi cnobebi saqarTvelos cnobebi saqarTvelos

mTianeTis SesaxebmTianeTis Sesaxeb

kavkasionis mTiani masivi gadaWimulia 1300km-ze tamanis

naxevarkunZulidan afSeronamde. mis mTavar da gverdiT qedebze

aseulobiT Tovl-yinulovani mwvervali da uReltexilia. am

mwvervalTagan TxuTmeti simaRliT aRemateba alpebis umaRles

mwverval monblans (4810m), eqvsi maTgani ki xuTiaTasiania – ial-

buzi (5642), Sxara (5068), dixTau (5200), janRa (5059), myinvarwveri

(5033) da yoSTanTau (5152).

saqarTvelo mdebareobs kavkasionis samxreT ferdobebze

da mcire (samxreT) kavkasionis mTianeTSi. kavkasionis yvelaze

maRali da mkacri 700km-iani ubani saqarTvelos farglebSia

moqceuli. mas qveynis teritoriis erT mesamedze meti ukavia,

xolo saSualo simaRle 3520 metrs aRwevs.

qarTveli mTielebi ZvelTaganve sargeblobdnen kavkasio-

nis uReltexilebiT, mimosvla hqondaT rogorc Siga, ise gare

mezoblebTan. qarTveli mefis vaxtang VI-is emigracia ruseTSi

1200-mde warCinebulTan erTad (1724 wels), uReltexilebiT maso-

brivi gadasvlis saucxoo magaliTia. maTi marSruti nowaru-

lis xeobidan gurZi-vcekis gadasasvleliTa (3400) da fastagis

myinvaris gavliT digoriaSi gadadioda. es marSruti dResac

urTules samTo-turistul marSrutTa ricxvs miekuTvneba.

aRsaniSnavia agreTve, rom myinvarwveris kalTebze zRvis

donidan 4100metr simaRleze mdebareobs beTlemis gamoqvabuli

– uZvelesi qristianuli Zegli, gandegil wminda mamaTa salo-

cavi da sacxovrisi.

qarTulma zepirsityvierebam, Tqmulebebma da legendebma

Semogvinaxa im adamianTa saxelebi, romlebic Zvel droSi

mwvervalebze adiodnen. gadmocemis Tanaxmad, jer kidev me-

17 saukuneSi mRvdel ioseb moxeves myinvarwveric (5033) ki

daulaSqravs.

saqarTvelo odiTganve ipyrobda ucxoelebis yuraRebas.

idumalebiT moculi planetis es patara, lamazi da mdidari

kuTxe, wminda pragmatuli TvalsazrisiT, yovelTvis izidavda

rogorc azielebs, aseve evropelebs. kavkasia yovelTvis war-

moadgenda evropisa da aziis SemaerTebel xids. mas ZvelTa-

ganve mniSvnelovani geopolitikuri datvirTva gaaCnda, amitom

uamravi vaWari da sovdagari Zalauneburad moinaxulebda

xolme Cvens qveyanas, radgan igi tranzituli tvirTebis gam-

tarebel gzajvaredins warmoadgenda.

4


Cvenda sabednierod, saqarTvelosadmi interesi mxolod

ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT ar ganisazRvreboda. iyvnen adami-

anebi, romelTac ainteresebdaT Cveni geografiuli da kul-

turuli garemo, qarTuli yofa, istoria, zne-Cveulebebi da, rac

mTavaria, Cveni ulamazesi maRalmTianeTi. amgvari interesebiT

mravali mkvlevari da misioneri swvevia Cvens qveyanas. svaneTic

ZvelTaganve ucxoel mecnier-mkvlevarTa yuradRebis centrSi

iyo moqceuli. aq me-18 saukunidan moyolebuli sistematurad

moRvaweobdnen gamoCenili evropeli mkvlevarebi da mogzaurebi.

maTgan mimovixilavT mxolod im adamianebis saqmianobas, romle-

bic saqarTvelos mTiani sistemebiT iyvnen dainteresebulni.

im pirvel evropel mecnier - mogzaurTa Soris, romle-

bic kavkasiaSi da, kerZod, saqarTveloSi saqmianobdnen, unda

movixsenioT germaneli geologi herman abixi, vinc pirvelma

moxaza kavkasionis ZiriTadi konturebi, cnobili geografi da

mogzauri, didi britaneTis samefo geografiuli sazogadoebis

prezidenti duglas uiliam freSfildi. man 1868 wels pirvelma

daipyro myinvarwveri da ialbuzis aRmosavleTi mwvervali, 1896

wels - TeTnuldi da imave wels londonSi gamosca ortomeuli

“kavkasiuri gamokvlevebi”, romelsac Tavis fundamenturobis

gamo dResac ar daukargavs mniSvneloba.

kavkasions ikvlevda ingliseli d.kokini, romelmac 1888w.

pirvelma dalaSqra miuvali da gorozi samxreT uSba, ungreli

deki (misi samnawiliani wigni “kavkasia” 1905-1907 wlebSi ber-

linSi daistamba), ingliseli mumeri, mravali gamokvlevisa da

mSvenieri wignis – “Cemi asvlebi alpebsa da kavkasiaSi” – avtori,

romlis inglisuri gamocema 1903 wels franguladac iTargmna.

kavkasions miuZRvna Tavisi ornawiliani kapitaluri naSromi

cnobilma germanelma mTamsvlelma da mkvlevarma gotfrid

mercbaxerma (kavkasiis maRalmTianeTi, 1901 w.).

gamorCeuli roli Seasrula mwverval uSbis dapyrobis

epopeaSi germaneli mTamsvlelis adolf Sulces xelmZRvan-

elobiT mowyobilma eqspediciam. Sulces jgufma 1903 wels

Seupovrobisa da profesionalizmis wyalobiT, pirvelma da-

laSqra CrdiloeTi uSba marSrutiT, romelsac dRes Sulces

gza ewodeba.

udidesi wvlili aqvs Setanili kavkasionis kvleva-ZiebaSi

cnobil italiel mTamsvlels, mkvlevarsa da fotoxelovans

vitorio selas. man samjer (1889, 1890, 1896 wlebSi) moinaxula

centraluri kavkasioni, ubani, romelic moicavs kavkasionis

mTiani masivis urTules monakveTs myinvarwveridan ialbu-

zamde da kavkasionis „gulad“ wodebul yvelaze miuval da

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mkacr raions warmoadgens. vitorio selam dalaSqra mravali

mwvervali, mravaljer gadasera kavkasionis qedi, aRwera da

fotofirfitaze aRbeWda saqarTvelos ulamazesi kuTxeebis -

svaneTis, raWisa da xevis mTis landSafti, istoriuli soflebi,

arqiteqturuli Zeglebi, maSindeli yofa, ritualebi da sxva. igi

iyo kavkasionis pirveli fotodokumentalisti. misi Tavdauzo-

gavi Sromis Sedegad SemogvrCa 400-ze meti umaRlesi xarisxis

30X40 sm zomis negativi metad mniSvnelovani komentarebiT.

amgvarad, evropelma mkvlevarebma metad mniSvnelovani da

sasargeblo aRwerilobebi dagvitoves. aseve, Cvenma sasiqadulo

mamuliSvilebma, sxvadasxva dargis mecnierebma - giorgi niko-

laZem, alioSa jafariZem, soso aslaniSvilma, niko kecxovelma,

levan maruaSvilma da mravalma sxvam detalurad Seiswavles

Cveni mTianeTis yvela kuTxe-kunWuli, safuZvlianad gamoikvlies

hifsometruli da reliefuri Taviseburebani, Tovl-yinulovani

masivebi, hidrologia, alpuri zolis botanika, samTamadno sim-

didreebi, mTis eTnokulturebi da, rasakvirvelia, turistuli

infrastruqturis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi.

jumber xanTaZe,saqarTvelos mTis moyvarulTa kavSiris Tavmjdomare,

saxelmwifo da g.nikolaZis saxelobis premiebis

laureati, qimiur mecnierebaTa doqtori,

profesori.

6


saojaxo turizmis ganviTarebis saojaxo turizmis ganviTarebis

perspeqtivebi zemo svaneTSiperspeqtivebi zemo svaneTSi

saqarTvelos, rogorc tipiur mTian qveyanas, gaaCnia

uzarmazari turistul-rekreaciuli potenciali. turizmis

moyvarulTaTvis igi friad momxibvleli da saintereso mxarea.

saqarTvelo namdvili “bunebis walkotia”. mis teritoriaze

warmodgenilia TiTqmis yvela tipis bunebrivi garemo sub-

tropikebidan dawyebuli, Tovliani mTebiT damTavrebuli. ase,

rom turists survilisamebr SeuZlia moinaxulos saqarTvelo

wlis yovel periodSi, daisvenos, imogzauros da datkbes misi

bunebis mSvenierebiTa da sidiadiT.

svaneTi da, kerZod, zemo svaneTi, saqarTvelos erT-erTi

gamorCeuli kuTxea. mcenareuli safaris mwvane feris, bumberazi

Tovliani mwvervalebis kaSkaSa siTeTrisa da cis zRapruli

silurjis Sexameba dauviwyar STabeWdilebas axdens mnaxvelze.

misi ulamazesi landSaftebi, maRali da miuvali mwvervalebi,

uZvelesi kulturul-istoriuli Zeglebi da cxovelTa samya-

ros mravalferovneba yovelTvis izidavda mravalricxovan

turists.

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlamde svaneTi warmoadgenda umniS-

vnelovanes alpinistur da samTo-turistul centrs, sakmaod

kargad organizebuli da ganviTarebuli infrastruqturiT.

aq CrdiloeTidan samxreTisaken ramdenime metad popularuli

samTo-turistuli marSruti gadioda,…moqmedebda turistuli

da alpuri banakebi, TavSesafarebi, bazebi, arsebobda samaSvelo

jgufebi. marSrutze turistTa moZraoba mkacr kontrols

eqvemdebareboda. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdgom, samwuxarod,

svaneTSi arsebuli turistuli infrastruqtura sastumroebis,

turistuli bazebisa da banakebis saxiT saerTod moiSala da

ganadgurda. amJamad, saqarTveloSi arsebuli socialur-eko-

nomikuri mdgomareobis gamo svaneTis turistul-rekreaciuli

potencialis aRdgena da ganviTareba mniSvnelovan siZneleeb-

Tanaa dakavSirebuli.

cnobilia, rom msoflio turistul biznesSi yovelwliu-

rad 500 miliardamde dolari brunavs. marto alpuri qveynebis

Semosavali samTo-turistuli biznesidan 150 miliard dolars

aWarbebs. es qveynebi karga xania

datvirTvis zRvars _ mZlavrma turistulma nakadebma da in-

frastruqturam daarRvia bunebis wonasworoba da aTasgvari

ekologiuri problema warmoSva, rac adgilobrivi mosaxleobis

7


SeSfoTebasa da xSirad protestsac iwvevs. amis gamo mosalod-

neli „alpuri apokalifsis“ saSiSroebac ki gaCnda.

saqarTvelo da, kerZod, svaneTi praqtikulad yamiria

aseTi masStaburi turistuli biznesis gansaviTareblad.

amitom isini, vinc turistuli TvalsazrisiT evropa da sxva

qveynebi „aiTvisa“, aucileblad monaxaven maTi saqmianobis gan-

viTarebisaTvis iseT Tvalwarmtac kuTxes, rogoric svaneTia.

miTumetes, rom svaneTi Tavisi uxvi, mravalferovani da umaR-

lesi xarisxis turistuli produqciiT saerTaSoriso bazarze

konkurencias gauwevs nebismier turistul qveyanas. amis gamo

mosalodnelia, rom svaneTSi ganviTardeba masobrivi turizmi

Tanamedrove formebiT, gaCndeba didi sastumroebi, kempingebi da

sxva turistuli infrastruqtura, romelTa mSeneblobas sia-

movnebiT daafinanseben ucxoeli da adgiloibrivi investorebi.

rasakvirvelia, isini Seecdebian Cadebuli Tanxebis amoRebas

da mogebis miRebas, risTvisac gamoiyeneben evropuli da sxva

turistuli qveynebis magaliTze mravalgzis aprobirebul

meqanizmebs turistuli nakadebis mosazidad.

zomierebis farglebSi aseTi saqmianobis ganviTareba

TavisTavad ar aris cudi, radgan igi qmnis axal samuSao adgi-

lebs da asaqmebs xalxs.

saxelmwifosaTvis masStaburi turizmi iolad kontro-

lirebadi da biujetis Semvsebi sferoa. Tumca, msxvili inves-

torebi jerjerobiT ar Canan. amave dros qveynis arasaxarbielo

finansur-ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gamo, saxelmwifo jerje-

robiT ver axerxebs adgilobrivi iniciativebis stimulirebas

da momsaxureobis axali saxis – saojaxo turistuli biznesis

ganviTarebis xelSewyobasac. amitom adgilobrivma mosaxleo-

bam yvelaferi Tavad unda itvirTos - Cven yvelam erTad unda

SevuwyoT xeli saojaxo turizmis ganviTarebas, radgan adgi-

lobrivi mosaxleobisaTvis es ufro moqnili da momgebiani

saqmianobaa. marTalia, jafasa da pasuxismgeblobasac mets

moiTxovs, vidre sastumroebSi dasaqmeba, samagierod, am procesSi

mosaxleoba masobrivad Caebmeba, Semosavlebic meti iqneba, ro-

melic mosaxleobis ufro did nawilze gadanawildeba.

saojaxo turizmi momsaxurebis sferos miekuTvneba, ma-

gram es momsaxureba sulac ar niSnavs Cveni tradiciebisa

da pirovnuli siamayis Selaxvas. aq, rogorc yvela dargSi,

saWiroa konkretuli codnis miReba da saTanado unar-Cvevebis

gamomuSaveba, magram Tu gaviTvaliswinebT qarTveli kacis Tan-

dayolil stumarTmoyvareobas, zrdilobas da Tavazianobas, es

yvelaferi araviTar siZneles ar unda warmoadgendes.

8


turizmis mraval saxeobaTa Soris, zemo svaneTs Tavisi

bunebrvi da ekonomikuri pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT, yvelaze

metad miesadageba e.w. soflis turizmi. turizmis es saxeoba

iTvaliswinebs turistebis miRebas soflebSi an maT axlos gan-

lagebul specialur sastumro saxlebSi, an uSualod ojaxebSi.

am SemTxvevaSi turistebs eZlevaT SesaZlebloba ufro meti

gaigon adgilobrivi mosaxleobis cxovrebis wesis Sesaxeb,

gaecnon bunebis RirsSesaniSnaobebs, daaTvalieron istoriul-

kulturul-eTnografiuli Zeglebi, aqtiurad daisvenon.

turizmis am saxeobis warmatebulad funqcionirebis

safuZvelTa safuZvels saojaxo turistuli biznes saqmianoba

warmoadgens, magram dReisaTvis adgilobrivi mosaxleobis

samenejero (mmarTvelobiTi) gamocdilebis uqonloba xels

uSlis saojaxo turistuli biznesis efeqtur ganviTarebas.

saojaxo turistuli saqmianoba – es faqtobrivad mcire

masStabis turistuli industriaa. miuxedavad amisa, iseve

rogorc didi turizmi, igi saWiroebs swor dagegmarebas da

calkeuli elementebis sawyisebis codnas. saojaxo turis-

tuli momsaxureobis swori organizacia SeuZlebelia iseTi

mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis codnis gareSe, rogoricaa:

• turistTa ganTavsebisaTvis saWiro Senoba-nagebobebis

dagegmarebis sawyisebi, oTaxebis gawyoba da eqsploata-

cia;

• adgilobriv da ucxoel turistTa miRebis, ganTavsebis,

kvebis organizaciis da sanaxaobrivi obieqtebis SerCevis

Taviseburebani;

• turistuli biznesis ekonomikuri aspeqtebi: saojaxo tur-

istuli biznesis biujetis Sedgena da misi Sesruleba;

• turistTa satransporto, informaciuli da sagamyolo

momsaxureba;

• turizmi da bunebis dacvis ekologiuri problemebi.

zemo svaneTis istoriul memkvidreobaSi gansakuTre-

buli adgili uWiravs mis kulturul da yofiT tradiciebs,

romelebic sainteresoa rogorc ucxoeli, ise adgilobrivi

turistebisaTvis. turistuli saxlis maspinZels unda SeeZlos

SesTavazos turists adgilobrivi istoriul-kulturuli

Zeglebis daTvaliereba, folkloruli jgufis an ansamblis

koncertze an specialurad gamarTul RonisZiebaze, sakul-

to-religiur da sxva eTnografiul RonisZiebebze daswreba.

turistebs aseve Zalze ainteresebT adgilobrivi yofiTi

tradiciebis gacnobac.

saqarTvelos mdidari landSafturi resursebi farTo

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arCevans sTavazobs turists. maspinZelma unda icodes axlomde-

bare specialurad markirebuli fexiT sasiarulo an sacxenos-

no turistuli marSrutebis detalebic, hqondes momzadebuli

saWiro rukebi, hyavdes winaswar SerCeuli gamyoli da SeurCios

turists an turistTa jgufs saTanado marSruti. xolo cudi

amindis SemTxvevaSi SesTavazos stumrebs alternatiuli gegma,

magaliTad, kulturul-eTnografiuli an istoriul-arqeologi-

uri RirsSesaniSnaobaTa daTvaliereba, folkloruli musikis

mosmena da sxva.

zemo svaneTis yofiTi tradiciebi, sruliad originalu-

ri kerZebi da gamorCeuli maspinZloba, kargi safuZvelia e.w.

“gastronomiuli” turizmis moyvarulTaTvisac. am SemTxveva-

Si ojaxis maspinZelma unda SesZlos zomierebis farglebSi

daakmayofilos turistTa gastronomiuli moTxovnebi, maTi

ganwyobis da janmrTelobis mdgomareobis (asakis) gaTvalis-

winebiT.

mTiani da gansakuTrebiT maRalmTiani regionebi xasiaTde-

ba myife ekosistemiT. turistebis ukontrolo moqmedebebma

SeiZleba gamousworebeli ekologiuri ziani miayenos garemos,

uaryofiTad imoqmedos cxovelTa da mcenareTa samyaroze da

safrTxe Seuqmnas jer kidev ekologiurad dauzianebel uni-

kalur bunebriv simdidres. amitom am mxriv saWiroa maspinZlis

sifxizle da adglobriv eklogiur Taviseburebebze turistTa

yuradRebis gamaxvileba.

turizmis ganviTarebis mTeli procesis periodSi adgi-

lobrivma mosaxleobam unda miiRos garkveuli mogeba turis-

tuli biznesisgan, rac misi keTildReobis amaRlebaSi unda

aisaxos.

saojaxo turistuli biznesis ganviTarebis Sedegad adgi-

lobrivi sazogadoebis potenciuri mogeba ZiriTadad moicavs:

� axali samuSao adgilebis Seqmnas da Semosavlis zrdas;

� adgilobrivi turistuli infrastruqturis ganviTarebas

(sastumro saxlebi, qoxebi, sasadiloebi, restornebi, satrans-

porto da sakomunikacio saSualebebi);

� soflis meurneobis produqtebis warmoebisa da misi Sesy-

idvis gafarToebas;

� Sida rewvisa da suvenirebis damzadebis tradiciebis aRd-

gena-ganviTarebas;

� adgilobriv biujetSi Semosavlebis zrdas.

saqarTvelos maRalmTianeTSi da am SemTxvevaSi zemo svaneT-

Si, saojaxo turistuli saqmianobis ganviTarebas da xelSewyobas

saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvneloba eniWeba. amitom sasurvelia:

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� saxelmwifom ganaxorcielos saojaxo turistuli biznesis

finansuri mxardaWera uprocento an dabalprocentiani

sesxebis gacemis gziT;

� mestiis gamgeobam da sakrebulom, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTv-

elobis organoebma, jerovani yuradReba miaqcion turizmis

da kerZod saojaxo turizmis ganviTarebas. saojaxo turiz-

mis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba unda gaxdes maTi saqmianobis

erT-erTi umTavresi prioriteti.

saojaxo turistuli saqmianobis xelSewyobis procesSi

aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia zomierebis SenarCuneba, vi-

naidan turistebis ukontrolo da daugegmavma nakadebma Sei-

Zleba regionSi seriozuli problemebi warmoSvas, kerZod:

� gadametebuli urbanizacia SeiZleba gaxdes svaneTis _ am

ulamazesi kuTxis originalobisa da unikalurobis da-

kargvis mizezi;

� regionis gadatvirTva Warbi raodenobis turistebiT, mniS-

vnelovan ekologiur dabinZurebas gamoiwvevs da SeiZleba

uaryofiTad imoqmedos biomravalferovnebaze da a.S.

ojaxuri turistuli biznesi SeiZleba ganvixiloT ro-

gorc maRalmTiani regionebis ekonomikuri problemebis gadaw-

yvetisaken mimarTuli mniSvnelovani saqmianoba. Mmas SeuZlia

moutanios damatebiTi finansebi im ojaxebs, romlebsac ar aqvT

didi arCevani Tavisi Semosavlebis gazrdaSi.

Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom turizmis da, kerZod, oja-

xuri turistuli saqmianobis ganviTareba adgilobrivi Temebis

TanamonawileobiT – es zemo svaneTis mosaxleobis alterna-

tiuli saqmianobis axali, magram metad perspeqtiuli sferoa.

dasaqmeba da damatebiTi Semosavlebis zrda, saSualebas mis-

cems adgilobriv mosaxleobas SeeTvisos maTTvis sruliad

axal sabazro pirobebs, SeinarCunon bunebis mravalferovneba,

ekologiurad sufTa garemo da adgilobrivi istoriul-kul-

turuli memkvidreoba.

winamdebare krebuli warmoadgens mokrZalebul cdas

xeli Seuwyos zemo svaneTis da sxva mTiani raionebis mo-

saxleobas eziaros saojaxo turistuli biznesis organizaciis

sawyisebs da momsaxureobisaTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebs.

domenti gabunia,

saqarvelos mTis moyvarulTa kavSiri.

11


svaneTis istoriul-kulturuli memkvidreobis svaneTis istoriul-kulturuli memkvidreobis

zogierTi aspeqtizogierTi aspeqti

svaneTma msoflios kulturis saganZurs unikaluri

istoriuli masala Semounaxa, es masala organulad erwymis

bunebis ganumeorebel silamazes da qmnis im saocar harmonias,

romelsac gancvifrebaSi mohyavs mnaxveli.

svaneTi mdebareobs kavkasionis mTavari qedis samxreT

ferdobze. mdinareebis - cxeniswylisa da enguris xeobebis

ormag qvabulSi da SemozRudulia: CrdiloeTidan _ kavkasionis

mTavari qediT, aRmosavleTidan – leCxumis qediT, samxreTi-

dan – leCxumisa da samegrelos qedebiT, xolo dasavleTidan

– akibosa da kodoris qedebiT. CrdiloeTiT, kavkasionis qe-

dis gadaRma svaneTs yaraCai-CerqezeTi da yabardo-balyareTi

esazRvreba, aRmosavleTidan – raWa, samxreTidan – leCxumi da

imereTi, xolo dasavleTidan – samegrelo da afxazeTi.

geografiulad da administraciulad svaneTi or ZiriTad

raionad iyofa: enguris auzi iwodeba zemo svaneTad (mestiis

raioni), xolo cxeniswylis auzi _ qvemo svaneTad (lentexis

raioni). maT erTmaneTisagan svaneTis qedi hyofs. svaneTs ukavia

4388,9 kv.km farTobi, anu saqarTvelos teritoriis 5,8%; aqedan

mestiis raions ekuTvnis 3044,5 kv.km, xolo lentexis raions

- 1344,4 kv.km.

tradiciebiT zemo svaneTSi ganasxvavebdnen bals qvemo

da bals zemo svaneTs (bali _ qedis saxelwodebaa), rac „sa-

dadeSqeliano-sabatono“ da „Tavisufal-ubatono“ svaneTs See-

satyviseba. qvemo svaneTi ki „sadadiano“ svaneTad iwodeboda

(S.CarTolani „Zveli svaneTi“ Tb. 1996).

geografiuli mdebareobis gamo, svaneTi iTvleba Znelad

misadgom kuTxed. Tumca, ramdenadac mkacri da Znelad misad-

gomia, imdenad saintereso da mimzidvelia.

svaneTis istoriul-kulturul ZeglebSi moiazreba:

� eklesiebi da maTSi Semonaxuli siwmindeebi (jvar-xati, xel-

nawerebi, oqro-vercxlis samkaulebi, freskuli mxatvroba,

moCuqurTmebuli karebi da sxva);

� arqeologiuri Zeglebi (yvelaze adreuli Zeglebi qvis

xanis gviandel safexurs – neoliTs ganekuTvneba);

� saqarTvelos yvela kuTxisagan gansxvavebuli arqiteq-

tura – svanuri koSki da “maCubi” (svanuri sacxovrebeli

saxli);

� xalxuri rewvis nimuSebi (Zveli svanuri tansacmeli, fex-

12


sacmeli, qudebi, svanuri saxlis damaxasiaTebeli elementebi,

aveji, jam-WurWeli, saTavsoebi, xalxuri sakravebi, sabrZolo

iaraRebi da sxva);

� musikaluri eTnografiuli folklori (simRerebi, ferx-

ulebi, cekvebi, legendebi da sxva).

svaneTSi eklesiebi Tavis rols komunisturi reJimis

drosac ki asrulebda. svani kaci yovelTvis gamoirCeoda Ta-

visi Zlieri rwmeniT da jvar-xatisadmi udidesi pativiscemiT.

warsulSic da, sabednierod, dResac. Tavmoyvare svani Tavis si-

marTles eZebs xatTan daficebis saSualebiT, romlis drosac

yvela eWvi Tu kiTxva ispoba. Zalian mniSvnelovania es momenti

moSuRleTa Serigebis drosac, vinaidan xatTan Serigebuli

dauZinebeli mtrebic ki xatis SiSiT da ridiT cxovrebis bo-

lomde inaxavdnen micemul sityvas, rac xSirad ganapirobebda

usiamovnebis da msxverplis Tavidan acilebas.

eklesiebi da maTSi daculi siwmindeebi SeiZleba CaiT-

valos svaneTis erT-erTi ZiriTadi da mtkivneuli problemis

– migraciis sawinaaRmdego saSualebad. svaneTis centridan

iseT daSorebul soflebSi, rogoricaa uSguli, kala, adiSi,

wvirmi, ifari, JabeSi, mazeri da sxva, darCenili mosaxleobis

umetesoba ar tovebs Tavis sacxovrebels imis gamo, rom amdeni

saukune gamovlili, winaprebis mier saidumlod da saTuTad

Senaxuli siwmindis mitovebis uflebas sakuTari sindisi da

Tavmoyvareoba ar aZlevs.

am siwmindeebis istoriul Rirebulebaze albaT Taname-

droveoba ityvis Tavis saTqmels da gaacnobs maT mTel sa-

myaros, rogorc msoflios kulturis saganZuris ganuyofel

nawils.

rogorc mTel Cens qveyanaSi, ise svaneTSic eklesias

TandaTan ubrundeba misi ZiriTadi funqcia. bolo wlebis

ganmavlobaSi zogierT eklesias Cautarda restavracia-konser-

vacia. am samuSaoebis Sedegad bevri saintereso freska aRdga.

dReisaTvis am regionSi arsebobs „mestiisa da zemo svaneTis

eparqia“, funqcionirebs ori mudmivmoqmedi eklesia, yvela ekl-

esiaSi meufis kurTxeviT periodulad tardeba tradiciuli

religiuri ritualebi da wirva-locva.

vimedovnebT, rom yvela dazianebul eklesias daubrundeba

pirvandeli saxe, rac ufro mimzidvelsa da sainteresos gaxdis

svaneTs, rogorc adgilobrivi mosaxleobisTvis, ise stumrebi-

sTvisac.

svaneTis istoriis da eTnokulturuli memkvidreobis ganuy-

ofeli nawilia svanuri koSki da svanuri saxli _ “maCubi“.

13


koSkis ZiriTadi daniSnuleba Tavdacva iyo, Tumca arse-

bobs koSkebi, romlebsac saguSago koSkebs eZaxian. koSki erTi

SexedviT martivi tipis Senobaa, magram istoriam dagvanaxa,

rom mis Semqmnels bevri ram gauTvaliswinebia konstruirebis

procesSi.

koSkis saZirkvels gaWrili vaSlis forma aqvs (sim-

rgvaliT qvemoT), mas mosdevs daaxloebiT 4-6 metris simaRlis

masiuri naSenebi nawili, Semdeg iwyeba sarTulebi. pirvel sar-

Tuls erT metrze meti sisqis kedlebi aqvs da mcire zomis

Sesasvleli kari, yovel Semdeg sarTuls aqvs viwro patara

fanjara da mcire zomis asasvleli; sarTulSua gadaxurva

qvemoTa mxridan naxevrad TaRovania, zemodan ki brtyeli. sar-

Tulebs Soris asasvleli erTsa da imave kuTxeSi ar meordeba.

koSkis kedlebi TandaTan Txeldeba: koSkis boloSi kedlis

sisqe 0,5 metria.

koSkis saSualo zomebia 5 X 5 X 25 m. fanjris Siga zomebi

gareTaze metia, rac mniSvnelovnad afarToebs mxedvelobis

(Tofis damiznebis) ares da zrdis koSkis Tavdacvisunari-

anobas. saZirkvlis simrgvale uzrunvelyofs koSkis verti-

kalur mdgomareobas. nagebobis qveda nawilis masiurobis

gamo simZimis centri wanacvlebulia maqsimalurad qvemoT,

rac zrdis koSkis mdgradobas. aRsaniSnavia, rom ferdobTan

axlos agebuli koSki aucileblad wiboTiaa orientirebuli

ferdobisaken. zvavis SemTxvevaSi Tovli waxnagebiT iWreba da

ormxriv iyreba. 1987 wels svaneTSi momxdarma stiqiurma mov-

lenebma da didTovlobam kargad daadastura zvavebis mimarT

koSkebis mdgradoba.

saguSago-saTvalTvalo koSkebi svaneTis mTel terito-

riaze erTmaneTis miyolebiTaa aSenebuli. saSiSroebis Sem-

TxvevaSi pirvel koSkze anTebdnen specialurad momzadebul

Tivas. kvamlis danaxvaze igive meordeboda yovel momdevnoze.

mTeli xeoba swrafad iRebda saWiro informacias da saomrad

emzadeboda. SezRuduli xilvadobis SemTxvevaSi ki daTqmuli

signali gadaecemoda Tofis zedized ramdenime gasroliT.

svanuri sacxovrebeli saxli - „maCubi“ sakmaod didi

moculobis orsarTuliani Senobaa. Senobis pirveli sarTuli

gamoiyeneboda, rogorc adamianebis, ise msxvilfexa pirutyvis

sacxovreblad, xolo meore sarTulze inaxavdnen Tivas.

saxli Tbeboda SuacecxliT, aqve ojaxis wevrebisaTvis

mzaddeboda saWmelic. iyo calke Sesasvleli ormagi kari

derefniT (svanurad „hagaam“), romlis daniSnuleba iyo rogorc

siTbos SenarCuneba, ise nawilobriv Tavdacva. aseTi tipis

14


saxlebSi ojaxis wevrTa raodenoba ocdaaT da met adamians

aRwevda. cnobilia, rom mulaxis TemSi, qaldanebis sacxovrebel

kompleqsSi erTdroulad asamde adamiani cxovrobda. es kom-

pleqsi garSemortymulia sami metri simaRlis galavniT. misi

alayafis WiSkari urduliTaa daketili. samwuxarod, SemorCe-

nilia am kompleqsis mxolod nawili. ezoSi amJamadac dgas

erTi kargad Semonaxuli da erTic naxevrad dangreuli koSki,

agreTve eklesia Tavisi unikaluri jvar-xatebiT da siwmindee-

biT. aq agreTve yofila erTi samsarTuliani da ori orsarTu-

liani sacxovrebeli saxli, xorblisa da qeris salewi kalo,

dilegebi da saidumlo gvirabebi, romlebic am kompleqss akav-

Sirebda uRran tyesTan. yovelive es mogvagonebs cixe-simagres,

rac am ojaxisa da gvaris siZliereze migvaniSnebs. aseTive

tipis sacxovrebeli kompleqsebi svaneTSi sxva soflebSic

gvxvdeba. magaliTad, xergianebis (d. mestia), Carkvianebis (sof.

latali) da sxva.

svanur saxlSi gauyofeli ojaxebis erTad cxovreba

iTvleboda ojaxis siamayed. ojaxs marTavda ufrosi, e.w. „max-

vSi“, romelsac umetes wilad asakis da gonierebis mixedviT

irCevdnen, Tumca ar iyo gamoricxuli sxvas etvirTa es saqme.

maxvSisaTvis gankuTvnili iyo specialuri skami - „sakar-

cxuli“, romelze dajdomis ufleba nebarTvis gareSe aravis

hqonda. xandaxan maxvSi stumars, pativiscemis niSnad, uTmobda

am adgils. mamakacebisTvis gankuTvnili iyo „sakarcxulis“

stilSi gamoTlili grZeli skami, e.w. „lurgim“, xolo qa-

lebisTvis odnav dabali skami. ojaxis yvela wevri usityvod

emorCileboda maxvSs. saxnavi miwebis simwiris gamo svaneTSi

yovelTvis iyo xorblis anu puris nakleboba, Tumca xorci

da rZis produqtebi, SeiZleba iTqvas, sakmarisad hqondaT. max-

vSi samarTlianad aregulirebda Sromis process da sakvebis

ganawilebas.

svaneTSi mxolod sacalfexo gziT SeiZleboda asvla,

amdenad yvela saWiro nivTs (tansacmels, fexsacmels, avejs,

jam-WurWels da sxva) adgilze qmnidnen.

svaneTSi Catarebuli unikaluri arqeologiuri gaTxrebis

Sedegad aRmoCnda Tu rogori daxvewili xerxebiT xdeboda

sxvadasxva epoqaSi, qvis xanidan dawyebuli dRemde, im sagnebis

damzadeba, romlebiTac dRes saqarTvelos da, kerZod, svaneTis

arqeologiis muzeumi amayobs.

dResdReobiT SemorCenilia wesebi da xelsawyoebi, romli-

Tac xdeba xalxuri rewvis nimuSebis damzadeba. Tumca zogi-

erTi mniSvnelovani teqnologiuri meTodi dakargulia da maTi

15


aRdgena TiTqmis SeuZlebelia (magaliTad vercxlis mosevadeba,

jvar-xatebis gaformebis zogierTi xerxi da sxva).

xalxuri rewvis gadasarCenad aucilebelia xandazmulebi-

sagan im teqnologiuri xerxebisa da wesebis gadmoReba, rom-

lebmac, sabednierod, dRemde moaRwia.

svaneTis istoriisa da kulturis erT-erTi Semadgeneli

nawilia musikaluri folklori. svaneTis bunebisa da yofis

simkacris Sesabamisad, musikaluri folkloric mkacri da

omaxiania. simRerebisa da ferxulebis ZiriTadi nawili eZRvneba

laSqrobebs, omebs, brZolebSi gamoCenil gmirebs, saxelovan

mefeebs (magaliTad Tamar mefes). Zalian mniSvnelovani nawili

eZRvneba religiur dResaswaulebs. bevri simRera da ferxuli

eZRvneba nadirobas, nadirobis qalRmerT dalis. arsebobs

agreTve sayofacxovrebo xasiaTis simRerebi da Zalian cota

- saxumaro da sasiyvarulo Temebze agebuli simRerebi.

svaneTSi dResac mniSvnelovania samgloviaro simRerebis

Sesruleba. yvela micvalebuli, rogorc svaneTSi, ise svanebiT

dasaxlebul barSi da TbilisSic ki, imarxeba svanuri „za-

riT“. es aris simRera, romlis variantebi gvxvdeba svaneTis

sxvadasxva soflebSi.

arsebobs iseTi simRerebic, romelTa Seqmna uZveles droze

migvaniSnebs. am simRerebSi zogierTi sityvis mniSvneloba

dakargulia. aseTia, magaliTad, “lile”, romelsac mRerian ara

marto saqarTveloSi. igi jer kidev qristeSobamde Seiqmna. es

simRera savaraudod, eZRvneba mzis RvTaebas. aseTive uZveles

simRerebs miekuTvneba “qalTidi”, “kviria”, “elia lurde” da

sxva.

svanur musikalur folklorSi mniSvnelovani adgili eT-

moba ferxulebs (simRerisa da cekvis erTdrouli gansaxiereba).

igi sruldeba umeteswilad mamakacTa mier, Tumca aris iseTi

ferxulebic, sadac qalebic monawileoben. aseTia, magaliTad,

“Tamar-dedofali”, “irinola”, “dala-kojas” da sxva. mamakacTa

ferxulebi Sinaarsobrivad eZRvneba ZiriTadad laSqrobebs,

omebs da nadirobas. magaliTad, “murza i beqsil”, “Sgari da

laSgari”, “gaul-gavxe”, “lemCil” da sxv.

arsebobs mravali Sairi cnobil adamianebze. am SairebSi

solisti asrulebs im gmiris rols, visac eZRvneba simRera,

xolo gundi ambobs moZaxils da xotbas asxams mas.

axlo warsulSi Seqmnilia simRerebi svaneTis saamayo

Svilebze, omis gmirebze, alpinistebze (bimurzela mestielze,

mixeil xergianze da sxva).

aRsaniSnavia simRera “gaul-gavxe”, romelic eZRvneba me-

16


fis ruseTis winaaRmdeg sofel xaldes ajanyebas. igi svani

vaJkacebis mebrZoli sulis, Tavisuflebis wyurvilisa da xatze

daficebis erTgulebis brwyinvale magaliTia, samwuxarod, am

ajanyebas emsxverpla am soflis mamakacebis didi nawili da

RirsSesaniSnavi nagebobebi.

svanur xalxur sasimRero repertuarSi mniSvnelovani

roli uWiravs sagaloblebs, romlebic tradiciis Sesabamisad

sruldeba nebismier lxinSi Tu religiuri dResaswaulebis

dros. maTgan gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia wminda giorgis saga-

lobeli “jguragiS”, aseve “wmindaio”, “kviria” da sxva.

svaneTis sasimRero folklori, imavdroulad musikaSi

aJRerebuli svaneTis istoriacaa. yvela simReras aqvs warmo-

Sobis dro da adgili, yvela maTgani aris legendis nawili,

romelic zepiri gadmocemis gziT aris mosuli Cvenamde. dRes

aucilebelia maTi gadarCena, Seswavla, Cawera da gamoqveyneba,

raTa ar dagvekargos svaneTis sulieri saganZuris esoden

mniSvnelovani nawili.

Cven SevecadeT svaneTSi saojaxo sastumros axalgazrda

mflobelebisaTvis warmogvedgina svaneTis istoriul-kul-

turuli memkvidreobis zogierTi detali. sasurvelia, rom

saqarTveloSi turizmis sferoSi moRvawe yvela qalma da kacma

Tavad icodes, Tu raoden Zvirfasi istoriul-kulturuli mem-

kvidreoba gaaCnia mis kuTxes, mTlianad Cven qveyanas. maT unda

SesZlon Camosuli stumrisaTvis SearCion da kvalificiurad

SesTavazon Cveni tradiciebis gacnoba, bunebis ulamazesi

Zeglebis, eTnografiul-arqeologiuri RirsSesaniSnaobebis,

muzeumebis monaxuleba, simRerisa da cekvis ansamblebis mos-

mena da naxva.

vaxtang filfani,svaneTis kulturis ganviTarebis fondi.

