saeklesio samarTlis procesi - Tbilisi State...

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

iuridiuli fakulteti

daviT CikvaiZis sadisertacio naSromi Temaze:

saeklesio samarTlis procesi

samecniero xelmZRvaneli: iuridiul mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori

giorgi daviTaSvili

Tbilisi 2012

avtoris stili daculia

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sarCevi sadisertacio naSromSi gamoyenebul SemoklebaTa nusxa 6 Sesavali 8 1. sadisertacio naSromis aqtualoba 9 2. sadisertacio naSromis kvlevis sagani 10 3. sadisertacio naSromis kvlevis meTodebi 10 4. sadisertacio naSromis mizani 11 5. sadisertacio naSromis struqtura 11

I. saeklesio samarTlis procesis principebi 14 1. monanulis Sewynarebis savaldebulobis principi 14 2. yvela braldebis damtkicebis principi 15 3. erTi SecodebisaTvis orjer dasjis dauSveblobis principi 16 4. sasuliero piris xarisxiT CamoqveiTebis dauSveblobis principi 17 5. ganaCenis sxva adgilobriv eklesiebSi savaldebulobis principi 18

II. gansjadoba 20 1. zogadi debulebani gansjadobasTan dakavSirebiT 20 2. diakvnisa da mRvdlis saqmeebis ganxilvis uflebamosileba 22 3. episkoposis saqmeebis ganxilvis uflebamosileba 23 4. sagangebo wesebi gansjadobasTan dakavSirebiT 25 4.1. zemdgomi ierarqiisadmi mimarTva 25 4.2. sxva mRvdelmTavrisadmi mimarTva 26 4.3. winamZRvris mier saqmis ganxilvis uflebamosileba 27 5. acilebis sakiTxi 28

III. saqmis aRZvra 30 1. aRiareba, rogorc saqmis aRZvris safuZveli 31 2. braldeba, rogorc saqmis aRZvris safuZveli 32 2.1. braldebis ori saxe 32 2.2. pirebi, romelTa saeklesio braldeba ar miiReba 33 2.2.1. mwvalebeli 33 2.2.2. gandgomili 34 2.2.3. uziarebeli 36 2.2.4. borotebaSi mxilebuli 36 2.2.5. saero kanonmdeblobiT braldebaakrZaluli pirebi 37 3. saqmis aRZvris sxva safuZvlebi 38 3.1. gavrcelebuli cnoba 38 3.2. Semowmebis Sedegad miRebuli cnoba 39

IV. saqmis arsebiTi ganxilva 42 1. winapirobebi saqmis ganxilvis dasawyebad 42 1.1. braldeba werilobiTi saxiT 42 1.2. Tavis marTlebis dro da saSualeba 43 1.3. ganxilvis dro da adgili 44 2. advokatis instituti saeklesio samarTlis procesSi 46 3. sagangebo SemTxvevebi, rodesac saqmis arsebiTi ganxilva ar xdeba 47 3.1. aRiarebisas 47 3.2. braldebulis gamoucxadeblobisas 47 3.3. bralmdeblis mimalvisas 49 3.4. crubraldebis da crumowmeobisas 50 3.5. saxelmwifo sasamarTlos mier gamotanili ganaCenisas 50

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4. saqmis ganxilvis wesi 51 4.1. zogadi debulebani saqmis ganxilvis Taobaze 51 4.2. mxareTa poziciis mosmena 52 4.3. dakiTxva 53 4.4. mtkicebis tvirTi da mtkicebulebaTa gamokvleva 54

V. ganaCenis gamotana 56 1. gadawyvetilebis miRebis wesi 56 1.1. erTi mosamarTlis mier 56 1.2. krebulis mier 58 2. braldebis damtkiceba an uaryofa 59 3. sasjelis zomis gansazRvra 59 4. ganaCenis teqsti da misi savaldebulo nawilebi 62 4.1. ganaCeni RmrTis saxeliT 62 4.2. ganaCenis winapiroba an dasabuTeba 63 4.3. gankanonebis nawili 66 4.4. sinanulisken moxmoba 66 5. ganaCenis Tanmdevi procedurebi 67 5.1. gafrTxileba dasjamde 67 5.2. dainteresebul mxareTaTvis Setyobineba 69 6. saeklesio krebis 1764 wlis 18 oqtombris ganCineba zaqaria

xucesis saqmeze 69 6.1. Sesavali 70 6.2. braldeba 70 6.3. braldebaTa kanonikuri dasabuTeba 71 6.4. gankanoneba 73 6.5. daskvniTi nawili 73 7. ganaCenis ZalaSi Sesvlis sakiTxi 73

VI. gasaCivreba 74 1. SemTxvevebi, rodesac gasaCivreba ar daiSveba 74 1.1. ganaCenis mxareTa arCeuli mosamarTleebis mier gamotanisas 74 1.2. erTxmad miRebuli gadawyvetilebisas 74 1.3. saero sasamarTloSi 75 2. gasaCivrebisa da ganxilvis wesi 75 2.1. gasaCivrebis ufleba 75 2.2. gasaCivrebis vadebi 76 2.3. saqmis xelaxali ganxilva 76 3. saqmis gansaxilvelad dabruneba 78 4. SerigebiT dasruleba 78 5. kasaciis sakiTxisaTvis 80 6. gasaCivrebuli ganaCenis ZalaSi Sesvlis sakiTxi 81

VII. ganaCenis aRsruleba sasjelebis mixedviT 82 1. zogadi debulebani ganaCenis aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebiT 82 2. epitimiebis aRsrulebis wesi maTi saxeebis mixedviT 84 2.1. Setireba 84 2.2. Sevrdoma da metania 85 2.3. msmenelebTan dadgineba 85 2.4. morwmuneebTan locva ziarebis gareSe 86 2.5. morwmuneebTan locvis akrZalva 86 2.6. damatebiTi marxva 87 2.7. finansuri valdebuleba 88 2.8. Cacmuloba da garegnuli saxe 90

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2.9. sxva valdebulebebi 90 3. uziareblobis aRsrulebis wesi 91 3.1. kanonikuri gansazRvreba 91 3.2. vada da misi dineba 93 3.3. sikvdilamde uziareblobis SemTxvevebi 94 4. dayenebis (dacadebis) aRsrulebis wesi 95 4.1. calkeuli mRvdelmoqmedebisagan dayeneba 95 4.2. mRvdelmoqmedebis droebiTi akrZalva 96 4.3. dayeneba mTeli cxovrebis manZilze 97 5. gankveTis aRsrulebis wesi 97 5.1. madlmoqmedebis sakiTxi 97 5.2. gankveTilis samRvdelo xarisxSi aRdgenis sakiTxi 98 6. anaTemis aRsrulebis wesi 99 6.1. kanonikuri gansazRvreba 100 6.2. anaTemis aRsrulebis Taviseburebebi 100 7. sxva sasjelebis aRsrulebis wesi 101 7.1. sxvagan gadayvana 101 7.2. gankanonebulis wignebis akrZalva 102

VIII. Sendoba. Sewyaleba 103 1. zogadi debulebani Sendobisa da SewyalebisaTvis 103 2. Sendobis miRebis winapirobebi 104 3. Sewyalebis miRebis winapirobebi 104 3.1. kerZo debulebani SewyalebisaTvis 105 3.2. pirebi, visi Sewyalebac SeiZleba 105 3.3. Sewyalebis kanonismieri uflebamosileba 106 3.4. gamonaklisi SemTxvevebi 108 3.4.1. ganaCenis gamomtani episkoposis gardacvaleba 108 3.4.2. ganaCenis gamomtani episkoposis mier Sewyalebis

SeuZlebloba 109 4. sasamarTlo praqtika Sewyalebis Taobaze 109 5. Sendobisa da Sewyalebis gansakuTrebuli SemTxvevebi 110 5.1. mowameobis Sedegad 110 5.2. calkeul saeklesio saidumloebSi monawileobis Sedegad 110 5.2.1. aRsareba 110 5.2.2. zeTis kurTxeva 111 5.2.3. ziareba 111 5.2.4. mRvdloba 111 5.3. sikvdiliswina mdgomareobisas 112

IX. mtkicebulebebi 113 1. braldebulisa da bralmdeblis Cveneba 113 2. wignidan citata, rogorc mtkicebuleba 113 2.1. wm. werilis da saRmrTo wignebis damowmeba 114 2.2. sadavo mosazrebisa da marTlmadidebluri swavlebis

Sedarebebi 114

3. krebis swavlebis gamocema mtkicebulebis saxiT 117 4. mowmis Cveneba 118 4.1. pirebi, romlebic mowmed ar miiRebian 118 4.2. sasamarTlo praqtika mowmis Cvenebis gamoyenebis Taobaze 119 5. fici 120 5.1. kanonikuri normebi ficis gamoyenebis Taobaze 120 5.2. ficis CamorTmevis wesi 120 5.3. ficis forma da misi mniSvneloba 121

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5.4. gankanoneba cru ficisaTvis 122 6. sxva mtkicebulebebi 122 6.1. dokumenti 122 6.2. daTvaliereba 123 6.3. nivTmtkiceba 124 6.4. eqspertis daskvna 124

daskvna 126

bibliografia 132

danarTi: qarTul da rusul enebSi xmarebidan amoRebul asoTa wakiTxvis wesi

134

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sadisertacio naSromSi gamoyenebul

SemoklebaTa nusxa

qarTul enaze arqim. arqimandriti gaz. gazeTi gam. gamomcemloba gv. gverdi dasax. dasaxelebuli ep. episkoposi e.w. egreT wodebuli Tb. Tbilisi in. saxareba ioanesi, axali aRTqmis wigni in. I I kaTolike epistole ioanesi, axali aRTqmis wigni iR. iRumeni ix. ixile k˜zi kaTalikozi konst. konstantinopolis lk. saxareba lukasi, axali aRTqmis wigni mag. magaliTad mef. III III mefeTa wigni, Zveli aRTqmis wigni mT. saxareba maTesi, axali aRTqmis wigni moc. mociqulis, mociqulTa msof. msoflio naum. winaswarmetyveleba naumisa, Zveli aRTqmis wigni nik. nikeis krebis (I an VII msoflio kreba) protopr. protopresviteri prof. profesori red. redaqciiT rusT. rusTavi saqm. saqme mociqulTa, axali aRTqmis wigni ssm saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macne t. tomi trul. trulis, igive V-VI msoflio krebis tf. tfilisi Rir. Rirsi Sead. Seadare Sevs. Sevsebuli w. weli wm. wminda

berZnul enaze Αθ. Αθήναι

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rusul enaze г. город

д-ръ доктор(ъ)

еп. епископ

изд. издание

М. Москва

сост. составленный

СПб Санкт-Петербург

тип. типография

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Sesavali

saeklesio samarTali miekuTvneba religiuri samarTlis katego-rias. igi garkveuli saxecvlilebebis gaTvaliswinebiT moqmedebs TiTqmis yvela qristianul eklesiaSi. marTlmadideblur, kaTo-likur, araqalkedonur-orientalur da zog protestantul ekle-siaSi saeklesio samarTals mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia mrevlisa da eklesiis yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi. marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi saeklesio samarTali pirveli saukune-ebidanve moqmedebda. cxadia, qristianobis pirvel wlebSi eklesias ar hqonda damoukidebeli, eklesiisve wiaRSi Seqmnili saeklesio samarTlis Zeglebi da am SemTxvevaSi saeklesio samarTlis way-roebs ZiriTadad wminda werili, wes-Cveulebebi da Zveli aRTqmi-dan (moses rjuli) SemorCenili wesebi warmoadgenda. Tumca qris-tianuli Temebis gamravlebis paralelurad da gansakuTrebiT mas Semdeg, rac qristianobam saxelmwifo statusi miiRo araerT qveya-naSi, ukve Cndeba damoukidebeli qristianuli samarTlebrivi Zeg-lebi. marTlmadidebeli eklesia, miiCnevs ra Tavs uSualod mociqulTa mier gavrcelebuli moZRvrebis memkvidred, saeklesio samarTals afuZnebs mociqulTa swavlebebze da mociqulTa kanonebze. marTl-madidebeli eklesia gansakuTrebuli avtoritetiT aRiarebs msof-lio krebebis mier miRebul kanonebs. mas, saeklesio tradiciiT, ucdomelobis pativi gaaCnia.1 saqarTvelos istoriis mixedviT da saqarTvelos samociqulo ek-lesiis tradiciiT, qristianoba Cveni qveynis teritoriaze pirveli saukuneebidanve iwyebs gavrcelebas da igi uSualod uflis moci-qulebs _ wm. andria pirvelwodebulsa da wm. simon kananels ukavSirdeba. 2 saxelmwifo statusi qristianobam CvenSic IV sauku-neSi miiRo da am saqmeSi mniSvnelovania mociqulTa sworebis _ wm. nino qarTvelT ganmanaTleblis, wm. mefe mirianisa da wm. dedofal nanas Rvawli.3 CvenTvis ucnobia, ra zomiT da formiT iyo saeklesio samarTali saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli. Tumca, Tuki gavixsenebT imas, rom ukve nikeis I msoflio krebaze monawileobda umniSvnelovanesi qarTuli saeklesio kaTedris – biWvinTis episkoposi, metyvelebs imaze, rom saqarTvelos eklesia CarTuli iyo msoflio saeklesio samarTalSemoqmedebis procesSi.

1 protopresviteri mixeil pomazanski, dogmaturi RvTismetyveleba, Tb., 2006, gv.

