XXXIII

respublikuri dialeqtologiuri

samecniero sesiis

masalebi

g o r i

2013 wlis 1 noemberi

Tbilisi

2013

m um um um u S aS aS aS a oooo b i s g e gb i s g e gb i s g e gb i s g e g m am am am a

1 1 1 1 nonononoemememembebebeberiririri,,,, 11111111 sasasasaaaaaTiTiTiTi

m im im im i s a ls als als al m em em em e bbbb e be be be b iiii : : : : prof. gigigigiororororgi sgi sgi sgi seeeesiaSvilisiaSvilisiaSvilisiaSvili _ goris sa-

xelmwifo saswavlo universitetis reqtori

prof. lalalalali ezugli ezugli ezugli ezugbabababaiaiaiaia _ arn. Ciqobavas sax. enaTmecniere-

bis institutis direqtori

m. faRava _ eqspedicia klarjel muhajirTa STamomavlebTan

da klarjeTSi (winaswari moxseneba)

n. wuleiskiri _ ekolingvistika: kvlevis SesaZlo perspeq-

tivebi da midgomebi

T. lomTaZe _ qarTvel ebraelTa metyvelebis Seswavlisa-

Tvis _ mniSvneloba da problemebi

I seqseqseqseqciaciaciacia

xelmZGvanelebi: prof. aaaa. . . . araaraaraarabubububulililili, , , , prof. gggg. . . . gogolaSviligogolaSviligogolaSviligogolaSvili

I sxdomaI sxdomaI sxdomaI sxdoma, , , , 11112222 sasasasaaaaaTiTiTiTi

1. d. a n f i m i a d i, `barbares barbarizmebi~ (barbare jorjaZis

socioleqti `sruli samzareulos~ enobrivi masalis mi-

xedviT)

2. a. a r a b ul i, adreuli qristianobis zogi enobrivi gamo-

vlenisaTvis xevsurulSi

3. m. b a r i x a S v il i, teqstis damuSavebis principebi multi-

mediuri korpusisTvis

4. g. g o g ol a S v il i, dialeqtTa fxouri jgufis xolmeobi-

Tebis Taobaze

5. e. d a d i a n i, eme nacvalsaxeli imerxeulsa da taourSi

6. r. e n o x i, r. s a R i n a Z e, ebian mravlobiTSi fuZis ukvece-

lobis SemTxvevebi qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi

7. c. k v a n t al i a n i, r. l a n d i a, zmnuri fuZeebisa da Temis

niSanTa kvlevisaTvis dialeqturi korpusis mixedviT

8. m. k i k v a Z e, ilia WavWavaZis mouravis meuRlis Canawerebi

rogorc dialeqturi teqsti

9. e. n a p i r el i, qarTuli dialeqturi korpusi _ samecniero

daskvnebis gadamowmebis saSualeba (-ye elementis maga-

liTze)

II sxdomaII sxdomaII sxdomaII sxdoma, , , , 15 15 15 15 sasasasaaaaaTiTiTiTi

10. i. r u s a Z e, prof. mixeil alaviZe _ leCxumuri dialeqtis

mkvlevari (wignis gamocemidan 75 wlisTavis gamo)

11. n. f a r t e n a Z e, qvemdebarisa da Semasmenlis ricxvSi Se-

Tanxmebis sakiTxi samxrul metyvelebaSi

12. n. f x a k a Z e, dialeqtur erTeulTa funqcia forumul

diskursSi

13. x. y a n d a S v il i, meore subieturi da mesame obieqturi

piris gamoxatva kaxurSi

14. n. S a r a S e n i Z e, modalobis gamoxatvis enobrivi saSuale-

bebi qarTuli enis dasavlur dialeqtebSi

15. T. S i o S v il i, g. m a x a r a S v il i, klarjuli andazebi

16. n. c e c x l a Z e, CveneburTa metyvelebis emociur-eqspresiu-

li daxasiaTeba

17. m. c i n c a Z e, m. b a r a m i Z e, fonetikuri movlenebi klar-

julSi

18. r. W i k a Z e, iotas fonologiuri gandasebisaTvis

19. n. W o x o n el i Z e, zogi zar-fuZiani omonimuri calebis

warmomavlobisaTvis

20. n. W u m b u r i Z e, zmniswinTa sityvawarmoebiTi daniSnule-

biT gamoyenebis SemTxvevebi qarTul mxatvrul litera-

turasa da dialeqtebSi

21. m. x a x u t a i S v il i, zmnizedebi qobuleTur kilokavSi

(muhajirTa metyvelebis mixedviT)

IIIIIIII seqseqseqseqciaciaciacia

xelmZGvanelebi: prof. prof. vvvv. . . . axalaiaaxalaiaaxalaiaaxalaia, , , , prof. vvvv. . . . Sengelia Sengelia Sengelia Sengelia

I sxdomaI sxdomaI sxdomaI sxdoma, , , , 12 12 12 12 sasasasaaaaaTiTiTiTi

1. v. a x a l a i a, brunvis niSanTa maqvemdebarebeli funqcia

zanurSi

2. s. b e r ul a v a, m. j R a r k a v a, Tanamedrove leqsika proeqt

`lazuri teqstebis eleqtronuli arqivis~ farglebSi

mopovebuli masalis mixedviT

3. m. b u k i a, lazuri leqsikis adgilisTvis alio qobalias

`megrul leqsikonSi~

4. T. g u C u a, performativebi megrulSi (evropel mogzaurTa Canawerebisa da qarTuli eTnografiuli masalebis mixed-viT)

5. l. e z u g b a i a, pirveli subieqturi piris alomorfTa ki-

lokavuri ganawilebisaTvis megrul-lazurSi

6. i. k e k el i a, afxazeTis istoriuli toponimiidan (`bedia~,

`ilori~, `cxomi~//`cxumi~)

7. l. k e l a u r a Z e, svanizmebi megrul-lazuri enis lazur di-

aleqtsa da qarTuli enis aWarul, gurul da imerul

dialeqtebSi

8. m. k o b e r i Z e, dargobrivi leqsika dimitri baqraZis

`qarTlur-kaxuri, imeruli, guruli, qobuluri (Curuq-

suli) da aWaruli kiloebis mokle SedarebiT leqsikon-

Si~

9. o. m e m i S i S i, zogi nawilakis funqciisaTvis lazurSi

10. n. m g e l a Z e, klarjuli karkarkarkartlatlatlatlaØs (//qarqarqarqarTlaTlaTlaTlaØs) mniSvnelobi-

saTvis

II sxdomaII sxdomaII sxdomaII sxdoma, , , , 15 15 15 15 sasasasaaaaaTiTiTiTi

11. k. m i T a g v a r i a, l. g i gl e m i a n i, zoonimebis Semcveli

frazeologiuri erTeulebis Sesaxeb megrulSi

12. n. o T i n a S v il i, toponimebisa da anTroponimebis Sedare-

biTi analizi qsnis xeobaSi

13. m. s a Rl i a n i, negaciisaTvis svanur enaSi

14. m. s a Rl i a n i, n. S a v r e S i a n i, l. g i g l e m i a n i, mimar-

TebiTi nacvalsaxelebis da mimarTebiTi zmnizedebis

struqturuli modelebi svanurSi

15. n. f o n i a v a, religiuri leqsikisaTvis megrul idiomebSi

16. n. S a v r e S i a n i, qvemdebaruli damokidebuli winadadebi-

saTvis svanurSi

17. e. S e n g e l i a, samoslis aRmniSvneli leqsikis erTi jgufi

megrul idiomatur gamoTqmebSi

18. v. S e n g el i a, geriS gemaxvenji (mimReoba _ idiomis erT-

erTi komponenti megrulSi)

19. m. c i s k a r i S v i l i _ diglosia wova-TuSebis qarTuli

metyvelebis nimuSebis mixedviT

20. c. j a n j R a v a, do `da~ kavSiri megrul idiomebSi

21. m. j R a r k a v a, isqender WiTaSis `Cquni Wara~

konkonkonkonfefefeferenrenrenrenciciciciis dais dais dais daxurxurxurxurvavavava

XXXIII

respublikuri dialeqtologiuri

samecniero sesiis

masalebi

2013

1

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis

arnold Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis instituti

goris saxelmwifo saswavlo universiteti

XXXIII

respublikuri dialeqtologiuri samecniero sesiis

m a s al e b i

g o r i

2013 wlis 1 noemberi

Tbilisi 2013

2

samecniero dialeqtologiuri sesia gaixsneba 2013 wlis 1 noembers goris saxelmwifo saswavlo universitetSi

misamarTi: gori, i. yavyavaZis q. # 53, I korpusi

r e g l a m e n t i momxsenebels _ 10 wuTi msJelobaSi monawiles _ 5 wuTi

redaqtori _ g. gogolaSvili

© arn. Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis instituti

3

m u S ao b i s g e g m a

1 noemberi, 11 saaTi

m i s al m e b e b i : prof. giorgi sesiaSvili _ goris sa-xelmwifo saswavlo universitetis reqtori

prof. lali ezugbaia _ arn. Ciqobavas sax. enaTmecniere-bis institutis direqtori

m. faRava _ eqspedicia klarjel muhajirTa STamomavlebTan da klarjeTSi (winaswari moxseneba)

n. wuleiskiri _ ekolingvistika: kvlevis SesaZlo perspeq-tivebi da midgomebi

T. lomTaZe _ qarTvel ebraelTa metyvelebis Seswavlisa-Tvis _ mniSvneloba da problemebi

I seqcia

xelmZGvanelebi: prof. a. arabuli, prof. g. gogolaSvili

I sxdoma, 12 saaTi

1. d. a n f i m i a d i, `barbares barbarizmebi~ (barbare jorjaZis socioleqti `sruli samzareulos~ enobrivi masalis mi-xedviT)

2. a. a r a b ul i, adreuli qristianobis zogi enobrivi gamo-vlenisaTvis xevsurulSi

3. m. b a r i x a S v il i, teqstis damuSavebis principebi multi-mediuri korpusisTvis

4. g. g o g ol a S v il i, dialeqtTa fxouri jgufis xolmeobi-Tebis Taobaze

5. e. d a d i a n i, eme nacvalsaxeli imerxeulsa da taourSi 6. r. e n o x i, r. s a R i n a Z e, ebian mravlobiTSi fuZis ukvece-

lobis SemTxvevebi qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi 7. c. k v a n t al i a n i, r. l a n d i a, zmnuri fuZeebisa da Temis

niSanTa kvlevisaTvis dialeqturi korpusis mixedviT

4

8. m. k i k v a Z e, ilia WavWavaZis mouravis meuRlis Canawerebi rogorc dialeqturi teqsti

9. e. n a p i r el i, qarTuli dialeqturi korpusi _ samecniero daskvnebis gadamowmebis saSualeba (-ye elementis maga-liTze)

II sxdoma, 15 saaTi

10. i. r us a Z e, prof. mixeil alaviZe _ leCxumuri dialeqtis mkvlevari (wignis gamocemidan 75 wlisTavis gamo)

11. n. f a rt e n a Z e, qvemdebarisa da Semasmenlis ricxvSi Se-Tanxmebis sakiTxi samxrul metyvelebaSi

12. n. f x a k a Z e, dialeqtur erTeulTa funqcia forumul diskursSi

13. x. y a n d a S v il i, meore subieturi da mesame obieqturi piris gamoxatva kaxurSi

14. n. S ar a S e n i Z e, modalobis gamoxatvis enobrivi saSuale-bebi qarTuli enis dasavlur dialeqtebSi

15. T. S io S v i l i, g. m a x a r a S v il i, klarjuli andazebi 16. n. c e c xl a Z e, CveneburTa metyvelebis emociur-eqspresiu-

li daxasiaTeba 17. m. c i n c a Z e, m. b a r a m i Z e, fonetikuri movlenebi klar-

julSi 18. r. W i k a Z e, iotas fonologiuri gandasebisaTvis 19. n. W o xo n el i Z e, zogi zar-fuZiani omonimuri calebis

warmomavlobisaTvis 20. n. W u m b ur i Z e, zmniswinTa sityvawarmoebiTi daniSnule-

biT gamoyenebis SemTxvevebi qarTul mxatvrul litera-turasa da dialeqtebSi

21. m. x a x u t a i S v i l i, zmnizedebi qobuleTur kilokavSi (muhajirTa metyvelebis mixedviT)

5

II seqcia

xelmZGvanelebi: prof. prof. v. axalaia, prof. v. Sengelia

I sxdoma, 12 saaTi

1. v. a x al a i a, brunvis niSanTa maqvemdebarebeli funqcia zanurSi

2. s. b er ul a v a, m. j R a r k a v a, Tanamedrove leqsika proeqt `lazuri teqstebis eleqtronuli arqivis~ farglebSi mopovebuli masalis mixedviT

3. m. b u k i a, lazuri leqsikis adgilisTvis alio qobalias `megrul leqsikonSi~

4. T. g u C u a, performativebi megrulSi (evropel mogzaurTa Canawerebisa da qarTuli eTnografiuli masalebis mixed-viT)

5. l. e zu g b a i a, pirveli subieqturi piris alomorfTa ki-lokavuri ganawilebisaTvis megrul-lazurSi

6. i. k e k e l i a, afxazeTis istoriuli toponimiidan (`bedia~, `ilori~, `cxomi~//`cxumi~)

7. l. k e l au r a Z e, svanizmebi megrul-lazuri enis lazur di-aleqtsa da qarTuli enis aWarul, gurul da imerul dialeqtebSi

8. m. k o b e r i Z e, dargobrivi leqsika dimitri baqraZis `qarTlur-kaxuri, imeruli, guruli, qobuluri (Curuq-suli) da aWaruli kiloebis mokle SedarebiT leqsikon-Si~

9. o. m e m i S i S i, zogi nawilakis funqciisaTvis lazurSi 10. n. m g el a Z e, klarjuli kartlaØs (//qarTlaØs) mniSvnelobi-

saTvis

6

II sxdoma, 15 saaTi 11. k. m i T a g v a r i a, l. g i gl e m i a n i, zoonimebis Semcveli

frazeologiuri erTeulebis Sesaxeb megrulSi 12. n. oT i n a S v i l i, toponimebisa da anTroponimebis Sedare-

biTi analizi qsnis xeobaSi 13. m. s a Rl i a n i, negaciisaTvis svanur enaSi 14. m. s a Rl i a n i, n. S a v r e S i a n i, l. g i gl e m i a n i, mimar-

TebiTi nacvalsaxelebis da mimarTebiTi zmnizedebis struqturuli modelebi svanurSi

15. n. fo n i a v a, religiuri leqsikisaTvis megrul idiomebSi 16. n. S a v r e S i a n i, qvemdebaruli damokidebuli winadadebi-

saTvis svanurSi 17. e. S e n g el i a, samoslis aRmniSvneli leqsikis erTi jgufi

megrul idiomatur gamoTqmebSi 18. v. S e n g el i a, geriS gemaxvenji (mimReoba _ idiomis erT-

erTi komponenti megrulSi) 19. m. c i s k a r i S v i l i _ diglosia wova-TuSebis qarTuli

metyvelebis nimuSebis mixedviT 20. c. j a n j R a v a, do `da~ kavSiri megrul idiomebSi 21. m. j R a r k a v a, isqender WiTaSis `Cquni Wara~

konferenciis daxurva

7

a v T a n d i l a r a b u l i (Tbilisi) adreuli qristianobis zogi enobrivi gamovlenisaTvis xevsurulSi

arqeografiul-arqeologiuri wyaroebi mianiSnebs, rom istoriuli fxovis teritorize saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi mi-mdinareobda qristianuli rwmena-warmodgenebis damkvidrebis sakmaod araerTgvarovani procesi. kerZod, aq aSkarad Cans ad-reuli periodis qristianobis pirdapiri Tu iribi nakvalevi , xolo Sua saukuneebisaTvis aseTi aqtivoba sakmaod Semcirebu-li Cans.

vvaraudobT, rom am regionis dialeqtebSi swored adre-uli qristianobis garkveuli niSnebi unda ikiTxebodes. isto-riisaTvis dafaruli, magram leqsikur monacemebSi `Senaxuli~ movlenebis gasaazreblad davakvirdeT ramdenime enobriv faqts:

1. moqristianeba: es sityva xevsurulSi `moqcevas~ ar niSnavs. mas iyenebdnen `Wrilobis gankurnebisken wasvlis, mo-SuSebis~ aRsaniSnavad: `mokeTdeba, gankurnebas daiwyebs (Wri-loba)~ (al. WinWarauli). aseTi pozitiuri metaforuli Sina-arsi sakmaod xangrZliv process gulisxmobs da, rac mTavaria, is ar SeiZleba warmoqmniliyo Sua saukuneebis mZafri religi-uri brZolebis kvalze.

2. Ziraqi _ enamoswrebuls, enamaxvils niSnavs. ueWvelia, aq Cven gvaqvs bibliuri personis - ziraqis _ saxelis ganzoga-deba. rodis SeiZleba hqonoda Zveli aRTqmis am arakanonikur wigns (`sibrZne iso ziraqisi~) esodeni popularoba mTaSi, rom misi saxeli `brZnadmetyveli~ adamianis metaforad qceuliyo. amisi safuZveli mxolod bibliuri wignebis gavrcelebis adre-ul periodSi unda yofiliyo. miT ufro sagulisxmoa, rom am wignisa da saxelis popularobis raime niSani sxva regionSi ar dasturdeba.

8

3. baruqa _ es aris velobi adgilis saxeli arxotSi, sof. axielTan. dakavSirebuli Cans uZveles salocavTan. `baru-qis winaswarmetyvelebac~ Zveli aRTqmis iSviaTi, aseve arakano-nikuri wignia. baruqi cnobilia imiT, rom mas uSualod iere-mia winaswarmetyvelisagan gadmoscemia saidumlo codna: `da mouwoda ieremia baruqs, Zesa nirissa da dawerna baruqman pi-risagan ieremia�ssa yovelni sityuani uflisani, romelni gamo-acxadna misdami qartasa zeda wignisasa~ (ieremia 36, 4). rodis SeiZleba daetovebina am ukidures sasazRvro zolSi kvali ba-ruqis bibliur avtoritets da rodis unda gamkrTalebuliyo is mTlianad, rogorc istoriul-kulturuli monacemi, Tu ara adreul periodSi, vfiqrobT, nakleb safuZvels ar iZleva gansjisaTvis. v i a n or a x al a i a (gori)

brunvis niSanTa maqvemdebarebeli funqcia zanurSi

n. mari werda: `aoristis da kavSirebiTi kilos formaTa

qarTul micemiTSi (Дам. Картском) dayenebiT gamoixateba dro-is garemoebiTi winadadeba: vubiraT-is `roca mis win waviTa-maSeb~, moxTan-is `roca isini movlen~, babi var gaxuna-is `Sen Tu ver SesZeli dazaveba~.

-is | -si paralelur afiqsTagan -is dasturdeba Tanxmov-nis momdevnod, xolo -si xmovnis Semdeg:

juzi moxTas-is kaiCqiluli viqumaT (n. mari) `Txili roca Semodis, naviT viwyebT gadazidvas~ owedu-si sum toronji qogexTu (arn. Ciqobava) `rom Sexeda, sami mtredi movida~ -is | -si meoreulia; maTTvis aRsadgenia isi varianti, ro-

melic Semdeg cvlilia: xmovnis momdevnod (am xmovnis gavle-

9

niT) mogvca -si (moekveca Tavkiduri xmovani -isi -si), xo-lo Tanxmovnis Semdeg gadavida -is variantSi (moekveca bolo-kiduri xmovani: -isi -is). isini upiratesad aTinurSi ixma-reba, nawilobriv viwurSic.

n. mari sagangebod aRniSnavda: aoristis III piris formisa-gan naTesaobiTSi brunvis sufiqsis (Si) meSveobiT viRebT xolme warsuli drois mimReobas, romelic gamoiyeneba garemo-ebiT winadadebaSi, sxvaTa Soris _ mizezisac: va nanWu - Si nan `ver miRweuli~ (ase rom ver miaRwia).

naTesaobiTSi brunvis niSniseuli -Si -s gamoyeneba garemo-ebiT damokidebul winadadebaSi faqtia, oRond, rogorc Se-niSnaven, fuZiseuli xmovnis zegavleniT daboloeba yvelgan kargavs Tavkidur i-s: es bgera ikargeba naTesaobiTSi, mimarTu-lebiTSi, daSorebiTsa da moqmedebiTSi... rogorc mxolobiTSi, ise mravlobiTSi. brunvis niSnebadaa: -Si, -Sa, -Se(n), -Te(n), yvelgan dakargulia -i (unda yofiliyo: - iSi, -iSa, -iSe(n), -iTe(n). (arn. Ciqobava)

maSasadame, -Si iSi, -Sa iSa... WanurSi asea ganawile-buli: -Si viwur-arqabulsa da xofurSia, xolo -Sa aTinurSi. isini WanurSi naTesaobiTi da mimarTulebiTi brunvaTa niSne-bia, romlebic rom, roca, Tu, sanam kavSirTa funqciiTac ixma-reba. sainteresoa, rom aRniSnuli morfemebi megrulSic gvaqvs, oRond mxolod brunvis niSnebad da sakavSirebeli fun-qciiT ar gvxvdeba.

10

di a n a a n f i m i ad i (Tbilisi) `barbares barbarizmebi~

(barbare jorjaZis socioleqti `sruli samzareulos~ enobrivi masalis mixedviT)

barbare jorjaZe mecxramete saukunis qarTuli kulturis

umniSvnelovanesi warmomadgenelia. garda mravalmxrivi lite-raturuli da sazogadoebrivi moRvaweobisa, sainteresoa misi damokidebuleba qarTul enasTan, rogorc kulturul movle-nasTan, misi mniSvnelobis gaazreba da sakamaTo, Tumca uaRre-sad saintereso mosazrebebi enasa da metyvelebasTan dakavSire-biT.

amjerad barbare jorjaZis erT mniSvnelovan, SeiZleba iT-qvas, enciklopediur Sromaze, `srul samzareuloze~ SevCerde-biT, romelic qarTul enaze gamocemuli pirveli, sruli saxis kulinariuli saxelmZRvaneloa Tavisi yvela maxasiaTebliT.

garda viwro, profesiuli mniSvnelobisa es wigni sainte-resoa, rogorc epoqis enobrivi, kulturuli, eTnografiuli suraTi, radganac kulinaria adamianis erT-erT umTavres in-stiqtTan dakavSirebuli dargi, kargad warmoaCens enis, ro-gorc kulturis, specifikasa da saxes.

barbare jorjaZis `srulis samzareulos~, avtoris sxva na-warmoebebis Tu piradi mimoweris, misi Tanamedrove avtorebis teqstebis paraleluri analizis, mecxramete saukunis presis enis specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT, vcadeT, gamogvecalkevebina barbare jorjaZis am konkretuli teqstis individualuri maxa-siaTeblebi, enobrivi niSnebi, rogorc morfologiisa Tu sin-taqsis, agreTve, gansakuTrebiT semantikisa Tu pragmatikis ku-TxiT.

barbare jorjaZe am SesaniSnavi teqstis daniSnulebis Sesa-bamisad poulobs erTgvar socioleqts, romelic Seicavs me-cxramete saukunis qarTuli saliteraturo enisa da dialeq-tebis maxasiaTeblebs, ucxo enidan Semosul leqsikas Tu kon-

11

struqciebs, misi ena erTgvari mediumia mecxramete saukunis sxvadasxva fenas Soris komunikaciisaTvis, erTnirad gasagebi qalaqeli xelosnisa Tu provincieli aristokratisaTvis.

barbare jorjaZis ena, erTgvari socialuri da kulturu-li movlenaa, epoqis sulis anarekli.

m a i a b ar i x a S v il i (Tbilisi) teqstis damuSavebis principebi multimediuri korpusisTvis

multimediur korpusebSi teqstebis ramdenime versia gamo-

iyofa: xmovani werilobiTi Sereuli multimediuri korpusis Sesaqmnelad qdk-s (qarTuli dia-

leqturi korpusis) bazaSi Seqmnilia teqsturi koleqciis pa-raleluri versiebi, romelTagan erTi qdk-is bazisTvisaa saer-To wesebiT momzadebuli, meore ki qmnis bazas Tanamedrove tipis zepiri (multimediuri) korpusisaTvis.

proeqt `saqarTvelos lingvisturi portretis~ fargleb-Si dialeqturi teqstebi Cawerilia sxvadasxva meTodologiiT, metateqsturi da lingvisturi maxasiaTeblebis sxvadasxvagvari fiqsaciiT, gansxvavebuli teqnikuri saSualebiT. mopovebuli audio da videomasala unikaluri saSualebaa zepiri metyvele-bis Sesaswavlad.

teqstebSi arsebuli informaciis struqturirebisas gamo-iyofa komunikaciisaTvis Rirebulebis mqone elementebi _ lingvisturi da paralingvisturi markerebi, romlebic sxva-dasxva struqturis mqone enebSi gansxvavebuli formaluri sa-

12

SualebebiT xorcieldeba da nebismier enobriv doneze SeiZle-ba iyos realizebuli (r. asaTiani).

transkribirebis wesebis, markirebisa da terminebis Sesaxeb samecniero literaturaSi azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa. hezitaciuri aRwera, falstartebis markirebis procesi met-naklebad gan-sxvavebulia.

moxsenebaSi Teoriul sakiTxebTan erTad warmodgenili iq-neba fragmentebi im teqstebidan, romlebic multimediuri korpusisTvis aris gamzadebuli.

s of i ko b e r ul a v a, m a r i n a j R ar k a v a (Tbilisi) Tanamedrove leqsika proeqt `lazuri teqstebis eleqtronuli arqivis~ farglebSi mopovebuli masalis mixedviT

proeqt `lazuri teqstebis eleqtronuli arqivis~ far-

glebSi lazeTSi Cawerili Tanamedrove lazuri metyvelebis amsaxveli teqstebis gaSifrvisas da gadmoqarTulebisas siZne-les gviqmnida iseTi leqsikuri erTeulebi, romlebic dRemde gamocemul arcerT leqsikonSi ar aris dafiqsirebuli.

cxovrebis pirobebis cvla, progresi aucileblad aisaxeba enaSi, metyvelebaSi, radgan ena yovelTvis swrafad da moqni-lad reagirebs sazogadoebis moTxovnilebebze. siaxleebma eko-nomikaSi, socialur da kulturul sferoebSi, maTma amsaxvel-ma cnebebma gamoiwvia lazuris kognitur bazaSi Sesabamisi leqsikuri erTeulebis gaCenis aucilebloba. mTqmelebi, gamo-mdinare maTi socialuri, profesiuli, sazogadoebriv-kultu-ruli cxovrebidan, cdiloben met-naklebad isaubron daxvewi-li lazuriT, magram gverds ver uvlian Tanamedrove yofiTi, teqnikuri, kulturuli da a.S. sityvebis gamoyenebas, romle-

13

bic sarfis iqiTa lazurSi, ra Tqma unda, Turqulidanaa aRe-buli.

aseT nasesxeb leqsikaSi vxvdebiT rogorc Turqulis meSve-obiT ucvlelad Semosul internacionalizmebs, ise Turqulis fonotaqtikis mixedviT Seqmnil variantebs.

gagebinebis TvalsazrisiT siZneles qmnis sakuTriv Turqu-li, Turqulis mier saxeSecvlili an kalkirebuli erTeulebi, rogoricaa, mag.: CuquleTa `Sokoladi~, sakizi `saReWi rezi-ni~, bilgisaiari `kompiuteri~, organiki `organuli sasuqi, nakeli~, qim~asalmadde `qimiuri sasuqi~, kamioni `satvirTo manqana~, jeirani `eleqtroba~.

m a n a n a b u k i a (Tbilisi) lazuri leqsikis adgilisTvis alio qobalias `megrul leqsikonSi~

2010 wels gamomcemloba `artanujma~ gamosca alio qoba-

lias `megruli leqsikoni~, romelic moicavs 90 aTas leqsikur erTeuls da ZiriTadad efuZneba afxazeTsa (Suasofelsa da samurzayanoSi) da samegreloSi (odiSsa da lakadaSi) moZie-bul savele masalebs, folklorsa da eTnografiaSi SemorCe-nil, sxvadasxva drois qarTveli da ucxoeli enaTmecnierebisa da leqsikografebis mier Sekrebil, damowmebul da gaanalize-bul zanizmebs, Zveli qarTuli literaturis Zeglebs.

leqsikons gansakuTrebul Rirebulebas matebs is, rom Seq-mnilia abJuaSi, SuasofelSi, sadac gverdigverd Tanacxovro-ben qarTvelebi da afxazebi, Sesabamisad intensiuria enobrivi zegavlenebi orive mimarTulebiT.

gansakuTrebul yuradRebas iqcevs leqsikonSi dadasture-buli lazuri sityvebi, romlebic soliduri raodenobiTaa warmodgenili.