17


turistuli infrastruqturis

ganuviTareblobisa da sxva xelis-

SemSleli pirobebis miuxedavad,

saqarTvelos maRalmTianeTisadmi in-

teresi sul ufro da ufro izrdeba.

turistebis misaRebad aqtualuri

xdeba SedarebiT mcire danaxarjebiT

patara sastumroebis mSebelobis an

arsebuli saxlebis “gesthauzebad”

(sastumro saxlebad) gadakeTebis

sakiTxi.

am amocanis gadasawyvetad,

daTvalierebul iqna ramdenime

sacxovrebeli saxli mestiis raionSi.

tradiciuli sacxovrebeli svanuri

saxli amJamad praqtikulad ukve

aRar arsebobs. mas Seenacvla ev-

ropuli tipis sacxovrebeli, sru-

liad gansxvavebuli gegmarebiT, sx-

vadasxva saxis da sxvadasxva dros

gakeTebuli miSenebebiT. cxadia, rom

yoveli saxlis gadakeTeba moiTxovs

individualur midgomas, magram tur-

istis moTxovnebidan gamomdinare,

gamovlinda tipobrivi sakiTxebi da

aucileblad Casatarebeli samuS-

aoebi. qvemoT moyvanilia ZiriTadi

sakiTxebi, romlebsac unda mieqces

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba sacxovre-

beli saxlebis sastumroebad adapta-

ciisa da mowyobis procesSi:

� keTilmowyobili abazanebis

(saSxape) da sapirfareSoebis

(Sesabamisad 2,5-1,8kv.m.) sakmarisi

raodenobis (3-4 kacze erTi sveli

wertili) mowyoba Senobis SigniT

da maTi moxerxebuli ganlageba

sacxovrebeli saxlebis adaptacia turistuli sacxovrebeli saxlebis adaptacia turistuli

sastumroebisa da gesthauzebis mosawyobadsastumroebisa da gesthauzebis mosawyobad

18


saZineblebis mimarT. septikebis (gamwmendi nagebobebis)

mowyoba kanalizaciis armqone adgilebSi;

� saZinebelebis (14-16kv.m)imgvarad dagegmareba, rom es oTaxebi

ar iyos erTmaneTSi gamavali, hqondeT moxerxebuli orien-

tacia, izolirebuli iyvnen xmauriani quCisa Tu saTavsoe-

bisagan;

� sastumro oTaxis, sasadilo oTaxis da samzareulos mox-

erxebuli ganlageba (sasurvelia erT sarTulze);

� ojaxis saTavsoebisa da Sesabamisad, maTi wevrebis sacxovre-

belis gamijnva stumrebis infrastruqturisagan iseTnairad,

rom ar Seiqmnas xelis SemSleli pirobebi arcerTi mxari-

saTvis. es SeiZleba ar exebodes agroturizmis obieqtebs,

sadac turisti uSualod monawileobs ojaxis yoveldRiur

cxovrebasa da saqmianobaSi;

� miwis nakveTis swori zonireba, misi dayofa wina - dekora-

tiul ezod, baRad da sameurneo ezod;

� sasurvelia zomierebis farglebSi, saxls SeunarCunoT

adgilobrivi qvis wyoba, tradiciuli ornamentebi da el-

ementebi, bina davakompleqtoT adgilobrivad damzadebuli

avejiT da sxva.

Tu ojaxi gadawyvets Tavisi sacxovrebeli saxlis misad-

agebas an gadakeTebas saojaxo sastumrod, sasurvelia, mSene-

blobis dros Secdomebis Tavidan asacileblad, samSeneblo

proeqti momzaddes arqiteqtoris an gamocdili inJiner-mSene-

belis monawileobiT.

Cven SevecdebiT mestiis mkvidris, q-n z. CarTolanis

saxlis magaliTze gaCvenoT, Tu rogor SeiZleba minimaluri

danaxarjebiT saxlis gadakeTeba ojaxur sastumrod iseTnai-

rad, rom is pasuxobdes zemoT CamoTvlil pirobebs.

aq warmodgenil gegmebze muqad aRniSnulia saxlis real-

uri mdgomareoba, xolo mkrTali xazebiT _ Tu rogor SeiZleba

is gadakeTdes minimaluri ngrevisa da miSenebis xarjze.

vinaidan proeqtis Tanaxmad saxls daemata sami saZine-

beli oTaxi, saWiro gaxda kidev ori abazanis damateba meore

sarTulze da erTi axali abazanis mowyoba ojaxisaTvis pirvel

sarTulze. dagegmarebidan gamomdinare arsebuli abazana

miekuTvna pirvel sarTulze ganlagebul saZinebel oTaxs.

amgvarad, damatebuli oTaxebidan erTi pirvel sarTulzea

samzareulos adgilas, Tavisi individualuri abazaniT, ori ki

ganlagda meore sarTulze _ Ria terasis magivrad. am SemTx-

vevaSi yvela saZinebeli gaxda izolirebuli, meore sarTulze

maTTan uSualo siaxloves ori abazanaa, rac savsebiT sakmari-

20


sia gesthauzis tipis sastumroebisTvis.

meore sarTulze ganlagebul did sastumro oTaxs, sa-

survelia, miuSendes samzareulo, romelic kibis saSualebiT

daukavSirdeba ojaxis sacxovrebel farTs, sameurneo sawyobebs

da ezos. meore sarTulis centrSi mozrdili holi ki daaka-

vSirebs yvela saTavsos da farTo mzian terasas.

rogorc aRvniSneT, arsebul saxlSi aucilebeli iyo

ojaxis saTavsoebis gamijvna, rac Cveni azriT, am proeqtSi mox-

erxda. binaSi Sesvla pirvel saTulze SesaZlebeli gaxda ro-

gorc mTavari holidan, ise sameurneo ezodan. aseT SemTxvevaSi

sastumroSi cxovreba da ojaxis saqmianoba damoukideblad

mimdinareobs da amave dros, yvela urTierTkavSiri funqcio-

nalurad martivi da mosaxerxebelia. saxlis rekonstruqciam

ar Seqmna araviTari siZneleebi misi nakveTis zonirebaSi. wina

ezoSi ojaxs faqtobrivad ukve mowyobili aqvs sayvavileebi,

saWiroa mxolod fexmavalTa da avtomanqanebis Sesasvlelis

cal-calke gamijnva, kerZod, avtomanqanebis sadgomebis da

sameurneo ezos mowyoba saxlis ukana mxares.

saxlis aseTi gadakeTebis SemTxvevaSi, CarTolanebis

ojaxs SeuZlia warmatebuli sastumro biznesi awarmoos, vi-

naidan Seqmnil infrastruqturas daemateba maTi Sromisuna-

rianoba da stumarTmoyvareoba, rac kidev ufro mimzidvels

gaxdis am sastumros.

msgavsi sarekonstruqcio saqmianobisaTvis sasurvelia

aseT ojaxebs saxelmwifom gauwios daxmareba dabal procen-

tiani sesxebis gacemiT.

levan lorTqifaniZe,arqiteqtori,

kurort gudauris da bakurianis gengegmis avtori.

21


turistebis momsaxurebis danaxarjebis turistebis momsaxurebis danaxarjebis

gaTvlebigaTvlebi(saojaxo sastumros mflobelTaTvis)

rogorc ucxoeTSi, ise Cveni qveynis im regionebSi, sadac

turistebis xalxmravali nakadebia, ukve didi xania moqmedebs

saojaxo sastumroebi (qobuleTi, baTumi, borjomi, bakuriani).

saqarTvelos maRalmTianeTi (svaneTi, raWa, xevsureTi, Tu-

SeTi, zemo aWara da sxva) turistebisaTvis saucxoo dasasvene-

beli adgilia, Tumca amJamad es regionebi maT mier naklebadaa

aTvisebuli. axlo momavalSi mosalodnelia, rogorc adgilo-

brivi, ise ucxoeli turistebis didi nakadis Casvla am re-

gionebSi. amitom sasurvelia, saojaxo sastumroebis momavalma

mepatroneebma icodnen, rogorc stumris miRebaze gaweuli xar-

jebis, ise saxelmwifo gadasaxadebis gaTvla da sagadasaxado

organizaciebTan urTierTobis zogierTi sakiTxi.

meore msoflio omis Semdeg mravali qveynis samomxmare-

blo bazrebze saqonlis (momsaxurebis) deficitis pirobebSi,

mwarmoeblebis ZiriTad amocanas warmoadgenda warmoebuli

produqciis ganawileba. aseTi tipis bazrebi, romlebic dRes

iSviaTad gvxvdeba, cnobilia “gamyidvelis bazris” saxeliT.

mrewvelobis, mecnierul-teqnikuri progresis da konkuren-

ciis swrafma zrdam ganapiroba saqonlis (momsaxurebis)

miwodebis nakadebi, romelmac TandaTanobiT gadaaWarba ba-

zarze arsebuli moTxovnebis moculobas. amitom “gamyidvelis

bazari” TandaTanobiT gardaiqmna “momxmareblis bazrad”, anu

am SemTxvevaSi saqonlis bazarze mTavaria momxmareblis neba

da interesi. am dros mwarmoeblis ZiriTadi amocanaa gansazRv-

ros, Tu ra moculobis produqciis (momsaxurebis) realizacia

SeuZlia mas.

fasdebis (faswarmoqmnis) efeqtianoba mdgomareobs bazar-

ze miwodebuli (misawodebeli) saqonlis an momsaxurebisaTvis

realisturi fasebis gansazRvraSi da maqsimalurad moqnili

fasdaTmobebis SemuSavebaSi.

gasuli saukunis 60-in wlebSi msoflioSi faswarmoqmnas

ar eqceoda saTanado yuradReba, magram 80-ani wlebidan mas

ukve warmatebis erT-erT ZiriTad faqtorad miiCneven. amJamad

fasebis politikis arsi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom firmam Ta-

visi produqciis fasis variaciiT da bazris mdgomareobis

mixedviT unda SeZlos bazris garkveuli nawilis aTviseba da

dagegmili mogebis miReba.

22


faswarmoqmnis politikis erT-erT yvelaze mastimuli-

rebel faqtors warmoadgens fasdaTmobaTa Tanamedrove praq-

tika. am dros firma-mewarme Tavis momxmarebels sTavazobs

garkveul procentian fasdaklebas, Tu es ukanaskneli misgan

SeiZens gansazRvruli odenobis, an Rirebulebis produqcias.

Tavisufali sabazro konkurenciis pirobebSi fasebis

formireba xdeba moTxovnisa da miwodebis urTierTmoqmedebis

Sedegad.

moTxovna _ es saqonlis an momsaxurebis is raodenobaa,

romlis Sesyidvac momxmarebels SeuZlia saTanado fasebSi

mocemul drosa da gansazRvrul adgilze. moTxovna sawi-

naaRmdego damokidebulebaSia fasTan mimarTebaSi: rac ufro

maRalia fasi, miT ufro naklebia moTxovna mocemul saqonelze

an momsaxurebaze.

miwodeba – es aris im saqonlis an momsaxurebis raodenoba,

romlis gayidva SeuZliaT (mzad arian gayidon, moemsaxuron)

mwarmoeblebs SesaZlo fasSi mocemul drosa da gansazRvrul

adgilze. miwodeba pirdapir damokidebulebaSia fasze: rac

ufro maRalia erTeuli saqonlis gasayidi fasi, miT meti

saqonlis warmoeba SeuZlia mewarmes.

fasebis zrda stimuls iZleva warmoebis, momsaxurebis

gasafarToveblad, magram, amave dros, mas Tan axlavs moTxov-

nis Semcireba. fasebis Semcirebisas sapirispiro movlenasTan

gvaqvs saqme. amrigad, sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi fasi as-

rulebs garkveul maregulirebel funqcias mewarmeebsa da

momxmareblebs Soris, rac ekonomikas wonasworuli mdgomareo-

bisaken warmarTavs.

samewarmeo saqmianobis yvelaze martivi da yvelaze Zveli

formaa individualuri kerZo sawarmo. aseTi tipis sawarmos

yvela saSualebebs (materialur fondebs) flobs erTi me-

sakuTre-indmewarme, romelic damoukideblad wyvets sakiTxs,

Tu ra, rogor, ra fasad da visTvis awarmoos (moemsaxuros).

igi erTpirovnulad ganagebs miRebul Semosavlebs, akisria

SeuzRudavi materialuri pasuxismgebloba da pasuxs agebs

valdebulebebze mTeli Tavisi qonebiT.

saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsis (muxli 100) Tanaxmad,

mewarme valdebulia warmoebis, magaliTad, saojaxo sastumros

gaxsnidan aTi dRis vadaSi saidenTifikacio kodis misaRebad

mimarTos adgilobriv sagadasaxado inspeqcias, romelic

mewarme _ fizikur pirs, gancxadebis wardgenidan xuTi dRis

vadaSi mianiWebs saidenTifikacio nomers da amave vadaSi ga-

dascems mas gadasaxadis gadamxdelis mowmobas.

23


sasurvelia indmewarmem, muSaobis dawyebamde gaarkvios,

Tu konkretulad ramdeni danaxarji eqneba Tavisi Senobis

sastumrod mowyobaze (garegnuli iersaxe, gaTboba, saTanado

servisi da sxva). yovelive amis Semdeg saWiroa gaiangari-

Sos Tu ra raodenobis da fasis produqti, eleqtroenergia,

sayofacxovrebo sagnebia saWiro, raTa gaweuli danaxarjebis

gaTvaliswinebiT miiRos mogeba, e.i. indmewarmes aucileblad

esaWiroeba momsaxurebaze danaxarjebis CamonaTvalis-kalku-

laciis Sedgenis codna.

G gasawevi xarjebi Sedgeba ori ZiriTadi saxis – mudmivi da

cvladi xarjebis jamisagan.

mudmivi _ iseTi danaxarjebia, romelTa sidideze ar mo-

qmedebs momsaxurebis moculobis cvlileba. aseTebia Seno-

bis qira (Tuki indmewarme ixdis mas), gacveTili ZiriTadi

saSualebebis remontisaTvis saWiro Tanxebi, uZravi qonebis

gadasaxadi, sezonurad daqiravebuli personalis xelfasi da

a.S. es is xarjebia, romlebsac indmewarme mainc gadaixdis,

Tundac garkveul etapze klienturac rom ar hyavdes.

cvladi _ iseTi danaxarjebia, romelTa sidide icvleba

momsaxurebis moculobasTan erTad. mas miekuTvneba danax-

arjebi sakveb produqtebze, eleqtroenergiaze, gazze, satrans-

porto momsaxurebaze da a.S.

danaxarjebis kalkulaciaSi dawvrilebiT da uklebliv

unda iyos naCvenebi yvela is xarji, romelic mosalodnelia

muSaobis procesSi. Mmaterialur danaxarjebTan erTad gas-

aTvaliswinebelia biujetSi gadasaxdeli Tanxebic.

magaliTisaTvis SevadginoT danaxarjebis kalkulacia

erT damsvenebelze:

xarjebis CamonaTvali (larebSi):

SeZenili kvebis produqti da nedleuli -250,00

eleqtroenergia -20,00

gazi -20,00

Sesyiduli warmoebis ZiriTadi saSualebebi

(magida, sawoli, TeTreuli): -35,00

ZiriTadi saSualebebis remonti -10,00

uZravi qonebis gadasaxadi -15,00

sxva gauTvaliswinebeli xarjebi -20,00

sul: 370,00

vTqvaT, erTi Tvis Semosavali Seadgens 500 lars, maSin

socialuri gadasaxadi _ Semosavlisa (500l) da danaxarjebis

(370l) sxvaobis (130l) 20%-is anu 26 laris tolia.

24


amis Semdeg 130 lars unda gamovakloT socialuri ga-

dasaxadi (26l) da maTi sxvaobidan (104l) viangariSebT saSe-

mosavlo gadasaxads, romelic 12%-s Seadgens. ganxilul Sem-

TxvevaSi igi 104-is 12%-is tolia, anu aris 12,48 lari.

e.i. Tqveni mTliani danaxarji erT damsvenebelze iqneba

370l+26l+12,48l=408,48l, xolo Tqveni mogeba iqneba 500-

408,48=91,52l.

Semdeg wels, Tuki Tqven agrZelebT muSaobas, biu-

jetSi ixdiT wina wels gadaxdil saSemosavlo gadasaxads -12,48

lars da socialur gadasaxads -26 lars aseTi grafikiT: 15

maiss 12.48 laris 25%-s, romelic tolia 3.12 laris da socga-

dasaxadis - 26 laris 25%-s, romelic tolia 6.50 laris, e.i.

sul 3.12 + 6.50 = 9.72 lars. amave Tanxas gadaixdiT 15 ivliss,

15 seqtembers da 15 dekembers.

Tu Tqven Semdgom wels wyvetT muSaobas, amis Sesaxeb

oficialurad, werilobiT unda SeatyobinoT sagadasaxado

inspeqcias, raTa Tavidan aiciloT kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli

jarimebi.

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu kalendaruli wlis ganmavlobaSi Tqveni

miRebuli erToblivi Semosavali aRemateba 35000 lars, Tqven

sagadasaxado kodeqsis Tanaxmad (muxli 217-is ,,e” qvepunqti),

saSemosavlo da mogebis gadasaxadis Sesaxeb deklaracias

warudgenT sagadasaxado organos saangariSo wlis momdevno

wlis 1 aprilamde.

sagadasaxado kodeqsis (muxli 168 ,,l” qvepunqti) Tanaxmad,

indmewarme, romelic ar iyenebs daqiravebul pirTa Sromas da

ijariT gascems sacxovrebel farTs 60 kvadratul metramde,

Tavisufldeba rogorc saSemosavlo, ise socialuri gadasaxa-

disagan.

saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs garkveul

SeRavaTebsac, magaliTad, maRalmTian regionebSi mcxovrebTaT-

vis. kerZod: mravalSviliani (sami da meti Svili) piri, romelsac

gaqiravebuli aqvs 60 kvadratul metrze meti farTi, Tavisu-

fldeba saSemosavlo gadasaxadisgan Tu kalendaruli wlis

ganmavlobaSi miRebuli dasabegri Semosavali ar aRemateba

3000 lars; garda amisa, maRalmTian regionebSi mcxovreb erT

an orSvilian pirs kalendaruli wlis ganmavlobaSi miRebul

3000 laramde dasabegr Semosavalze gadasaxdeli saSemosavlo

gadasaxadi umcirdeba 50 procentiT.A

Tuki Tqven erTjeradad daiqiravebT muSaks (magaliTad,

mZRols), valdebuli iqnebiT dadoT masTan xelSekruleba, dabe-

groT misi anazRaureba saSemosavlo gadasaxadiT da es Tanxa

25


gadaixadoT biujetSi anazRaurebidan sami dRis vadaSi.

magaliTad: xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebulia mZRolis

muSaobis anazRaureba 100 laris odenobiT. am Tanxas unda

davakloT saSemosavlo gadasaxadi – 12% anu 12 lari. e.i. am

SemTxvevaSi mZRoli xelze miiRebs 88 lars. am saSemosavlo

gadasaxadis (12 laris) garda mewarmem biujetSi unda gadaixa-

dos socanaricxic - 100 laris 20%, e.i. 20 lari.

sagadasaxado kodeqsis (muxli 217-is me-2 nawili) Tanaxmad

indmewarme valdebulia, awarmoos Semosavlebisa da xarjebis

gamartivebuli aRricxva sagadasaxado inspeqciis beWdiT da-

dasturebul JurnalSi.

sagadasaxado kodeqsis (muxli 272-e meoTxe nawilis “m”

qvepunqti) Tanaxmad, garda aRniSnuli gadasaxadebisa, Tqven

gevalebaT qonebis gadasaxadis gadaxda ekonomiuri saqmianobi-

saTvis gamoyenebul qonebaze (sawoli, magida, TeTreuli da a.S.),

romelic metad mcirea da gamoiangariSeba Semdegnairad: vTqvaT,

saangariSo wlis ekonomiuri saqmianobisaTvis gamoyenebuli

qonebis Rirebuleba 1000 laria. weliwadSi dasaricxi cveTa

Seadgens am qonebis Rirebulebis 20%-s, e.i. 200 lars. 1000 lars

unda gamovakloT 200 lari da gadasaxadi iqneba darCenili 800

laris 1%, e.i. 8 lari. es Tanxa unda gadaixadoT Semdgom wels

Tanabarnawilad _ or-ori lari 15 aprilisTvis, 15 ivlisisTvis,

15 oqtombrisTvis da Semdegi wlis 15 ianvrisTvis.