222 2 mitropoliti anania (jafariZe), saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria,

Tb. 2009, gv. 119 3 wmidaTa cxovrebani, t. II, Tb., 2008, gv. 290-295

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saeklesio samarTalSemoqmedebis umniSvnelovanesi adgili msof-lio saeklesio kreba iyo, krebis mowvevis mizezi ki _ rogorc wesi, mniSvnelovani dogmaturi da samoZRvro sakiTxebis ganxilva.4 amitom, msoflio kreba, gansazRvravda da daadgenda ra eklesiis swavlebas, iRebda kanonebs im saWiroboroto sakiTxebze, rac im periodisTvis mniSvnelovnad CaiTvleboda. Sesabamisad, calkeul msoflio krebebze saeklesio kanonebi miiReboda aradargobrivad, vxvdebiT rogorc, Tanamedrove gagebiT, sisxlis, ise samoqalaqo da administraciul kanonebs, agreTve saproceso xasiaTis normebs. 1. sadisertacio naSromis aqtualoba sadisertacio naSromis saeklesio samarTlis sferodan SerCeva ganapiroba am dargis im mniSvnelobam, rac TvalnaTliv Cans dRe-vandel periodSi. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu rogor SeuSala xeli sabWourma da antireligiurma propagandam saeklesio samarTlis kvlevas, Sesabamisi specialistebis Camoyalibebasa da qarTuli saeklesio samarTlis mcodneTa Rirseuli skolis Seqmnas, am dargis mecnieruli damuSaveba uaRresad mniSvnelovani iqneba sa-marTlis istoriisa da Teoriis kvlevis Semdgomi ganviTa-rebisaTvis. meore mxriv, saqarTvelos saxelmwifom konstituciuri SeTanxmebiT aRiara ra saeklesio samarTali saqarTvelos samo-ciqulo marTlmadidebeli eklesiis moqmed samarTlad,5 mis mecni-erul doneze gamokvlevas praqtikuli mniSvnelobac eniWeba, radgan konstituciuri SeTanxmebis safuZvelze eklesiasa da sa-xelmwifos calkeul uwyebebs Soris ideba xelSekrulebebi da SeTanxmebebi, xdeba konstituciuri SeTanxmebis normaTa implemen-tacia qarTul samarTalSi da am normaSemoqmedebiT procesSi di-dad sasurvelia Sesabamisi saeklesio kanonebis codna da gamoye-neba. garda zemoaRniSnulisa, saeklesio samarTlis mecnieruli kvleva aucilebelia im memkvidreobis gasagrZeleblad, rac Cvens ers gad-moeca Tavisi didi winaprebisgan, romlebsac mniSvnelovani wvli-li aqvT Setanili qarTuli samarTlebrivi azrovnebis ganviTare-baSi. amasTan, vfiqrobT, mniSvnelovani iqneba saeklesio normebis saero normaSemoqmedebiT procesSi gaTvaliswineba, raTa erTi mxriv, saTanadod iqnes gamoyenebuli saeklesio samarTlis miR-wevebi, meore mxriv ki yuradRebis miRma ar darCeba samarTlis im sferos kanonebi, romelic gansazRvra marTlmadideblobam da amiT garkveulwilad Camoayaliba qarTuli erovnuli msoflmxedveloba samarTlismcodneobaSi.

4 msoflio saeklesio krebebi. dogmaturi RmrTismetyveleba, Semdg. grigol

ruxaZe, Tb., 2004, gv. 6 5 ix. saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokefalur

marTlmadidebel eklesias Soris konstituciuri SeTanxmebis 1-li muxlis me-3 punqti, ssm, 2002, #108

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rac Seexeba sakuTriv sadisertacio naSromis Tematikas _ saekle-sio samarTlis process, igi SerCeul iqna imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom saproceso normebi, zogadad, mniSvnelovania samarTlis dar-gis kvlevisTvis, mis Sesaxeb ufro sruli da zusti warmodgenis Sesaqmnelad. saproceso normebis gamoyenebiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, xdeba samarTlebrivi darRvevis gamovlena, gamoZieba, ganxilva, gadawyvetilebis miReba _ samarTlianobis aRdgena da am gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba. am yovelives SeswavliT ki moxdeba saeklesio samarTlis mniSvnelovani mimarTulebis gamokvleva. saekleso samarTlis procesis mecnierul doneze gamokvleva praqtikul xasiaTsac atarebs _ dResdReobiT saeklesio sasa-marTlo saqarTveloSi damoukidebeli saxiT ar arsebobs da sa-samarTlo funqciebi SeTavsebuli aqvT adgilobriv mRvdel-mTavarsa 6 da wm. sinods. 7 im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gadawyda saeklesio sasamarTlos aRdgena, amas xels Seuwyobs saeklesio saproceso normebis mecnieruli damuSaveba. bunebrivia, saeklesio samarTlis procesis kvlevisas SeuZlebelia acde saeklesio sasamarTlos. saeklesio sasamarTlosa da sasa-marTlo organizaciis sakiTxebi imdenad mniSvnelovania, rom mas calke kvleva sWirdeba. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom warmodgenili naSromi mxolod saeklesio samarTlis process eZRvneba, masSi gamoyenebul iqneba saeklesio sasamarTlos Sesaxeb berZnul da rusul samecniero literaturaSi arsebuli Sromebi, winamdebare sadisertacio Temidan gamomdinare saWiroebis gaTvaliswinebiT. 2. sadisertacio naSromis kvlevis sagani sadisertacio naSromis kvlevis sagans warmoadgens saeklesio samarTlis institutebi. kerZod, saeklesio samarTlis saproceso normebi, procesualuri principebi, saqmis ganxilvis stadiebi, ganaCenis aRsrulebis dogmatur-kanonikuri mimoxilva, mtkicebule-bebi. naSromis kvlevis obieqti ki aris is saeklesio kanonebi, romlebic Tavisi SinaarsiT miekuTvneba saproceso normaTa kate-gorias, agreTve sasamarTlo praqtika saqarTveloSi da msoflio saeklesio krebebze. 3. sadisertacio naSromis kvlevis meTodebi saeklesio samarTlis kvlevis dros umeteswilad gamoiyeneba is-toriuli meTodi, kerZod, kvlevis dros Seiswavleba konkretuli saproceso institutis istoriuli ganviTareba. zogadad, TiToeul sakiTxze msjelobisas, Seiswavleba instituti, rogorc aseTi, xo-

6 ix. saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokefaluri eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis

debuleba (SemdgomSi _ marTva-gamgeobis debuleba), Tavi VII, $17, teqsti aq da SemdgomSi moyvanilia saitidan:Lhttp://www.patriarchate.ge/

7 ix. marTva-gamgeobis debuleba, Tavi II, $7 - $9

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lo Semdeg misi ganviTareba istoriuli TvalsazrisiT Sesabamisi adgilobrivi eklesiebis magaliTze. gamoyenebul iqneba logikuri meTodic, radgan samarTlebrivi msjeloba am meTodis gareSe, praqtikulad warmoudgenelia. gamo-yenebuli iqneba SedarebiTi meTodic. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom samarTlis sxva dargebisagan gansxva-vebiT saeklesio samarTlis mecnierul kvlevaSi gamoiyeneba kidev erTi – dogmaturi meTodi. dogmaturi RvTismetyveleba saeklesio samarTalTan axlos mdgomi mecnierebaa, igi Seiswavlis eklesiis moZRvrebas, romelic xSir SemTxvevaSi, Tavis mxriv, safuZvelia konkretuli kanonikuri normisa. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom yvela msoflio saeklesio krebas (romelic Tavis mxriv, warmoadgens ek-lesiis umaRles sakanonmdeblo organos) win uswrebda dogmaturi swavlebis sawinaaRmdego swavlebis gavrceleba, aucilebelia, rom kanonikuri normebi am meTodiTac iqnes gamokvleuli. 4. sadisertacio naSromis mizani sadisertacio naSromis mizania gamokvleul iqnes saeklesio sa-marTlis mTeli procesi, romelic moicavs yvela saproceso moq-medebas, dawyebuli saqmis aRZvridan dasrulebuli ganaCenis aR-srulebiT. amasTan, uaRresad mniSvnelovania isic, rom naSromSi TiToeuli saproceso moqmedebis gamokvlevis paralelurad ganxi-luli iqneba msoflio saeklesio krebebis oqmebi da saqarTvelos eklesiis sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebi, romlebic mniSvnelovani wyaroa sxvadasxva saproceso moqmedebebis Sesaswavlad. aRsaniS-navia, rom, Tavis mxriv, es iqneba am wyaroTa pirveli Seswavla sa-marTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT. 5. sadisertacio naSromis struqtura sadisertacio naSromi Sedgeba sarCevis, gamoyenebul SemoklebaTa nusxis, Sesavlis, 9 Tavis, daskvnis, bibliografiisa da danar-Tisagan. I Tavi eZRvneba saeklesio samarTlis process, sadac ganxilulia is specifikuri principebi, rac axasiaTebs saeklesio samarTals da mis process. sul ganxilulia 5 principi. II TavSi Seswavlilia gansjadobis sakiTxebi. calke qveTavebad aris gamoyofili is SemTxvevebi, rodesac gansaxilveli sakiTxi gansxvavebulad wesrigdeba, kerZod saeklesio saqmis mxolod sa-eklesio sasamarTlos mier ganxilva, diakvnisa da mRvdlis saqmis ganxilvis uflebamosileba da episkoposis saqmis ganxilvis ufle-bamosileba. qarTuli saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebis analizis Sedegad mignebuli gansjadobis gansxvavebuli wesebi mocemulia qveTavSi _ sagangebo wesebi gansjadobasTan dakavSirebiT. am TavSi

12

calke qveTavad aris gamotanili acilebasTan dakavSirebuli sa-kiTxebi. III Tavi exeba saqmis aRZvris sakiTxebs. ganxilulia aRiareba da braldeba, rogorc saqmis aRZvris safuZvlebi. braldebis sakiTxis qveTavSi detalurad aris ganxiluli saeklesio samarTlis nor-mebi imis Taobaze, Tu vis aqvs da ar aqvs ufleba iyos bral-mdebeli saeklesio saqmeze. amave TavSia msjeloba gavrcelebul cnobaze, rogorc saqmis aRZvris safuZvelze da ganxilulia Se-sabamisi samecniero literatura da saeklesio sasamarTlo praq-tika, xolo rac Seexeba am Tavis Semdeg qveTavs _ saqmis aRZvris sxva safuZvels, aRniSnulSi mocemulia aseve calkeul mecnierTa da sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa analizis Sedegad dadgenili sa-fuZvlebi. saqmis arsebiT ganxilvas eTmoba naSromis IV Tavi. masSi moce-mulia msjeloba da analizi, ris safuZvelzec Camoyalibebulia is mniSvnelovani winapirobebi, romelTa arseboba aucilebelia saqmis arsebiTad gansaxilvelad: braldebis teqsti, Tavis marT-lebis dro da saSualeba, saqmis ganxilvis dro da adgili, ag-reTve amave qveTavSia ganxiluli advokatis sakiTxic. calke qve-Tavad aris gamotanili is sakiTxebi, romlebic exeba SemTxvevebs, rodesac saqmis arsebiTi ganxilva ar xdeba. rac Seexeba uSualod saqmis ganxilvis wess, aRniSnulSi ganxi-lulia am Tematikaze saeklesio kanonebi, mecnierTa Sexedulebebi da saeklesio sasamarTlo praqtikis kritikuli analizi. naSromis calke _ VI Tavi eTmoba ganaCenis miRebis wess. masSi gan-xilulia gadawyvetilebis miRebis wesi rogorc erTi mosamarTlis, ise krebulis mier, aseve braldebis damtkicebas da sasjelis gansazRvras. calke qveTavSia ganxiluli ganaCenis teqstis saval-debulo nawilebi da Tanmdevi procedurebi, rac, rogorc wesi, mosdevs ganaCenis gamotanas. VII TavSi detalurad aris ganxiluli ganaCenis aRsrulebis wesi TiToeuli sasjelis da epitimiis mixedviT. VIII Tavi eZRvneba Sendobasa da Sewyalebas. ganxilulia sxvaoba am or termins Soris, winapirobebi orivesTvis. agreTve, calke qve-Tavi aqvs daTmobili Sendobisa da Sewyalebis gansakuTrebul Sem-Txvevebs. naSromis bolo, IX Tavi exeba mtkicebulebebs. masSi ganxilulia rogorc saeklesio samarTlisTvis maxasiaTebeli specifikuri mtkicebulebebi, rogorebicaa wm. wignidan citatis moxmoba, ro-gorc mtkicebuleba da krebis mier swavlebis gamocema mtkicebu-lebis saxiT, ise sayovelTaod gavrcelebuli mtkicebulebis for-mebi _ mowmis Cveneba, fici da sxva.

13

naSroms Tan erTvis daskvna, sadac mokled aris Camoyalibebuli, ramdenad iqna miRweuli dasaxuli mizani da ra siaxleebs Seicavs sadisertacio naSromi. sadisertacio naSroms Tan erTvis bibliografia, sadac biblio-grafiuli wyaroebi dalagebulia Tematurad, xolo TiToeul Te-matikaSi _ enis mixedviT. sadisertacio naSroms agreTve axlavs danarTi, sadac sadiserta-cio naSromis amokiTxvis gasaioleblad mocemulia qarTul da rusul enebze im asoTa wakiTxvis wesi, romelic gvxvdeba Zvel wayroebSi, aRniSnulis Sesaxeb miTiTebulia sadisertacio naS-romSi da amJamad amoRebulia xmarebidan.