14

cnobilia, rom abJuaSi mravlad cxovrobdnen lazebi. T. saxokias gadmocemiT, me-20 saukunis dasawyisisTvis oCamCireSi cxovrobda 608 mosaxle. amaTSi 26 komli lazi iyo, sami ber-Zeni, erTi somexi, erTic poloneli, danarCenebi ki _ megrele-bi. Sesabamisad, gasagebia is gavlena, rac lazurma moaxdina ab-JuelTa metyvelebaze.

saanalizod warmodgenili lazuri leqsika ramdenime nawi-lad davajgufeT:

1. saerToqarTveluri leqsika, romelic megrulSi ar gvxvdeba:

dicxiri `sisxli~ (gv. 242) < laz. dicxiri `id~. bere / bee `vaJiSvili~ (gv. 60, 61), gege-ber-i `geges, wm.

giorgis biWi~ (gv. 85), lulu-ber-i `Cvili, yrma~ (gv. 383) < laz. bere `bavSvi, Svili~ (megrulSi ber[e] mxolod gvarsaxe-lebis Semadgenel nawilad gvxvdeba: ber-ia, gigi-ber-ia, kaku-ber-ia).

makiafi `turis tabuirebuli saxeli~ (gv. 386) < laz. mkÁafu / kÁafu `tura~.

kantari `simindis foCi~ (gv. 353) < laz. kantari / kantai `simindis kenwero~.

gendixuri `kerZi~ (gv. 93) < laz. genduxeri / genduReri `lazuri saWmelia erTgvari~.

wulu `patara~ (gv. 700) < laz. wulu `mcire, patara~ 2. sityvebi, romlebic megrulSi gvxvdeba semantikis

gadaweviT, an mxolod kompozitis nawilad: noRa `qalaqi, daba~ (gv. 526) < laz. noRa `id~. Sdr. megr.

noRa `mdinaris gamSrali kalapoti, mdinaris toti~. kule `mokle~ (gv. 375) < laz. mkule / kule. Sdr. megr.

xekule `moklexeliani, daavadebulxeliani~. damoukideblad es sityva (kule) megrulSi ar Cans.

3. hibriduli kompozitebi, romlis nawili megrulSi povnieria, nawili ki _ ucxoenovani:

kalagaleni `garecixe~ (gv. 352) < laz. kala (Turq. kale) `cixe~, galeni (megr.-laz.) `gareTa~.

germakoCi `tyis kaci~ (gv. 96). < laz. germa (Turq.) `tye~,

15

koCi (megr.-laz.) `kaci~. 4. Turqulidan da berZnulidan SeTvisebuli sityvebi,

romlebic megrulSi ar Cans: geminji `mezRvauri, gemis kapitani~ (gv. 91) < laz. gemiji <

Turq. gemici `id~. bibi `ixvi~ (gv. 62) < laz. bibi < Turq. bibi `id~. kala `cixe~ (gv. 352) < laz. kala / kale < Turq. kale `id~. TinCi `dinji~ (gv. 315) < laz. TinCi < Turq. dinci `mo-

rwmune~. kilisa / klisa `eklesia~ (gv. 265, 271) < laz. kilise / qi-

lise < Turq. kilise `id~. unoseli `ugnuri, ugono, Seugnebeli~ (gv. 613) < laz.

uRnoseli / unoseli `id~ < berZ. γνώση `Wkua~. es aris mcire nawili lazuri leqsikisa, romelic abJuaSi

gavrcelebul megrulSi gvxvdeba da warmodgenilia a. qobali-as `megrul leqsikonSi~.

g i or g i g ogol aS v il i (Tbilisi) dialeqtTa fxouri jgufis xolmeobiTebis Taobaze

cnobili WeSmaritebaa: qarTuli enis mTis dialeqtebisa-

Tvis damaxasiaTebelia arqauli movlenebi, romlebic Tavs iCens ZiriTadad fonetikasa da morfologiaSi. arqaul movle-naTa rigSi asaxeleben xolmeobiTobis kategorias.

xolmeobiTis morfologiuri kategoria gvaqvs xuTive fxo-ur dialeqtSi; magram ar aris erTgvarovani viTareba am kate-goriis morfologiuri gamoxatvis TvalsazrisiT. am mxriv fxouri jgufi samad SeiZleba daiyos:

a) mTiulurSi zustad iseTive viTarebaa, rogorc Zvel qarTulSi, amitom es SeiZleba miviCnioT tipiur arqa-izmad;

16

b) moxeurSi specifikuri viTarebaa; moSlis gzazea xolme-obiTis Zveli qarTuliseburi warmoeba; magram forma-Ta ganviTareba xdeba ara baris dialeqtTa umetesobisa anda axali qarTuli saliteraturo enis mimarTule-biT, aramed -ke nawilakis darTviT; es faqti SeiZleba ganxiluli iqnes inovaciad.

gacilebiT rTuli viTarebaa fSaursa da xevsurul-Tu-SurSi: am dialeqtTa I da II xolmeobiTebis III piris formebi Zveli qarTuliseburia da igi SeiZleba CaiTvalos arqaizmad (akeTebd-i-s, akeT-i-s...); ase vTqvaT, `Sereuli~ viTarebaa I-II pi-ris SemTxvevaSi: organuli warmoeba rom gvaqvs xolmeobiTisa, es arqaizmia, magram am organul formebSi -od (fSaurisaTvis) da -id (xevsurul-TuSurisaTvis) sufiqsiani warmoeba rom ga-Cnda, es inovaciaa.

Tu moxeur dialeqtSi SeiZleba saubari am kategoriis mo-Slis (gaqrobis) tendenciaze, amasve ver vityviT fSav-xevsuru-li xolmeobiTebis Sesaxeb: xdeba am formaTa mkacri formali-zeba; metic, -od da -id elementebi gamoyenebulia dialeqtTa urTierTgamijvnisaTvis (urTierTgamijvnis tendenciisaTvis ix. b. jorbenaZe), rac am formebs simyares aniWebs.

T a m ar g u C u a (quTaisi) performativebi megrulSi

(evropel mogzaurTa Canawerebisa da qarTuli eTnografiuli masalebis mixedviT)

performativi, rogorc moqmedebis eqvivalenturi gamonaT-

qvamis aRmniSvneli cneba, Tavdapirvelad britaneli filoso-fosis jon ostinis SromebSi gamoCnda. misi SeniSvniT, perfor-mativi iseTi sametyvelo erTeulia, romelic aucileblad gu-

17

lisxmobs moqmedebis Sesrulebas, warmoadgens an mxareebs So-ris raimeze SeTanxmebas an ubralod risame deklarirebas. ma-galiTad, konkretul socialur aqtSi standartuli winadade-bis _ `Tanaxma var, colad SevirTo~ _ warmoTqma niSnavs da-qorwinebas da a.S. (J. L. Austin, How to Do Things With Words, 1962). gamomdinare aqedan, performativebis ganxilva SeuZlebelia iseTi socialur-komunikaciuri situaciebis konteqstis gare-Se, rogorebicaa: fici, ganacxadi, brZaneba da a.S.

moxsenebaSi saubari gveqneba ramdenime megrul adaT-wesTan dakavSirebuli performatiuli gamonaTqvamis Sesaxeb, romelTa nawili _ qarTveli eTnografebis, nawili ki me-17 saukuneSi evropeli mogzaurebis mier samegreloSi iqna Cawerili.

unda aRiniSnos, rom Cveni TemisTvis saWiro masalis Tval-sazrisiT, yvelaze produqtiuli mainc glovis, niSnobisa da qorwinebis wes-Cveulebebi aRmoCnda.

glovasTan dakavSirebuli performativi: ojaxis wevrebi gardacvlilis sanacvlod SearCevdnen vin-

mes, misi Tvisebebis mqones, romelic mgloviares wvers (Tmas) samjer CamokreWda yvelas TandaswrebiT da ase xdeboda Svilna-fici.

ficis formula: `Sen - mama (deda), me - Svili!~ niSnobasTan dakavSirebuli performativi: me-17 saukuneSi samegreloSi sakmaod gavrcelebuli iyo

qal-vaJis akvanSi daniSvnis wesi, romelic ase sruldeboda: vaJis deda mimarTavda Tavis Svils da miuTiTebdas gogos

akvanze: `ai, Seni coli~! gogos deda miubrundeboda Tavis Svils, uCvenebda vaJs da etyoda: `aha, Seni qmari! RmerTma ga-gzardoT, dagaqorwinoT, erTmaneTTan bednierad da siam-tkbilobiT gacxovroT~.

niSnobasTan dakavSirebuli am performatiuli gamonaTqva-mebis, rogorc dalocvis erTgvari formulis, orive mxaris mi-er samjer warmoTqmis Semdeg niSnobis wesi Sesrulebulad iT-vleboda da am aRTqmis darRveva masSi monawile pirebisTvis dauSvebeli iyo

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qorwinebasTan dakavSirebuli performativi: sainteresoa, rom jvriswerasTan dakavSirebuli performa-

tiuli gamonaTqvamebi sxvadasxva kulturasa Tu eTnosSi me-twilad msgavsia (igulisxmeba ritualis wamyvani piris mier qorwinebis TanxmobasTan dakavSirebuli SekiTxvis dasma da masSi monawile pirebis mier pasuxis gacema). Tumca, me-17 sau-kunis samegrelos magaliTze Tu vimsjelebT, mcire, genderuli xasiaTis gamonaklis SemTxvevasTan gvaqvs saqme: jvrisweramde mRvdeli sasiZosa da sapatarZlos mimarTavda tradiciuli ki-Txva-formuliT: `Tanaxma xarT jvrisweris?~ sasiZosgan advili iyo Tanxmobis miReba, sapatarZlosgan ki iSviaTad gaigonebdiT `ho~-s an `ara~-s, radgan saqorwilo ceremonialis dros qa-lis mxridan xmis amoReba imdroindel megrul sazogadoebaSi uwesobad iTvleboda da qalis dumili niSnavda dasmul Seki-Txvaze mis Tanxmobas.

mkvlevrebis SeniSvniT, ganxiluli gamonaTqvamebis specifi-kuroba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom maT mxolod konkretul, gansa-zRvrul situaciaSi aqvT mniSvneloba, ramdenadac ar aRweren aranair moqmedebas, piriqiT, TviTon warmoadgenen mas. moxsene-baSi zemoCamoTvlili da kidev sxva ramdenime adaT-wesTan da-kavSirebuli performativebic SedarebiT dawvrilebiT iqneba ganxiluli.

e k a d ad i a n i (quTaisi) eme nacvalsaxeli imerxeulsa da taourSi

imerxeulsa da taourSi aqtiurad gamoiyeneba eme (/ ime)

nacvalsaxeli, romelic metyvelebaSi umTavresad pauzis Semav-seblis funqcias asrulebs.

I. eme nacvalsaxeli gvxvdeba sxvadasxva brunvis formiT: agze eme? yofila, naqilisvari; dRe racxa Tqva ememac, Te-

19

levizionma; aT jval emes evReb, fqvils; Cveni wyalic ha iqedam modis, emis Ziridam, tyes Ziridan (imerx.)... fasuliesac emeze wasula, eger, sarebze; es sofeli emidam mosuli arian, fo-cxovidam (taouri).

II. saanalizo nacvalsaxeli mravlobiTs imerxeulsa da ta-ourSi sxvadasxvagvarad awarmoebs:

a) imerxeulSi eme nacvalsaxeli mravlobiTSi -eb sufiqss dairTavs. mag.: mua RarWebi, emeebi, baRnebi; Cven iq emiebi qvqonda, patara saxlebi; am emeefSi arian, zemoT yiSleefSi...

b) taourSi narTaniani mravlobiTis formebi ixmareba. mag.: erT agaraSi emeni, deliyanlebi (vaJebi), bganebi (gogone-bi) beraber viferxulefT; zamTri didi emeni, Ramevnari ari; emeT gavrcxavT, yabeb (WurWels) gavrcxavT; niCfiTac emeT,

gubreT (nakels) duyriT. III. eme nacvalsaxeli xSirad Sesabamis zmnas erwymis da er-

Tian yalibs qmnis: a) imerxeulSi I seriis formebTan micemiTis -s formanti

metwilad SenarCunebulia. mag.: memre emesvijebiT, vWriT, yar-Tof movTxriT; imaT emesijebiT da, klavT? RamiT yanas emes-viqT, doucadefT...

Sdr. II-III seriis formebi: erT aT weliwadsac iq emevqen, vicocxle; iq emeuqnian, mouxnavan yaniebi boina.

b) taourSi eme nacvalsaxeli ZiriTadad unificirebuli saxiT, saxelobiTis formiT gvxvdeba samive seriis formebTan. mag.: Tevzi ase emeijeba, farTxalofs; [gveli] moa, emegizams, dagsunavs; im Sav adgil emeiqam, gahyri... Tu zeirma (Sxamma) eme giyo, aRar gamTeldebi; sxva WenWi gemevqene qi, ka~ Se~ gomoideso... Turqeb eme uqnian, goudenian ermenebi aqedama (S.futkaraZe).

eme nacvalsaxeli dasturdeba: livanurSi, aWarulSi, ka-xurSi... calkeul kiloebSi gvxvdeba: ime (kax., livan.), ame (xevs., mox.), iseme/ isame (qarTl., kax.).

samecniero literaturaSi eme nacvalsaxelis warmomavlo-ba axsnilia: eme momdinareobs ama nacvalsaxelisagan; ime-sa-

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Tvis amosavalia ima; eseme/ iseme rTuli Sedgenilobisaa: es, is + eme (ar. martirosovi, gr. imnaiSvili).

lali e zu g b a i a (Tbilisi) pirveli subieqturi piris alomorfTa kilokavuri ganawilebisaTvis megrul-lazurSi

megrul-lazurSi pirveli subieqturi piris alomorfebis ki-lo-kavebis mixedviT ganawilebis damatebiTi analizis Sedegad gamoCnda:

1. pirveli subieqturi piris {v-} niSnis alomorfTa pozi-ciuri ganawilebis TvalsazrisiT sxvaobas bagismierTa wina po-ziciaSi ganapirobebs `morfonologiuri SeuTavseblobis~ da-Zlevis ori sxvadasxva gza: erTi mxriv, gvaqvs megrulisa da lazurisTvis saerTo tendencia: /v-/ alomorfis SenarCuneba (centraluri areali), meore mxriv, gansxvavebuli mimarTule-ba: lazurSi nulovani markeris gaCena, metaTezi _ megrulis zugdidur-samurzayanoul kilokavSi (ganapira areali).

2. xmovniswina poziciaSi lazursa da megrulSi alomorf-Ta ganawileba kilokavuri maxasiaTebelia, Tumca zugdidur-sa-murzayanoulSi sxvaoba metaTezisis Sedegia.

3. intervokalur poziciaSi erTmaneTs uaxlovdeba zugdi-dur-samurzayanouli da xofuri nulovani markeris gaCeniT.

4. yvelaze metad megruli da lazuri erTmaneTs mihyveba alomorfTa ganawilebis wesiT Tanxmovniswina poziciaSi, Tum-ca aqac SesamCnevia kilokavuri sxvaoba ama Tu im alomorfis ganzogadebis mixedviT: /v-/ ganzogaddeba megrulis orsave ki-lokavsa da lazuris aTinur kilokavSi, xolo /b-/ ganzogadde-ba xofursa da viwur-aTinurSi.

5. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom {v-} morfemis fonologiuri

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gardaqmnis procesi yvelaze sustia senakur-martvilur metyve-lebaSi, xolo procesi Zlierdeba ganapira arealisken: dasav-leTiT samurzayanoulis mimarTulebiT, aRmosavleTiT aTinu-ris mimarTulebiT. sqematurad alomorfTa ganawileba ase gamoiyureba:

zanuri pozicia

prefiq-si

- V

V - V

-cmJR.

-cfSv.

-cmkv.

m

p

f

b

zugd.-samurz.

{v-} v - , b-// f- //p-, -

v -// -

b-//v- f-//v- //b-

p-//v-// b-

b-//f-//p-//m-

mart. senak.

{v-} v - v - v-//b- v-//f-//b-

v-//p-//b-

v-

xof.

{v-} v - - b- f-//b- p-//b-//f-

//- b-//f-//v-//m

viw. arq.

{v-} b - //v- b - b- f-//b- p-//b-//f-

//- b-//f-//v-//m

aTin. {v-} v - //b- v - b-//v- f-//b-//v-//-

p-//b-//f-//v-

//- b-//f-//v-//m

moxsenebaSi vrclad warmovadgenT saTanado masalis ana-

lizs. kvleva Sesrulebulia rusTavelis erovnuli samecniero fondis sagranto proeqtis farglebSi.

22

r eu v e n e n o x i (ierusalimi), ru s ud a n s aR i n a Z e (quTaisi) ebian mravlobiTSi fuZis ukvecelobis SemTxvevebi qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi

1. sxvadasxva epoqis qarTul werilobiT ZeglebSi, XIX sau-

kunis II naxevrisa da XX saukunis dasawyisis presis enaSi, dia-leqtebSi, agreTve qarTvel ebraelTa bibliuri wignebis tra-diciul zepir TargmanebSi dasturdeba a- xmovanfuZian saxel-Ta ebiani mravlobiTis ukveceli formebi (Rirsebaebi, cxov-rebaebi, gamocemaebi, cnobaebi, CemisTanaebi...). Cndeba ramde-nime varaudi: a. es movlena uZvelesia, sakuTriv qarTuli enis-Tvis damaxasiaTebeli; b. aseTi formebi damaxasiaTebeli iyo romelime dialeqturi wrisTvis an literaturuli skolis-Tvis da Tavs iCenda am wridan Tu skolidan gamosul mweral-Ta, moRvaweTa naazrevSi.

2. rTulia ebiani mravlobiTis ukvecel formaTa qrono-logiis gansazRvrac. samecniero literaturis mixedviT, a-

xmovanfuZian saxelTa ukveceli formebi Zvel qarTulSive das-turdeba. i. imnaiSvili asaxelebs ramdenime magaliTs: gugaebi (`gamoslv.~), guga~Ta (`abos wam.~ iqve aris amave saxelis Sekve-cili formac: gugisa)...

ebiani mravlobiTis ukveceli formebi SemCneuli aqvT sxva mecnierebsac: a. SaniZis `qarTuli enis gramatikis safuZvleb-Si~ (1980 w.) ukvecelobis nimuSad warmodgenili saxelis lurja-s brunebis paradigmas mravlobiTSi aseTi saxe aqvs: lurja-eb-i, lurja-eb-ma, lurja-eb-s... a- xmovanfuZian saxel-Ta Taviseburebebs exeba o. uridia, romelic g. erisTavis TxzulebaTa enaSi gamoyofs formebs: xeobaebi, goraebi, wur-belaebi (> wurbeleebi)... qarTvel ebraelTa bibliuri wigne-bis tradiciul zepir TargmanebSi arsebul formaTa (qebaebi, sakvirvelobaebi, konaebi…) safuZvelze miCneulia, rom qar-Tvel ebraelTa metyvelebis ganviTarebis garkveul etapze uk-

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veceli formebi savsebiT Cveulebrivi iyo (r. enoxi). 3. ebian mravlobiTSi fuZis ukvecelobasTan dakavSirebul

problemaTa asaxsnelad mniSvnelovania qarTuli enis dialeq-tebis monacemTa Seswavla. ukveceli formebi met-naklebad da-Cndeba rogorc aRmosavleT, ise dasavleT saqarTvelos dia-leqtebSi (dedaebi, biZaebi, Zmaebi, daebi, vaJaebi, danukaebi, xmaebi, SeSaebi, legendaebi, sxvaebi...), agreTve saqarTvelos farglebs gareT arsebul dialeqtebSi. es movlena asaxulia qarTuli enis dialeqtur leqsikonebSi, teqstebSi, sxvadasxva gamocemaSi (avtorebi: i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i. qavTara-Ze, S. ZiZiguri, q. ZoweniZe, b. jorbenaZe, S. futkaraZe, S. niJa-raZe, n. surmava, m. faRava, m. cincaZe, gr. imnaiSvili, v. abaSvi-li (kuzibabaSvili), m. beriZe, m. barixaSvili...), qarTuli dia-leqturi korpusis masalebSi.

4. ebian mravlobiTSi a- xmovanfuZian saxelTa fuZis ukve-celobis SemTxvevebi qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi, gansakuTre-biT saqarTvelos farglebs gareT arsebul dialeqtebSi (ingi-lourSi, SavSur-imerxeulSi, fereidnulSi…) ganamtkicebs va-rauds imis Sesaxeb, rom es movlena uZvelesia, sakuTriv qar-Tuli enisTvis damaxasiaTebeli.

i g or k e k el i a (martvili) afxazeTis istoriuli toponimiidan (`bedia~, `ilori~, `cxomi~// `cxumi~)

bedia. saxelwodebis warmoSobis Sesaxeb cnobilia saisto-

rio wyaroebis monacemebi. am wyaroebis Tanaxmad, saxelwodebis mniSvneloba dakavSi-

rebulia sityva bedTan. `qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsiko-nis~ mixedviT bedis erT-erTi mniSvnelobaa ,,kargi xvedri _ iRbali, bedniereba~ (qegl I 1990: 124).