yvela sawarmo, miuxedavad imisa, vrceldeba Tu ara masze

SeRavaTebi, valdebulia saxelmwifosTan angariSsworeba awar-

moos sagadasaxado kodeqsiT mkacrad gansazRvrul vadebSi,

raTa Tavidan aicilos kodeqsiT dadgenili jarimebi.

sagasaxado organizaciebSi dadgenil vadebSi da dadge-

nili formiT sabuTebis Cabarebis garda, mewarmes aseve evaleba

awarmoos pirveladi sagadasaxado dokumentebi, rogoricaa

produqciis Sesyidvis, miReba-Cabarebis aqtebi, xelSekrulebebi

da a.S. am dokumentebSi asaxuli unda iyos:

� dokumentis dasaxeleba;

� dokumentis Sedgenis TariRi;

� dokumentis nomeri;

� sameurneo operaciis monawile mxareTa rekvizitebi: (fizi-

kuri piris SemTxvevaSi - saxeli da gvari, saidenTifikacio

nomeri (Tuki arsebobs aseTi), sacxovrebeli adgilis

misamarTi, piradobis damadasturebeli dokumentis nomeri,

misi gamcemi organos dasaxeleba, gacemis TariRi;

� sameurneo operaciis Sinaarsi;

� gacemuli saqonlis/momsaxurebis dasaxeleba, misi odenoba;

26


� gacemuli saqonlis/momsaxurebis Rirebuleba (CamonaTvalis

mixedviT);

� sameurneo operaciis monawile mxareTa xelmowerebi.P

pirveladi sagadasaxado dokumenti dgeba aranakleb or

egzemplarad, romelTagan erTi grCebaT Tqven, xolo meore

gadaecema Semsrulebels. saaRricxvo dokumentacia savalde-

buloa SeinaxoT aranakleb 6 wlis ganmavlobaSi.

yvela indmewarmem saqmianobis dawyebis win sasurvelia

SeiZinos saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsi da ufro dawvr-

ilebiT gaecnos misTvis saWiro muxlebs, amasTanave gaiaros

konsultacia sagadasaxado inspeqciis iuristTan. yovelive

es Tqven dagexmarebaT sawarmos gamarTulad da warmatebiT

muSaobaSi.

indmewarmis warmateba bevradaa damokidebuli mewarmis

unar-Cvevebze, mis alRoze da pirovnul Tvisebebze, swored

amitom sabazro konkurenciis pirobebSi did warmatebas aRweven

ZiriTadad unariani da energiuli adamianebi.

zemoT aRwerili valdebuleba-movaleobebi da urTier-

Toba sagadasaxado inspeqciasTan erTi SexedviT SeiZleba rTu-

lad mogeCenoT, magram Tu Rrmad CawvdebiT, mixvdebiT, rom isini

Sesasruleblad iolia. rasakvirvelia, amas Tanmimdevruli da

dakvirvebuli muSaoba sWirdeba.

ÒÖÓ

rusudan ruxaZe,saqarTvelos mTis moyvarulTa kavSiri.

27


rekomendaciebi ojaxuri sastumros rekomendaciebi ojaxuri sastumros

diasaxlisebisaTvisdiasaxlisebisaTvis

mTaSi Casuli turisti iTvleba aqtiur damsveneblad, vi-

naidan dRis ganmavlobaSi xarjavs did energias. amitom misTvis

mniSvnelovania, Tu rogor sastumroSi daisvenebs, igrZnobs Tu

ara Tavs komfortulad da usafrTxod.

ojaxuri sastumros warmatebulad funqcionirebisaTvis

saWiroa ori ZiriTadi ram - keTilmowyobili saxli da keTil-

ganwyobili momsaxure personali.

keTilmowyobili saxli _ es aris ezo, sastumro oTaxi,

saZinebeli, abazana, sapirfareSo, romlebic sasurvelia Semde-

gnairad gamoiyurebodes:

ezo _ saxlis ezo unda iyos gamwvanebuli, yvavilebiT

galamazebuli, dasufTavebuli da movlili, ar unda iyos ga-

datvirTuli Zveli sameurneo inventariT. sasurvelia ezoSi

idges magida da skamebi, sadac karg amindSi turisti isadilebs,

isauzmebs da mzes mieficxeba. sameurneo-sayofacxovrebo saq-

meebi (sarecxis gafena, nagvis gatana, SeSis dapoba da a.S.) unda

xdebodes ezos ukana mxares, mofarebul adgilas, ukidures

SemTxvevaSi, stumrebis aryofnis dros.

sastumro (sasadilo) oTaxi _ sadac ikribebian, sauzmoben,

sadiloben da vaxSmoben turistebi, unda iyos naTeli da sufTa,

xSirad unda niavdebodes. ar unda iyos avejiT gadatvirTuli,

da ar unda idges sawoli.

saZinebeli _ turistisaTvis gankuTvnil saZinebel oTaxs

unda hqondes damoukidebeli Sesasvleli, fanjara fardiT

gawyobili (sasurvelia, ori saxis: sqeli da Txeli). oTaxSi

unda iyos ganlagebuli Semdegi aveji da nivTebi:

� ori sawoli _ sawolebi unda iyos gamarTuli; TeTreuli

sasurvelia TeTri feris da xSirad gamoicvalos;

� sabani unda Seesabamebodes binaSi arsebul saSualo tem-

peraturas;

� yovel sawolTan sasurvelia idges e.w. “tumbo” an patara

magida, razec daidgmeba eleqtro lampa damoukidebeli

CamrTveliT, an sinaTlis sxva wyaro;

� sasurvelia saZinebel oTaxSi iyos sarke;

� tansacmlis karada (carieli), an Ria sakidi;

� patara saweri magida;

� ori skami;

� yovel turists oTaxSi unda daxvdes erTi didi da erTi-

28


patara pirsaxoci.

oTaxSi an karadaSi ar unda ewyos ojaxis wevrebis piradi

nivTebi, kedlebze ar unda ekidos saojaxo fotosuraTebi; tur-

ists ar unda hqondes imis SegrZneba, rom igi viRacis oTaxSi

cxovrobs.

saZinebeli oTaxis dalageba xdeba yoveldRe, dilis

saaTebSi, rodesac turisti gasulia oTaxidan (saseirnod, sa-

sauzmod da a.S.). oTaxis dalageba moicavs: mtveris gadawmen-

das, sawolis gasworebas, gadasafareblis gadafarebas, dagva-

dasufTavebas notio tiloTi. ar aris sasurveli turistis

piradi nivTebis xelis xleba da gadaadgileba.

abazana, sapirfareSo _ unda iyos yovelTvis dasufTavebu-

li da uzrunvelyofili wyliT; Tu arsebobs wylis Sewyvetis

saSiSroeba, saWiroa damatebiT WurWelSi iyos wylis sakmarisi

maragi. abazana da sapirfareSo aucileblad unda niavdebodes,

anu hqondes sarkmeli, an saventilacio mili. unda iyos kargad

ganaTebuli da hqondes usafrTxo eleqtrogayvaniloba.

sasurvelia, svel wertilSi, romelsac xmaroben turistebi,

idges unitazi da iqve iyos xelsabani da saSxape.

Tu sastumroSi ar arsebobs, an mwyobridan gamovida wylis

gamacxelebeli, diasaxlisma wylis gacxeleba unda moaxerxos

sxva saSualebiT. abazanaSi unda iyos sarke, patara Taro da

ramdenime sakidi pirsaxocebisa da tansacmlisaTvis. turists

abazanaSi unda daxvdes saponi.

abazanaSi ar unda ewyos ojaxis wevrebis piradi nivTebi

(kosmetika, flostebi, sarecxi da a.S.). sapirfareSoSi aucile-

blad unda iyos tualetis qaRaldi da tualetis sawmendi

jagrisi.

Tu turistebis raodenoba or-sam personaze metia, xolo

sveli wertili mxolod erTia, saWiroa igi dReSi ramdenjerme

dalagdes da Cautardes dezinfeqcia saTanado xsnarebiT.

turistebis stumrobis dros oTaxebSi ar unda iyvnen

Sinauri cxovelebi.

ojaxuri sastumros samarTavad saWiroa ojaxis Sromis-

unariani da keTilganwyobili minimum ori wevri _ koordina-

tori da diasaxlisi. Tu turistTa raodenoba aRemateba 6-8

personas, saWiro iqneba mesame damxmare adamiani. koordinatorsa

da diasaxliss Soris sasurvelia funqciebi Semdegnairad

ganawildes:

koordinatori _ komunikabeluri adamiani, Tavs uyris

informacias turistTa Sesaxeb, urTierToba aqvs turistul

organizaciebTan; uzrunvelyofs stumrebis miReba-dabinavebas,

29


awvdis turists informacias sastumros Sidaganawesisa da

yvela saxis momsaxurebis fasebis Sesaxeb.

koordinatorma sasurvelia winaswar icodes turistebis

Camosvlis zusti TariRi da dro, turistTa raodenoba, rogori

ganlagebiT sWirdebaT oTaxebi (erTi, ori an meti adamiani

erT oTaxSi), romeli qveynidan Camodian, ra specifikuroba

axasiaTebT da sxva. magaliTad, ebraelebi ar miirTmeven Ro-

ris xorcs, iaponelebs uyvarT fexSiSveli siaruli, xSirad

vegetarianelebi arian da a.S.

turistma an turistulma organizaciam koordinatorisa-

gan winaswar unda icodes Semdegi momsaxurebis fasebi:

� RamisTeva + sauzme;

� RamisTeva orjeradi kvebiT (sauzme, vaxSami);

� RamisTeva samjeradi kvebiT;

� lanC-boqsi (sagzali);

� sastumroSi arsebuli damatebiTi momsaxurebis saSualebani

(cxenebi, gidi, avtomanqana da sxva).

koordinatori agreTve unda zrunavdes sastumros sxva-

dasxva sameurneo saqonliT da produqtiT momaragebaze.

diasaxlisi _ ZiriTadad dakavebuli unda iyos saSinao

saqmeebiT. mis kompetenciaSia - kerZebis momzadeba, turiste-

bis kvebis dros magidasTan momsaxureba da zrunva saxlis

sisufTaveze.

diasaxliss unda axsovdes, rom sworad organizebuli

kveba da misi xarisxi turistebis mozidvis erT-erTi mTavari

saSualebaa.

koordinatori da diasaxlisi, rogorc wesi, unda cdi-

lobdnen, rom ojaxis piradi stumrebiT ar Seawuxon turistebi.

agreTve moaridon isini yovelgvar konfliqtur situacias

adgilobriv mosaxleobasTan an sxva turistul jgufebTan.

CamoTvlili rekomendaciebis gaTvaliswinebiT SeiZleba Cveu-

lebrivi sacxovrebeli saxli vaqcioT karg ojaxur sastumrod.

sastumros mesveurebi yoveldRiurad unda cdilobdnen,

rom sastumro gaxdes ufro komfortuli, konkurentunariani,

gaumjobesdes kvebis xarisxi, momsaxureba da sacxovrebeli

pirobebi; SeZenil iqnas ukeTesi xarisxis aveji, TeTreuli,

WurWeli da sxva.

sastumros kargi sacxovrebeli pirobebi da momsaxureba

iZleva SeasZleblobas moizidoT meti turisti da amiT miiRoT

meti Semosavali.

nana gvelebiani,gudauri, sastumro “Truso”-s direqtori.

30


rCevebi rCevebi

turistebis avtotransportiT momsaxure turistebis avtotransportiT momsaxure

mZRolebisaTvismZRolebisaTvis

warmoidgineT, roca Tqven ojaxis wevrebTan erTad, avto-

transportiT miemgzavrebiT sxva qalaqSi, gasagebia, rom Tqven

did yuradRebas aqcevT komfortul mgzavrobas. Tu mZRols

emCneva wina dRiT gadametebulad miRebuli sasmeli, bevrs

laparakobs mobiluri telefoniT, gamudmebiT eweva sigarets,

manqana saxifaTod da biZgebiT dahyavs, cxadia, es Tqven ukmayo-

filebas gamoiwvevs. amitom gasakviri ar aris, rom turistebic

moiTxoven avtomZRolisagan kvalificiur momsaxurebas.

turizmis sferoSi avtosatransporto momsaxurebas,

miTumetes maRal mTaSi, gansakuTrebulad mniSvnelovani ad-

gili ukavia. amitom, sasurvelia, yvela mZRoli profesiulad

moemsaxuros klients, risTvisac sawyis etapze saWiroa man

ramdenime piroba Seasrulos, kerZod:

� mivides daniSnulebis adgilas ramdenime wuTiT adre,

mowesrigebuli, sasiamovnod Cacmuli da dasvenebuli;

� manqana daaxvedros turistebs teqnikurad gamarTuli, da-

sufTavebuli, saTadarigo saburaviT, saWiro instrumentebiT

aRWurvili da sawvaviT momaragebuli;

� araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda gadaaWarbos siCqares; cudi

gzis pirobebSi 15-20 km siCqarec SeiZleba gadaWarbebulad

CaiTvalos;

� daexmaros mgzavrebs bargis datvirTva-gadmotvirTvaSi;

� turistebis mier manqanidan CamosvlisTanave Seamowmos

manqanis saloni da darCenili nivTi droulad daubrunos

patrons;

� radiomimRebis da musikis CarTva-gamorTva sasurvelia

SeTanxmebuli iyos mgzavrebTan, radiomimRebi Zalian ar

unda xmaurobdes;

� ar aris sasurveli turistebTan erTad sxva pirebis mgzavroba;

� ar aris agreTve rekomendebuli gzaSi sigaretis moweva,

mobiluri telefoniT gamudmebuli laparaki da manqanidan

garemos danagvianeba;

� mgzavrebis survilisamebr gaaCeros manqana da amis gamo

ar gamoxatos ukmayofileba;

� manqanis daZvra, gaCereba, SeCereba Tu gzaze Semxvedri or-

mos acileba unda xdebodes ise, rom mgzavrebi Zalian ar

Sewuxdnen;

31


� gzis saSiS monakveTebze aucilebelia mgzavrebis manqanidan

Camosma da maTTvis am adgilis fexiT gavlis SeTavazeba;

� mZRoli valdebulia zrunavdes mgzavrTa usafrTxoebaze,

rogorc avtomanqanaSi, ise maTi gareT yofnis dros;

� Tu gzaze gaCnda winaRobebi wvimis Sedegad Camotanili

qva-RorRis, didi talaxis an sxva saxiT, sjobs mZRolma

mgzavrebis an sxvaTa daxmarebiT gawmindos es monakveTi

da ar Seecados manqaniT mis gadalaxvas, vinaidan aman Sei-

Zleba gamoiwvios manqanis dazianeba da axali problemis

Seqmna;

� mZRoli mgzavrobis dros ar unda SeeWidos kokispirul

wvimas, intensiur Tovas, gauval nisls da bunebis sxva

Wirveulobas, romlebmac SeiZleba safrTxeSi Caayenos mgza-

vrebi – am SemTxvevaSi rekomendebulia usafrTxo adgilas

manqanis droebiT gaCereba da mocda;

� mZRoli unda Seecados, rom turistebs RamiT mgzavroba ar

mouwioT.

sasurvelia, mZRolma zogadad icodes mgzavrobis marSrutis

istoriul-kulturuli da bunebrivi Zeglebis Sesaxeb da gidis

(megzuris) aryofnis SemTxvevaSi SesZlos mgzavrebis kiTxvebze

kvalificiuri pasuxis gacema.

mgzavrobis dros mZRoli Tavisi moqmedebiT ar unda iqcev-

des yuradRebas, ar axdendes Tavisi ostatobis afiSirebas

da sxva. mgzavrebi amas TviTon Seafaseben da kmayofilnic

darCebian.

givi qarTveliSvili,saqarTvelos mTis moyvarulTa kavSiri.

32


rCevebirCevebi

samTo-turistis gamyolisaTvissamTo-turistis gamyolisaTvis

saqarTveloSi samTo turizmis ganviTarebis erT-erTi

aucilebeli pirobaa samTo gamyolebis – gidebis maRali kva-

lifikacia.

Tu adgilobrivma mkvidrma an vinme sxvam romelime samTo

marSruti individualurad da maRal tempSi gaiara, es sulac

ar niSnavs imas, rom es pirovneba ukve kargi samTo gamyolia.

rogorc yvela saqmeSi, aqac saWiroa konkretuli sakiTxe-

bis codna, romelic araerTi detalisagan Sedgeba, miTumetes,

roca saqme gvaqvs jgufis gaZRolasa da mis usafrTxoebas-

Tan.

qvemoT moyvanilia rCevebi samTo turistis gamyolisaTvis,

romelic mas gamoadgeba Tavisi saqmianobis pirvel etapze:

� samTo turistebis gamyolma sasurvelia icodes sakontaqto

ucxo ena (magaliTad _ rusuli, inglisuri);

� turistuli sezonis dawyebamde, marSrutis mdgomareobis

Semowmebis mizniT, winaswar gaiaros aRniSnuli marSru-

ti;

� marSrutze gasvlamde gaecnos jgufis Semadgenlobas, mis

wevrTa SesaZleblobebs, survilebs, janmrTelobas;

� maRal mTaSi rTul marSrutze gasvlamde sasurvelia

jgufma Camosvlidan erTi-ori dRis ganmavlobaSi miiRos

adaptacia-aklimatizacia;

� jgufTan erToblivad ganixilos marSruti, SeaTanxmos jgu-

fis wevrebTan marSrutze siarulis xangrZlivoba da tempi,

Sesvenebis adgili da dro, SearCevinos jgufs Sesabamisi

Cacmuloba, saerTo saWurveli, sagzali da sxva, marSrutze

gasvlamde Seamowmos jgufis saerTo saWurvelis (karavi,

Toki, primusi da sxv.) vargisianoba;

� marSrutis gavlis mTel periodisaTvis icodes sinop-

tikosebis monacemebi da hqondes kavSiri (teqnikuri saSu-

alebebiT) dasaxlebul punqtebTan;

� gamyoli unda gamocxaddes jgufTan marSrutze gasvlamde

ramdenime wuTiT adre mowesrigebuli da dasvenebuli, unda

iyos marSrutis gavlisaTvis Sesaferisad Cacmuli, hqondes

aRWurviloba da saerTo saWurvelis nawili (altimetri,

ruka, marSrutis aRweriloba, primusi, Termosi, dana, fanari,

kavSiris saSualeba, mcire afTiaqi da sxva);

� Tu marSruti rTulia, gamyoli ki _ erTi, sasurvelia jgufi

33


Sedgebodes araumetes 8-10 kacisagan;

� erTnairi mondomebiT moemsaxuros rogorc adgilobriv, ise

ucxoel turists;

� jgufi gaiyvanos marSrutze da ukan daabrunos daTqmul

dros;

� saWurveli, sagzali da marSrutis gavlisaTvis saWiro dro

gaTvlili unda iyos uamindobazec;

� marSrutze gasvlis win jgufis adgilsamyofelSi an Tavis

mewyvilesTan datovos Setyobineba, Tu romel marSrutze

gadis, dabrunebis TariRisa da saaTis miTiTebiT;

� ecados daTqmul marSruts ar gadauxvios; Tu aeria gza,

sasurvelia, dabrundes marSrutidan acdenis adgilamde da

gaagrZelos svla dadgenili marSrutiT;

� sasurvelia marSrutis monakveTebze hqondes dasvenebisaT-

vis SerCeuli kargi adgilebi da SeeZlos iqidan gadaSlili

panoramis aRwera;

