saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis pirveli sruli...
Transcript of saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis pirveli sruli...
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istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori
giuli alasania
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori
vaxtang goilaZe
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis
pirveli sruli gamokvleva
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos manglis-walkis eparqia
2000
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saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida sinodis wevris
mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis mravaltomiani monografia “saqarTvelos
samociqulo eklesiis istoria” gamoqveynebis Tanave gadaiqca umaRlesi
saswavleblebis pedagogebisa da studentebisaTvis eklesiis istoriis
saxelmZRvanelo wignad.
uwmidesisa da unetaresis sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis
ilia II-is locva kurTxeviT 1998 wlis “saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendarSi”
gamoqveynda aRniSnuli monografiis mokle redaqcia, romelic ivane
javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriisa da eTnografiis samecniero sabWos mier
gadatanili iqna sadisertaciod.
qvemdebare wignSi warmodgenilia Cveni cnobili sazogado moRvaweebisa
da mecnierebis mier gamoTqmuli recenziebi da sityvebi aRniSnuli disertaciis
dacvisas, romelsac Tan erTvis universitetidan da institutebidan miRebuli
gamoxmaurebani.
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S i n a a r s i
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori giuli alasanias recenzia anania jafariZis disertaciaze “saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria Sua saukuneebSi (XII-XVIII ss.)” ................................................................................................................ 5 mTavarepiskopos Aananias pasuxi oficialur oponents qalbaton giuli alasanias ............................................................................................................................................................. 14
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtor vaxtang goilaZis recenzia ...................................... 26 pasuxi oficialur oponents baton vaxtang goilaZes ..............................................................43
ist. mecn. doqtor valerian maWaraZis sityva ............................................................... 44
ist. mecn. doqtor ilia tabaRua sityva .................................................................... 44
morwmune qalbatonis sityva .................................................................................................................... 45
profesor revaz baramiZe sityva .................................................................................. 46 kinoreJisor revaz CxeiZe sityva .......................................................................................... 46
akademikosi mariam lorTqifaniZis sityva ................................................................................. 48
istoriis mecn. doqtor marine CxartiSvilis sityva .................................................. 49
mTavarepiskopos meufe Tadeozis sityva......................................................................................... 50
ist. mecn. doqtor iakob axuaSvilis sityva: ................................................................. 52
docent rusudan wiqvaZis sityva .......................................................................... 52 ist. mecn. doqtor fridon sixaruliZis sityva .................................................................... 53 ist. mecn. kand. deniza sumbaZis sityva ................................................................... 54 mweral ciala ardaSelias sityva ..............................................................................55 akademikos daviT musxeliSvili sityva .............................................................................55 iRumen mama Sios sityva ..................................................................................................... 56
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Tbilisis sulxan-saba orbelianis pedinstitutis istoriis fakultetis docent s. vardosaniZis da kaTedris gamge, prof. sv. gamsaxurdias daskvna ........................................................................................... 57 a.jafariZis pasuxi wamyvan organizacias ............................................................................. 59 Tsu profesor filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtor z. kiknaZis gamoxmaureba .................................................. 61 quTaisis saxelmwifo universitetis saq. istoriis kaTedris gamgis ist. mecn. doqtor prof. g. mWedliZis gamoxmaureba ....................... 64 Tbilisis pedinstitutis qristianuli kulturis istoriis kaTedris gamgis prof. lela xaCiZis da kaTedris ufrosi maswavleblis T. koWlamazaSvilis gamoxmaureba ......................................... 65 saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis kaTedris gamgis prof. n. xazaraZis recenzia .............................................................................................................................................. 68 Tsu religiaTmcodneobis da eTikis kaTedris docentis r. wiqvaZisa da kaTedris gamgis prof. T. fanjikiZis gamoxmaureba ................................................................ 71 Tsu kulturis istoriisa da Teoriis kaTedris gamgis prof. ist. mecn. doqtor qeTevan pavliaSvili recenzia ............................................. 74 goris ekonomikur-humanitaruli institutis kaTedris gamge, prof. el. mamisTvaliSvilis da docent v. kiknaZis gamoxmaureba ........................ 76 saq. mecn. akademiis istoriisa da EeTnografiis institutis mecn. TanamSromlis e. kaWaravas daskvna ...................................................................... 78
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istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori giuli alasanias recenzia
anania jafariZis disertaciaze
“saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria Sua saukuneebSi (XII-XVIII ss.)”
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria iseve, rogorc saqarTvelos istoria,
gadarCenisTvis mudmivi brZolaa. CamonaTvalSi “ena, mamuli, sarwmunoeba”,
romelic qarTvel xalxs gadarCenis ZiriTad pirobad miuCnevia, Tanmimdevrobis
cvlisas xSirad pirvel adgilze sarwmunoebas wamoswevda xolme, vinaidan eris
konsolidaciis saqmeSi eklesia xSir SemTxvevaSi ufro mniSvnelovan rols
asrulebda, vidre saero xelisufleba. marTlmadidebloba da eklesia
saukuneebis manZilze iyo is ZiriTadi RerZi, is xerxemali, romelzedac iyo
daSenebuli erovnuli cnobiereba.
qarTuli erovnuli cnobierebis sicocxlis unarianoba, romlis mizezebis
kvlevasac eZRvneba dRes sapaeqrod warmodgenili gamokvleva, swored
saqarTvelos eklesiis sicocxlisunarianobiT iyo gamowveuli. aseTia naSromis
ZiriTadi Tezisi, romelsac avtori mravali argumentiT da Zalze
damajereblad asabuTebs.
ukanasknel wlebSi eklesiis istoriisadmi interesis miuxedavad
gansaxilveli naSromi saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis Sesaxeb pirveli
sruli gamokvlevaa. pirvelia naSromi im TvalsazrisiTac, rom didi xnis
Semdeg eklesiaze mecnierul gamokvlevas qmnis sasuliero piri
marTlmadidebluri xedviT, gansxvavebuli gancdiT. es aris eklesiis warsuli
da dRevandeloba, danaxuli Signidan, organuli codniT, rogorc avtori
aRniSnavs, “marTlmadidebluri TvalTaxedviT dawerili istoria” (gv. 13).
amgvarad, es qarTul istoriografiaSi im sisxlis gadasxmas hgavs,
romelic drodadro aucilebelia jansaRi organizmis SesanarCuneblad.
warmodgenili disertaciis ramdenime ZiriTadi mizani aris:
1) daubrunos saqarTvelos moqalaqes qristes rwmena da ganamtkicos mrevli
am rwmenaSi;
2) gauRvivos mkiTxvels siamayis grZnoba qveynis da eris Rirseuli warsuli
gamo;
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3) aRadginos saqarTvelos warsulis obieqturi da sruli suraTi da am fonze
warmoaCinos eklesiis istoria da misi mniSvneloba qveynis da eris warsulsa
da awmyoSi.
Tavidanve SeiZleba iTqvas, rom pirveli ori mizani savsebiT miRweulia.
rac Seexeba mesames, Cemi dRevandeli mdgomareoba maiZulebs masze ufro
detalurad SevCerde da es movaleoba friad sasiamovnod da sapatiod mimaCnia.
Temis farglebSi, rogorc problemis dasmis TvalsazrisiT, aseve misi
SinaarsiT mniSvnelovnad scildeba sakandidato disertaciis amocanebs da
moTxovnebs, xolo misi avtori ueWvelad imsaxurebs Ziebul samecniero xarisxs.
saqarTvelos eklesiis warsulis Seswavla avtors imTaviTve farTod
dausaxavs. wignSi qveynis politikuri, socialuri, ekonomikuri da kulturuli
cxovreba ise organulad aris Serwymuli eklesiis istoriasTan da ise
msWvalavs mTel naSroms, rom xSirad Znelia imis gansazRvra, romelia
avtorisaTvis ufro mniSvnelovani. saqarTvelos da met-naklebad masTan
urTierTobaSi myofi qveynebis istoriis monumentur tiloze warmodgenili
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis konteqstSia danaxuli. amdenad naSromi
mniSvnelovani SenaZenia aramarto saqarTvelos warsulis, aramed masTan
urTierTobaSi myofi qveynebis, zogadad religiisa da, kerZod,
marTlmadideblobis istoriis TvalsazrisiT, mdidari problematikiT
warmodgenili saqarTvelos istoria da wyaroTmcodneoba, romelic wignis
meore plans qmnis, aranakleb saintereso da aranakleb mniSvnelovania.
dRes, rodesac eklesias kvlav daubrunda is mniSvnelovani funqcia,
romelic mas istoriulad mudam hqonda qarTveli xalxis warsulSi,
dRevandeli disertaciis dacvis mniSvneloba Zalze didia. TviT naSromis done
uTuod gazrdis eklesiis da samRvdeloebis avtoritets, xels Seuwyobs
sazogadoebis konsolidacias da yovelive es mniSvnelovan wvlils Seitans
eris sulier amaRlebasa da gadarCenaSi.
warmodgenil naSromSi avtors Zalze bevr sakiTxze mouxdeba msjeloba,
maT Soris sakamaTosa da dadgenilze. igi rTulia kompoziciurad,
Sinaarsobrivad da, miuxedavad imisa, rom kargi eniT aris dawerili, Zneli
aRsaqmelia. wignis mniSneloba rTuli amocanis winaSe ayenebda ara marto
avtors, aramed mis mkiTxvelsac, romlisganac saTanado momzadebas moiTxovs.
wigni rTuli wasakiTxia emociurad. vinaidan Cvens winaSea saqarTvelos da
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qarTveli eris mTeli warsuli da awmyo, warmatebebi da ukusvlebi,
damoukideblobis, siZlieris da gareSe Zalis damorCilebis wlebi da yovelive
amis fonze eris Camoyalibebis uwyveti procesi. gacocxlebulia da
warmodgenilia konkretul pirovnebaTa portretebi maTi dadebiTi da
uaryofiTi mxareebiT, eklesiis da saero xelisuflebis rTuli urTierToba
sxvadasxva xanaSi, gare samyarosTan Sexvedrebi, omebis da mSvidobis istoria,
maTi mniSvneloba da yvelaferi es erTis amosunTqviT, erTi gancdiT aris
dawerili. Tumca aseTi naSromi, cxadia, erTbaSad ar iwereba, aseTi naSromi
mTeli cxovrebis nafiqria. mkvlevari kargad icnobs Sesabamis werilobiT
wyaroebs, rasac amdidrebs TviTmxilvelTa monacemebiT, xolo zogierT
SemTxvevaSi TviTon gvevlineba TviTmxilvelis rolSi. es faqti zrdis
gamokvlevis xarisxs da mniSvnelobas. amasTanave mTeli naSromi dawerilia
samecniero literaturis codniT da didi pativiscemiT winamorbed mkvlevarTa
mimarT. magram winamorbedebTan kamaTi ar Seadgens naSromis mizans. misi mizani
ufro avtoris mosazrebebis dasabuTebaa, romelic aramarto Tanabrad erkveva
istoriul da wyaroTmcodneobiT problematikaSi, aramed TviTon aris
profesionali istorikosi da wyaroTmcodne.
SeuZlebelia gamokvlevaSi ganxilul sakiTxTa ubralo CamoTvlac ki,
SevCerdebi mxolod zogierTze da amasTanave aRvniSnav maT zogierT xarvezs.
Cemi erT-erTi ZiriTadi SeniSvna exeba gamokvlevis teqnikur mxares,
romelsac Zalze didi datvirTva aqvs samecniero naSromSi. es aris sqolioebis
ar arseboba. Tumca literaturis damowmeba xSirad ukve TavisTavad argumentia.
am sakmaod mZime SeniSvnas erTgvarad arbilebs is, rom istoriis
ganswavluloba kargad Cans, magram gamokvlevis am Taviseburebis gamo
yovelTvis ar xerxdeba Sejereba.
gamokvlevebis konkretuli sakiTxebi Serwymulia Teoriul problemebTan.
avtori msjelobs imaze, Tu ra aris qristianuli eklesiis istoria, rogorc
disciplina, asaxelebs mis wyaroebs, gansazRvravs Tavis amocanebs. sagangebod
Cerdeba jer msoflio istoriis, xolo Semdeg qarTuli eklesiis istoriis
periodizaciaze. periodizaciis SemuSavebisas ar aris daculi erTiani principi.
aq amosavali xan istoriuli movlenaa (mag., mefobis gauqmeba), xan movlena
sakuTriv eklesiis cxovrebaSi (mag., avtokefaliis gauqmeba an aRdgena). MmTlad
misaRebi ar aris, ratom aris miCneuli oqros xanis dasasrulad XIV s. damdegi,
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Tu saqarTvelo ukve me-13 s. 20-iani wlebidan zedized ganicdis xan monRolTa,
xan xorezSahTa Tavdasxmebs, eqceva maTi politikuri kontrolis qveS an ratom
ar aris, magaliTad, calke gamoyofili 1917-21 ww. ratom aris miCneuli mijnad
VI s. da ar aris gamoyofili VII s. 20-iani wlebi, romelic avtoris araerTgzis
SeniSvniT aSkarad gadamtexi momentia qarTuli eklesiis istoriaSi.
Zalze sainteresoa dakvirvebebi hagiografiul Zeglebze, sxvadasxva
Sinaarsis iuridiul dokumentebze, ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ struqturaze, rTul
mudmiv problemad rCeba. avtori cal-calke ganixilavs TiToeul Zegls, afasebs
maT, rogorc wyaros da, kerZod, eklesiis istoriisaTvis. aseve SeniSnavT, rom
erTgvarad xelovnur STabeWdilebas istorikosebis dayofa samoqalaqo da
saeklesio avtorebad, yovel SemTxvevaSi adreul saukuneebSi, vinaidan erTnic
da meorenic sasuliero pirebi arian. mkvlevari Tamaris e.w. meore istorikosad
basil ezosmoZRvars miiCnevs, rac erTgvarad moZvelebuli Sexedulebaa.
marTalia, Zeglis avtori jerjerobiT ar aris dadgenili, magram
i. javaxiSvilis atribucia amJamad aRar aris gaziarebuli.
didi adgili eTmoba naSromSi qarTuli eris eTnogenezis sakiTxebs.
avtori msjelobs qarTvelebis sxvadasxva dasaxelebebze, ganixilavs eris
Camoyalibebis Teorias. aq yuradRebas ipyrobs qarTvelebis dakavSireba
bibliur TugalTan. aRniSnul sakiTxze uzarmazari literaturaa Seqmnili.
avtors TviTonac aqvs specialuri gamokvleva qarTvelebis eTnogenezze,
Sesabamisi argumentebi gansaxilvel wignSic aris motanili, magram, vfiqrob,
problema mainc moiTxovs Semdeg dakvirvebas.
mkvlevari farTod aSuqebs mociqulTa moRvaweobas qarTlSi, ris
Sedegadac msjelobs da akeTebs daskvnas, rom vinaidan mociqulebis mier
daarsebuli yvela eklesia, sadac ar unda yofiliyo is, avtokefaliuri iyo,
amitomac qarTuli eklesia daarsebisTanave avtokefaluria. es azri naSromSi
sxvaganac meordeba da avtori mas araerTxel sxvadasxva argumentiT asabuTebs.
Teoriulad es iqneb marTlac ase unda yofiliyo, magram realobaSi TviT
mociqulebis yofnis faqti saqarTveloSi araerTxel damdgara eWvqveS.
naSromSi naCvenebia, Tu rogor uxdebodaT qarTvelebs zog SemTxvevaSi Tavisi
kanonieri urTierTobis mtkiceba da rogor Znelad ikafavda gzas simarTle
adrec da axlac. Sors rom ar wavideT, amis magaliTad marTlmadideblur
diptixSi saqarTvelos eklesiis adgilis sakiTxic kmara. an rogor avxsnaT is.
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magaliTad faqti, rom 381 wels konstantinepolis II msoflio saeklesio krebis
aqtebSi episkoposTa xelmowerebidan Cans amasiis pontos eparqiis
warmomadgenlis iberiis episkoposis pantofiles monawileoba an me-12 s.
bizantili avtoris nilos doqsanopatriusis cnoba, romlis mixedviT 1143 w.
~helspontos amasia, romlis saepiskoposo iyo TviT iberiac~.
nabij-nabij, sxvadasxva wyaroebiT asabuTebs avtori dasavleT da
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos erTianobas, aCvenebs saepiskoposoebis raodenobriv
zrdas da Sesabamisad qristianobis warmatebebs saqarTveloSi, rac eris
Camoyalibebis aucilebeli pirobaa. wignSi cal-calkea ganxiluli eris iseTi
niSnebi, rogorc aris saerTo ena, saerTo teritoria, saerTo kulti,
erTmorwmuneoba, fsiqiuri wyoba, saerTo eTnikuri warmoSoba, ganuwyveteli
istoriuli da ekonomikuri kavSiri da sxv. yvela am niSans mkvlevari Zalze
adre xedavs qarTveli xalxis istoriaSi. jer kidev qarTlis saxelmwifos
Camoyalibebis dros Zv.w. IV-III s.s. miuxedavad imisa, rom aq am monakveTSi
saintereso msjelobaa dasavleT da aRmosavleT teritoriebis erTianobaze,
termin iberiis mniSvnelobaze da sxv. sakiTxebze, Znelia gaiziaro avtoris azri
qarTveli eris aseTi siZvelis Sesaxeb, Tumca kidev erTxel xdeba cxadi, rom
eris Camoyalibeba xangrZlivi da rTuli procesia da CamoTvlili niSnebis
dadastureba sxvadasxva dros garkveul safuZvels da tendencias qmnis mis
dasaCqareblad.
qarTlSi qristianobis oficialur religiad aRiarebis faqtis TariRad
avtori 317-318 ww. miiCnevs (gaziarebulia v. goilaZis azri), magram am sakiTxze
msjelobisas erTgvari winaaRmdegoba SeiniSneba. mkvlevaris azriT, ~338 wlis
Semdeg qarTvelTa mefes qristianobis aRiareba sparselTa SiSiT gauWirdeboda.
maSasadame, im dros roca sparseTi qristianobas mfarvelobda da iberia
iranis gavlenis sferoSi Sedioda (280 wlebamde), gacilebiT ufro advili iyo
qristianobis miReba. marTlac, diubua de monpesie qarTlis moqcevis TariRad
976 wels miiCnevs~ (gv.65).
gv. 174-ze motanilia, Cans, ~qarTvlis cxovrebis cnoba imis Sesaxeb,
rogor gamogzavna konstantinem qarTlSi relikviebi - cxovelmyofeli jvris
nawili da ficari, romelzedac daWvaluli iyo uflis fexebi. episkoposma
uflis samsWvalni da ganZi eruSeTSi datova da wamovida, wundaSi man xuroebi
datova, eklesiis Seneba manglisSi daiwyo da iq uflis ficarni datova.
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~moqcevai qarTlisaSi~ piriqiT aris: eruSeTSi datoves ficarni, xolo
manglisSi – samsWvali. es cnoba, rogorc Cans, ufro sworia, yovel SemTxvevaSi
werilobiTi da zepiri tradicia samsWvals swored manglisis taZarTan
akavSirebs. gv. 176-ze avtori exeba sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb, Tu romeli anbaniT
Caiwera ninos cxovrebis uZvelesi versia da arCevs kompromisul gzas. misi
varaudiT, salome ujarmelma an qarTuli an berZnuli an kidev arameuli
anbaniT isargebla. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom problema qarTuli anbanis Seqmnas
exeba, aq sasurveli iyo ufro mkafio pozicia.
gamokvlevis TiToeul monakveTs win uZRvis Sesabamisi wyaroebis
Sinaarsis gadmocema, romelic zogjer Seicavs anaqronizmebs. aseT SemTxvevaSi
sasurvelia gakeTdes SeniSvna, magaliTad, vaxtang gorgaslis dros yivCaRebis
moxseniebis dros (gv. 186).
damajerebelia avtoris varaudi imis Sesaxeb, rom konfliqti vaxtangsa
da mTavarepiskoposs miqaels Soris socialur niadagze moxda. magram
gamokvlevebSi araferia naTqvami bizantiaSi gamocemuli henotikonis Sesaxeb an
imaze, moaxdina Tu ara aman raime gavlena qarTlis sasuliero orientaciaze.
ufro Rrma dasabuTebas moiTxovs, albaT, naSromSi gamoTqmuli varaudi,
rom herebis mSobliuri ena qarTuli enis erT-erTi dialeqti iyo, miTumetes,
rom aqve naTqvamia, rom hereTis ena daRestnur enebs enaTesaveboda (gv. 209).
qronologiur gamijvnas moiTxovs, albaT dakvirveba, rom aq
gavrcelebuli yofila iranuli da Turquli enebi. agreTve somxuric.
konteqstebidan naTeli ar aris, ras exeba cnoba – daRestans Tu hereTs. garda
amisa, dasazustebelia Turqulis sakiTxi, misi kvali kavkasiaSi SedarebiT gvian
Cndeba, magram am sakiTxze azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa.
damajerebelia azri imis Sesaxeb, rom VIIs. damdegs heraklem saqarTvelos
~zRvispireTi uSualod bizantiis saxelmwifos SeuerTa, ris gamoc dasavleT
saqarTvelos am nawilze saeklesio iurisdiqcia ganaxorciela. konstantinepolis
sapatriarqom – miT umetes, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, erTi mxriv, imas, rom elinizacia
swored herakles wlebs ukavSirdeba, rom berZnuli ena mis dros saxelmwifos
oficialuri ena xdeba, xolo, meore mxriv, eklesiis gavlenis zrdis
sazogadoebriv urTierTobaze. magram aqve motanilia cnoba, TiTqos qarTlis
mmarTvelma mefem gamoTqva ukmayofileba da keisars Txovna gaugzavna erovnuli
teritoriebis ukan dabrunebaze. magram ar aris miTiTebuli wyaro.
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gv. 235-ze avtori exeba 1045-49 ww. Tbilisis gadacemis sakiTxs qarTveli
mefisaTvis. misi azriT, Tbilisis mmarTveloba xelSi auRiaT Tbilisel berebs.
qarTvel sasuliero pirebs. qarTul istoriografiaSi araerTxel gamoiTqva
mosazreba am sakiTxze. miCneulia, rom Tbileli berni an igive Tbileli
uxucesni arian vaWar-xelosanTa zeda fena. gasaTvaliswinebelia, albaT, is
faqti, rom Tbilisi am dros muslimur dinastiis xelSia.
kavSiri saxelmwifosa da saeklesio mTavrobas Soris an eklesiisaTvis
imunitetis miniWeba jer kidev ar niSnavs Teokratuli saxelmwifos Seqmnas.
marTalia, mkvlevari Tavis mosazrebas, rom daviTis dros ~Camoyalibda
Teokratulis msgavsi qarTuli saxelmwifo~ (gv. 240) asabuTebs, magram am azris
gaziareba misi argumentaciis gaTvaliswinebiT Znelia.
aqve gamoTqmulia varaudi, rom ruis-urbnisis krebaze eklesiam mefes
kaxeT-hereTi gadasca, amitomac uwodebs am krebis Zeglis wera mas ~ranTa da
kaxTa~ mefes. ufro logikuri iqneboda varaudi, rom kaxeTi-hereTis SemoerTeba
1103 w. win uswrebda ruis-urbnisis krebas.
erTgvari gazviadebaa da dasazustebelia 249-ze naTqvami, rom ~Tamari
ukve sruliad saqarTvelos mefe gaxda. es saqarTvelo ki faqtiurad mTel
kavkasias moicavda~.
gv. 252-253-ze mkvlevari xedavs erTgvar kavSirs aTabagobis institutis
SemoRebasa da saqarTvelos dasustebas Soris. saqarTvelos dasustebis
mizezebi am dros bevrad ufro Rrmaa.
araerTxel gvxvdeba aq termini aminspasalari, rac uzustobaa. unda iyos
amirspasalari romelic arabuli da sparsuli sityvebisagan Sedgeba – amir,
sipap, sardar.
monRolebis da qarTvelebis dazavebis TariRad miTiTebulia 1242 weli.
swori TariRia 1243 (gv. 262) tradiciisamebr, daviT laSas Ze ulud ixsenieba
(gv. 264), rac agreTve uzustobaa.
a.w. ~aswlovan matianeze~ dayrdnobiT mkvlevari miiCnevs, rom samcxis
mTavris ojaxi didad RmrTismoSiSi iyo, gasaocar pativs scemda samRvdeloebas,
saepiskoposoebs, monazvnebs (gv. 275). erTgvarad SeumCneveli darCa is faqti, rom
me-14 s. anonimi, romelic warmoSobiT samcxedan aris, separatistia, miuxedavad
imisa, rom kargi istorikosia. aqedan momdinareobs, sxvaTa Soris, misi
loialoba monRolebis mimarT, romelTac samcxes saqarTvelos mefisagan
12
damoukidebloba mianiWes, misi uaryofiTi damokidebuleba samefo ojaxis
mimarT, gansakuTrebiT demetre II-dmi, samcxis mTavarTa gaidealeba.
naSromSi aRniSnulia, TiTqos Temur-lengma Camoasaxla osebi
saqarTveloSi (gv. 271) amasTanave ar aris miTiTebuli wyaro. ramdenadac viciT,
am cnobis wyaro ar arsebobs, Tumca Temur-lengis Semdeg migraciuli talRa
CrdiloeTidan marTlac mosalodnelia.
gv. 299-ze miTiTebulia iran-osmaleTis zavis TariRi – 1588. unda iyos 1590.
wignSi damajereblad aris axsnili, Tu ratom iyo saqarTveloSi
marTlmadidebloba ase miuRebeli dampyroblebisaTvis gvian Sua saukuneebSi.
axsnilia, Tu rogor iwvevda marTlmdideblobis dakargva, denacionalizacias
da zogierT SemTxvevaSi teritoriis dakargvasac. naCvenebia saqarTvelos
eklesiis roli erovnebis SenarCunebis saqmeSi da sxva.
zedmiwevniT obieqturad aris gaSuqebuli urTierToba TurqeT-iranTan da
gansakuTrebiT ruseTTan. zedmetad mkacrad meCveneba mefe rostomis Sefaseba,
romelic qarTlSi 1633 wels gamefda da ara 1632 wels, rogorc es wignSia
miTiTebuli. avtoric marTalia, rodesac SeniSnavs, rom ~rostomis droidan
sparselTa TvalsazrisiT qarTli miiCneoda iranis qveSevrdom qveynad, rostomi
sparsel valad (da ara valad, rogorc es naSromSia), iranis Sahis moxeled~,
magram isic faqtia, rom qarTli da kaxeTi rostomis dros sparsTagan
dapyrobili qveyanaa, sadac gauqmebulia mefoba.
g. JorJoliani, romelic specialurad ikvlevs am xanas, aRniSnavs, rom
30-50-ian ww. mahmadianobas qarTlSi sakmaod aramyari mdgomareoba hqonda.
gamahmadianebuli mefe rostomi araviTar RonisZiebas ar mimarTavda meCeTebis
mSeneblobis mizniT. qveyanas SerCa sarwmunoeba da qarTuli enac. is, rom
rostomi sparsebis sasurvel politikas ar atarebda, gamoCnda imiTac, rom mas
CamoerTva kaxeTis gamgebloba.
mTlad obieqturad ar mimaCnia farsadan gorgijaniZis moRvaweobis
Sefasebac.
farsadan gorgijaniZes didi wvlili miuZRvis qarTuli kulturis
ganviTarebis saqmeSi. man monawileoba miiRo Sah-names qarTuli Sesabamis
gadawerasa Tu galeqsva-redaqtirebaSi. manve Seadgina qarTul-arabul-sparsuli
leqsikoni, qarTul enaze Targmna zogierTi aRmosavluri Txzuleba da, maT
13
Soris, ~tami-abasi – musulmanTa sasjulo wigni da kanoni~ da sxv. magram misi
ZiriTadi damsaxureba saqarTvelos istoriis Seqmnaa didi xnis intervalis Semdeg.