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toponimis semantikis Sesacnobad sayuradReboa bedia si-tyvis sxva mniSvnelobebic. samurzayanoelTa (da, saerTod, me-grelTa) metyvelebaSi igi aRniSnavs `saRvTos, xatze Sesaxele-buls~, `xatis tyes~. amasTanave, bedias eZaxian `CaRrmavebul adgils, qvabuls~. am ukanasknel mniSvnelobasTan semantikura-daa dakavSirebuli, agreTve, bede, rac warmoadgens erTgvar tablas, zed amoWrili CaRrmavebebiT, Romis Casagebad (qobalia 2010: 60). sagulisxmoa is garemoeba, rom samurzayanosa da sa-megreloSi, adgils, sadac adre xatis tye iyo gaSenebuli, be-dianaCens uwodeben (iqve).

aseTi ganmarteba safuZvels iZleva, rom eWvqveS davayenoT istoriul wyaroebSi toponim `bediis~ Sesaxeb daculi in-formacia, da safuZvliani, amasTanave, aucilebeli koreqtire-ba SevitanoT saxelwodebis motivaciaSi; amdenad, SesaZlebelia bedia orgvarad gaviazroT. kerZod, 1. `xatze Sesaxelebuli, xatisTvis miCenili tye an miwa~, da 2. `CaRrmavebuli adgili, qvabuli, tafobi~.

ilori sofeli da Temis centria oCamCiris raionSi, Ra-liZgis marcxena mxares. z. d. 10 m-is simaRlezea da oCamCires 3 km aSorebs.

msgavsi toponimi gvxvdeba samtrediisa da wyaltubos rai-onebSic. toponim ilor-is etimologiisaTvis sagulisxmoa a. qobalias leqsikonSi warmodgenili monacemebis gaTvaliswine-ba.

lori, ilori megrulSi aRniSnavs rogorc mors an more-bad dasaWrel xes, aseve Zels, Zelicxovels. a. qobalias `leq-sikonSi~ iloria ganmartebulia rogorc `morisa, Zelisa; mo-rvadi, xleCadi; samore tye; sakerpe Zelisa~, xolo ilorili rogorc `damorili~ (qobalia, 2010: 324). imave leqsikonis mi-xedviT ilorua megrulSi aRniSnavs `morebad xleCas, damor-vas (iloru ixliCeba, imoreba)~ (iqve).

iloris varianti lori imave leqsikonSi warmodgenilia ramdenime mniSvnelobiT: `lori mori, naxeTqi xisa; upirate-sad, Suaze gaxeTqili xe an Zalian sqeli da farTo namori,

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iyeneben karvis banur saxuravad an xis cixe-simagris mZlavri kedlis amosayvanad~ (iqve: 383). loria igivea, rac ,,namori, jirkutana~; lorili aRniSnavs `damorils, SuaSi gaxeTqil xes~, xolo loriSi _ `naxeTqi moris nagebobas (sazog.); xeSi gamoRebul navs~ (iqve: 383). tyeSi sacxovreblad gamiznuli da daxeTqili, gauCorknavi xeebiT agebuli qoxi, moris karavi `loriS kared~ iwodeboda (iqve). morebad daxleCili xeebiT agebul cixes loriS jixas uwodebdnen (iqve). amasTanave, olore samore tyis aRmniSvneli sityvaa, xolo olorue aR-niSnavs morebis damzadebis an morebis dasacurebel adgils (iqve: 538).

megrulis saleqsikono masalebSi yuradRebas iqcevs Semde-gi ganmartebebic: iloriS niSi `iloris niSi, tyeSi dadgmu-li qviTkiris patara sveti, romlis TaxCaSic esvena xati~; iloriS oxvame `iloris saydari; Zelis saydari~; ilorgani ,,iloris mxrisa, sakafi (tye)~ (qobalia, 2010: 324).

zemoT moxmobili sailustracio masaliT SegviZlia sof-lis saxelwodeba `ilori~ davakavSiroT lor-Tan (mwyemsTa sa-dgomi karvis gadasaxuravad gamosayenebeli farTo da sqeli, napobi ficris dasamzadebeli tye~, an `Zelicxoveli, xatis da-sasvenebeli TaxCiani niSi~).

dasaSvebia toponim `iloris~ sxvagvari gaazrebac. kerZod, masSi SesaZlebelia piris saxel ilias gamoyofa da kuTvnilo-ba-visobis aRmniSvneli -ur sufiqsis sawarmoqmno derivatad miCneva. maSasadame: iliauri_iliuri_ilori.

cxomi// cxumi// soxumi. mkvlevarTa mier dadgenilia, rom suxumi qarTveluri cxu-

mis Turqizebul formas warmoadgens, vinaidan Turquls ara aqvs c afrikati; amasTanave, vinaidan sityvis dasawyisSi ori Tanxmovnis Tavmoyras Turquli ena ver hguobs, amitom `cxum~ formis nacvlad TurqulSi mkvidrdeba saxenacvali forma su-xumu da suxum.

am toponimis warmomavlobis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva Tvalsazri-si arsebobs. erTi maTgani ekuTvnis g. fifias, romelic miiC-

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nevs, rom toponim ,,cxumisaTvis~ amosavalia rcxilis erT-erTi saxeobis zanuri saxelwodeba, cˆ, ramac sxva zanur-megrul si-tyvasTan (`xum~) SeTanxmebiT mogvca toponimi cuxum anu `mSrali rcxila~ (fifia, `saxalxo ganaTleba~, #10, 1990: 13).

toponim ,,cxumis~ g. fifiaseuli analizi dazustebas saWi-roebs. Tuki CavTvliT, rom `cxumis~ erT-erTi komponentia xum- sityva, maSin igi unda iTargmnos ara rogorc `mSrali~, aramed rogorc `xmeli~. amasTanave, kavkasiuri rcxilis megru-li Sesatyvisia cxemuri //cximuri, xolo ci//cu igivea, rac Tela da Teladuma (mayaSvili, 1991:152).

amdenad, cxomi // cxumi unda gaviazroT rogorc `xmeli Tela~.

l e v a n k el aur a Z e (Tbilisi) svanizmebi megrul-lazuri enis lazur dialeqtsa da qarTuli enis aWarul, gurul da imerul dialeqtebSi

megrul-lazuri enis lazur dialeqtsa da qarTuli enis

aWarul, gurul da imerul dialeqtebSi dasturdeba ara er-Ti leqsikuri erTeuli, romlebic, Cveni varaudiT, an svanuri-dan unda iyos nasesxebi (lazurSi), an svanur substrats unda warmoadgendes (qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi).

lazuri < svanuri laz. stipo `mJave~ < svan li-Sdeb `afueba~; (lipartelia-

ni) i-Stb-i `deddeba~ (Sdr.: (saba) Tbe `xolo comi ra damJav-des da safuar iqmnas~); laz. i-sTer-s, i-sTir-s `TamaSobs~, o-sTe(r)-u `TamaSi, TamaSoba~ < svan. (zs.) li-Sder, (bq.) li-

Sdir `Tavis Seqceva~ da sxv. migvaCnia, rom bgeraTfardoba _ qarT.-megr.-laz. T : svan.

Sd _ ugamonaklisoa (gamonaklisis sailustraciod xSirad mo-

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xmobili Zv. qarT. sasTauli (> sasTunali) ormagi prefiqsaci-iT Cans miRebuli < *sa-sa-Tav-ul-i), amdenad zemoT warmodge-nili lazuri sityvebi, iseve rogorc yvela is lazuri sityva, romlebic sT (< *ST) kompleqss Seicavs da paralels hpovebs svanur enaSi, swored svanuridan nasesxebad aris misaCnevi.

aWaruli, guruli, imeruli < svanuri (gur.) ankraT `Worad naTqvami; gadakvriT, naxevrad misax-

vedrad naTqvami~ < svan. ankr `eWvi, gumani; mobezreba~, ankrd

`yurmokrulad~; (imer.) zisxa `ixmareba Sedarebisas -viT Tan-debuliT metad mware da cudi gemos aRsaniSnavad. zisxasaviT maqvs piri, zisxasaviT gemo aq~ < svan. zisx `sisxli~; (gur.) fandel-i (fandlisa) `msaxuri~ < svan. (bz., bq.) fùmli, (lSx.) famli `Sinayma, Sinamosamsaxure, laqia~ (<laT. famulus, i `momsaxure, Tanmxlebi~); (gur., imer.) Stim-v-a, da-Stim-v-a `Tvalis datyvreca, Tvalis briali~ < svan. (bz.) Stif,

Stiflùò, (lSx.) Stiblañ, StiÍlù `elami, Tvalmrudi, bru-tiani; lnt. Tvalebgadmokarkluli~; (liparteliani) Stãve `moRrecili TvaliT iyureba~, Stãvar `bruciani, elami~, (dun-dua) Stivár `bruciani, elami~; (z. aWar.) jara `pirutyvis wylis dasalevi varcli; sawnaxeli~ < svan. (zs., lnt.) jùr, (lSx.) jar `varcli~ da sxv.

aRniSnul dialeqtebsa da svanur enas araerTi iseTi sazi-aro leqsikuri erTeulic moepovebaT, romelTa maincdamainc substratad kvalificirebac Wirs, Tumca mxolod am dialeq-tebSi gamovlenili sityvebis saTanado svanur masalasTan Sepi-rispirebisas, vfiqrobT, gasaTvaliswinebeli unda iyos is ga-remoeba, rom es sityvebi SesaZloa svanuri subtratis naSTs, an svanuridan nasesxobas warmoadgendes. cxadia, calkeul Se-mTxvevaSi verc sesxebis sapirispiro mimarTulebas gamovricxavT.

Sdr.: (gur.) ga-klim-v-a `sinjis aReba, gasinjva sasmelisa~ < svan. i-kmùr-i `isinjavs; moinaxulebs~; prat-i (z. aWar.) `agde-biT: gogo, qaliSvili~, (S. futkaraZe _ `Cveneburebis qarTu-li~) `gogona, qaliSvili~ _ svan. (liparteliani) li-prat-i `mirtyma patara gogosadmi~, li-prânte `patara gogos gaupa-

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tiureba~, xo-prât-i `patara gogos uCans sasqeso organo~; (z. aWar.) fuTxo `xmeli muwuki~, (gur.) fufx-i `kanis avadmyofo-ba~, da-fufx-v-a `xmeli muwukebis dayra~ _ svan. fuTxÍ, furTxÍ `saqonlis mWle xorcisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli buStu-kebi; qonSi dabudebuli mavne ujredi, xorcis Semagrebuli burTula~ (Sdr.: (imer.) fuTq-i `patara wyalCamdgari buStu-ki sxeulis nawilze sidamwvris an cemis Sedegad~); (imer., gur.) fuw-i `TamaSobis dros Secdoma; fuwime! amboben, roca Secdomis gasworeba surT: ukacravad, Semcdao; TamaSobis dros Secdomaze ityvian~. (gur.) fuc-eb-a `Secdoma TamaSSi~ _ svan. (liparteliani) fuw `rik-tafelobis an kartis Tama-Sis dros mowinaaRmdeges eubnebian wagebis dros~; (gur.) qam-i `nami, sisvele~, da-qam-uli `danamuli, nestiani~, da-qam-va `da-sveleba odnav~ _ svan. qim, (lSx.) qàm `cremli~; (gur.) Ran-il-i `wvimis cota xniT gadaReba, gamodareba~, i-Ran-ila `wvi-mam cota xniT gadaiRo~ < svan. (bz., lSx.) Rær-i, Ràr-i `odnav dari~ da sxv.

lazursa da qarTuli enis dasavlur dialeqtebSi gamo-vlenili leqsikuri svanizmebi, am dialeqtTa gavrcelebis are-alSi dadasturebul svanurenovan toponimikasTan (mag. lan-CxuTi, laiTuri da sxv.) erTad, savaraudod, aRniSnul teri-toriaze svanTa odindeli gansaxlebis Taobaze unda metyve-lebdes.

c ic i n o k v a n t al i a n i, rus ud a n la nd i a (Tbilisi) zmnuri fuZeebisa da Temis niSanTa kvlevisaTvis dialeqturi korpusis mixedviT

qarTuli saliteraturo enisagan gansxvavebiT dialeqteb-

Si zmnuri fuZeebisa da Temis niSanTa warmoeba ufro mraval-ferovania. es mravalferovneba zmnis fuZis Sedgenilobasac exeba da Temis niSanTa nairsaxeobebsac. dialeqtebSi Temis ni-

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SanTa variantebi farTo speqtriT aris warmodgenili. am yve-lafers warmoaCens da TvalsaCinos xdis dialeqturi korpusis mixedviT kvleva. gamovyofT ramdenime SemTxvevas.

1) dialeqtebSi saliteraturo enisagan ar gansxvavdeba arc zmnuri fuZe da arc zmnis yalibi. gansxvavebas qmnis Temis niSanTa fonetikuri variantebi.

yalibi: V-zmnuri fuZe _ Temis niSani a-bar-eb-s a-mb-ob-s a-gin-eb-s a-bar-em-s a-mb-ov-s a-gin-ef-s a-bar-ev-s a-mb-om-s a-gin-av-s a-bar-ef-s a-mb-of-s a-gin-am-s 2) dialeqtebSi saliteraturo qarTuli enisagan ar gan-

sxvavdeba arc zmnuri fuZe, arc zmnis yalibi, magram zmniswini gansxvavebulia da awarmoebs axal zmnur formas, romelic sa-literaturo qarTul enaSi ar dasturdeba. icvleba zmnis mniSvnelobac.

yalibi: zmnuri fuZe - Temis niSani far-av faravs, dafaravs magram amofaravs = dafaravs saliteraturo qarTulSi amofaravs forma ar iwarmoeba. `purisaTvis jer miwas davxnavT, mermed davfarcxavT, me-

rmed purs amovfaravT~ (qv.imer). 3) dialeqtebSi ar icvleba zmnuri forma, arc zmnis mniS-

vneloba, magram icvleba yalibi: yalibi: V -zmnuri fuZe - Temis niSani (variantebiT) a-fas-eb daafasebs a-fas-ef daafasefs a-fas-en daafasenda (samcx.javax.) yalibi: zmnuri fuZe - Temis niSani h-fas-av dahfasavdnen = daafasebdnen (mT.-gudamayr.) 4) dialeqtebSi Seicvala zmnuri fuZe, zmnis yalibic da

mniSvnelobac ucvlelia.

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yalibi: V-zmnuri fuZe _ Temis niSani (variantebi) 1) a-far-ev ifareven, afareven a-far-ef gadavafarefT, daafaref a-far-en dagvafarenda, Segvafarenda a-far-em davafaremdiT, davafarem a-far-an Tav afarandnen (samcx.-javax.). 2) V-SekumSuli fuZe _ Temis niSani a-fr-i-s = afarebs miwas afris (samcx.javax.). xsov zmnuri fuZe dialeqtebSi icvleba da ramdenime vari-

antiT gvxvdeba. yalibi: V-zmnuri fuZe a-xsov-s a-xsom-s a-xson-s a-xsof-s amgvarad, dialeqturi korpusis mixedviT zmnuri fuZeebisa

da Temis niSanTa warmoebis Zalian saintereso suraTi ikveTe-ba. winamdebare moxsenebaSi ganvixilavT sxvadasxva zmnur fuZe-sa da Temis niSans da warmovaCenT maTi Semdgomi kvlevis mo-samzadebel samuSaoebs.

m a i a k i k v a Z e (baTumi) ilia WavWavaZis mouravis meuRlis Canawerebi rogorc dialeqturi teqsti

ilia WavWavaZis cxovrebis bolo wlebis Sesaxeb saintere-

so cnobebs gvawvdis mwerlis ukanaskneli mouravis, dimitri jaSis meuRle daria koplataZe-jaSi. misi mogonebebi (Cawerili 1955 -1965 wlebSi) Rirebulia rogorc istoriuli, ise lin-gvisturi TvalsazrisiT. mogonebebi asaxavs agreTve meoce sau-

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kunis sami aTeuli wlebis ambebs, romlebic gansakuTrebiT kargad damaxsovrebia daria koplataZes.

daria jaSi uSualo mowme iyo saguramos ambebisa da di-mitri jaSTan erTad ilias sicocxlis bolo sami Tvis ganmav-lobaSi yvelaze ufro axlo iyo mis ojaxTan, olRa guramiS-vilTan.

mogonebebs etyoba ganaTlebuli qalis xeli. mas stkiva ma-Sindeli saqarTvelos satkivari, qveynis bedi, ganicdis qveyana-Si Seqmnil mdgomareobas. mogonebebis mTavari mizania, gaifan-tos is cru Sexedulebebi, romelTa mixedviT ilias mkvlelo-bis organizatorad daria jaSis meuRle-dimitri jaSi iyo mi-Cneuli (i. jaSi 1963-1965, winasityvaoba).

werilebis enaze dakvirvebam gamoavlina Semdegi Tavisebu-rebani:

fonetikuri movlenebidan adgili aqvs substitucias. xSi-ria m/v monacvleoba: simavri.

mosalodneli kumSvis nacvlad saxelebi SeukumSavi formi-Taa warmodgenili: `jvaris weris ceremonias daeswren...~

sakuTari saxelebi gvxvdeba kninobiTis formiT: `ladiko

da iliko darCiebi~. pirveli piris nacvalsaxels naTesaobiT brunvaSi darTu-

li aqvs -s: Cems mimarT. zmnebSi dakargulia mesame iribi obieqtis niSani-h: `ro-

melsac colad yavda saxlis patronis qaliSvili maSo~; `igi mklav gayrili miyveboda qarTvels~.

mesame subieqturi piris mravlobiTobas gamoxatavs ara nen, aramed-en: daeswren, seirobden...

dakargulia SualobiTi kontaqtis niSniseuli -n: `dimit-ri cdilobda iliasTan ndoba moepovebia; ndoba daemsaxure-bia;

aRrevaa ricxvSi monacvle zmnebTan: `CavjeqiT, bargi dava-wyveT etlSi...~ `kaklis xis Ziras dajden CrdilSi~.

xSiria Temis niSanTa monacvleoba: `avadmyofs sicocxleSi Wiria eqimi~.

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zmnizedebi da Tandebulebi warmodgenilia Zveli qarTu-lis normiT:

`davbinavdiT veZinskis quCazed...~; `mTeli somxeTis bedi da xvedri Cems kiserzed madevso~; `rom mokvdeba, mermed ra uSvelis...~

iribi naTqvamis gamosaxatavad gamoyenebulia -o nawilaki:

,,miTxres, rom axatanis biWebi emzadebian ilias mokvlisaTviso

da Tqvenc didi sifrTxile gmarTebTo. werilebSi dadasturebulia gankerZoebuli sityvebi da

gamoTqmebi, kerZod: gankerZoebuli garemoeba, danarTi, CarTu-li: `dimitri sofromiC, ai iq, didi xis Ziras, civi da gemri-eli wyaros wyalia, moitane!~; `es Cveni vano, didad ganaTle-buli kaci, cam Caylapa Tu miwam...~ `madloba RmerTs, Tu mSromeli kacis naSroms RmerTma madlis Tvali moavlo~.

leqsikis garkveul nawils qmnis dialeqturi formebi, bar-barizmebi: `papiross-papirosze eweoda~; `SevediT meore sa-rTulis zalaSi~, `ezos oTxi straJniki icavs~.

werilebSi gvxvdeva frazeologizmebi, evfemizmebi, disfe-mizmebi: `glexobas ukve revoluciis niavma dabera~; `sityva

rom enaze ar gagiSres, Rvino dagvilie~! sikvdilis moaxloebas erTi mxriv evfemizmi gamoxatavs, me-

ore mxriv disfemizmi: `asakmac Tavisi zari Semokra~; `mag kni-azs male daamiweben Cveni soflis biWebi~; `me vano inaSvili ar viyo, Tu eg kaxeli Tavadi ar CavaZaRlo~.

dadasturebulia xelovnuri formebi: `miSuamdgomlos, rom Cems Svils SeeZlos saxlSi Ramis gaTeva da Tavdebi gami-keToso~.

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m a r i a m ko b e r i Z e (gori)

dargobrivi leqsika dimitri baqraZis `qarTlur-kaxuri, imeruli, guruli, qobuluri (Curuqsuli) da aWaruli kiloebis mokle SedarebiT leqsikonSi~

1878 wels sankt-peterburgSi saimperatoro mecnierebaTa

akademiis gankargulebiT daistamba dimitri baqraZis wigni `arqeologiuri mogzauroba guriasa da aWaraSi~. masSi ganxi-lulia avtoris mier 1873 wels guriasa da aWaraSi Sekrebili mdidari faqtobrivi da eTnografiuli masala.

dimitri baqraZes mogzaurobisas sofel kobalaurSi pirve-lad mosvlia azrad Seedgina Curuq-sus, aWaris, guriis, imere-Tisa da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos yofa-cxovrebaSi saxmar sa-xelwodebaTa mcire SedarebiTi leqsikoni. masalebis moZiebaSi mas daexmarnen ojaxis maspinZlebi da axalgazrda guruli ka-landaZe, romelic kargad icnobda imereTs. kalandaZe uxsnida imerul da gurul saxelwodebebs. rogorc avtori aRniSnavs, es leqsikoni Semdeg man Seamowma da Seavso guriaSi da zemoT dasaxelebul monografias daurTo (danarTi I) zog eTnogra-fiul ganmartebebTan erTad.

leqsikonSi sityvebi dalagebulia ara anbanurad, aramed dargobrivi principiT. sqolioSi mocemulia mcire ganmartebe-bi SeniSvnebis saxiT. gamoyofilia aTi jgufi: 1. asaki, naTesao-ba da Tviseba; 2. tansacmeli; 3. iaraRi; 4. cxenis akazmuloba; 5. saxli da misi mokazmuloba; 6. samzareulo da saWmeli; 7. saojaxo meurneoba; 8. bostneuli, kulturuli da veluri mcenareebi; 9. Sinauri da gareuli cxovelebi; 10. orografia da topografia; zogi fizikuri movlena, sxvadasxva cnoba.

saanalizo masala yuradRebas iqcevs sinonimuri mniSvne-lobis sityvebiT. mag.: didi-deda (qarT. -kax.,), bebia (qarT.-kax., imer., gur.,), dine (qob., aWar.); Zalua (qarT.-kax.,), bico-la (imer., gur.), musadia (gur.), musalia, abla (qob., aWar.).

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sakinZi (qarT.-kax.), perangis Sesabnevi (imer.,), gulispiri (gur.,), sakisuri (qobul., aWar.); axaluxi (qarT.-kax., imer., gur.), saTburi (qob., aWar.) _ `saTburi muxlebamdea, CiTisa, dabambuli, saxeloiani~; taRi (qarT.-kax.,), kaJi (imer., guru-li., aWar. qob.); saqone (qarT.-kax., imer., gur.,), iaRdani (qob., aWar.,) _ ,,iaRdani brinjaosia. masSi inaxaven saWmel zeTs iara-Ris sawmendad~; bani (qarT.-kax.), saxuravi (imer., ), naburavi (qob., aWar,), sakuWnao (qarT.-kax.,); beReli, xula (imer., gur.,), xula (qobul., aWar.); sufra (imer., gur.), sufra, feS-xumi (qobul., aWar.) _ `sufra qarTl-kaxeTsa da TviT imereT-Si magidis gadasafarebelia, feSxumi ki saeklesio WurWeli. qobuleTsa da aWaraSi magidas ase uwodeben, albaT, imitom, rom mas feSxumis forma aqvs~; qvabi (qarT.-kaxeT.), kardali (imer., gur., qob., aWar.) _ `kardalSi Roms xarSavan. Romis sa-zel joxs guriaSi, qobuleTsa da aWaraSi Cogani hqvia, xolo riTac Roms amoarigeben, laferas eZaxian, imereTSi ki piriqiT _ lafera Cogania, xolo Cogani _ suTi~; liToni (qarT.-kax.), siqlinji (gur., qob., aWar.); gogra (qarT.-kax.), kvaxi (imer.), xapi (gur.), xape (qob., aWar.).

zogi masala leqsikonSi warmodgenilia garkveuli foneti-kuri cvlilebebiT. mag: Capraxti (qarT.-kax.), Cabrasti (gur., qobul., aWar.) _ `Cafrasti didi xania aRar ixmareba guriaSi. igi gvxvdeba guriis eklesiebis freskebze. Cafrati sxva arafe-ria, Tu ara Rilebis mwkrivi gulsafarze. varcli (qarT.-kax.), varcxli (gur., qob., aWar.); Tevzi (qarT. –kax.), Tebzi (gur., qob., aWar.); RerZi (qarT.-kax.), Rerwi (gur., qob., aWar.); xumi-ra (qarT.-kax.), xvimira (imer., gur., qob., aWar.); xurma (qarT.-kax., gur., qob., aWar.), xumla (imer.,); rTxmela (qarT.-kax., imer.), Txmela (gur., qob., aWar.).

erTi da igive sityva ramdenime cnebas gamoxatavs an sxva daniSnulebisaa sxvadasxva kiloebis mixedviT. mag.: kalo (qarT.-kaxur., imer., gur., qob., aWar.) _ `qarTlSi, kaxeTSi, ze-mo imereTsa da zemo aWaraSi kaloze xorbals an qers lewaven, guriaSi, qobuleTsa da qvemo aWaraSi kalos etyvian im ad-

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gils, sadac motexil siminds aquCeben~; vazi (qarT. kaxur.), ve-naxi (imer., gur., qob., aWar.). _ `dasavleT saqarTveloSi vazi sxva mniSvnelobiT ixmareba, vidre aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi. iq igi rtos niSnavs~.

kiloebis mixedviT ZiriTadad msgavsia samzareulosa da sa-Wmelebis aRmniSvneli leqsika. mag.: kalmaxi, nafota, zuTxi, loqo (Tevzis saxeebi).

sainteresoa botanikuri terminologia. mag., vaSlis jiSebi guriasa da Curuq-suSi: Saqar-vaSla, nefis vaSli, panta vaS-

li, rkina vuli, kopizuri; imereTSi: Saqar-vaSla, bora-vaS-li, kitra-vaSli, panta-vaSli; yurZnis jiSebi Curuq-suSi: Cxaveri, klarjuli, TeTruSa, samarxi, xofaTuri; guriaSi: sakmevela, xem-xu, tredis-fexa, orona, msxila-Taobani, mte-van-didi, kapistoni, ajaini, imereTSi: mwvane, Zvel-Savi, kun-Za-safere, dond-Rdabi (didi mtevani), kamuri; msxlis jiSebi Curuq-suSi: saenkenio msxali, satri msxali, kacisTavi, xeWe-Wura (yvelaze sagviano), inCqiTuri, sasele.

zogi leqsikuri erTeuli dadasturebulia gurulSi, qobulurSi da aWarulSi, magram Sesatyvisi ar aris miTiTebu-li qarTlur-kaxursa da imerulSi, an kidev piriqiT. mag.: me-re _ `nakveTi, romelzec didi xania aRar uTesiaT~ (gur., qob., aWar.); modula _ `nakveTi, romelzec yana hqondaT da didxans daasvenes, buCqnariT daifara da isev wmenden sayaned~ (gur.); ojenjali _ `direa, romelzec jaWvi kidia~ (gur., qob., aWar.)....

moxsenebaSi warmodgenili iqneba avtoris mosazreba leqsi-konis mniSvnelobaze, gurulisa da aWarulis, Wanurisa da me-grulis msgavsebaze leqsikis mixedviT.