14

I. saeklesio samarTlis procesis

principebi

saeklesio samarTlis process, msgavsad sxva saproceso samarT-lisa, gaaCnia Tavisi principebi, amosavali debulebebi, romlis sa-fuZvelzec xorcieldeba saeklesio samarTalwarmoeba. imis gaTva-liswinebiT, rom mkvlevarTa udidesi nawili ar msjelobs saek-lesio samarTlis procesis principebis Taobaze, Cven SevecadeT didi sjuliskanonis normebis analizis safuZvelze gamogveyo sa-eklesio procesis, Cveni azriT, yvelaze mniSvnelovani da Ziri-Tadi principebi. isini SerCeul iqna saeklesio samarTlis proce-sis specifikis mixedviT, anu iseTi principuli sakiTxebi, rom-lebic sakuTriv saeklesio samarTals da mis process axasiaTebs. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom saxelwodebebi, rogorc wesi, princi-pebs calke gamoyofili ar aqvs, isini Cvens mier iqna SerCeuli da, Sesabamisad, pirobiTia. 1. monanulis Sewynarebis savaldebulobis principi saeklesio samarTlisTvis, iseve rogorc Tavad marTlmadidebeli eklesiisaTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs imas, rom qris-tiani jansaRi cxovrebis wesiT cxovrobdes da asrulebdes ek-lesiis mier dadgenil mcnebebs. msoflio saeklesio krebebis mier damtkicda swavleba, romlis mixedviTac aRiarebulia, rom yoveli adamiani scodavs, maT Soris wmindanebic, 8 xolo es swavleba, Ta-vis mxriv, efuZneba wminda werils.9 amitomac eklesiaSi dadgeni-lia, rom savaldebuloa Secodebis monanie qristianis Sewynareba, rac ar unda mZimed hqondes Secodebuli. cxadia, igulisxmeba ise-Ti SemTxveva, roca monanieba gulwrfelia. mociqulTa 52-e kanoniT ganisazRvra, rom: `ukueTu vinme episko-posman anu xucesman moqceuli codvisagan ara Seiwynaros, aramed ganÃados, ganikueTen~10. amgvari kanonis gamocemis safuZvlad, epis-kopos nikodimos milaSis mixedviT, yofila `zogierTi gnostikuri seqtis mkacri damokidebuleba codvis CamdenTa mimarT (aRar surdaT maTi dabruneba TavianT sazogadoebaSi)~. 11 amave paToss gadmoscems V-VI msoflio krebis 43-e kanonic, romelmac gansazR-vra, rom: `Ãelewifebis da Seetyuebis yovelsa qristeanesa aRebaÁ moRuawebrivisa cxorebisaÁ da mravalSfoTiansa Relvasa sawu-ToTa saqmeTa gangdebaÁ... daRaTu friad ZÂr-ZÂrTaca vin dacemaTa STavrdomil iyos, rameTu macxovarman RmerTman Cuenman Tqua,

8 ix. karTagenis 114-e, 115-e da 116-e kanonebi, didi sjuliskanoni, e. gabiZaSvilis

red., gam. `mecniereba~, Tb., 1972, gv. 344-346 (SemdgomSic didi sjuliskanonidan citatebi moyvanili iqneba am gamocemidan)

9 ix. I in. 1, 8-9; III mef. 8, 36 10 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 222 11 marTlmadidebeli eklesiis kanonebi episkopos nikodimis (milaSi) ganmar-

tebebiT, I tomi, Tb., 2007, gv. 103

15

viTarmed `mosruli Cemda ara ganvaZo gare~. 12 mociqulTa 52-e ka-nonis komentirebisas, berZeni kanonisti balsamoni imowmebs dog-matur ganmartebas, romelic ambobs, rom `ar aris codva romelic Zlevs RmrTis kacTmoyvarebas~. 13 es debuleba samarTlebrivad gu-lisxmobs imas, rom sasuliero pirs ufleba ar aqvs ganusjelad gaaZevos vinme eklesiidan, codvis simZimis miuxedavad, miT umetes, Tu igi inaniebs Tavis Secodebas. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, saek-lesio samarTlis es principi uzrunvelyofs imas, rom qristiani daculi iyos ganuxilvelad dasjisagan da hqondes mas saSualeba, rom codvis simZimis miuxedavad darCes eklesiis wevrad. 2. yvela braldebis damtkicebis principi es principi asaxulia karTagenis 130-e kanonSi. igi adgens wess, rom erTi bralmdeblis yvela braldeba, romelic waeyeneba sasu-liero Tu saero pirs, unda damtkicdes erTad, rac imas niSnavs, rom aRniSnul braldebaTagan Tuki romelimes damtkiceba ver SeZlo bralmdebelma, maSin mis mier wardgenili yvela braldeba miuReblad da daumtkiceblad CaiTvleba: `romelman erTisa bra-lisa gamoCinebaÁ ver uZlos, sxÂsaTÂs arRara Sewynarebul iqmnes... raodengzisca vieTme moyuasTa eklesiisaTa mravalni Sesmenani zeda-daesxnen SemasmenelTa mier da erTisa maTganisa, romlisaTÂs pirvel qmnil iyos sityuaÁ, gamoCinebaÁ ver uZlon, sxuaTa Sina nuRara Sewynarebul iqmnebian amis Semdgomad.~ 14 am kanonis komen-tirebisas episkoposi nikomidosi imowmebs balsamoniseul Zalian mniSvnelovan ganmartebas: `Zveli samarTlis Tanaxmad bralm-debeli Cveulebriv waradgenda werilobiT gancxadebas (berZn. _ engrafa), rom daisjeboda imave sasjeliT, rac daekisreboda braldebuls, Tu mis mier wardgenili saCivari ar iqneboda damt-kicebuli; aseT SemTxvevaSi, e.i. usafuZvlo saCivris dros bral-mdebeli iTvleboda RirsebaCamorTmeulad da Sesabamisad aRar hqonda ufleba waredgina sxva raime braldeba vinmes winaaRmdeg. Tuki bralmdebels winaswar ar hqonda wardgenili zemoxsenebuli gancxadeba, xolo saCivari usafuZvlo aRmoCndeboda, maSin igi Ca-iTvleboda cilismwameblad da RirsebaCamorTmeulad, da Sesabami-sad aRar eqneboda ufleba saCivris wardgenisa~. 15 aq ganmartebu-lia karTagenis 130-e kanonis faqtobrivad pirveli nawili, sadac saubari iyo erTi piris mier wardgenili usafuZvlo braldebis Semdeg amave pirisgan sxva braldebis miuReblobis SemTxvevaze. Tumca mniSvnelovania am kanonis meore nawilic, sadac aRniSnulia, rom ramdenime braldebis arsebobisas, Tuki pirveli ar mtkicdeba, maSin arc sxva braldebebs aqvT Zala. am nawilis mcire ganmarteba arsebobs slavur `kormCaiaSi~, sadac naTqvamia, rom `radgan

12 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 389. wm. werilis moyvanili citata aRebulia ioanes

saxarebis me-6 Tavis 37-e muxlidan. 13 Σύνταγμα των Θειών και Ιέρων Κανόνων, Γ.Α.Ράλλη, Μ.Πότλη, τόμος Β΄, Αθ., 1966, gv. 69 14 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 352 15 Правила Православной Церкви с толкованиями Никодима, епископа Далматинско-Истрийского,

перевод с сербского, том II, изд. Свято-Троицкой Сергиевой Лавры, gv. 272

16

[bralmdebeli] cilismwamebeli aRmoCnda, amis gamo uRirsia igi da verc sxvas daamtkicebs~.16 saproceso TvalsazrisiT es SeiZleba gavigoT ise, rom pirveli braldebis ganxilvis Semdeg, Tuki igi ver iqna saTanado wesiT damtkicebuli, sxva danarCeni braldebebis ganxilva Sewydeba. 3. erTi SecodebisTvis orjer dasjis dauSveblobis principi es erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi principia saeklesio samarTalSi. igi saTaves jer kidev Zveli aRTqmidan iRebs 17 , xolo saeklesio samarTalSi asaxva hpova araerT kanonSi. Tumca am princips iseTi klasikuri saxe ar aqvs, rogorc es dResaa. im periodisTvis amgvari principi gulisxmobda imas, rom erTi SecodebisTvis qristianis mimarT ar unda gamoyenebuliyo ormagi sasjeli, anu orjer ar unda dasjiliyo. kanonikur debulebas, romelic adgens am princips, vxvdebiT mociqulTa 25-e kanonSi, romlis mixedviTac èpiskoposi, anu xucesi, anu diakoni, romeli siZvasa, anu cruficobasa, anu parvasa daepyras, ganikueTen da nu uziarebel iqmnebin, rameTu ityÂs werili: àra Suri iZio erTbamad orgzis~.18 aseve samRvdelo dasis warmomadgenlebi.~ marTalia, am kanonSi mxolod sam Secodebazea miTiTeba, magram Cveni azriT, erTi SecodebisTvis orjer dasjis dauSveblobis principi vrcel-deboda sxva saxis Secodebebzec. sainteresoa, rom episkoposi nikodimosi amis Taobaze amtkicebs, rom àm kanonis lmobieri ganweseba exeba mxolod amave kanonSi moxseniebul danaSaulebs, radgan, imavdroulad, mociqulTa kanonebSi (29-e da 30-e) moxseniebulia sxva saxis danaSaulobani, romlis Camdenic ormag sasjels iRebs gankveTasa da ganyenebas. aseT danaSaulTa ricxvs miekuTvneba, magaliTad, simonia.~ 19 mociqulTa 25-e kanonis komentirebisas balsamonic imave azrs aviTarebs, Tumca im gansxvavebiT, rom balsamonis azriT, marTalia, sxva danaSaulebisTvis orjer SeiZleba moxdes dasja, magram es wesi (anu orjer ardasjis) ar vrceldeba mxolod am kanonSi miTi-Tebul sam Secodebaze, aramed sxva SemTxvevebzec, ris dastu-radac mas moxmobili aqvs basili didis kanonebi. 20 wm. basili didi ki detalurad ganmartavs amis mizezs: `Zueli ars kanoni ese, romeli samRdeloÁsa xarisxisagan damÃobilTaTÂs mxolod mas oden kma-iyofs saxesa mtanjvelobisasa SedgomiTa, viTar vhgoneb, pirveliTganisa mis sjulisaÁTa, romeli ityÂs, viTarmed àra dahsajo erTbamad orgzis~ da kualad sxÂsa mizezisaTÂs, rameTu eriskacTa dasisagani, ganiÃadnen raÁ adgilisagan ucTomelTa mor-

16 Кормчая (Номоканонъ), отпечатана съ подлинника Патрiарха Iосифа, изд. пятое, Воскресенiе,

СПб, 2004, gv. 470 17 naum. 1:9 18 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 218 19 Правила Православной Церкви с толкованиями Никодима, dasax. naSromi, gv. 63 20 Σύνταγμα των Θειών και Ιέρων Κανόνων, Γ.Α.Ράλλη, Μ.Πότλη, τόμος Β΄, Αθ., 1966, gv. 32-33

17

wmuneTaÁsa, Semdgomad Senanebisa kualad Sewynarebul iqmnebian adgilsa mas, romlisaganca gancÂves. xolo diakonsa erTgzis mieÃadebis patiJi gankueTisaÁ da amisTÂs, viTarca arRara kualadgebadsa masve xarisxsa diakonobisasa, mxolod esde oden SurisgebaÁ ganuCines~. 21 ufro metic, aristines am principis daucveloba qristianobasTan SeuTavsebladac ki miaCnia da mociqulTa 25-e kanonis komentirebisas aRniSnavs, rom `[Semcode] ar SeiZleba uziareblobiTac daisajos, radgan am gziT ar moxdes misi orgzis dasja, rac sruliad ewinaaRmdegeba kacTmoyvarebas~.22 mociqulTa 25-e kanonis imgvari interpretacia, rasac Cven vamtkicebT, qristianTaTvis rom bevrad misaRebi iyo, adasturebs qarTuli saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi. magaliTad, ruis-urbnisis Zeglisweris pirvelive kanoni, romlis Tanaxmadac moxda uRirsi mRvdelmTavrebis gankveTa. sagulisxmoa, rom odnav qvemoT sagangebod aris aRniSnuli: `xolo ara krul vyveniT da arca SevaCueneniT, nu iyofin, aramed litonTa eriskacTa Tana ziarebad flobil vyveniT~23. iq, sadac saubaria mRvdelmTavarTa uRirsebaze, ar aris miTiTebuli konkretuli Secodebebi. amdenad, Tuki miviC-nevT, rom milaSis mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom erTi Secode-bisaTvis orjer dasjis dauSveblobis principi ar aris sazogado, aramed nakarnaxevia konkretuli viTarebidan, maSin ruis-urbnisis ZeglisweraSic, sadac miTiTebuli ar aris gankveTil mRvdel-mTavarTa calkeuli Secodebebi, gamoyenebul unda yofiliyo sazogado wesi _ anu maTi orjer dasjis zoma. am mxriv, gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa dosiTeos nekreselis ganCineba petre mRvdlis sasisxlo saqmeze, sadac aRniSnulia, rom `nikolaos mRvdels sisxli ergeboda, magram ar miveciT: erTi rom mRvdelia, meored, oris sarjelis miÃda ara brZanebul ars~.24 4. sasuliero piris xarisxiT CamoqveiTebis dauSveblobis principi marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi dawesebulia mRvdlobis saidumlo, romelic sami qirotoniisagan Sedgeba.25 saeklesio kanonebSi mZime SecodebisTvis sasuliero pirebis mimarT gansazRvrulia gankveTa sasuliero xarisxidan. rogorc qalkedonis msoflio krebis 29-e kanonidan irkveva, im periodisTvis eklesiaSi arsebobda praqtika, romlis mixedviTac sasuliero pirebis braldebis damtkicebis SemTxvevaSi xarisxiT CamoaqveiTebdnen, mag.: episkoposs mRvdlamde, an diakvnamde. msoflio krebas aRniSnuli viTareba gaacno konstantinopolelma mTavarepiskoposma anatolim. manve dasZina,

21 ix. didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 475 22 Σύνταγμα των Θειών και Ιέρων Κανόνων, Γ.Α.Ράλλη, Μ.Πότλη, τόμος Β΄, Αθ., 1966, gv. 33 23 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, tomi III (saeklesio sakanonmdeblo Zeglebi),

teqstebi gamosca, SeniSvnebi da saZieblebi daurTo prof. i. doliZem, Tb., 1970, gv. 115, ix. agreTve, didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 550