Semdeg farsadan gorgijaniZe iyo is pirveli istorikosi, romelmac iranSi,
qarTul enaze dawera saqarTvelos istoria uZvelesi xanidan me-17 s.
dasasrulamde. gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa naSromis ukanaskneli monakveTi –
me-16-17 ss. movlenebi, risTvisac man araerTi ucnobi, ZiriTadad sparsuli wyaroebi
gamoiyena da Seavso isini. TviTmxilvelTa cnobebiT da sakuTari TvaliT nanaxiT.
misi es Txzuleba safuZvlad daedo Semdgomi xanis qarTul saistorio Zeglebs.
Teimuraz II da erkle II-is damsaxurebaze saubrisas meti yuradReba unda
miqceoda, albT, saerTaSoriso viTarebas. nadirSahis droindeli sparseTi aRar
hgavda Sah-abasis Seqmnil da mis mier datovebul saxelmwifos. dapyrobili
avRanelebisagan da damarcxebuli TurqTagan is TviTon moiTxovda mokavSireebs.
swored mokavSireobisaTvis jildod mieRoT mama-Svils qristianuli wesiT
kurTxevis ufleba. Tumca es ar gamoricxavs maT pirad damsaxurebasac. gv. 332-
ze naTqvamia, rom sparselebma RalatiT mokles giorgi XI. giorgi XI mokles
avRanelebma. amitom motanili winadadeba erTgvar dazustebas moiTxovs.
naSromSi sakmao adgili eTmoba qarTvelebis kaTolikobaze gadasvlis
mizezebs. magram imis gamo, rom avtori Semdeg sxvadasxva argumentiT cdilobs
daamtkicos, rom kaTolikoba ar miuRiaT s.-s. orbelians an mag. anton
kaTolikoss da ar moyavs kaTolikobis miRebis arcerTi konkretuli magaliTi,
mkiTxvels erTgvari ukmarisobis grZnoba gauCndeba. naSromSi gakvriT ixsenieba
da vfiqrob, ufro metis Tqma SeiZleba me-18-19 ss. Seqmnili komisiebis
saqmianobaze, romelTac kavkasiaSi qristianobis aRdgena evalebodaT da sadac
qarTvelebis wvlili Zalze mniSvnelovani iyo.
rogorc ukve aRvniSne, wigni tevadia SinaarsiT, Zalze didia Tavisi
mniSvnelobiT da erT recenziaSi SeuZlebelia misi amomwuravi Sefaseba.
darwmunebuli var, saqarTvelos istorias da qarTuli eklesiis mkvlevarebi mas
araerTxel daubrundebian da ara marto ikamaTeben aq warmodgenil sakiTxebze,
aramed xSir SemTxvevaSi maT gaiziareben da gaiTvaliswineben.
yovelive zemoaRniSnulis safuZvelze vSuamdgomlob sabWos winaSe, raTa
mieniWos anania jafariZes istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis xarisxi.
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori
g. alasania
14
mTavarepiskopos Aananias pasuxi oficialur oponents
qalbaton giuli alasanias
uRrmes madlobas movaxseneb oficialur oponents. istoriis mecnierebaTa
doqtors, profesor giuli alasanias maRali SefasebisaTvis Cemi naSromisa,
rom ~igi saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis pirveli sruli gamokvlevaa da igi
qarTul istoriografiaSi im sisxlis gadasxmas hgavs, romelic drodadro
aucilebelia jansaRi organizmis SesanarCuneblad~. me arc movelodi Cemi mcire
Sromis aseT did Sefasebas. mTlianad veTamxmebi qalbaton giulis, rom Cems
warmodgenil disertacias gaaCnia ramdenime mizani:
1. daubrunos saqarTvelos moqalaqes qristes sarwmunoeba da ganamtkicos
mrevli am rwmenaSi;
2. gauRvivos mkiTxvels siamayis grZnoba qveynisa da eris Rirseuli
warsuli gamo;
3. aRadginos saqarTvelos warsulis obieqturi da sruli suraTi, am fonze
warmoaCinos eklesiis istoria, misi mniSvneloba eris warsulsa da awmyoSi.
qalbatoni giuli brZanebs, rom pirveli ori mizani savsebiT miRweulia,
mesames igi, viTarca oponenti, ixilavs ufro detalurad.
1. qalbatoni giulis ZiriTadi SeniSvna exeba gamokvlevis teqnikur mxares,
kerZod ki miuTiTebs sqolioebis ar arsebobis Sesaxeb. am sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT mogaxsenebT, rom radganac sadisertacio naSromi daibeWda
sapatriarqos mTavar beWvdiT organoSi, saqarTvelos saeklesio kalendarSi
(1998), romelic ZiriTadad gankuTvnilia farTo mkiTxveli sazogadoebisa da
morwmuneTaTvis, amitomac teqsti gasagebi da advilad sakiTxavi unda yofiliyo.
sqolios nacvlad wyaroebi da literatura miTiTebul iqna teqstSive imis
gaTvaliswinebiTac, rom am gamocemis TiTqmis paralelurad gamomcemloba
meranma dabeWda aRniSnuli naSromis vrceli, ufro srulyofili varianti or
tomad, romelSic wyaroebi da literatura mravlad aris miTiTebuli
sqolioebSi.
2. qalbatoni giulis TvalsazrisiT, marTalia, naSromSi gadmocemulia
periodizacia, magram periodizaciis SemuSavebisas ar aris daculi erTiani
principi. mis amosavals xan istoriuli movlena, xanac sakuTriv eklesiis
cxovrebaSi momxdari movlena warmoadgens. kerZod, daisva kiTxva, Tu ratom
15
aris miCneuli mijnad VI saukune, ratom miiCneva e.w. eklesiis oqros xanis
dasasrulad XIV saukunis damdegi, ratom ar aris gamoyofili calke 1917-21
wlebi.
am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT miviCnevT, rom VI saukune WeSmaritad
gardamtexi momentia saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriaSi. jer kidev adre simon
janaSia werda, rom ~VI saukune namdvilad istoriuli mosabrunia Cveni qveynis
ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT Zvel xanaSi~ (s. janaSia, feodaluri revolucia
saqarTveloSi, I. gv.1). IV saukunis dasawyisis ambebis Semdeg simon janaSias VI
saukune umniSvnelovanes momentad miaCnda axali politikuri wyobis
gamarjvebis gamo. iranelTa xelSewyobiT ~moaklda mefoba SvilTa
gorgaslisaTa da miT JamiTgan epyra ufleba qarTlisa aznaurTa~ (sumbat
daviTis Ze).
saeklesio cxovrebaSic udidesi cvlileba moxda. saxelmwifoebrivi
mzrunvelobiT IV-V saukuneebSi ayvavebuli qarTuli eklesia mniSvnelovnad
daemcro VI s-Si, kerZod, iraneli dampyroblebi Seecadnen amierkavkasiis
eklesiaTa Soris hegemoni eklesiis roli mieniWebinaT somxuri eklesiisaTvis.
mizezi amisa iyo is, rom swored VI saukuneSi gamoikveTa somxuri eklesiis
midrekileba monofizituri sarwmunoebisadmi, romelic waxalisebuli iyo
iranis mier, rogorc antibizantiuri aRmsarebloba. amave dros qarTvelma
eklesiam daicva marTlmadidebloba da, miuxedavad iranelTa mxridan didi
devnisa, mxari dauWira qalkedonitobas, es TandaTan gamoikveTa VI saukunis Sua
wlebidan. amis gamo qarTuli eklesia iqca devnis obieqtad, dampyroblebi
Seecadnen misi iurisdiqciisa da gavlenis sazRvrebis Semcirebas monofizituri
dvinis sakaTalikosos sasargeblod, kerZod, hereTSi, romelic IV-V saukuneebSi
qarTlis sakaTalikosos iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda qarTuli saeklesio eniT, VI
saukunis Semdeg dainerga monofizituri aRmsarebloba somxuri eniT, mxolod X
saukuneSi dinara dedoflis dros hereTi daubrunda deda-qarTul eklesias,
msgavsadve, VI saukunidan qvemo qarTlSi, romelsac gugarqsac uwodeben,
SeizRuda qarTuli saeklesio enis uflebebi, romlis nacvlad danerges
somxurenovani RvTismsaxureba, romlis amofxvrasac kirion kaTalikosi Seecada
VII saukunis dasawyisSi, xelsayreli politikuri viTarebis dros.
VI saukuneSi iranelTa mcdelobas ukvalod ar Cauvlia. Tbilisi
iranelTa iseT mZlavr dasayrdenad gadaiqca, rom misi aReba gauWirda herakle
16
keisars. herekles mier VIIs-Si ganxorcielebuli teritoriul-administraciuli
RonisZiebebi swored VI saukuneSi momxdari cvlilebebiT igi gamowveuli.
amitom VI saukunem Tavisi asaxva hpova saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis
periodizaciaSi.
3. rac Seexeba qarTuli eklesiis egreT wodebuli oqros xanis dasasrulis
mijnad XIV saukunis dasawyisis miCnevas periodizaciis dros, vupasuxebT:
marTalia, qveyana XIII saukunis 20-iani wlebidan ganicdida agresorTa
Tavdasxmebs, magram, amis miuxedavad, am dros, XIII saukuneSi qarTuli eklesia
kvlav YTavis siZlieris zenitSi idga, rac misi mTlianobiT gamoixateboda. XIV
saukunidan gamoikveTa is tendenciebi, ramac XV s. 70-ian wlebSi ganapiroba
antioqieli patriarqis miqaelis mier afxazeTis kaTalikosad ioakimes kurTxeva,
ramac, cxadia, saqarTvelos eklesiis administraciuli mTlianoba Searyia.
Tumca, aRsaniSnavia isic, rom amis miuxedavad afxazeTis sakaTalikoso
Zveleburadve darCa, viTarca qarTuli eklesiis erT-erTi umTavresi kera
tradiciuli qarTveli mrevliT, Zvel-qarTuli adaT-wesebiTa da wirva-locvis
qarTuli eniT.
am dros, ivane javaxiSvilis sityviT: ~gankerZoebis momxre mefe-mTavrebi
sargeblobdnen saqarTveloSi antioqiel ierusalimeli mokalmase
mRvdelmTavrebis mogzaurobiT TavianTi miznebis gansaxorcieleblad~ (t. III,
1982, gv. 337), ramac gavlena iqonia saeklesio cxovrebaze.
4. qalbatoni giuli samarTlianad svams kiTxvas, periodizaciis dros ratom
ar gamoiyo calke 1917-21 wlebi. 1917 weli, cxadia, saqarTvelos eklesiis
istoriisaTvis mniSvnelovani TariRia, magram rac Seexeba 1921 wels, mas
gavlena ar mouxdenia qarTuli eklesis TavisTavadobaze. 1921 wels,
saqarTvelos okupaciis da aneqsiis Semdeg, bolSevikebma ver SeZles qarTuli
eklesiis avtokefalia TavisTavadobis gauqmeba. Aamis mizezi Semdegi iyo:
ruseTSi bolSevikuri gadatrialebis Semdeg ruseTis eklesiis wminda sinodma
datova ruseTi da gadavida ucxoeTSi, iq gadaiqca e.w. emigrantul eklesiad.
aman ufleba misca ruseTis mTavrobas, didxans, 1943 wlamde ar ecno ruseTis
saeklesio mmarTveloba, saqarTveloSi ki sxvagvari viTareba iyo. saqarTvelos
kaTalikos-patriarqma da wminda sinodma 1921 wels okupaciis dros ar miatova
Tavisi samwyso-qarTveli xalxi da ar gadavida ucxoeTSi, ufro metic, imis
Semdeg rac kaTalikos-patriarqma wminda ambrosi xelaiam 1922 wlis dasawyisSi
17
mimarTa genuis konferencias, bolSevikebma veRar gabedes saqarTvelos eklesiis
xelaRebiT daSla da misi gauqmebulad gamocxadeba, Tumca didi survili
hqondaT. aRniSnulis gamo 1921 wels ar momxdara cvlileba saeklesio
struqturisa da igi ar aisaxa saqarTvelos istoriis periodizaciaSi.
5. qalbatoni giuli samarTlianad SeniSnavs, rom xelovnur STabeWdilebas
tovebs istorikosebis dayofa samoqalaqo da saeklesio avtorebad. radganac
adreul saukuneebSi erTnic da meorenic sasuliero pirebi iyvnen.
SesaZlebelia, rom adreul saukuneebSi yvela istorikosi ar iyo
sasuliero piri, magaliTad, araviTari miTiTeba ara gvaqvs, rom juanSeri
sasuliero piri yofiliyos.
6. pativcemuli oponentis azriT, erTgvarad moZvelebuli Sexedulebaa Cems
mier Tamaris e.w. meore istorikosad basili ezosmoZRvris miCneva.
basili ezosmoZRvari miCneulia Tamaris erT-erT istorikosad iseT
oficialur gamocemaSi, rogoricaa qarTuli enciklopedia, Tumca aRniSnul
sakiTxebSi veTanxmebi pativcemul oponents.
7. qalbatoni giulis Semdegi SeniSvna Seexeba qarTuli eklesiis
avtokefaliis sakiTxs. mociqulTa mier daarsebuli yvela eklesia, sadac ar
unda yofiliyo is, avtokefalurad miiCneva sazogadod eklesiis istorikosTa
mier. magaliTad, SeiZleba davasaxeloT saeklesio kanonebis cnobili mkvlevari
profesori trocki. Tu Cven gvjera saqarTveloSi mociqulTa moRvaweoba da maT
mier eklesiis organizeba, maSin misTvis ar unda daviwyoT sadme ucxoeTSi
saeklesio centris Zieba, radganac pirvelsaukuneTa saeklesio praqtikis
Sesabamisad pirveli eklesiebi marTlac avtokefaliebi iyvnen.
saerTod, avtokefaliis Sesaxeb I aTaswleulSi bizantiis imperiaSi
arsebobda Tvalsazrisi, rom avtokefalurad unda CaTvliliyo mxolod da
mxolod is eklesia, romelic mociqulis mier iyo daarsebuli. am
Tvalsazrisma Tavisi asaxva hpova giorgi mTawmindelis cnobil pasuxebSi
antioqiis patriarqTa mimarT 1056-1057 wlebSi. ucxoeli patriarqebi
saqarTvelos avtokefalias eWvqveS ayenebdnen swored im mizeziT, rom
saqarTveloSi ar uqadagnia arc erT mociquls. Ggiorgi mTawmindelma
werilobiTi wyaros moSveliebiT daamtkica, rom mociqulebma namdvilad
iqadages saqarTveloSi, es ki ukve TavisTavad niSnavda qarTuli eklesiis
avtokefaluri arsebobis ueWvelobas: giorgi mTawmindeli paeqrobidan
18
gamarjvebuli gamovida, radganac qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia daukavSira
saqarTveloSi mociqulTa mier eklesiis dafuZnebas. iqve man ueWvelad
daasabuTa, rom Semdgomac, magaliTad, VIII saukuneSi qarTuli eklesia ara
marto avtokefaluri iyo, aramed guTeTis episkopos ioanesac ki daasxa xeli
misma meTaurma.
pativcemuli oponenti brZanebs, rom arsebobs XII saukunis avtoris cnoba,
TiTqosda 1143 wlisaTvis helespontos amisiis saepiskoposo iyo iberia, rac,
cxadia, eWvqveS ayenebs Cveni eklesiis avtokefalias. uTvalavi dokumenti da
wyaro arsebobs XII saukuneSi saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb.
aRniSnuli cnoba ar unda davukavSiroT saqarTvelos eklesias. jer kidev
kaTalikos-patriarqi kirion II msgavs cnobebs ukavSirebda iberiis Tems,
romelic arsebobda bizantiis imperiaSi. rogorc cnobilia, iberiis Temi, anu
iberiis sakatepano Seiqmna keisar basili II-is dros, masSi qarTul miwebTan
erTad Siraqis samefoc moeqca qalaq anisiT. am iberiis TemSi samwyso, Cans,
dayofili iyo sxvadasxva iurisdiqciis mixedviT. TviT anisSic qarTuli
episkoposi ijda, iberiis TemSi qarTulTan erTad, cxadia, arsebobda somxuri
saepiskoposoebic, cxadia iyo berZnuli saepiskoposoebic. unda vifiqroT, rom
XII saukunis aRniSnuli cnoba Seexeba iberiis Temis im berZnul saepiskoposos,
romelic helespontos amasias eqvemdebareboda.
rac Seexeba cnobas 381 wlis II msoflio krebis aqtebSi amasias pontos
eparqiis warmomadgenlis iberiis episkopos pantofiles Sesaxeb, unda iTqvas,
rom radganac qarTulma wyaroebma ar icis aseTi saxelis mqone episkoposi, igi
ar unda yofiliyo qarTlis episkoposi, Tumca veTanxmebi pativcemul oponents,
rom am mxriv kvleva unda gagrZeldes.
8. qalbatoni giuli eris Cemeul SefasebasTan dakavSirebiT brZanebs, rom
Znelia gaiziaro avtoris azri qarTveli eris aseTi siZvelis Sesaxeb.
pirvelsaukuneTa ganxilvis dros sityva ~erSi~ me ar vgulisxmob eris
Tanamedrove gagebas, aramed Cemi TvalsazrisiT, esaa xalxi, romelsac ukve
sakuTari qarTvelobis TviTSegneba aqvs.
farnavazis droindeli saqarTvelos mosaxleobis erovnuli TviTSegneba
mematianis TvalsazrisiT imdenad mtkiced aris Camoyalibebuli, rom egrisis
mmarTveli quji ucxadebs mcxeTeli mamasaxlisis memkvidre farnavazs - ~Sen xar
Svili TavTa maT qarTlisaTa da Sen gmarTebs ufloba Cemi... Sen xar ufali~.
19
anda kidev ufro meti – quji ambobs - ~gamovCndeT mtrad azonisa, maSin
ganixaron yovelTa qarTvelTa~. Eegrisis erisTavis azriT, TviTon igi masTan
erTad egriselebic ~yovelTa qarTvelTa~ erTi nawilia. Mmsgavsi Sexedulebaa
daculi vaxtang gorgaslis cxovrebaSic. Aam mefis siymawvilisas berZnebma mis
samefos CamoaWres teritoria egriswylidan vidre cixe-gojamde. Eegrisis am
teritoriis dakargvas, mematianes sityviT, iglovebda ~yoveli qarTveli~.
avtori wers: ~berZenTa daipyres egriswyalTagan vidre cixe-gojamde, maSin iqmna
glova da wuxili yovelTa qarTvelTa da ityodes: ~ganmavravleT codva RvTisa
mimarT... migvcna Cven wartyvevnad ucxoTa naTesavTa da migviRo Cven sazRvari
berZenTagan... ese... iqmna... erisa codvaTagan... winamRvrebiTa jvarisaTa ... viZioT
Cven Suri... vZebneT sazRvari qarTlisa berZenTagan~ (q.c. I, gv 146), amnairad
aSkaraa, rom egriselebs TavianTi Tavi qarTvelebad miaCniaT, egrisis erTi
nawilis dakargvas mTeli qarTveli xalxi ganicdis V saukunis dasawyisSi da
miiCnevs, rom am teritoriis dakargva moxda ~eris codvaTa~ gamo. romel xalxs
gulisxmobs mematiane mis mier moxmobil sityvaTa ~erSi?~ cxadia, mTel
qarTvel xalxs, maT Soris egriselebs upirvelesad, romelnic ~warityvevna
ucxo naTesavTa mier~. Aaqedan Cans, rom mematianis azriT V saukuneSi
egrisiTgan vidre somxeT-albaneTamde mcxovreb xalxs hqonda Tavisi
qarTvelobis erovnuli TviTSegneba.
msgavsi suraTi aqvs daxatuli arsen bersac, wminda ninos cxovrebis
erTerT redaqtors. Mmisi cnoba, romelic, cxadia, ~moqcevai qarTlisais~
eyrdnoba, aseTia: arian - qarTlidan Camosaxlebuli xalxi ara marto
aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi gansaxlda, aramed dasavleT saqarTveloSic,
egrisSic. arsenis azriT, qveynis orive nawilSi erTi xalxi cxovrobs. maT
aerTianebT ara marto eTnikuri erTianoba, aramed enobrivic. arseni wers: ~Cven,
qarTvelebi, Svilni varT arian qarTliT gamosulTani da maTi ena uwyiT~ (Zv.
qarT agiogr. lit. Zegl. III, gv. 47). esaa ena xalxisa, romelic egriswylidan
albaneTamde damkvidrda.
cxadia, Cven SeiZleba ar daveTanxmoT arsen bers ~arian qarTlidan~
qarTvelTa gadmosaxlebis Sesaxeb, magram CvenTvis am SemTxvevaSi mTavaria
Zveli qarTveli meistories Tvalsazrisi, rom egriswylidan albaneT-
somxeTamde cxovrobs erTi xalxi, erTi saerTo saxalxo, saliteraturo,
saxelmwifo saeklesio eniT.
20
9. qalbatoni giulis Semdegi SeniSvna Seexeba werilobiT da zepir
tradicias qristes samsWvalTa manglisis taZarSi dacvis Sesaxeb. am SeniSvnas
mTlianad viziareb, magram, albaT, wyaroTa cnobebis sxvadasxvaoba ferxTa
ficrisa da samsWvalTa adgilsamyofelis Sesaxeb gamowveulia imiT, rom es
siwmindeebi VII saukuneSi herakle keisarma gaitana saqarTvelodan. mematiane
wers - ~erekle mefeman warixuna manglisiT da eruSeTiT ferxTa ficarni da
samsWualni uflisa Cuenisa iesos qristesni, romeli mocemul iyvnes
konstantinesagan mirianisada~ (q.c. I, gv. 228), Semdgom saukuneebSi qarTvelebma
daibrunes es siwmindeebi, da Cans, amis Semdeg manglisSi daasvenes ~samsWvalni
uflisani~, rogorc samarTlianadac SeniSnavs qalbatoni giuli, Tumca sxva
cnobebiT aq ~ferxTa ficarni~ esvena.
10. pativcemuli oponenti Cemi mosazrebis Sesaxeb, rom wmida ninos naambobis
Cawerisas salome ujarmels unda esargebla ~an qarTuli, an berZnuli an kidev
arabuli anbaniT~ - wers, ~aq sasurveli iyo ufro mkafio pozicia~.
es sakiTxi me vrclad maqvs ganxiluli Cemi eklesiis istoriis I tomSi,
saeklesio tradicia mxars uWers qarTuli mwignobrobis farnavazis epoqaSi
Camoyalibebis Teorias, rac, cxadia, anbansac Seexeba. safiqrebelia, rom,
rogorc Teimuraz batoniSvili wers, qurumTawreSi dafarulad arsebuli anbani
qristianobis sarwmunoebad aRiarebis Semdeg reformirebul iqna da igi
gamoiyenes qarTuli eklesiis saWiroebisaTvis.
11. qalbatoni giuli marTalia, roca brZanebs, rom wyaroTa Sinaars zogjer
gadmovcem mTlianad, SeniSvnebis gareSe, imisaTvis, raTa mkiTxvels gavacno
saistorio Txzulebis erTiani Sinaarsi, magram momdevno paragrafSi wyaroebSi
arsebuli anaqronizmebis Sesaxeb gamovTqvam kritikul SeniSvnebs.
12. qalbatoni giuli wers: ~damajerebelia azri imis Sesaxeb, rom VII s.
damdegs heraklem saqarTvelos ~zRvispireTi uSualoT SeuerTa bizantiis
saxelmwifos, ris gamoc dasavleT saqarTvelos am nawilze saeklesio
iurisdiqcia ganaxorciela konstantinepolis sapatriarqom, Tu
gaviTvaliswinebT, rom elinizacia swored herakles ukavSirdeba~. es Sefaseba
CemTvis gansakuTrebiT Zvirfasia, radganac am faqtis aRiarebiT advilad
SeiZleba gavigoT suraTi qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis aRdgenisa am
aneqsirebul zRvispira teritoriaze VIII-X saukuneebSi. mematiane VII saukunis
procesebis aRweris dros erTad moixseniebs rogorc am teritoriis aneqsias,
21
ise aRniSnuli siwmindeebis gatacebas herakle keisris mier, maT erTi wyaro
aqvT, amitomac erTad movixseniebT.
13. pativcemuli oponentis mosazrebiT 1045-49 wlebSi Tbilisis qarTveli
mefisaTvis gadacemisas naxsenebi ~Tbileli berebi~ arian ara sasuliero pirebi,
aramed vaWar-xelosanTa fena.
pativcemul oponents movaxseneb, rom es Cemi kvlevis areali ar aris. me
veyrdnobi profesor prokofi ratianis mosazrebas, romelic damajereblad
meCvena. moviyvan giorgi III-is dros sadao qalaq anisisaTvis brZolis magaliTs.
anisis sasuliero wodeba da episkoposi momxre iyvnen imisa, rom qalaqi
gadacemoda qarTvel mefes. Aamitom giorgi III-m didi TanxiT gamoisyida
episkoposis Zma tyveobidan, Semdeg ki igi anisis amirad daniSna (1174-75). Cven
SesaZleblad migvaCnia, rom anisel sasuliero pirTa msgavsad Tbilel
sasuliero pirebsac SeeZloT sadavo dedaqalaqi mefisaTvis gadaecaT.