� marSrutis pirveli monakveTi daiwyos neli tempiT da aTi-

TxuTmeti wuTis Semdeg jgufi daasvenos, raTa turistebma

moirgon samosi, gaisworon Cacmuloba, zurgCanTa, Seeguon

siaruls da sxva;

� marSrutis gavlis mTel periodSi jgufis yvela monawile

unda iyos gamyolis TvalTaxedvis areSi, amitom aucile-

beli pirobaa jgufi ar gaiwelos;

� gamyoli unda ikvebebodes jgufTan erTad da, sasurvelia,

ar eweodes sigarets;

� yovlad dauSvebelia marSrutze raime nagvis dayra, aucile-

belia misi Camotana polieTilenis parkebiT sanagve yuTa-

mde;

� siarulis tempi SearCios jgufSi yvelaze susti monawilis

tempis gaTvaliswinebiT;

� fizikurad sust monawiles, miTumetes mdedrobiTi sqesis

warmomadgenels, delikaturad SesTavazos bargis nawilis

waReba an tvirTi gadaunawilos jgufis wevrebs;

� Tu marSrutze jgufs regularulad CamorCeba romelime

monawile, unda gaarkvios amis mizezi. SeiZleba es iyos

bargis zedmeti wona, cudad Calagebuli da mourgebeli

zurgCanTa, fexsacmeli, svlis tempi, janmrTeloba; gaiT-

valiswinos dadgenili mizezi da miiRos Sesabamisi gadaw-

yvetileba;

� Tu jgufSi vinme SeuZlod Seiqna da aucilebeli gaxda

misi ukan dabruneba, avadmyofs unda gaayolos sul mcire

ori turisti, Tu amis saSualeba ar aris, jgufi mTlianad

34


unda moxsnas marSrutidan da daabrunos;

� marSrutis gavlis dros unda ecados daicvas jgufTan

winaswar SeTanxmebuli pirobebi: siarulis tempi, sadilis,

dasvenebis, RamisTevisa da dabrunebis dro da sxva;

� dRis bolos saSualedo banakebSi karvebis gaSla, agreTve

marSrutidan dabrunebis dro ise unda gansazRvros, rom

turistebma yvelaferi moaswron dabnelebamde;

� samTo gamyolma unda gaiaros pirveladi samedicino dax-

marebis specialuri kursi;

� saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi SeeZlos pirveladi samedicino

daxmarebis aRmoCena;

� yoveli marSrutis gavlis dros jgufs unda hqondes e.w.

pirveladi daxmarebis wamlebi da saSualebebi (gulis,

kuWis, yelis, wnevis, damwvrobis, Wrilobis, sicxis damwevi,

Tavis tkivilis; binti, bamba da sxva.) gamyolma unda icodes

savele afTiaqSi arsebuli wamlebis daniSnuleba da misi

miRebis wesebi;

� gamyoli yuradRebiT unda iyos, raTa turistma marSrutis

gavlis procesSi ar dakrifos da ar SeWamos raime ucnobi

da mawyinari mcenaris nayofi;

� gamyolma ar unda dauSvas jgufis monawileebis mziT

damwvroba, moyinva, mTeli jgufis an misi wevris gadaRla,

jgufis wevris axirebuli survilis Sesruleba: cicabo

kldeze asvla, marSrutidan gadaxveva, civ wyalSi banaoba

da sxva;

� marSrutze yovlad dauSvebelia alkoholiani sasmelebis

waReba da SemTxveviT Sexvedrili adgilobrivi macxovre-

blebis an sxvaTa mier SemoTavazebuli alkoholiani sa-

smelebis miReba;

� sagzalis produqtebi sasurvelia iyos mravalferovani da

kargi xarisxis; raodenoba unda ganisazRvros sxvadasxva

faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT: ramdeni kaci da ramdeni qalia

jgufSi, ra asakis arian, ra marSrutia gasavleli, ramdeni

saaTi Tu dRea savali, wlis ra periodia, ra produqtebis

SeZena SeiZleba gzaze, rogori amindia mosalodneli.

gasaTvaliswinebelia jgufis gemovneba da materialuri

SesaZleblobebic. produqtebis wona unda dadgindes imis

mixedviT Tu ramdeni sauzme, sadili da vaxSamia dagegmili

marSrutis gavlis periodSi; yovelive amis gaTvaliswinebiT

produqtebis raodenoba SesaZloa meryeobdes 600-800 grama-

mde dReSi (mSrali produqti erT kacdReze);

� sjobs saWurvelisa da produqtebis SerCevaze sakmarisi

35


dro daixarjos marSrutze gasvlamde, raTa yvelaferi iyos

zustad gaTvlili da jgufma zedmeti araferi ataros da

arc araferi daakldes;

� marSrutis gavlis mTel periodSi gansakuTrebuli yur-

adReba unda mieqces produqtebis transportirebis pirobebs,

mis movlas RamisTevis adgilebSi, raTa produqti ar daiWy-

litos, ar gafuWdes, ar dasveldes, ar SeWamos cxovelebma

da sxva, didi mniSvneloba aqvs produqtebis SefuTvasa da

Calagebasac;

� Tu jgufi ramdenime dRiT gadis marSrutze, sasurvelia

produqtebi daiyos da dafasovdes misi moxmarebis dReebis

mixedviT: marSrutis gavlis pirvel, meore da a.S. dRee-

bze;

� vinaidan samTo gamyolebi, rogorc wesi, marSrutze tur-

istebTan erTad ramdenime dRe arian, aucilebelia gamyolma

icodes savele pirobebSi ramdenime dasaxelebis cxeli

kerZis damzadebac.

samTo-turistis piradi saWurvelis

savaraudo nusxa

� zurgCanTa (saSualo an didi zomis)

� saZile tomara

� “karemati” (paraloni)

� samTo fexsacmeli

� kedebi

� gamaSebi _ getrebi

� windebi

� sacvali

� perangi grZelsaxeloiani

� Sarvali grZeltotiani, qamari

� sviteri _ Salis Tbili

� sviteri _ usaxeloebo

� qurTuki

� “anoraki~ (qaris, wvimis sawinaaRmdego)� qudi Tbili da mzisgan dasacavi

� xelTaTmani TiTebiani

� Txilamuris an raime joxi

� Savi saTvale

36


� labada wvimis (polietilenis) an sxva

� jibis fanari, asanTebi saSualeba

� piradi higienis sagnebi

� jami, kovzi, Cangali, dana, kaTxa

� maTara an polieTilenis boTli

� bloknoti, kalmistari, fanqari

� video kamera, telefoni, Wogriti, fotoaparati.

saerTo moxmarebis saWurvelis da sameurneo saqonelis

savaraudo nusxa

� karavi

� Toki alpinisturi ≈ 30,0-40,0 m.� karabini 3-4 cali

� kompasi, durbindi-Wogriti

� savele afTiaqi

� niCabi patara an werayini

� primusi gazis, benzinis – sawvaviT

� culi patara, (marSrutze tyis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi)

� Toki sameureno

� qvabebi msubuqi, sxvadasxva zomis

� tafa patara

� CamCa patara

� samzareulos dana (mWreli)

� jami 3-4 litriani

� asanTi-sanTebela

� nemsi, Zafi, webovana (skoCi)

� polieTilenis parkebi narCenebis wamosaRebad.

piradi da saerTo saWurveli sasurvelia Seesabamebodes

CamonaTvals. rasakvirvelia, gasaTvaliswinebelia jgufis

materialuri SesaZleblobebi; saWurveli unda iyos msubuqi,

mcire moculobis da kargad morgebuli, xolo koreqcia unda

gakeTdes marSrutis xangrZlivobis, sirTulis, sezonis, amindisa

da sxva faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

37


cxeli kerZebis savaraudo nusxa

(savele pirobebSi)

� fafa brinjis, mananis, herkulesi, wiwibura

� borSCi, SCi

� supi brinjiT an makaroniT

� sublimirebuli supebi (sxvadasxva)

� flavi xorciT an tkbili

� Caxoxbili, sousi

� makaroni xorciT, yveliT, karaqiT

� erbokvercxi, omleti

� piure, moxarSuli kartofili

� yiyliyo, grenki

� kompoti, Cai, yava, kakao, rZe.

Cveni varaudiT, aRniSnuli rCevebi gamyols gamoadgeba

Tavisi saqmianobis sawyis etapze. misi Semdgomi profesiuli

srulyofa damokidebulia mondomebaze, praqtikaze da pirovnul

Tvisebebze.


38


turizmi da ekologiaturizmi da ekologia

dRes, rodesac msoflio sazogadoeba daRlilia didi

qalaqebisa da aglomeraciebis erTferovani, daxuTuli gare-

moTi da cxovrebis Tavbrudamxvevi tempiT, metad faseuli gaxda

dasveneba mTaSi patara, magram kargad mowyobil ojaxuri tipis

sastumroebSi. aseTi sastumroebi turists saSualebas aZlevs

Tavi igrZnos adgilobriv yofasTan da bunebasTan ufro axlos.

am praqtikam fexi unda moikidos Cvens maRalmTianeTSic.

kavkasionis mwvervalebi, uReltexilebi, myinvarebi, mRvi-

meebi, mdinareebi, CanCqerebi axlo momavalSi moizidavs samTo

turistebis, alpinistebis, mogzaurobis da aqtiuri dasvenebis

moyvarulTa xalxmraval nakads. Tu gvsurs SevinarCunoT Cveni

buneba da misi naxvis msurvelTa ltolva, aucilebelia yvela

Cvenganma da Cvenma stumrebmac davicvaT mTis ekologiuri

usafrTxoeba.

bolo wlebSi samecniero literaturaSi didi yuradReba

daeTmo termins “ekoturizmi”. ekoturizmis koncefciis aR-

moceneba pirvel rigSi gamoiwvia bunebrivi garemos mimarT in-

teresis zrdam da imis gacnobierebam, Tu raoden mniSvnelovania

bunebrivi garemos dacva da misi SenarCuneba. gansakuTrebiT

igrZnoba am sakiTxis mniSvneloba im SemaSfoTebel fonze,

rodesac adamianis bunebaze zemoqmedebam ukve saSiS dones

miaRwia da gadagvarebas uqadis bunebis mier naboZeb klimatur

resursebs. amis gamo TandaTan irRveva garemosTan Seguebis

ekologiuri wonasworoba, rac misi mzardi dabinZurebiTaa

gamowveuli.

globaluri daTbobis Sedegad mosalodneli ekokatastro-

fis saSiSroebam naTlad daanaxa mTel kacobriobas, Tu raoden

savalaloa ekologiuri sakiTxebis ugulvebelyofa. nebismieri

aseTi sakiTxi, zogadi Tu konkretuli, farTomasStabiani Tu

adgilobrivi xasiaTis, udides mniSvnelobas iZens Cvens droSi,

rodesac kacobrioba ukve yoveldRiurad imkis bunebaze gau-

azrebeli zemoqmedebis Sedegebs. amitom saWiroa ara marto

saxelmwifom, aramed lokalur donezec ekologiuri wesebis

gaazreba da Sesabamisi moqmedeba. gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa

es sakiTxi turizmis mzardi ganviTarebis pirobebSi, rodesac

ekologiuri codna sasicocxlo mniSvnelobas iZens. swored

amitom gaxda ekologiuri turizmis sakiTxebi Seswavlisa da

cxovrebaSi farTod danergvis sagani.

pirvelad termini “ekoturizmi” gvxvdeba 80-iani wlebis

39


bolos Seqmnil naSromebSi. misi warmoSoba, upirveles yovlisa,

dakavSirebuli iyo im reaqciasTan, romelic gamoiwvia evropaSi

masobrivi turizmis mier bunebriv garemosaTvis miyenebulma

zianma da uaryofiTma gavlenam.

Cveni myife bunebrivi garemos naxvis, Seswavlisa da mavne

zegavlenisagan dacvis ideam SeaTavsa termini “eko”, romelic

asocirdeba ekologiasTan, ekosistemasTan, ekosferosTan da

warmoSva dReisaTvis turizmis iseTi popularuli da keTil-

Sobiluri mimarTuleba, rogoricaa ekoturizmi.

terminis “ekoturizmi” gansazRvra Semdegia: mogzauroba

SedarebiT xeluxlebel da daubinZurebel teritoriaze misi

peizaJis, veluri bunebis, cxovelTa samyaros da kulturuli

RirSesaniSnaobebis Seswavlis da daTvalierebis mizniT. es

aris kulturuli dasveneba bunebis wiaRSi, romelic ar ayenebs

zians garemos.

teritoriis monaxuleba, misi gacnoba da bunebrivi

garemos elementebis Seswavla siaxles ar warmoadgens. rek-

reaciuli aqtivobis iseTi saxeobebi, rogoricaa laSqroba,

alpinizmi, saTxilamuri sporti da sxva, popularuli iyo jer

kidev termin “ekoturizmis” SemoRebamde. amitom aqtivoba, ro-

melic ekoturizmis kategoriaSi Sedis, axali ar aris. axali

aris TviT ideologia, romelic damkvidrda turizmze da rek-

reaciul resursebze moTxovnis katastrofuli zrdis gamo.

dasveneba bunebis wiaRSi sakmaod gavrcelebuli movle-

naa da didi xania popularulia kavkasionze, ganskuTrebiT

mis maRalmTian nawilSi, romelic cnobilia Tavisi umdidresi

bunebrivi da kulturuli rekreaciuli resursebiT. magram,

samwuxarod, xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac bunebis wiaRSi das-

venebisa da turizmis procesi araorganizebulad da daugeg-

mavad mimdinareobs. aman SeiZleba gamoiwvios Zvirfasi da uni-

kaluri landSaftebis degradacia da ganadgurebac ki. amitom

teritoriuli resursebis gamoyeneba turistuli miznebisaTvis

unda iyos racionaluri, kargad organizebuli da aucileblad

emyarebodes mdgradi ganviTarebis principebs.

mdgradi ganviTarebis gansazRvra Semdegnairad SeiZleba:

es aris iseTi procesi, romelic saSualebas aZlevs dRevan-

del Taobebs ise ganviTardnen, rom momaval Taobebsac darCeT

amis saSualeba. mdgradi ganviTareba moicavs sam komponents:

socialur ganviTarebas, ekonomikur ganviTarebasa da gare-

mos marTvas. samive mimarTuleba mudam dabalansebuli unda

iyos. rogorc ki erT-erTi maTgani gauswrebs meores, mdgradi

ganviTarebis samkuTxedi dairRveva da Sedegad miviRebT

40


daubalansebel situacias, romlis drosac an garemo iqneba

daucveli, an ekonomikuri zrda SeuZlebeli, an mosaxleobas ar

eqneba Sesabamisi socialuri uzrunvelyofa. swored mdgradi

ganviTarebis principebis safuZvelze warmoiSva iseTi dargi,

rogoricaa mdgradi turizmi. mdgradi turizmis idea da misi

ganviTreba saSualebas aZlevs Tanamedroveebs xelSeuxeblad

SeunarCunon momaval Taobebs bunebrivi garemo. adgilobrivi

mosaxleobis CarTva turizmis ganviTarebaSi xels uwyobs

qveynebs daZlion siRaribe da amasTanave SeinarCunon bunebrivi

garemo da kulturuli memkvidreoba.

ganviTarebadi qveynebisaTvis turizmi ekonomikuri zrdis

erTerTi mTavari pirobaa. kerZod, igi qmnis adgilobrivi eko-

nomikis ganviTarebis SesaZleblobas, xels uwyobs moxmarebis

sagnebis adgilze realizacias, ZiriTadi simdidris _ kultu-

ris da bunebrivi memkvidreobis kapitalizaciis SesaZleblobas,

ukeTesi samuSao pirobebis Seqmnas.

arsebobs mdgradi turizmis ramdenime saintereso saxeoba,

romelTagan gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia:

eTnografiuli turizmi – rodesac turisti Camodis, raTa

gaecnos adgilobrivi mosaxleobis wes-Cveulebebs, ritualebs,

kulturas, simRerebs, cekvebs, tradiciul Sidarewvas, mewarmeo-

bas da a.S.

agroturizmi – rodesac turisti Camodis im mizniT, rom

icxovros adgilobrivi mosaxlesaviT, imuSaos masTan erTad

mindorSi, mowvelos Zroxa, daamuSaos miwa, ikvebos masTan erTad,

anu garkveuli droiT gaxdes maspinZlis ojaxis wevri.

gastronomiuli turizmi – rodesac adamiani Camodis

adgilobrivi samzareulos mravalferovnebis da tradiciuli

sufris wesebis gasacnobad.

ekoturizmi – rodesac turisti Camodis rom gaecnos

bunebriv mravalferovnebas. am ukanasknels gansakuTrebuli

roli eniWeba bunebis dacvis ideis popularizaciaSi, turistTa

farTo masebSi ekologiis sakiTxTa Sesaxeb codnis gavrcele-

basa da praqtikuli unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebaSi.

ekoturizmis yvela monawilem, rogorc organizatorebma,

ise turistebmac, unda gaicnobieron, rom mimzidveli land-

Saftebis ubralod daTvalerebis garda, maT agreTve wvlili

41


unda Seitanon da xeli Seuwyon bunebrivi obieqtebis dacvas,

SenarCunebasa da maTi sicocxlisunarianobis gaumjobesebas.

bunebrivi garemos yvelaze ufro xelsayreli mdgomareobis

Seqmna SesaZlebeli gaxdeba detaluri da mudmivi progra-

mis SemuSavebisa da Camoyalibebis gziT, sadac ekoturizmis

monawileebi SeZleben, Tavisi wvlili Seitanon bunebrivi gare-

mos gaumjobesebaSi ara marto raRac garkveul landSaftze

yofnisas, aramed gaagrZeleben TavianT Tanadgomas mudmiv da

xangrZliv safuZvelze.

bolo dros aRiniSneba organizebuli turizmis Semcireba

da mis nacvlad, damoukidebeli damsveneblebis e.w. “veluri

turistebis” nakadis mozRvaveba. xSirad maTi stumrobis Semdeg

bunebis mravali unikaluri da lamazi obieqti dabinZurebulia,

landSafti dazianebulia, ganadgurebulia mcenareuli safari,

iSviaTi mcenareebi. yovelive es metyvelebs e.w. “ekologiuri

bilikebis” Seqmnisa da xalxTan saTanado saganmanaTleblo

samuSaos Catarebis aucileblobaze. “ekologiuri bilikebi”

unda gadiodes yvelgan, sadac turistTa moZraoba ukve daiwyo,

an aris mosalodneli. turizmSi momuSave personali kargad

unda erkveodes ekologiisa da bunebis dacvis sakiTxebSi, aq-

tiurad uziarebdes turistebs codnas da aZlevdes maT swor

mimarTulebas. “ekologiur bilikebs” sxvanairad “bunebis

saganmanaTleblo bilikebs” uwodeben. isini ikvaleba bunebis

unikalur ubnebSi, bunebriv ZeglebTan an sxva RirSesaniSnav

adgilebTan da amiT gacilebiT ukeT inaxeba bunebrivi kom-

pleqsebi.

turizmma araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda daazianos arc

bunebrivi garemo da arc kulturuli memkvidreoba. Tu xval

es ori komponenti aRar iarsebebs, CvenTan Camosvlis survili

arc aravis eqneba.

ekoturizmis ganviTarebisaTvis sasurvelia Sesabamisi in-

frastruqtura, gegma, Tu ra aris sanaxavi adgilze, vis SeuZlia

aCvenos es yvelaferi da ra saxiT warmoudginos. amitom saWiro

xdeba kvalificirebuli adgilobrivi gidebis (gamyolebis)

aucilebloba.

maS ase, gavufrTxildeT sanukvar bunebas yovelgvari

dazianebisagan.

nato kirvaliZe,regionaluri ekologiuri centri kavkasiisaTvis.