24 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, tomi V (sasamarTlo ganCinebani), teqstebi ga-mosca da SeniSvnebi daurTo prof. i. doliZem, Tb., 1974, gv. 550

25 prof. panaiotis i. bumisi, kanonikuri samarTali, Tb., 2007, gv. 127

18

rom Tu garkveuli piri uRirsad iqna cnobili saepiskoposo pativisTvis, SeuZlebelia igi Rirsi iyos mRvdlobisa. amitom man SesTavaza wminda krebas, rom aekrZalaT amgvari praqtika, rac msoflio krebam erTxmad daamtkica.26 5. ganaCenis sxva adgilobriv eklesiebSi savaldebulobis principi eklesia, rogorc qristianuli swavlebidan cnobilia, warmoadgens erTian mistikur sxeuls, 27 igi SeerTebulia evqaristiis saidum-loTi da locviTi urTierTobiT. amitom erT avtokefalur ekle-siaSi gamotanili ganaCeni savaldebuloa sxva eklesiebSic. avto-kefaluri eklesia ar warmoadgens damoukidebel eklesias, igi mxolod TviTmwyemsobis uflebiT sargeblobs. 28 marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi aris erTidaigive moZRvreba, amitomac SeuZlebelia qristiani ziarebis an mRdvlobis uRirsi iyos erTgan, xolo meoregan ki Rirsi iyos. eklesiaSi moqmedebs wesi, romlis mixedviTac araTu sxva avtokefaluri eklesiaSi, aramed TviT sxva saepiskoposoSic ki arc saero da arc sasuliero pirs ar aziareben Tavisi mmarTveli episkoposis werilis gareSe, ro-melSic dadasturebuli iqneba, rom mocemul pirs aqvs Sesabamisad ziarebis an mRvdelmoqmedebis ufleba. 29 am mxriv sainteresoa `kaTalikosTa samarTlis~ me-9 muxli, romelic ukrZalavs epis-koposs Caerios sxva episkoposis saqmeebSi. sainteresoa am mxriv qarTuli saeklesio samarTlis sxva wyaroebic: 1702 w. kaTalikos evdemozis mier mowveuli saeklesio krebis me-5 kanoniT `romelmac Tavadma, gina efiskopozman anu didman anu mcireman iqidam mamisa krebisa Seundobari da gamovardnili da am wyevas qveS danarCunebuli beri miuSvas da Seiwynaros, isic misi monawile da Tanaziari iyos~. 30 aq ori detalia saintereso. pir-veli is, rom es kanoni mosdevs winamdebare kanonebs, sadac akr-Zalulia beris mier monastrebSi siaruli da Semdeg dadgenilia sasjeli amis damrRvevTa mimarT, anu me-5 kanoni aris erTgvari danaskvi wina kanonebisa. mniSvnelovania, agreTve, isic, rom am saeklesio wesis dacvas kreba avalebs aramxolod sasuliero pirebs, aramed saero pirebsac _ Tavadebs, didTa da mcireTa. sainteresoa 1748 wels mefe erekle II-isa da patriarq antonis iniciativiT mowveuli saeklesio krebis me-15 kanoni, romelic adgens amave wess: `ukeTu vieTnime mRdelni bralsa, gina risaTÂsme mizezisa mRdelobisagan dayenebul iyvnen, nurvin ikadrebs episko-

26 ix. episkoposi nikodimosi (milaSi), dasax. naSromi, gv. 395-396 27 protopr. mixeil pomazanski, dasax. naSromi, gv. 203-206 28 amis Sesaxeb ix. Βλασίου Φείδα, Το «Αυτοκεφάλον» και «Αυτονόμον» εν τη Ορθόδοξω Εκκλησία,

Ιεροσ. 1979 29 Sead. p. bumisi, dasax. naSromi, gv. 95-96 30 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III, gv. 634

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posTagani micemad misa samRdelosa olarisa 31 , rameTu arca erTi romelime saidumlo ara aResrulebis mis mier, aramed sruliad dayenebul ars.~32 msgavsi Sinaarsis Canawers vxvdebiT ganCinebebSic. kerZod, tyveTa gayidvisTvis afxazeTis kaTalikosma maqsimem 1776 wlis 28 de-kembris SeCvenebis wigniT anaTemas gadasca kacia CiCua. SeCvenebis daskvniT nawilSi ki vkiTxulobT: `aw romelmac Cveni SeCveneba Se-uracxoT da ara ekrZalneT viTa gancofebulsa ZaRlsa, Tqvendaca iyavn wyeva ese da SvilTa TqvenTa zeda. amin~. 33 Tumca, aqve unda aRniSnos, rom msgavsi Sinaarsis daskvniTi nawili Zalian xSirad gvxvdeba qarTul rogorc saero, ise saeklesio xasiaTis sasa-marTlo ganCinebebSi.

31 olari, igive epitraqili _ samRvdelo Sesamoselis nawili, ornawiliani da

kiserze Camosadebi, romelsac mRvdelmsaxuri ikeTebs nebismieri saeklesio wesis Sesrulebis win.

32 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III, gv. 801 33 iqve, gv. 910

20

II. gansjadoba

saeklesio samarTlis procesSi samarTlis sxva saproceso dargebis msgavsad, mniSvnelovan sakiTxs warmoadgens gansjadoba, anu vin SeiZleba iyos ama Tu im saqmis ganmxilveli organo. Tav-dapirvelad unda iTqvas, rom saeklesio marTlmsajulebis uf-lebamosileba mieniWa mociqulebs. 34 mociqulTagan ki igi gadaeca mxolod episkoposebs, romlebic srulad floben samociqulo madls, ramdenadac isini iTvlebian mociqulTa memkvidreebad. 35 swored amis gamo, berdnikovi miiCnevs, rom `saeklesio sasamarTlo, rogorc macxovris sityvebidanac Cans, ZiriTadad efuZneba saRm-rTo uflebamosilebas, igi aris RmrTis sasamarTlo.~36 saqmis ganxilvis uflebamosilebasTan dakavSirebiT, saeklesio kanonmdebloba adgens ramdenime mniSvnelovan debulebas: 1. zogadi debulebani gansjadobasTan dakavSirebiT karTagenis me-15 kanonis Tanaxmad, sasjels eqvemdebareba is sa-suliero piri, romelic saeklesio saqmis ganxilvis saWiroebisas gverds auvlis saeklesio sasamarTlos: `TiToeulTaTÂs dasTa msaxurad eklesiisa ganCinebulTa da viTarmed, ukueTu vinme gan-sakiTxavsa saqmesa STavardes da ijmnas saeklesioÁsa samsjav-roÁsagan, uÃms egeviTarsa mas zRueul-yofaÁ TÂsisa pativisagan~. 37 episkoposi nikodimosi am kanonis komentirebisas aRniSnavs, rom `es sulac ar gulisxmobs imas, rom eklesias surs Tavisi msa-xurebi mudmivad da yovelmxriv gaaTavisuflos saero sasa-marTlosagan da ar uSvebs, rom isinic SeiZleba daeqvemdebaron amgvar sasamarTlos; vinaidan arsebobs saqmeebi, romlebic Tavisi SinaarsiT eqvemdebarebian saero sasamarTlos, magaliTad saxel-mwifoebrivi danaSaulebi, romelTa gansja arasdros auRia ek-lesias Tavis Tavze.~38 am mxriv udavod sainteresoa kaTalikos anton II-is 1795 wlis 21 ianvris brZaneba mimbaS beJan amilaxoriSvilisadmi, saidanac Cans, rom vinme daTuna gverdwiTels mRvdeli Semokvdomia, imereTSi gaqceula da wereTelTan imaleboda. kaTalikosi avalebs mimbaSs: `Sen unda gardaxvide imereTs da gardamoiyvano~,39 Semdeg avalebs sxvadasxva saqmeebs da bolos Zalian sainteresod ganmartavs mi-zezs, Tu ratom aiRo saero sasamarTlos mier Sesasrulebeli saq-

34 ix. mT. 18:18, agreTve, saqm. 5:1-11 35 Sead. I msof. krebis me-5 (didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 232), II msof. krebis me-6 (iqve,

gv. 261-262) da III msof. krebis 1-li (iqve, gv. 264) kanonebi 36 Краткiй курсъ церковнаго права, сост. проф. И.С.Бердниковъ, Казань, тип. Императорскаго

Университета, 1888, gv. 180 37 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 296 38 Правила Православной Церкви с толкованиями Никодима, dasax. naSromi, gv. 158 39 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III, gv. 1022

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me TviTon: `amisTvis ufro viRwviT am saqmezed, rom cxovarTaTvis warwymedulTa moZiebad movida RmerTi da amgvaris moqmedis kacisa Cvendamo brZanebul ars samarTali da ara sxuaTagan~.40 gansaxilvel sakiTxs exeba, agreTve, antioqiis me-5 da konstan-tinopolis orgzisi krebis me-9 kanonebi. antioqiis me-5 kanoni exeba im sasuliero pirebs, romlebic gaeq-cevian kanonier episkoposebs da maTgan daukiTxavad aRmarTaven sa-kurTxevlebs an moawyoben krebebs. kanonis bolos miTiTebulia, rom `xolo ukueTu egos SfoTebasa da aRZrvasa zeda eklesiisasa gareSisa da soflioÁsa Ãelmwifebisa mier, viTarca meSfoTe, gani-wuarTen~.41 aq, rogorc vxedavT, pirdapir aris mowodeba saero xe-lisuflebisadmi, rom areulobis SemTxvevaSi man gamoiyenos Tavisi Zalaufleba wesrigisa da samarTlianobis aRsadgenad. rac Seexeba konstantinopolis orgzisi krebis me-9 kanons, masSi sau-baria fizikuri Zaladobis Semcvel danaSaulebze, risTvisac saeklesio sasjelia dadgenili. Tumca, kreba dasZens, rom `xolo ukueTu yovliTurT daumorCilebelni da wurTasa gankanonebisasa ara moudrkebodin, amasa soflioTa mTavarTa mier maT adgilTasa Cueulebisaebr maTisa wurTasa aravin ayenebs~.42 sagulisxmoa, rom am kanonis dasasrul orgzis krebas moxmobili aqvs swored rom antioqiis me-5 kanoni. SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom saeklesio xasiaTis yvela sasamarTlo procesi unda Sesruldes saeklesio marTlmsajulebis mier. gamo-naklisia mxolod mkafiod gamoxatuli saero xasiaTis qmedebebi. sagulisxmoa, rom am debulebas ufro lakonurad ayalibebs kar-Tagenis 104-e kanoni, romlis Tanaxmadac Tu sasuliero piri iT-xovs mefisagan saero samsjavroSi Tavisi saqmis garCevas, waer-Tmeva misi pativi. xolo Tu mefisagan saepiskoposo samsjavros moiTxovs, nu aekrZaleba es mas.43 am mxriv sainteresoa mefe erekle II-is ganCineba alaverdel episkopos nikolaozsa da nekresel episkopos dosiTeoss Soris davis Sesaxeb. ganCinebis SesavalSi sa-gangebod aris aRniSnuli, rom mefes Tanaganmxilvelad hyavda ka-Tolikos-patriarqi antoni da rom `CuenTana SekrebulTa yov-ladsamRudeloTa da saqarTvelos msajulT TandaswrebiT movis-mineT da gamoviZieT sarCeli~.44 marTalia, uSualod ganCinebis teq-stidan ar irkveva, magram rogorc Cans, mefe erekles saqme saek-lesio wesebis gaTvaliswinebiT gamoukvlevia, rakiRa procesze Ta-vad kaTalikosi da sasuliero pirebi hyavda miwveuli. saintereso mosazrebas aviTarebs berdnikovi, romelic aRniSnavs, rom `saeklesio sasamarTloSi aucilebelia ganvasxvavoT saerTo

40 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III, gv. 1023 41 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 248 42 iqve, gv. 442 43 iqve, gv. 341 44 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. V, gv. 262

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sasamarTlo yvela morwmunisaTvis da sagangebo sasamarTlo eklesiis msaxurTaTvis~.45 2. diakvnisa da mRvdlis saqmeebis ganxilvis uflebamosileba saeklesio wesebiTa da kanonebiT dadgenilia, rom mRvdelsa da diakons xels asxams mxolod erTi episkoposi. 46 Sesabamisad, dia-konica da mRvdelic imyofeba erTi episkoposis iurisdiqciaSi. aR-niSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, dadgenilia, rom `episkoposi da sa-erTod yoveli saeklesio marTlmsajulebrivi organo ganixilavs mxolod im samRvdelo pirTa da morwmuneTa Secodebebs, romelnic maTi uflebamosilebis garemos miekuTvnebian.~47 Cven saeklesio sa-marTlis procesis principebze saubrisas aRvniSneT, rom arcerTi episkoposi ar aris uflebamosili ganixilos mezobeli eparqiis samRvdelo an saero piris saqme. yoveli eparqia da Sesabamisi mmarTveli mRvdelmTavari sargeblobs TviTmmarTvelobis uflebiT. sagulisxmoa, rom yoveli avtokefaluri eklesia mkafiod da zustad gansazRvravs eparqiaTa iurisdiqciis sakiTxebs, raTa zed-miwevniT iqnes daculi TiToeuli saeklesio erTeulis sazRvrebi. am mxriv sainteresoa ara mxolod saqarTvelos samociqulo avto-kefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debuleba, romelic zustad adgens eparqiaTa sazRvrebs 48 , aramed qarTuli saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi, sadac zedmiwevniT, TiToeuli soflis mixedviT aris dadgenili eparqiaTa sazRvrebi. moviyvanoT ramdenime magaliTi: moipoveba XVI saukunis dasawyisis sigeli, romlis Tanaxmadac dadgenilia kaTalikosis samwyso samcxe-saaTabagoSi, zedmiwevniT aris gansazRvruli TiToeuli monastrisa da soflis iurisdiqci-is sakiTxi.49 1529 wels afxazeTis kaTalikosma malaqiam gamosca wigni genaTel episkopoz melqizedekisadmi samwysosa da sawiravis gaCenis Sesaxeb. wignSi aRniSnulia: `da gauCineT samwysoni da sakurTxi: rionsa da quTais qalaqsa zedaT, yvirilas gamoRma da vidre kacxis zRuaramde da xreiTs aqeT raWis mTamdis, okriba sruliad, quTais qalaqsa Sigan, gaRma da gamoRma da anu dabani da sofelni iyvnen mimodaTesulni glexni~.50 rac Seexeba mmarTveli episkoposis valdebulebas, rom man gani-xilos Tavis samwysoSi arsebuli kanonikuri xasiaTis davebi, am