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T a m ar lo mT a Z e (quTaisi) qarTvel ebraelTa metyvelebis SeswavlisaTvis _ mniSvneloba da problemebi

qarTvel ebraelTa metyvelebis Seswavlas didi mniSvnelo-

ba eniWeba rogorc qarTuli, aseve ebrauli enis istoriuli, dialeqtologiuri, sociolingvisturi Tu fsiqolingvisturi TvalsazrisiT.

saqarTveloSi 26 saukunovani Tanacxovrebis miuxedavad, am diasporis metyvelebis enobrivi analizi sagangebo kvlevis sa-gani TiTqmis arasodes gamxdara. ufro metic, Zalian cota gvaqvs Cawerili metyvelebis nimuSebic. arsebuli gamokvlevebi da masalebi, ra Tqma unda, mniSvnelovania, Tumca _ arasakma-risi.

ebraelTa metyvelebis Sesaxeb Sromebi ekuTvnis k. dumba-Zes, r. enoxs, T. lomTaZes,n. babalikaSvils, i. gagulaSvils, g. ben-orens da sxvebs, romlebSic naCvenebi, aRniSnuli da gaana-lizebulia Zveli ebrauli enis rekonstruqciis sakiTxebis mniSvnelobisaTvis qarTvel ebraelTa mier gamoyenebuli zogi-erTi leqsikuri erTeulis warmoTqma, enobrivi kontaqtebis TvalsazrisiT qarTul-ebrauli fonetikuri, morfologiuri da leqsikuri kontaqtebis Sedegebi, qarTul qalaqur Jargon-Si ebraizmebis gavrcelebis istoriis sakiTxebi; Cawerili da gamocemulia `Tavsilis~ teqsti, romlis enobrivma Seswavlam gaamdidra qarTuli dialeqtologiisa da qarTuli enis isto-riis kvlevebi da agreTve, Zveli aRTqmis Targmanebis, gansakuT-rebiT Targmanis zepiri tradiciebis kvleva da win waswia eb-rauli enebis Teoriuli da praqtikuli problemebis Seswav-lis saqme.

aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom gamokveTilia qarTvel ebraelTa metyvelebaSi dadasturebuli enobrivi mo-vlenebis analizis ZiriTadi konturebi fonetikur, gramati-kul Tu leqsikur doneze, Tumca saWiroa qarTvel ebraelTa

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metyvelebis dawvrilebiTi kvleva, dawyebuli warmoTqmidan, damTavrebuli gramatikuli da leqsikuri sakiTxebiT, raTa yvela enobriv movlenas mieces saTanado kvalifikacia, Tumca es garkveul siZneleebTanaa dakavSirebuli, radgan saqarTve-loSi dRes aRar gvaqvs ebraelTa kompaqturi dasaxlebebi, xo-lo aqa-iq SemorCenil ebraelebTan bevri maTTvis damaxasiaTe-beli enobrivi movlena ukve nivelirebulia. sasurvelia me-tyvelebis nimuSebis Cawera moxdes sazRvargareT, radgan sate-levizio gadacemebi gviCveneben, rom saqarTvelos gareT mcxov-reb qarTvel ebraelebs jer kidev aqvT SemorCenili maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli intonacia da enobrivi formebi.

o m ar m e m i S i S i (baTumi) zogi nawilakis funqciisaTvis lazurSi

megrul-lazurSi zmniswinTa sistema gacilebiT rTuli da mravalricxovania, vidre qarTulSi, amasTanave zogi zmniswini sxvadasxva mniSvnelobas aZlevs zmnas.

lazurSi go/gon (qarT. ga/gan) zmniswins SeuZlia zmnebis semantikuri gardaqmna (translacia): gon-wkifs `aRebs~, go-wkifs `atyavebs~, gon-dgineri `gazviadebuli~, go-dgineri `Semodgomili~, gon-taxeri `ganelebuli~, go-taxeri `Semote-xili~...

zmnisarTuli zmniswini okona (qarT. ukana) gamoxatavs ukuqceviTobas da zmnas ucvlis mniSvnelobas: Rurun `kvdeba~, okona-Rurun `ibnideba~, okona-xTu `ukuiqca~, okona-tkoCu `ukutyorcna~...

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n u g z ar m g el a Z e (baTumi) klarjuli kartlaØs (// qarTlaØs) mniSvnelobisaTvis

geografiuli saxelwodeba kartla (//qarTla) klarjeTSi

_ nigalisxevSia dadasturebuli. igi nigalisxevSi Woroxis auzis erT-erT qarTul sofels aRniSnavs, romelic Woroxis-piridan amaRlebul ferdobze mdebareobs. amJamad sofels Turqulad TuTunjulir qoiØs (tütüncüler köyü) eZaxian.

soflis struqtura ubnobriv gansaxlebas efuZneba. TiTo-eul ubans sakuTari saxelwodeba gaaCnia, sadac mosaxleobis mexsierebaSi Semonaxulia dasaxlebuli punqtebis Zveli qarTu-li saxelwodebebic. magaliTad, aseTia gugucuri, TeTreebi... adre aq qarTvelTa mosaxleobis damasabuTebeli sxvadasxva ti-pis toponimi arsebobda, iseTebi, rogoricaa kocanaxeTi (saZo-vari), Witavri (yana), Wa (saZovari), saqondria (Txilis baRi)...

kartla ise, rogorc qarTla qarTvelTa aRmniSvnel eTno-nimTan _ qarTvelTan da eTnografiuli jgufis gamomxatvel terminTan qarTlelTan, aseve, qarTvelTa samSoblos saxelwo-debasTan _ saqarTvelosTan da xoronim _ qarTlTan unda iyos dakavSirebuli.

eTnonim qarTveliØs Sesaxeb samecniero literaturaSi araerTi, xSirad, erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli mosazrebacaa gamoTqmuli (eqvT. TayaiSvili, s. janaSia, n. berZeniSvili, g. meliqiSvili, T. gamyreliZe, oT. lorTqifaniZe, d. musxeliSvi-li...).

vfiqrobT, kartla (//qarTla) uSualo mimarTebaSia dasav-leT saqarTveloSi dadasturebul eTnografiul terminebTan qaltaØsa da qarTaØsTan, romlebic Txis, cxvrisa da saqonlis sadgomi, moRobili adgili, baki-saCexe iyo. am xriv gasaTvalis-winebelia oseTSi gavrcelebuli saxelwodeba qurTaTa. mecni-erTa erTi nawili gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmobda am si-tyvis etimologias. mas osuri kaertaØs meSveobiT xsnida da

39

sakuTrebis formebs ukavSirebda. osuri kaerta ezos aRniS-navs. arc imas gamoricxaven, rom sityva kaerta iranuli warmomavlobis iyos. maTi azriT, kavkasiis sxvadasxva xalxSi topomonim qurTaTaØs msgavs terminologiaSi miwaze adrefeo-daluri sakuTrebis formebi airekleboda (al. robaqiZe). qur-TaTis xeobis teritoriebs mezobeli regionis mosaxleoba sa-zafxulo saZovrebad iyenebda, sadac paraleluri sameurneo bazebi _ droebiTi sadgomebi iyo mowyobili, romelTac qar-Ta ერქვა. igi droTa ganmavlobaSi mudmiv sacxovrebel adgi-lad iqceoda xolme da soflad yalibdeboda (b. gamyreliZe). swored qarTaØs, rogorc moRobili adgilis saxelwodebas, romelic klarjuli soflis saxelis kartlaØs (qarTlaØs) se-mantikuri da fonetikuri Sesatyvisi unda iyos, kavSirSi Cans eTnonim qarT’თan. aqedan gamomdinare, qarTvelTa TviTsaxel-wodebis formireba Semdegnairad unda ganviTarebuliyo: qar-Ta-eli>qarTaveli, sadac keTilxmovanobisaTvis xmovnebs Soris `v~ aris CarTuli > qarTveli (g. meliqiSvili), Tumca calke-uli avtori aseT gadasvlebs saeWvod miiCnevs, radgan eTnonimi qarTi arsad damowmebuli ar aris. aRniSnuli Sexedulebis Tanaxmad, Tbilisis megruli saxelwodeba da toponimi qarTi swored qarTliØdan momdinareobs da igi ukanasknel xans mwig-nobruli gziT Seiqmna. sinamdvileSi umarcvlo u-niT eTnonimi qarTu arsebobda, rasac megrelTa mier aRmosavlel-qarTvelTa saxelwodeba qorTu mowmobs. mecnierTa erTi nawilis varau-diT, es qarTu, advili SesaZlebelia, punqtsac da qveyanasac aRniSnavda, ris safuZvelzec swored misgan nawarmoebi saxelia qarTu-el-i, romelic wyaroebSi damowmebul uZveles formad miaCniaT. misgan momdinareobs sayovelTaod cnobili qarTveli (d. musxeliSvili). miuxedavad amisa, erT-erT bolo gamokvle-vaSi mkvlevrebi anviTareben azrs: Zvel qarTulSi ar gvaqvs *qarTu forma, magram dasturdeba u/ô sonantis qarTulSi v TanxmovanSi gadasvlis Sedegad -el sufiqsiT nawarmoebi qar-Tu-el-i _ qarTô-eli _ qarTvel-i. amdenad, qarTul-zanuri

40

enobrivi erTianobisaTvis unda davuSvaT *qarTu saxelis arse-boba qarTvelisa da qarTvelTa qveynis mniSvnelobiT, romel-mac megrul-lazurSi zanuri xmovanTgadawevis Sedegad kanon-zomierad mogvca qorTu, xolo sakuTriv qarT-ulSi -el bo-losarTis darTviT miviReT istoriulad dadasturebuli qarTv-el-i forma (T. gamyreliZe).

amrigad, klarjuli kartla (//qarTla) uSualod unda ukavSirdebodes saerTo qarTul qarTa’s SemoRobilis mniSvne-lobiT, romlebic gamoricxuli araa safuZvlad daedo qar-Tlsa da saqarTvelos ise, rogorc qarTlelsa da eTnonim _ qarTvels. aqve interesSemcvelia aseve klarjulSi, sofel kar-tlaSi dadasturebuli sityva bere, romelic `SemoRobils~ _ Txisa da cxvris sadgoms aRniSnavda. ber (//bera) saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi analogiuri mniSvnelobiT dasturdeba. sa-varaudoa, eTnonim ibersa da qveynis saqarTvelos Zvel saxel-wodebas _ iberias am sameurneo terminologiasTan gansa-zRvruli kavSiri hqondes. ko b a m i T a g v a r i a , l el a g i gl e m i a n i (Tbilisi) zoonimebis Semcveli frazeologiuri erTeulebis Sesaxeb megrulSi

megruli sakmaod mdidari da mravalferovania frazeolo-

giuri gamonaTqvamebiT, maTi warmomavlobis garkveva ki metad mniSvnelovania.

mravalferovan frazeologiur makrosistemaSi sxvadasxva mikrosistemebs (anu frazeologiur budeebs) gamoyofen;

amjerad Cveni moxsenebis ZiriTadi Temaa zoonimebis Semcve-li frazeologiuri erTeulebis struqturul-semantikuri analizi megrulSi.

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megrul masalaze dakvirvebis Sedegad gamoikveTa ramdenime semantikuri jgufi:

1. idiomi, romelic aris sakuTriv megruli: megr. geriS gimaxvenji `guladi, Seupovari [zedmiw. _

mgelze mjdomi, mgeliglejia (qali)]~... 2. idiomi, romelsac paraleli eZebneba qarTulsa da sva-

nurSi, esenia: megr. joRoriS bedi uRu umarTlebs (zedmiw. _ ZaRlis

bedi aqvs)~ svan. JeRiS bed xuR…a `bednieria (zedmiw. _ ZaRlis bedi

aqvs)~... 3. idiomi, romelic nawilobriv Tanxvedras poulobs qar-

TulTan an svanurTan: megr. Cxouq inaRvaru `yru adamiani (zedmiw. _ Zroxam Ca-

bRavla)~ svan. weli yîl m‰ xesmi `Seusmenelia (zedmiw. _ saxedris

yroyini ar esmis)~ da a. S. moxsenebaSi dawvrilebiT iqneba ganxiluli zoonimebis Se-

mcveli Cven mier moZiebuli yvela frazeologiuri erTeuli megrulSi. el e n e n a p i r el i (Tbilisi) qarTuli dialeqturi korpusi _ samecniero daskvne-bis gadamowmebis saSualeba

(-ye elementis magaliTze) rogorc cnobilia, -ye mravalfunqciuri nawilakia da sa-

kmaod produqtiulia qarTuli dialeqtebis erT nawilSi. -ye sufiqs-morfemoidi Tavs iCens qarTuli enis werilo-

biT ZeglebSi XI saukunidan; Tumca axal saliteraturo qar-

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TulSi aseTi formebi ar damkvidrebula da mxolod dialeq-tebSi SemogvrCa.

saenaTmecniero literaturaSi (arn. Ciqobava; i. gigineiSvi-li, v. Tofuria, i. qavTaraZe; b. jorbenaZe, m. kobaiZe, m. beriZe; k. tuiti; k. kublaSvili; m. faRava; n. surmava...) gamoTqmuli Sexedulebis Tanaxmad, -ye elementisTvis gamoyofilia Tande-bulis, nawilakis, sufiqs-morfemoidis funqciebi.

Cven SeviswavleT -ye nawilakisa da Tandebulis da maTi fonetikuri variantebis (-yen/-yena, -wyen, -yi, , -y... -ke, -ken...) reprezentacia qarTuli dialeqtebis korpusSi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTuli dialeqturi korpusis mixed-viT, aRniSnuli elementis geografiuli gavrcelebis are kidev ufro farTovdeba, vidre es samecniero literaturaSia miTi-Tebuli.

gamoqveynebul dialeqtur teqstebSi -ye xan winamaval si-tyvasTan erTad iwereba, xan defisiT da xan calke. qdk-Si teq-sturi masivis unifikaciis etapze -ye yovelTvis sityvasTan erTadaa gadmocemuli, raTa konkordansSi misi yvela realiza-cia erTad iyos dafiqsirebuli.

korpusulma kvlevam saintereso suraTi aCvena -ye elemen-tisa da misi fonetikuri variantebis funqciisa da geografi-uli gavrcelebis Sesaxeb qarTul enobriv sinamdvileSi. gamo-ikveTa Semdegi siaxleebi:

-yen elementis dadastureba fereidnulSi nawilakis funqciiT;

dadasturebiTi da -c nawilakis funqciiT -ye elemen-tis gamoyeneba ingilourSi.

-ye elementis dadastureba imerxeulSi, ramac, Sesabami-sad, gaafarTova am nawilakis gamoyenebis geografiuli are.

moxsenebaSi am sakiTxebze msjeloba vrclad iqneba warmo-dgenili.

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n i kolo z oTi n a S v il i (gori) toponimebisa da anTroponimebis SedarebiTi analizi qsnis xeobaSi

-ur sufiqsianma saxelebma Cveni yuradReba miiqcia, isini

oTxmocze metia da Tu SevudarebT istoriul dokumentacias, es ricxvi gaormagdeba. -ur-ul xeobaSi aRniSnavs warmomavlo-bas, misi erT-erTi funqcia aris kuTvnilebis gamoxatva.

-ur zogadad sxvadasxva daniSnulebisa da warmoSobisaa, maT Soris toponimTa erT nawilSi Sedis terminis Semadgen-lobaSi da qceulia adgilis saxeleodebad. es ki gvexmareba gadaSenebuli gvar-saxelebis aRdgenaSi.

rogorc profesori ak. SaniZe TxzulebaTa mesame tomSi aRniSnavs -ur sufiqsi sxva saxelTan aRniSnavs Tvisebas saTana-do saganTan mimarTebiT. rogorc Cans, mas aqvs sxva funqcia sxvadasxva dialeqtSi.

1774-82 wlebis qsnis xeobis statistikur aRweraSi an-Troponimebis sawarmoeblad xSir SemTxvevaSi gamoyenebulia -ur sufiqsi.

migvaCnia, rom gvarebis sawarmoeblad gamoyenebuli -ur suiqsi igivea rac toponimebSi gamoyenebuli -ur-i.

qsnur metyvelebaSi -ur / -ul sufiqsebs ZiriTadad kuT-vnilebasa da sadaurobis gamoxatvis funqcia gaaCnia, istoriu-lad daerTvoda saxelebic, romelic Semdgom gvarebad iqca.

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i zold a r u s a Z e (quTaisi) prof. mixeil alaviZe _ leCxumuri dialeqtis mkvle-vari (wignis gamocemidan 75 wlisTavis gamo)

prof. mixeil alaviZis, jer kidev me-4 kursis studentis, pirveli saenaTmecniero naSromi `leCxumuri leqsikoni~ sxva dialeqtur leqsikonTan erTad (krebuli guruli, zemoimeru-li da leCxumuri leqsikonebi) 1938 wels calke wignad gamo-sca ssr kavSiris mecnierebaTa akademiis saqarTvelos filial-ma. am wignSi prof. mixeil alaviZem warmoadgina leCxumuri dialeqturi leqsika, romelic mosaxleobis saqmianobasTan da-kavSirebul sityvebs Seicavs.

studentobis wlebSive Seudga mixeil alaviZe leCxumuri zepirsityvierebis nimuSebisa da eTnografiuli masalebis Se-krebas. es masala `leCxumuri zepirsityvierebis~ saxelwode-biT 1951 wels gamoica. wigni mTlad 150 gverdia. axlavs mix. alaviZis winasityvaoba, saidanac vgebulobT, rom `leCxumuri mdidari da mravalferovani xalxuri Semoqmedeba dRemdis TiTqmis ucnobi iyo~. iSviaTad ibeWdeboda leCxumuri fol-kloruli masalebi qarTul presaSi. aravis uwarmoebia leCxu-mis istoriis, eTnografiisa da metyvelebis safuZvliani Se-swavla. sxva sakiTxebTan erTad am naSromSi avtorma Seitana leCxumuri dialeqturi masalac. man Seadgina leqsikoni da am wigns daurTo 141-150 gverdebze. am leqsikonSi ara marto ze-pirgadmocemebSi gamoyenebuli yvela sityvaa warmodgenili, aramed _ ucnobi geografiuli saxelebic. aqvea dabeWdili zogierTi cnoba, romlebic istoriuli adgilebisa da Zegle-bis (sofeli, mTa, cixe, taZari) Sesaxeb moipoveba gamoCenil qarTvel mecnierTa SromebSi. am wignSi 85-132 gverdebze mo-Tavsebulia `eTnografiuli narkvevi~, sadac ucnobi sityvebis ganmarteba teqstSivea moTavsebuli. aseT sityvaTa raodenoba aq rvaass aRemateba.

orive wignma mowoneba daimsaxura. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniS-

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navia is maRali Sefaseba, romelic akad. konstantine gamsaxur-diam misca leCxumur leqsikons. man am leqsikonebSi moTavse-buli araerTi sityva qarTuli saliteraturo enisaTvis saWi-rod da gamosadegad miiCnia.

prof. mixeil alaviZis mier leCxumSi, aseve imereTsa da raWaSi mopovebuli bevri dialeqturi erTeuli Sesulia qar-Tuli enis rvatomian ganmartebiTs leqsikonsa da prof. al. Rlontis `qarTul kilo-TqmaTa sityvis konaSi~. es dialeqtu-ri sityvebi sando pirvelwyaroa da aucilebeli da saWiroa qarTvelur enaTa istoriul _ SedarebiTi SeswavlisaTvis.

m e d e a s a Rl i a n i (Tbilisi)

negaciisaTvis svanur enaSi

uaryofa, rogorc saenaTmecniero literaturidan aris

cnobili, aris gramatikuli Tu semantikuri procesi an kon-struqcia, romelic gamoxatavs gamonaTqvamis (winadadebis, frazis...) Sinaarsis srul an nawilobriv negacias. sxvagvari ganmartebiT ki, es aris bazisuri frazis (mtkicebiTi, kiTxvi-Ti, brZanebiTi) erT-erTi statusi, romelic mdgomareobs fra-zis predikatis uaryofaSi. vinaidan uaryofa mTel enobriv sistemas msWvalavs, amitom igi universalur movlenad miiCneva, Tumca, miuxedavad amisa, enebs Soris mainc mniSvnelovani sxva-oba gvaqvs imis mixedviT, Tu ra saxiT xdeba uaryofis gamoxat-va, anu rogoria maTSi gamoyenebuli uaryofis sistemebi. am mxriv, rasakvirvelia, sxvaoba gvaqvs TviT erTi da imave enis ganviTarebis sxvadasxva safexurebzedac.

winadadebas, romelic Seicavs uaryofiT sityvas an zmnis uaryofiT formas, uaryofiT winadadebas uwodeben. uaryofa ki SeiZleba iyos orgvari:

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1. absolituri, sruli uaryofa, rodesac uaryofilia mTeli winadadeba (mag.: demeg, mi amiS mamagæeS mimвera! (bq.) `ara, me amisi araferi gamigia!~...);

2. nawilobrivi (arasruli) uaryofa, rodesac uaryofilia winadadebis mxolod erTi komponenti (mag.: mi demeg masdik amiS liCæem (bq.) `me ar mwyins amisi gakeTeba~, eSxu ficxìl ÌêÌ miwæa (Col.) `erTi namceci ar minaxavs~ da a. S.).

qarTulSi, ramdenadac cnobilia, uaryofiT winadadebas sami nawilaki gamoxatavs: 1. kategoriuli da mkafiod gamoxa-tuli uaryofis nawilaki ar, 2. SesaZleblobis farglebiT Se-zRuduli ver da 3. akrZalviTi brZanebiTis specialuri uar-yofiTi nawilaki nu (a. SaniZe). cxadia, mkvlevarTa mier gamo-wvlilviTaa Seswavlili am nawilakebis ganawileba zmnis sxva-dasxva droisa da kilos formebTan (z. WumburiZe, b. jorbena-Ze, m. miqelaZe...). amasTanave, dadgenilia isic, rom mTis iberi-ul-kavkasiur enebSi, garda wova-TuSurisa, mxolod odennawi-lakebiani uaryofa gvaqvs, rac aRniSnuli sistemis siZveleze miuTiTebs (d. imnaiSvili). rac Seexeba svanurs, igi sakmaod mdidaria uaryofiTi nawilakebiT da, agreTve, maTgan nawarmo-ebi uaryofiTi nacvalsaxelebiT, zmnisarTebiTa da kavSirebiT, romelTa gavrcelebis are da mniSvneloba, cxadia, sxvadasxvag-varia svanur dialeqt-kilokavTa mixedviT.

qarTul ar, ver da nu uaryofiT nawilakebs svanurSi upirispirdeba uaryofiT nawilakTa mravalricxovani variante-bi (mag.: mê (lSx.), mama (bq.), mam(a) (lnt.), mêm(a) (bz., lSx., Col.), mad{e} (bq.), mðd(e) (lnt.), mêd{e} (bz., lSx., Col.), mad-ma (zs.), mðdm{a} (lnt.), mí (lSx.), mím(a) (bz., lSx., Col.), mo-de (bq.), míd(e) (bz., lSx., Col.), modma (bq.), mídma (Col.), dem (bq., lnt.), dema (lnt.), deme (bq.), demeg (bq.), desa|ca (lnt.), dës{a} (bz., qs.), dëm{a} (bz., lSx.), dëmam (bz., lSx.), demis (bq.), dëmis (bz.), bai/baО (lxm.) `ar, ara~...; mðdS→mðC|maC (lnt.), mðdC|mðTS (lnt.), mðОC|mðiC (lnt.), mðCS (lnt.), deS

(zs., qs.), deSsa (lSx.), deSma (lSx.), deSmam (lSx.), doS (bz., qs.) `ver~...; no (zs., lnt.), nosa (lnt.), nís(a) (bz., lSx.),

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nom{a} (bq., lnt.), ním{a} (bz., lSx.)/num(a) (bz., lnt.)/ném (lnt.)/ném(a) (zs.), nomma (zs.), nomis (lnt.), nímis (lSx.), no-meg (bq.), nos{a} (bz.), ne (bq.), nem (lxm.), nemeg (bq., lxm.) `nu~...), romelTa simravles, ZiriTadad, dialeqturi nairsaxe-obebi ganapirobebs. aRniSnuli nawilakebi ki, rogorc wesi, ga-rkveuli kanonzomierebiT aris ganawilebuli da swored maTi saSualebiT gadmoicema svanurSic winadadebis ukuTqmiToba.