42


saojaxo sastumroSi turistebis saojaxo sastumroSi turistebis

kvebis Taviseburebakvebis Tavisebureba

qarTuli samzareulo Cveni qveynis uZvelesi da umdidresi

kulturis erT-erTi naTeli gamovlinebaa. igi damsaxurebuli

popularobiT sargeblobs mraval qveyanaSi.

rogorc wesi, turistis an stumris keTilganwyoba bevrad

aris damokidebuli maT yoveldRiur kvebaze, amitom am sakiTxs

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda davuTmoT.

ucxoeli turistebis umravlesoba, romelic pirvelad

usinjavs gemos qarTveli diasaxlisebis naxelavs, umalve

aRniSnavs Cveni kerZebis saukeTeso gemosa da surnelebas. Tu

ojaxis sastumroSi ucxoeli turisti erTi an ori dRiT aris

Camosuli, maSin misi dapureba qarTuli kerZebiT, rasakvirvelia,

advilia, magram Tu turisti saqarTveloSi ukve karga xans

stumrobs da TqvenTan kidev ramdenime dRe gaCerdeba, stumris

gamokvebis sakiTxi (kerZebis xSiri gameorebis saSiSroebis

TvalsazrisiT) cotaoden rTuldeba, amitom aucilebelia

kerZebis menius gafarToeba.

maRal mTaSi ojaxi, bunebrivia, mravalferovani produqtebis

(bostneuli, baRCeuli, xili) naklebobas ganicdis, Sesabamisad

kerZebis arCevanic mcirdeba. amis kompensacia SeiZleba movax-

dinoT arsebuli produqtebidan kargad damzadebuli kerZebis

xarjze, ise, rom baridan mosulma qarTvelma diasaxlismac

jerovnad Seaqos Tqveni naxelavi!

mTaSi TiTqmis yvela ojaxs hyavs msxvilfexa pirutyvi

da im dros, rodesac rZis nawarmisagan damzadebuli kerZebiT

SeiZleba turistis kvebis sakiTxis TiTqmis sanaxevrod gadaw-

yveta, Cvenma diasaxlisebma (saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi)

rZisgan qvemoT CamoTvlili aTze meti dasaxelebidan, kargad

sami an oTxi dasaxelebis produqtis damzadeba Tu ician. an

ician, magram ojaxis tradiciuli meniudan amoRebuli aqvT.

arada: Wyinti da imeruli yveli, sulguni, gudis yveli, xaWo,

dambali xaWo, naduRi, araJani, do, mawoni, karaqi, erbo, naRebi xom

stumris racionis gamdidrebis udidesi rezervia.

mTis mkvidrma axalgazrda diasaxlisebma TiTqos yvelam

unda icodes iseTi tradiciuli da elementaruli kerZebis

kargad damzadeba, rogoricaa xaWapuri, kubdari, xinkali, xaSlama

an erbokvercxi, magram rogorc wesi, am dasaxelebebidan maT

ician erTi an ori kerZis marTlac kargad damzadeba, danarCeni

ki saswavli aqvT.

43


xSirad SexvdebiT sufras, sadac xaWapuri an mlaSea, an

umarilo, an Zalian bevri yveli aqvs datanebuli, an piriqiT,

yveli cotaa, an comia Zalze sqeli.

aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac xinklis Sezavebul farSs meore

dResac da Tan sqel comSi moaxveven. xaSlamis xarSvisas

qafi mouxdelia, xan Warbad aqvs mwvanili, an gadaxarSulia.

erbokvercxis momzadebisas kvercxs kargad ar aTqvefen, karaqs

zomaze ar uzamen, tafas saxuravs ar daafareben da erbokver-

cxi dacemuli gamodis.

yvela SemTxvevaSi, rogorc wesi, kerZs ekargeba gemo, sur-

neleba da samzeradac Seuxedavia. es iwvevs stumris mxridan

mdumare, gamouxatav ukmayofilebas, rac momavalSi uaryofiTad

moqmedebs ojaxis Semdgom stumrianobaze.

es magaliTebi imitom ki ar mogvyavs, rom vinme Seura-

cxhvyoT. amiT pirvel rigSi gvsurs SevaxsenoT maRal mTaSi

mcxovreb diasaxlisebs: vinaidan maT mxareSi produqtebis, xil-

bostneulis metad SezRuduli nairsaxeobaa, amis kompensacia

Tavisuflad SeiZleba moxdes arsebuli produqtebidan mra-

valferovani da kargad damzadebuli kerZebis xarjze. amitom

sasurvelia, diasaxlisebma turistebis miRebamde Tavis ojaxSi

arsebuli da xelmisawvdomi produqtebidan bevri dasaxelebis

kerZebis damzadeba iswavlon, agreTve qarTuli, evropuli, veg-

etarianuli da samarxvo zogierTi kerZis damzadebaSic kargad

daxelovdnen, rac stumris kmayofilebis erT-erTi garanti

iqneba. diasaxlisebma unda icodnen, rom xSirad stumrebi Ta-

visi zrdilobis da moridebulobis gamo Seaqeben xolme maT

naxelavs, magram es mxolod qaTinauria – kerZi sinamdvileSi

unda iyos gemrieli da lamazad gaformebuli.

kvebis problemis gadasawyvetad kargi iqneba saojaxo

sastumros Sedgenili hqondes erTi e.w. samuSao meniu, sadac

Setanili iqneba ojaxSi arsebuli da xelmisawvdomi produqte-

bidan damzadebuli kerZebis saerTo CamonaTvali, romelsac

diasaxlisi kargad amzadebs. turistebis yoveli axali jgu-

fis Semosvlis da maTi gamokiTxvis Semdeg, diasaxlisma unda

gaiTvaliswinos maTi gemovneba, survilebi da Seadginos ukve

konkretuli meniu am jgufis stumrobis mTel periodze.

diasaxlisi turistebis miRebisTanave unda SeuTanxmdes

maT kvebis jeradobaze, meniuze da saWmlis miRebis saaTze.

rasakvirvelia, zustad unda davicvaT kvebis reJimi - sauzme

iqneba Tu sadili, da mivarTvaT stumars daTqmul (SeTanxme-

bul) dros.

didi mniSvneloba aqvs sufris gawyobas, sasadilo oTaxs,

44


magidas, skamebs, avejs, servizs. ar aris saWiro es yvelaferi

iyos ZviradRirebuli, magram unda iyos stumrisTvis mosax-

erxebeli. sasadilo magidaze gadasafarebeli sasurvelia iyos

naWris, sufTa, mxiarul ferebSi, kargi iqneba, Tu patara lar-

nakSi ideba ramdenime yvavili an foToli. magidaze ar unda

iyos gadafarebuli polieTilenis safari. kerZebi lamazad da

bunebrivad unda iyos gaformebuli, xolo langari an TefSebi,

zedmetad ar unda iyos gadatvirTuli kerZiT.

sufraze stumrebis dasxdomamde diasaxlisma unda Seamow-

mos, sakmarisia Tu ara magidaze TefSebi, Wiqebi, dana-Cangali,

xelsaxocebi, marili, puri da sxva. Tu stumrebs sadilze

daagviandaT, diasaxlisma yvela cxeli kerZi xelmeored unda

gaacxelos da ise miarTvas; garda amisa, sasurvelia, ojaxma

vaxSmobis an sxva dros, Tavisi piradi stumrebiT ar gadat-

virTos turistebi, zomieri yuradReba miaqcios sufras kvebis

mTel periodSi, droulad aalagos carieli boTlebi, langrebi,

gamocvalos TefSebi da sxva.

sasurvelia diasaxlisma stumrebs yoveldRe miarTvas

wvniani kerZi da gaiTvaliswinos, rom kerZebi ar unda iyos

zedmetad cximiani, mlaSe da cxare.

Tu stumars Tavisi nacionaluri kerZi moenatra da moi-

surva misi damzadeba misive Camotanili an Tqvens xelT arse-

buli produqtebisagan, Tqven unda daexmaroT mas damzadebaSi

da damzadebis wesic CainiSnoT.

qarTuli, aseve ucxouri kerZebis dasaxeleba da maTi re-

ceptebi uamravia. yvela kerZis momzadebis codna SeuZlebelia

da arc aris saWiro, amisTvis arsebobs wignebi, JurnalebSi da

gazeTebSi gamoqveynebuli receptebi, gamocdili diasaxlisebis

Canawerebi da sxva saSualebebi, riTac unda isargeblos yvela

diasaxlisma.

turistebis stumrobisas sasurvelia kerZebis dasaxeleba

yoveldRiurad icvlebodes, amitom diasaxlisma kerZis mocu-

lobis gansazRvrac kargad unda icodes.

qarTuli stumarTmoyvareoba da guluxvoba SesaniSnavi

da gamorCeuli Tvisebaa, magram gadametebuli araferi varga.

magaliTad, didi raodenobiT kerZis mirTmeva, an spirtiani sa-

smelis uzomod daZaleba, cudi tonia, Tan ojaxis biujetsac

uaryofiTad awveba.

Tu ojaxma turistuli sezonis dawyebamde icis moma-

vali stumrebis raodenoba da maTi Camosvlis dro, sasurve-

lia diasaxlisma Tadarigi daiWiros da winaswar izrunos

produqtebis momaragebaze Tu Sesyidvaze (miTumetes Tu axlos

45


ar aris maRazia). magaliTad: Tafli, muraba, jemi, wnili, tyemali,

tomatis sawebeli, fqvili, lobio, kartofili, burRuleuli,

lori da sxva. kargi iqneba Tu spirtiani sasmelebidan ojaxi

SemodgomiT SeiZens naturalur karg Rvinos da arays, riTac

stumars TiTo - ori WiqiT gaumaspinZldeba xolme.

ojaxis wevrebma unda icodnen, rom stumris droulad,

zomierad da gemrieli kerZebiT gamokveba saojaxo sastumros

warmatebiT amoqmedebis erT-erTi mTavari garantia.

qveviT mocemulia maRal mTaSi mcxovrebi ojaxebisaTvis

xelmisawvdomi produqtebis gamoyenebiT damzadebuli kerZe-

bis arasruli CamonaTvali, turistebis saSualo gemovnebis

gaTvaliswinebiT. SemoTavazebuli meniu SeiZleba gamoviyenoT

turistebis stumrobis ramdenime dReze.

CamoTvlili kerZebis raodenoba ar niSnavs imas, rom es

yvelaferi unda SesTavazoT stumars. Cveni mizania, am CamonaT-

valiT diasaxlisebs SevaxsenoT kerZebis dasaxelebebi, xolo

maT aqedan TviTon SearCion meniu Tavisi SesaZleblobebis da

gemovnebis Sesabamisad.

sauzme, samxari, vaxSami

√ puri - axali an gaxuxuli

√ yveli sxvadasxva, naklebad mariliani, mouxdeli, elarji,

dambali xaWo

√ bostneulis salaTa, vinigreti

√ xaWapuri, kubdari, lobiani, fxlovani, xabizgini (Sekecili),

WiSdvari

√ Rvezeli (xorciT, kartofiliT, brinjiT, sokoTi)

√ yveleuli “sirniki” (mSrali xaWo, kvercxi da cota fqvili

- Semwvari karaqSi)

√ karaqi ojaxis, araJani, xaWo, naRebi

√ rZe, mawoni, do, naduRi pitniT, gadazelili

√ fafa manis, brinjis, burRulis, herkulesi, wiwibura

√ lobio (cxlad, civad)

√ moxarSuli xorci civad

√ Semwvari sulguni, Semwvari sulguni kvercxiT

√ kartofili moxarSuli (karaqiT, xaxviT, kamiT), kartofili

Semwvari zeTSi

√ piure (karaqiT, rZiT)

√ moxarSuli kvercxi (Toxlo, mkvrivi, magari)

√ erbokvercxi, tafamwvari,omleti (Semwvar lorze mosxmuli

kvercxi)

√ erbokvercxi pamidvriT (xaxviT, mwvaniliT)

46


√ yiyliyo (kvercxSi amovlebuli puri karaqze Semwvari)

√ grenki (karaqSi an erboSi Semwvari puri)

√ ajafsandali

√ Saqari, Tafli, muraba, jemi

√ qada, ruleti, xili

√ Cai Savi, mwvane, Cai rZiT, limoniT

√ yava naleqiani, unaleqo, rZiT; kakao, rZe.

sadili

√ supi (stafiloTi, kartofiliT; brinjiT, vermiSeliT an

burRuliT)

√ supi - sokosi, mJaunis, lobiosi

√ mawvnis SeWamandi

√ CixirTma, xarCo

√ borSCi da SCi (xorciT da uxorcod), gufTa, supi

√ artala, bulioni qaTmis, saqonlis

√ salaTa mwvane, bostneulis, maioneziT, kombostosi, kitri-

pamidoris

√ moxarSuli wiTeli Warxali – ZmriT, qinZiT

√ lobio sirsveli, amozelili, nigvziT, moxrakuli zeTSi da

xaxvSi

√ mxali ispanaxis, WinWris, wiTeli; kombosto, badrijani

nigvziT

√ soko moxrakuli xaxvSi

√ xinkali (xorciT, xaWoTi, yveliT, sokoTi, kartofiliT)

√ xaSlama, yaurma, Caqafuli, Caxoxbili

√ sousi, ragu

√ katleti, sxvadasxva garniriT

√ tolma - galubci bostneuli farSiT

√ Tevzis romelime kerZi

√ sacivi Roris xorcis an Sinauri qaTmis, baJe

√ danduri, mJaveuloba, mwvanili

√ tyemali, tomatis sawebela, niorwyali

√ xili, kompoti, kiseli, wyali murabis wveniT, xilis natura-

luri wveni

√ Cai Savi, mwvane, yava sxvadasxva

√ mineraluri mJave wyali.

zemoT CamoTvlili kerZebis gadaadgileba sauzmis, samxris,

sadilis Tu vaxSmis dros damokidebuli iqneba ZiriTadad

diasaxlisis gemovnebaze da damzadebis SesaZleblobaze.

rasakvirvelia, kerZebis es CamonaTvali dogma ar aris da

47


zogierT diasaxliss SeuZlia bevrad meti kerZis ostaturad

damzadeba; ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom ramdenime dasaxelebis

kargad damzadebuli kerZi, xSirad sjobs uRimRamo did su-

fras.

samTo-turistebis sagzali (lanC-boqsi)

saojaxo sastumrodan, rogorc wesi, turistebi erTi an

ramodenime dRiT gadian samTo-turistul marSrutebze. am

SemTxvevaSi sasurvelia Tu amave sastumroSi isini SeZleben

miiRon sagzali (lanC-boqsi).

qvemoT moyvanilia produqtebis savaraudo CamonaTvali,

romelic turistebs dasWirdebaT sagzlisTvis:

√ puri, orcxobila, xaWapuri, qada;

√ yveli, karaqi, erbo, xaWo, araJani, mawoni;

√ aTqvefili kvercxi (Casxmuli polieTilenis boTlSi);

√ lori, Zexvi Sebolili, naxevradSebolili;

√ konservi Tevzis, xorcis;

√ sublimirebuli supebi paketebiT;

√ moxarSuli xorci;

√ burRuleuli, fafeuloba, makaronis nawarmi, brinji;

√ Sededebuli rZe, rZis fxvnili;

√ bostneuli, mwvanili;

√ tomati, tyemali;

√ Saqris fxvnili, Saqari natexi, peCenia, kamfeti, Sokoladi;

Tafli, jemi;

√ Ciri, tylapi, qiSmiSi;

√ xilis naturaluri wveni;

√ Cai, yava;

√ marili;

√ xelsaxoci.

maS ase, diasaxlisebo, daipyariT turistebis gulebi

Tqveni naxelaviT!


48


saqarTvelos mTis moyvarulTa kavSiri.

ucxoeli Tu Sida turisti

svaneTSi Camodis Cveni yofis, istoriu-

li Zeglebis, xat-salocavebis, gnebavT,

Cveni samzareulos gacnobis mizniT

da, rac mTavaria, qveiTad an cxeniT

samogzaurod. samogzauro anu tu-

ristuli marSruti erT-erTi mTavari

turistuli “produqtia”, romelsac

Tqven stumars sTavazobT. swored

marSrutze miRebuli gancda-STabeW-

dileba, nanaxiT miRebuli siamovneba

ganapirobebs Tqvens warmatebul

saqmianobas momavalSi turistuli

nakadis mozidvis TvalsazrisiT.

gaxsovdeT, rom Tqveni stumari _

cocxali reklamaa, yovelgvar rekla-

maze Zlieri saSualeba. Sin dab-

runebuli is Tavis emocias Zalaune-

burad avrcelebs Tavis axloblebSi,

megobrebSi, sanaTesaoSi Tu kolegebSi

zepirsityvierad, fotosuraTebiTa da

videomasaliT da imis mixedviT, Tu

rogoria misi svaneTSi mogzaurobi-

sas miRebuli STabeWdileba, sxvebsac

aRuZravs survils moinaxulon Cveni

samSoblos es ulamazesi kuTxe. imi-

saTvis, rom Tqven daakmayofiloT st-

umris cnobismoyvareoba da winaswar

SeamzadoT igi momavali marSruti-

saTvis, qvemoT mogvyavs ramodenime

marSrutis aRweriloba. sasurvelia

yvelam, vinc am saqmianobaSia CarTuli,

diasaxlisidan dawyebuli mZRolamde,

zogadad icodes im marSrutis Tavise-

burebani, romelzec turistebi gadian.

magaliTad, ra simaRlezea marSrutis

esa Tu is monakveTi, ra dro sWirdeba

mis gavlas, ra winaaRmdegobebia ga-

zemo svaneTis zogierTi samTo-turistuli zemo svaneTis zogierTi samTo-turistuli

marSrutis aRwerilobamarSrutis aRweriloba

49


dasalaxi, sad SeiZleba Seisvenos mogzaurma da a.S.

xSirad turists survili aqvs damoukideblad, gamyolis ga-

reSe, gaiaros marSruti. aseT SemTxvevaSi aq warmodgenili masala

Tqveni ganmartebebis TanxlebiT turists gauadvilebs marSrutze

moZraobas da, rasakvirvelia, daexmareba gamyolebsac.

qvemoT aRwerili marSrutebi, sacxenosnos garda, erT-

dRiani da radialuria, anu turisti erTi da igive gziT midis

da brundeba. rasakvirvelia, turistisaTvis wriuli marSruti

bevrad sainteresoa, radgan mas mudam surs axal-axali garemos

xilva. magram wriuli marSrutebis aTvisebas xels uSlis sa-

Tanado infrastruqturis, kerZod, TavSesafrebis ar arseboba,

sadac SesaZlebeli iqneboda Ramis gaTeva. TavSesafari saSu-

alebas mogvcemda gagvekvala mravaldRiani da mravalferovani

marSrutebi, rac bevrad gazrdida turistul nakadebs. amitom

axlo momavalSi Tqven gmarTebT am mimarTulebiTac ifiqroT da

daamuSaoT iseTi wriuli marSrutebi, romlebic qoxis arsebobis

pirobebSi, saSualebas mogcemT SesTavazoT stumars mravaldRi-

ani mogzauroba.

svaneTs samTo-turistuli marSrutebis amouwuravi mar-

agi gaaCnia – saiTac ar gaixedav, romel xeobaSiac ar Sexval

– yvelgan sulisSemZvreli silamazea. amdenad, aq warmodgenili

marSrutebi zRvaSi wveTia imasTan SedarebiT, rac momavalSi

unda gaikvalos. erTi sityviT, safiqrali da samuSao bevria,

magram metad saxaliso, radgan igi Cveni da Cveni qveynis keTil

momavals emsaxureba.

qvemoT gTavazobT metad saintereso oTxi qveiTi da erTi

sacxenosno marSrutis aRwerilobas. warmodgenili marSrutebi

markirebulia 2005 wlis zafxuls gamocdili gamyolebis – beso

guledanis, avRan naverianis, nugzar nigurianis, Temraz niJaraZis,

vaxtang filfanisa weredianis daxmarebiT, risTvisac

maT did madlobas vuxdiT. marSrutis aRwerilobebi damuSavebu-

lia proeqtis Semsruleblebis – saqarTvelos mTis moyvarulTa

kavSiris wevrebis mier. marSrutis aRweriloba Seicavs teqstur

ganmartebebs, marSrutis kartografiul sqemasa da hifsometriul

profils ZiriTadi orientirebis miTiTebiT.

warmodgenil sqemebze manZilebi gansazRvrulia msxvil-

maStabiani (1:50000) rukis mixedviT, xolo simaRleebi aTvlilia

altimetris meSveobiT. cTomileba manZilebSi Cveni varaudiT

ar aRemateba 200 m-s, xolo simaRleSi _ 30 m-s, marSrutis gav-

lisaTvis saWiro dro gaTvlilia saSualo tempiT mosiarule

jgufisaTvis.