45 Краткiй курсъ церковнаго права, dasax. naSromi, gv. 180 46 ix. didi sjuliskanoni, mociqulTa kanoni 2, gv. 216 47 p. bumisi, dasax. naSromi, gv. 157 48 ix. marTva-gamgeobis debulebis I Tavis $4 49 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III, gv. 242 50 iqve, gv. 250

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mxriv uaRresad sainteresoa urbneli episkoposis iuliosis gan-Cineba mose xucisSvilisa da giorgi xarebaSvilis mnaTeobis saq-meze. SesavalSi aRniSnulia: `xucisSvils moses RmrTis msaxuris mefis Zis iulonisaTvis arzi mierTmivna kviracxovlis mnaTeobis saqmezed. mis uganaTlebulesobas maTis uwmindesobisaTvis moexsenebina, samarTali Tqven usajeTo. da maT uwmindesobas dikastiriisaTvis ebrZanebina, radgan urbnelis samwyso aris da eklesiis saqmea, wigni miuwereT, imaTi efiskoposia da valic aZs, moikiTxos da samarTali iman usajos~.51 rogorc irkveva, mnaTeobasTan dakavSirebiT mose xuciSvilma gio-rgi xarebaSvils uCivla ufliswul iulon erekles ZesTan. imis gamo, rom saqme saeklesio Tematikis iyo, Cans, Cven mier odnav zemoT xsenebuli kanonis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic saero sasamarTlos ukrZalavs saeklesio saqmeebis ganxilvas, iulonma saqme gansaxilvelad gadasca kaTalikoss. kaTalikosma naxa ra, rom saqmeze ar iyo mmarTveli mRvdelmTavris pozicia, daavala dikasterias, rom es saCivari gadaegzavnaT Sesabamisi episkoposisa-Tvis. aq yuradsaRebia is, rom kaTalikosi saqmes gansaxilvelad motivirebuli mizeziT agzavninebs urbnel mRvdelmTavarTan. mo-tivaciaSi aRniSnulia, rom (a) sxva eparqiaa, rom (b) iuliosi maTi mRvdelmTavaria da yvelaze mniSvnelovani: (g) `vali aZs~, anu swored rom eparqiis mmarTveli episkoposia valdebuli, rom mis eparqiaSi arsebuli saeklesio dava ganixilos. dasasrul, aRvniSnavT, rom im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac mRvdlisa da diakvnis saqmes kreba ganixilavs, aucilebelia mis sxdomaSi mmarTveli episkoposis monawileoba.52 3. episkoposis saqmeebis ganxilvis uflebamosileba gansxvavebiT diakvnebisa da mRvdlebisagan, episkoposebi xeldas-xmul iqnebian minimum ori episkoposis mier, Tanaxmad mociqulTa 1-li kanonisa.53 episkoposi, dogmaturi RmrTismetyvelebis mixedviT, flobs uwyvet samociqulo madls, aRWurvilia sruli samRvdelo uflebamosilebiT da aris eparqiis kanonikuri mmarTveli. 54 gamomdinare aqedan, ar hyavs ra episkoposs uSualo mmarTveli, misi saqmis warmoeba eqvemdebareba saeklesio krebas. Cven mier zemoT moyvanili karTagenis krebis me-12 kanonSi gadmocemulia feliqs episkoposis monaTxrobi: `momeÃsenebis ZuelTa krebaTa mier gansazRvrebuli, raÁTa ukueTu vinme epis-

51 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. V, gv. 660 52 ix. karTagenis me-12 kanoni, didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 295 53 iqve, gv. 216 54 Sead. marTva-gamgeobis debuleba, Tavi VII, $1

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koposi, romeli-ese numca qmnil ars, gankiTxvisa Tanamdebad ipoos da uRuno iyos SekrebaÁ umravlesTaÁ, raÁTa ara daSTes igi gan-kiTxvisa Tanamdebobasa mas Sina, aTormetTa episkoposTa isminon saqme misi da maT ganixilon misTÂs~.55 aurelios karTageneli epis-koposis TavmjdomareobiT kreba Sedga 418 wels. vinaidan krebis kanonSi saubaria Zvel krebaTa mier dadgenil kanonebze, aRniSnu-lis Taobaze Sesabamisi norma unda veZioT 418 wlamde Semdgari krebebis mier miRebul kanonTa Soris. 418 wlamde gamarTuli iyo mxolod ori _ nikeisa (325 w.) da konstantinopolis (381 w.) msoflio saeklesio krebebi. nikeis krebaTa kanonebSi ar aris saubari episkoposis braldebis saqmis Tormeti mRvdelmTavris mier ganxilvis Taobaze. rac Seexeba II msoflio krebis kanonebs, me-6 kanoni marTlac adgens, rom episkoposis saqmes krebuli ixi-lavs: `amaT [e.i. bralmdeblebs] ubrZanebs wmidaÁ krebaÁ pirvelad, raÁTa yovelTa mis samTavroÁsa episkoposTa winaSe warmoTqunen Sesmenani da maT winaSe emxilen braleulobani TÂsni mizeziansa mas episkopossa~.56 episkoposi nikodimosi am kanonis komentirebisas aRniSnavs: `sityva `diocezi~, rogorc es nikeis krebis kanonebisa da am krebis me-2 kanonis ganmartebebidan vixileT, Seesabameba amJamindel sapatri-arqos cnebas da, amdenad, diozecuri kreba Seesabameba sapatri-arqo krebas, romlis wevrebic arian yvela sapatriarqos mitropo-liti da episkoposebi patriarqis TavmjdomareobiT. konstantino-polis sapatriarqos yvela mitropoliti _ kreteli, heraklieli, Tesalonikeli da kidev sxva samocdaTvrameti, maTze daqvemde-barebuli episkoposebiT, erTad Seadgenen erT diocezs, romlis saTaveSic konstantinopolis patriarqi dgas da yvela erTad Sek-rebilni warmoadgenen diocezur (sapatriarqo) krebas~. 57 rogorc vxedavT, gaerTianebul sapatriarqo krebaze moiwveva 12-ze bevrad meti mRvdelmTavari, anu sruli Semadgenloba konstantinopolis eklesiis episkopatisa. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos isic, rom episkoposi feliqsi karTagenis saeklesio krebaze ambobs, rom episkoposis saqme unda ganixilos (a) krebam, xolo es Tu ar xerxdeba, maSin (b) Tormetma episkoposma. am kanonis ukeT gansamartad unda gavix-senoT konstantinopolis adgilobrivi eklesiis tradicia, kerZod 12-kaciani sinodaluri mmarTveloba. p. bumisis mixedviT, 1860 wels gamoqveynda `sayovelTao wesebi~, romlis Tanaxmadac damtkicda sapatriarqo krebis mowveva patriarqisa da Tormeti mRvdelmTav-ris SemadgenlobiT. es mRvdelmTavrebi krebaSi airCeodnen 2 wlis vadiT.58 marTlac, dResac, konstantinopolis adgilobrivi eklesia Sedgeba 50-ze meti eparqiisagan59, magram wminda sinodSi Sedis mxo-lod 12 mRvdelmTavari.60 sxvaTa Soris, analogiuri viTarebaa mos-

55 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 295 56 iqve, gv. 263 57 episkoposi nikodimosi (milaSi), dasax. naSromi, gv. 240 58 p. bumisi, dasax. naSromi, gv. 153 59 ix. http://www.patriarchate.org/patriarchate/jurisdiction/administration/dioceses 60 ix. http://www.patriarchate.org/patriarchate/jurisdiction/administration/synod

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kovis sapatriarqoSic. 61 rac Seexeba saqarTvelos sapatriarqos, CvenTan gansxvavebuli viTarebaa: saeklesio kreba da wminda sinodi identuria, xolo wm. sinodis wevrebad iTvlebian eparqiaTa moqme-di mRvdelmTavrebi. 62 amitomac, Tanaxmad amave Tavis $7-isa, `wm. sinodi aris pirveli da ukanaskneli instancia saqarTvelos eklesiaSi, romelic uflebamosilia gaasamarTlos mRvdelmTavari, ganixilos misi moRvaweobis dogmaturi da kanonikuri cdomileba.~ amdenad, SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rogorc istoriulad, ise dRes moqmedi saeklesio wesebiT, episkoposs gansjis episkoposTa kreba, wm. sinodis an saeklesio krebis saxiT. 4. sagangebo wesebi gansjadobasTan dakavSirebiT 4.1. zemdgomi ierarqiisadmi mimarTva II msoflio krebis me-6 kanoniT dadginda, rom `Tu samTavros (eparqiis) episkoposebi ver gadawyveten episkoposis braldebis saqmes, ver gaasworeben braldebuls, maSin maT unda mimarTon did krebas~. marTalia, am kanonSi saubaria mxolod episkoposis saqmis gansjadobis Taobaze, magram, Cveni azriT, es wesi unda gav-rceldes mRvdelTa, diakonTa da morwmune eriskacTa saqmeebzec. eklesiis istoriis manZilze araerTi SemTxveva yofila, rodesac eklesiis gamorCeul moRvaweebs episkoposebi mimarTavdnen episto-leebiT, sadac Txovdnen konkretul ganmartebebs SecodebebTan dakavSirebiT da sasjelis zomasac ki. didi sjuliskanonis meoTxe nawili _ epistolaruli kanonebi swored rom am principiT aris Sedgenili. Cven es wesi sagangebo wesebad CavTvaleT da gamovya-viT swored imitom, rom am saxiT ganmxilveli mRvdelmTavari saqmis garemoebis Taobaze realurad pozicias iyalibebda sxva episkoposis mosazrebis gaTvaliswinebiT. metic, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom amgvari qmedebiT faqtobrivad epistolis adresati ganixilav-da saqmes da misi gansjis qveS eqceoda epistoliT gaTvalis-winebuli saqme. gansjadobis Taobaze umsjelia 1762 wlis 20 dekembers mowveul saeklesio krebas da saepiskoposoTa marTvis krebis dadgenilebis me-3 kanoniT ganisazRvra, rom `Tu wmidaT episkoposT TqvenTa samwysoTa Sina urCi vinme gyvandesT, Cven mogvaÃsenoT; da egevi-TarTa Cven davsjiT~.63 am mxriv sainteresoa 1771 wlis 9 martiT daTariRebuli anton I-is wigni nekreseli episkoposisadmi, sadac kaTalikosi aRniSnavs, rom `Tquens yovlad samRvdeloebas saTividam gardavardniT wamxdaris dedakacisa romelime sjulieri saqmeebi ekiTxa~.64 rogorc werili-

61 ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis debulebis V Tavis me-2 punqts Tanaxmad,

rme-is wminda sinodi Sedgeba patriarqis, 7 mudmivi da 5 arCeviTi episkoposi-sagan. ix. http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/133126.html

62 ix. marTva-gamgeobis debuleba, Tavi II, $$1-3 63 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III, gv. 848 64 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III, gv. 890

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dan irkveva, nekresel mRvdelmTavars miuweria kaTalikosisadmi vinme col-qmris sakiTxi. saqmis arsi yofila is, rom cols am gadmovardnis gamo miuRia garkveuli dazianebebi, ris gamoc misi meuRle ganqorwinebas da sxva qalis moyvanas gegmavda. nekreselma mRvdelmTavarma, Cans, damoukideblad ver gadawyvita saqme da kiTxviT mimarTa kaTalikoss. anton I Tavis epistoleSi jer ganumartavs nekresels saqmis arss da dasZens, rom èsTa mizez-TaTvis ar SesaZlebel ars qmrisa mier datevebad dedakaci igi.~ 65 xolo Semdeg imperatiulad uTiTebs nekresis episkoposs, rom ùkeTu dedakaci sxua mieyuanos qorwinebiT, unda gaaSuebinoT coli igi kacsa mas, rameTu ara sjulier ars qorwineba igi~.66 4.2. sxva mRvdelmTavrisaTvis mimarTva SesaZlebelia, rom saqmis ganxilva daevalos sxva mRvdelmTavars rogorc erTjeradi, ise mravaljeradi gamoyenebis ganCinebiT. sabednierod, qarTuli saeklesio sasamarTlo procesis praqtikaSi gvaqvs orive SemTxvevis magaliTi: 1740-1741 ww. domenti kaTalikozis wignSi mrovelisa da urbnelis samwysos saqmeze moTxrobilia, rom saqme ganuxilavT mcxeTis mTavarepiskoposs da tfilel mitropolits, xolo kaTalikosi Tavisi wigniT iwonebs am ganCinebas. ganCinebaSi mokled aris miTiTebuli, rom `Cven ar SegveZlo~ saqmis ganxilvao. 67 wignis bolos kaTalikosi dasZens, rom Tu dasjerdnen Tqvens ganCinebas, xom kargio, `Tu ara, orTav Ãeli aaRebineT, wignebic gamoarTviT da CvenTvis saxsraT Ãeli amarTeT; arcerTs Ãeli aRara hqon-des~.68 kaTalikosis am wignis meore gverdze moTavsebulia ganaCeni, mcxeTeli mTavarepiskoposisa da tfileli mitropolitis xelr-TvebiT. swored am ganaCenidan irkveva, rom kaTalikosis winaSe wardgenili saCivari am or episkoposs gadaeca: `batonma kaTali-kozma es wigni Cven, mTavarepiskopozs batons kirilesa da tfi-lel mitrapolit evTimes gviboZa: samarTali gasinjeT~-o.69 rac Seexeba mravaljeradi gamoyenebis wess, xelT gvaqvs anton I-is 1771 wlis 18 dekembris samwysos saqmeTa ganweseba, romlis bolos miwerilia ùwmidesi k˜zi rom meored ruseTs wabZanda da samni episkoposni Tvisad moadgiled gangvawesna, imisi wigni~.70 ganwesebis pirvelive kanonSi aRniSnulia Semdegi: `Cuen magierad zedamxedvelad gangviwesebia: yovlad samRvdelo mitropoliti samTavroÁsa da gorisa besarion, yovlad samRvdelo