gasuli saukunis 40-50 wlebSi iyo cda svanurSi arsebul uaryofiT nawilakTa, nacvalsaxelTa, zmnisarTTa da kavSirTa rogorc aRnusxvisa, ise maTi mniSvnelobis dadgenisa da, Se-Zlebisdagvarad, uaryofiT nawilakTa xmarebis wesebisa da Se-dgenilobis garkvevisa (T. SaraZeniZe), Tumca aRniSnuli saki-Txi gamowvlilviT dRemde aravis Seuswavlia.

amjerad Cveni naSromis ZiriTadi mizania negaciis katego-riis zogadi mimoxilva svanuris yvela dialeqtis (maT Soris Coluruli metyvelebisa da laxamuluri kilokavis) monacemTa gaTvaliswinebiT.

m e d e a s a Rl i a n i , n at o S a v r e S i a n i , l el a g i gl e m i a n i (Tbilisi) ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÉ ÆÌÍÉÆÄÃÄÁÉÓ ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÖËÉ ÌÏÃÄËÄÁÉ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ

ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ÂÀÍÓÀÆÙÅÒÄÁÉÈ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖË ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÛÉ ÃÀÌÏ-ÊÉÃÄÁÖËÉÓ ÌÈÀÅÀÒÈÀÍ ÛÄÓÀÄÒÈÄÁËÀà ÂÀÌÏÚÄÍÄÁÖËÉ ÌÀØÅÄÌÃÄÁÀÒÄ-ÁÄËÉ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉÓ ×ÖÍØÝÉÉÓ ÌØÏÍÄ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÄÁÉ (ÌÀÂ.: áÄÃÉ|áÄÃì|áÄÃæðÎ|áÄÃæð|áÄÃæóÎ|áÄÃæêÎ|áÄÃæðÎÉ|áÄÃÓì `ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ", ÄÒæð|ÄÒæðÎ|ÎÄÒæóÎ|ÎÄÒæêÎ|ÄÒæÀ|ÎÀÒì `ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ, ÅÉÍÝ", ÎÄÛæóÎ|ÄÓæðÎÛ `ÅÉÓÉÝ", ÄÓæÀ `ÒÏÌÄËÓÀÝ, ÅÉÓÀÝ", Ìð|ÌêÎ

`ÒÀÝ", ÌðÆÖÌì|ÌÀÆÖÌæóÎ|ÌêÆÖÌæêÎ|ÌÀÎÆÖÌì|ÌÀÆÖÌì|ÌðÆÖ `ÒÀÌÃÄÍ-ÉÝ, ÒÀÌáÄËÀÝ", æÏÛêÎ|æÏÛæêÎ|æÏÛÀ|ÏÛÀ `ÒÀÌÃÄÍÉÝ", ÌÀáæÀÎÅêÎ|-

48

ÌÀáæÀì `ÒÀÌÃÄÍÉÝ", ÌÀÊÀì|ÌÀÊðì|ÌÀÊðÉÁì|ÌÀÊðæêÎ|ÌðÊðËÉÁ| ÉÌÊðËÉÁ| ÉÌÊðËÉ|ÉÌÊÀì|ÉÌÊðì|ÉÌÊÀÉæóÎ|ÉÌÊðÉÁì `ÒÏÂÏÒÉÝ", ÌðÂæðÎæðÎ `ÒÏÂÏÒÉÝ", ÉÌæðÑÉ|ÉÌæðÎÑÉ `ÒÏÂÏÒÝ"...) ÃÀ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÉ ÆÌÍÉÆÄ-ÃÄÁÉ (ÉÌëÎ|ÉÌðÎÜÖ|ÉÌÄÜÖ `ÓÀÃÀÝ", ÉÌáÄÍ|ÉÌáÄÍì|ÉÌáÄÍæêÎ|ÉÌáÄÍØêÎ `ÓÀÉÃÀÍÀÝ", ÉÌðÎáÏ `ÓÀÉÈÊÄÍÀÝ", ÛÏÌÀ|ÛÏÌêÎ|ÛÏÌæêÎ| ÛÏÌÀæêÎ|

ÛÏÌÀÓ|ÛÏÌÀÓì `ÒÏÝÀ") ÛÄÃÂÄÍÉËÏÁÉÓ ÌÉáÄÃÅÉÈ ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ ÉÚÏÓ ÌÀÒÔÉÅÉ ÀÍ ÒÈÖËÉ.

ÌÀÒÔÉÅÉÀ: áÄÃÉ, Ìð|ÌðÎ|ÌêÎ, ÛÏÌÀ|ÛÏÌÀÓ, æÏÛÀ|ÏÛÀ, ÃÀÍÀÒÜÄÍÉ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÄÁÉ ÃÀ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÉ ÆÌÍÉÆÄÃÄÁÉ (ÓáÅÀ-ÃÀÓáÅÀ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÖÈÀÍÃÄÁÖËÏ ÃÀ ÈÀÍÃÄÁÖËÉÀÍÉ ×ÏÒÌÉÈ) ÊÉ ÒÈÖ-ËÉ ÛÄÃÂÄÍÉËÏÁÉÓÀÀ, ÒÏÌÄËÈÀ ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÖËÉ ÌÏÃÄËÄÁÉ ÛÄÌÃÄÂÉ ÓÀáÉÈ ßÀÒÌÏÂÅÉÃÂÄÁÀ:

áÄÃ+ì `ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ" ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ áÄÃÉ + ÂÀÞËÉÄ-ÒÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ ì (← É + É)

áÄÃÉ+Ã+ì `ÒÏÌÄËÌÀÝ" ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ áÄÃÉ + ÌÏÈáÒÏÁÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÍÉÛÀÍÉ -à + ÂÀÞËÉÄÒÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ ì (← É + É)

áÄÃÉ+Í+ëÌ+ì `ÒÏÌÄËÌÀÝ" ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ áÄÃÉ + ÌÉÝÄÌÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÖÞÅÄËÄÓÉ ÍÉÛÀÍÉ -Í + ÌÏÈáÒÏÁÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÍÉÛÀÍÉ -ëÌ (← À + ÄÌ) + ÂÀÞËÉÄÒÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ ì (← É + É)

áÄÃ+Ó+ì `ÒÏÌÄËÓÀÝ" ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ áÄÃÉ + ÌÉÝÄÌÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÍÉÛÀÍÉ -Ó + ÂÀÞËÉÄÒÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ ì (← É + É)

áÄÃ+æóÎ+à `ÒÏÌÄËÌÀÝ" ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ áÄÃÉ + ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÏÁÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ -æóÎ + ÌÏÈáÒÏÁÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÍÉÛÀÍÉ -Ã

áÄÃ+æóÎ+Í+ëÌ `ÒÏÌÄËÌÀÝ" ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ áÄÃÉ + ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÏÁÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ -æóÎ + ÌÉÝÄÌÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÖÞÅÄËÄÓÉ ÍÉÛÀÍÉ -Í + ÌÏÈáÒÏÁÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÍÉÛÀÍÉ -ëÌ (← À + ÄÌ)

áÄÃ+æóÎ+Ã+ì `ÒÏÌÄËÌÀÝ" ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ áÄÃÉ + ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÏÁÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ -æóÎ + ÌÏÈáÒÏÁÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÍÉÛÀÍÉ -à + ÂÀÞËÉÄÒÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ ì (← É + É), ÌÏÓÀËÏÃÍÄËÉ ÉÚÏ *áÄÃÉÃæóÎÉ

áÄÃ+æóÎ+ÓÂÀ `ÒÏÌÄËÛÉÝ" ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ áÄÃÉ + ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÏÁÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ -æóÎ + ÈÀÍÃÄÁÖË-ßÉÍÃÄÁÖËÉ -ÓÂÀ

49

áÄÃ+æêÎ+Ã+ì+ÌÀ `ÒÏÌÄËÌÀÝ" ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ áÄÃÉ + ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÏÁÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ -æêÎ + ÌÏÈáÒÏÁÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÍÉÛÀÍÉ -à + ÂÀÞËÉÄÒÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ ì (← É + É) + ÂÀÍÓÀÆÙÅÒÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ ÌÀÂ, ÌÏÓÀËÏÃÍÄËÉ ÉÚÏ *áÄÃÉ-Ã-æêÎ-É-ÌÀ ÀÍ *áÄÃÉ-Ã-É-æêÎ-ÌÀÂ

áÄÃ+æêÎ+ÛÃ+ì+ÌÀ `ÒÏÌËÉÓÈÅÉÓÀÝ" ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀË-ÓÀáÄËÉ áÄÃÉ + ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÏÁÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ -æêÎ + ÌÏØÌÄÃÄÁÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÍÉÛÀÍÉ -Ûà + ÂÀÞËÉÄÒÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ ì (← É + É) + ÂÀÍÓÀÆÙÅÒÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ ÌÀÂ, ÌÏÓÀËÏÃÍÄËÉ ÉÚÏ *áÄÃÉ-ÛÃ-æêÎ-É-ÌÀ ÀÍ *áÄÃÉ-ÛÃ-É-æêÎ-ÌÀÂ

áÄÃ+æðÎ+ÈÄ `ÒÏÌËÉÓÊÄÍÀÝ" ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ áÄÃÉ + ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÏÁÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ -æóÎ + ÌÉÌÀÒÈÖËÄÁÉÓ ÀÙÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÉ ÈÀÍÃÄÁÖËÉ -ÈÄ

áÄÃÉ+ÀÒ+Ó+æóÎ `ÒÏÌËÄÁÓÀÝ" ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ áÄÃÉ

+ ÌÒÀÅËÏÁÉÈÉ ÒÉÝáÅÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÓÖ×ÉØÓÉ -ðÒ + ÌÉÝÄÌÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÍÉÛÀÍÉ -Ó + ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÏÁÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ -æóÎ

áÄÃÎ+ÀÒ+Ã+æóÎ `ÒÏÌËÄÁÌÀÝ" ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ áÄÃÉ

+ ÌÒÀÅËÏÁÉÈÉ ÒÉÝáÅÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÓÖ×ÉØÓÉ -ÀÒ + ÌÏÈáÒÏÁÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÍÉÛÀÍÉ -à + ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÏÁÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ -æóÎ

áÄÃ+ÏË+Ö `ÒÏÌËÄÁÉÝ" ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ áÄÃÉ + ÌÒÀÅËÏÁÉÈÉ ÒÉÝáÅÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÓÖ×ÉØÓÉ -ÏË + ÌÒÀÅËÏÁÉÈÉ ÒÉÝáÅÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÓÖ×ÉØÓÉ -Ö

áÄÃ+ÏË+Ö+Ó `ÒÏÌËÄÁÓÀÝ" ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ áÄÃÉ + ÌÒÀÅËÏÁÉÈÉ ÒÉÝáÅÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÓÖ×ÉØÓÉ -ÏË + ÌÒÀÅËÏÁÉÈÉ ÒÉÝáÅÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÓÖ×ÉØÓÉ -Ö + ÌÉÝÄÌÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÍÉÛÀÍÉ -Ó

áÄÃ+ÏË+Ö+áÄÍ+ØÀ `ÒÏÌËÄÁÉÃÀÍÀÝ" ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ áÄÃÉ + ÌÒÀÅËÏÁÉÈÉ ÒÉÝáÅÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÓÖ×ÉØÓÉ -ÏË + ÌÒÀÅËÏÁÉÈÉ ÒÉÝáÅÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÓÖ×ÉØÓÉ -Ö + ÈÀÍÃÄÁÖËÉ -áðÍ + ÈÀÍÃÄÁÖË-ßÉÍÃÄÁÖËÉ ØÀ...

ÎÄÒ+æóÎ/æðÎ/æêÎ `ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ" ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ ÎðÒ + ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÏÁÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ -æóÎ/æêÎ

ÎÀÒ+ì+ÌÀ `ÅÉÍÝ" ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ ÎÀÒ + ÂÀÞËÉÄ-ÒÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ ì (← É + É) + ÂÀÍÓÀÆÙÅÒÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ ÌÀÂ

ÎÄÒ+æðÎ|ÎÄÒ+æóÎ ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ ÎðÒ + ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄ-

50

ÁÉÈÏÁÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ -æðÎ|-æóÎ

ÄÒ+æÀ+à `ÅÉÍÝ" ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ ÎðÒ + ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉ-ÈÏÁÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ -æÀ (← -æóÎ|-æðÎ) + ÌÏÈáÒÏÁÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÍÉÛÀÍÉ -Ã

ÄÒ+æóÎ+Ã|ÄÒ+æðÎ+à `ÅÉÍÝ" ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ ÎðÒ + ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÏÁÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ -æóÎ|-æðÎ + ÂÀÞËÉÄÒÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ ì (← É + É) + ÌÏÈáÒÏÁÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÍÉÛÀÍÉ -Ã...

ÎÄÛ+æóÎ `ÅÉÓÀÝ" ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉÓ ÎðÒ'ÉÓ ÌÉÝ. ÁÒ. ×ÏÒÌÀ + ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÏÁÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ -æóÎ

ÄÛ+æóÎ+Û `ÅÉÓÉÝ" ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉÓ ÎðÒ'ÉÓ ÍÀÈÄÓÀÏÁÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ×ÏÒÌÀ + ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÏÁÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ -æðÎ + ÍÀÈÄÓÀÏÁÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÍÉÛÀÍÉ -Û (← -ÉÛ)...

ÄÓ+æðÎ+Ó `ÅÉÓÀÝ" ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉÓ ÎðÒ'ÉÓ ÍÀÈÄÓÀÏ-ÁÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ×ÏÒÌÀ + ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÏÁÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ -æðÎ + ÌÉÝÄÌÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÍÉÛÀÍÉ -Ó

ÄÓ+æðÎ+Û+áÄÍ+ØÀ `ÅÉÓÂÀÍÀÝ" ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉÓ ÎðÒ'ÉÓ ÍÀÈ. ÁÒ. ×ÏÒÌÀ + ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉÓ ÎðÒ'ÉÓ ÌÉÝ. ÁÒ. ×ÏÒÌÀ + ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÏÁÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ -æðÎ + ÍÀÈÄÓÀÏÁÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÍÉÛÀÍÉ -Û (← -ÉÛ) + ÈÀÍÃÄÁÖËÉ -áÄÍ + ÈÀÍÃÄÁÖË-ßÉÍÃÄÁÖËÉ ØÀ...

Ìð+ÆÖ `ÒÀÌÃÄÍÉÝ, ÒÀÌáÄËÀÝ" ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ Ìð + ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÄËÄÌÄÍÔÉ ÆÖ (← ØÀÒÈ. ÆÏÌÀ)

ÌÀÎ+ÆÖÌ+ì|Ìð+ÆÖÌ+ì|ÌÀ+ÆÖÌ+ì `ÒÀÌÃÄÍÉÝ, ÒÀÌáÄËÀÝ" ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ ÌÀÎ|Ìð|ÌÀ + ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÄËÄÌÄÍÔÉ ÆÖÌ

(← ØÀÒÈ. ÆÏÌÀ) + ÂÀÞËÉÄÒÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ ì (← É + É) ÌÀ+ÆÖÌ+æóÎ|ÌÀ+ÆÖÌ+æðÎ|Ìê+ÆÖÌ+æêÎ `ÒÀÌÃÄÍÉÝ, ÒÀÌáÄËÀÝ"

← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ ÌÀ|Ìê + ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÄËÄÌÄÍÔÉ ÆÖÌ (← ØÀÒÈ. ÆÏÌÀ) + ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÏÁÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ -æóÎ|æêÎ

ÌðÎ+ÆÖÌ+Ó+ì `ÒÀÌÃÄÍÓÀÝ" ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ ÌðÎ + ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÄËÄÌÄÍÔÉ ÆÖÌ (← ØÀÒÈ. ÆÏÌÀ) + ÌÉÝÄÌÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÍÉÛÀÍÉ -Ó + ÂÀÞËÉÄÒÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ ì (← É + É)

ÌðÎ+ÆÖÌ+Ó+æðÎ `ÒÀÌÃÄÍÓÀÝ" ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ ÌðÎ + ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÄËÄÌÄÍÔÉ ÆÖÌ (← ØÀÒÈ. ÆÏÌÀ) + ÌÉÝÄÌÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÍÉÛÀÍÉ -Ó + ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÏÁÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ -æðÎ...

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æÏÛêÎ `ÒÀÌÃÄÍÉÝ" ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ æÏÛÀ + ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄ-ÁÉÈÏÁÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ -êÎ (← æêÎ)

æÏÛÀ+Ó+ì `ÒÀÌÃÄÍÓÀÝ" ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ æÏÛÀ + ÌÉÝÄÌÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÍÉÛÀÍÉ -Ó + ÂÀÞËÉÄÒÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ ì (← É + É)

æÏÛ+æêÎ `ÒÀÌÃÄÍÉÝ" ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ æÏÛÀ + ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÏÁÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ -æêÎ

æÏÛ+æðÎ+à `ÒÀÌÃÄÍÉÝ" ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ æÏÛÀ + ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÏÁÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ -æðÎ + ÌÏÈáÒÏÁÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÍÉÛÀÍÉ -Ã...

Ìð+ÊðËÉÁ ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ Ìð + ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÄËÄÌÄÍÔÉ ÊðËÉÁ (← ØÀÒÈ. ÚÀËÉÁ-É)

ÌÀ+Êð+æêÎ ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ ÌÀ + ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÄËÄÌÄÍÔÉ Êð (← ÊðËÉÁ ← ØÀÒÈ. ÚÀËÉÁ-É) + ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÏÁÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ -æêÎ...

ÉÌ+ÊðËÉÁ ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉÓ Ìð'Ó ÌÉÝ. ÁÒ. ×ÏÒÌÀ + ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÄËÄÌÄÍÔÉ ÊðËÉÁ (←ØÀÒÈ. ÚÀËÉÁ-É)

ÉÌ+ÊÀÉ+æóÎ ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉÓ Ìð'Ó ÌÉÝ. ÁÒ. ×ÏÒÌÀ + ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÄËÄÌÄÍÔÉ ÊÀÉ (← ÊðËÉÁ ←ØÀÒÈ. ÚÀËÉÁ-É) + ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÏÁÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ -æóÎ...

ÌÀ+ÂæðÒ ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ ÌÀ + ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÄËÄÌÄÍÔÉ ÂæðÒ (← ØÀÒÈ. ÂÅÀÒ-É)

Ìð+ÂæðÎ+æðÎ ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ Ìð + ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÄËÄÌÄÍÔÉ ÂæðÒ (← ØÀÒÈ. ÂÅÀÒ-É) + ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÏÁÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ -æðÎ...

ÉÌ+ëÎ ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÉ ÉÌÄ (←ÉÌÄÂ) + ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ Î (← É) É ÉÌ+ðÎ+ÜÖ ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÉ ÉÌ (←ÉÌÄÂ) + ÌÉÌÀÒ-

ÈÄÁÉÈÏÁÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ -æðÎ + ÈÀÍÃÄÁÖËÉ -ÜÖ

ÉÌ+ðÎ+áÏ ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÉ ÉÌ (←ÉÌÄÂ) + ÌÉÌÀÒ-ÈÄÁÉÈÏÁÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ -æðÎ + ÈÀÍÃÄÁÖËÉ -áÏ...

ÛÏÌÀÓ+ì ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÉ ÛÏÌÀ + ÌÉÝÄÌÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÍÉÛÀÍÉ -Ó + ÂÀÞËÉÄÒÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ ì (← É + É)

ÛÏÌ+êÎ|ÛÏÌ+ðÎ ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÉ ÛÏÌÀ + ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ -êÎ|-ðÎ (← æêÎ)

ÛÏÌ+æêÎ ← ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÉ ÛÏÌÀ + ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÏÁÉÓ

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ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ -æêÎ ÃÀ À. Û. ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÀÛÉ ÓÒÖËÀà ÉØÍÄÁÀ ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÉËÉ ÆÄÌÏÃÀÓÀáÄËÄÁÖË

ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÈÀ ÃÀ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈ ÆÌÍÉÆÄÃÀÈÀ ÚÅÄËÀ ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÖËÉ ÌÏÃÄËÉ.

n aT el a f art e n a Z e (Tbilisi) qvemdebarisa da Semasmenlis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis saki-Txi samxrul metyvelebaSi

samxrul metyvelebaSi qvemdebarisa da Semasmenlis ricxvSi SeTanxmebisas ar aris mtkice wesi daculi. SeimCneva mravalfe-rovneba. kerZod:

1. zmna _ Semasmeneli mravlobiTSi gvxvdeba: ა) mxolobiTSi mdgar sulieri sagnis aRmniSvnel qvem-

debaresTan: me siZe myavan; mec myavda biWi, yurbneTSi arian; neneÁ mo-

mikden, baboÁ dimiqorwilden; neneÁ mec momikten; analuRi

momikden; Cven maradideli rZali myavan; erTi Zroxa myavs, er-Ti, isic meyofian; buzi afrindebian; kacma dagaweries Tu qalma?; Turqma parva ician; maWaxleli xoja myavan; baboÁ ar myavan me, iman dagaweries; imas duuZaxnian Tqveni Tavi; musa-firi gimixardebian, miamebian; baboÁ xeirsuzi myavden...

b) mxolobiTSi mdgar usulo sagnis aRmniSvnel qvemde-baresTanac:

kafe maqvanan, iq vsaqmob; Txili momivden; maviwydebian qarTuli; traqtori myavan; manqana yavan mas...

g) mravlobiTSi mdgar usulo sagnis aRmniSvnel qvemde-baresTan:

saxlebi aq arian; saxlebi gaqvan Tqven?; aqa wylebi maq-van; aqa TuTebi arian...

d) roca qvemdebared gvxvdeba krebiTi arsebiTi saxeli, an masTan msazRvrelad gamoyenebuli gaurkveveli raodeno-bis aRmniSvneli saxeli - `bevri~:

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xalxi gavlen iq; aq did xalxs ucocxlian; xalxi WalaSi arian; xalxi racxas deijereben; xalxi cxovrobden... `Tur-qeTSi bevri xalxi cxovroben~; `saqoneli bevri iyvnen da ar yofnilobden balaxi~; `bevri xalxi iqnebian~; `bevri xalxi meiyrebian~; `aq bevri qurTi arian~; `aq biTevi qarTveli

arian~... amave tipisaa: `bevri alTuni arian~... e) roca qvemdebared gansazRvrebiTi da ganusazRvrelo-

biTi nacvalsaxelia: zogi rCebian, zogi wadian; angliza Telma (yvelam) ician;

vincxas uyvaran; vinmem ar damawavles; racxa TÂisi emeÁ aqvan; vincxas ki daviwynuli aqvan; vincxam ki iqa ikiTxes; yvelaÁ racxas mReroben; zogi Serigdebian ...

aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom samxrulSi zogiØ mravrobiTis formiTac gvxvdeba: zogebma naxes; zogebi amboben, zogebis sa-qme kaia...

v) roca qvemdebares (rogorc mxolobiTSi, ise mravlo-biTSi mdgars) gansazRvrebad axlavs erTze meti an ganusa-zRvreli raodenobis gamomxatveli ricxviTi saxeli:

sami biWia, samives manqana yavan; biWi ori arian; Svidi _

rva kaci iyven; ori gogo istambul arian; erTi qali myav-

den... futkari Cven bevri myavden; bevri qalebi mosuli arian

samsunidan; aq bevri molebi arian; bevri xalxi meiyrebian; miwa bevri maqvanan; aq bevri qurTi arian; askerSi bevri er-menebi arian; ori _ sami genji biWebi iyven, ori qali axlda da ilaparikes; aTi Zmebi varT...

z) orcnebiani kompozitiT gadmocemul qvemdebaresTan: `wadian rZal-Svili~; `baxlebi gaTxovli arian, martoer-

Ti ber-dedaberi varT~; `dedamTil-mamaTil ar yavs, memik-den~.

2. SedarebiT naklebia mravlobiTSi mdgar sulieri sagnis aRmniSvnel qvemdebaresTan mxolobiTis formiT Sewyobili Se-masmeneli: kacebi movida; `aqa iqneba Txiebi, qiebi eqneba, ise-nic eqneba~; `saxSi ar devlaparikebT, aqevri kacebi ar gei-tans~; xan isini gamidis, gavdivarT...