14. qalbatoni giuli brZanebs: ~mkvlevari Tavis mosazrebas, rom daviTis
dros ~Camoyalibda Teokratiulis msgavsi qarTuli saxelmwifo~ asabuTebs,
magram am azris gaziareba misi argumentaciiT Znelia.
cxadia me ar vamtkiceb, rom daviT aRmaSeneblis dros qarTuli
saxelmwifo Teokratiuli saxisa iyo, magram zogierTi mkvlevaris
TvalsazrisiT qarTul eklesias gaaCnda garkveuli saxelmwifoebrivi Tvisebebi.
ivane javaxiSvili wers: ~saqarTvelos eklesias, iseve rogorc romis eklesias
saxelmwifo, cxovrebasa da weswyobilebaSi gansakuTrebuli upiratesobani
hqonda mopovebuli da miniWebuli, romelTa wyalobiTac mas marto wminda
saeklesio dawesebulebis xasiaTi ki ar hqonda, aramed saxelmwifoebrivi
sxeulisa da erTeulis Tvisebebic moepoveboda~ (t. VI, 1982, gv.67).
albaT, iman, rom qarTul eklesias saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulisa da
erTeulis Tvisebebi moepoveboda, qarTul saxelmwifoebriv sistemas misca
Taviseburi xasiaTi. daviT aRmaSenebelma ZiriTadi saxelmwifo uwyebani
(saSinao, finansTa, samxedro) uSualod Caabara eklesiis ierarqs vazirs
Wyondidel episkoposs, mwignobarTuxucess ekava umaRlesi sasamarTlo-saajo
kari. ivane javaxiSvili wers - ~Wyondideli mwignobarTuxucesi da vazirTa
upirvelesi faqtiurad mefis moadgile da saxelmwifos mTeli marTva gamgeobis
namdvili saWeTmpyrobeli iyo, romelsac ~karis garigeba~ mefis mamasac ki
uwodebs~ (t. VII, 1984, gv. 113). Semdgom moxda ise, rom Tamaris mefobis
22
dasawyisSi kaTalikosma miqaelma Tavis xelSi aiRo zemoT aRniSnuli
Tanamdebobani – Wyondidel-mwignobaruxucesoba. amis gamo igi, niko
berZeniSvilis sityviT, ~faqtiuri gamge unda gamxdariyo samefosi~ (n. berZen.
t. IX, 1979, gv. 198). aman ki Searyia mefis uflebani. ivane javaxiSvili
ganagrZobs: ~miqaels, viTarca erTdroulad eklesiis mesaWesa da amave dros
vazirTa upirveless, saxelmwifo xelisuflebis xelSi Cagdebac surda. mis
daukiTxavad mefes araferi ar unda gaekeTebina, amitom miqaels, amieridan TviT
mefezec ki Zala da xelisuflba eqneboda... miqaeli saero-saxelmwifo da
saeklesio xelisuflebis mqonebeli da gamaerTianebeli iyo... es garemoeba
saxelmwifosa da saero cxovrebaSi aucileblad eklesiis gabatonebas
moaswavebda... es saistorio mecnierebaSi wodebuls cezaropapizms udrida da
romis eklesiis uflebriv Semecnebas miemsgavseboda~ (t.VII, gv. 115)
aseT viTarebaSi ki safuZveli Caeyara eklesiis ierarqebis saxelmwifo
sistemis meTaurebad gadaqcevis Semdeg, rac daviTis dros moxda. amitomac
vwerdiT, rom Camoyalibda ara Teokratiuli, aramed masTan mimsgavsebuli
saxelmwifoebrivi sistema. unda iTqvas, rom qarTuli eklesiisaTvis miuRebeli
iyo cezaropapizmi, amitomac miqael kaTalikosis aRniSnuli mtaceblobis
Sesakaveblad Tamaris dros moiwvies sagangbo saeklesio kreba, romelmac dagmo
miqaelis qmedeba, magram misTvis saxeloebis CamorTmeva ver SeZlo.
15. aTabagobis institutTan dakavSirebiT veTanxmebi pativcemul oponents,
rom saqarTvelos dasustebis mizezebi bevrad Rrma iyo. maT Soris, albaT,
erTerTi iyo aTabagis saxelos SemoReba, XII s. Sua wlebidan aSkarad
gamoikveTa maTi separatistuli tendenciebi.
16. qalbatoni giuli wers: ~naSromSi aRniSnulia, TiTqos Temur lengma
Camoasaxla osebi saqarTveloSi~, amasTanave ar aris miTiTebuli wyaro,
ramdenadac viciT. am cnobis wyaro arc arsebobs~.
pativcemul oponents movaxseneb, rom vaxuSti batoniSvilis mixedviT, is
teritoria, romelsac Semdgom CerqezeTi ewoda, Tavdapirvelad dasaxlebuli
yofila osebiT, maT Sesaxeb vaxuSti wers: ~Semdgomad lang-Temurisa emZlvren
ovsTa iqiT TaTarxani da aqeT langTemuris elni mahmadianni da ovsni
Semoiltvodnen kavkasiasa Sina da daipyres kavkasTa naTesavni, romel arian
dualni~ (q.c. IV, gv.655).
23
maSasadame, istorikosis sityviT, osebis ZiriTadi nakadi dvaleTSi Sevida
Temur-lengis Semdgom Crdilokavkasiis baridan maTi gaZevebis Sedegad. dvaleTi
ki mudamJams saqarTvelos saxelmwifos nawili iyo. vaxuStis sityviT, osebma
SeZles damorCilebuli dvalebis gaoseba, Semdgom gaosebuli dvalebi TandaTan
qarTlis mTianeTsa da barSic damkvidrdnen. dvaleTi qarTl-kaxeTis samefosTan
erTad SeierTa ruseTis imperiam da amitom dvaleTi e.w. nar-mamisonis qvabuli
XIX s.-Sic ki Tbilisis guberniis nawils Seadgenda. mxolod am saukunis 50-ian
wlebSi CamoaSores igi Tbilisis gubernias. amitomac osebis dvaleTSi
Casaxleba unda CaiTvalos maT saqarTveloSi Casaxlebad, romelic Temur-
lengis Semdeg momxdara vaxuStis sityviT.
17. Semdgomi SeniSvna pativcemuli oponentisa Seexeba rostom mefis
Sefasebis sakiTxs.
aRsaniSnavia, rom rostom mefis dros qarTli ekonomikurad da
kulturulad gaZlierda, qveyana damSvidda, magram miuxedavad amisa,
saqarTvelos eklesia rostomis moRvaweobas uaryofiTad afasebda Semdegi
mizezebis gamo. man xeli Seaxo saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis evdemoz
diasamiZes, Seipyro, cixeSi daaxrCobina da Semdeg cixis koSkidan
gadmoagdebina. es gaugonari ambavi iyo qarTvelTaTvis. kaTalikosi evdemosi
qarTuli eklesiis wmindania Tavdadebuli sarwmunoebis gamo. ufro adre meore
kaTalikoss, cnobil moRvawes, zaqarias, rostomma aseve daatovebina
sakaTalikoso taxti. magram kidev ufro xazgasasmeli momentia is, rom
saxelmwifoSi mTavari, upiratesi eklesiis adgili, romelic Cvens eklesias
eWira meoTxe saukunidan – anulirebul iqna rostomis dros. rostomma gaauqma
qarTuli eklesiis upiratesoba saqarTveloSi arsebul sxva araerovnul
eklesiebTan SedarebiT. rostomma pirvelad aTaswleulis Semdeg daamcro
saqarTvelos eklesia, uflebrivad igi gauTanabra sxva, ukve momZlavrebul
eklesiebs. rostomis politika aqac kompromisuli iyo, oRond qarTuli
eklesiis uflebaTa sazianod. igi, viTarca iraneli moxele, valdebuli iyo
mzrunveloba gamoeCina somxuri eklesiis mimarT, loialuri yofiliyo romis
eklesiis warmomadgenelTa mimarTac da, amasTanave, rogorc qarTveli mefe
valdebuli iyo mzrunveloba gamoemJRavnebina qarTuli eklesiis mimarTac
(mcxeTis taZris gumbaTis ageba, sionis restavracia), magram mis dros daikarga
eklesiis mTavari ufleba, qarTuli eklesia uflebrivad gauTanabrda sxva
24
araqarTul eklesiebs da man dakarga qveyanaSi umTavresi da upirvelesi
eklesiis adgili.
amasTanave, mematianis sityviT, rostomis dros miiRo tyveTa syidvam ukve
Camoyalibebuli saxe. kerZod, Tu ki iqamde, mahmadianTa moTxovniT qarTveli
mefeebi maT xarkis saxiT ugzavnidnen araqarTul tyveebs, axla rostomma
tyveebad ~gamoiyvana qarTvelTa glexTa, aznaurTa, didebulTa asulni da Zeni
da mas gaugzavnida, amieridan daidva ese da yovlni mefeni saqarTvelosani
esreT hyofden, vidre modReindel dRemde~ (q.c. II. gv. 425). mematianis sityviT,
rostomis dros ~mouZlurda sjuli da ganiryvna wesi eklesiisa, rameTu arRa
eZieben suliersa, aramed xorcTaTvis zrunvidnen yovelnive~ (gv. 425). Seicvala
erovnuli wes-Cveulebebi da tradiciebi: ~mas Jamsa iwyo qarTlis wesman da
rigman gardacvaleba~ (gv. 424). mis dros ~gaZlierdnen TaTarni da kadnierebdnen
qarTvelTa zeda~.
ra Tqma unda, didad dasafasebelma da qveynisaTvis sasargeblo
ekonomikurma aRmavlobam moiTxova vaWar-xelosanTa ricxvis mkveTri gazrda.
imdroindeli viTarebis Sesabamisad es fena somxur-monofizituri
aRmsareblobisa unda yofiliyo. qarTvelTa eklesiis uflebaTa SekvecasTan
erTad, albaT, aRniSnulic iyo erTerTi mizezi, imisa, rom TviTmxilvelis
TqmiT, rostomis dros yoveldRiurad mravali qarTveli iRebda monofizitur
sarwmunoebas.
swored ase ganacxada qarTvelma episkoposma nikoloz ColoyaSvilma
rostomis karze sasamarTlo procesis dros, kerZod, man brZana: ~yoveldRe
Cvenis TvaliT vxedavT, rom mravalni qarTvelni somxdebian~ (m. TamaraSvili,
istoria kaTolikobisa, gv. 127). vaxuStis istoriis arsebuli 1908 wlis erTi
CanarTis mixedviT am dros Tbilisis mmarTveloba CamoerTva qarTvel SoiS
baraTaSvils da gadaeca somex baadur Tumanians (q.c. IV. gv. 445).
marTalia, es ukanasknelic eTnikuri warmoSobiT qarTveli unda
yofiliyo da mxolod aRmsareblobiT ~somexi~, magram am momentis Semdeg
TbilisSi somxuri eklesiis mrevli Zalze gaizarda, cxadia, qarTuli eklesiis
sazaralod. rac Seexeba meCeTebis mSeneblobas, mematianes sityviT, meCeTebi
auSenebiaT rostomis dros Tbilisis cixeSi, meore augiaT xevis gamoRma, erTic
samefo sasaxleSi da agreTve qalaqis mTavar baRSi. Tumca, albaT, cxadia,
pativiscemas imsaxurebs rostomis moRvaweoba qveynis dasamSvideblad.
25
18. mTlianad veTanxmebi qalbaton giulis Sefasebas farsadan gorgijaniZis
didi Rvawlis Sesaxeb. me misi moxsenieba damWirda mxolod epoqis suraTis
dasaxatavad da gavimeore ivane javaxiSvilis sityvebi mis Sesaxeb: ~swored
ganmacvifrebeli da daujerebeli ramaa, rom saistorio cnobebi imdroindel
saqarTvelos ganaTlebul wreebs, romelTa ricxvs ekuTvnoda rostom mefis
maxlobeli kaci, istorikosi farsadan gorgijaniZe, maxinjaT hqoniaT
dazepirebuli... vaxtang gorgasali mirian mefis Svili iyoo. es SemTxveviTi
Secdoma ar aris, avtori sruliad darwmunebuli yofila, rom mirian mefe
vaxtang gorgasalis mama iyo. aseT maRalxarisxovan da mefis maxlobel
moxeles da istorikoss, rogoric iyo farsadan gorgijaniZe, ase domxaliviT
hqonia areuli samSoblo qveynis warsuli da Tavgadasavali... maSin danarCens
xalxs Cveulebrivs, SuaTana SeZlebisa da codnis patrons, raRa warmodgena
unda hqonoda? rasakvirvelia araferi (t. VIII, gv. 289).
rogorc aRvniSne, aRniSnulis gadmocema mesaWiroeboda im fonis
dasaxatad, romelzec ufro gamoCndeboda rostomis momdevno qarTlis
mmarTvel muxranel bagrationTa didi mamuliSviloba da samecniero muSaoba,
me vgulisxmob giorgi XI-s, arCil mefes, vaxtang VI-s, anton kaTalikoss,
vaxuStisa da am saxelovani ojaxis sxva wevrebs, am ojaxTan daaxloebul pirTa
gasaocar mamuliSvilobasa, Rvawlsa da codnas, romelTa wreSic warmoiSva
idea saqarTvelos ~gamoxsnisa da aRdgomisa~.
sabolood, unda iTqvas, rom mTlianad viziareb qalbaton giulis im
SeniSvnebs, romelTac amJamad ar vpasuxob, gansakuTrebiT ki mosazrebebs
TariRebTan dakavSirebiT. Tu xelmeored gamoicema aRniSnuli wigni aRniSnuli
SeniSvnebis gaTvaliswinebiT igi ufro daxvewil saxes miiRebs.
uRrmesad vmadlob da vlocav Zvirfas qalbaton giulis im didi
SromisaTvis, romelic gawia Cemi naSromis gansaxilvelad. gmadlobT.
26
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtor vaxtang goilaZis recenzia
mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis sadisertacio naSromze ~saqarTvelos
samociqulo eklesiis istoria Sua saukuneebSi (XII_XVIII ss.)~
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wminda sinodis wevri, walka-manglisis
eparqiis mTavarepiskoposi meufe anania jafariZe ukve mravali monografiis
avtoria. mas, rogorc sasuliero moRvawesa da saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis
mkvlevars, kargad icnobs qarTveli mkiTxveli da samecniero sazogadoeba.
anania jafariZis mier samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenili
naSromi mis mier Sesrulebuli uzarmazari gamokvlevis (romlis ori tomi
gamoqveynda 1996, 1998 wlebSi) mokle variantia. amTaviTve minda aRvniSno, rom
mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis mier samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad
warmodgenili naSromi, Sinaarsis mravalferovnebiT, ganxilul sakiTxTa
nusxiT, rac mTavaria moculobiT (igi 320 nabeWd gverds moicavs), bevrad
aRemateba saatestacio debulebiT sakandidato xarisxis mosapoveblad
gaTvaliswinebuli naSromis raodenobas. saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis
istoriis aseTi vrceli da yovlismomcveli gamokvleva qarTul
istoriografiaSi pirvelad Seiqmna da am metad saintereso naSromis avtori,
rogorc iTqva, sasuliero piria. es imas niSnavs, rom saqarTvelos
sapatriarqoSi arian kadrebi, romelTac unari SeswevT aRadginon is tradicia,
roca qarTveli sasuliero moRvaweebi sayovelTaod aRiarebuli monografiebis
avtorebad gvevlinebodnen. sakvalifikacio naSromi mravalricxovan saistorio
wyarosa da samecniero literaturaze dayrdnobiTaa Sesrulebuli. masSi
dasmuli da ganxiluli sakiTxebi meufe ananias saqarTvelos istoriis
Semadgenel nawilebad miaCnia. rogorc igi wers: ~qarTveli eris istorias ver
gaviziarebT qarTuli eklesiis monawileobis gareSe da piriqiT, istoria
qarTuli eklesiisa aris istoria qarTveli qristiani erisa.
marTalia, - dasZens meufe anania, - qarTvel xalxs erovnuli erTianobis
Segneba ukve qristianobamde didi xniT adre hqonda, magram imis Semdeg, rac
yovelma qarTvelma qristianuli sarwmunoeba miiRo da Seiyvara, eris istoria
qarTuli eklesiis gareSe warmoudgenelia~ (gv. 287).
saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg, rogorc cnobilia,
interesi qarTuli eklesiis warsulisadmi gansakuTrebiT gaizarda, aRaraa is
27
viTareba, romelic aferxebda erovnuli eklesiis istoriis kvlevas. Tu ar
CavTvliT calkeul saJurnalo gamokvlevebs an monografiaTa calkeul Tavebs,
romelTa avtorebi arian: iv. javaxiSvili, k. kekeliZe, b. lominaZe, z. aleqsiZe
da sxvani, sabWoebis samocdaaTwliani diqtaturis xanaSi qarTuli eklesiis
istoriis Sesaxeb arcerTi monografia ar gamocemula. warmodgenili
sadisertacio naSromi ki saSualebas gvaZlevs Tvali gavadevnoT saqarTvelos
samociqulo eklesiis istorias qristianobis pirveli saukuneebidan dRemde.
masSi dasmuli da gaanalizebuli sakiTxebi saTanado donezea Sesrulebuli.
ase, rom naSromis aqtualoba eWvs ar iwvevs.
sagangebod unda aRiniSnos naSromis wyaroTmcodneobiTi baza. avtori
Rrmad icnobs disertaciaSi ganxiluli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb arsebul qarTul
da ucxoenovan saistorio wyaroebs. maT cnobebs iyenebs saTanado kritikuli
analizisa da konkretul sakiTxTa Sesaxeb samecniero literaturaSi
gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis
mier kvlevisas miRebuli araerTi daskvna originaluri da sayuradReboa.
yovelive aRniSnuli disertantis mecnierul alRoze da kvlevis unarze
migviTiTebs. Cvens winaSea gamobrZmedili istorikosi-mkvlevari, romelsac
xelewifeba saqarTvelos eklesiis araerTi rTuli sakiTxi axleburad
warmoaCinos.
qarTuli eklesiis istoria, rogorc aRiniSna, qarTuli
saxelmwifoebrivobis istoriis nawilia da sadisertacio naSromSi
saqarTvelos samociquli eklesiis istoria saqarTvelos istoriasTan mWidro
kavSirSi da mis fonzea gamocemuli. aRniSnuli garemoeba, vfiqrob, naSromis
erT-erT Rirsebad unda CaiTvalos. adreqristianuli xanidan moyolebuli
dRemde araa darCenili, rogorc saqarTvelos, ise qarTuli eklesiis istoriis
metad Tu naklebad aqtualuri problema, romlis Sesaxebac disertants Tavisi
Tvalsazrisi ara hqondes gamoTqmuli, kvlevis mizani da amocana meufe ananias
ase aqvs gansazRvruli: I. saqarTvelos eklesia warmoadgens msoflio
(sayovelTao) eklesiis ganuyofel nawils, amitom misi istoria msoflio
eklesiis istoriasTan kavSirSi unda ganvixiloT. II. miuxedavad imisa, rom
qristianuli eklesiis istoria saRvTismetyvelo mecnierebaTa jgufSi Sedis,
igi saero mecnierebacaa, amitom saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria qarTveli eris
istoriis Semadgenel nawils warmoadgens. III. saero istoriisagan gansxvavebiT
28
eklesiis istoria xalxis sulieri gadarCenisaTvis gaweul Rvawls warmoaCens.
eklesiis istorikoss evaleba Sekribos saWiro faqtebi da istoriuli
monacemebi, kritikulad Seiswavlos isini, daadginos maTi namdviloba, ukuagdos
nayalbevi, aCvenos saeWvo, amis Semdeg ki yvela mopovebuli masala mkacri
qronologiuri TanmidevrobiT gadmosces (gv. 107-108).
dRemde, rogorc cnobilia, ar iyo Seqmnili saqarTvelos eklesiis
istoria uZvelesi xanidan Cvens dromde, amitom, cxadia, misi periodizaciiT arc
aravin dainteresebula. sadisertacio naSromSi am mxriv pirveli nabijia
gadadgmuli. meufe ananias Tanaxmad, msoflio eklesiis msgavsad qarTuli
eklesiis istoriac sam – Zvel, Sua da axal periodebad unda daiyos. pirveli
periodi moicavs xanas I saukunidan XI s. 80-ian wlebamde. Sua periodi XI s. 80-
iani wlebidan XVIII s. bolomde da axali xana XIX s. 10-iani wlebidan dRemde
(gv. 110). TiToeuli periodi, Tavis mxriv, ramdenime qveetapadaa dayofili (gv.
110-113) da disertaciaSi Txroba am periodebis mixedviTaa gadmocemuli (gv. 114
da Semdeg).
axla rac Seexeba naSromis Sinaarss. disertaciis paragrafi ~qarTveli
xalxis momzadeba macxovris misaRebad~ (gv. 159-161) kargi magaliTia imisa,
bibliuri cnobebi rogor SeiZleba gamoviyenoT saqarTvelos uZvelesi, kerZod,
amierkavkasiasa da wina aziaSi skviTebisa da kimerielebis laSqrobis
Tanadrouli istoriis aRsadgenad. rogorc meufe anania wers, ~Zveli aRTqma
udidesi winaswarmetyvelis ezekielis piriT gamoTqmuli uflis sityva
qarTvelTa winaprebisac – Tubals, meSeqsa da Togormasac Seexo~.
Zvel ebraelTa erT-erTi winaswarmetyveli ezekieli, rogorc cnobilia,
nabuqodonosor meorem (604-562) 586 wels ierusalimis aRebis Semdeg mraval
ebraelTan erTad babilonSi gadaasaxla. mis winaswarmetyvelebaSi miTiTebulia
momavalSi iudevelTa mtrebis damarcxebis Sesaxeb (qse, t.4, st. ezekieli. avt.
mz. SaniZe). meufe ananias Tanaxmad, romelnic israelze laSqrobis gamo
daisajnen (gv. 139).
CrdiloeTis tomebis laSqrobis Sesaxeb ieremia winaswarmetyvelic wers:
~aha movuxmob CrdiloeTis yvela toms, ambobs ufali, da avamxedreb am
qveyanaze, mis mcxovreblebze da irgvliv yvela xalxze (ieremia, 25,9).
am laSqrobisaTvis, rogorc winaswarmetyvelebi werdnen, yvela rom
daisajon, maT Soris qarTvelTa is winaprebi, romlebic samxreTSi cxovrobdnen
29
meufe ananias Tanaxmad, evsevi kesarielis im cnobidan, romelSic moTxrobilia
nabuqodonosoris mier iberielTa damarcxebis, datyvevebisa da gadasaxlebis
Sesaxeb (gv. 141).
Zv. w. VIII s. 30-ian wlebSi, rogorc cnobilia, meotidis gziT Semosulma
skviTebma da kimerielebma jer kolxeTis samefo gaanadgures, Semdeg ki wina
aziiis saxelmwifoebs didi ziani miayenes. maTi laSqrobis damangreveli Zala
sul ufro da ufro didi xdeboda, radgan gzadagza damarcxebul xalxebs m.S.
qarTvelTa winaprebsac ierTebdnen. amis Sesaxeb qarTul istoriografiaSi
miTiTebuli iyo (g. meliqiSvilis saq. ist. nark. I, gv. 394), magram bibliaze
dayrdnobiT meufe ananiam es pirvelma gaakeTa. kimerielTa laSqrobaSi
qarTvelTa winaprebic rom monawileobdnen, amis dasturad meufe ananias
motanili aqvs winaswarmetyvel ezekielis sityvebi: ~uTxari, ase ambobda ufali
RmerTi: aha, Senze var gog, roSis, muSeqis da Tubilis mTavari! gagabruneb da
ybaSi Cangals amogdeb. Togoris saxls CrdiloeTis kideebidan mTeli Tavisi
urdoTi, uricxvi xalxurT SenTan erTad (32,96).
am cnobis Semdeg meufe ananias moaqvs Teodorite kvirilis ganmarteba
~georgikidan~ (t.I, gv. 223), rom ~gog da magog skviTuri tomebia, xolo mosox,
amboben kapadokulebi ariano, Tobil ki iberielebio da winaswarmetyveli
ambobs, isini skviTebTan erTad laSqrobdnen... iZulebuli gaxdes monawileoba
mieRoT omSi~.
meufe ananias mier Teodorites cnobis saTanado bibliur monacemebze
dayrdnobiT gamoyenebam axali niuansi SesZina Zv. w. VIII s.
bibliaSi kargadaa asaxuli kimerielTa laSqrobebSi qarTvelTa
winaprebis Tobalebisa da muSqebis monawileoba.
sadisertacio naSromis erT-erT siaxled unda CaiTvalos mociqulTa
droindeli saqarTvelos istoriis gadmocema. rasac am bolo xanebamde
yuradReba ar eqceoda. I-II siebSi saqarTvelos teritoriaze mociqulTa
mimosvlisa da qadagebis Sesaxeb Zvel wyaroebSi arsebuli masala, mas Semdeg
rac 1900 wels iv. javaxiSvilma andria pirvelwodebulis qarTlSi Semosvla
uaryo (im xanad aseTi Sexeduleba mxolod patrma avrelio palmierim ar
gaiziara), ase, siRrmiT aravis ukvlevia. ax. w. I-II s-ebis saqarTvelos istoriis
es metad mniSvnelovani sakiTxi uyuradRebod iyo mitovebuli. ra Tqma unda,
yovelive imaze, rac saqarTvelos istoriasa da qarTuli eklesiis fesvebis
30
kvlevas naTels mohfens, uaris Tqma ar SeiZleba. umciresi masalac ki saTanado
gaanalizebis Semdeg qarTuli kulturis samsaxurSi unda iqnas Cayenebuli.
swored am mxriv miudga meufe anania saqarTveloSi mociqulTa Semosvlis
sakiTxs.
saqarTveloSi mociqulTa Semosvlis Sesaxeb, garda imisa, rom
debejiTebiT miuTiTebs qarTuli werilobiTi saistorio tradicia, am faqtis
Sesaxeb garkveuli miTiTebebia Zvel berZen da laTin avtorebTan. amitom kargia,
rom sadisertacio naSromSi es sakiTxi farTod da amomwuravadaa
warmodgenili. detaluradaa gaangariSebuli saqarTveloSi mociqulTa
Semosvlis gzebi da maTi qadagebis geografiuli areali (gv. 148-153).
unda aRvniSnoT, rom saqarTveloSi mociqulTa moRvaweobis sakiTxs me
eWviT vuyurebdi, magram ar SeiZleba ar daeTanxmo meufe ananias mosazrebas,
saqarTveloTi mociqulTa dainteresebas I-II s-ebSi qarTlis samefos siZlieres
rom unda ganepirobebina. meufe anania aCvenebs, rom mociqulTa epoqaSi (I s. 30-
iani wlebidan II s. 60-iani wlebis CaTvliT) saqarTvelo sididiTa da simZlariT
daviT aRmaSeneblisa da Tamaris saqarTvelos Seedreboda (gv. 148-149). swored
aRniSnulis gamo iyoo ~romaeli istorikosebi tacitusi, dion kasiusi da sxvebi
siamovnebiT rom UuTmobdnen TavianT TxzulebebSi adgils iberiis sisxlsavse
cxovrebis aRweras, xolo Sua saukuneTa evropelebi antikuri drois iberias
ukeT rom cnobdnen, vidre TavianTi drois saqarTvelos~ (gv. 148).