65 iqve 66 iqve, gv. 890 67 iqve, t. III, gv. 762 68 iqve 69 iqve 70 iqve, gv. 895

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mitropoliti tfilisisa mixail, yovlad samRvdelo ninowmidel mitropoliti da aTormetTa monasterTa arximandriteli saba, dekanozi anCisxatis eklesiisa giorgi~.71 savaraudoa, rom dekanozi giorgi TanaSemwed hyavs ganCinebuli kaTalikoss da igi, cxadia, samRvdelmTavro funqciebis Sesasruleblad ar dautovebia. amas amyarebs zemomoyvanili minaweric, rom `samni episkoposni Tvisad moadgiled gangvawesna~, sadac dekanozi giorgi naxsenebi ar aris. meore kanoniT ganisazRvra is uflebamosilebebi, rac gadaecaT mRvdelmTavrebs da maT Soris miTiTebulia `saeklesio msjavric~: `da ama zemo werilTaTvis gvirwmunebia yovelive sulieri msjavri, yoveli saeklesio gangeba da yoveli mamobrivni kanonni yovlisa mimarT samwysoisa Cvenisa da Cveni didi samociqulo eklesia mcxe-Tisa da tfilisisa, qristeSobis eklesia da aqa datevebuli Cueni samRudelo krebuli~.72 ganwesebani amis Semdeg adgens sxvadasxva uflebamosilebebs mRvdelmTavrebisaTvis. CvenTvis sainteresoa me-13 kanoni, romelic gansazRvravs mRvdelmTavrebis srul uflebamosilebas gansjado-basTan dakavSirebiT: `Cuen Cvenis mRudelmTavrobis Ãelmwifeba ganÃsnisa da Sekrvisa esegvari migvicies: Cvens samwysoSi Tu vinme Serisxvisa, SeCvenebisa da Sekrvis Rirsad gamoCndes, Cvenis ÃelmwifebiT Serisxon, Sea-Cvenon da Sekran. da Tu Sekruli Rirsad ganÃsnisa, kurTxevisa da nugeSiniscemisa gamoCndes, ganxsnan, akurTxon da nugeSiniscen CveniTve ÃelmwifebiTa. esreT yovliTurT Ãelmwifeba gviboZebies ama SekrebulebisaTvis~.73 es kanoni adgens ramdenime mniSvnelovan debulebas: zemoxsenebul sam mRvdelmTavars kaTalikosi (a) aZ-levs marTlmsajulebis srul uflebamosilebas (maT Soris, SeCve-nebis uflebasac), (b) aseve aZlevs maT srul uflebamosilebas, rom Seiwyalon gankanonebulebi da (g) yovelive es gadawyvetile-bebi maT ufleba aqvT gamoitanon kaTalikosis saxeliT, anu misi xelisuflebis ZalmosilebiT. 4.3. winamZRvris mier saqmis ganxilvis uflebamosileba gansjadobis sagangebo wesebze msjelobisas gverds ver avuvliT qarTuli saeklesio samarTlis Zeglebs am sakiTxze. kerZod, pet-riwonis qarTvelTa monastris tipikonis XII Tavis kanoni 45 adgens, rom monasterSi davanebuli monazvnebis gankanonebas axor-cielebs monastris winamZRvari, xolo Tu misi aryofnis Sem-TxvevaSi _ mis mier uflebamosili mRvdeli.74 iqvea mocemuli gan-martebac: `rameTu Ãelsa Sina mRdlisasa ars SekrvaÁ da gan-ÃsnaÁ~.75 sainteresoa, ramdenad SegviZlia moviazroT msgavsi norma saerTo wesad qristianul monastrebSi? Tu gadavxedavT mcire

71 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III, gv. 892 72 iqve 73 iqve, gv. 894 74 iqve, gv. 67 75 iqve

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sjuliskanonSi moTavsebul ioane mmarxvelis kanonebis eqvTime mTawmindeliseul komentarebs, davinaxavT, rom Rir. eqvTime wina-mZRvris mier monazonTa Secodebebis ganxilvis sakiTxs, Cveu-lebrivad miiCnevs da mas araerTgan ixseniebs, sxvadasxva konteqstSi: (a) `[...] amis yovlisa gamoZiebaÁ jer ars moZRurisa mier JamisaÁ da hasakisaÁ da adgilisaÁ da iZulebiTisaÁ da flobilobisaÁ da mas zeda micemaÁ kanonisaÁ~;76 (b) `gulisÃma-yos moZRuarman Zali monanulisaÁ mis [...] da gulsmodginebaÁ da mas zeda misces kanoni~;77 (g) `ukueTu vinme winamZRuarman gankanonos samarTlad...~;78 (d) `nu JamiTa ganikiTxav da ganaweseb kanonsa monanulTasa [...] Ä winamZRuaro~.79 SegviZlia Tavisuflad vivaraudoT, rom miuxedavad imisa, rom winamZRvris mier saqmis ganxilvis uflebamosilebas didi sjulis-kanonis arcerTi norma ar adgens, sul cota qarTuli sinamdvi-lisTvis monastris winamZRvris mier saqmis ganxilva ucxo ar yofila. winamZRvis mier marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis dros udavod gasaTvaliswinebelia erTi faqtori: mRvdelmsaxuri, romelsac aqvs samRvdelo da ara samRvdelmTavro qirotonia ar aris ufle-bamosili arc rom xeli daasxas mRvdels an diakons80 da Sesabami-sad, arc rom gankveTos. amdenad, imgvari saqmeebis ganxilva, rom-lis sasjelad saeklesio kanonmdeblobiT mRvdelmsaxuris gankve-Ta aris dadgenili, vfiqrobT, ver Seva monastris winamZRvris kom-petenciaSi. savaraudoa, rom aq imgvari saqmeebi igulisxmeba, rom-lebic ar iTvaliswineben amgvar sasjels. 5. acilebis sakiTxi Cven mier ganxiluli kanonebidan mxolod erTaderTSi _ kirile aleqsandrielis 1-l kanonSi aris miTiTebuli amgvari uflebis Taobaze. kerZod, wminda mama kirile domnosisadmi miweril epis-toleSi aRniSnavs: `ganisajenin igi [saubaria vinme episkopos petreze, d.C.] Cueulebisaebr winaSe RmrTismsaxurebisa Senisa Tana-myofobasa, cxad-ars, viTarmed Ãelsa queSe Sensa myofTa RmrTis-moSiSTa episkoposTasa, TÂnier garna Tu vieTisame ara inebebdes igi, viTarca ver sruliad mindobili siyuarulisa maTisaÁ. rameTu Cuen arca erTisa vis RmrTismoyuareTa episkoposTaganisa Zmisa mimarT qonebaÁ mterobisaÁ virwmunoT. xolo raÁTa ara mizezi ese damÃsnel iqmnes misTÂs yofadisa mis msjavrisa naklulevanad

76 mcire sjuliskanoni, e. giunaSvilis red., Tb., 1972, gv. 103 (SemdgomSic mcire

sjuliskanonidan citatebi moyvanili iqneba am gamocemidan) 77 iqve, gv. 109 78 iqve, gv. 121 79 iqve, gv. 123 80 Sead. mociqulTa 1-li da me-2 kanonebi, didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 216

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raÁme qmnisa sagonebel-yofiTa, ara jer-ars Sesakrebelsa mas Sina yofaÁ maTi, romelTa mimarT aqundes mas iWÂ raÁme eseviTari~. 81 episkoposi nikodimosi am kanonis komentirebisas aRniSnavs, rom ramdenadac am saqmis ganxilva xdeba petres siberisa da cremlebis gamoo, SeiZleba daSvebul iqnes, rom misi gansja ganaxorcielon episkoposebma, romelTa Soris ar iqnebian isini, viszec Tavad petres eqneba mikerZoebulobis Taobaze eWvio. `kirile dasZens Zalian mniSvnelovan SeniSvnas, kerZod imas, rom mas ar sjera, rom moiZebnebian episkoposebi, romlebic mtrulad iqnebian ganwyobilni Tavisi Zma episkoposis mimarT, magram es iTqva ubralod saimisod, raTa braldebuls aRar hqonoda SesaZlebloba, rom edava sasamarTlos mikerZoebulobis gamo, Tuki krebaze isxdebodnen mikerZoebulobaSi eWvmitanili episkopo-sebi~.82 amdenad, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom marTalia mcirediT da ara zogadi normis saxiT, magram mainc arsebobs saeklesio kanonebSi norma, rac iTvaliswinebs acilebas ganmsjeli episkoposis mimarT braldebulis mxridan, ris motivadac wminda mama asaxelebs un-doblobas braldebulis mimarT savaraudo mtrobis gamo. sxva motivebs acilebis Taobaze, rogorc vxedavT, saeklesio kanonebSi ver vxvdebiT. sagulisxmoa, rom acileba dadgenilia `ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis (moskovis sapatriarqos) saeklesio sasamarTlos Sesaxeb~ debulebis me-9 muxliT. kerZod, am muxlis 1-li punqti gansazRvravs, rom saeklesio mosamarTle valdebulia ganacxados TviTacilebis Taobaze, Tuki igi aris romelime mxaris naTesavi (me-7 xarisxamde) an mokeTe (me-4 xarisxamde) anda mas aqvs raime uSualo kavSiri romelime mxaresTan.83

81 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 532 82 Правила Православной Церкви с толкованиями Никодима, dasax. naSromi, gv. 525 83 http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/print/428440.html

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III. saqmis aRZvra

saproceso moqmedebebi iwyeba saqmis aRZvriT. cxadia, saproceso normebis ganxilvis dros aucilebelia gaimijnos sisxlis-samarT-lebrivi da samoqalaqo saqmeTa warmoebis dawyeba, magram ramdena-dac saeklesio kanonmdebloba mkafiod ar mijnavs am or dargs, agreTve imis gamo, rom did sjuliskanonSi mocemuli saproceso xasiaTis normebi, rogorc wesi, Seexeba sisxlis samarTlis saqme-Ta warmoebas, Cven mier sadisertacio naSromSi ganxiluli iqneba ZiriTadad sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoeba saeklesio sasamarTloSi. kanonikuri normebis analizis Sedegad SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom saqmis aRZvris ramdenime safuZveli arsebobs. Cven isini piro-obiTad oTx jgufSi gavaerTianeT. es jgufebi moicavs rogorc Sesabamis normatiul nawils, agreTve maT komentarebsa da, Tuki xelT gvaqvs, sasamarTlo praqtikis nawils. unda iTqvas, rom msoflio saeklesio krebebis saqmeebsa da qarTuli saeklesio sa-samarTlos ganCinebebSi udavod bevri saintereso magaliTi arse-bobs gansaxilvel sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi. sagulisxmoa, rom prof. panaiotis bumisis mosazrebiT, saeklesio sasamarTlo saqme sam SemTxvevaSi iwyeba: a) im uwyebis saxiT, romelsac ugzavnis Secdomil sasuliero pirs meore sasuliero piri an saero piri; b) saeklesio Secodebis Camdeni sasuliero piris piradi ganacxadis, anu aRsarebis saxiT; g) im episkoposis piradi TaosnobiT, romelic iwvevs Secdomil sasuliero pirs Tavis gasamarTleblad. 84 Cven ver daveTanxmebiT batoni bumisis amgvar dayofas, radgan realurad, pirveli da mesame mainc `braldebis~, anu sxvis mier mxilebis kategoriaSi gadis da ufro misi qvekategoriebia, xolo rac Seexeba meore SemTxvevas, mas Cvenc veTanxmebiT. agreTve aRsaniSnavia isic, rom prof. bumisi aq ar saubrobs saero piris Secodebaze, romlis winaaRmdegac, cxadia, SeiZleba aRiZras saqme. sagulisxmoa, rom ruseTis saeklesio sasamarTlos debulebis 33-e muxlic icnobs saqmis aRZvris mxolod or safuZvels.85 saqmis aRZvrisaTvis aucilebelia, rom arsebobdes safuZvliani eW-vi saeklesio samarTlis subieqtis mier 86 Secodebis Cadenis Ta-obaze. Secodeba Cven gavmijneT codvisagan da igi vuwodeT saek-lesio danaSauls: `Secodeba aris iseTi qmedeba, romelic gaT-valiswinebulia saeklesio kanonebSi, rogorc RvTis mcnebis darRveva da misTvis gaTvaliswinebulia saeklesio sasjeli. samar-Tlebrivi TvalsazrisiT, Secodeba unda ganvasxvavoT codvisgan.

84 p. bumisi, dasax. naSromi, gv. 167 85 http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/print/428440.html 86 amis Taobaze ix. Cveni ganmarteba saeklesio samarTlis subieqtTa Sesaxeb: d.