50


mestiamestia

zemo svaneTSi Casvlisas, samTo marSrutebze gasvlamde,

sasurvelia erTi dRe dauTmoT metad saintereso da ganumeo-

rebel daba mestiis gacnobas.

mestiaSi Tqven SegiZliaT gaecnoT svaneTis eTnografiul

muzeums, margianebis sagvareulo svanur sacxovrebel saxl-

muzeums da svanur koSks, svaneTis arqeologiuri eqspediciis

eqsponatebs, mestiis SemogarenSi zargaaSSi mdebare samTamadano

WaburRils (Stolna), saqveynod cnobili mTamsvlelis mixeil

xergianisa da aseve cnobili samTo-moTxilamuris boria kaxia-

nis saxl-muzeumebs. agreTve sxvadasxva Semadgenlobis araerT

mineraluri wylis wyaroebs “sgim”-s.

garda amisa, sasurvelia Tu moinaxulebT mestiidan ori

kilometriT daSorebul hanwvalis mTis kalTebs, saidanac

gadaSlilia centraluri kavkasionis da svaneTis qedis ula-

mazesi mwvervalebis xedi.

51


marSruti _ monadireTa nabinavari marSruti _ monadireTa nabinavari

uSbis myinvarze (uSba)uSbis myinvarze (uSba)

marSrutis zogadi maxasiaTeblebi

marSruti Sedgeba ori – martivi, daaxloebiT xuTnax-

evarkilometriani da rTuli samkilometriani monakveTisagan.

sastarto wertili mdebareobs zRvis donidan 1600 m-ze. doneTa sxvaoba pirvel monakveTze Seadgens 230 m-s, xolo meore monakve-

Tze – 870 m-s. marSrutis gavlis saerTo xangrZlivoba qveiTad

– 8-9 saaTia*. marSrutis mizania axlo gavecnoT kavkasionis

erT-erT ulamazessa da umkacres ubans – uSba-Sxelda-mazeris

mTian masivs.

marSrutis aRweriloba

marSruti iwyeba sofel tvebiSis TavSi mdinare dol-

raze mdebare xididan (1600 m. zRvis donidan). mTeli marSruti

gakvalulia yviTeli feris saRebaviT moniSnuli isrebiT -

lodebze, xeebze da firniSebze.

marSruti miyveba mdinare dolras marjvena napirs sa-

marxilo gziT, gzis marcxena mxares ganTavsebulia xis meseriT

Semoraguli saTibebi. marSrutis marjvniv Cans mazeris piki

da samxreT uSba. 30 wuTis savalze gvxvdeba Rele, romelic

SeiZleba damSralic iyos. aqedan gavdivarT ielis buCqnarSi.

marjvniv davinaxavT qvebiT naSeneb mwyemsebis TavSesafars, 15

wuTis Semdeg mJave wylis wyaroa Wis saxiT, marjvniv Cans ma-

zeris piki, man ukve dafara uSba. amis Semdeg gza kveTs mdinare

dolras marjvena Senakads. marjvniv, Senakadis gaswvriv Cans

mazeris ori Jandarmi, xolo marcxena ferdze – gadamwvari

wiwvovani tyis koromi.

zRvis donidan 1700 m-ze gadavdivarT dolras meore

marjvena Senakadze. gzis marcxniv Cans Tovliani mTa – Cer-

inda (3580 m). aqedan iwyeba SesamCnevi aRmarTi. samarxile gza

mTavrdeba da biliki Sedis wiwvovan tyeSi. dolras marcxena

napirze Camodis myinvaruli ena da mdinare. daaxloebiT 1850

metr simaRleze gavivakebT, gavivliT ielis buCqnars da Sem-

deg wiwvovan koroms, romelSic Sereulia aryis tye. veSvebiT

* arsebobs marSrutis gavlis ori varianti: 1) savaraudo banaki-

dan (sof. mazeri, Woxuldi, tvebiSi) qveiTad mTeli marSrutis gav-

la; 2) marSrutis rbili eqvskilometriani monakveTis cxenebiT gav-

la dolras xidamde da rTuli monakveTis qveiTad daZleva .

53


Tavqveze, gavdivarT buCqnarSi. bilikze gvxvdeba gamorCeulad

didi lodi. aqedan, marjvena mxares ukve Cans marSrutis rTuli

monakveTis nawili da ori CanCqeri. qviani aRmarTiT vagrZelebT

gzas da isev gavivakebT ukve tyeSi.

marSrutis dasawyisidan daaxloebiT ori saaTis sava-

lis Semdeg gamoCndeba marSrutis rTuli monakveTis sruli

panorama: CanCqerebis plato, saidanac TiTqmis erTi simaRli-

dan (2400 m) warmoiqmneba oTxi wyalvardnili, maT Soris sami

marcxena mcirea, xolo kidura marjvena – mZlavri. Cven unda

moveqceT wyalvardnilebis Tavze, gadavkveToT sami mcire

wyalvardnili da paralelurad SevuyveT mZlavri CanCqeris

warmomqmnel nakads uSbis myinvarisaken. es xedi saSualebas

gvaZlevs SevafasoT Cveni SesaZleblobebi da miviRoT gzis

gagrZelebis gadawyvetileba.

kidev ramdenime wuTis siarulis Semdeg mivadgebiT mdin-

are dolraze gadebul, xis morebiT agebul kapitalur bogirs.

bogirze gasvlisTanave biliki Sedis tyeSi da iqve aRmovCnde-

biT xis morebiT aSenebul TavSesafarTan. aq biliki iyofa or

Stod – erTi miuyveba md. dolras xeobas da miemarTeba beCos

gadasasvlelisaken. am mimarTulebiT TavSesafaridan oriode

nabijSi aris civi sasmeli wyali. Cveni marSrutis biliki iwyeba

qoxidan da miemarTeba mdinare dolras marTobulad. biliki

Sedis Sereul tyeSi, romelSic Warbobs aryis xe. daaxloebiT

2000 metrze zRvis donidan tyidan gavdivarT qimze, romlis

orive mxares SeiniSneba nazvavi, Segvxvdeba moglejili xeebi.

am monakveTze mTeli tye qimis orive mxares dawolilia. ar

aris gamoricxuli, rom zafxulSic nazvavSi kidev iyos darCe-

nili Tovli (es damokidebulia marSrutis gavlis periodze).

qimze biliki miuyveba balaxovan safars, romelic SigadaSig

icvleba lodnariT. es monakveTi yvelaze didi daxrilobiT

gamoirCeva da erT kilometrze daaxloebiT 450 metri simaRlis

daZleva mogviwevs. qimidan zemoT vxedavT marSrutis erT-erT

mTavar orientirs – CanCqerebis platos, romlisakenac unda

gavagrZeloT moZraoba, xolo qvemoT Cans Cvens mier gavlili

gza _ md. dolra, sof. mazeri da ufro Sors svaneTis qedis

Tovliani mwvervalebi.

qimis TavSi movxvdebiT marcxena patara CanCqeris ZirSi,

saidanac biliki kldovani ferdis gaswvriv mkveTrad uxvevs

marcxniv da daaxloebiT 100 m-Si frontalurad Seuyveba

cicabo Txems. es, daaxloebiT 200- metriani monakveTi yvelaze

daxrilia da balaxiT dafarul qva-RorRian ferdze gadis,

rac moZraobas aferxebs da sifrTxilesac moiTxovs, raTa qva

54


ar davagoroT da Cvens ukan momavals safrTxe ar SevuqmnaT.

am ferdis marjvniv dabali foTlovani tyea, marcxniv wi-

wvovani tye. biliki paralelurad miuyveba foTlovani tyis

zols. marSrutis marcxena mxares, wiwvovan tyeSi, SeiniSneba

ori kldovani konusi. es kargi orientiria, cota qvemoT am

kldeebidan biliki uxvevs marjvniv da Sedis dabal foTlovan

tyeSi, romlis traversis Semdeg moveqceviT marcxena patara

wyalvardnilis Tavze. gadavkveTavT mas da SevdivarT isev da-

bal foTlovan tyeSi. misi gavlis Semdeg vkveTT meore wyal-

vardnilis warmomqmnel nakads. gavdivarT alpur mdeloze da

mcire aRmarTis gavlis Semdeg, mivadgebiT mesame ufro Zlieri

wyalvardnilis warmomqmnel nakads, simaRle 2500 metria. Cven

davinaxeT samive mcire wyalvardnilis sawyisi wertilebi, ma-

gram veRar vxedavT meoTxe, marjvena umZlavres wyalvardnils.

aqedan ukve Cans orTava uSba.

mesame wyalvardnilis gavlis Semdeg mivuyvebiT Txems,

romlis marcxena mxare, rogorc wesi, nazvavi TovliTaa dafa-

ruli. swored am nazvavi TovliT ikvebeba mesame wyalvardnili.

daaxloebiT naxevari saaTis savalze biliki gayveba mZlavri

wyalvardnilis warmomqmneli nakadis marjvena napirs, romelic

uSualod uSbis myinvaridan iRebs saTaves. aqedan gavdivarT

uSbis myinvarze (2700). yinulovani morenis or did lodze Cans

finiSis mauwyebeli yviTeli warwera. qvaze mikrulia liTo-

nis Zveli firfita, romelzec amotvifrulia rusuli leqsi.

marjvena mxares moTqrialebs uSbis myinvaridan gamomavali

mZlavri nakadi. aqedan kargad moCans uSbis myinvari.

Cven moveqeciT kavkasionis damatyvevebeli silamazis

bumberazebs Soris: CrdiloeTidan dagvyurebs Sxeldas 11

mwvervalisagan warmoqmnili kedeli (4390), dasavleTidan – or-

Tava uSbis grandiozuli kldovani masivi (4710 da 4690) da

samxreTidan mazeris pikis (4012) qarafebi.

marSruti Sesrulebulia, mis dasaZlevad dagvWirda 6

saaTi. igive gziT veSvebiT mSvidad da 3 saaTSi CavdivarT

banakSi.

marSrutze mogvixdeba ramdenime adgilze wylis nakadis

gadakveTa. sasurvelia gvecvas samTo fexsacmeli, viqonioT

saTxilamuro joxi da muqi saTvale.

55


marSruti _ Walaadis myinvari (Walaadi)marSruti _ Walaadis myinvari (Walaadi)


marSruts mivyavarT mwverval CaTinis misadgomebTan, Wa-

laadis myinvaris enamde. marSrutis saerTo sigrZe daaxloe-

biT 6 km-ia, maTgan pirveli monakveTi, startidan mestiaWalis

xidamde 4,5 km-ia da 180 metriani doneTa sxvaobiT xasiaTdeba,

meore _ kilometrnaxevriani monakveTis (xididanN finiSamde)

daxriloba 420 m-s aRwevs. marSrutis xangrZlivoba daaxloe-

biT 5-6 saaTia.


daba mestiis centridan saavtomobilo gziT mivyvebiT

mdinare mestiaWalis marcxena napirs. dasaxlebuli punqtis

bolos, gzidan marcxniv SevniSnavT xe-tyis saxerx patara

qarxanas, marjvniv _ funqciadakargul mesaqonleobis fermis

ramdenime nagebobas. erT-erTi wiTlad SeRebili TunuqiTaa

daxuruli. gzis marjvniv, bolo Senobis kedelze yviTeli

saRebviT gakeTebulia warwera – START – 1490, rac marSrutis dasawyiss niSnavs.

gzis gaswvriv, CrdiloeTiT moCans dalayoras kldo-

vani masivi (3430m). mis ZirSi erTdebian mdinareebi mestiaWala

da Walaadi. Cven unda movxvdeT am xeobaTa SesayarTan da

gavagrZeloT svla dasavleTiT Walaadis xeobiT, Walaadis

myinvaramde.

marSruti miyveba saavtomobilo gruntis gzas da daax-

loebiT 15-20 wuTis savalze sof. lavladaSamde niSnulebi

ar gvxvdeba. dalayoras masivamde moZraobas ganvagrZobT isev

gruntis gziT. alag-alag aris miTiTebulia moZraobis mimar-

Tuleba. zRvis donidan 1600m Segvxvdeba niSnuli, aqvea sasmeli

wyali. startidan daaxloebiT me-5 kilometrze 1650m z.d. gzis

marcxniv SevniSnavT mavTulbadeebiTa da qvebiT naSen napir-

damcav zols. am adgilas md. mestiaWalas, romelic leRziris

myinvaridan iRebs saTaves da CrdiloeTidan moedineba, uerT-

deba marjvena Senakadi – md. Walaadi.

am adgilidan Cvens pirdapir Cans: dalayoras ferdobi,

marcxniv siRrmeSi mwverval CaTinis (4370m) fonze _ Walaadis

myinvari, saiTac vagrZelebT moZraobas.

mdinareebis SesarTavidan 200 metriT zemoT gavivliT

xis primitiul Slagbaums da viwro kiduli xidiT gavdivarT

mestiaWalis marjvena napirze (1680m). aqedan CrdiloeTiT mo-

Cans mestiaWalis xeoba da mwvervali uluTauCana. bilikiT

marSruti _ Walaadikartografiuli sqema

57


SevdivarT tyeSi da sul male movxvdebiT mesazRvreebis qoxTan.

tye-tye mivyvebiT biliks, SevdivarT Walaadis xeobaSi da vmoZ-

raobT mdinaris marcxena napirze dinebis sawinaaRmdegod.

xididan 20 wuTis savalSi daaxloebiT 1750 metrze zRvis

donidan Segvxvdeba gzis gasayari. niSnulebis Tanaxmad, Cven

gavyvebiT marcxena Stos, avuvliT qoxis nangrevebs da arynars.

aq zRvis donidan 1800m marSruti gadis qva-RorRian adgilze.

amis Semdeg niSnulebi datanilia lodebze. aqedan kargad Cans

mwvervali CaTini, romlis samxreT ferdobebzec yalibdeba

Walaadis myinvari. unda aRiniSnos, rom CaTinis CrdiloeTi

kedeli, romelic alpinistur literaturaSi CaTinis rombis

saxeliTaa cnobili, iTvleba kavkasionis urTules alpinis-

tur obieqtad _ aq Zveli, komunisturi drois klasifikaciiT

umaRlesi me-5 da me-6 kategoriiis TxuTmetamde alpinisturi

marSruti iyo gakvaluli.

Cven vagrZelebT moZraobas CaTinis mimarTulebiT da

1920m zRvis donidan gavdivarT finiSze. aqedan Cans Walaadis

yinulvardnili da gletCeruli Camonatani, saidanac saTaves

iRebs md. Walaadi.

es marSruti ar gamoirCeva didi daxrilobiT da amde-

nad profilis ganxilvas ar saWiroebs. amitom

TiTqmis yvela fizikurad moumzadebel turistsac SeuZlia

misi daZleva da kavkasionis metad gamorCeuli mwvervalis

CaTinis xilva.

58


marSruti – tviberis gadasasvlelis marSruti – tviberis gadasasvlelis

misadgomebi (misadgomebi (tviberi)tviberi)


marSruti miyveba mdinare tviberis xeobas sofel Ja-

beSidan (mdinareebis tviberisa da caneris SesarTavidan)

CrdiloeTiT da gadis yviTlodisa da tviberis myinvarebamde.

marSrutis sigrZe daaxloebiT 5,5 km-ia, doneTa sxvaoba 730 m,

xangrZlivoba – 6-7 saaTi.


marSruti iwyeba mulaxis Temis bolo sofel JabeSSi,

md.Mmulxuras xididan, romelic mdebareobs mdinareebis tvi-

berisa da waneris SesarTavidan 300 metriT qvemoT. am mdina-

reebis SeerTebis Semdeg mdinares mulxura ewodeba. xidTan,

gzis marcxniv 1580m-ze zRvis donidan did qvaze yviTeli

saRebaviT aRniSnulia startis maCvenebeli niSnuli. aqedan

mdinare tviberis marcxena napirze, waneris myinvaruli masivis

fonze Cans uqonguro koSki. mivyvebiT samarxilo gzas. gavu-

vliT SiferiT daxurul gandgomilad mdgar sacxovrebel

saxls da md.tviberis marjvena napiriT SevdivarT karielis

viwro xeobaSi. 1620 m-ze zRvis donidan did lodze Segvxvdeba

niSani, rac karibWis maCvenebelia. aq adre qvebiT naSenebi ori

didi safortifikacio nageboba yofila aRmarTuli. amJamad

isini funqciadakarguli da dangreulia, Tumca kargad Sein-

iSneba maTi kvali. svanurma zepirsityvierebam da legendebma

am karibWeebTan dakavSirebuli mravali sagmiro siuJeti

Semogvinaxa.

pirveli karibWis gavlis Semdeg biliki orad iyofa, erTi

uxvevs dasavleTiT da adis mTaSi, meore – Cveni marSrutis

biliki – miyveba md.tvibers da gezs iRebs CrdiloeTisaken.

amis Semdeg biliki Reles gadakveTs, iqve buCqnarSi Segvxvdeba

sasmeli wyali. marSruti miyveba Smagi mdinare tviberis na-

pirs. gzadagza bilikis marcxniv gvxvdeba Jolosa da mocvis

masivebi. 1800 m-ze gavuvliT waqceuli fiWvis morze gakeTebul

firniSs yviTeli klaknili gamosaxulebiT. am adgilebidan

gavlili gzis mimarTulebiT gamoCndeba sofeli JabeSi, saida-

nac Cven marSruti daviwyeT.

startidan daaxloebiT erTi saaTis savalze mivadgebiT

meore, gare karibWes, razedac karibWis nangrevebze amosul xeze

marSruti _ tviberikartografiuli sqema da hifsometriuli profili

60


damagrebuli firniSi migvaniSnebs. ukan dagvrCa karielis xeo-

bis fiWvnari. aqedan iwyeba Sereuli tye da rododendronebis

(dekas) buCqnari.

male Segvxvdeba giganturi lodebis nangrevebiT warmo-

qmnili ori gamoqvabuli da kldeze damagrebuli bareliefi.

aqve axlos nazvav Tovlze gavliT (sezonis mixedviT) mi-

vadgebiT kldes, saidanac gadmosCqefs CanCqeri. am adgilebSi,

romelsac adgilobrivebi maSelanis kldes uwodeben, biliki

gadis mocxaris buCqnarze. gvxvdeba mJauna da kuci, aryisa da

kedaris Sereuli tye. biliks gavyavarT maSelanis vakeze, sadac

Segvxvdeba sasmeli wyali. aqedan niSnulebi dasmulia bilikis

marcxena mxares. daaxloebiT 1920 m-ze zRvis donidan gavuvliT

kidev erT CanCqers, romlisTvisac fsevdo-egzotikuri saxeli

SeurqmeviaT – “daRlili qalis cremlebi”. aqedan gavdivarT

ialaRebze da davinaxavT Senobas, romelic adre tviberisa da

yviTlodis uReltexilebze gadmosuli turistebis TavSesa-

fars warmoadgenda. aqedan moCans: CrdiloeTiT ToTi, kldo-

vani mTa luxvili, xolo samxreTiT _ tviberis qedi JabeSis

saTibebiTa da dekas masivebiT. amis Semdeg gavdivarT nazvavze

lakaias ReleSi, biliki Sedis arynar tyesa da buCqnarSi, veSve-

biT mdinaris kalapotisaken. es monakveTi damreci da rTulia.

bilikis marjvniv did lodze Segvxvdeba niSnuli, rac nazvavze

gadasvlas migvaniSnebs. aqedan marSrutis ZiriTadi orientiria

diebaCis kldovani masivi. masTan misvlamde aryis tyes marjvniv

movitovebT. nazvavidan amosvlis Semdeg (2160) bilikidan mar-

jvniv aryis xeebze damagrebulia niSnulebi. Semdegi niSnuli

dasmulia bilikis marjvniv monadireTa gamoqvabulebTan die-

baCis Tavze (2290). aqedan Cans: aRmosavleTiT _ yviTlodis

myinvari da mwvervali tixtingeni (4618); mis marjvniv _ semis

gadasasvleli, romelic mdinare waneris xeobaSi gadadis;

pirdapir _ mwvervali ToTi da tviberis yinulvardnili.

aqedan gavdivarT Tovlian ferdobze da daaxloebiT 500m.

gavlis Semdeg SevdivarT qva-RorRian adgilze, sadac mineral-

uri wylebis marjvena mxares did lodze moniSnulia finiSis

mauwyebeli simbolo da simaRle zRvis donidan – 2310 m. Cvens

pirdarpir tviberis yinulvardnilia.

me-XX saukunis dasawyisSi am adgilas ikribeboda Crdi-

loeTis cirkis myinvarebi (seri, tviberi, ToTi, baSili, Zinala)

da aRmosavleTidan momavali yviTlodis myinvari. es Tovl-

yinulovani sistema saqarTveloSi yvelaze mZlavr erTian gamy-

invarebul zonas qmnida. gasuli saukunis manZilze myinvarebma

SesamCnevi degradacia ganicades – isini maRla mTebisaken

61


iweven. Sedegad seris myinvarma dakarga aqtiuri kontaqti tvib-

erTan – maTi SeerTebis adgili morenuli masiTaa amovsebuli.

msgavsi suraTia tviberisa da Zinalis myinvarebis SesarTavTan.

yviTlodis myinvari 700-800 metriT daSorda tvibers da a.S.

samwuxarod, myinvarebis dispergirebis procesi grZeldeba.