ikvlevs ra istoriuli saqarTvelos teritoriaze mociqulTa Semosvlis
sakiTxs, meufe anania askvnis: istorikosTa cnobebi gvidastureben, rom
sxvadasxva dros saqarTveloSi uqadagiaT mociqulebs: andrias, svimons,
mataTas, barTlomes, Tomas da Tadeozs (gv. 153). Semdeg iqve daaskvnis: ~Tormet
mociqulTagan eqvsi mociqulis saqarTveloSi qadageba gasaocrad ar
mogveCveneba, Tu gavixsenebT, rom iberiis saxelmwifo mociqulTa dros mTel
kavkasias da mcire aziis provinciebs moicavda... mcire azia ki qarTvelebiT iyo
dasaxlebulio~ (gv. 153).
marTlac, im vrcel teritorias Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, sadac Zvelad
qarTveluri modgmis tomebi iyvnen gansaxlebulni, SeiZleba meufe ananias
mtkicebaSi eWvi ar Segveparos. magaliTad, andria pirvelwodebuli sulac rom
ar Semosuliyo sakuTriv qarTlis teritoriaze, misi trapizonSi yofna da
qadageba (gv. 152), meore mxriv ki Zvel wyaroebSi trapizonis ~megrelTa
31
soflad~ da ~megrelTa qveynad~ moxsenieba, srul safuZvels gvaZlevs, andria
qarTvelTa erT-erT ganmanaTleblad miviCnioT. albaT, ase unda mivudgeT sxva
mociqulTa moRvaweobis sakiTxsac. aRniSnulTan erTad, simon kananelis
saflavi Tu axal aTonSi, mataTasi ki gonioSi imyofeba, maSin cxadia, I-II
saukuneebis qarTlis samefo, saerTod qarTulenovani samyaro is mxare yofila,
romelic qristes mowafebis sayovelTao interess iwvevda. ase, rom meufe
ananias mier mociqulTa Sesaxeb motanili masalis safuZvelze miRebuli
daskvnebi originaluria, ufro metic, saqarTveloSi mociqulTa moRvaweobis
Sesaxeb naSromSi motanili masaliT meufe anania miznad isaxavs, sxva kidev
ufro didi problemis gadawyvetas. kerZod, mociqulTa mier ax.w. I-II s-ebis
saqarTveloSi qristianobis danergva meufe ananias safuZvels aZlevs
mociqulTa droindeli saqarTvelos eklesia avtokefalurad miiCnios (gv. 154).
naSromSi dasabuTebulia im droisaTvis aseTi gziT warmoqmnili eklesiis
avtokefaluroba da Tanasworuflebianoba. saTanado masaliT Semagrebul aseT
mosazrebas avtori XII s. cnobili bizantieli kanonistis Teodore balsamonis
komentariT adasturebs.
adreqristianuli xanis am metad mniSvnelovan sakiTxs qvemoT kidev
Sevexebi. axla ki oriod sityviT qarTlis moqcevis TariRze.
saqarTvelos eklesiis gadmocemisas, ra Tqma unda, vercerTi mkvlevari
gverds ver auvlis adreqristianuli saqarTvelos eklesiis iseT kardinalur
sakiTxs, rogoricaa qarTlSi qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadeba.
meufe ananiam es sakiTxi ganixila paragrafSi ~gza qristianobisa I saukunidan
wminda ninomde~ (gv. 166-169). saqarTveloSi I s-dan rom qristianoba arsebobda,
meufe ananias mtkicebiT, am mxriv saistorio wyaroTa cnobebiT arqeologiuri
gaTxrebiT mopovebuli masaliT dasturdeba. moqcevis Cemeburi daTariReba
misaRebad miaCnia.
meufe anania kiTxvas svams: ~romel wels Semovida wminda nino
saqarTveloSi da gaaqristiana mTeli qarTveli xalxi? es saintereso sakiTxi, -
dasZens igi, - Zalze damajereblad gaarkvia istorikosma vaxtang goilaZem. misi
msjelobis Tanaxmad, wm. nino saqarTveloSi 303 wels Semovida. 317/318 wlebSi
qarTlis samefo karma qristianoba saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad aRiara, xolo 324
wels xalxi masiurad moinaTla. meufe anania iqve ganmartavs, rom qarTlis
moqcevas 317 wliT aTariRebda vaxuSti bagrationi. mis Tvalsazriss iziarebda
32
d. baqraZe da iv. gvaramaZe. xolo p. ioselians, g. sabininsa da r. caamcievs
qarTlis moqcevis TariRad 318 weli miaCniaTo da dasZens: 317/318 wels qarTlSi
qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb v. goilaZis msjeloba
Zalze damajerebelia, amitom unda aRdges vaxuSti bagrationis mier
gamorkveuli TariRi da qarTlis moqceva 317/318 wlebiT daTariRdes, xolo
qarTuli eklesiis organizacia da xalxis naTvla 324-326 wlebiT (gv. 169).
naSromSi yuradReba gamaxvilebulia qarTuli avtokefaluri eklesiis
iseT mniSvnelovan sakiTxze, rogoricaa kaTalikosebad qarTvelebis dajdoma.
vaxtang gorgasalsa da qarTlis eklesiis meTauris miqaels Soris momxdari
konfliqtis gaanalizebis Semdeg meufe anania wers: vaxtang gorgasalma ineba,
rom qarTuli eklesia mowyobiliyo, rogorc erTiani centralizebuli
samamamTavro eklesia. e.i. dedaqalaqis (mcxeTis) episkoposi saqarTvelos
eklesiisaTvis sayovelTao episkoposi, anu kaTalikosi gaxda. pirvel
kaTalikoss petres mamamTavari ewodeba, ~aqedan iwyes kaTalikosTa
mamamTavrobad~-o, dasZens meufe anania.
naSromis IV TavSi ~qarTuli eklesia VI saukuneSi~ mravali masalaa
motanili am saukuneSi qarTuli mdgomareobis saCveneblad. saubaria iranelTa
mier qarTlSi mefobis gauqmebaze (gv. 202-206), axsnilia, Tu ratom mfarvelobda
irani monofizitebs da, aqedan gamomdinare, somxur eklesias (gv. 203). ratom iyo
saeklesio ena qarTuli hereTsa, gugarqsa da dasavleT saqarTveloSi (gv. 207-
215). amave TavSi calke paragrafia ~asureli mamebi monofizitobis winaaRmdeg~
(gv. 6). aRniSnul paragrafSi meufe anania wers: ~romel wels Camovidnen
asureli mamebi saqarTveloSi, rogori sarwmunoebivi mimarTulebisa iyo
qarTuli eklesia am dros da rogori mdgomareoba Seiqmna maTi moRvaweobis
dasasruls?
ai kiTxvebi, romlebic pasuxis gacemas moiTxoven (gv. 219) da pasuxobs,
rom T. Jordania, iv. javaxiSvili da k. kekeliZe rusul istoriografiaSi
asurel mamaTa Sesaxeb Seqmnil naSromebze dayrdnobiT, maT Semosvlas 540-iani
wlebiT aTariRebeno (gv. 219).
asureli mamebidan erTi mama antoni, marTlac, 544 wels Semovida
qarTlSi, magram danarCenebze amas ver vityvi. isini qarTlSi Semovidnen ufro
adre, farsman mefis dros 535 wlis xanaSi. am sakiTxis Sesaxeb am bolo xans
gamoqveynda Cemi werili (~saidan da rodis movidnen asureli mamebi
33
saqarTveloSi~, ~mnaTobi, 1992 #5-6) da d. merkvilaZis broSura (asurel mamaTa
qarTlSi mosvlis dro, Tb. 1996).
mecxre TavSi - ~qarTuli eklesia XII saukuneSi~ gaanalizebulia daviT
aRmaSeneblis xanis saqarTvelos saeklesio cxovreba, giorgi Wyondidelis
moRvaweoba. aqve naCvenebia, Tu ras unda gamoewvia legendis Seqmna mefe-
mRvdelmTavar ioaneze (gv. 221-225). amave TavSi araerTi saintereso paragrafia.
mag., ~eklesia qarTuli qveynebis gamaerTianebeli~ (gv. 233).
masSi aRniSnulia, rom ~saqarTvelos gaerTianebamde sxvadasxva qarTul
politikur erTeulebs faqtobrivad qarTuli eklesia aerTianebda~ (gv. 236).
amave TavSi mniSvnelovania ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebisadmi miZRvnili
paragrafi. meufe ananias daskvniT, 1103 wels moxda ara saxelmwifos mier
eklesiis uprecedento damorCileba, aramed Seikra raRac kavSiri saxelmwifosa
da umaRles saeklesio mTavrobas Soris. Camoyalibda Teokratiulis msgavsi
qarTuli saxelmwifo~ (gv. 240), rom DdaviT aRmaSeneblis dros ~saxelmwifo
mmarTvelobis sistemas saTaveSi Caudga oTxi monazoni, anu `oTxi beri~,
romlebic darbazis umaRlesi wevrebi iyvnen. ruis-urbisis krebis Semdeg, -
dasZens meufe anania, - marTalia, daviT aRmaSenebelma miaRwia imas, rom man
moipova uflebebi eklesiaze (saq. ist. narkvevebi, III, gv. 216), magram, Tavis mxriv,
eklesiam moipova uzenaesi ufleba – emarTa saxelmwifo saqmeebi. maSasadame,
daviT aRmaSenebelma es ori ~xeli~ gaaerTiana~ (iqve, gv. 218).
meufe ananias naSromidan zemomotanili msjeloba, marTlac, imis naTeli
magaliTia, rogorc TviT wers, qarTveli eris istorias qarTuli eklesiis
istoriis gareSe rom ver gaviazrebT.
naSromSi aseve kargadaa gaanalizebuli Tamar mefis xanis saeklesio
cxovreba (gv. 245-212), qarTuli eklesiis mdgomareoba Semdeg saukuneebSi. aq
yuradRebaa gamaxvilebuli, Tu erTiani qarTuli monarqiis daSlam rogor
ganapiroba Temobrivi Segnebis aRorZineba (gv. 303 da Semdegi), saubaria
evropuli (kaTolikuri) da rusuli orientaciis da misi kraxis Sesaxeb (gv. 333-
339), rogor mimdinareobda brZola ~gamoxsnis~ da aRdgomisaTvis~ (gv. 329-332).
naCvenebia, didi kaTolikosis – anton I-is epoqa (gv. 354-356).
saqarTvelos teritoriaze warmoqmnili calkeuli politikuri
erTeulebis gaerTianebaze saubrisas meufe anania, vfiqrob, samarTlianad
askvnis, rom ~TviT saqarTvelos gaerTianebamde sxvadasxva qarTul politikur
34
erTeulebs qarTuli eklesia aerTianebda~ (gv. 236). es daskvna, rogorc vxedavT,
qarTvelTa erovnuli erTianobis Sesaxeb X s. qarTuli mwerlis giorgi
merCules mowodebas ~qarTlad friadi qveyana...~ exmaureba da adasturebs.
paragrafSi ~yivCaRTa Camosaxleba~ (gv. 233-240), meufe anania im daskvnamde
midis, rom saqarTveloSi yivCaRebis asimilacia ar momxdara. rogorc am bolo
xans profesorma jemal stefnaZem gaarkvia, yivCaRebi isev Crd. kavkasiaSi unda
gabrunebuliyvnen (ix. misi, sad wavidnen yivCaRebi?, ~mnaTobi~, 1988 #4).
gareSe mtrebis Tavdasxmisagan qveynis dasustebis miuxedavad meufe
ananias naCvenebi aqvs, rom XIV s. saqarTvelos monastrebSi SemoqmedebiTi
muSaoba grZeldeboda.
am dros Seiqmna originaluri qarTuli Txzulebani – luka ierusalimisa
da nikoloz dvalis martvilobani, Sedga krebulebi, Segrovili iqna
xelnawerebi (gv. 278).
saqarTvelos eklesia siZlieres inarCunebda XV s-Sic. meufes sityviT,
~maSindel msoflioSi saqarTvelos icnobdnen, rogorc did qristianul
qveyanas~, amis gamo, rom ferara-florenciis saeklesio krebis (1438-45)
gaxsnisas saqarTvelos warmomadgeneli mitropoliti sofroni diptixis
Sesabamisad konstantinepolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiisa da ierusalimis
warmomadgenelTa Semdeg dasves (gv. 286). msoflio saeklesio krebaSi
aRmosavleTis patriarqTa Semdeg dgoma saqarTvelos eklesiis siZliereze
miuTiTebs.
deda eklesiisagan samcxe-saaTabagos eklesiis gamosayofad aTabagTa
(gansakuTrebiT mzeWabukis 1500-1515) mcdeloba, meufe ananias Tanaxmad, didi
codva iyo. aTabagTa aseTi mcdelobis gamo mTeli qarTveli eri dazaralda,
mesxeTis didi nawili CamoSorda deda eklesias. andria mociqulis mier awyuris
eklesiaSi dasvenebuli sruliad saqarTvelos mfarveli yovlad wminda
RmrTismSoblis xati im xanad rom mxolod samcxis mosaxleobis saTemo xatad
iqna miCneuli, meufe ananias Tanaxmad, es im epoqaSi erovnuli erTianobis
grZnobis dakninebiT iyo gamowveuli (gv. 295). Temobriobis aRorZinebam
qarTvelobas safuZveli gamoacala (gv. 317). amitom, meufe ananias daskvniT,
~erovnuli gadarCenisaTvis, upirveles yovlisa, saWiro iyo qristianuli
sarwmunoebis dacva da gaZliereba saqarTvelos samociqulo marTlmadidebeli
eklesiisa~ (gv. 329).
35
aseTi Znelbedobis Jams calkeul saqarTveloebad danawilebuli qveynis
saepiskoposoebi kvlav rCebodnen kulturis centrebad (gv. 342), qarTuli
eklesiis istoriaSi mniSvnelovan Semobrunebad meufe anania osmalobisa da
yizilbaSobis Semdeg mcxeTaSi qristianuli wesiT Teimuraz II-is kurTxevas
Tvlis, mxolod sinanuls gamoTqvams, rom sveticxovelSi arsebuli samefo
taxti, romelic mefeTa da kaTalikos-patriarqTa kurTxevisas gamoiyeneboda, XX
s-Si ~restavracias Seewira~ (gv. 351).
metad sainteresoa naSromis is Tavebi da paragrafebi, romelSic
ganxilulia saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria XIX-XX saukuneebSi: saqarTvelos
eklesiis mdgomareoba egzarqosebis xanaSi, brZola avtokefaliis
aRdgenisaTvis, avtokefaliis aRdgena da dadastureba da sxva. erTi sityviT,
rogorc SesavalSi aRvniSne, mTavarepiskoposis meufe anania jafariZis mier
istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad
warmodgenili naSromi bevrad (TiTqmis 170 gverdi) aRemateba im moculobas, rac
saatestacio komisiis debulebiT istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero
xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenil naSroms moeTxoveba. amitom masSi aRZrul,
gaanalizebul da gadaWril yovel sakiTxze SeCereba da saTanado avkargianobis
Sesaxeb azris gamoTqma da dasabuTeba Znelia. magram sadisertacio naSromis
Sesaxeb sanam gamosvlas davamTavreb minda kidev erTxel adre qristianuli
xanis saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebs davubrunde. gamokvlevis am nawilSi
sainteresoa ~saxelwodeba da mimarTuleba qarTuli eklesiisa~. aq axsnilia,
ras niSnavs ~orTodoqsaluri~, ratom unda iwodebodes ~saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebluri eklesia~ ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiad~, ras moicavs
~qarTuli eklesiis samwyso~ (gv. 147-158). V s-Si ~qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis
sazRvrebis~ gaanalizebisas meufe ananias mier miRebuli daskvna, rom ~vaxtangis
epoqaSi qarTlis sakaTalikosos iurisdiqcia dasavleT saqarTvelozec
vrceldeboda (gv. 160). esadageba am cota xnis win am darbazSi samecniero
sesiaze b-n daviT musxeliSvilis mier gakeTebuli moxsenebisas miRebul
daskvnas. aseve SeiZleboda yuradReba gagvemaxvilebina V-VI s-ebSi qarTuli da
somxuri eklesiebis damokidebulebaze (gv. 212-213), magram amjerad mxolod
qarTuli kulturisaTvis erT metad mniSvnelovan sakiTxs Sevexebi.
rogorc iTqva, naSromSi mravladaa iseTi Txroba, romelSic axsnilia
axalSobili iesos mimarT mogvTa Tayvaniscema.
36
saxarebiseuli es epizodi CemSi piradad yovelTvis auxsneli iyo da ver
gamego, ram gamoiwvia cecxlTayvanismcemelTa Tayvaniscema, religiis
zoroastriul msaxurTa – mogvTa axalSobil iesosTan gamocxadeba da a.S.
rogorc saTanado evropul literaturaze (e. svetlov, vestnik carstva
boJia, V, 1972, gv. 363). dayrdnobiT meufe anania aCvenebs, rom israelis gareT
zoroastizmi msoflios erTaderTi religia yofila, romelic icnobda
mesianizms.
israelTa garda mxolod am religiis mimdevrebs swamdaT momavali
sufeva uflisa da moelodnen am qveynad msoflios mxsnelis mosvlas.
miiCneva, rom suliwminda im xalxebsac, romlebic biblias ar aRiarebdnen,
amzadebda macxovris misaRebad (svetlovi 375). amitom mxsnelis molodinis gamo
zoroastrizmis qurumebi – mogvebi pirvelni mividnen axalSobil iesos
Tayvanisacemlad (gv. 144-145).
TiTqmis amave sakiTxs ukavSirdeba da metad sainteresoa, Tu ras unda
niSnavdes ~wigni nebroTisa~.
rogorc ~mefeTa cxovrebaSi~ naTqvamia, es wigni jer kidev warmarT mefe
mirians hqonda. ~mefeTa cxovrebis~ cnobiT, mirianma masSi ~pova werili esreT
~ukanasknelTa JamTa movides mefe igi cisa... man gixilos Wirsa Sina da gixsnas
Sen~ (qarT. cx. 1. Ggv. 105).
meufe anania wers: mefe mirianma wminda ninos mier gaqristianebul
abiaTarisagan mravaljer gamoikiTxa cnobebi ~ZvelTa da axalTa wignTa~.
(gaqristianebamde abiaTari Zveli aRTqmis, e.i. iudaisturi sarwmunoebis mRvdeli
iyo). mefe mirians, romelic gaqristianebamde cecxlTayvanismcemlobasac
icnobda, ~nebroTis wigni~ hqonia. es unda yofiliyo ara Zveli aRTqmis
apokrifebi, aramed swored zoroastrizmis sulieri codnis Semcveli ~sparsTa
wminda wigni~ avesta, romelsac zogjer iranul bibliasac uwodebdnen. meufe
ananias aseTi mosazrebis dasturad miaCnia ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ mariam
dedofliseul variantSi qarTvelTa cxovrebis aRmwerel Txzulebas win uZRvis
msoflio istoriisadmi miZRvnili nakveTi, romelSic nebroTi
cecxlTayvanismcemlad da mis erT-erT moZRvradaa gamoyvanili (k. kekeliZe,
qarT. lit. ist. I, gv. 440).
maSasadame, - ganagrZobs meufe anania, - wminda ninos saswaulTa Semdeg
mefe miriani sagangebod gaecno Zveli da axali aRTqmis umTavres ideas da
37
cecxlTayvaniscemluri sarwmunoebis ZiriTad TvalsazrisTan Seadara. amis
Semdeg, mematianes sityviT, ~gulisxma yo mefeman mirian, rameTu Zvelni wignni
da axali ewamebodes da nebroTis wignica daamtkicebda da Seeqmna survili
qristes sjulisa~ (q. cx. I, gv. 105).
rogorc vxedavT, axla gasarkvevia, ras niSnavs ~mefeTa cxovrebaSi
gamoTqma ~Zvelni wigni da axali ewamvodes~ da amas ~nebroTis~ wignic
daamtkicebdao~.
meufe anania masac xsnis. ~ras ewamvodnen~ an ras amtkicebdnen ~Zvelni da
axali wignni? svams kiTxvas da pasuxobs: ~ra Tqma unda, winaswarmetyvelebas
mesiis mosvlis Sesaxeb, romelsac ~daamtkicebda~, anu eTamxmeboda ~nebroTis
wigni~, aman sruliad SeZra mefe miriani da xeli Seuwyo mis gaqristianebas.
Semdeg meufe ganagrZobs, samefo ojaxSi ~nebroTis wignis arsebobis Sesaxeb
mogviTxrobs juanSeric, romelic vaxtangs aTqmevinebs: ~mamaTa CuenTa farulad
epyra wigni ese~, amitom unda davaskvnaT, rom III-IVsaukuneebSi qarTveli eris
saukeTeso nawils gagebuli hqonda mesiis mosalodneli mosvlis Sesaxeb~-o (gv.
145-146).
amrigad, meufe ananias daskvniT, ~nebroTis wigni~, rogorc aqamde egonaT,
Zveli aRTqmis apokrifi ki araa, aramed ~sparsTa wminda wigni~ avestaa.
vfiqrob, gamodis, rom mirianis dros samefo ojaxSi iyo misi qarTuli
Targmani. es wigni darCenila samefo ojaxSi da V s-Si vaxtang gogrgasalma
icoda, ~mamaTa CuenTa dafarulad rom epyraT wigni ese ~ - nebroTisa~ (q. cx. I,
gv. 140-142).
ra safuZveli gvaqvs IV s. damdegisaTvis ~nebroTis wignis~ qarTuli
Targmanis arseboba vamtkicoT da ra mdgomareobaa am mxriv Cvens cxovrebaSi?
akad. k. kekeliZis Tanaxmad, ~nebroTis wigni~ ar arsebobda qarTulad, igi
ar Senaxula arc sxva romelime enaze da, rogorc gairkva, is ar arsebobda (ix.
misi dasax. naSr. gv. 441, gv. 438). sinamdvileSi nebroTis wignis Sesaxeb cnobas,
- dasZens igi, - safuZvlad daedo apografi fsevdoefremisa, romelic iv.
javaxiSvilis Tanaxmad, warmoadgens Txzulebis, ganZTa qvabis erT-erTi
redaqciis, Targmans (iqve gv. 438).
es apokrifi, - ganagrZobs b-i korneli, - romelSic mesiaze an
macxovarzedacaa laparaki da nebroTis gmirobazec, m. janaSvils miaCnda
nebroTis wignad. magram es Secdomaa, dasaxelebuli apokrifi araa nebroTis
38
wigni, vinaidan is TviTon uCvenebs nebroTis wyaros. romelsac amnairad
axasiaTebs: ~xolo igi wigni, romelic iswava nebroT ianitan grZneulisagan, ara
Seiwynares moZRuarTa eklesiisaTa, amisTvis, rameTu varskvlavTricxuaT ars,
aramed sparsni uwodeben Rirsad wmindad, xolo brZenni uwodeben
varskvlavTricxuad wignsa mas, xolo mogueni fed saxelsdeben, romel ars
wigni sityvsa: ese ars wigni grZnebisa da moZRuebai eSmakisTa sibilwisai, da
umecarni iyvan, viTarmed WeSmaritad ariso, xolo ars kari grZnebisa da
Seginebisa~ (k. kekeliZe, gv. 439).
amrigad, ~nebroTis wigns~ Tu ~sparsni uwodeben Rirsad wmidada~, xolo
~moguni fed saxeldeben~, Tanac ~nebroTis wigni~ mTel da axal aRTqmas mesiis
mosvlis sakiTxSi eTanxmeboda, maSin marTali brZandeba meufe anania da
~nebroTis wignis~ saxiT mirianis drois qarTlis samefoSi avestis (ufro
swored misi raRac nawili an komentarebi) qarTuli Targmani unda hqonebodaT.
amitom b-ni k. kekeliZis kategoriuli mtkiceba ~araviTari nebroTis wigni ar
arsebobda arc qarTul, arc sxva romelime enaze, Tqmuleba nebroTis wignis
Sesaxeb SeTxzulia. leonti mrovelis miero~ (gv. 440, 441), gadasinjvas moiTxovs.
meufe ananias zemomotanili daskvnis dasturad minda davZino: ~zoroastrizms
swamda momavali sufeva uflisa da moeloda am qveynad msoflios mxsnelis
mosvlas~, ris gamoc zorastuli religiis msaxurni - mogvebi pirvelni mividnen
Cveni macxovris ieso qristes Tayvanisacemad, Cans, ~wigni nebroTisa~ (avestis
raRac nawili Tu komentarebi) sakmaod gavrcelebuli iyo Zveli aRmosavleTis
xalxebSi, misi Targmani iyo qristianobis wina da Semdgomi xanis qarTlis
samefoSic.
rac Seexeba batoni kornelis mtkicebas, rom nebroTis wigni (Tu igi
marTlac avestis nawili iyo) ar Semonaxula arc qarTul da sxva romelime
enaze. avestas Tavgadasavals Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, SeiZleba nebroTis wigni
marTlac, ar Semonaxuliyo. jer erTi, rogorc vnaxeT, ~nebroTis wigni~ ar
~Seiwynares moZRuarTa eklesiisaTa~, radgan CaTvales, rom igi iyo ~wigni
grZnebisa da moZRurebai eSmakTa sibilwisai~ da, cxadia, mas gaanadgurebdnen.
rac mTavaria, igi gaanadgura sasanianTa iranis daRupvam. rogorc cnobilia,
arabTa mier iranis dapyrobis Semdeg zoroastriuli religiis is mimdevrebi,
romlebmac islami ar miiRes, indoeTSi gadasaxldnen. maT Tan waiRes TavianTi
wminda wigni - avesta. evropaSi am wignis arsebobis Sesaxeb mxolod XVIIIs-Si
39
gaxda cnobili (rogorc cnobilia, frangma swavlulma diuperonma specialurad
Seiswavla avestis ena da 1771 w. franguli Targmani gamosca oqsfordSi).
avestis SinaarsiT, Tu igi, marTlac igive ~nebroTis wignia~ imTaviTve Crd.