CikvaiZe, saeklesio samarTali (leqciebis kursi), Tb., 2008, gv. 64

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codva aris RvTis mcnebis yoveli darRveva, TviT boroti fiqric ki. xolo rac Seexeba Secodebas, mas Tavisi mniSvnelobis gamo eniWeba saSiSi codvis (saxeli pirobiTia, d.C.) xarisxi, amitomac misTvis ukve saeklesio sasjelia gaTvaliswinebuli. magaliTis-Tvis moviyvanoT marxvis darRveva. igi warmoadgens codvas, vi-naidan es moqmedeba marxvis dacvis savaldebulobis Sesaxeb RvTis mcnebas ewinaaRmdegeba. xolo Tu aseTma moqmedebam qristianis mxridan regularuli xasiaTi miiRo, maSin es ukve iqneba Secodeba, risTvisac saeklesio kanonebiT gaTvalswinebulia sasjeli. cxadia, Cven imis Tqma ar gvinda, rom Secodeba pirdapir aris codvis preiudicia, Tumca ki, raRac gagebiT msgavsi SeiZleba iyos~.87 1. aRiareba, rogorc saqmis aRZvris safuZveli eklesiaSi qristianTaTvis dawesebulia aRsarebis saidumlo, romelic erT-erTia Svid saidumloTagan. aRsarebis arsi mdgoma-reobs imaSi, rom qristiani acnobierebs ra mis mier Cadenili qme-debebis antikanonikur da RvTis sawinaaRmdego xasiaTs, nanobs mas da aRiarebs amas sulieri moZRvris winaSe. Tuki qristianis qmede-ba Seicavs Secodebis niSnebs, cxadia, es SeiZleba gaxdes saqmis warmoebis dawyebis safuZveli. aRiarebis sakiTxis ganxilvis dros yuradsaRebia erTi mniSvn-nelovani garemoeba: aRsarebis dros warmoTqmuli codva ar SeiZ-leba gaxdes saqmis dawyebis safuZveli aRsarebis mimRebi mRvdlis mier. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, aRsarebis Sedegad Setyobili Secodebis Sesaxeb mRvdeli ar aris uflebamosili da metic, ekr-Zaleba, rom iyos bralmdebeli. xolo rac Seexeba imas, Tu amgvari ram mainc moxdeba, igi ganekuTvneba mZime SecodebaTa ricxvs.88 aRiarebis safuZvelze saqmis dasawyebad, rogorc amas prof. bumisi wers, sWirdeba werilobiTi gancxadeba, sadac Camoyalibe-buli iqneba piris mier Cadenili Secodeba. amgvar qmedebas, garda Tavisi sulieri mxarisa, aqvs saproceso mniSvnelobac, radgan aRi-arebis safuZvelze dawyebuli saqmis warmoeba martivia (ix. am naSromis IV Tavis me-2 qveTavi), ganaCenis gamotanis dros warmo-adgens Semamsubuqebel garemoebas 89 da SeiZleba gaTvaliswinebul iqnes sasjelis aRsrulebis periodSi. Cven mier ganxiluli sasamarTlo praqtikaSi ar Segvxvedria iseTi ganCineba, romelic aRiarebis safuZvelze dawyebuli warmoebis Se-degi iyo. savaraudod, amis mizezia is, rom, rogorc zemoTac

87 ix. d. CikvaiZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 128 88 p. bumisi, dasax. naSromi, gv. 161 89 mag. basili didis 61-e kanoni: `mparavman ukueTu TÂT Seinanos da Seasminos

Tavi TÂsi erTsa oden weliwadsa dayenebul iqmnes ziarebisagan siwmideTaÁsa, xolo ukueTu sxuaTa mier emxilos, orsa weliwadsa~ (didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 493).

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aRiniSna, aRiarebis dros saqmis warmoeba bevrad martivia da SeiZleba isec sruldeboda, rom ganCineba calke dokumentis saxiT ar dgeboda. 2. braldeba, rogorc saqmis aRZvris safuZveli saeklesio samarTlis procesSi saqmis aRZvris yvelaze gaxSire-buli safuZveli aris braldeba. saeklesio procesis xasiaTTan mi-marTebaSi zogadad gasaTvaliswinebelia ep. nikodimosis mosazreba, rom `procesis ori saxidan, kanonebSi, gvxvdeba iseTi, romlebic iwyeba raime braldebiT~. 90 saeklesio braldeba gulisxmobs imas, rom saeklesio samarTlis subieqtis mimarT gansjadobis ufle-bamosilebis mqone saeklesio organoSi xdeba cnobis wardgena amave subieqtis mier Secodebis Cadebis Taobaze. 2.1. braldebis ori saxe sagulisxmoa, rom saeklesio kanonebiT braldeba Sinaarsis mixedviT iyofa or jgufad: saeklesio da saero braldebad. 91 ep. nikodimosi saubrobs ra saeklesio samarTalwarmoebis istoriul ganviTarebaze, aRniSnavs, rom `pirveli saukuneebis kanonikur wyaroebSi Sida saeklesio saqmeebTan dakavSirebuli saeklesio saqmeebisaTvis miTiTebulia saepiskoposo sasamarTlo, rogorc TviTmyofadi da CveulebiTi, xolo kerZo xasiaTis saqmeebisaTvis _ samediatoro sasamarTlo (jus arbitrii)~. 92 rogorc Cans, im peri-odisaTvis qonebriv da sxva saero xasiaTis davebs `kerZo xa-siaTis~ davebad moixseniebdnen, xolo rac Seexeba sisxlis samarTlis saqmes, mas, Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, an saeklesio sasamarTlo ganixilavda, rogorc saeklesio saqmes, an kidev Tuki eklesia danaSaulad ar CaTvlida _ saero sasamarTlo, rac gascdeboda eklesiis kompetencias. Cveni mosazrebiT ki, saero braldeba gulisxmobs imas, rom bral-debis Sinaarsi aris saero-samarTlebrivi, aRniSnulis Taobaze saxelmwifos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenilia Sesabamisi normebi da igi ar exeba eklesiis swavlebisa Tu Sida mowyobis sakiTxebs. II msoflio krebis me-6 kanoniT dadgenilia, rom `ukueTu vinme TÂssa rasme saCivarsa, ese igi ars TÂsisa siglaxakisasa da soflursa dasdebdes episkopossa zeda, viTarca mixueWili, anu sxuebr viTame TÂnier samarTalisa vnebuli misgan eseviTarTa SesmenaTa zeda, numca gamoiZiebis nuca piri SemasmenelisaÁ, nuca viTarebaÁ sarwmunoebisaÁ, rameTu maSin yovliTa saxiTa Tavisufal-yofaÁ uÃms sÂndisisa episkoposisasa da mimZlavrebulebisa TÂsisa mWuarsa mas sarwmunod SeracxilebaÁ, romlisaÁca iyos igi sju-

90 Никодимъ, Еп. Далматинскiй, Д-ръ Богословiя, Православное Церковное право, переводъ съ

сербскаго Милана Петровича, СПб, 1897, gv. 480 91 ix. konstantinopolis II msoflio krebis me-6 kanoni, didi sjuliskanoni, gv.

261-263 92 Никодимъ, Православное Церковное право, dasax. naSromi, gv. 477

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lisa da sarwmunoebisaÁ~. 93 amdenad, am kanoniT ganisazRvra, rom arasarwmunoebriv sakiTxebze marTlmadidebeli qristianis mimarT braldebis wardgenis ufleba aqvs nebismier adamians. aq, marTalia, ar aris aRniSnuli, magram Cveni mosazrebiT igulisxmeba pirTa is wre, romlebsac saero kanonmdebloba nebas rTavs, iyvnen bral-mdeblebi an mxareebi sasamarTlo procesze. mcirewlovnebi, Se-uracxadebi da saproceso uflebaCamorTmeuli sxva pirebi, cxadia, TviT arasarwmuneobrivi Tematikis braldebis warmdgenebic ver iqnebian. rac Seexeba saeklesio braldebas, misi amomwuravi ganmarteba ar aris mocemuli sjuliskanonSi, magram Cven SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom `saeklesio braldeba gulisxmobs imas, rom Sesmena (braldeba) unda xdebodes saRvTismetyvelo, sarwmunoebriv an eklesiologiur sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, anu iseTebze, rogoricaa, magaliTad wirvis araswori Catareba (moc. me-3 kanoni), uRirsad Ãelldasxma (nik. I kr. me-9 kanoni), mwvalebloba da eklesiisgan gandgoma (konst. 1-li kanoni) da a.S~.94 am dayofas uaRresad didi mniSvneloba aqvs saproceso Tval-sazrisiT, radgan im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saxezea saeklesio xasiaTis braldeba, kanonikuri normebi mkacrad gansazRvraven im pirTa wres, vis mier ar SeiZleba iqnes amgvari braldeba wardge-nili: `xolo ukueTu saeklesioÁ iyos episkopossa zeda moRebuli igi bralobaÁ, maSin gamowulilvaÁ saTanado ars da gancdaÁ pirebsa SemasmenelTasa~.95 2.2. pirebi, romelTa saeklesio braldeba ar miiReba 2.2.1. mwvalebeli Tanaxmad mociqulTa 75-e kanonisa, `SesmenisaTÂs episkoposisa wa-mebaÁ mwvalebelisaÁ numca Sewynarebul ars~. 96 igive Sinaarsia gadmocemuli II msoflio krebis me-6 kanonSic: `mwvalebelni ara Sewynarebul iqmnen Semasmenelad marTlmadidebelisa episkoposisa saeklesioTa saqmeTaTÂs~.97 am sakiTxs awesrigebs, agreTve, karTage-nis 129-e kanoni, romelic vrcel CamonaTvals akeTebs im pirebisa, romelTa braldeba ar SeiZleba iqnes miRebuli da maT ricxvSi moixseniebs mwvaleblebsac. rac Seexeba imas, Tu vin miiCneva mwvaleblad. II msoflio krebis me-6 kanoni mokled ganmartavs am pirTa kategorias: `mwvalebelad uwesT Zuelve sadve ganyrilTa eklesiisagan da Semdgomad amissa Cuen mier SeCuenebulTaca~.98 sainteresoa basili didis 1-li kano-ni, romelic warmoadgens amfiloqe ikonielisadmi miwerili epis-

93 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 262 94 d. CikvaiZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 128 95 didi sjuliskanoni, II msoflio krebis me-6 kanoni, gv. 262 96 iqve, gv. 224 97 iqve, gv. 262 98 iqve

34

tolis nawils, sadac wminda mama CamoTvlis im moZRvrebebs, romlebsac eklesia miiCnevs mwvaleblobad. 99 prof. bumisi iZleva kanonikur ganmartebas, Tu ra SemTxvevaSi miiCneva konkretuli moZRvreba mwvaleblobad: `imisTvis, rom esa Tu is aRmsarebloba, kvalificirebul iqnas, rogorc mwvalebloba, aucilebelia: a) mc-dari aRmsareblobis warmoCena an gancxadeba, ginda werilobiT, ginda sityvierad, ginda saqmiT, anda sarwmunoebis ama Tu im ar-sebiTi elementis mizandasaxuli ugulebelyofa (`gardaqceva~). ubralo azrebi, romlebsac iwveven, vTqvaT, axalgazrduli mSfoT-vareba, an eWvebi, ar warmoadgenen mwvaleblobis damadasturebel kanonikur Secodebas. b) mwvalebels Segnebuli unda hqondes gan-sxvaveba sakuTar sibrZnismetyvelebasa da saeklesio swavlebas Soris. amis gamo, Secdomilis gankiTxvamde saWiroa misi gamokiTx-va, raTa cxadi gaxdes, rwmeniTaa misi mosazrebebi ganpirobebuli Tu umecrebiT. g) mwvalebeli daJinebiT dadgromil unda iyos Ta-vis azrze, TavgamodebiT unda icavdes mas da ar emorCilebodes pasuxismgeblobiT aRWurvil saeklesio mTavrobas. dasasrul, d) ama Tu im sibrZnismetyvelebis (`sicruismetyvelebis~) mwvaleblo-bad kvalificirebisaTvis kompetenturia eklesia, romelic saRmr-To werilisa da pasuxismgeblobiT aRWurvili saeklesio gadmo-cemis safuZvelze ikvlevs Sesabamis sakiTxs~. 100 sainteresoa, bumi-sisve SeniSvna, romelic mwvaleblobasTan dakavSirebiT aqvs gakeT-ebuli sxvagan: `rasakvirvelia, maTac, romlebic ar arian gankve-Tilni, raki aswavlian da qmnian kidevac mwvaleblobas (eress), SeiZleba ewodos mwvaleblebi (eretikosebi). mxolod gamoTqmas, rom isini mwvaleblebi arian, garkveulwilad iqneb moveridoT, manam, sanam eklesia sinoduri wesiT ar daadgens amas~. 101rogorc vxedavT, bumisi saubrobis ZiriTadad imis Taobaze, Tu ra SemTxvevaSi iTvleba konkretuli saeklesio moZRvreba mwva-leblobad. aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, mwvaleblad konkretuli piri unda miviCnioT maSin, rodesac igi sruli gacnobierebiT, gancxadebulad da dadasturebulad miakuTvnebs Tavs amgvar mwvaleblur eklesias an Tavad qmnis an qadagebs msgavsi Sinaarsis moZRvrebas. rac Seexeba iseT SemTxvevas, rodesac saxezea piris mwvalebluri ideebi, magram sinoduri wesiT ar aris dadasture-buli mis mier eresis qadageba, aseTi pirebi, Cveni azriT, ganekuT-vnebian gandgomilTa jgufs (ix. Semdegi qveTavi). 2.2.2. gandgomili II msoflio krebis me-6 kanoni, sadac sakmaod detalurad aris aRwerili saeklesio samarTlis procesis sakiTxebi, adgens, rom bralmdeblad ar miiRebian, romelnic `gamoxeTqil arian da winaaRmdgomad kreba-hyofen da kanonebrivTa episkoposTa wina-ganewyobvian~.102 ganxeTqileba, anu sqizma warmoadgens erT-erT mZi-me Secodebas da gulisxmobs imas, rom sqizmis momwyobni, marTa-