54

3. sainteresoa iseTi formebi, sadac mxolobiTSi mdgar qvemdebaresTan Semasmeneli mravlobiTSia, magram gamoxatulia ara qvemdebaris mravlobiToba, aramed damatebisa, oRond su-bieqturi piris niSnebiT:

is raSi dagWirian Tqven; Savi TuTa ar maqvan Cven; RmerT-ma gzebi gegisxnan; is meyofian Cven; Cven axla samargeli maq-

vanan...

m a m i a f aR a v a (baTumi) eqspedicia klarjel muhajirTa STamomavlebTan da klarjeTSi (winaswari moxseneba)

mimdinare 2013 wlis zafxulSi baTumis SoTa rusTavelis

saxelmwifo universitetis qarTvelologiis institutis mud-mivmoqmedma kompleqsurma eqspediciam imuSava klarjel muha-jirTa STamomavlebTan (6-25 ivlisi) TurqeTis respublikis ramdenime ilSi (saqaria, kojaeli, stambuli...) da istoriul klarjeTSi (3-12 agvisto), _ Woroxis qvemo welSi (borCxisa da murRulis raionebSi). eqspediciis SemadgenlobaSi Sediod-nen:

I. mamia faRava (xelmZRvaneli), Tamar CoxaraZe (magistran-ti), maia baramiZe (dialeqtologia);

II. Tina SioSvili, giorgi maxaraSvili, memed ali qeskini (doqtoranti), niaz zosiZe (folklori);

III. nugzar mgelaZe, zaza SaSikaZe (TanaxelmZRvaneli), mal-xaz CoxaraZe, ruslan baramiZe (eTnologia);

nika tuRuSi (operatori), tariel diasamiZe (mZRoli). vrceli iyo eqspediciis geografia: qojaelis ilis golji-

qis raionis soflebi: hamidie (borCxa), aivaz finari (Zv. Ca-Tal taSi), sireTie (murRuli), maamurie (Zv. Curuq baÁeri),

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ijaadie (Zv. ali mezari), irSadie (Zv. beÁliqi), nusreTie (Zv. doSeme), luTfie (Zv. begoRli), sofulari (mamaneTi//mamana-Ti), nimeTie (cocxoba)//cocxobani), Áeni ferhadie, eski fer-hadie...

izmiTis (qojaelis) raioni: bilabili, nusreTie (Zv. Ta-Tar qoÁ), Sirin sulie, Cubuqlu bala, havuzlu baxCe... azi-zie (axla q. karasus ubani, Zv. hamidie), demiraCma, kozluRi,

qoiÁeri. bursis ilis (gubernia) izniqis raionis aWaruli soflebi:

qirq xarmani, sari su, haji osmani, qirimTi, elmali... (xeobas aWaras eZaxian).

izniqi (Zv. nikea)... Áalovas ilCes soflebi: Cenarji, TeSviqie, esenqoÁ, Ter-

mali... armuTis r-ni: hairie, mejidie, selimie. gemliqis r-ni: haidarie, hamzali... saqarias (adafazari) ili, xendekis r-ni: qoSqi, iq baalie

(avana), esenTefe (trapeni), biCxiaziqi (qarTla), SevqeTie (qa-meleTi), iqraamie (xatila _ zemo da qvemo), hamiTli...

geÁves r-ni, sof. nurosmanie. safanjas r-ni, sof. erdemli (Zv. ulvie). safanjas raionSi

sxva qarTuli soflebia: muradie, mahmudie, goldibi, kadi-

fenari, axCai, kirqfenari, Áaneqi... qarTvelebi cxovroben sa-fanjeSic, raionul centrSic.

yarafurCeki (daba), mejidie, ahmedie, quCujeqi (aqÁazis r-ni), qanliCaÁ (umetesad aWarlebi cxovroben), Serefie (iu-sufelidan (tao) gadmosaxlebulebi cxovroben), riSaadie (am sofelSi xatilelebi (arTvinis maxlobeli xeoba) saxloben. aq qarTulad gaWirvebiT, magram mainc laparakoben, maSin roca xatilelebma mTlianad daiviwyes mSobliuri ena)...

istorul klarjeTSi eqspediciam imuSava qlaskurSi, xeba-

Si, maradidSi, devsqelis, murRulisa da xatilas xeobebSi. yvela dasaxelebul sofelSi, bunebrivia, erTnairad ar

SeunaxavT winaparTa ena da tradiciebi (zogierT sofelSi su-

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lac dauviwyiaT qarTuli, axsovT mxolod, rom maTi winaprebi baTumidan mosulan). qarTulad laparakobs umetesad ufrosi da saSualo Taoba, axalgazrdoba _ iSviaTad.

mopovebuli masalebi sayuradReboa: 1. samxruli kiloebis, samxruli folkloris, eTnologiis,

zogadad samxruli yofisa da kulturis Sesaswavlad; 2. muhajirTa STamomavlebis kompaqturi dasaxlebebi Tur-

qeTis regionebSi da Segrovebuli dialeqtologiuri masalebi cxadyofs: a. muhajirTa STamomavlebis metyveleba araa erTiani da sainteresoa igi konkretuli dialeqtis Sesaswavlad; b. mu-hajir klarjTa STamomavlebis metyvelebaSi xelSesaxebia sxvao-ba murRulisa da devsqelis xeobebisa (vuwodoT _ zemoklar-juli) da borCxis (vuwodoT _ qvemo klarjuli) metyvelebas Soris. yvelaze xelSesaxebia sxvaoba saxelisa da zmnis sintaq-sur urTierTobaSi;

3. klarjeTidan gadasaxlebul muhajirebs axal samSobloSi sakarmidamo mouwyviaT mSobliuris msgavsad, SeunaxavT mama-pa-paTa adaTebi da tradiciebi, adgilebze uwodebiaT qarTuli saxelebi: borCxa, aWara, mamaneTi//mamanaTi...

4. klarjel muhajirTa STamomavlebma ar ician Zveli qar-Tuli gvar-saxelebi, maSin roca aWarlebma da maWaxlelebma umetesad ician. qarTuli gvaris nacvlad klarji asaxelebs laRabs/layafs (sigels, Zegls, metsaxels) an Camomavlobis sa-xels (sulale), rac gvar-saxeli namdvilad ar aris.

5. muhajirTa soflebSi cxovroben lazebic. adgilobrivebi ganarCeven: `moxti lazi" _ vinc lazuri icis, `ofli" _ ofe-li, vinc lazuri ar icis...

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n a T i a fo n i a v a (Tbilisi) religiuri leqsikisaTvis megrul idiomebSi

moxsenebaSi ganvixilavT religiuri leqsikis Semcvel me-

grul idiomebs. saanalizod aRebulia leqsikonebidan moZiebu-li masala, aseve Cven mier Cawerili frazeologiuri erTeule-bi.

mopovebuli masalis mixedviT, gamovlinda Semdegi RerZu-li (sayrdeni) sityvebis mqone idiomebi:

RoronTi `RmerTi~: RoronTiSa totiS mosumala `miuw-vdomlis miwvdena~ (zedmiw. `RmerTisaTvis xelis Sexeba~) (aR-saniSnavia, rom RoronT- fuZis Semcveli frazeologiuri Se-sityvebebi ganxiluli aqvs c. janjRavas);

eSmaki: eSmakefiSa mikofurtinua `gonze mosvla, Wkuis moxmoba, sikeTisaken Semobruneba, borot ganzraxvaze xelis aReba~ (zedmiw. eSmakebze mifurTxeba~);

angelozi: vadomiSqurinua angelozefi `ar SemaSino, gu-li ar gamixeTqo~ (zedmiw. `angelozebi ar SemiSino~);

jvari: jvar uwers `cudi aSoros, yovelgvari ubedureba ascdes; jvari sweria~ (zedmiw. `jvari uweria~);

xati: xatiSa ginoCama `dawyevla, SeCveneba, Serisxva~ (zed-miw. `xatze gadacema~);

wirua `wirva~: wirua gagTu‡on `daRala, Zala gamoacala~ (zedmiw. `wirva gamouyvana~);

papa `mRvdeli~: boro papaS nanaTa `briyvi, uWkuo~ (zed-miw. `suleli mRvdlis monaTluli~);

Tanafa `aRdgoma~: Tanafaq gomTandˆ `Zlier gaxareba, aR-frTovaneba, Svebis grZnoba (raime SemTxvevis gamo)~ (zedmiw. `aRdgoma gamiTenda~);

ziaroba `ziareba~: ziarobaS wyarcalo moWiSafa `xsna, Svela~ (zedmiw. ziarebis wyaliviT moswreba~);

wminda Suri `wminda suli~: vare wminda SuriSi `araa pa-tiosani, wesieri~ (zedmiw. `araa wminda sulis~);

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wkonda wyari `wminda wyali~: wkonda wyariSi maSumali `namdvili, WeSmariti; uzado, unaklo~ (zedmiw. `wminda wylis damlevi~);

mamao Cveno: mamao Cvenocalo kiTxiri `gazepirebuliviT da Cqar-Cqara wakiTxva raimesi~ (zedmiw. `mamao CvenosaviT ki-Txva~);

monasteri: monasteriSi arieba/ munorTa `areulobisa da uTavbolobis gamefeba, uwesrigoba~ (zedmiw. `monastris areva, gadabruneba~);

WiTa kvercxi `wiTeli kvercxi~: WiTa kvercxi `wiTeli ko-Wi. gansakuTrebuli, gamorCeuli vinme~ (zedmiw. `wiTeli kver-cxi~);

sanTeli: sanTeliT ogorali `Znelad saSovari, iSviaTi ram, vinme~ (zedmiw. `sanTliT saZebari~);

wesiS egafa `wesis ageba~: wesiS egafa `samagieros mizRva, bolos moReba~ (zedmiw. `wesis ageba~);

jojoxeTi: jojoxeTiS maSxala `uSno, usaxuri, gonji qali~ (zedmiw. `jojoxeTis maSxala~);

jandaba: jandabaSa ula `Sors, mousavleTSi, dasaRupavSi wasvla~ (zedmiw. `jandabaSi wasvla~);

Rdini `rjuli, rwmena~: RdiniS gomanua `SurisZieba, sama-galiTod dasja~, (zedmiw. `rjulis, sarwmunoebis gatrusva~);

coda `codva~: codaSi kiTxiri `ubedureba, saSineleba~ (zedmiw. `codvis kiTxva~);

metania: metanias giorTˆ `Zlieri wuxili raRacis gamo, bolTis cema~ (zedmiw. metanias akeTebs~);

elisameTi `ierusalimi~: elisameTiSe jina `umizno cqera, ganze yureba~;

zemoxsenebuli RerZuli sityvebis mqone yvela idioms aq ver warmovadgenT. am etapze statistikuri kvleva ar gviwar-moebia, vinaidan Cven xelT arsebuli masala ar aris sruli, Tumca zogadi dakvirveba gviCvenebs, rom megrul idiomebSi RoronT- `RmerTi~ fuZeze ufro eSmak- `eSmaki~ fuZe gvxvdeba; aseve naTlad ikveTeba bunebrivi tendencia, rom RoronT-s

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ukavSirdeba dadebiTi semantikis gamoxatva, eSmak-s _ uaryo-fiTi.

megrulSi gamovlenili zogierTi idiomi qarTulSi ver davadastureT: xes sanTeliSi aSaWuafa `imedis gacrueba, mo-tyueba, daRalateba~ (zedmiw. `xelSi sanTlis Cawva~).

moZiebuli masalis vrcel analizs moxsenebaSi warmovad-genT. sakiTxis srulyofilad Seswavlis mizniT am mimarTule-biT kvlevis gagrZeleba momavalSic ivaraudeba.

n i n o f x a k a Z e (quTaisi) dialeqtur erTeulTa funqcia forumul diskursSi

sxvadasxvagvari sakomunikacio situacia amJRavnebs enobrivi

koleqtivis msoflxedvis Taviseburebebs, mentalur bunebas, socialur mimarTebebs. axali teqnologiebis ganviTarebam xe-li Seuwyo socialuri urTierTobebis gafarToebas, rac Sesa-bamisad aisaxa enazec. eleqtronulma komunikaciam interaqcias SesZina hibriduli saxe, romelSic weriTi da zepiri metyvele-bis maxasiaTeblebs daemata eleqtronulic. am TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa qarTuli internetforumebis ena.

miuTiTeben, rom forumul metyvelebaze gavlenas axdens rogorc mediumis teqnikuri monacemebi, aseve sakomunikacio situacia, qarTuli enis lingvisturi maxasiaTeblebi da mo-mxmareblis piradi monacemebi.

lingvisturi xerxebi, romlebiTac momxmarebeli azris gamoxatvas cdilobs, mravalricxovania. maT Soris erT-erTi xSirad gamoyenebuli xerxia sametyvelo kodTa monacvleoba.

sametyvelo kodTa mravalferovan mimarTebebs Soris sain-teresoa standartuli enisa da dialeqtebis monacvleoba, rac forumul metyvelebaSi sxvadasxva funqciis mqonea.

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dialeqtur erTeulTa realizebis specifikas gansazRvravs dialogSi CarTul pirTa socialuri statusi, sakomunikacio mizani, sasaubro Tema, personaluri maxasiaTeblebi. interaqci-is ZiriTadi emociuri velia iumori, ironia, kontrastulobis xazgasma, socialur ierarqiaze miniSneba, regionuli maxasia-Teblebis aqcentireba.

statiaSi qarTuli internetforumebis ena ganxilulia standartuli enisa da dialeqtebis monacvleobis WrilSi, warmoCenilia forumul diskursSi dialeqtur erTeulTa gamoyenebis sixSire, pirobebi, funqciebi.

x aT u n a y a n d a S v il i (Tbilisi) meore subieturi da mesame obieqturi piris gamoxatva kaxurSi

qarTuli enis kaxur dialeqtSi zmnaSi meore subieqturi

pirisa da da mesame obieqturi piris niSnebis (h-, s-) variante-bi mravalferovania. rogorc cnobilia, normis mixedviT Tana-medrove qarTulSi meore subieqtur pirs niSani aRar aqvs. mesame pirdapiri obieqturi piris niSani zmnaSi ar aGiniSneba, xolo iribi obieqturi piri ki gamoixateba.

am mxriv kaxurSi saintereso viTareba gvaqvs. masalis damu-Savebis Sedegad gamovlinda, rom zmnaSi pirdapir obieqts me-same pirSi niSani Cveulebriv moudis. es niSnebia :

�: mo�Slis, ga�Slis, ga�wvrTnis. z: z-demda. �h: Se-�h-kravs �-is gverdiT h-s gamoyeneba, vfiqrobT, aZliererebs mniS-

vnelobas. Se�kravs niSnavs, rom Znas Sekravs, anu moqmedebas momavalSi Seasrulebs, xolo Se�hkravs aRniSnavs, rom Znas magrad Sekavs.

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aris iseTi SemTxvevebi, sadac unda iyos mesame pirdapiri obieqtis piris niSani, magram zmnaSi ar vlindeba. aseTi Se-mTxvevebi ZiriTadad garekaxurSi SeiniSneba:

xocams. am zmnis dialeqturi forma aris �xocams (zmnas TavSi un-

da hqondes � pirdapiri obieqturi piris niSnad). iribi obieqturi piris niSnebi Cveulebriv aRiniSneba

zmnaSi. es niSnebia: �: �Weroda. h: hkidiao. z: zdomnia. S: daSWirdeba. sampirian zmnaSi gamoxatulia mesame iribi obieqturi pi-

ris niSani. magaliTad: mohgvara. kaxurSi agreTve dasturdeba mohgvara zmnis paraleluri

formebi: mo�gvara// ma�gvara, mohgvara saliteraturo qarTu-lidan unda iyos Sesuli da damkvidrebuli.

garekaxurSi dasturdeba iseTi SemTxvevbi, sadac mosalod-neli mesame iribi obieqtis niSani _ � zmnaSi ar aris warmodgenili: yvanda.

amgvari zmnebi ZiriTadad garekaxurSi gvxvdeba. es indivi-dualuri Tavisebureba Cans. mTqmeli zemoimereTidanaa Casax-lebuli da SesaZloa es faqti ganapirobebs imas, rom igi ar iyenebs kaxuri dialeqtis formebs. dialeqturi normis mixed-viT unda iyos �Kvanda.

mniSvnelovania erTi faqtic: qarTuli enis kaxur dia-leqtSi zmnaSi gamoiyeneba meore subieqturi piris niSani �.

�: �zixar. �wevxar. aRsaniSnavia, rom dRevandel kaxur dialeqtSi amgvar

zmnebSi s- gvaqvs piris niSnad: swevxar. misdixar. rogorc Cans, xdeba dialeqturi formis `galiterature-

ba~ isev dialeqturi formiT. meore subieqturi piris niSnad

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s morfemis gamoyeneba zmnaSi metwilad axalgzardebis metyve-lebaSi SeiniSneba.

n ato S a v r e S i a n i (Tbilisi) qvemdebaruli damokidebuli winadadebisaTvis svanurSi

ØÅÄÌÃÄÁÀÒÖËÉÀ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖËÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÌÉÄÌÀÒ-

ÈÄÁÀ, áÓÍÉÓ ÃÀ ÀÆÖÓÔÄÁÓ ÌÈÀÅÀÒ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÛÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉÈ ÂÀÌÏáÀÔÖË ÀÍ ÍÀÂÖËÉÓáÌÄÅ ØÅÄÌÃÄÁÀÒÄÓ. ÌÀÂ.:

ÄÒæðÎÓ ÜðÑ Ìðà áÀÚÀ, ÄãÄÌ áÄÊæÄÓ Ñ'ðÍÃÉÀÍÀÓ (ËÍÔ., ÓÅÀÍ. ØÒÄÓÔ., 293,18) `ÅÉÓÀÝ ÝáÄÍÉ ÀÒ äÚÀÅÓ, ÌÀÍ ÖÍÃÀ ÉÈáÏÅÏÓ"

ÉÀÒì áÉÌÍÀÒÉà ÀÈáÄ ÌÉÛÂæÉ ÂÀÒÂËÀÓ, ÄãÉÀÒ ÂÀÒ ÀáÂêÍÃÀà Ñì (ËÛá.) `ÅÉÍÝ ÉÓÌÄÍÈ ÀáËÀ ÜÄÌ ÓÀÖÁÀÒÓ, ÌáÏËÏà ÉÓÉÍÉ ßÀÌÏÃÄØÉÈ"

ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖË äÉÐÏÔÀØÓÖÒ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÄÁÛÉ ÊÏÒÄËÀÔÉ ÈÉÈØÌÉÓ ÚÏÅÄËÈÅÉÓ ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÉËÉÀ, ÌÈÀÅÀÒÛÉ ÌÉÓÀÈÉÈÄÁÄËÉ ÓÉÔÚÅÉÓ ÂÀÌÏÔÏÅÄÁÉÓ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÄÁÉ ÉÛÅÉÀÈÉÀ: ÎÄÒæóÎ ØêÌ êÒÃÀá, ØÏÒÈÄ ÄÓàÏÌÀá (ÜÏË.) `ÅÉÍÝ ÂÀÒÄÈ ÉÚÅÍÄÍ, ÓÀáËÛÉ ÛÄÒÁÏÃÍÄÍ"

ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÝÍÏÁÉËÉÀ, ÓÀáÄËÉÈ ÂÀÌÏáÀÔÖËÉ ßÄÅÒÄÁÉÓ ÀÌáÓÍÄË ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖË ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÄÁÛÉ ÓÀÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÄË ÓÀÛÖÀËÄÁÄÁÀÃ, ÞÉÒÉ-ÈÀÃÀÃ, ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÄÁÉ ÂÀÌÏÉÚÄÍÄÁÀ. ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ØÅÄÌ-ÃÄÁÀÒÖË ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖË ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÛÉ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖËÉÓ ÌÈÀÅÀÒÈÀÍ ÛÄÓÀÄÒÈÄÁËÀà ÂÅáÅÃÄÁÀ ÌÀØÅÄÌÃÄÁÀÒÄÁÄËÉ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉÓ ×ÖÍØÝÉÉÓ ÌØÏÍÄ ÛÄÌÃÄÂÉ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÄÁÉ: ÄÒæð|ÄÒæðÎ|ÎÄÒ-

æóÎ|ÎÄÒæêÎ|ÄÒæÀ|ÎÀÒì `ÅÉÍÝ", ÄÓæÀ|ÎÄÒæóÎÓì `ÅÉÓÀÝ", ÉÀÒÓì `ÅÉÓÀÝ", áÄÃæóÎ|áÄÃæðÎ|áÄÃæð|áÄÃæêÎ|áÄÃì|áÄÃÉ `ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ", Ìð|ÌêÎ|ÌðÎæóÎ `ÒÀÝ"... ÓáÅÀÃÀÓáÅÀ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ×ÏÒÌÉÈ ÃÀ ÄÒÄ|ÄÒ|Ä `ÒÏÌ" ÌÀØÅÄÌÃÄÁÀÒÄÁÄËÉ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉ.

ÓÀÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÄË ÓÉÔÚÅÀÈÀÂÀÍ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉÓ ÀÌ ÓÀáÉÓ äÉÐÏÔÀØÓÖÒ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÛÉ ÂÀÁÀÔÏÍÄÁÖËÉÀ ÄÒæð|ÄÒæðÎ|ÎÀÒì `ÅÉÍÝ" ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄ-ÁÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ -æðÎ, -É `Ý, ÝÀ" ÍÀßÉËÀÊÃÀÒÈÖËÉ

63

ÃÀÓÔÖÒÃÄÁÀ. ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖË ÍÀßÉËÀÊÈÀ ÂÀÌÏÚÄÍÄÁÉÓ ÈÅÀËÓÀÆÒÉÓÉÈ, ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉÓ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÛÉ ÀÒÀÄÒÈÂÅÀÒÏÅÀÍÉ ÓÖÒÀÈÉ ÂÅÀØÅÓ. ËÀÛáÖÒÉ ÃÀ ÜÏËÖÒÖËÉ -É ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉÀÍ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÄÁÓ ÀÍÉàÄÁÄÍ ÖÐÉÒÀÔÄÓÏÁÀÓ, ÃÀÍÀÒÜÄÍÉ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÉÓÀÂÀÍ ÂÀÍÓáÅÀÅÄÁÉÈ, ÓÀÃÀÝ -æðÎ|-æð ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ ÃÏÌÉÍÉÒÄÁÓ:

ÄãÉ ÃëÌ ÉÂÍÉ ÈÀÌÀÃÀÃ, ÎÀÒ-ì ÀÒÀÚÓ ÃÄÛÓÀ ÉÈÒÄ (ËÛá.) `ÉÓ ÀÒ ÃÂÄÁÀ ÈÀÌÀÃÀÃ, ÅÉÍÝ ÀÒÀÚÓ ÅÄÒ ÓÅÀÌÓ"

ÌÀáÄ ÀÌÓæÀËÃÉ ÃÀÂÒÀÓ ÉÀÒ-ì ØÀ ÉÊæÎÄÍÉ, ÌÄæÀÒ áÀÌàÉÒ ÄãÉÓ ËÉÁÑìÍêË (ÜÏË.) `ÀáÀËÂÀÆÒÃÀ ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÉÓ ÓÉÊÅÃÉËÓ ÅÉÍÝ ÂÄÁÖËÏÁÓ, ÞÀËÉÀÍ ÄÆÀÒÄÁÀ ÌÀÓ ÀÌÉÓ ÂÀÌáÄËÀ (`ÂÀÝáÀÃÄÁÀ")"

ÌðÍÊÖ áÏÛÀ ÄÒ-æÀ ÉÒÉ ØÏÒÉÓÂÀ ÙæÀÑÌÀÒÄ, ÄãÉ áÏÑÄÙæ ÓÂæÄÁÉÍ (ÁØ., ÓÅÀÍ. ÐÒÏÆ. ÔÄØÓÔ., 77,37) `Ö×ÒÏÓÉ ÅÉÍÝ ÉØÍÄÁÀ ÓÀáËÛÉ ÊÀÝÉ, ÉÓ ÌÉÖÞÙÅÄÁÀ ßÉÍ"

ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÀÛÉ ÂÀÍáÉËÖËÉ ÉØÍÄÁÀ ÆÄÌÏÈ ÜÀÌÏÈÅËÉËÉ ÓÀÊÀÅÛÉ-ÒÄÁÄËÉ ÓÀÛÖÀËÄÁÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÌÉÓÀÈÉÈÄÁÄËÉ ÓÉÔÚÅÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÌÏÚÄÍÄÁÉÓ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÄÁÉ, ÀÓÄÅÄ ØÅÄÌÃÄÁÀÒÖËÉ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖËÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÄÁÉÓ ÐÏÆÉÝÉÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉÓ ÚÅÄËÀ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÉÓ (ÌÀÈ ÛÏÒÉÓ ÜÏËÖÒÖËÉ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÉÓ) ÌÏÍÀÝÄÌÈÀ ÂÀÈÅÀËÉÓßÉÍÄÁÉÈ. n i n o S ar a S e n i Z e (Tbilisi) modalobis gamoxatvis enobrivi saSualebebi qarTuli enis dasavlur dialeqtebSi

modaloba aris gamonaTqvamisadmi mTqmelis damokidebule-

bis gamoxatva sxvadasxva enobrivi saSualebiT. igi semantikuri kategoriaa, amasTanave universaluri da yvela enaSi gadmoice-ma, magram gansxvavaebuli enobrivi monacemebiT. modalobis ka-tegoriis gamoxatva qarTul enaSi xdeba kilosa da modaluri formebis meSveobiT. dialeqtebSic igive enobrivi sistema mo-qmedebs, rac saliteraturo qarTulSi da igive modaluri formebi funqcionirebs, magaliTad, dialetebSi mTqmelis da-

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mokidebulebas gamoxatavs unda, egebo, iqneba modaluri for-mebi. dialeqtebSi modalobis gamosaxatavad aseve dasturdeba iseTi enobrivi saSualebebi, romlebic araa damaxasiaTebeli saliteraturo enisaTvis. amgvari saSualebebia qe / qi, moda-luri elementebi, romelic gvxvdeba dasavlur dialeqtTa um-ravlesobaSi. aseve vlindeba modaluri konstruqciebi, rom-lebSic monawileobs qe / qero da weve kavSirebi, romelTa sa-SualebiT Seqmnili konstruqciebi sxvadasxva semantikas gamo-xatavs. am konstruqciebSi vlindeba mTqmelis damokidebuleba da Sefaseba winadadebaSi gadmocemuli faqtisadmi. es kon-struqciebi sainteresoa imis gamoc, rom saliteraturo qar-TulSi maTi Sesabamisi kavSirebi ar dasturdeba.

e T er S e n g el i a (Tbilisi) samoslis aRmniSvneli leqsikis erTi jgufi megrul idiomatur gamoTqmebSi

samoslis sxvadasxva saxe arsebobs, romelTac, bunebrivia,

Semadgeneli nawilebi gaaCnia. bevri maTgani gamovlenilia idi-omatur gamoTqmebSi.