SuamdinareTis mosaxleobasTan erTad, qarTvelebic unda yofiliyvnen
dainteresebulni, radgan nebroTi bibliis Tanaxmad, SuamdinareTis pirveli
mefe iyo da am samefoSi Sedioda qarTvelTa erT-erTi winapari Tubali.
yovelive zemoaRniSnulis Semdeg unda davZino: meufe anania jafariZis
naSromis saxiT Cvens winaSea metad saintereso, didi da Tavdauzogavi
Sromis Sedegad Seqmnili ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria~,
romelSic qarTuli eklesiis istoria gadmocemulia mociqulTa droidan
dRemde. am oriaTaswlovani istoriis zogierTi sakiTxi SeiZleba sakamaTod
mogveCvenos, magram es ZiriTadad ama Tu im sakiTxze, qarTul istoriografiaSi
arsebuli sxvadasxva SexedulebiT an am sakiTxTa Sesaxeb arsebul saistorio
wyaroTa simciriTaa gamowveuli. saerTod, mxedvelobaSi unda iqnas miRebuli is
garemoeba, rom mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis naSromis saxiT Cvens xelTaa
pirveli monografiebi, romlebSic saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis erTiani
istoriaa gadmocemuli. Tanac am, monografiebiT Tavisufali saqarTvelos
pirobebSi jer mxolod pirveli nabijebi idgmeba qarTuli eklesiis istoriis
Seswavlis saqmeSi. sul ramdenime welia, rac oriaTaswlovanma qarTulma
eklesiam Tavisuflad amoisunTqa. bolSevikTa batonobis dasawyisSi kirion
kaTalikoss ganucxadebia: ~gauzviadeblad vambob, rom is yovlad Seuferebeli
eqsperimentebi, romelsac am ukanasknel wlebSi axdenen qarTveli eris zurgze,
aucileblad miiyvans mas fizikurad gadaSenebis da sulieri gavelurebis,
gaxrwnis karamde~ (gv. 418). rogorc meufe anania wers: ~bolSevik-aTeistebis
xelisuflebis – umZimesi batonobis dros, marTalia, eri gadaurCa fizikurad
gadaSenebas, magram ~sulier gavelurebas da sulier gaxrwnas~, Cans, Tavi ver
aaridao~ (gv. 418). meufe ananias wignebi Cveni eris aseT nawils, albaT,
salbunad unda daedos, raTa isini deda eklesiis wiaRs daubrundnen.
ZiriTadad aseTia Cemi STabeWdilebani mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis
mier istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad
warmodgenil naSromze.
40
rac Seexeba SeniSvnebs. qarTlis eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxze meufe
ananias bolomde ver daveTanxmebi. avtokefaliis Sesaxeb saubrisas zemoT
aRvniSne, rom am sakiTxs kvlav davubrundebodi.
meufe anania marTali brZandeba, qristianobis pirvel saukuneSi
warmoqmnili eklesiebi, marTlac, avtokefalurebi iyvnen. ase iyo mowyobili
TviT romis imperiis aRmosavleT nawilis provinciebSi, aq mcxovrebi
mosaxleoba eTnikuri, istoriuli da sxva TvisebaTa mixedviT mcire da did
saeklesio olqebad iyofoda. olqebs saTaveSi edgnen episkoposebi. Tavisi
saepiskoposos teritoriaze episkoposi axorcielebda saeklesio
zedamxedvelobas, ufleba hqonda moewvia saeklesio kreba da misi Tavmjdomare
yofiliyo. krebis TanxmobiT episkopos Tavmjdomares SeeZlo daeniSna an
gadaeyenebina misdami daqvemdebarebuli episkoposi. mcire da wina aziaSi am
mxriv TandaTan gamoikveTa da Camoyalibda mosaxleobis eTnikur Sedgenilobaze
Seqmnili iseTi didi saepiskoposoebi, rogorebic iyvnen: tarsisa-kilikiaSi,
kesariisa-kapadokiaSi, efesosi-aziaSi, tvirosisa-finikiaSi, edesisa-
mesopotamiaSi, bostrisa-arabeTSi, neokesariisa-polemones pontoSi, ankirisa-
galatiaSi, ikoniisa-likaoiaSi da sxvebi.
erovnul da eTnikur niadagze Seqmnili saepiskoposoebis arseboba cno
314 w. ankiraSi gamarTulma adgilobrivma saeklesio krebam. am krebis me-18
kanoniT zemodasaxelebuli saepiskoposoebi Tanasworad da damoukideblad
gamocxadda. es dadgenileba ... ~marTalia~ daadastura nikeis I msoflio
saeklesio krebis me-4 da me-5 da antioqiis adgilobrivi saeklesio krebis (344
w.) me-9, 14, 15, 19, 20 kanonma (p. gidulianovi, 1905, gv. 226-227) magram saqme is iyo,
rom imperiis farglebSi Semavali erovnuli eklesiebidan yvela ver axerxebda
damoukideblobis SenarCunebas. dasaxelebul krebaTa dadgenilebebi maT ar
Sveloda Tavi damoukideblad egrZnoT. imperiis farglebSi moqceul eklesiaTa
Soris adridanve damyarda urTierToba, romelic dafuZnebuli iyo ama Tu im
eklesiis SedarebiT siZliereze da am qalaqis politikur mniSvnelobaze.
saerTod ki, qristianTaTvis am qalaqis qristianuli Temis saerTo eklesiur
avtoritetze (p. gidulianovi, gv. 227).
swored aRniSnuli pirobebis gamo pirvelobda imperiis aRm. nawilSi
antioqiis episkoposi. nikeis I msoflio saeklesio krebis masalebSi evstaTi
antioqiis xelmoweris qveS 22 episkoposis xelmowera swored imis dasturadaa
41
miCneuli, isini antioqiis eklesiis gavlenaSi rom imyofebodnen (iqve, gv. 250-
251). marTlac, IV s. damdegisaTvis mTeli aRmosavleTis eklesiebis centri
antioqia iyo. rogorc specialur literaturaSia miTiTebuli, misi sulieri
gavlena garda sakuTriv siriisa, vrceldeboda ara marto mcire aziaze, portisa
da aziis Crd-aRm. nawilze, aramed Soreul sparseTze, somxeTze, saqarTveloze
(pagidulianovi, 1908, gv. 279).
antioqiis episkoposs unda ezruna am qveynebSi qristianobis gavrcelebasa
da gamyarebaze (p. gidulianovi, 1905, gv. 235). antioqiis episkoposebi jer
daxmarebas uwevdnen sust qristianul Temebs, Semdeg saeklesio recefciis
ZaliT maTze imtkicebdnen ierarqiul mdgomareobas da maT TavianT
xelisuflebas uqvemdebarebdnen (p. gidulianovi, 1905, gv. 223, Sdr. a. pavlovi).
ra mdgomareoba gvaqvs am mxriv qarTul eklesiaSi?
meufe ananias Tanaxmad, ~saqarTvelo romis provincia ar yofila, is
imperiis gareT iyo. amitom, radgan provinciebSi yvela eklesia avtokefaluri
iyo, es miT ufro saqarTvelos Sesaxeb iTqmis (gv. 178). ~Cvens istoriografiaSi, -
dasZens meufe anania, - azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa imis Sesaxeb, Tu vis
eqvemdebareboda qarTuli eklesia Seqmnis Semdeg. mkvlevarTa erTi nawili
fiqrobs, rom qarTuli eklesia IV s. dasawyisSi antioqiis iurisdiqciaSi
Sedioda. meore – amJamad gavrcelebuli azris Tanaxmad ki – konstantinepols
daeqvemdebara. magram, – ganagrZobs igi, - 325 wlis nikeis krebis dadgenilebis
mixedviT, eklesiaTa daqvemdebareba akrZaluli iyo~. Semdeg kiTxvas svams: ~mainc
romeli eklesiis iurisdiqciis qveS imyofeboda qarTuli eklesia IV s-Si,
antioqiis, ierusalimis Tu konstantinepolisa?~ da iqve pasuxobs: ~saqme is aris,
rom radgan sabuTebi amis dadgenis saSualebas ar iZlevian, amitom unda
vifiqroT, rom aseTi sabuTi arc arsebobda~-o (gv. 177). vaxtangis mier miqaelis
konstantinepolSi gagzavnis gamo ar SeiZleba iseTi daskvnis gamotana, TiTqos
qarTuli eklesia im dros konstantinepolis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda an rogor
SeZlo sparseTis saxelmwifos sazRvrebSi moqceuli qarTuli eklesia
bizantias Tavis iurisdiqciaSi Seeyvana? antioqiis iurisdiqciaSi ki qalkedonis
krebamde, iv. javaxiSvilis mier Seswavlil wyaroTa Tanaxmad, ar yofilao (gv.
195). antioqia rom aRmosavleTis eklesiis centrad miiCneoda, es imas ar niSnavs,
ierarqiulad aRmosavleTis yvela eklesia antioqias rom emorCileboda,
antioqiasTan ufro sarwmunoebriv-eklesiuri kavSiri igulisxmebao (gv. 195-196).
42
rogorc vxedavT, Cvens winaSe qarTuli eklesiisaTvis metad
problematuri sakiTxia dasmuli. kidev vimeoreb, meufe anania marTali
brZandeba, adreqristianul xanaSi yvela eklesia, maT Soris qarTlis samefos
teritoriaze warmoqmnili calkeuli saepiskoposoebi damoukidebelni iyvnen da
amis Sesaxeb me saTanado damatebiTi masalac movitane, magram qarTlSi
qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebis Semdeg erTiani qarTuli
eklesia antioqiis eklesiis gavlenaSi moeqca (sxvaTa Soris, imdroindeli
damoukidebloba zemoCamoTvlilma didma saepiskoposoebmac ki ver SeinarCunes.
isini sxvadasxva sapatriarqoebis iurisdiqciaSi moeqcnen) meufe anania aseT
gavlenas imiT uaryofs, rom ~saqarTvelo romis provincia ar yofila~, magram
298 wels q. nisibisSi iransa da roms Soris dadebuli zaviT 40 wliT qarTlze
romis proteqtorati rom damyarda, es gana 298-338 wlebSi romis imperiasTan
qarTlis samefos siaxloveze ar miuTiTebs? meorec, 318 wels qristianobis
saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebis Semdeg, mefe mirianis moTxovniT qarTlSi
antioqiis eklesiis gavlenaSi myofi branji (e.i. galateli) mTavardiakoni
Camovida da eklesiis organizacia moaxdina, qarTlis pirvel episkoposad ione
dasva, aq momxdari ambebi aRwera da waiRo imperiaSi. gana imaze ar metyvelebs,
rom axladwarmoqmnil qarTlis eklesiaze imperiaSi viRac zrunavda (msgavsi
ambavi moxda das. saqarTveloSi egrisis pirvel episkoposad iberis Zes xeli
daasxa petre sebastielma, romelic Tavis mxriv, ierarqiulad antioqiis
samwysos ekuTvnoda).
swored aRniSnulma faqtma ganapiroba qarTlis eklesiis antioqiis
iurisdiqciaSi moqceva. ase, rom b-ni ivane javaxiSvilis mosazreba, TiTqos
mxolod qalkedonis meoTxe msoflio saeklesio krebis (451 w.) Semdeg
daeqvemdebara qarTlis eklesia antioqiis sapatriarqos, arasworia. aseve,
qarTlis eklesia konstantinopolis sapatriarqos daqvemdebarebaSi arasdros
ar yofila (ix. Cemi qarTuli eklesiis saTaveebTan, Tb., 1991). 451 wlamde
konstantinopolis eklesiis mrevli umniSvnelo iyo. rogorc cnobilia,
qalkedonis IV msoflio saeklesio krebis dadgenilebiT miiRo anatoli
konstantinepolma (449-458) antioqiis episkopos maqsimedan (451-455) aziis yvela
olqi skutridan (konstantinepolis gareubania) galatiamde. amave krebis
gadawyvetilebiT, maqsime antioqielma ierusalimis episkoposs iubenals (422-458)
dauTmo palestina (miqael breki).
43
qalkedonis krebis Semdeg TiToeuli patriarqis samwyso mkacrad
ganisazRvra. rogorc XII s. cnobili bizantieli kanonisti ioane zonara wers,
konstantinepolis patriarqs ar SeeZlo siriis an palestinis, finikiis, an
egviptis mitropolitTa saqme gaerCia maTi survilis gareSe. siriis
mitropolitebi zonaras ganmartebiT, antioqiis patriarqis iurisdiqciaSi
Sediodnen, palestinisa ierusalimisaSi da ase Semdeg, yvela imas emorCileba,
vis mieracaa xeldasmuli (krebis kanonebi). ase rom, 318 wlidan qarTlis (aseve
egrisis) eklesia antioqiis gavlenaSi moeqca. amitom iyo, vaxtang gorgaslis
dros, rogorc qarTul wyaroSia (Sat. kr. gv. 325) naTqvami, qarTlis moqcevidan
(317/318 ww.) 170 wlis Tavze – 487/8 wels antioqiis patriarqma petre fulonma
qarTlis pirvel kaTalikosad rom petre kapadokieli akurTxa.
aRniSnulis garda, SeiZleboda survili gamomeTqva, rom Semdgom
muSaobaSi meufe ananias qarTuli eklesiis samisionero saqmianobac
gaeTvaliswinebina. SeiZleboda ramdenime koreqtul Secdomazec mimeTiTebina,
magram aseTi didi moculobis naSromisaTvis es araferia.
sabolood didi siamovnebiT minda aRvniSno, rom warmodgenili
sadisertacio naSromi maRal mecnierul donezea Sesrulebuli, didi
interesiT ikiTxeba, igi saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan arsebul sasuliero
akademiaSi gamoiyeneba, rogorc saxelmZRvanelo. Cems mier zemoT naCveneb
RirsebaTa gamo ~saqarTvelos samociquli eklesiis istoriis~ avtori
mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe uyoymanod imsaxurebs ara Tu Ziebul –
istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis, ufro maRal, doqtoris, xarisxsac ki.
iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriisa da eTnografiis institutis
wamyvani mecnieri TanamSromeli, istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori v. goilaZe
pasuxi oficialur oponents baton vaxtang goilaZes
uRrmes madlobas movaxseneb oficialur oponents istoriis mecnierebaTa
doqtors baton vaxtang goilaZes Cemi naSromis maRali SefasebisaTvis, rac
Seexeba avtokefaliis sakiTxSi Cvens Soris arsebul azrTa sxvadasxvaobas, me
44
vfiqrob, rom momavali kvleva-Ziebisas literaturisa da wyaroebis Semdgomi
analizis Semdeg SesaZlebelia azri Sevicvalo.
mTlianad veTanxmebi pativcemul oponents qarTlSi asurel mamaTa
Semosvlis TariRTan dakavSirebiT, maTi didi nawili farsman mefis zeobaSi
unda Semosuliyo.
kidev erTxel uRrmes madlobas movaxseneb baton vaxtangs im didi
SromisaTvis, romelsac igi dauRalavad eweva qarTuli eklesiis sasargeblod
da, cxadia, Cemi mcire naSromis didad dafasebisaTvis. gmadlobT
sabWos wevri valerian maWaraZe (doqtori):
batono Tavmjdomare, aq gamomsvlelebma aRniSnes, rom naSromis avtori
mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe ufro met samecniero xarisxs imsaxurebs. mis
kvalificiur oponents suliT da guliT vuWer mxars... yirimSi, sevastopolidan
6 km-ze aris xersonesi, marcxnis quCis boloSi iyo pirvelqristianTa sasaflao,
pirveli qristianebis TavSesafari I saukunisaTvis - mociqulTa droisaTvis. me
vfiqrob, unaklo da uSeniSvno araferi dawerila, magram meufis sami tomi
ramdenime dRiT mqonda saxlSi, gavecani da aRtacebuli var. vuTxari kidec
baton ananias erT-erT sxdomaze, zagorskSi gadaeciT meTqi. cxadia, SeniSvnebis
gaTvaliswinebiT miviRebT dadebul naSroms, Cveni wyaroebis gamo ukeTesis
gakeTeba ar SeiZleba. me sabWos wevrebs movuwodeb, savsebiT damsaxurebuli
naSromia.
sabWos wevri ilia tabaRua (doqtori):
batonebo, mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe usityvod imsaxurebs saZiebel
xarisxs, avtoreferati ki ara ori tomi siamovnebiT wavikiTxe da aqamde var
maTi gavlenis qveS. savsebiT mxars vuWer aq gamoTqmul azrs, Tqven saZiebo
xarisxi, cxadia, gekuTvniT. me mxolod neba miboZeT mogaxsenoT, rom
saqarTvelos da roms Soris qristianobis CasaxvisTanave arsebobda
urTierToba. Sua saukuneebSic es kavSiri ar Sewyvetila. XVIII saukuneSi
45
kaTalikosebi, eris saukeTeso pirebi, TanamSromlobdnen rogorc aRmosavleTis,
ise dasavleT (romis) eklesiasTan. am urTierTobis asaxva sruliad ar aris
saSiSi rwmenisaTvis, piriqiT, am urTierTobis asaxva didad gaalamazebs,
gaamdidrebs Cveni eklesiis istorias. esaa Cemi survili. bolos kidev erTxel
mivesalmebi Tqvens Sromas da gisurvebT warmatebebs da aseve kidev or toms,
kidev rom gvpirdebiT, ai, imis dasrulebaSi RmerTma xeli mogimarToT.
Tavmjdomare: - xom ar aris msurveli sabWodan, maSin gTxovT damswre
sazogadoebidan.
sityvas iTxovs ucnobi qalbatoni (sityvas ambobs adgilidan): dauviwyaria
is saTnoeba, romelic Cvens ojaxs moefina meufe ananiasagan am ociode wlis
win. mapatieT, SeiZleba vRelav, axalcixis gzaze moxda Zalze mZime
avtokatastrofa. Cemi Svili da me movyeviT am avtokatastrofaSi. umZimesi
mdgomareoba Seiqmna. maSin aravis hqonda Cemi Svilis gadarCenis imedi. maSin
axalcixeSi davdiodi, vkuratorobdi erT sferos, Zalian gviWirda da
yavarjniT SevZeli asvla eklesiaSi, rabaTSi, da iq batoni anania axalgazrda
sakmarisad Semxvda. muxlis CoqviT Semovuare eklesias, maSin mogexsenebaT
partiis mandati mqonda, da sruliad moulodneli iyo aseTi moqmedeba Cemgan.
batoni anania gamobrZanda, momkida xeli, amayena, vuambe Cemi mdgomareoba da
sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi loculobda CemTvis. erTaderTi imedi mqonda RmerTis
imisi, rom Cemi Svili gadarCeboda da batonma ananiam mxurvaled iloca. me
miTxres, rom mxolod RmerTi Caeria Seni Svilis gadarCenaSio. me minda dRes
udidesi madloba saqarTvelos saukeTeso Svilebis winaSe baton ananias vuTxra.
saocari saswauli moxda da Cemi Svili gadarCa, dRes ruseTSi imyofeba, maSin
16 wlis iyo, meufe ananiam uTxra, rom ~giorgi, Sengan kargi eqimi dadgeba~,
axla eqimia marTlac. Tqven wlebis manZilze loculobdiT, Cemma Svilma jaric
axalcixeSi moiara da dadioda igi TqvenTan. ruseTSi Cems Svils donis
rostovis monasterSi yavs Tavis moZRvari, da dRes aRavlina locva, daanTo
sanTeli Tqveni dRevandeli momentisaTvis, Tqveni janmrTelobisaTvis. viyri
muxls Tqvens winaSe da did madlobas mogaxsenebT Cveni ojaxis saxeliT.
46
revaz baramiZe (profesori)
batonebo, gadaRlili xarT da ar dagayovnebT, magram me ar SemiZlia, ar
gamovTqva Cemi mosazreba oriode faqtze. jer erTi, mTavarepiskopos meufe
ananias naSromi saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria SesaniSnavad Seafases
istorikosebma. sxva rameze minda SeniSvna gavakeTo. wyaroebi gamoyenebulia
SesaniSnavad. garda aqamde ucnobi dokumentebisa, sabuTebisa. naSromSi, wignebi
maqvs mxedvelobaSi, Zalian mdidrulad da kargad aris warmoCenili
marTlmadideblobis mniSvnelobis istoria. agreTve isic minda vTqva, rom
batoni anania kargad brZanebs da sulxan-sabasTan dakavSirebiT mniSvnelovani
mosazreba gamoTqva, mogexsenebaT, rom im dros iyvnen karmelitebi. Teatinelebi
da SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom ara karmelitebis, ara Teatinelebis, aramed
basilianTa ordenis wevri gaxda, es Zalian mniSvnelovania misi sarwmunoebivi
poziciis Sesaswavlad. magram ZiriTadi, ramac me gamabedina dRes aq gamosvla,
aris Semdegi, mTeli ori tomi, romelic me maqvs wakiTxuli, saocrad siRrmiT
aris datvirTuli imis mtkicebiT da imis warmoCeniT, rom qarTuli
marTlmadidebluri eklesia da qarTuli cnobiereba, qarTuli xasiaTi, qarTuli
azrovneba aris erTi didi mTlianoba. qarTuli eklesiis fonze ki ara, masTan
SerwymiT, es aris didi WeSmariteba. amaze yuradRebis gaumaxvilebloba ar
iqneboda kargi. sagangebod minda vimsjelo, es Zalian didi Rirebulebaa, am
sferoSi, roca marTlmadidebluri eklesiis tolZalovnad miiCnevdnen
sxvadasxva seqtebs erovnuli xasiaTis CamoyalibebaSi, es arasworia da es
siRrmiT aris warmoCenili meufe ananias SromebSi. es aris sakvlevi ara marto
samecniero, aramed saxelmwifoebriv doneze. am saqmeSi didi wvlili Seaqvs
baton ananias Tavis SesaniSnavi naSromiT. me aRtacebuli var Tqveni naSromiT
da yovelive warmatebas gisurvebT.
revaz CxeiZe (kinoreJisori)
arc istorikosi var da arc marTlmadidebluri eklesiis msaxuri, magram
ar SeiZleba, rogorc moqalaqem ar vTqva Cemi SegrZnebebi imis gamo, rom
mTavarepiskopos ananias saqarTvelos istoriis orive es tomi ara mxolod
47
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriaa, aramed qarTveli eris istoria. ai, es sinTezi
kargad warmoaCens, rogor mimdinareobda samoqalaqo mSenebloba saqarTveloSi.
da aq aris SeiZleba iTqvas, araCveulebrivad warmoCenili, Tu rogor
viTardeboda saqarTvelo. aseT midgomas novatoruli xasiaTi aqvs. novatoruls
me xazs vusvam. Cven vuyurebT ara imas, rom es ase moxda, es omebi Catarda, mere
is movida saTaveSi da ase Semdeg, aramed am naSromSi Cven vxedavT, rogor
viTardeba eris sulieri moZRvreba, am istoriaSi primati uWiravs qristianobas.
qristianoba da qarTveli eris ganviTareba imdagvarad, rogorc es meufe ananiam
Camoayaliba, CemTvis Zalian damajerebelia. didi mama qarTveli erisa, ivane
javaxiSvili, eWviT uyurebs mociqulTa moRvaweobas saqarTveloSi, magram
arsebobs wyaroebi andria pirvelwodebulis Sesaxeb, arqeologiuri masala im
epoqisa, CvenTvis es absoluturad damajerebelia. bolos da bolos virwmunoT
es faqti da mere davijerebT. axla warmovidginoT, Tuki saqarTveloSi andria
pirvelwodebuli da sxva mociqulebi I saukuneSi movidnen, ramodena
mniSvneloba aqvs amas qarTveli eris istoriisaTvis da misi civilizaciisaTvis.
kolosaluri mniSvneloba aqvs, imitom, rom Cven viciT, es ra epoqaa da
ra aris saWiro maincdamainc vucadoT IV saukunes, es didi movlena iyo, ra
Tqma unda, roca saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadda qristianoba, magram raodeni
mniSvneloba aqvs imas, rom I s-Si RvTismSoblis davalebiT modis aq andria
pirvelwodebuli, Semodis aWaridan, esec xom didi ambavia, Sedis samegreloSi,
qarTlSi, svaneTSi, afxazeTSi. es nakvlevi Cans. Sen ra icio, rom mkiTxoT
SeiZleba ver giTxraT qalbatono marika, magram me mjera, rom es ase iyo, mjera
im wyaroebis, romelic arsebobs da marSruti dgindeba Zalian materialurad.
replika darbazidan, mariam lorTqifaniZe: - ~minda rom berZnuli wyaro
iqnes mopovebuli am sakiTxze~ (xmauri).
rezo CxeiZe (agrZelebs) – berZnebi bevr rameSi cdebian. me minda vTqva,
rom es marto qristianobis Semosvlis TariRi ar aris. RvTismSobelma uTxra
mas, rom saqarTvelo gansakuTrebuli qveyana iyo, da nu geSinia am sityvebis.
mgonia me, rom am wignSi araCveulebrivad aris Camoyalibebuli. yovel
SemTxvevaSi, CemTvis bevri ram gaxda naTeli, magaliTad, hereTis sakiTxi. rac
aseve mwvave politikuri sakiTxia dRevandel dRes. istorikosebma unda
upasuxon, rogor akeTeben amas saukeTeso istorikosebi. hereTis sakiTxi
araCveulebrivad zustadaa gadmocemuli masSi, rogor viTardeboda iq
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qristianoba, mere somxuri eklesiis primati da mere amis motrialeba da,
saerTod, qarTuli enis sakiTxi aris brwyinvaled Camoyalibebuli. wignSi
Camoyalibebulia absoluturad damajereblad agreTve tao-klarjeTis sakiTxi,
romelic aseve Zalian mtkivneulia saqarTvelosTvis. Zalian kargad viciT Cven
ramdeni moaruli, aradamajerebeli istorikosebi, gansakuTrebiT ucxoelebi da
qarTvelebic am Temaze varjiSoben da gvarTmeven genialur adgilebs, idealur
adgilebs, rogorsac tao-klarjeTi warmoadgens Tavisi xuroTmoZRvrebis
ZeglebiT. saxelmwifo saqarTvelo yvelaze metad kargad JRers iq da roca amas
batoni anania, Cveni meufe adgens da absoluturad didi rwmeniT aRiTqmeba
yvelaferi, es amaze didi movlena SeuZlebelia, me mgonia piradad, rom
istoriaze aseTi wigni arc wamikiTxavs, es SeiZleba Cemi gulubryvilobaa,
magram me ase var darwmunebuli. me ar vici rogori niSniT aniWebT xarisxebs,
Cemi warmodgeniT, Tu raime umaRlesi xarisxi arsebobs mecnierebis dargSi,
baton ananias unda mieniWos. axla bodiSi, rom ase Tavxedobas viCen, magram me
ase mgonia (taSi darbazidan).
akademikosi mariam lorTqifaniZis sityva
neba miboZeT, didi siamovnebiT aRvniSno is garemoeba, rom Cvens
samecniero sabWoze aseTi mniSvnelovani naSromia gamotanili. esaa
mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria
Sua saukuneebSi~. eWvi ar mepareba da didad mniSvnelovnad mimaCnia is garemoba,
rom Cvens eklesias ewodos ~samociqulo~ eklesia, Tumca batono meufe anania
amasac mogaxsenebT me, magaliTad, ver mivakvlie im berZnul wyaros, sadac iyos
miTiTebuli andria mociqulis moRvaweoba saqarTvelos romelime kuTxeSi,
sulerTia sad, saWiroa dakonkreteba. me mTlianad viziareb vaxtang goilaZis
SeniSvnas. batoni anania, albaT, kidev gadaxedavs am sakiTxebs. qarTul
wyaroebSi aris garkveviT naTqvami, eklesiebSi daiRvara sisxli. aq laparaki
unda iyos imis Sesaxeb, rom herakles mier bevri ram gakeTda, nu gavujavrdebiT
herakles. Cvens eklesiaSi Tavi moiyara... Seafares Tavi qristianebsa da heraklem
ganwmida eklesia. qalbatonma giulim SeniSna Tbilisel berebTan dakavSirebiT,
rom aseTi fena iyo moqalaqeTa zeda fena. daviT aRmaSeneblis dros me ver
49
gaviziareb Tqvens mosazrebas, rom daviT aRmaSeneblis dros iyo Teokratiuli
saxelmwifo. wyaro pirdapir miuTiTebs, rom eklesiebi da monastrebi wessa da
rigs iRebdnen darbazis karidan. babilina lominaZis udidesi damsaxurebaa rom
cud pirobebSi uxdeboda muSaoba, eklesiis istoria Seswavlili rom yofiliyo.
n. berZeniSvili cdilobda rogorme yuradRebis arealidan gamoeyvana. yvelaferi
midioda cekaSi, mere moskovSi. sityva ~eklesia da monasteri~ ar SeiZleboda
dawerili yofiloyo. niko ambobda xolme - ~ra davarqvaT babilinas Temebs~,
rom Temis damtkicebis dros ver mimxvdariyvnen, rom es eklesiis istoriaa. es
unda gaviTvaliswinoT... me mTlianad viziareb aq gamoTqmul mosazrebas, rom
batoni Aananias udavod ekuTvnis xarisxi da vSuamdgomlob sabWos winaSe,
magram Suamdgomloba ar aris saWiro mgonia.
marine CxartiSvili (istoriis mecn. doqtori)
yvelaferi, risi Tqmac mindoda, iTqva, upirveles yovlisa, minda vTqva,
rom saeklesio istorias wers saeklesio moRvawe, mTavarepiskoposi, wmida
sinodis wevri, batoni meufe anania jafariZe. ra Tqma unda, saeklesio istoria
SeiZleba daweros eriskacma da unda daweros kidec, es aris garkveuli xedva
gverdidan, magram eklesia mogexsenebaT, iseTi fenomenia, aucilebelia misi
danaxva Signidan. me amas aseTi dabejiTebiT imitom geubnebiT, rom Tavad
eklesiis istoriis wyaroebze vmuSaob da TviTon saero ganaTleba maqvs. xSirad
migrZvnia Cems TavSi am xedvis naklovaneba. iciT, mainc agiografiuli Zegli ar
aris literatura, is ufro metia iseve, rogorc xati ar aris marto naxati, es
aris, pirvrl rigSi, misasalmebeli, iTqva aq, rom esaa gadebuli xidi
mecnirebasa da eklesias Soris. mecnierebac eZebs WeSmaritebas da eklesia eZebs
WeSmaritebas. bunebrivia, ar arsebobs iseTi istoriuli WeSmariteba, romelic
Cvens eklesias ar waadgeba da me dadebiTad mesmis. esaa mamuliSvilis mier
dawerili, amitom masTan kamaTi sakmaod Znelia imitom, rom gaazrebuli aqvs mas
es momentebi da Zalian kargad aCvenebs, rogorc ukavSirdeba erTmaneTs
mamuliSviloba da mecnieruli obieqturoba. kargad Cans, rom es savsebiT
SeTavsebadia. imis Sesaxebac iTqva, rom naCvenebi qarTuli eklesiis istoria –
es aris marTlmadideblobis istoriis epizodi. vrceli, magram mainc epizodi,
50
Cven axali kulturis pirispir aRmovCndiT da unda gadavxarSoT es kultura.