Cven Tvalwin, kavkasionis grandiozuli panorama iSleba.

aq CrdiloeTidan wyalgamyofi qedis daaxloebiT 12 km-an mon-

akveTze aTamde uReltexilia (lexziri, baSili, lasxodari,

tviberi, yviTlodi da sxva). maTze gamavali sacalfexo bilike-

bi md.tviberis auzSi iyrian Tavs da erTaderTi gasasvleliT

– karielis viwro xeobiT ukavSirdebian mulaxs.

62


marSruti – mwverval Sxaras marSruti – mwverval Sxaras

misadgomebi (Sxara)misadgomebi (Sxara)


marSruti iwyeba zemo svaneTis yvelaze maRla mdebare

da ukiduresad dacilebul uSgulis Temis sofel JibianSi.

marSruti saSualebas iZleva gavecnoT rogorc uSgulis Temis

unikalur arqiteqturul da sakulto Zeglebs, ise mis mkacr da

lamaz garemos uSgulidan mdinare enguris saTavemde, romelic

Sxaras myinvaridan gamodis. marSrutis sigrZe daaxloebiT 9

km-ia, doneTa sxvaoba 300 m. xangrZlivoba 6-7 saaTi.


marSruti iwyeba uSgulis Temis sofel JibianSi 2080

m-ze zRvis donidan. soflis TavSi gorakze dgas svaneTis

erT-erTi mTavari salocavi _ lamaria, romlis teritoriazec

ganTavsebulia wminda giorgis eklesia. am gorakis ferdze

kidura koSkian svanur saxlTan iwyeba marSruti (gakeTebu-

lia startis maniSnebeli niSani), aTi wuTis savalze, ferdze

daSvebis Semdeg xidiT (2060 m. zRvis donidan) gadavdivarT

mdinare enguris marjvena napirze da ganvagrZobT moZraobas

dinebis sawinaaRmdegod Crdilo-aRmosavleTis mimarTulebiT.

marSrutis pirveli, Svidkilometriani monakveTi miyveba gzas,

romelic, rogorc svaneTis sxva gzebi, metad cud mdgomareo-

baSia, magram mainc gamoiyeneba traqtoriT an marxiliT mTidan

Tivis Camosatanad da amdenad kargad Cans. mTeli marSruti

moniSnulia yviTeli saRebaviT Sesrulebuli isrebiT, ZiriTa-

dad did qvebsa da lodebze.

xidTan axlos gadavkveTT wylis patara nakaduls – en-

guris pirvel marjvena Senakads, romelsac adgilobrivebi

naTkarvaSis tvibs anu Reles eZaxian. marSrutis dasawyisidan

daaxloebiT naxevari saaTis savalze gadavkveTT meore patara

Senakads – ladgimis Reles. aqedan kargad imzireba ulamazesi

Sxara (5150). wina planze moCans Tovl-kldovani mTa, romlis

ferdobebzec, TiTqmis mwvane zolamde, ori nazvavi nakadi

Camoedineba (sezonis mixedviT). marjvniv Cans namyvamis myin-

varuli plato, xolo marcxniv _ Sxaras kedeli myinvariTurT.

es peizaJi kargi orientiria Cveni moZraobisaTvis, radgan igi

TiTqmis mTel marSrutze Cans. Cven vmoZraobT am mimarTulebiT

da miznad visaxavT Sxaras myinvaris ZirSi moxvedras.

2100 metris simaRleze engurs uerTdeba kidev erTi, ufro

mZlavri nakadi – fayvlaSi, romlis napirebic daWaobebulia.

marSruti _ Sxarakartografiuli sqema da hifsometriuli profili

64


startidan 50 wuTis savalze enguris gaRma SevniSnavT patara

tbas. aqedan 10 wuTis savalze gadavkveTT patara nakads.

Semdeg gza orad iyofa – erTi adis maRla saTibebSi, meore

– Cveni marSrutia da isev enguris marjvena napirs miyveba. amis

Semdeg gvxvdeba giganturi lodi da qveda da zeda lalxora-

Sis Releebi. am adgilis gaswvriv enguris marcxena napirze

SeamCnevT did lodnars da iqve mwyemsebis nabanakars.

2300 m-ze mdinare engurs marcxena Senakadi uerTdeba. igi

saTaves iRebs namyvamis myinvaridan. Cveni biliki kvlav engurs

miyveba, 10 wuTis savalis Semdeg tyeSi Sedis da lodnars

miadgeba. marSrutis es monakveTi calkeul adgilebSi qva-

RorRiania, balaxiTaa dafaruli da moZraobisas sifrTxiles

moiTxovs qvebze dacurebis Tavidan asacileblad. kidev oci

wuTi da lodnaris TavSi 2390 m-ze zRvis donidan marSrutis

bolo monakveTi gamoCndeba. Cven mivadgebiT enguris saTaves.

Sxaras mTian masivSi sami myinvaruli nakadi warmoiqmneba,

romlebic erTdebian 3000 m-ze zRvis donidan da qmnian Sxaras

myinvars. myinvaris qveda nawili morenebiTaa dafaruli. mis

boloSi xmauriT gamosCqefs mdinare enguri.

gzis calkeul monakveTebze wyalSi gatopva mogviwevs,

amitom sasurvelia viqonioT saTanado fexsacmeli.

65


sacxenosno marSruti sacxenosno marSruti

JabeSi – uSguliJabeSi – uSguli


sacxenosno marSruti iwyeba mulaxis Temis sofel JabeSSi,

miemarTeba samxreTiT, gadakveTs mdinareebis _ mulxurasa da

adiSiswyalis wyalgamyof mTaTa sistemas, Cadis sof.adiSSi;

iqedan soflebis - xaldesa da ifralis gavliT gadadis md. en-

guris xeobaSi da mTavrdeba uSgulSi. marSruti samdRiania da

iTvaliswinebs RamisTevas sof.adiSSi da ifralSi. marSrutis

sigrZe daaxloebiT 38-40 km-ia. igi or uReltexilze gadis da

amdenad xasiaTdeba cvalebadi hifsometriiT - maqsimaluri

simaRle 2700 metria, minimaluri–1690 m.

1. JabeSi – adiSis monakveTi

marSruti iwyeba sofel JabeSSi mineralur wyarosTan,

sadac qvaze dasmulia marSruti gadis samxreT-

dasavleTiT da miyveba sameurneo gzas. marSrutis dasawyisidan

daaxloebiT 500 metrSi Segvxvdeba fiqalze dasmuli niSani

da xelmarjvniv laRvis wm.giorgis eklesia.

daaxloebiT 2050 m-ze zRvis donidan iwyeba dekas masivebi,

aqvea sasmeli wyali. SevdivarT arynarisa da dekas buCqnaris

Sereul tyeSi. aqedan CrdiloeTiT davyurebT sof.JabeSsa da

tviberis xeobas, Crdilo-dasavleTiT mulxuras xeobaSi bangu-

rianis mTis ZirSi moCans mulaxis Temis soflebi _ laxiri da

WolaSi; aRmosavleTiT Cvens pirdapir aRmarTulia mwverval

TeTnuldis Tovliani konusi (4860). moZraobas ganvagrZobT

isev samarxile gziT. gavivliT wiwvovani da Sereuli tyis ma-

sivs. erTi saaTis mgzavrobis Semdeg Segvxvdeba gzis gasayari.

aq dekis buCqnarSi aryis xeze damagrebulia niSnuli isris

gamosaxulebiT, romlis Tanaxmadac vmoZraobT aRmosavleTis

mimarTulebiT, aqedan CrdiloeTiT Cans bangurianis samxreTi

kedeli, komsomolskaias piki, marcxniv _ uSbis masivi, Crdilo-

aRmosavleTiT _ waneri-tviberis wyalgamyofi qedi.

marSruti miuyveba aRmosavleTiT qed-qed alpur zonas.

simaRle matulobs da ukve vmoZraobT 2700 m. maxloblobaSi

zagarze, anu zeganze. aqedan gadavyurebT md. enguris xeobas,

dasavleTiT Sors Canan sofeli wvirmi, uRviris uReltexili,

zuruldis qedi, xolo aRmosavleTiT TeTnuldis Tovliani

wveri. zeganze gvxvdeba gzagasayari. aRmosavleTis biliki isev

zegans miuyveba, marjvena, samxreTiT dabla eSveba. es Cveni gzaa,

marSruti _ JabeSi-uSguli kartografiuli sqema

marSruti _ JabeSi-uSgulihifsometriuli profili

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razedac niSnulic migviTiTebs. male vkargavT simaRles da

or kilometrSi 2350 metramde veSvebiT, sadac isev gzis gas-

ayari gvxvdeba. xelmarjvniv biliki mesaqonleobis fermebisken

midis, romelTac Cven ramdenime aseul metrSi vxedavT. meore,

Cveni Sto, dabla eSveba. xelmarcxniv saTibebia da male sof.

adiSic gamoCndeba. gavdivarT ReleSi da SevdivarT adiSSi,

sadac cxenebi unda davasvenoT da Rame gavaTioT.

JabeSidan adiSamde cxeniT dinji tempiT 5-6 saaTis sava-

lia.

2. adiSi-ifralis monakveTi

marSruti iwyeba sofel adiSis TavSi md.adiSisWalis

marjvena Senakadze gadasasvlel bogirTan (2030). bogiris

marcxniv Zvel koSkze dasmulia maCvenebeli isari. bogiri-

dan xelmarcxniv wylis Zveli wisqvilia. marSruti miyveba

md.adiSisWalis marjvena napirs.

aqedan naxevari saaTis savalze gadavdivarT Releze,

bilikidan xelmarcxniv davinaxavT CaneSis wminda giorgis

eklesias da koSkis nangrevebs. aqedan daaxloebiT 200 metrSi

biliki gadis nazvavze, niSnulebi datanilia mdeloSi arsebul

qvebze. isev SeuyvebiT mdinaris marjvena napirs da startidan

daaxloebiT 1 saaTis savalze davinaxavT lardaadis myinvars,

romelsac adgilobrivebi adiSis myinvaradac moixsenieben. es

myinvari TeTnuldi-adiSis mTiani masivis samxreT kalTebze

formirdeba da 2400 metramde Camodis. aqedan iRebs saTaves

md.adiSisWala. swored am adgilis maxloblad gadavkveTT

mdinares da SevuyvebiT cicabo ferds, romelic Sereuli tyi-

Taa dafaruli. biliks Cxutnieris gadasasvlelisaken (2720)

mivyavarT. es uReltexili mdinareebis _ adiSisWalisa da

xaldesWalis wyalgamyof gvaldis qedze gadadis. es monakveTi

rTulia da xSir SemTxvevaSi cxenidan CamoqveiTeba mogvixdeba.

bilikze moedineba patara Rele, rac damatebiT sirTules gvi-

qmnis. Cxutnieridan kargad Cans Cvens mier adiSidan gamovlili

gza. uReltexilidan qed-qed veSvebiT md.xaldesWalis auzSi.

2400 m-ze Segvxvdeba gzis gasayari. erTi biliki aRmosavleTiT

midis, meore – samxreTiT. aq dasmuli niSnuli migviTiTebs, rom

unda gavyveT xelmarjvniv, samxreTiT mimaval biliks. qvemoT

moCans fermerTa sazafxulo qoxebi. 2200 m-mde daSvebis Semdeg

miuaxlovdebiT md.xaldesWalis kalapots da daveSvebiT mdi-

naris marjvena napiris gaswvriv sof.xaldemde (1900). gzad

Segvxvdeba grZeli wyalvardnili.

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xalde tragikuli istoriiT gamoirCeva. igi cnobilia,

rogorc mefis ruseTis winaaRmdeg amboxebis moTave. am soflis

mosaxleobam sruli daumorCilebloba gamoucxada dampyro-

blebs, bolomde ibrZola, ris safasuradac sofeli Tavis koSke-

bianad pirwmindad gaanadgures. sofeli mas Semdeg welSi veRar

gaimarTa da aq mxolod zafxulobiT adis ramdenime ojaxi.

xaldes gmirebs svanebi dResac didi pativiT moixsenieben, maTze

Seqmnilia SesaniSnavi simRera _ ferxuli “gau-gavxe”.

xaldedan kvlav mdinaris marjvena napiriT veSvebiT sof.

ifralamde, sadac Cveni marSrutis II etapi mTavrdeba.

Cven ukve vimyofebiT mdinare enguris xeobaSi, kalis TemSi.

aqedan samxreTiT moCans svaneTis qedi, romelic md.engurisa

da cxeniswylis auzebis wyalgamyofia. am monakveTze muSuris

uReltexiliT SeiZleba cxeniswylis xeobaSi anu qvemo svaneTSi,

lentexis raionSi gadasvla.

Cvens pirdapir, dasavleTiT, enguris gaRma daaxloebiT

1,5 km moCans svaneTis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi salocavi

– wminda kvirikes eklesia. Tu Tqven kidev SegrCaT Zalebi,

SeiZleba moinaxuloT es Zeglic.

manZils adiSidan ifralamde 5-6 saaTis ganmavlobaSi

davfaravT.

3. ifrali-uSgulis monakveTi

marSrutis mesame monakveTi iwyeba sof. ifralidan 1890

m-ze zRvis donidan. firniSi uCa margvlianis saxlTan aris

dasmuli. aqedan CamovdivarT sof.lalxorSi, saavtomobilo

gziT vmoZraobT enguris dinebis sawinaaRmdegod da Zalian

male, SevdivarT sof.davberSi, saidanac mivuyvebiT samarxilo

gzas. 2000 m-ze Segvxvdeba gzis gasayari, marjvena _ saavto-

mobilo gzaze Cadis, marcxena – ferds miuyveba. dasmuli niS-

nuli migvaniSnebs, rom unda gavyveT marcxena ganStoebas. Cven

mivyvebiT tyian klaknil ferds da vmoZraobT 2000-2200 metr

simaRleTa intervalSi. aqedan daaxloebiT sam kilometrSi,

Segvxvdeba wyaro. wyarodan 200 metrSi gza isev orad iyofa

– marcxena adis mTaSi, marjvena aRmosavleTiT ferdze gadis,

saiTkenac niSnulic miuTiTebs. amis Semdeg biliki gadakveTs

Reles, aryis xeebis “derefanSi”. aq saWiroa yuradReba, raTa

mxedari xis totebma ar daazianos.

200-300 metris gavlis Semdeg Segvxvdeba gzajvaredini. Cven

xelmarjvniv gavuxvevT. aqve xelmarjvniv SevniSnavT mexdace-

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mul naxevrad xmel fiWvis xes. susti TavdaRmarTiT veSvebiT

mdinare enguris napirisaken. aq simaRle 2050 m. zRvis donidan

did lodze dasmulia marSrutis dasasrulis niSnuli. erT

kilometrSi uSgulis Temia, romelic oTx sofels (murymeli,

CaJaSi, Cvibiani da Jibiani) aerTianebs.

ifralidan 4-5 saaTis mgzavrobis Semdeg Cven win gamoCnde-

ba saocari sanaxaoba –aRmovCndebiT uSgulis Suasaukunovani

koSkebis samyaroSi.

zogadi cnobebi saqarTvelos mTianeTis Sesaxeb

jumber xanTaZe .....................................................................................................................3

saojaxo turizmis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi

zemo svaneTSi

domenti gabunia ...................................................................................................................6

svaneTis istoriul-kulturuli memkvidreobis

zogierTi aspeqti

vaxtang filfani ..................................................................................................................11

sacxovrebeli saxlebis adaptacia turistuli

sastumroebis da gesthauzebis mosawyobad

levan lorTqifaniZe ........................................................................................................17

turistebis momsaxurebis danaxarjebis gaTvlebi

rusudan ruxaZe ....................................................................................................................21

rekomendaciebi ojaxuri sastumros diasaxlisebisaTvis

nana gvelebiani .....................................................................................................................27

rCevebi turistebis avtotransportiT momsaxure

mZRolebisaTvis

givi qarTveliSvili .........................................................................................................30

rCevebi samTo-turistis gamyolisaTvis


turizmi da ekologia

nato kirvaliZe .....................................................................................................................38

saojaxo sastumroSi turistebis kvebis Tavisebureba


zemo svaneTis zogierTi turistuli marSrutis

aRweriloba ..........................................................................................................................48

mestia .............................................................................................................................................50

marSruti “monadireTa nabinavari uSbis myinvarze” (uSba) ...............................51

marSruti “Walaadis myinvari” (Walaadi) ...................................................................55

marSruti “tviberis gadasasvlelis misadgomebi” (tviberi) ............................58

marSruti “mw. Sxaras misadgomebi” (Sxara) ...............................................................62

sacxenosno marSruti “JabeSi-uSguli” ........................................................................65

sarCevisarCevi

CONTENTSCONTENTS

Common data about the highlands of Georgia Jumber Khantadze ..................................................................................................................................3

Prospect of family tourism development in higher SvanetiDomenti Gabunia ....................................................................................................................................6

Some issues on historical-cultural heritage of SvanetiVakhtang Pilpani .......................................................................................................................................11

Transformation of dwelling houses into tourist hotels and guesthousesLevan Lortkipanidze .............................................................................................................................17

Calculations of tourist service expendituresRusudan Rukhadze ..................................................................................................................................21

Advices to hostessNana Gvelebiani ......................................................................................................................................27

Advices to tourists attending driversGivi Kartvelishvili ...................................................................................................................................30

Advices to highland tour guidesGivi Kartvelishvili ...................................................................................................................................32

Tourizm and ecologyNato Kirvalidze ......................................................................................................................................38

Peculiarities of meals in family hotelsGivi Kartvelishvili ...................................................................................................................................42

Description of some tourist routs of Svaneti ...................................................................48

Mestia ..........................................................................................................................................................50

Route “Hunters` Shelter on Ushba Glacier” (Ushba) .............................................................51Route “Chalaadi Glacier” (Chalaadi) .............................................................................................55Route “Approaches to Tviberi Passage” (Tviberi) ..................................................................58Route “Approaches to Shkhara Peak” (Shkhara) .....................................................................62

Horse route “Zhabeshi-Ushguli” .......................................................................................................65

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