1) megr. o‡aleSi || o‡ale `sayelo~ megr. o‡aleSi || o‡ale efSa mafu 1) `bevri movaleoba

makisria;~ 2) `bevri vinme myavs sarCeni~ (zedmiw. `sayelo savse maqvs~).

megr. o‡aleSis alacima gadmocemis mixedviT, SimSilobis wlebSi sufridan Sin wasaReb saWmels iparavdnen da sayelo-dan iyridnen ubeSi. aqedan gamoTqma: o‡aleSis alˆmocensˆ

`sayeloSi micviva, e. i. ugemurad, naqurdaliviT vWam, damnaSa-ved vgrZnob Tavs~.

megr. o‡aleSiS(i) elafarTxua `sayelos amoferTxva~. rogorc aRniSnaven, avbedobis Jams sufraze naparavs sayelo-

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dan, sakinZidan iyridnen ubeSi, amitom sayelos amoferTxviT amtkicebdnen, naqurdali ara maqvso. gadataniT niSnavs: `am sa-qmeSi ubralo var~ (Sdr. qarT. sayelos amobertyva `risame mocilebis niSani, borotsa da siaves ganrideba, udanaSaulod aRiareba Tavisa~).

2) megr. ortyafu `sartyeli~ megr. ortyafu molafiri afu `Zalze moSiebulia (zed-

miw. `sartyeli Sexsnia, Cavardnia~ (Sdr. qarT. qamris dakar-gva).

megr. ortyafucalo qˆgoikarkatanqˆ (|| qˆgoi‡oTanqˆ)

xeSa `gaganadgureb, dagimorCileb~ (zedmiw. `qamariviT dagixvev xelze~).

3) megr. nabadi megr. nabadiT vare rTvili qi‡ana (|| qiana) `simarTle ar

ikargeba~, araferi ar daimaleba~, `gaumJRavnebeli araferi ar darCeba~ (zedmiw. `nabdiT ar aris qveyana daxuruli~).

megr. nabadiSoro mikofinˆdua koCi `mTeli adgili xalxs daekavebina; adgili aRar iyo; xalxis teva ar iyo~ (zedmiw. `nabadiviT iyoo mofenili xalxi~).

megr. ma do Cqimi nabadia `mTeli Cemi SesaZleblobiT aqa var~, (zedmiw. `me da Cemi nabadio~).

4) megr. jibe `jibe~ megr. jibe efSa (|| gokasil-i) `mdidari, bevri fulis pat-

roni~, (zedmiw. `jibesavse, gatenili~ (Sdr. qarT. jibegateni-li).

megr. jibeSa alaxunafa `motyueba, gacrueba, jobna rame saqmeSi, upiratesoba WkuiT, SeZlebiT, RoniT, codniT~ (zed-miw. `jibeSi Casma~ (Sdr. qarT. jibeSi Casma (visime).

megr. jibewkˆma ukarsaT voreqˆ `xelmokled, ufulod var~ (zedmiw. `jibesTan ukacravad var~, Sdr. qarT. jibesTan ukacravad yofna).

megr. aba, jibeSa qimiqanCeva! `aba, fuli gaecio~ (zedmiw. `aba, jibeze moiqaCe (xeli)~ (Sdr. qarT. jibes gaikar xelia!).

megr. jibe gorxvili `Rataki~ (Sdr. qarT. jibegaxvreti-

li).

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megr. jibe farTxili `arafris mqone~ (zedmiw. `jibe gamo-ferTxili~).

megr. jibeSa Wuki afu alaRureli `araferi ar gaaCnia~ (zedmiw. `jibeSi Tagvi hyavs Camkvdari~ (Sdr. qarT. jibeSi Tag-vebi uTamaSeben).

megr. jibe Wvil-i `Zunwi~ (zedmiw. `jibedamwvari~). 5) megr. Ziqva || Salvar-i || Saluar-i `Sarvali~ megr. Ziqvas || Sarvals eSe gamgonwyˆnqˆ `saswauls da-

gmarTeb, SeuZlebels gagikeTeb~ (zedmiw. `Sarvals zemodan, ka-basaviT gagxdi~).

megr. Ziqvamo onTxorali `SarvliT dasamarxi (wyevlis formulaa, rac niSnavs ― `sudara ar gRirsebodes~. gadmoce-mis mixedviT, sudara saSiSvlo iyo, xelmokle Wirisufali mkvdars imiT marxavda, rac ecva an Cacmuls odnav waafarebda sasudaro naWers)~.

saanalizo leqsikuri erTeulebi sainteresoa struqtu-rul-semantikuri, istoriul-etimologiuri, eTnografiuli, lingvokulturologiuri TvalsazrisiT. isini formobriv da semantikur Sesatyvisebs avlenen qarTul saliteraturo enasa da dialeqtebSi dadasturebul idiomebTan, Tumca zogjer se-mantika gansxvavebulia.

v a J a S e n g e l i a (Tbilisi) geriS gemaxvenji

(mimReoba _ idiomis erT-erTi komponenti megrulSi) idiomi enobrivi sistemis erT-erTi ZiriTadi struqtu-

rul-semantikuri erTeulia, romlis kvleva mniSvnelovania ro-gorc morfologiur-sintaqsuri, ise Sinaarsoblivi Tvalsaz-rsiT. am enobrivi erTeulis saTanadod Seswavla qarTvelur

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enebSi jer kidev did Zalisxmevas moiTxovs. es gansakuTrebiT megrul-lazuri enis mimarT iTqmis. am xarvezis garkveulwi-lad amovsebas isaxavs miznad mkvlevarTa jgufi, romelic rus-Tavelis fondis mier dafinansebuli proeqtis farglebSi mu-Saobs. am muSaobis erTi, mcire nawili warmodgenili iqneba am moxsenebaSi.

moxseneba exeba iseT idiomatur gamoTqmebs, romlebic struqturuli TvalsazrisiT msazRvrel-sazRvrulebia: msa-zRvreli naTesaobiT brunvaSi dasmuli arsebiTi saxelia, sa-zRvruli _ mimReoba, sasubieqto Tu saobieqto.

a) sasubieqto mimReoba idiomSi 1. guriS gemaxvenji `yoCaRi, gambedavi~, zedmiw. `mglis

(mgelze) mjdomi~. gamoTqma iseTi adamianis (gansakuTrebiT qa-lis) mimarT gamoiyeneba, romelic vaJkacobiT, gabedulebiT gamoirCeva. struqturiT es gamoTqma marTuli msazRvrel-sa-zRvrulia. sazRvruli gemaxvenji sasubieqto mimReobaa (mawar-moebelia prefiq-sufiqsi ma _ j). am mimReobas idiomSi SeiZ-leba sxva variantebi Caenacvlos: gimaxvenji || gemaxunali || gi-maxunali;

2. turaS maWkalari `moxerxebuli, marjve~, zedmiw. `tu-ris mwvelavi~. ityvian adamianze, vin moxerxebulobiT aris gamorCeuli. Wval- `wvela~ zmnis fuZea, mimReobas ma _ al

awarmoebs; 3. wyiriS matyabarali `wvrilmani, yvelaferze wamsvleli

adamiani~, zedmiw. `rwyilis gamtyavebeli~. miemarTeba adamians, romelic cdilobs wvrilmani saqmianobiT didi sargebeli na-xos. mimReoba nawarmoebia tyabar- `gatyaveba~ fuZisagan ma _ al konfiqsiT.

4. analogiuri mniSvnelobiT ixmareba wyiriS mayvarali

zedmiw. `rwyilis (da)mkodavi~. mimReobis mawarmoebeli aqac aris ma _ al.

5. Suris eSmaRalari `gamwvalebeli, mtanjveli, sulis amomrTveli~, zedmiw. `sulis amomRebi~. ma _ ar-iT nawarmoeb mimReobas Tu masdariT CavanacvlebT, idiomaturobac Senar-

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Cundeba da saTanadod mniSvnelobac: SuriS eSaRala `sulis amorTmeva~.

6. guriS ma‡vilari `gamamwarebeli, damaRonebeli, gulis momkvlevi~. mimReobaSi gvaqvs prefiqs-sufiqsi ma _ al.

7. wyariS makakali `usargeblo, uazro saqmis mkeTebeli~, zedmiw. `wylis mnayveli~. aqac igive mawarmoebeli gamoiyofa.

8. bJaS majine `cocxali arseba~, zedmiw. `mzis momzira-li~. meore komponentad warmodgenil mimReobaSi jin- Ziri da konfiqsi ma _ e gamoiyofa.

9. didaS ma‡vilari! zedmiw. `dedis mkvleli!~ gamoiyeneba dananebis, mwuxarebis gamomxatveli Sorisdebulis mniSvnelo-biT (udris daaxl. qarTul afsus! Sorisdebuls)

b) saobieqto mimReoba idiomSi 1. dixaS onTxorali `samarcxvino, dasamiwebeli~, zedmiw.

`miwis CasaTxreli~ (Sdr. qarT. miwaSi Casadebi). mimReobaSi gamoiyofa nTxor- Ziri da saobieqto mimReobis mawarmoebeli o _ al.

2. qvaraS orcxonji `mavne, usargeblo, urgebi~, zedmiw. `muclis savarcxeli~. mimReobaSi warmodgenilia rcxon- Ziri da o _ j mawarmoebeli.

3. ToliS Wkomili `gaTvaluli~, zedmiw. `Tvalis naWami~. meore komponentad gvaqvs namyo drois saobieqto mimReoba (Wkom- Ziria, -il _ derivaciuli sufiqsi).

4. tyaS giTnasxapa `veluri, tyviuri~ (zedmiw. `tyis gamo-mxtari~). ityvian ukulturo, uzrdel adamianze. mimReobaSi gamoiyofa sxap- Ziri, rTuli preverbi giT-, prefiq-sufiqsi na _ a.

5. kiTiS okvaTali `iSviaTi, Znelad saSovni ram~, zedmiw. `TiTis mosaWreli~. mimReobis mawarmoebeli o _ al, kvaT- _ Ziri.

6. kvarCxSe Wkadili `ukuRmarTi, ukeTuri~, zedmiw. `mar-cxnidan daWedili~ (Wkad- Ziria, -il _ mawarmoebeli sufiqsi).

7. tutlaS inaxunafali `Zalian gamxdari, daCiavebuli~ (zedmiw. `ayiros Casasmeli~). uwodeben daCiavebul adamians,

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ironiulad _ patara tanis, usaxur adamians; 8. jima Rureli! ixmareba Sorisdebulis mniSvnelobiT;

gamoxatavs dananebas, gakvirvebas, gabrazebas (Sdr. zemoT di-daS ma‡vilari!)

da sxv. idiomSi mimReoba SeiZleba pirvel adgilzec (prepoziciu-

rad) iyos warmodgenili msazRvrelis funqciiT (mag., dina-

fil Suri `glaxaki, Rataki, uxeiro~). ufro dawvrilebiT aseT SemTxvevaTa Sesaxeb calke gveqneba msjeloba.

T i n a S io S v il i, g i o r g i m a x a r a S v il i (baTumi) klarjuli andazebi

andaza msoflios yvela xalxis sibrZnismetyvelebis, msof-

lmxedvelobis, zneobriobis anareklia da, amave dros, enis leqsikuri sivrcis moqnilobisa da ganfenilobis ganmsazRvre-li.

saandazo metyveleba qarTveli xalxis sulieri cxovrebis Tanamdevi, `Wirsa Sigan gamagrebis~ erT-erTi mZlavri faqto-ria da yovelTvis, yvela epoqaSi zneobrivi tribunis funqcia eniWeba.

xalxuri andazebi, iseve, rogorc zepirsityvierebis sxva Janrebi, bolo dromde SemorCa TurqeTis respublikaSi, isto-riul klarjeTSi, mcxovreb CveneburTa zepirsityvierebas.

klarjul metyvelebaSi Semonaxuli qarTuli xalxuri an-dazebis umetesobas paralelebi eZebneba saqarTvelos sxvadas-xva kuTxeTa, gansakuTrebiT ki aWaris, zepirsityvierebaSi.

SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis qarTvelo-logiis institutis kompleqsuri samecniero eqspediciis mier 2007 da 2013 wlebSi istoriuli klarjeTis soflebSi Caweri-

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li andazebi, erTi mxriv, gvacnoben CveneburTa sulier samya-ros, maT msoflSegrZnebebs, socialur viTarebas, zneobriv idealebsa da miswrafebebs, rac zogadqarTuli azrovnebis identuria da, meore mxriv, mniSvnelovan rols asruleben Turqul garemoSi mcxovreb klarjTa qarTuli metyvelebis simdidrisa da xiblis SenarCunebaSi, rac maTi identobisaTvis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani faqtoria.

n a n a c e c xl a Z e (baTumi) CveneburTa metyvelebis emociur-eqspresiuli daxasiaTeba

CveneburTa metyveleba metad xatovani, emociuri da eq-

spresiulia. igi mdidaria stilistikuri saSualebebiT, trope-biT, xatovani sityva-TqmebiT. amnairad gadmocemuli saTqmeli ki gansakuTrebiT gulSi Camwvdomia da didxans dasamaxsovrebe-li. aqauri qarTvelis sityva marto ki ar aRniSnavs faqts, aramed qmnis esTetikas, rac Tanamedrove filologiuri mecni-erebebis aqtualuri sakiTxia. aq daculia metad mdidari xa-tovani sityva-Tqmani: faSvi derdi aq; zarmeli yovelTvin mokoWvili aq; yia saWreTliT xom ar aq amoWrili? naTquamma daaWiWka; yirmiz mumebiT dapaijna; gulis kaklis dawva;

TuTia gaxda; mze rom iyos, ar SeganaTebs; piridan Ze// Tafli gadmodis; pirze nuri adgas; pirze jehennemi axatia.

metad eqspresiulia: kaWa-kuWaia laparaki; Wvavis Wiboni da Tiknis davli; laparakSi katis // jixrikis damtvreva; (r)Zis gadmovla; kibilis tvinebis dayrevineba; lemsis yurwSi // buxarSi gaZvrena; buxridan ktris atanineba; su-lis gaZvrena// Cenges Seqanebineba.

frazologiuri sinonimebi markirebulia, isini nebismier konteqstSi ver Seenacvleba erTmaneTs.

Semonaxulia bevri iSviaTi idiomic: brude // gonji Tua-li; verxvifoTela?, kuxe sityvebi, saqmis kuWeWi; yurgaxre-tili insani, Tvalgamxilo insani, dagrexili insani...

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aqaurTa metyvelebaSi TvalSi sacemia maxvilsityvaobis ni-muSebi, romlebSic gamosWvivis satira da ironia: wiTel kvi-ras, namian dilas; dunias Tavi Tavze Samuarso; rafer ar mokres Wkvas xeli? lextze rom miartyams Tavs, mere iswav-lis Wkvas; daTesili aq da Tibavs Wkvas. an kidev: qobuleTel muhajirTa metyvelebaSi dadasturebuli: puwuwa? Cits uT-qmia, duniam da deiqces da zrugze dawolila, totebiT ca?-da devkavoo.

aqve gvxvdeba iSviaTi Sedarebani: TquSasaveT lamazia; wurbelasaviT megewepeba; Svilebis marto xesaveT gazrda; dedamTilis Zvel falaziviT migdeba; naTquamis dampal sxlebiviT gaCeCeba; obobas qseliviT moqsovnili Wkua; do-dofaliTvin sunag katasaven afareba Tvalebze...

emociis gasaZliereblad arc Tu iSviaTad gamoiyeneba hi-perbola: zRuebi rom melnaT iqcen, xiebi rom kalmaT iq-cen, Cems derdebs ver aswers; yiaze Tovli movda; yiaze fulis qoneba; Wvanis gaTaTreba axsovs... deilaparikebden, xorTlaRi adgeboda; kdarsac aalaparikefs; misi gemo hala pirSi maq....

litotesis nimuSebia:fxalisdeni ar miyvars; kvercxi ar gadabrundeba.

CveneburTa metyvelebaSi gamokveTilia erTi stilistikuri xerxi-sinonimuri paralelizmi. sinonimebis paralelurad xma-reba gagebulia, rogorc azris gamaZlierebeli saSualeba, maq-simaluri literaturuli efeqtis misaRwevi erT-erTi meTo-di. aq sinonimur paralelizms leqsikuri sinonimebi ki ar qmnis, aramed misi aucilebeli komponentia frazeologizmi da misi Sesatyvisebi. mokled, aq erTmaneTis gverdigverd gamoiye-neba sityva (zogjer winadadebac) da misi perifrazuli sinoni-mi. komponentebi erTmaneTs ukavSirod uerTdeba. ganmmarteb-lis funqcia SeiZleba hqondes qarTul sityvas an frazeolo-gizms, romelic kalkuri an naxevradkalkuri frazeologizmis gverdiT gamoiyeneba. sxva danarCen SemTxvevaSi sinonimebis gverdigverd moxmoba eqspresias aZlierebs. gamovyofT ramdeni-me qvejgufs:

1. ucxo sityva // frazeologizmi: Zalian huqumdari iyo, sityva guudioda.

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2. kalkuri frazeologizmi // qarTuli frazeologizmi: insansa misi aibi pirze arna Samokra, sircxvilidan-na gameiy-

vano; misi naTquami Zirs ar davardeba, sityua ar wieqceva; 3. naxevradkalkuri frazeologizmi// qarTuli frazeo-

logizmi: me erTi Zma myavda, isic Zalian yurgaxretili kaci iyo, yuelamfridan xeberi hqonda;

4. naxevradkalkuri frazeologizmi // qarTuli sityva (winadadeba):

Tvalebs ki duuxuWav, emes iq, iSmari miscao; klavebi

aRar midis, mevRale. 5. naxevradkalkuri frazeologizmi // Turquli sityva

(winadadeba): sisxlidan ar gavrecxilvarT, isven xisim-axraba varT

erTmanebisa. 6. frazeologizmi // ekvivalenti sityva: mis sityvaze

ar dadgeba, Ralatia; gamaxednia RliaSi, Seifera da....muce-

li marto saWmlisTvis ar-na iyos, sabriani-na iyo; Jami aq pirze, ver deelaparikebi; Cem anamac icocxlos pawa?, sikdi-lis joxi pawa xans ar mieyudos; Zalian viderde, emjami, gev-lewe derdisgan; vderdob, guli mewvis.

arc Tu iSviaTad frazeologizmiT gamoxatuli azris gadmosacemad mTeli winadadebaa gamoyenebuli: xeli jaglagi gimixda, karg xelnaqmar veRar vijebi; pirze jehennemi axatia, Sexedav, mixdebi, ra insanicaa; miwis suli udian, imfraT da-berebulan;

7. frazeologizmi // gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT naxmari sityva: meriema? Cemze iyo gamobmuli, metireboda; guli deme-wua, damwvari kaci demewva, guli imitirda;

8. frazeologizmi// frazeologizmi: tarosma pawai Tva-li gaaxila,isadila; mokoWvili kacia, xel ar meiWams; ar

qna, ar Wama katam niori; imferi kai molaparike iyo, sityvaSi

ar deimtreoda, verc sityviT daabemdi; isa sityvis kaci iyo, pir ar gatexda.

oden paralelizmis nimuSia: sarfis kari rom geixsna,

Cemma gulmac geixsna.

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antonimuri paralelizmis nimuSebia: qarTuelebiTvin RmerTsa silamaze marto bukiT da piriT ki ara, guliT da suliT muucemia; axla TelefoniT Seyvareba amoCTa, uwin TvaliT iyo; Sen Tvali ver gigiZRia, faSvi ver gigiZRia, marto guliT ar iqneba.

CveneburTa metyveleba eqspresiulobiT, stilistikur sa-SualebaTa mravalferovnebiT arsebiTad scildeba sasaubro stilis CarCoebs. sinonimuri paralelizmi aq bevrad ufro mravalferovania, vidre poetur enaSi.

m e r i c i n c a Z e, m a i a b ar a m i Z e (baTumi)

fonetikuri movlenebi klarjulSi

klarjulSi met-naklebad gvxvdeba yvela fonetikuri mo-

vlena, romlebic saerTod damaxasiaTebelia sxva samxruli ki-loebisTvisac. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia paraleluri forme-bi.

warmovadgenT klarjulis fonetikuri movlenebis zogad mimoxilvas bsu humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakultetis qar-Tvelologiis institutis mudmivmoqmedi kompleqsuri eqspedi-ciis mier 2007, 2013 wlebSi mopovebuli masalebis mixedviT.

xSiria xmovanTa da TanxmovanTa asimilaciis sxvadasxva Se-mTxveva (sruli da nawilobrivi, progresuli da regresuli).

xmovanTa asimilaciis magaliTebia: ae>ee: deexarja(<daexar-ja), wemekindleba(<wamekindleba), degvewikebian(<dagvewikebian); am kompleqsTa monacvleobaa gaTxoveba fuZis zmnis e- prefiq-sian vnebiTSi: geveTxove(<gaveTxove), ar geeTxovo(<gaeTxovo), geeTxova(<gaeTxova).

SevniSnavT, rom samxrulis sxva kiloebSi fuZiseuli o ikargvis. Cveulebrivia formebi: geeTxva, geeTxvo.

ai>ei: geivlida(<gaivlida), geiqca(<gaiqca), geicani(<gaica-

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ni), wedi(<wadi), gemisivdeba(<gamisivdeba), gemixarda(gamixar-da)...

ai>ii: wimivida(<wamivida), gimivida(<gamivida), digviTe-sia(<dagviTesia).

eo>oo: mozobeli(<mezobeli), zomo(<zemo)... oe>ee: memexmare(<momexmare), meeswro(<moeswro), gameewu-

re(<gamoewure), wamegeRo(<wamogeRo), megemSeva(<mogemSeva)... oi>ei: memitane(<momitane). TanxmovanTa asimilaciis SemTxveva bevri araa. xd>xT: waxTen(<waxden), moxTa(<moxda); qz>gz: agze(<aqze),

magze(<maqze); cd>zd: ozdaeqsi(<ocdaeqsi); gc>qc: moqces(<mo-gces), gaqcviTos(<gagcviTos); gx>qx: Seqxedeben(<Segxedaven).

disimilacia ar aris farTod gavrcelebuli. arali (<ar ari), Rorjumelebi(<Rorjomelebi), laparikoben(<laparakoben).

farTod gavrcelebuli fonetikuri movlenaa bgeris da-

kargva. ikargvis Tanxmovani da xmovanic. ikargvis Tavkiduri bgera: wvane(<mwvane), Tavroba(<mTavro-

ba), Teli(<mTeli), Tveli(<rTveli), Zali(<rZali), klavi(<mkla-vi), domebia(<ndomebia).

sw kompleqsSi ikargvis fuZiseuli s: awavlian, damawavla, dawavlili... iSviaTia: aswavlida, viswavle...

ikargvis micemiTi brunvisa da naTesaobiTi brunvis niSni-seuli -s: RerRil davayri; sizmar naxevden; kaciTava? sxalia.

bevria fuZiseuli bgeris dakargvis SemTxveva: maamTili(<ma-mamTili), gazdila(<gazrdila), welwadi(weliwadi), eqsi(<eq-vsi), gamovda(gamovida)...

gvxvdeba bgeris CarTvis SemTxvevebic: Tokvi(<Toki), yve-lamferi(<yvelaferi), wavlenvo(<wavleno), gaCenva(<gaCena), ma-Cuqves(<maCuqes), milaparaknia(<milaparakia).

zogierTi zmnis formaSi zedmetia sawyisiseuli bgera: RmerTma kargad gamyofnos; Sdr.: RmerTma amyofos; vicurvoT.

xSiria bgeraTa monacvleobis - substituciis SemTxvevebi: W// j: ajarelia, ajaruli; x// R: WoroRi(<Woroxi); v// m: damami-wyda(<damaviwyda); v// b: damabiwyda, mabiwydeba. iSviaTia v Tan-

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xmovniani amosavali forma. samxrul metyvelebaSi Cveulebrivia formebi, romelTa

amosavalia qorwili: davaqorwile, daqorwilda, dimiqorwil-da... sainteresoa, rom klarjulSi am formaTa gverdiT das-turdeba nariani formebic: davaqorwine, daqorwinden, dasa-qorwinebeli, daqorwinebulia.

substituciis sxva magaliTebia: t// d: movwyvide(<movwyvi-te); b// p: deipna(<daibna); r// q: cqemlebi(<cremlebi), individu-aluri Cans. s// S: duuStvine(<daustvine).

metaTezisis magaliTebia: meiremi(<meriemi), Rmera(<mRera), gvxvdeba Rmerobac, iRmeravden(<imRerebdnen), navxe(<vnaxe), na-vxavT.

bgeris Serwyma iSviaTia: qomo(<qvemo), qomaradidi(<qve, qvemomaradidi).

klarjulSi, Cveni masalebis mixedviT, iSviaTia klarjeTis soflebis kirnaTisa da maradidis metyvelebaSi gavrcelebuli ercxva, romelic erTi sxva sityvaTa SeerTebiT - i-s dakar-gvisa da Ts Serwymis Sedegad aris miRebuli. ercxva formis nacvlad gavrcelebulia amosavali erTisxva.

dasturdeba zogierTi Turquli sityvis paraleluri formebic: gelini//genili (gelin) rZali; faTaTesi//patatesi (pa-tates) kartofili; hastane//xastane (hastane) saavadmyofo; bel-qi//belqin (belki) iqneb, SeiZleba; CeSiti//CeSiTi (çeşit) sxvadas-xva, nairnairi.

zemoT warmodgenili fonetikurad Secvlili bevri si-tyvis paralelurad dasturdeba amosavali formebic.