Cven rigebs SemWidroeba sWirdeba da istoriuli warsulis analizi swored
amisTvis aris saWiro, yvelaferi amisTvis mas Zalian didi madloba minda
movuxado da agreTve imis gamo, rom is Tvalsazrisi, romelic me ramdenime xnis
win gamovTqvi wmida ninos cxovrebis daTariRebasTan dakavSirebiT, man
gaiziara. mogexsenebaT, XX saukunis Suaxnis Semdeg TariRze aris sxvadasxva
mkvlevaris sxvadasxva azrovneba. salome ujarmelis avtorobis Sesaxeb Cemi
Tvalsazrisi aravis gauziarebia. Zalian martod vgrZnobdi Tavs da meufe
ananiam es gaiziara da CemTvis didi pativia, rom mis naSromebSi Cemi
Tvalsazrisi aris warmoCenili. Zalian didi madloba. erTxel Sevdivar
leqciaze da Cemi studentebi meubnebian, rom iciT qalbatono marina, Cven wina
leqciaze konspeqtebis wera davamTavreT Tqvens gvarze. vkiTxe, vin gikiTxavT
leqcias meTqi, meufe ananiao. es CemTvis didad sasixaruloa da me bednieri var,
rom Cems Tvalsazriss aseTi pirovneba izirebs, madlobT.
meufe Tadeozi (mTavarepiskoposi, wminda sinodis wevri, eparqiis mmarTveli):
Zalian Znelia im didebuli sazogadoebis winaSe gamosvla, rogor
didebul pirovnebebsac warmoadgegen aq mobrZanebuli pativcemuli qalbatonebi
da batonebi, magram Cveni eklesiis wminda mamaTa TxovniTa da brZanebiT,
mapatieT, ramdenime sityvas mogaxsenebT. marTalia, Zalian gadaRlilebi
brZandebiT, magram Tqveni gadaRla aris namdvilad wminda. netavi RvTis
sadideblad, mamulis gadasarCenad erTmaneTis siyvarulisaTvis im wminda
marTlmadideblobisaTvis, romelmac Cven dRemde mogviyvana da miuxedavad am
sazareli Jamisa, mainc gadagvarCens. Cveni daRla wmindaa. gaxsovT ilia
marTlis, saqarTvelos ugvirgvino mefis, gulSematkivaris, sibrZne, man rom
brZana didi filosofosis sityvebi; ~awmyo Sobili warsulisagan, aris mSobeli
momavlisa~. - laibnici. magram me vfiqrob laibnici ise poeturad, ise tevadad,
ise brwyinvaled ver brZanebda, rogorc didma iliam qarTulad ~awmyo Sobili
warsulisagan, aris mSobeli momavalisa~. uRmerTod araferi ar xdeba. meufe
anania futkris madliT Sromobda, Cumad, TavisTvis da Semdeg am didma Sromam
udidesi nayofi gamoiRo, me mixaria, rom aq umravlesTa gamobrZanebiT, mxolod
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erTis garda, iyo samarTliani Sefaseba misi naSromisa, radganac vici, romelic
saRmrTo saqmes ewireba da misTvis sicocxlec ar enaneba misi SeqebiT,
siyvaruliT, waxalisebiT da gaxarebiT unda daviwyoT da ara piriqiT, rom
gvegonos, viTom sxvam ukve dawera yvelaferi da meufe ananiam piriqiT. misi
naSromi aris didi qarTuli suliT imdenad axali Sedevri rom, rodesac mas
kiTxulob, siyvaruliT ivsebi. ai, batonma revazma, brZana sixaruliT da
siyvaruliT wavikiTxeo da Zalian bevri icis batonma revazma, Tumca revazi ori
gamobrZanda. batonebi revaz CxeiZe da revaz baramiZe, aq brZandeba saqarTvelos
dideba qalbatoni ana kalandaZe, mapatieT, axla SeiZleba Tqvan ra SuaSiao,
yvelaferia SuaSi, rom meufe ananias Rvawlis dasafaseblad mobrZanda
dRevandel dRes. aq cremliT brZana didebulma qalbatonma misi meufis
saswauli, rom RmerTma gadaarCina misi Svili da misi locvis daxmarebiT. meufe
anania eklesiaSi mobrZanda maSin, rodesac cecxliTa da maxviliT idevneboda
marTlmadidebloba, qristianoba, rodesac WeSmaritebas, simarTles da sinaTles
erqva crumorwmunoeba, ra Tqma unda, eSmakuri kuTxiT. ra Tqma unda, am
daRlil, didebul, brwyinvale sazogadoebas me aRar gadagRliT, me mxolod
imas mogaxsenebT, rac yvela gamomsvlelma TiTqmis brZana, rom es naSromi
aRemateba sakandidato xarisxs, sakandidato disertacias, Tqven aq iseTi brZeni
xalxi SekrebilxarT, kargad mogexsenebaT am Sromis gamonaklisi madli, da
gamoiTqva azri, rom es doqtoris wodebis simaRlezea, maSin Tu es amJamad ar
aris SesaZlo, vilocoT, rom male SevkrebiliyaviT misTvis sadoqtoro
xarisxis miniWebisaTvis. locavs meufe ananias maRali RmerTi, misi maRali
moRvaweobisaTvis, umaRlesi patriotuli moRvaweobisaTvis, romelic mis did,
maRal istoriaSia gamomJRavnebuli is did siyvaruli, poeturi qarTuli suli,
is natvra da yvelaferi. ar aris kidev uRmerTod araferi. meufe anania
brZandeboda pirveli axalcixeli episkoposi da dRes aris Salva axalcixelis
dRe, arc meufe ananiam icoda, rom am dRes daemTxveoda, arc mecnierebma albaT,
magram is, rom Salva axalcixelis dRes daemTxva meufe ananias brwyinvale,
brZnuli da niWieri naSromis madlia. RmerTma uwmindesis wminda locviT
daglocoT, meufe ananias locviT, Cven moZRvarTa locviT. aq brZandeba mama
zaqaria, romelic televiziiT xSirad gmoZRvravT, RmerTma yvela daglocoT da
gagaxaroT da uwmindesis locviT, mamaTaA locviT gadaarCinos saqarTvelo.
52
Tavmjdomare: aq aris Semosuli iakob axuaSvilis Txovna.
iakob axuaSvili (mecnieri):
meufe anania jafariZe gaxlavT is pirovneba, romelic Tavisi kalmiT,
Tavisi mravalmxrivi codniT mxarSi amoudga istoriis institutis mier
dawyebul moZraobas. iyo dro, rodesac qarTvel kacs ar hqonda ufleba
aRedgina Tavisi warTmeuli gvari da erovneba. batoni anania jafariZem bevri
iRvawa, albaT, yvela, umravlesoba vicnobT mis nawerebs, romelic
dakavSirebuli aris grigonianobasTan. mesame momentidan xazgasasmeli: Cven
yvelam viciT, rogor droSi gvixdeba cxovreba, mas Semdeg, rac meufe anania
movida manglisSi, daiwyo saeklesio aRmSenebloba. aq Cven gveswreba Savnabadas
winamZRvari mama Sio gabriWiZe ... aRdgenili iqna didebuli darbazebi. uamravi
mrevli, Savnabadidan dawyebuli saeklesio aRmSenebloba mimdinareobs sofel
walasyurSi, ukve mwyobrSi Cadga sofel kumisSi ori eklesia, mesamezec daiwyo
mSenebloba da dRes sofel kodaSi vasil barnovis sofelSi didi muSaoba aris
gaCaRebuli. asea, mTel qvemo qarTlSi ... sadac mas uxdeba moRvaweoba. aseve
unda vTqvaT, rom anania jafariZe aris im didebuli gvaris Camomavali,
romelTagan qarTul enciklopediaSi 28 jafariZea Setanili. Cems mier kidev 23
kacia gamovlenili samecniero xarisxis matarebeli. Cven ver avcdebiT
dadgenil wess, didi siamovnebiT xels movawerdi rom baton anania
jafariZesaTvis mieniWebinaT istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtoris xarisxi, radganac
am donis wignebi, vambob amas avtoritetulad, arc bevri gagavaCnia. didi
madloba yuradRebisaTvis.
rusudan waqvaZe (mecnieri):
me gaxlavarT Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis religiaTmcodneobis
kaTedris docenti da sasuliero akademiis pedagogi rusudan waqvaZe.
pativcemulo sazogadoeba, pativcemulo sabWo, ramdenime weliwadia piradad me
baton ananias wignebiT, imis SromebiT vaswavli Tbilisis saxelmwifo
53
universitetSi qarTuli eklesiiis istorias. aseve sayrdenad Cemi sagnis
swavlebaSi gamoyenebuli maqvs baton vaxtang goilaZis Sroma – qarTuli
eklesiis saTaveebTan. dRevandelma dacvam kidev erTxel aSkarad warmoaCina, Tu
raoden didi pasuxismgeblobis winaSe dgas Cveni saganmanaTleblo sistema,
rodesac mimdinareobs axali Rirebulebis Camoyalibebis procesi. Tavs
uflebas vaZlev pativcemuli sabWos winaSe Semovide winadadebiT Cemi
studentebis saxeliT, sabWom ganaTlebis saministros winaSe daayenos
oficialurad sakiTxi baton ananias mier gamocemuli ori tomis mimarT
saxelmZRvanelo grifis miniWebis Sesaxeb, rac saSualebas mogvcems
oficialurad, ra Tqma unda, Cven isedac viyenebT, rogorc saxelmZRvanelos,
magarm sxva aris, rodesac kidev roca is oficialurad nebadarTuli iqneba
ganaTlebis saministros mier. madlobas mogaxsenebT batono anania Tqveni
muxlCauxreli SromisaTvis, Tqveni sulierobisaTvis aw da maradis Tqveni
sityva darCeniliyos saqarTveloSi.
Tavmjdomare: gmadlobT, sabWo gaiTvaliswinebs Tqvens winadadebas.
fridon sixaruliZe:
baton ananias SromebSi qarTuli eklesiis istoria gaSlilia farTo
marTlmadidebluri samyaros fonze da es naSromSi Zalian kargadaa
warmodgenili. batoni anania Cveni didebuli moRvawea, tanjuli moRvawe, Salva
axalcixelis gzaze rom daayena is kuTxe da gana marto is, aq manglisi,
samsWavlis mflobeli mxare, mTel saqarTveloSi ismis misi xma da moZRvravs
ers. SromaSi kargadaa warmodgenili saqarTvelos eklesiis didi damsaxureba
saqarTvelos gareT, marto es kmara erT disertaciad. me vuerTdebi aq
gamoTqmul azrs da gisurvebT yovelive kargs.
54
deniza sumbaZe (mecnieri):
didi madloba qalbaton rusudan waqvaZes. man pirdapir brZana, is Sefaseba
romelic am Rvawls ekuTvnis. meufe ananias wignebi gaxlavT ukve saxelmZRvanelo.
mec SemiZlia davamato erTi faqti – petre iberis instrumentis saxelmZRvanelo
gaxlavT qarTuli eklesiis istoriisa. TavisTavad ukve is faqti, rom misi Sromebi
saxelmZRvanelo da samagido wignebs warmoadgens, gacilebiT ufro mets niSnavs,
vidre romelime samecniero xarisxi, iqneba is sakandidato, iqneba is sadoqtoro. me
minda, rom dRevandeli dRe ar darCes Cveni xmamaRali madlobis gareSe da me minda
giTxraT, rom is istoria, romelsac meufe anania wers, sasuliero piris mier
danaxuli eklesiis istoria ki ar aris mxolod, es aris namdvili saqarTvelos
istoria, romelsac Cven didxans viyaviT moklebuli. minda erTi faqti davasaxelo:
meufe ananiam Tavisi eklesiis istoriaSi axleburad daayena samociquli eklesiis
sakiTxi, es aris sruliad didi damsaxureba meufe ananiasi, es aris SemoqmedebiTi
damokidebuleba istoriisadmi, Tanamedroveobisadmi da aris didi sulieri simamace,
romelic Zalian xSirad ase akliaT Cvens mecnierebs. is faqti, rom ewodeba Cvens
eklesias ~samociqulo eklesia, marTlmadidebeli eklesia~, erovnuli ideologiuri
mniSvneloba aqvs da marto am sakiTxis dayeneba da dasabuTeba imisa, rom Cveni
eklesia samociquloa, ukve niSnavs erTi samecniero Sromis mowodebas, da meore is
udidesi xarvezi, romelic qarTuli eklesiis istorias aqvs, kerZod, andria
mociqulis mimosvlis sakiTxs, me TviTon mowme gaxlavarT. oci wlis win
wakiTxuli literaturiT SemiZlia vTqva amerikaSi gamocemuli literaturiT,
magaliTad lorenski exeba saerTod mociqulTa Rvawls da is mimoxilvas ivane
javaxiSvilis mier Sefasebas, rom andrias, rom andrias ar umogzauria
saqarTveloSi. es Zalian didi nakli gaxlavT, ara mxolod saqarTvelos
istoriisaTvis, aramed saerTod msoflio eklesiis istoriisaTvis, radganac andria
mociquls daaklda is didi Rvawli da madli, romelic saqarTvelos winaSe gaswia
da Tundac ai, am mxaris gamosworeba, am didi damsaxurebis Cveni meufisa, am
disetaciisa, marto amisaTvis mas ekuTvnoda is xarisxi, romelsac eZiebda. kidev
erTi sityva minda SemogkadroT: meuxerxuleba am didi RvawlisaTvis istoriul
mecnierebaTa kandidatis xarisxis miniWeba. es saxelmZRvanelo da samagido wignebia,
romelic yvela mecniers unda hqondes (taSi).
55
ciala ardaSelia (mwerali, publicisti)
uRrmesi madloba meufe ananias, kargad brZana qalbatonma denizam,
xarisxze arc aris laparaki, uyoymanod unda mieces doqtoris xarisxi, CemTvis
sxva azri ar arsebobs, metis Rirsia.
Tavmjdomare, daviT musxeliSvili (akademikosi):
Cveni sabWos muSaobaSi dRes mniSvnelovani dRea, mniSvnelovani movlenaa,
roca sasuliero piri icavs samecniero xarisxs. sasiamovnoa, rom esaa
saqarTvelos eklesiis mRvdelmTavari batoni anania jafariZe. es saerTod
mniSvnelovani movlenaa. aq iyo naTqvami, Sua saukuneebSi istorikosebi
ZiriTadad iyvnen sasuliero pirebi, radganac isini iyvnen mwignobari nawili
sazogadoebisa. me minda aRvniSno, rom esaa Sua saukuneebis mimarTeba. amJamad
neba mieciT istorikosebs imoqmedon ara rwmeniT, aramed mecnieruli
faqtorebiT. SeiZleba iyo magram esaa rwmenis sfero da rwmenis sfero araa
mecnierebis sfero. didi siamovnebiT minda aRvniSno is Sefaseba, romelic
miiRo batonma ananiam specialistebisagan, miuTiTebs, rom man Tavisi
dakisrebuli misia warmatebiT gadaWra, Seasrula is urTulesi amocana,
romelic misgan moiTxovda didi gambedaobas globaluri sakiTxebis gadaWras.
aq laparaki iyo, rom baton ananias miekuTvnos ufro maRali xarisxi, unda
vTqva, rom samwuxarod Cvens sabWos amis kompetencia ara aqvs, es ar aris
biurokratiuli damokidebuleba, saWiroa mTeli procedura, romlis erTi
safexuri gaviareT. meufe Tadeozis azrs davubrundebi, batoni anania mxne
kacia da kidev imuSavebs da kidev SevikribebiT siamovnebiT. aRvniSnav
kidev, radganac saxelmZRvaneloze iyo laparaki, Cven davsvamT am sakiTxs,
am wigniT ukve sargebloben, Tuki saxelmZRvanelos gakeTebaa,
saxelmZRvanelos baton ananiaze ukeT veravin gaakeTebs.
aucilebelia swavleba am wigniT. es problema gadaiWreba. dRevandeli
disertanti aris bednieri SemTxveva, roca rwmena da codna erTmaneTs eTanxmeba,
RmerTma ise qnas safuZveli, romelic meufem Cauyara, ganmtkicdes.
saqarTveloSi adre samRvdeloebas CamoSorda is funqcia, romelic mas hqonda
sazogadoebaSi, meufe ananias saqmianobiT mas ubrundeba es funqcia. pirveli
56
mociquli Tu andria iyo saqarTveloSi, meufe anania aris CvenTan am saqmeSi
(taSi).
gancxadebisaTvis sityvas iTxovs iRumeni Sio.
iRumeni mama Sio:
bednieri var rom es dRe dadga, roca Catexili xidi, romelic iyo
sasuliero da saero sferoTa Soris, aRdga Cveni am SekrebiT. me xSirad
vwuxdebodi, rom adamianebs ar esmiT saeklesio mxare. yovelTvis vcdilobdi am
mxriv gamekeTebina rame da dRes es Tqven gaakeTeT. eris gamamTlianebeli, fexze
damyenebebli aris misi inteligencia, Tqven xarT! me vamayob Cveni
istorikosebiT, yvelani gviyvarxarT da yvelaze vloculobT, da yvelaTi
vamayobT. bednierebi varT, rom dRes TqvenTan var, Cven yvelani gTvliT Cvens
maswavleblad da RmerTma daglocoT am lamazi funqciis tarebisaTvis. me minda
rom rogorc es dRe iyo Zalian bevri sixarulis momniWebeli, minda rom
SemogTavazoT Cvens monasterSi, Savnabadis monasterSi Tqveni stumroba. axla iq
gaCvenebT praqtikulad, razec Tqven aq Teoriulad muSaobT. me vgrZnobdi aq
madlis mosvlas. me bevrjer cremli momdioda Tqvens laparakze, qalbatoni rom
gamovida da sxvebi. me minda meufes vTxovo erTi ram, yvela saqmeSi
aucilebelia Semsrulebeli, Tu ar gavzardeT Semsrulebeli, ar gveqneba
momavali saqarTvelo. me gTxovT istorikosebs, ai, am kuTxiT, rogor
muSaobdnen Cveni winaprebi, ra aris darCenili aqedan, rogor iyo istoriulad,
struqtura, meurneoba, aRzrda da sxva. RmerTma daglocoT da gagaZlieroT.
madloba meufes, rom ase uyvarxarT. Cven yvelani gaRiarebT Tqven Cvens gulSi
doqtorad (mxiaruli xmauri).
Tavmjdomare: batonebo, davamTavroT, iwyeba kenWisyra kenWrisyris
Sedegebs aqveynebs doqtori ilia tabaRua:
ilia tabaRua: pativcemuli batonebo, sul sabWos wevria 16, eswreboda 15.
xma misca 15-ma sadisertacio sabWos gadawyvetilebiT meufe ananias erTxmad
mieniWa istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis xarisxi (taSi).
57
daskvna
mTavarepiskoposis anania jafariZis sakvalifikacio naSromze saqarTvelos
eklesiis istoria (Sua saukuneebi)
saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokefaliuri eklesiis kvleva-Zieba
gansakuTrebiT intensiurad mimdinareobda XIX saukunis bolosa da XX saukunis
dasawyisSi. amis mizezi iyo qarTvel sasuliero da saero mecnierTa survili
daemtkicebinaT ruseTis wminda sinodisa da msoflio sazogadoebisaTvis
ruseTis imperator, aleqsandre I manifestis arakanoniereba, romliTac
administraciuli wesiT gaauqma saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia. qarTvel
avtokefalistTa Tavdauzogavma brZolam Tavisi nayofi gamoiRo 1917 wlis 12
marts saqarTvelos eklesiam daibruna damoukidebloba da Seudga qarTveli
eris cxovrebaSi dakarguli funqciis dabrunebisaTvis brZolas, magram 1921
wlis 25 Tebervlis Semdeg, roca xelmeored moxda saqarTvelos dapyroba aw
ukve sabWoTa ruseTis mier saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis sakiTxebze muSaoba
oficialuri xelisuflebisaTvis miuRebeli iyo.
qarTul istoriografiaSi bolo samocdaaTi wlis manZilze Tu ram
iwereboda saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis sakiTxebze umetesad aTeisturi
poziciebidan. mTavarepiskoposis anania jafariZis mier sakandidato
disertaciis Temis ~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria (Sua saukuneebi)~ warmodgena
misasalmebelia. igi miznad isaxavs qarTul istoriografiaSi arsebuli am
seriozuli xarvezis aRmofxvras.
mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe qarTuli inteleqtualuri
sazogadoebisaTvis kargadaa cnobili. igi saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis
wminda sinodis wevria, manglisis eparqiis mmarTveli, amave dros presaSi
gamoqveynebuli araerTi saintereso publikaciis avtori. ori aTeuli welia igi
ikvlevs saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis problemebs. calke wignebad aqvs
dabeWdili saqarTvelos eklesiis mravaltomeulis ori tomi.
sadisertaciod warmodgenili naSromi Sedgeba Sesavlisa da Tormeti
Tavisagan. Cven ar SevudgebiT TiToeuli Tavis Sinaarsis gadmocemas. SevecdebiT
yuradReba gavamaxviloT naSromis Rirseba naklovanebebze.
mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe naSromis pirvel TavSi arkvevs
saqarTvelos avtokefaluri eklesiis samociqulo saxelwodebis sakiTxs.
58
qarTuli da ucxouri wyaroebis safuZvelze akad. iv. javaxiSvilis
Tvalsazrisis sawinaaRmdegod asabuTebs andria pirvelwodebulis
mociqulebrivi moRvaweobis realurobas I saukunis egrissa da iberiaSi.
naSromis Rirsebaa isic, rom avtori saintereso Tvalsazriss aviTarebs
III-IV saukuneebSi saqarTvelos eklesiis (pirobiTad) uflebrivi mdgomareobis
ierusalim-antioqia-konstantinepolis sapatriarqoebis damokidebulebaze
egrissa da qarTlis samwysoebze.
naSromSi kargadaa gaanalizebuli kavkasiaSi didi saeklesio
ganxeTqilebis sakiTxebi.
avtori dawvrilebiT ganixilavs saqarTvelos gaerTianebis sakiTxebs da
qarTuli eklesiis rols gaerTianebis saqmeSi. aseve sainteresodaa warmoCenili
religiur-konfensiuri problemebi XVI-XVIII saukuneebis saqarTveloSi, rodesac
qveyana provinciul saqarTveloebad daiSala da daiwyo eklesiuri separatizmi
(samcxis, dasavleT saqarTvelos, mcxeTis sakaTalikozodan gamoyofa)
saqarTvelos eklesiis mesveurni ver gaumklavdnen erTis mxriv qveynis samxreT-
dasavleT nawilSi mahmadianobis, grigorianuli qristianobisa da kaTolike
misionerebis propagandas da daiwyo qarTvelTa denacionalizaciis saSineli
procesi. am viTarebaSi marTlmadidebloba qarTvelobis SenarCunebas niSnavda.
ar iziarebs im Tvalsazriss, rom kaTalikos-patriarq anton I TiTqos
kaTolikuri cdomileba hqonda.
naSromSi kargadaa gaanalizebuli ruseTis mTavrobis imperialisturi
miznebi saqarTvelos eklesiis mimarT, avtokefaliis gauqmeba, rusi
egzarqosebis antieklesiuri saqmianoba. brZola avtokefaliis aRsadgenad da
avtokefaliis aRdgena.
gvaqvs garkveuli SeniSvnebic:
1. sadavod migvaCnia avtoris Tvalsazrisi V saukuneSi qarTlis
samefosa da qarTlis sakaTalikosos iurisdiqciis sazRvrebis Sav zRvasa da
md. klisuraze (afxazeTi) ganvrcobis Sesaxeb.