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m a r i a m c i s k a r i S v il i (Telavi)

diglosia wova-TuSebis qarTuli metyvelebis nimuSebis mixedviT

diglosia xsnis im situacias, rodesac multilingvistu-ri sazogadoebis calkeuli ena an misi saxesxvaobis variacia emsaxureba specializebul funqcias da gamoiyeneba saTanado daniSnulebiT. termini Seicavs sxvadasxva funqcias da lin-gvisturi sazogadoebis sxvadasxva tipisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. diglosia tipiurad aRwers sakmaod myar situacias, romel-Sic CarTulia ori sxvadasxva enis kodi, enebi, dialeqtebi, an ena da dialeqti. TiToeuli maTgani ierarqiulad dakavSire-bulia erTmaneTTan. erTi maTgani miekuTvneba maRali statu-sis (H), xolo meore dabali statusis (L) kods. maRali kodi gamoiyeneba, rogorc dominanti da aqtiuri, mas aqvs oficia-luri enis daniSnuleba. dabali kodis gavrcelebis areali Se-zRudulia. igi gamoiyeneba araformaluri urTierTobebisas.

diglosiis SemTxveva ganvixileT wova-TuSuri enis maga-liTze. sakvlev masalad aviReT wova-TuSebis qarTuli metyve-lebis nimuSebi. diglosiis ganxilvisas wova-TuSebis enobriv sociumSi maRal kods miekuTvneba qarTuli ena, romelic wova-TuSebis mier gamoiyeneba, rogorc saxelmwifo ena, rogoricaa skola, saxelmwifo struqturebi. xolo wova-TuSuri miekuT-vneba dabal kods, radgan igi gamoiyeneba saojaxo urTierTo-bis enad konkretulad sociumis gansaxlebis adgilas. wova-Tu-Sebis qarTuli metyvelebis nimuSebi SegviZlia ganvixiloT, rogorc erTgvari heterodiglosiis SemTxveva, romelic Sei-cavs kaxuri dialeqtisa da wova-TuSuri enisTvis damaxasiaTe-bel elementebs da asaxavs enisa da dialeqtis urTierTobas enis anTropologiis kuTxiT. moviyvanT ramdenime magaliTs:

`Teli ojaxi, jalaboba, erTi patarZali hyoliyo, SviliS-vilis coli mTaSi mideniliyo; lekTakaSi me vyofilvar im tafSi, _ iq Camosulan da Turme dedamTili uken fexiT mi-

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dis, akavani aqs, balRi Sawuxda xurjinSi da igre fexiT midis da imas enaxna tyeSig cudi xalxi. nidag imaT datrialda is.~

`Sua gzamdin ro aTria da roca veRar mizdevs, mucelSi xanjali Ceeyara da gadeegdo.~

`zalian naswavli yofiliyo da xelmwifes zalian meewo-na da Tavis qali daliSna. Tqma ar vici im qalagisa. iq Saxved-ra maaxdina. ƒqveyanaze xilis badeba ara gvaqs.~

saanalizo masalam gvaCvena rom wova-TuSebi qarTuli me-tyvelebisas azrovneben wova-TuSurad, winadadebis wyoba da struqtura wova-TuSuri winadadebis agebis principebis adek-vaturia. winadadebis agebisas, azris gadmocemisas iyeneben ka-xuri metyvelebisTvis damaxasiaTebel dialeqtur formebs, rac ganpirobebulia kaxuris enobrivi arealiT. n ato wul e i s k i r i (quTaisi) ekolingvistika: kvlevis SesaZlo perspeqtivebi da midgomebi

saukunis meore naxevarSi aRiniSneba Tanamedrove mecniere-

bis `ekologizacia~ da ekologiuri problematikis farTo ga-vrceleba politikur sferosa da masobrivi informaciis saSu-alebebSi; ekologiuri problematika aqtualuria lingvistika-Sic. ekologiis Sesaxeb teqstebs didi adgili ukavia teqstur sainformacio sivrceSi da aqtiurad monawileoben ekologiu-ri cnobierebis CamoyalibebaSi. kulturul sivrceSi Cndeba miswrafeba gaCenili mniSvnelobis maqsimaluri verbalizaciisa.

ekolingvistika warmoadgens erT-erT Tanamedrove mecnie-rul mimarTulebas enaTmecnierebaSi, romelic lingvistikaSi Camoyalibda socialuri, fsiqologiuri (metyvelebis zemoqme-debis problemebi) da filosofiuri (sazogadoebisa da Semec-

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nebis saerTo Tvisebebisa da kanonzomierebebis gamovlena ena-Si) mimarTulebebis SeerTebiT.

rogorc adamianisa da sazogadoebis arsebobis enobrivi sferos Semswavleli mimarTuleba, ekolingvistika yalibdeba kanonebis, principebis da wesebis gamovlenis safuZvelze.

dReisaTvis ekolingvistikaSi gamoiyofa ori mimarTuleba: `ekologiuri lingvistika~, romelic gamomdinareobs eko-

logiidan da metafizikurad gadaaqvs enaze da enaTmecniereba-ze ekologiuri terminebi (ekologiis cneba, garemocva, ekosis-temebi), kvlevis principebi da meTodebi (v. trampi, a.fili, i. Storki).

`enobrivi ekologia~, romelic ganixilavs enaSi gamoxatul ekologiur Temebs. enisa da teqstebis analizi xdeba maTi `ekologiurobis~ TvalsazrisiT, gamoikvleva enis roli gare-samyaros aqtualuri problemebis aRweraSi (m. deringi).

mniSvnelovania enis ekologiis sami aspeqti: _ intraenobrivi (dakavSirebulia enis kulturasTan,

stilistikasTan, ritorikasTan da moicavs metyvelebis siswo-ris, logikurobis, eqspresiulobis da sxva komunikaciuri Tvi-sebebis darRvevebis gamokvlevas).

_ interenobrivi (dakavSirebulia mravalenovnebasTan da enebis gaqrobis problemasTan, e.i. lingvisturi mravalferov-nebis SemcirebasTan dedamiwaze).

_ transenobrivi (dakavSirebulia erTi enis, erTi kultu-ris erTeulebis, saSualebebis, realiebis gamoyenebasTan sxva enis konteqstsa da saSualebebSi).

am midgomebiT udavod saintereso Cans qarTulenovani ga-remos Seswavla da kvleva.

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ro i n W i k a Z e (Telavi) iotas fonologiuri gandasebisaTvis

cnobilia, rom xmovanTa da TanxmovanTa fiziologiuri da

socialuri gansxvavebis saTave maT saerTo genezisur sawyisSia saZiebeli (g. axvlediani). am mxriv saintereso masalas iZleva qarTvelur enebsa da dialeqtebSi dadasturebuli e.w. `naxe-varxmovnebi~; zogjer maT umarcvlo xmovnebsac uwodeben, Tum-ca isini arsebiTad Tanxmovnebia (b. jorbenaZe), vinaidan dif-Tongizaciis niadagze Secvlili xmovani Tanxmovans utoldeba (T. uTurgaiZe).

qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi iotizaciis genezisuri ganda-seba povnierdeba difTongizaciis procesSi i xmovnisa da h/s spirantTa nawilobrivi an sruli reduqciisas.

i||~ Zvel qarTulsa da dialeqtebSi erTi da imave fonemis kombinatorul variantebadaa miCneuli. i>~ xmovnis momdevnod gvxvdeba TuSurSi, raWulSi, mesxurSi, gurulSi, aWarulSi, ingilourSi...: Zma?, klde?, wyaro?, yru?...(T. uTurgaiZe; T. ga-myreliZe; z. sarjvelaZe..). amasTanave, ~ rogorc h, s, S, z spi-rantebisa da c afrikatis refleqsi sakmaod farTodaa ga-vrcelebuli qarTlurSi, kaxurSi, fSaurSi, mTiulur-gudamay-rulSi, fereidnulSi...: ~gonia, ~wavlobs, ta~ti, ga~dili, dResa~... (arn. Ciqobava; a. martirosovi, gr. imnaiSvili; b. jor-benaZe...).

amjerad Cveni yuradReba miiqcia im faqtma, rom orTave gziT miRebulia iota, romlis fonetikuri transkrifciisa-Tvis tradiciulad gamoyenebulia grafikuli niSani ~. marTa-lia, `asosa da sametyvelo bgeris urTierTkavSiri ramdenadme pirobiTia, erTi da igive aso SeiZleba gamoxatavdes sxvadasxva sametyvelo bgeras~ (g. axvlediani), Tumca es garemoeba sruli-adac ar amarTlebs imas, rom akustikurad msgavsi, magram warmoSobiT sxvadasxva bgerebi erTi da imave grafikuli niS-niT gamovxatoT. migvaCnia, rom iotizebuli i identuri ver

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iqneba reducirebuli spiranti Tanxmovnebisa. isini akustiku-rad sxvaoben ara mxolod genezisiT, aramed xmovansavseobiTac da ganekuTvnebian TanxmovanTa jgufs, romelTac dakarguli aqvT fonemuroba.

zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT, marTebulad migvaCnia, sxva-dasxva warmomavlobis iotizebuli bgerebis gamosaxatavad gamoyenebul iqnas gansxvavebuli aso-niSnebi.

n i n el i Wo xo n el i Z e (Tbilisi) zogi zar- fuZiani omonimuri calebis warmomavlobisaTvis

il. abulaZis ,,Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikonis Tb., 1973~

mixedviT zar-fuZiani Semdegi omonimuri sityvebi dasturdeba: zari1: SiSi, elda [spar. z@rÒ `tirili~]. `daeca maT zeda zari da SiSi fria Odi~ ( , neem. 6, 15).

`kelari igi Seipyra SiSman da zarman friadman~ (m. cx. 424r). zari2: mwyobri, gundi; xalxi [arab.-spars. zƒri \\ zare

,,glexi, miwaTmoqmedi~]. aha esera zari didi warmohvlida, da ityodes warmaval-

ni...~ (m. cx. 311v). qeglis mixedviT ki zar- fuZe Semdeg omonimur calebs

warmogvidgens: zari1: 1. ix. Zveli qarTulis zari1 mniSvn.1. 2. Zv. samgloviaro usityvo galoba micvalebulis gasvenebisas. me viqnebi zaris mTqmeli, me viqnebi mesaflave (i. griS.). || mo-TqmiT tirili, datireba visime. glova da zari iyo saTagveT-Si (T. razik.).

zari2: zari¹ ,,rvalis didi sarekeli~ _ saba. atyda, atyda zaris reka, didi zaric box xmas aZlevs (r. erisT.). sadguris zarma amcno yvelas matareblis gamosvla maxlobeli sadguri-

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dan (s. mgalob.). || patara zari (an sxva raime saxis sarekavi mowyobiloba) risame saniSneblad. enkenis Tvis pirvelSi gaisma skolis zaris wkrialic (T. razik.).

samecniero literaturis mixedviT, qarTul zar- Zirs ka-nonzomierad Seesatyviseba megruli zor-. masala Seapirispira h. fenrixma (h. fenrixi, z. sarjvelaZe).

zari3: zari, Zari godori, Sesanaxavi simindisa, an qorTa sajdomi galia (d. Cubin.).

godors Tavi akliao, cxris urmisa zarSi hyriden (d. gu-ramiSvili). simindi bevri mosula, yvelas daudgams zaria (T. razikaSvili).

vfiqrobT, rom zari < Zari; Zar-fuZisTvis ki aRdgeba s.-qarTv. fuZe *Zar-Zan- ,,varcli, godori“® (m. Cuxua).

zari4: saub. igivea, rac kamaTeli [sp.-Turq. z„r]. zaris gagoreba.

garda zemodasaxelebuli omonimuri calebisa, aseve damo-ukidebel leqsikur erTeulebad SeiZleba miviCnioT:

zari5: zari gesli, Sxami, sawamlavi, samsala [spars. zahr]. gemod guelisa zarsa hgavs (visramiani). zahriani Sxamiani (m. andronikaSvili). imas Tu ukunisamdica Seagubeb da msaxureb, igive zahriani guelia, odesca kbena daemarTebis (visramiani).

zari7: oqro, oqromkedi. [spars. zarr _ `oqro~]. zariani: oqroTi Semkuli. viTa qelmwifeTa wesia, egre zarianad, mahra-niT kubo oqroiTa, TualiTa da margalitiTa Sekazmuli... eg-zomni saqoneli da oqro gaugzavna ZiZasaca (visramiani). zar (az. zar) brWyviala amoburculi wertilebi anu bzinebi qso-vilze. istifas Sig zar aq; zeds. zarian: zarian farCaჲ iseTi qsovili, romlsac Sig zari aqvs (ingilouri, RambaSiZe). Sdr. zariani oqrosi. farCa zariani _ d. Cubin.

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n i n o Wu m b ur i Z e (Tbilisi) zmniswinTa sityvawarmoebiTi daniSnulebiT gamoyenebis SemTxvevebi qarTul mxatvrul literaturasa da dialeqtebSi

cnobilia, rom zmniswini moqmedebis, moZraobis semantikis

gadmocemaSi gansakuTrebul rols TamaSobs. is monawileobs ara mxolod mimarTulebisa da gezis, aramed moZraobis mane-ris, moqmedebis intensivobis, unebliobisa da sxva niuansebis gamoxatvaSi.

mwerlebi saTqmelis zedmiwevniT gadmocemisa da mxatvru-li efeqtis gaZlierebis mizniT xSirad mimarTaven iseT uCveu-lo formebs, rogoricaa magaliTad, mivetuCe, amovylape, dami-elvare, miityorcneba, gadaCqmaluli, gadaeyvinTa da sxva, rom-lebSic kargad Cans zmniswinis meSveobiT rogor icvleba, zus-tdeba an gansxvavebul niuanss iZens zmnis fuZiT gamoxatuli Sinaarsi.

saintereso suraTs gviCvenebs qarTuli enis dialeqtebic. dialeqtur teqstebSi dasturdeba araerTi forma, romlebSic semantikuri cvlilebebi ama Tu im zmniswinis darTviT aris gamowveuli. amis nimuSebia: gamomisinaTeT, gadmovduRdebi, amoargvalefs, amoagundavebs, wavetote, gauwuwuna da sxv.

moxsenebaSi ganxilulia is zmnuri formebi, romlebic zmniswinebis darTviT moqmedebis nairsaxeobebs gamoxataven da sainteresoa enis sityvawarmoebiTi SesaZleblobebis gamovle-nis TvalsazrisiT.

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m z i a x a x ut a i S v il i (Tbilisi) zmnizedebi qobuleTur kilokavSi (muhajirTa metyvelebis mixedviT)

qobuleTuri kilokavi zmnizedebis xmarebis TvalsazrisiT saintereso suraTs gviCvenebs, amasve adasturebs qobuleTel muhajirTa qarTuli metyvelebac. konservirebuli enobrivi ma-sala metad mravalferovania.

qobuleTurSi drois zmnizedas gamoxatavs mravalferovani formebi: amgzoba� (axlaxans, amjerad); amwaxaneba� (uaxloes warsulSi); ucfaTa� (uceb) rum Sevxede; lianqra� (gur. od-nav, bundovnad) maxsovs;

Warbadaa `xan~ formiT nawarmoebi drois zmnizedebi: jdo-mixan; moslixan; askerSi waslixan davrgiT; marglixan rum yi-voden; raxan moxval (kiTxvis zmnizedis mniSvnelobiT);

gvxvdeba viTarebis zmnisarTebi: tyula�, Zvila�, CumaTa�, romelTac qvemogurulisamebr narTauli -i//� daerTvis.

dasturdeba Zveli qarTuli `merme~ drois zmnizeda `me-mre// memren~ (substituciiTa da nazalizaciiT): memre facas mia; memre eri cxeni boSaT darCa; memre werilebi mieci;

adgilis zmnizedis mniSvnelobiT dasturdeba sacxa-sadac: sacxa mixval; sacxa lamaz gogvebs vnaxav; aseve mimarTulebis aRmniSvneli erken (erT mxares), meoreken (meore mxares): eri sofeli erken, miore sofeli mioreken.

qobuleTurSi gvxvdeba kiTxviTi zmnizeda ratum Ziris xmovnis cvlilebiT, rac ucxoa aWarulisaTvis; aseve gvaqvs re-iza ratom kiTxvis gamomxatveli zmnizedis mniSvnelobiT.

muhajirTa metyvelebaSi zmnizedis mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba zedsarTavi kargi/ kai: kai (kargad) irecxvoda, lamazi suli eq-neboda; kai (kargad) viyaviT.

zemo da qvemo aWarulTan mimarTebiT qobuleTur kilokav-Si zmnizedebi rig Taviseburebebs gviCvenebs. TvalSisacemia ze-mo da qvemo aWarulisaTvis niSandoblivi -Si da -ze Tande-

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buldarTuli adgilis zmnizedebi (agze, igze; aqSi, iqSi). igi uCveuloa sxva dialeqtebisaTvis. aRniSnuli znizedebi mxo-lod aq// aqa// aqana~ formiT gvxvdeba qobuleTurSi; aqana~ ka-ci muuklia; iqana~ davjeqiT; aqa Wamda, aqa smida; iqa CaWrila; xasana? iq darCenila; iq// iqa// iqana~ formiT gvxvdeba, rac gu-rulTan siaxloviTaa Sepirobebuli.

aseve ucxoa qobuleTurisaTvis zemo aWarulisTvis niSan-doblivi `Sian~ (Sig// Sigan) zmnizeda. es ukanaskneli `SiT~ formiT dasturdeba qobuleTel muhajirTa metyvelebaSi: SiT nigozs muamwyreven; faras Cadebden SiT.

qobuleTur kilokavSi dasturdeba adgilis zmnizedebi: sad, sacxa, saidan Sdr. aWaruli: had, hacxa, haidan.

qobuleTurSi dros gamoxatavs zmnizedebi: eiers (avlis dros); Cameiers (Camovlis dros); geiers (gavlis dros) Sdr. aWaruli: gavla~, avla~, Cavla~.

c i r a j a n j R a v a (Tbilisi) do `da~ kavSiri megrul idiomebSi

rogorc cnobilia, idiomi Cveulebriv ukavSiro Sesityve-baa, magram qarTulSi gvxvdeba da kavSiriani sityvaTSeerTeba, romelic idiomis ZiriTad moTxovnas _ erTmaneTTan dakavSi-rebuli sityvebis mniSvnelobaTa jami ar unda udrides saer-To mniSvnelobas, upasuxebs, amitom aseTi sityvaTSeerTebac idiomad miiCneva (mag., alilo da xvalao, mTa da baris gaswo-reba, mze da mTvare amosdis...). aseTive viTarebaa megrul-la-zuri enis megrul dialeqtSi. SevexebiT ramdenime SemTxvevas.

1. ca da dixa `ori Zalian gansxvavebuli ram~, zedmiw. `ca da dedamiwa~. ityvian, rodesac or sagans (adamians, nivTs) So-ris didi gansxvavebaa( mag., jimalefi muWoT ca do dixa TeS rena `Zmebi Zalian gansxvavebulebi arian~, zedmiw. `Zmebi ro-

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gorc ca da miwa ise arian~). 2. zemoT ganxiluli idiomis msgavsi mniSvnelobiT gamoiye-

neba sityvaTSeerTeba zRva do gvala zedmiw. `zRva do mTa~ (mag., inefi zRva do gvala jgua rena zedmiw. `isini zRva da mTasaviT arian~).

3. bJa do RviniS aknawyora `Zalian lamazi, mwyazari, TeTr-yirmizi~, zedmiw. `rZisa da Rvinis nazavi~. Cveulebriv ityvian Zalian lamaz qalze (mag., nabetan sqvam re _ bJa do RviniS aknawyora `Zalian lamazia _ rZisa da Rvinis nazavi~).

4. ja do qua `magari, myari, mtkice; jiuti, ujiaTi~, zed-miw. `xe da qva~ (mag., Te sxuli ja do qua re `es msxali maga-ria, qvasaviTaa~; Jirxolo jimalefi ja da qua rena `orive Zma jiutia~, zedmiw. `orive Zmebi jiutebi arian~).

5. Rva do TomaS tyabarua `Secxadeba, moTqma-tirili~, zedmiw. `loyisa da Tmis dakawvra~ (mag., babuS Rura qigeguni, Ti wuTis Rva do TomaS tyabarua qidiWyu `papis sikvdili rom Seityo, im wuTas moTqma-tirili daiwyo~).

6. joRor do katucalo `Zalian mtrulad, ZaRli-katasa-viT~ (mag., ase Cil do qomonji joRor do katucalo rena zedmiw. `axla coli da qmari ZaRli da katasaviT arian~).

7. xe do kuCxi borkili `Seviwroebuli, SezRuduli~. mi-uTiTebs adamianze, romelsac moqmedebis Tavisufleba raime mizeziT SezRuduli aqvs (mag., mu aqimine, xe do kuCxi borki-li afu zedmiw. `ra unda qnas, xeli da fexi Seborkili aqvs~).

8. Sur do guri `sulisCamdgmeli; metad Zvirfasi; ala-lad, gulianad~. es idiomi polisemantikurobiT gamoirCeva (mag., boCia Te saqmeS Sur do gurie `boCia am saqmis suli da gulia~; e baRana TiSoT Sur do gurie `es bavSvi misTvis me-tad Zvirfasia~; arZa saqmes Sur do guriT meure `yvela sa-qmes alalad, gulianad akeTebs~ _ am SemTxvevaSi saxeli moqme-debiT brunvaSi warmogvidgeba).

9. dRaS do seriT `dRe da Rame, ganuwyvetliv~ (mag., dRaS do seriT svanja vauRu `dRe da Rame mosveneba ara aqvs~; dRaS do seriT muSens `dRe da Rame (ganuwyvetliv) muSaobs~).

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ori ukanaskneli idiomi imiT aris gamorCeuli, rom maTi komponentebis adgili ar aris mudmivi _ gvxvdeba rogorc Sur do guri, ise gur do Suri, rogorc dRaS do seri, ise ser do dRaSi, rac im Tvalsazrisis sasargeblod metyvelebs, romlis Tanaxmadac ucvleli sityvaTwyoba ar SeiZleba miviC-nioT idiomis erT-erT ZiriTad damaxasiaTebel Tvisebad.

m a r i n a j R a r k a v a (Tbilisi) isqender WiTaSis `Cquni Wara~

1929 w. 15 seqtembers q.soxumSi daibeWda isqender WiTa-

Sis mier Sedgenili lazuris saxelmZRvanelo `Cquni Wara~, ro-melic axali redaqtirebiT stambolSi 2012 wels gamosca ir-fan aleqsivam. wigni volfgang foierStains moupovebia da Se-mdgom gadaucia irfanisTvis; saxelmZRvanelos rusuli teq-stis Turqulad Targmnasa da redaqtirebaSi, teqstebis gamar-Tvasa da gamocemaSi didi wvlili Seitanes nurTen qurnazim, hasan uzunhasanoRlim, lazuri kulturis centris erTerTma damaarsebelma memedali bariS beSlim da irfan aleqsivas me-uRlem kaderinam, romelmac daafinansa es gamocema.

isqender WiTaSis `Cquni Wara~ sainteresoa istoriografi-uli da lingvisturi TvalsazrisiT. es gaxlavT lazuri wera-kiTxvis saswavlo saxelmZRvanelo, romelSic mocemulia sabWo-Ta periodis dasawyisis lazTa yofa-cxovrebis amsaxveli mcire moTxrobebi da leqsebi, ZiriTadad kolmeurneoba `mWiTa la-zistanis~ daarsebis, muSaTa da lexTa cxovrebis suraTebi.

lingvisturi TvalsazrisiT sayuradReboa iseTi leqsiku-ri erTeulebis Seqmnisa da danergvis mcdeloba, rogorebicaa: kolmani `kolmeurneoba~, kolmanuri `kolmeurne~, magverdalo-ba `monaxevreoba~, Ti-gemCaloba `Tavmjdomareoba, marTva~, so-cializmiS okodu `socializmis Seneba~, mWiTa ordu `wiTeli

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armia~, madulie `muSa~, maxaCqali `glexi~, soveTiari `sabWoTa~ da sxva.

avtors ucdia laTinuri alfabetis bazaze Seeqmna lazu-ri anbani; bolos darTulia lazur-Turqul-rusuli leqsi-koni.

isqender WiTaSis `Cquni Wara~ gankuTvnili iyo skolebis-Tvis, sadac unda eswavlebinaT lazuri, rogorc calke ena. sa-mwuxarod, 30-40-iani wlebis sabWoTa politikis qarcecxls Se-ewira mravali ojaxi, maT Soros lazebisa; bevri maTgani Tur-qeTSi gadavida sacxovreblad, bevri ki gadaasaxles Sua aziis respublikebSi; kolmeurneoba ,,mWiTa lazistanic“ daiSala da SemdgomSi gadakeTda kindRis sabWoTa meurneobad, sadac lazTa oriode ojaxi SemorCa.