2. avtoreferatSi ar aisaxa afxazTa sakaTalikozos sakiTxi (VIII-X ss.),
rogor moxda saqarTvelos politikuri gaerTianebis dros mcxeTis
sakaTalikozos iurisdiqciis gavrceleba sruliad saqarTveloze, rac
aucilebeli iyo.
59
3. mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe didi xnis manZilze muSaobda
saqarTvelos eklesiis diptixis sakiTxebze marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa Soris.
misi gamokvleva daedo safuZvlad msoflios sapatriarqosgan saqarTvelos
eklesiis istoriuli avtokefaliis cnobas. sasurveli iyo avtoreferatSi
asaxuliyo es sakiTxebi.
es SeniSvnebi odnavac ar Crdilavs naSromis Rirsebebs. sulxan-saba
orbelianis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo pedagogiuri universitetis
istoriis fakultetis samecniero sabWo da saqarTvelos istoriis kaTedra
naSroms afasebs dadebiTad.
istoriis fakultetis dekani
docenti s. vardosaniZe
saqarTvelos istoriis kaTedris
gamge, profesori sv. gamsaxurdia
pasuxi wamyvan organizacias
uRrmes madlobas movaxseneb sulxan-saba orbelianis saxelobis Tbilisis
saxelmwifo pedagogiuri universitetis istoriis fakultetis dekans, istoriis
mecnierebaTa kandidats, docent sergo vardosaniZes da amave universitetis
saqarTvelos istoriis kaTedris gamges profesor svimon gamsaxurdias Cemi
sadisertacio naSromis dadebiTi SefasebisaTvis.
rac Seexeba SeniSvnebs, mogaxsenebT Semdegs:
1. pativcemul recenzentebs sadavod miaCniaT Cemi Tvalsazrisi imis
Sesaxeb, rom V saukuneSi qarTlis samefosa da qarTlis sakaTalikosos
iurisdiqciis sazRvari Sav zRvamde da mdinare klisuramde afxazeTSi
vrceldeboda.
naSromSi saTanadod maqvs dasabuTebuli, rom uklebriv yvela Zveli
qarTuli saistorio wyaro, ~moqcevai qarTlisais~, ~qarTlis cxovrebis~
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avtorebi, leonti mrovelis, juanSeris, vaxuStis monacemebi sxvadasxvagvari
daskvnis gamotanis saSualebas ar iZlevian.
akademikosi simon janaSia werda: ~juanSeris Sexedulebas, rom qarTlis
mmarTvelis xelisufleba vrceldeboda ara mxolod marto sakuTriv qarTlze,
kaxeTsa da tao-klarjeTze, aramed egriszec, afxazeTis samTavros sazRvramde,
istoriuli marcvali udevs safuZvlad~.
batonma zaza aleqsiZem miuTiTa, rom VII saukunisaTvis SemuSavebuli
zepiri Tu werilobiTi tradicia ~qarTul eklesias mTlianad aRmosavleTisa
da dasavleTis momcvelad warmoadgens~.
ZvelqarTuli wyaroebi, rogorc aRvniSneT, qarTul eklesias, aRmosavleT
da dasavleT saqarTvelos momcvelad warmoadgens IV saukunidanve. SoTa
mesxias TvalsazrisiT, qveynis politikuri erTobis ~yoveli qarTlis~
mTlianobis SegrZneba arsebobda VIII saukunis Sua wlebamde~ (nark. II, gv. 19).
akademikos daviT musxeliSvilis TvalsazrisiT, vaxtang gorgaslis
xanaSi egrisi qarTlis samefoSi Sedioda. axlaxans xelSi Camivarda V saukunis
ruka, Sedgenili baton daviT musxeliSvilis mier, romelSic swored aseTi
politikuri viTarebaa asaxuli.
saeklesio kanonebis Sesabamisad, eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvari Tan
gasdevs politikur-administraciuls. am kanonze dayrdnobiT miviCnevT, rom V
saukuneSi qarTlis sakaTalikosos sazRvari gasdevda mematianeTa mier
aRniSnul qarTlis samefos saxelmwifo sazRvrebs.
2. pativcemuli recenzentebi aRniSnaven, rom avtoreferatSi ar aisaxa
afxazTa sakaTalikosos sakiTxi (VIII-X saukuneebSi), rogor moxda saqarTvelos
politikuri gaerTianebis dros mcxeTis sakaTalikosos iurisdiqciis
gavrceleba sruliad saqarTveloze.
aRniSnuli sakiTxis Sesaxeb pativcemul recenzentebs movaxseneb, rom
warmogenili sadisertacio naSromia: `saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria Sua
sukuneebSi – XII-XVII saukuneebi~, romelsac win erTvis qarTuli eklesiis
istoriis mimoxilva I-VI saukuneebSi. VI saukunis Semdgomi xana XII saukunemde
disertaciaSi ar aris asaxuli, amitomac arc avtoreferatSi aisaxa. magram,
miuxedavad amisa, aRniSnul saukuneTa didi mniSvnelobis gamo maT Sesaxeb sxva
TavebSi aris saTanado msjeloba. axlaxan gamoica saqarTvelos samociqulo
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eklesiis istoriis II tomi, romelSic aRniSnuli sakiTxi vrclad aris
ganxiluli.
3. pativcemuli recenzentebi mesame SeniSvnaSi aRniSnaven, rom me didi
xnis manZilze vmuSaobdi saqarTvelos eklesiis diptixis sakiTxze
marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa Soris, amitomac sasurvelad miiCnies, rom diptixis
sakiTxi asaxuliyo avtoreferatSi.
baton recenzentebs madlobas movaxseneb Cemi naSromis dafasebisaTvis,
diptixis sakiTxze marTlac didxans vmuSaobdi, mis Sesaxeb vrceli msjeloba
maqvs Cemi gamokvlevis II tomSi, rac Seexeba disertacias, masSi marTlac
saTanadod ar aisaxa aRniSnuli sakiTxi, radgan diptixis Temas me mivakuTvneb
XI saukunes – saqarTvelos sapatriarqos Camoyalibebis xanas, masze vrclad ar
SevCerebulvar, Tumca aRniSnul sakiTxs vexebi ferara-florenciis saeklesio
krebasTan (1438-1445) dakavSirebiT, saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis XV saukunis
gadmocemisas.
kidev erTxel vmadlob da vlocav pativcemul recenzentebs.
gamoxmaureba
mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis naSromze ~saqarTvelos samociqulo
eklesiis istoria~ (t.I, 1996, t.II, 1998)
mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis
istoriis~ ori tomi avtoris mravalwliani Sromis nayofia. am problemaze bevr
swavluls umuSavia da muSaobs dResac, magram fundamenturi Semajamebeli
monografiis Seqmna mis yovladusamRvdeloesobas xvda wilad.
1845 wlis Semdeg, roca platon ioselianma gamoaqveyna pirveli wigni
saqarTvelos eklesiis Sesaxeb, dRemde am xasiaTis naSromebi TiTze
CamosaTvlelia. meufe ananias ortomiani naSromi mniSvnelovnad avsebs am
xarvezs.
avtori problemas farTo masStabiT udgeba. igi saqarTvelos eklesiis
istorias ganixilavs saqarTvelos politikuri orientaciisa da misi
istoriuli ganviTarebis WrilSi. amitomac sakuTriv eklesiis istoriis
sakiTxebis gaSuqebamde igi mimoixilavs qarTveli eris eTnogenezisis, misi
62
gansaxlebis, teritoriuli sazRvrebis, saxelmwifoebriobis, enisa da erovnul
TviTSegnebasTan dakavSirebul mTel rig problemebs, rogorc aucilebel
substrats eklesiis istoriis ConCxis asagebad. am nawilSi avtori avlens
saSur erudicias, rac uadvilebs mas urTules sakiTxebSi garkvevas da kvlevis
swori mimarTulebiT warmarTvas.
erT-erT mniSvnelovan siaxled naSromisa mimaCnia avtoris Tamami, magram
bizantiur kanonikur wyaroebze uryevad dafuZnebuli debuleba, I-II saukuneebSi
anu mociqulTa xanaSi saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalurobis Sesaxeb. es
savsebiT Seesabameba Tavdapirvel viTarebas saqristianoSi, vidre qristes
religia saxelmwifo aRmsareblobad gamocxaddeboda.
aseve interess moklebuli ar aris avtoris msjeloba imis Taobaze, rom
qarTlis eklesiis erovnul niadagze gadayvana (erovnebiT qarTveli
kaTalikosis arCeva, qarTuli enisaTvis saliteraturo enis statusis miniWeba)
ganpirobebuli iyo sparseTis xelisuflebis mcdelobiT CamoeSorebinaT
qarTli berZnuli gavlenisagan. am gardamtex periods ukavSirebs avtori
asurul diofizit mamaTa Camosvlas, ramac gaaZliera qarTlis eklesiis
winaaRmdegoba somxuri monofizituri eklesiis mimarT. yovelive aman, rogorc
avtori askvnis, xeli Seuwyo saqarTveloSi eklesiis avtokefalurobis aRdgenas
(da ara mopovebas, rogorc SeiZleba gvefiqra).
ortomian naSromSi bevri saintereso sakiTxia axleburad dayenebuli da
gadawyvetili, bevri faqtobrivi masalaa koncentrirebuli TiToeuli
problemis gadasawyvetad; zogierTi gadawyveta SeiZleba sadaodac gamoCndes,
SeiZleba uzustobebic SevniSnoT, magram calkeuli xarvezebi odnavadac ver
miayenebs Crdils swavluli mRvdelmTavris monumentur naSroms.
es mcire gamoxmaureba, bunebrivia, ver moicavs naSromSi dayenebul
sakiTxTa CamoTvlasac ki. aRar vlaparakobT zogierTi maTganis gamowvlilviT
warmoCenaze. davkmayofildebiT imis aRniSvniT, rom ~saqarTvelos samociqulo
eklesiis istoria~ samamulo humanitaruli mecnierebis mniSvnelovani SenaZenia,
romelic samagido wigni unda iyos ara mxolod saqarTvelos eklesiis, aramed,
sazogadod, qarTuli kulturis mkvlevarisaTvis.
naSromi oTx tomad aris ganzraxuli. es imas niSnavs, rom igi mTlianad
moicavs saqarTvelos eklesiis istorias misi Seqmnidan dRemde. Tumca, unda
iTqvas, rom eklesiis istoria pirobiTi terminia: eklesia maradiuli awmyoa,
63
misi ganviTarebis yoveli etapi yovel awmyoSi anu dResac aqtualobas
inarCunebs. avtori ar aRiqvams am etapebs, rogorc absolutur warsuls. amis
dasturia misi winadadeba imis Taobaze, rom saqarTvelos eklesia oficialurad
iseve iwodebodes, rogorc mTeli istoriis manZilze iwodeboda: ~saqarTvelos
samociqulo eklesia~, nacvlad ~saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisa~,
romelic namdvilad ar gamoxatavs eklesiis arss istoriul perspeqtivaSi.
saqarTvelos eklesia samociquloa Tavisi warmoSobiT, ramdenadac mociqulebis
– andriasa da simonis garda, rogorc avtori rwmeniT da sabuTianobiT
fiqrobs, qarTveli da qarTveluri tomebiT dasaxlebul teritoriaze sxva
mociqulebsac uqadagniaT.
saqarTvelos eklesiis saxelwodebasTan dakavSirebiT mowiwebiT unda
gamovTqva erTi SeniSvna. Tumca Sromis saTaurSi saxelwodebad gatanili
~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia~, teqstSi xSiria SemTxveva mis Senacvlebisa
~qarTuli eklesiiT~, rac filetizmis Tumca terminologiur, magram mainc
gaumarTlebel gamovlenad mimaCnia. ver gagvamarTlebs is faqti, rom ivane
javaxiSvili Tavis nawerebSi iyenebs termins ~qarTuli eklesia~. qristes eklesia
ar SeiZleba iyos, ~qarTuli~, iseve rogorc ~rusuli~, ~serbuli~ da sxva, aramed
~kaTolike~, rogorc mrwamsSi vkiTxulobT: ~erTi kaTolike da samociqulo
eklesia~. rac Seexeba termins ~berZnuli eklesia~, igi aRmsareblobiTi cnebis
gamomxatvelia da masSi erovnuli berZnuli ar igulisxmeba.
dasasrul, siamovnebiT unda aRvniSnoT, rom meufe anania Cvens
samRvdeloTa Soris erTi im gamonaklisTagania, romelic samwyemsTavro
moRvaweobsTan erTad daucxromelad iRwvis samecniero asparezzec, riTac Cvens
droSi agrZelebs Tavis winamorbed swavlul sasuliero pirTa da
mRvdelTmTavarTa – arseni safarelis, efrem mciris, kaTolikosebis kirionis,
kalistrates da sxvaTa – Rvawls. vusurvebT meufe ananias wamowyebuli Sromis
warmatebiT gansrulebas.
mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe naSromisaTvis ~saqarTvelos
samociqulo eklesia~ savsebiT imsaxurebs saZiebel samecniero xarisxs.
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis profesori
filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori z. kiknaZe
64
ramdenime mosazreba mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis
sakandidato disertaciaze ~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria~
(avtoreferatis mixedviT)
amTaviTve unda iTqvas, rom mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis
~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriis~ ortomeuli, Tavisi RirsebebiT
warmoadgens qarTuli istoriografiis sayuradRebo SenaZens da mniSvnelovnad
aWarbebs sakandidato disertaciisaTvis wayenebul moTxovnebs.
avtoris umTavresi damsaxureba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom man qarTuli,
bizantiuri da zogierTi sxva ucxouri wyaroebis momarjvebiT SeZlo daewera
vrceli gamokvleva qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiis istoriis Sesaxeb.
aseTi naSromis saWiroeba didi xania igrZnoboda da axla SeiZleba Tamamad
iTqvas, rom qarTul istoriografiaSi arsebuli es xarvezi Sevsebulia. Cven
xelT gvaqvs mecnierebis Tanamedrove donis Sesaferisi gamokvleva, romelic
Tanabrad daainteresebs mkiTxvelebs rogorc sasuliero, ise saero wreebidan.
avtoreferatidanac ki kargad sCans, Tu raoden didi raodenobis
wyaroebi da literatura Seuswavlia disertants. garda amisa, rom es xangrZliv
da Sromatevad muSaobas moiTxovda, saWiro iyo am uamravi masalis ise gaazreba
da ganzogadeba, rom avtors originaluri mkvlevaris pozicia ar daekarga.
meufe anania jafariZem es SesaniSnavad SesZlo da mis wignSi mTeli rigi
paragrafebisa aqamde istoriografiaSi gamouyenebeli masalebis mxolod mis
mier moxmobis Sedegadaa dawerili.
Cems mizans ar Seadgens yvela maTganis aRniSvna am mcire gamoxmaurebaSi.
magram aucileblad mimaCnia erT maTganze mainc SevaCero yuradReba. es gaxlavT
imis dasabuTeba, rom qarTuli eklesia samociquloa da igi Tavidanve iyo
avtokefaluri, ramdenadac ~pirveli eklesiebi daarsebulni mociqulTa mier
iyvnen avtokefalurni erTmaneTis mimarT (gv. 14).
naSromis mTel Sinaars, avtoris kvlevisa da msjelobis maneras da arss
aSkarad etyoba, rom ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria~ sasuliero
piris dawerilia, igrZnoba saRvTo werilis, saeklesio mwerlobis da saeklesio
krebebis mier SemuSavebuli sjulis kanonebis Rrma codna da TxrobaSi maTi
profesiuli gamoyeneba. es mxarec naSromis mniSvnelovan Rirsebas warmoadgens.
65
cxadia, ase vrceli wignebis dawera xarvezebis gareSe SeuZlebelia,
Tumca Cvenis azriT, mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis naSroms arsebiTi
xasiaTis naklovanebani ar axasiaTebs.
survilis saxiT ki gvinda SevniSnoT, rom meored gamocemisas avtorma
meti yuradReba unda miaqcios saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis periodizaciis
problemebs. yoveli ganmazogadebeli saistorio xasiaTis naSromisaTvis es
sakiTxTa sakiTxia. amdenad, gamokvlevis Tavebad saukuneebis gamoyofa, rogorc
es warmodgenil sadisertacio naSromSia mocemuli mTlad gamarTlebulad ver
CaiTvleba. ramdenadac - yvela saukunis dasawyissa Tu dasasruls ar iwyeba da
arc mTavrdeba movlenebi, romlebic SeiZleba niSansvetad gamodges
periodizaciis dros.
rogorc dasawyisSive vTqviT, mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe,
warmodgenili naSromiT savsebiT imsaxurebs istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis
samecniero xarisxs.
quTaisis saxelmwifo universitetis
saqarTvelos istoriis kaTedris gamge,
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori: g. mWedliZe
gamoxmaureba
mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis sakandidato disertaciaze ~saqarTvelos
samociqulo eklesiis istoria (Sua saukuneebi)~
mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis sadisertacio naSromi - ~saqarTvelos
samociqulo eklesiis istoria~ - vfiqroT, gansakuTrebuli movlenaa qarTul
istoriografiaSi. arsebiTad, esaa pirveli cda - Seiqmnas saqarTvelos
eklesiis istoriis ganmazogadebeli monografia saistorio mecnierebis
miRwevebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
rogorc cnobilia, saqarTvelos ekleiis istoriis sakiTxebis kvleva XIX
saukunis II naxevarSi daiwyo. igi gaaqtiurda saqarTvelos eklesiis
avtokefaliis aRdgenisaTvis brZolis periodSi (1905 wlidan). Seiqmna ramdenome
monografia, maT Soris – ganmazogadebeli naSromebic, magram 1917 wlis
66
revoluciis Semdeg am mimarTulebiT muSaoba TiTqmis sruliad Sewyda
aTeisturi reJimis damyarebis Sedegad. ukanasknel xanebSi kvlav ganaxlda
saqarTvelos eklesiis sakiTxebis kvleva, gamovlinda axali saistorio
masalebi, daiwera ara erTi da ori sayuradRebo monografia, magram
saqarTvelos istoriis Sesaxeb pirveli ganmazogadebeli naSromis Seqmnis
pativi saeklesio moRvawes – mTavarepiskopos ananias xvda wilad. Cveni azriT,
es araa SemTxveviTi movlena, aramed ukanasknel aTwleulebSi saqarTvelos
eklesiis aRorZinebis naTeli gamoxatuleba. qarTuli eklesia tradiciulad
mecnieruli codnisa da literaturuli Semoqmedebis burji iyo. swavla-
ganaTlebisaTvis zrunva da mecnieruli kvleva eklesias Tavis erT-erT mTavar
funqciad miaCnda. sasixaruloa, rom eklesiis gaaqtiureba, pirvel yovlisa, am
aspeqtiT gamovlinda.
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis sruli kursis Seqmnis sapatio amocanis
gadawyveta mxlod didi erudiciisa da gaqanebis, titanuri Sromis unaris mqone
mkvlevars SeeZlo, romelsac maRal niWierebasTan erTad, saqmisadmi fanatikuri
siyvaruli da erTguleba unda hqonoda. siamovnebiT unda aRiniSnos, rom
mTavarepiskoposi anania swored aseTi mkvlevari aRmoCnda. Cvens winaSea
monumenturi naSromi, romlis avtori Zvel saistorio wyaroebze da
Tanamedrove qarTul istoriografiaze dayrdnobiT, detalurad ganixilavs
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis TiTqmis yvela sakiTxs, romelTa mometebuli
nawili axleburadaa gaazrebuli, gamotanilia mravali didmniSvnelovani
daskvna.
eklesiis istoria imdenad mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli qveynis politikur
istoriasTan, rom maTi urTierTizolirebuli Seswavla SeuZlebelia. amitom
mTavarepiskoposis ananias naSromSi didi adgili eTmoba qarTuli eris
istoriis yvela didmniSvnelovan sakiTxs. eklesiis istoria warmodgenilia
qveynis socialur-ekonomikuri, eTnikuri, politikuri da kulturuli panoramis
fonze.
aseTma globalurma kvlevam avtors SeaZlebina axleburad gaeazrebina
ara marto sakuTriv eklesiis problematika, aramed qveynis saero istoriac.
wignSi imdeni mecnieruli siaxlea (rogorc hipoTezebisa da calkeul
movlenaTa axleburi interpretaciis, ise mtkice argumentaciaze damyarebuli
67
mtkicebulebis saxiT), rom maTi marto CamoTvla albaT ramdenime aTeul gverds
daikavebda.
avtori xSirad ubrundeba da aRrmavebs wina TavebSi ganxilul sakiTxebs,
axali argumentaciiT asabuTebs adre gamoTqmul debulebebs.
unda aRiniSnos, rom naSromSi Camoyalibebulia araerTi saxelmZRvanelo
debuleba. SemuSavebulia koncefcia saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis
mociqulebrivi warmomavlobisa, xazgasmulia qarTuli eklesiis roli
qarTvelTa erovnuli TviTSegnebis aRdgenis, eris zneobrivi amaRlebis,
kulturis aRorZinebis saqmeSi. naSromSi daZleulia araerTi mniSvnelovani
sakiTxis mcdari gadawyvetis stereotipi.
siamovnebiT unda aRiniSnos, rom dReisaTvis saqarTvelos eklesiis
istoriis specialuri kursi ramdenime sasuliero da saero saswavlebelSi
ikiTxeba. erT-erTi maTgania Tbilisis sulxan-saba orbelianis saxelobis
saxelmwifo pedagogiuri universiteti, sadac ukve 6 welia, muSaobs
qristianuli kulturis istoriis kaTedra. qristianuli kulturis istoriis
specialobis studentTaTvis aq bolo 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos
eklesiis istoriis kursi ZiriTadad mTavarepiskopos ananias naSromis
mixedviT ikiTxeba. vfiqrobT, am SesaniSnavi naSromis mniSvneloba
momavalSi ufro ukeT warmoCndeba.
Tbilisis sulxan-saba orbelianis
saxelobis saxelmwifo pedagogiuri
universitetis qarTuli qristianuli
kulturis istoriis kaTedris gamge,
profesori lela xaCiZe
amave kaTedris ufrosi
maswavlebeli eqvTime (Tamaz) koWlamazaSvili
68
recenzia
istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxis
mosapoveblad warmodgenil mTavarepiskoposis
anania jafariZis naSromze ~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria
(Sua saukuneebi)~
istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad
warmodgenili mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis naSromi ~saqarTvelos eklesiis
istoria (Sua saukuneebi)~, Tbilisi 1999, saqarTvelos istoriis erT-erTi
yvelaze aqtualuri problemis Seswavlisadmi miZRvnil
fundamenturAmonografiul gamokvlevas warmoadgens, originaluri ar viqnebi
Tu vityvi, rom marTlmadidebluri qarTuli eklesia saqarTvelosa da
qarTveli eris gadarCenis mniSvnelovani faqtori iyo da aseTad rCeba dResac.
saukuneTa manZilze qarTul erovnul TviTSegnebas, erovnul TviTmyofadobas,
erovnul Tavmoyvareobas qristianuli eklesia asazrdoebda. qarTuli eklesia
iyo sulierebis is navsayudeli, romelic omebis, sxvadasxva juris
dampyrobelTa Semosevebis Sedegad zogjer srul ganadgurebamde misul
qarTvelobas sicocxlis gagrZelebis survils da ukeTesi momavlis rwmenas
unergavda.
qarTuli eklesia-monastrebi udidess saganmanaTleblo kerebs
warmoadgendnen. iqaa swored saZiebeli qarTuli damwerlobis hagiografiuli
da saistorio mwerlobis materialuri da sulieri kulturis saTaveebi.
Tanamedrove etapze qarTuli eklesiis istoriisadmi miZRvnil seriozul
samecniero gamokvlevebis Seqmnas sruliad gansakuTrebuli, me vityodi,
sasicocxlo mniSvneloba eniWeba. miuxedavad imisa, rom dRes saqarTvelo
damoukidebeli demokratiuli qveyanaa, romelic cdilobs Tavisi momavali
saxelmwifoebriobis Senoba samarTlebriv safuZvelze aagos, qarTuli eklesia
sakmaod rTuli problemebis winaSe dgas. upirveles yovlisa, mxedvelobaSi
maqvs Cvens qveyanaSi sxvadasxva konfesiebisa da marTlmadidebluri
eklesiisadmi sakmaod agresiulad ganwyobili seqtebis momravleba, ramac ar
SeiZleba ziani ar miayenos saqarTvelos sazogadoebis sulier samyaros da
saukuneTa manZilze gamomuSavebul tradiciebsa da Rirebulebebs.
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am viTarebaSi mTavarepiskoposis anania jafariZis naSromis gamoCena,
romelic saqarTvelos patriarqis, uwmindesi da unetaresi ilia II-is locva-
kurTxeviTaa STagonebuli, sinaTlis Suqs hgavs, romelmac qveyanaSi arsebuli
sulieri burusi unda gafantos.
sarecenzio naSroms araerTi Rirseba gaaCnia:
upirveles yovlisa, unda aRiniSnos misi wyaroTmcodneobiTi bazis
simdidre da mravalferovneba. avtori farTod iyenebs ZvelqarTul saistorio
mwerlobas (~moqcevai qarTlisai~-s sxvadasxva redaqciebis), qarTuli
hagiografiis Sedevrebs (~wamebai wmindisai SuSanikisi dedoflisai~,
~martvilobai wmindisa evstaTi mcxeTelisai~, ~wamebai haboisi...~, ~wamebai
yrmaTai ricxviT cxraTa~, ~cxovrebai da moqalaqeobai iovane zedaznelisai~ da
sxva), kanonikuri xasiaTis Zeglebs, msoflio saeklesio krebebis dadgenilebebs,
mociqulTa kanonebs, eklesiis mamebis epistoleebs, saqarTvelos saeklesio
krebebis kanonebs, Zvel liturgikul Zeglebs, saeklesio iuridiul
dokumentebs, saeklesio kanonikuri kodeqsis qarTul Targmanebs (~didi
sjuliskanoni~ da ~mcire sjuliskanoni~).
sadisertacio gamokvlevaSi sruladaa moxmobili berZnul-laTinuri,
somxurisparsuli da osmaluri werilobiTi wyaroebic. amasTanave
gaTvaliswinebulia bolo wlebSi saqarTveloSi mopovebuli arqeologiuri
monapovari.
yvela CamoTvlili da sxva am rigis aTeulobiT werilobiT wyaroebs
disertanti istoriul-SedarebiTi meTodis gamoyenebiT moSveliebiT iazrebs.
mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe srulad flobs arCeuli sakvlevi
problemis irgvliv dRes arsebul samecniero literaturas. avtori aqac farTo
erudicias da kritikuli analizis misabaZ unars amJRavnebs.
naSromSi STambeWdavadaa warmodgenili qarTuli eklesiis Seswavlis
istoria Sua saukuneebidan moyolebuli dRemde, efrem mciredan dawyebuli XX
s-is 80-90 wlebSi qarTveli da ucxoeli avtorebis mier Seqmnili samecniero
produqciiT damTavrebuli.
Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mTavarepiskoposis anania jafariZis
sadisertacio gamokvleva qarTuli eklesiis Seswavlis axal seriozul etaps
warmoadgens. igi sakvlevi problemis kompleqsuri Seswavlis sanimuSo
magaliTia.
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miuxedavad imis, rom disertaciis qvesaTaurSi sakvlevi periodi Sua
saukuneebiTaa Semofargluli, Tavad naSromSi qarTuli eklesiis 20 saukunovani
istoria Tanmimdevrulad da sistemuradaa warmodgenili.
bunebrivia, rom ~qarTuli eklesiis istoria (~Sua saukuneebi)~ araerT
sayuradRebo da angariSgasawev siaxles Seicavs. mTavari ki mainc isaa, rom
qarTuli eklesiis 20 saukunovani istoria faqtobrivad pirvelad daiwera.
axalia avtoris mier problemis kvlevis kompleqsuri meTodic. axalia
avtoriseuli argumentebi I-II saukuneebSi qarTuli eklesiis arsebobis Taobaze.
axalia disertantis msjeloba qarTulSi qristianobis gamocxadebis
garemoebaTa, axali religiisa da sagareo politikuri orientaciis
urTierTmimarTebaTa Sesaxeb. Znelia ar daeTanxmo avtoriseul im axal
Tezasac, romlis Tanaxmadac, qarTuli sazogadoeba zemodan zewolis
miuxedavad, ~Semzadebuli iyo~ IV s-Si oficialur religiad qristianobis
gamocxadebisaTvis. axalia avtoris mier gamoTqmuli Tvalsazrisi IV-V ss-Si
qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebis lokalizaciis Sesaxebac da a. S.
sadisertacio naSromis struqtura savsebiT Seesabameba mis miznebsa da
amocanebs. igi Sedgeba Sesavalis, Tormeti Tavisa da daskvnisagan. naSroms
axlavs sruliad unikaluri danarTi – wmidaTa saxelebi.
mTavarepiskoposis anania jafariZis sadisertacio naSromis ZiriTadi
Sinaarsi da debulebebi didi xania, rac farTodaa aprobirebuli Cvens
mkiTxvel sazogadoebaSi. disertantis avtorobiT Seqmnili ortomeuli, 1996-1998
wlebSi gamoqveynebuli ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria~, imTaviTve
iqca saqarTvelos istoriisa da kulturis istoriiT dainteresebuli farTo
wreebis samagido wignad. igive SeiZleba iTqvas mTavarepiskoposis iseT
naSromebze, rogoricaa ~qarTveli eris warmoSobis Sesaxeb~, Tb., 1997,
~qarTvelTa winaprebis bibliuri istoria~, Tb., 1994, narkvevebze ~saingilo~, Tb.,
1998, ~mesxeTi~, Tb., 1998 da sxva avtoriseul gamokvlevebze.
axla Tu yovelive zemoaRniSnuls SevajamebT, im erTaderT marTebul
daskvnamde mivalT, rom sapaeqrod warmodgenili mTavarepiskoposis anania
jafariZis sadisertacio naSromi ~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria (Sua
saukuneebi)~, Tbilisi, 1999, warmoadgens konceptualurad mwyobr axal
fundamentur mecnierul gamokvlevas, romelic scildeba sakandidato
71
disertaciisadmi wayenebul moTxovnebs da udavod ufro maRal samecniero
xarisxs imsaxurebs.
saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis
saqarTvelos istoriisa da qarTuli
kulturis istoriis kaTedris gamge,
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriisa
da eTnografiis institutis mTavari mecnier
TanamSromeli, qarTveli xalxis eTnogenezis
kompleqsuri Seswavlis saproblemo
jgufis xelmZRvaneli, istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori,
profesori n. xazaraZe
Tbilisi, 25 ivnisi 1999 w.
gamoxmaureba mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis sakandidato disertaciis
avtoreferatze - ~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria (Sua saukuneebi)~
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis sakiTxebi didi xania sxvadasxva Taobis
rogorc qarTvelTa, ise araqarTvel mkvlevarTa yuradRebas imsaxurebs. eklesia
Cveni saxelmwifosa da misi mravalsaukunovani istoriis sisxlxorceuli nawili,
arasodes yofila gulgrili im sazogadoebrivi procesebis mimarT, rasac
periodulad adgili hqonda Cvens istoriaSi. amdenad, ukanaskneli aTwleulis
ganmavlobaSi adamianTa cxovrebaSi momxdarma gardaqmnebma TavisTavad moiTxoves
axleburi damokidebuleba religiuri da saeklesio faseulobebis mimarT. Tu
gaviTvaliswinebT, rom mniSvnelovanma siaxleebma Tavi iCina TviT eklesiis
cxovrebaSic, maSin advili gasagebi iqneba saqarTvelos patriarqis uwmindesisa da
unetaresis ilia meoris davaleba sinodis wevrebisadmi moemzadebinaT masalebi
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliisa da saqarTvelos eklesiis adgilis Sesaxeb
msoflio marTlmadideblur samyaroSi, rac ara marto drouli, aramed imis
maniSnebelic iyo, rom aucileblobidan gamomdinare mecnieruli siaxleebis da
RirebulebaTa gadafasebis gaTvaliswinebiT unda Seqmniliyo naSromi, romelic
srulad warmoaCenda saqarTvelos eklesiis did Rvawls qarTveli eris, misi
72
saxelmwifoebriobisa da saerTod msoflio qristianobis istoriaSi. aRniSnulidan
gamomdinare, pativcemuli disertanti movale iyo gaeTvaliswinebina ara marto is
memkvidreoba, rac arsebobda mecnierebaSi sakvlev sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, aramed
Seevso kidec isini dRemde ucnobi masalebiT da aseve sruliad axleburad
warmoeCina rigi sakiTxebisa. amis Sesaxeb kargad aris miTiTebuli avtoreferatSi
(ix. gv. 4. - ~samecniero siaxle~)
pativcemuli disertantis mier muSaobis procesSi gamoyenebuli kvlevis
meTodologia da meTodebi mas warmoaCens, rogorc fundamentalur mkvlevars,
xolo misTvis, rogorc istorikosisaTvis, damaxasiaTebeli analitikuri
azrovneba saSualebas aZlevs avtoreferatSi mokled mogvawodos
pirvelwyaroebi, moaxdinos maTi urTierTSejereba da miuxedavad zogierTi
maTganis mimarT mecnierebaSi arsebuli araerTgvarovani damokidebulebisa
Tavisi kritikuli poziciac warmoaCinos.
avtoreferatic ki naTlad gviCvenebs mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis
mravalwlian da nayofier Sromas, romlis gareSec ver Seiqmneboda is sqeltaniani
ori tomi saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriisa, win rom uswrebdnen
warmodgenil disertacias. orive maTgani aris seriozuli samecniero gamokvleva,
romelic ukve qarTvel mkvlevarTa samagido wignebad gamxdaran.
avtoreferatSi miTiTebuli sakvlev sakiTxTa Tematika iseT speqtrs qmnis,
romelTagan zogierTis gverdis avla avtors, cxadia, SeeZlo, magram dairRveoda
mizez-Sedegobriv kavSirTa sinqroni, riTac esoden mdidaria referati.
SeuZlebelia ar aRiniSnos, rom iSviaTia araTu sakandidato, aramed
sadoqtoro disertaciac, romelic Sedgebodes XII Tavisa da 62 paragrafisagan.
marto saTaurebic ki gviCvenebs Tu raoden mravalmxrivia sakvlevi problema.
pativcemuli disertanti Tavisuflad moZraobs rogorc istoriul sivrceebSi,
ise – mravalwaxnagovan problematikaSi da yvela debulebas, daskvnas Sesabamisi
kriteriumebiT warmoaCens. miukerZoeblad unda iTqvas, rom avtoreferati
ganxilul sakiTxTa sisruliT bevrad sWarbobs sakandidato disertacias,
xolo misi avtori warmogvidgeba rogorc mravalmxrivi mkvlevari, romlis
pirovnebaSic SesaniSnavad Serwymula Rrma qristianul-marTlmadidebluri
suliereba, didi patriotizmi da mecnierisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli obieqturoba.
73
naSromis praqtikul Rirebulebad unda CaiTvalos is, rom Cvens mier
misma saxelmZRvanelod gamoyenebam universitetis Teologiis specialobis
studentebTan didi mowoneba daimsaxura.
yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, migvaCnia, rom pativcemuli
disertanti, mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe, avtoreferatSi dasmul sakiTxTa
siaxleebiTa da gadawyvetis originalurobiT savsebiT imsaxurebs istoriis
mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxs.
avtoreferatis mimarT gvaqvs erTi SeniSvna sadisertacio naSromis
saTaurTan dakavSirebiT, sadac frCxilebSi miTiTebulia Sua saukuneebi, albaT
ufro upriani iqneboda saTauri Sua saukuneebis miTiTebis gareSe darCeniliyo,
rameTu warmodgenili masala Tavisi masStabiT aRniSnul epoqaSi ar Tavsdeba
da dRevandlamde modis; gvxvdeba oriod teqnikuri Secdomac magaliTad:
apeqtebi (unda iyos aspeqtebi), Semdgenili (Semdgeneli) da sxva.
aRniSnulis miuxedavad, Cveni Sefaseba ucvlelia samecniero xarisxis
miniWebasTan dakavSirebiT.
mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis naSromi da warmodgenili disertacia
pirveli cdaa im mravalmxrivi kavSirebis aRdgenisa, romelic saukuneebis
ganmavlobaSi amTlianebda Cvens qveyanaSi codnasa da rwmenas, ersa da bers,
eklesiasa da saxelmwifos.
pativcemul disertants vusurvebT warmatebebs sasuliero da samecniero
moRvaweobis rTul gzaze.
Tsu religiaTmcodneobisa da
eTikis kaTedris docenti r. wiqvaZe
Tsu religiaTmcodneobisa da
eTikis kaTedris gamge, profesori T. fanjikiZe
74
recenzia
mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis naSromze ~saqarTvelos eklesiis
istoria (Sua saukuneebi)~
sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom nebismieri qveynis saistorio mecniereba
SeuZlebelia Seswavlil iqnes im qveynis saxelmwifoebrivi sarwmunoebis gareSe,
romelsac misi eri ZvelTagan eziara. aRniSnuli, udavod udgeba qristianuli
sjulis matarebel xalxTa erovnul istoriografiasac, romlis erT-erTi
nimuSic qarTuli istoriuli azrovnebacaa. samwuxarod, nebiT, Tu uneblied
qarTuli istoriografia am kuTxiT seriozuli vakuumis sferoSi moeqca,
amasTan, is valSi aRmoCnda qarTul marTlmadideblur eklesiasa da mis
istoriasTan mimarTebaSi. saamiso mravali mizezi arsebobs: epoqaluri
politikuri kataklizmebi, Sida saxelmwifoebrivi dabneulobani, sasuliero
literaturis friad saxasiaTo Taviseburebani da a.S.
qarTuli qristianuli eklesiis istoriis mecnieruli Seswavla, misi
daxmarebiT rig politikur-ekonomikur, kulturul viTarebebSi garkveva; misi
istoriis obieqturi gaSuqeba qarTvel swavlulTa aucilebel faqtorad
miiCneoda da eWvgareSea, qarTuli sazogadoebriobis istoriis Seswavlac mis
gareSec odiTgan SeuZlebeli iyo, radgan eklesia, rogorc mZlavri saxelmwifo
organizacia, istoriulad udides rols asrulebda qveynis saSinao, Tu sagareo
politikaSi, misi erT-erTi mniSvnelovnad mamoZravebeli Zala iyo.
mravali saukunis manZilze, qarTuli eklesia gamodioda qveynis
gaerTianebis iniciatorad, saxelmwifos ideologiis mesaWed, is ideologiurad
aerTianebda sazogadoebis sxvadasxva socialur fenebs, mniSvnelovani dadebiTi
wvlili Sehqonda sazogadoebriv-politikur moZraobebSi, saTaveSi edga eris
kulturul cxovrebas da a.S. albaT, amiT iyo ganpirobebuli, rom qarTveli
eris inteleqtualuri nawili eklesiasTan iyo dakavSirebuli; qarTuli
marTlmadidebluri eklesia odiTgan moazrovne, erisa da qveynis moWirnaxule,
inteleqtualuri fenis samWedlo iyo. swored aq da mis fonze yalibdeba
qarTuli mentalitetic. wlebis manZilze, - mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs sabWoTa
periodi – am mimarTulebiT SeZlebisdagvarad mainc keTdeboda sasikeTo saqme.
Tumca, istoriuli materializmisa da uxeSi aTeizmis ganuyofeli batonobis
viTarebaSi eklesiis istoria erT-erT tabudadebul Temad iTvleboda.
75
aseT viTarebaSi, misasalmebelia is faqti, rom qarTuli
marTlmadidebluri eklesia da misi sasuliero krebuli agrZelebs Tavis
istoriul misias, uzrdis ers sasuliero inteligenciis iseT nawils, romelic
erovnul istoriografias moemsaxureba, romelsac zedmiwevniT aqvs gaazrebuli
is faqti, rom SeuZlebelia saqarTvelos istoriis nebismieri periodi
sobieqturi Seswavla eklesiis istoriis metad rTul labirinTebSi garkvevis
gareSe. aseTis SesaniSnavi dasturi gaxlavT sajaro paeqrobaze warmodgenili
mTavarepiskoposis anania jafariZis sakvalifikacio monografia ~saqarTvelos
eklesiis istoria (Sua saukuneebi)~. sagulisxmoa, rom naSromis mTeli
msvleloba qarTuli eklesiisa da misi samwyos mWidro urTierTobaTa
daxasiaTebis fonze iSleba.
sakvalifikacio naSromis udides Rirsebd migvaCnia is, rom orive
warmodgenili subieqturi da obieqturi faqtorebic urTierTSevsebis SesaniSnav
nimuSadaa warmodgenili.
avtori naSromSi ara erT siaxles iZleva: mohyavs saqarTvelos eklesiis
istoriis, rogorc socialuri institutis daarsebis periodizacia; misi
iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi da a.S.
sakvlevi Temis qronologiuri CarCo da misi sirTule, agreTve,
wyaroebisa da damxmare literaturis didi moculoba disetantisagan
guldasmiT da bejiT Sromas iTxovda, rogorc naSromis Sinaarsidan,
sqolioebidan da TandarTuli bibliografiidan Cans, mas am mimarTulebiT
muSaobisas mcdeloba ar dauklia. SeiZleba gadauWarbeblad iTqvas, rom
sadisertacio naSromi am mxriv sanimuSoa. disertantis mecnierul brunvaSi
Semoaqvs didZali wyaroebi da literatura, romelic dRemde nakleb cnobili,
Seswavlili, an sruliad ucnob-ukvlevi iyo.
rac yvelaze sagulisxmoa, disertantma kargad gaarTva Tavi eklesiis
istoriis uamravi masalis damorCilebas da mis mecnierul analizs. misi yoveli
debuleba saTanado faqtebiT dasabuTebulia, xolo yoveli movlena
ganzogadebuli. mTeli pasuxismgeblobiT iTqmis, rom samecniero gamokvleva am
mxrivac sanimuSo da misabaZia.
ZiriTadad dasabuTebulad da gamarTlebulad warmoCinda gamokvlevis
arqiteqtonikac. disertants is dauyvia 12 Tavad, naSroms erTvis Sesavali,
daskvniTi nawili, bibliografia da wmindanTa saxelebis vrceli nusxa.
76
sadisertacio naSromi saerTod Sesrulebulia saTanado mecnierul da
meTodologiur doneze, moicavs saintereso da faseul daskvnebsa da
ganzogadoebebs. disertacia dasrulebuli gamokvlevaa da qarTuli
istoriografiis Tanamedrove donis Sesabamisad wyvets mis amocanebs zemoT
dasaxelebul sferoSi. misi ZiriTadi Rirseba isaa, rom kompleqsur xasiaTs
atarebs da monogafiurad aSuqebs Sua saukuneebis xangrZliv periods.
mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis naSroms seriozuli wvlili Seaqvs
Tanamedrove qarTul istoriografiaSi, romlis umniSvnelovanesi amocanaa
daZlios sabWour periodSi Seqmnili vakuumi da Seqmnas qarTuli eklesiis
istoria. sruli pasuxismgeblobiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom is jer-jerobiT
pirveli da erTaderTi gamokvlevaa, romelic umaRles saswavleblebSi
axlad SemoRebuli qarTuli eklesiis istoriis disciplinis
saxelmZRvanelos rols asrulebs. sarecenzio Temis aqtualoba, naSromis
wyaroTmcodneobiTi bazis soliduroba, msjelobis argumentuloba,
safuZvliani daskvnebi saSualebas iZleva warmodgenili naSromi dasrulebul
samecniero gamokvlevad miviCnioT, romelic did wvlils Seitans qarTuli
istoriografiis Semdgomi kvlevis saqmeSi.
iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universitetis, kulturis istoriisa da Teoriis
kaTedris profesori,
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori qeTevan pavliaSvili
gamoxmaureba
mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis sakandidato naSromze
~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria (Sua saukuneebSi)~
warmodgenili sakvalifikacio Sromis saTauria ~saqarTvelos eklesiis
istoria Sua saukuneebSi (XII-XVIII ss.)~, Tumca igi faqtobrivad, moicavs
mTlianad saqarTvelos eklesiis istorias ax. w.a. I saukunidan – XX saukunis
CaTvliT. Sromis Sinaarsi gadmocemulia Tormet TavSi. TviToeuli Tavi kidev
moicavs samidan rva paragrafamde.
77
Sromas win uZRvis agreTve Sesavali, romelSic mocemulia eklesiis
istoriis periodizacia, wyaroebis da istoriografiis mimoxilva. bolos ki
darTuli aqvs wmindanTa saxelebi.
disertanti Tavis kvlevaSi iyenebs yvela xelmisawvdom qarTul da
ucxour wyaroebsa da literaturas. amave dros, avtori gansakuTrebul
mniSvnelobas aniWebs berZeni saeklesio mkvlevaris – maqsime sardelis mier
gamocemul masalebs qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb (aTeni, 1966;
rusuli Targmani – 1981 w.).
sakvalifikacio Sromis publikaciebidan da avtoreferatidanac kargad
Cans, rom disertantma gaswia uzarmazari Sroma, raTa uamrav sakiTxTa Soris
SeerCia ZiriTadi, mTavari da mwyobr sistemaSi moeyvana saqarTvelos eklesiis
umdidresi istoria. amasTanave, Sromis mizania aCvenos qarTveli xalxis
sulieri gadarCenisaTvis saqarTvelos eklesiis mier gaweuli Rvawli.
yuradRebas iqcevs avtoris debuleba, rom saqarTvelos eklesia daarsda I-II
saukuneebSi da misi iurisdiqcia im periodSi, aRmosavleT da dasavleT
saqarTvelozec vrceldeboda (avtoreferati, gv. 4).
disertantis damsaxurebad unda CaiTvalos, rom man SeZlo Tanabrad,
saqmis codniT, gadmoeca qarTuli eklesiis istoria uZvelesi droidan –
dRemde. aseTi ganmazogadebeli naSromis Seqmna Zalze did energiasa da Sromas
moiTxovs, rasac disertantma kargad gaarTva Tavi.
mis Sromas didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba aqvs.
bunebrivia, aseT mravlismomcvel naSromTan dakavSirebiT, sadavo
debulebebi da sakiTxebic araerTi wamoiWreba.
naSromi warmoadgens mravalwlovani, energiuli gamowvlilviTi kvlevis
Sedegs. igi misaRebia rogorc sakvalifikacio naSromi, xolo misi avtori
imsaxurebs istoriul mecnierebaTa kandidatis Ziebul samecniero xarisxs.
q. goris ekonomikur-humanitaruli
institutis, saqarTvelos da msoflio
istoriis kaTedris gamge,
istoriul mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori el. mamisTvaliSvili
istoriul mecn. kandidati, docenti v. kiknaZe
78
winaswari daskvna mTavarepiskopos
anania jafariZis sadisertacio naSromze ~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria
(Sua saukuneebi)~
istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad
warmodgenili naSromis ~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria Sua saukuneebSi~ (XII-
XVIII ss.) avtori saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida sinodis wevri, manglis-
walkis eparqiis mTavrepiskoposia. meufe anania jafariZe ukve mravali
monografiis avtoria da mas, rogorc sasuliero moRvawisa da mecnier
istorikoss, kargad icnobs qarTveli mkiTxveli, samecniero sazogadoeba.
anania jafariZis mier istoriis mecnierebaTa samecniero xarisxis
mosapoveblad warmodgenili naSromis vrceli varianti 1996, 1998 wlebSi
gamoqveynda or tomad. dRes gansaxilveli naSromi am ortomiani Sromis mokle
variants warmoadgens.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriis aseTi vrceli da
yovlismomcveli gamokvleva pirvelad Seiqmna. am metad saintereso naSromis
avtori, rogorc iTqva, sasuliero piria. es imas niSnavs, rom saqarTvelos
sapatriarqoSi aris kadrebi, romelTac unari SeswevT aRadginon is Zveli
tradicia, roca qarTveli sasuliero moRvaweebi sayovelTaod aRiarebuli
monografiebis avtorebad gvevlinebodnen.
sakvalifikacio naSromi 12 Tavisagan Sedgeba (TiToeuli Tavi dayofilia
paragrafebad). naSroms darTuli aqvs daskvna. saerTod disertacia
mravalricxovan saistorio wyaroze da samecniero literaturaze dayrdnobiTaa
Sesrulebuli.
sadisertacio naSromSi dasmuli da ganxiluli sakiTxebi metad
aqtualuria. interesi qarTuli eklesiis warsulisadmi am bolo wlebSi
gansakuTrebiT gaizarda. TavisTavad cxadia, prosabWour xanaSi aRaraa is
viTareba, romelic aferxebda erovnuli eklesiebis istoriis kvlevas. Tu ar
CavTvliT calkeul saJurnalo gamokvlevebs (k. kekeliZe, iv. javaxiSvili, b.
lominaZe da sxvani), komunisturi partiis samocdaaTwliani diqtatis xanaSi
qarTuli eklesiis istoriis Sesaxeb arcerTi monografia ar gamocemula.
warmodgenili sadisertacio naSromi ki saSualebas gvaZlevs, Tvali gavadevnoT
saqarTvelos samociquli eklesiis istorias qristianobis pirveli
saukuneebidan dRemde. masSi dasmuli da ganxiluli yoveli sakiTxi metad
79
aqtualuria da saTanado mecnierul donezea Sesrulebuli. yovlive
zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT sakvalifikacio Temis aqtualoba eWvs ar iwvevs.
sagangebod unda aRiniSnos naSromis wyaroTmcodneobis baza. avtori
Rrmad icnobs disertaciaSi ganxiluli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb arsebul qarTul da
ucxoenovan saistorio wyaroebs. maT cnobebs iyenebs konkretuli sakiTxis
Sesaxeb samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
kvlevisas mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis mier miRebuli zogierTi daskvna
originaluri da yuradsaRebia. yovelive es disertantis mecnierul alRoze da
kvlevis unarze migviTiTebs.
sadisertacio naSroms, romelic ZiriTadad XII-XVIII ss. saqarTvelos
istorias eZRvneba, win uZRvis vrceli istoriuli mimoxilva. yuradReba
gamaxvilebulia IV s-Si saqarTvelos qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad
gamocxadebis sakiTxze. am mcire recenziaSi saSualeba araa vrclad
vilaparakoT disertaciaSi wamoWril yvela sakiTxze, mxolod aRvniSnav, rom
yvela sakiTxi saqarTvelos istoriis fonzea ganxiluli, rac naSroms
sainteresos xdis. disertaciaSi kargadaa warmoCenili qarTuli eklesiis roli
qarTveli xalxis gadarCenisa da TavisTavadobis SenarCunebis saqmeSi. rogorc
cnobilia, qarTul saxelmwifosa da qarTvel ers yvelaze mZime xana erTiani
saqarTvelos calkeul samefo-samTavroebad dayofis Semdeg daudga. aseT
Znelbedobisas qarTuli eklesia ar iviwyebda X s. cnobili saeklesio
moRvawis giorgi merCules anderZismagvar mowodebas: ~qarTlad friadi qveyanai
aRiricxebis, romelsac Sina qarTuliTa eniTa Jami Sewirvis da locvaT yoveli
aResrulebis~. marTlac, am Znelbedobisas qarTuli eklesia yoveli kuTxis
qarTvels patronobda. sadisertacio naSromSi kvleva ZiriTadad im mxrivaa
warmarTuli, rom jerovnad warmoaCinos saqarTvelos eklesiis mier gaweuli
Rvawli qarTveli xalxis sulieri gadarCenisaTvis. naCvenebia, rogor ibrZoda
qarTuli eklesia calkeul ~saqarTveloebad~ danawevrebul qveyanaSi ar
gamqraliyo erTianobis grZnoba.
rogorc naSromSia miTiTebuli, qarTuli eklesia marTalia V s-dan aris
avtokefaluri, magram mas Semdeg rac ruseTis carizmma qarTuli eklesia
ierarqiulad ruseTis sinods dauqvemdebara, qarTulma eklesiam karga xniT
damoukidebloba dakarga. marTalia, 1917 wels aRdgenili avtokefalia
bolosdabolos 1943 wels ruseTis eklesiam cno, magram msoflio anu
80
konstantinopolisa da sxva sapatriarqoebs saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia
dausabuTeblad miaCndaT. sakamaTo iyo qarTuli eklesiis adgili msoflio
marTlmadideblur diptixSi. qarTvel mecnierTa da sasuliero moRvaweTa
erToblivi muSaobiT, saTanado gamokvlevebSi dadasturebuli iqna qarTuli
eklesiis avtokefaloba. am saqmeSi Tavis wvlili Seitana mTavarepiskoposma
anania jafariZem. misi uwmindesobis saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis ilia II-
is didi ZalisxmeviT 1990 wels msoflio patriarqma daadastura saqarTvelos
eklesiis avtokefalia da marTlmadideblur avtokefalur eklesiaTa rigSi
myarad gansazRvra saqarTvelos eklesiis adgili. sadisertacio naSromSi am
sakiTxze vrcladaa msjeloba. aRniSnulis garda, sakvalifikacio naSromSi
uamravi sakiTxia axleburad dasmuli da ganxiluli. marTalia, SesaZloa
disertantis mier gamoTqmuli yvela mosazreba saTanado doneze ar iyos
dasabuTebuli, zogi daskvna ar gaiziaro, magram maT arsebobis ufleba aqvT.
yovelive Tqmuli safuZvels maZlevs aRvniSno, rom mTavarepiskopos anania
jafariZis naSromi saTanado mecnierul donezea Sesrulebuli. avtori
uyoymanod imsaxurebs Ziebul xarisxs.
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis
iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriisa
da EeTnografiis institutis
saqarTvelos Suasaukuneebis ganyofilebis
ufrosi mecnieri TanamSromeli e. kaWarava