99 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 472-473 100 p. bumisi dasax. naSromi, gv. 203 101 iqve, gv. 84, me-8 sqolio 102 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 262

35

lia, gansxvavebiT mwvaleblobisagan, inarCuneben marTlmadideb-lur doqtrinas, magram gamodian eklesiis uzenaesi kanonieri ier-arqiis daqvemdebarebidan da garkveuli subieqturi Tu obieqturi mizezis gamo calke ayalibeben eklesias. `sqizma ewodeba organi-zebul uaryofas eklesiis kanonikuri wyobisa da mmarTvelobisad-mi morCilebisa da eklesiisgan mis wevrTa erTi nawilis gamo-yofas sakuTari religiuri sazogadoebriobis daarsebiT. ganyofis damaxasiaTebeli niSani isaa, rom igi, Cveulebriv, yalibdeba erTi an erTze meti episkoposisagan, samRvdelo da saero pirebTan erTad~. 103 rogorc vxedavT, bumisi sqizmas ukavSirebs sul cota erTi episkoposis gandgomas eklesiis daqvemdebarebidan, radganac, rogorc zemoTac aRiniSna, sasuliero pirTagan mxolod episko-posia aRWurvili sruli samociqulo da samRvdelmsaxuro madlmo-silebiT. Cveni azriT, gandgomilad moiazreba, agreTve, is samRv-delo an saero piric, romelic ukve arsebul sqizmatur dajgufe-baSi gadadis da uars ambobs sakuTari kanonikuri ierarqisadmi morCilebaze. sqizmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT udavod sagu-lisxmoa konstantinopolis orgzisi krebis me-15 kanoni: `romelTa wmidaTa krebaTa da mamaTa mimarTisa raÁsme ganwvalebulebisa misisaTÂs ganyvnen Tavni TÂsni ziarebisagan mRvdelmTavrisa TÂsi-sa, cxad ars, viTarmed raJams man wvalebaÁ igi saerod qadagos da dauburveliTa TaviTa eklesiasa Sina aswavos, egeviTarni igi ara xolo kanonTamierisa gankanonebisagan Tavisufal arian, romelTa uwinares sakreboÁsa ganCinebisa ganaSornen Tavni TÂsni ziarebi-sagan episkoposad saxeldebulisa mis, aramed viTarca moSurneni marTlmadideblobisani pativsaca jerovnisa Rirs iqmnen, rameTu ara episkoposi, aramed cru episkoposi da cru moZRuari ganikiT-xes da ara ganxeTqilebiTa daWres erTobaÁ eklesiisaÁ, aramed gan-xeTqilebaTa da ganyofilebaTagan ÃsnaÁ eklesiisaÁ iswrafes~. 104 amdenad, rodesac eklesiis wevri gandgomilia Tavisi episkopo-sisagan swored imis gamo, rom miiCnevs mis mier warmoTqmul qa-dagebebsa da swavlebas eklesiis marTlmadidebluri rwmenis sawi-naaRmdegod, aseT SemTxvevaSi mas, rogorc eklesiis erTobisaken moswrafes, rogorc amas zemomoyvanili kanoni ambobs, unda mieces ufleba waradginos braldeba, miT ufro, Tavisi episkoposis wina-aRmdeg. ep. nikodimosi am kanonis komentirebisas aRniSnavs, rom eklesiis wevrs unda hqondes ori winapiroba saimisod, rom Tavisi episkoposi miiCnios mwvaleblad da Sesabamisad, mieces mas ufleba, rom kanonierad ganudges mas: `a) qadagebs swavlebas, romelic Riad ewinaaRmdegeba kaTolike eklesiis swavlebas da ukve gansjilia wm. mamaTa an krebebis mier da ara kerZo raime azri, romelic SeiZleba viRacas umarTebulod moeCvenos da gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba ar eniWeba mas, ramdena-dac iolad SeiZleba misi gamosworeba, winaswarganzraxviT aramar-TlmadideblobaSi braldebis gareSe;

103 p. bumisi dasax. naSromi, gv. 203 104 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 445

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b) Tu cruswavleba mis mier iqadageba Riad da sajarod eklesiaSi maSin, e.i. igi ukve kargad aris mofiqrebuli da mimarTulia eklesiis aSkara sawinaaRmdegod, da ar aris mxolod kerZo saxiT warmoTqmuli~.105 yovelive aRniSnulis analizis safuZvelze SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom zogadad, sqizmis momwyobs an sqizmatur dajgufebaSi myof pirs ekrZaleba iyos kanonikuri sapatriarqoebisa da diocezebis samRvdelo pirTa da mrevlTa bralmdebeli saeklesio braldebis sakiTxebze, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac mizezi gandgomisa aris ierarqis mier Ria da aSkara uaryofa marTlmadidebluri rwmenisa da moZRvrebisa. 2.2.3. uziarebeli karTagenis 128-e kanonis Tanaxmad bralmdeblad ar SeiZleba iqnes miRebuli is piri, vinc gankanonebulia uziareblobiT: `amisTÂs ganvaCinebT marTlad missa ara Sewynarebasa Semasmenlad, romeli Semdgomad uziarebel-yofisa jereT masve kanonsa queSe iyos uziareblobisasa, ginaTu moyuasi iyos, gina eriskaci, romelsa egulebodis SemasmenelobaÁ~. 106 aq igulisxmeba is piri, vis mimarTac ukve ZalaSi aris Sesuli uziareblobiT gankanonebis ganaCeni. rac Seexeba im pirTa wres, romlebic ar arian aRebuli momentisaTvis uziareblobiT dasjili, magram maT mimarT saqme warmoebaSia, romlis savaraudo Sedegic SeiZleba iyos uzia-rebloba, Tuki dadasturdeba wardgenili braldeba, awesrigebs II msoflio krebis me-6 kanoni: `arca romelni TÂT Sesmenilni iyvnen, misaTualvel arian Semasmenelad episkoposisa anu sxÂsa mRdelisa, vidremdis ara ubralod gamoaCinnen Tavni TÂsni maTTÂs TqumulTa maT bralobaTagan~.107 2.2.4. borotebaSi mxilebuli karTagenis me-8 kanonSi aRniSnulia: `nuadios episkoposman maqsulitanisaman Tqua: arian mravalni ara keTilisa qcevisa da zrdilobisani, romeli hgoneben, viTarmed jerovan ars, viTarca daxudes SesmenaÁ mamaTa da episkoposTaÁ, eseviTarTaÁ jer-ars SewynarebaÁ, anu ara? avrilios episkoposman Tqua: saTno-uCnsa siyuarulsa Tquensa, raÁTa xeneSTa saqmeTa Tana SeTxzulni vinme Semasmenel eqmnebodes mamaTa? yovelTa episkoposTa mier iTqua: ukueTu ganqiqebuli da siborotesa zeda Seswavebuli iyos, egeviTari igi numca miTua-lul iqmnebis~.108

105 Правила Православной Церкви с толкованиями Никодима, dasax. naSromi, gv. 309 106 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 352 107 iqve, gv. 262 108 iqve, gv. 294

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ep. nikodimosi ar ganmartavs am kanons da mxolod uTiTebs II msoflio krebis me-6 kanonis komentarze, 109 sadac zogadad ganxi-lulia is pirebi, visac braldebis wardgena ekrZaleba, Tumca maT Soris ar aris moxseniebuli borotebaSi mxilebuli. aq saproceso TvalsazrisiT gasarkvevia erTi ram: kanoni saubrobs mxilebul pirze da ara gankanonebulze. anu, dasaSvebia, rom es mxilebuli piri sulac ciliswamebis safuZvelze iyos mxilebuli. miT ufro, rom kanons aseve ar aqvs daTqma imis Taobaze, rom amgvar pirTa boroteba sajarod aris cnobili yvelasaTvis. damatebiT dazus-tebas moiTxovs, agreTve, Tavad termini boroteba, anu konkretulad ra tipis, saxis an zomis Secodebas gulisxmobs igi. rac Seexeba slavur `kormCaias~, igi nawilobriv ganmartavs am kanons da gansazRvravs, rom borotebaSi moiazreba piris iseTi mdgomareoba, roca igi codvebSia mxilebuli da igi ar uaryofs mas. 110 Cveni azriT, aq unda moiazrebodes zogadad sazogadoebaSi uaryofiTi reputaciis mqone piri, romelsac, SesaZloa, iseTi codvebi ar aqvs, rom Secodebis kategoriaSi iyos gadazrdili da amdenad, mis winaaRmdeg braldebis saqme iyos aucileblad dasawyebi, magram mas imdenad uaryofiTi saxeli aqvs axlo myofTa Soris, rom rogorc uziareblis, iseve misi saeklesio braldebis miReba ar SeiZleba. sagulisxmoa erTi daTqma, romelsac akeTebs karTagenisve krebis me-19 kanoni: `ukueTu ganqiqebuli da siboro-tesa zeda Seswavebuli iyos piri SemasmenelisaÁ mis, Seuwynarebel ars igi Semasmenelad, garna Tu TÂsisa raÁsme mixueWilobisaTÂs Wuodis~.111 es sakmaod mniSvnelovani miTiTebaa, radgan, Cans, boro-tebaSi mxilebul adamians mTlianad ar erTmeva braldebis ufleba, aramed SeuZlia, rom bralmdebeli iyos iseT saqmeze, sadac, dRevandeli terminiT rom vTqvaT, dainteresebuli mxarea. 2.2.5. saero kanonmdeblobiT braldebaakrZaluli pirebi Cven araerTxel aRvniSneT, rom eklesiis saxelmwifosTan urTierTobis principia `mieciT keisars keisrisa~, rac gulisxmobs imas, rom eklesia pativs miagebs saxelmwifos mier dadgenil kanonebs da mis mrevlsac mouwodebs analogiuri pativiscemisaken, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac saxelmwifos mier miRebuli wesebi Riad da aSkarad ewinaaRmdegeba eklesiis moZRvrebas. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, eklesia ukrZalavs im pirebs, visac saxelmwifom CamoarTva ufleba iyvnen bralmdeblebi, braldeba Seitanon saeklesio sasamarTloSic: `aseve migvaCnia, rom ar Seiwynarebian bralmdeblad monebi, ganTavisuflebulebi da isini, visac samoqalaqo kanonebi ar Seiwynareben bralmdeblebad~. 112 cxadia, monebsa da gaazatebul pirebze demokratiul saxelmwifoSi arc aris saubari, magram rac Seexeba im pirebs, romlebsac saero kanonmdeblobiT ekrZalebaT procesze braldebis mxaris

109 Правила Православной Церкви с толкованиями Никодима, dasax. naSromi, gv. 167 110 Кормчая (Номоканонъ), gv. 470 111 didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 299 112 iqve

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sasargeblod Cvenebis micema, vfiqrobT, rom am nawilSi es kanoni kvlavac Zalmosilia. gamomdinare aqedan, unda vivaraudoT, rom braldebis Setana ekrZalebaT pirebs, romlebic arian Seuracxadni asakis an Wkuasus-tobis gamo, agreTve im pirebs, romlebisTvisac braldebaSi aRniS-nuli saqmis viTareba maTTvis cnobili gaxda profesiuli saqmia-nobis ganxorcielebis dros da amgvarad warmoadgens saxelmwifos mier dacul saidumlos.113 Cven mier ganxiluli praqtikidan gvxdeba SemTxveva, rodesac saeklesio braldebis Taobaze arqimandritma vasilim, berma Ta-lasim da sxva berebma Txovna misweres imperatorebs flabianesa da valentinianes nestoris eresTan dakavSirebiT da Txoves maT, rom ganexilaT maTi cruswavleba da uzrunveleyoT yovelives saTanadod gansja.114 braldebis safuZvelze saqmis ganxilvas vxvdebiT, agreTve, dikasteriis 1779 wlis 18 dekembris ganCinebaSi, sadac braldeba manuCar laSqarnivisma warudgina dikasterias mRvdel miqaelis wi-naaRmdeg. 115 braldeba qonebriv sakiTxs Seexeboda da ganCineba or gverdzea moTavsebuli. sainteresoa, agreTve ioane avaliSvilis arza mRvdel lazares winaaRmdeg, romelic ganixila da 1780 wlis 14 maisis ganCinebiT gadawyvita dikasteriis sasamarTlom. am SemTxvevaSi braldebis sa-fuZveli iyo mRvdlis mxridan warmoTqmuli Seuracxmyofeli sity-vebi ioanes mimarT. amdenad, SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom eklesiis mier saeklesio braldebis warmoebis dros upirvelesad xdeba braldebulis pi-rovnebis gamokvleva, raTa zemomoyvanil akrZalul pirebs ar mie-ceT ufleba, rom marTlmadidebeli qristianis mimarT awarmoon braldebis saqme. 3. saqmis aRZvris sxva safuZvlebi 3.1. gavrcelebuli cnoba konstantinopolis orgizis krebis me-15 kanonis komentarebis gan-xilvis dros Cven vnaxeT mniSvnelovani winapiroba, rac gulis-xmobda imas, rom Tuki episkoposis mier mwvaleblobis qadageba Ria da aSkaraa, aseT dros mis omoforqveS myof qristianebs uf-leba aqvT ganudgen mas, rogorc mwvalebels, miuxedavad imisa, rom sakrebo ganCineba amis Taobaze jer ar arsebobs. amasTan, sa-

113 ix. p. bumisi, dasax. naSromi, gv. 163 114 Дѣянiя Вселенскихъ Соборовъ, изданныя въ русскомъ переводѣ , при Казанской Духовной

Академiи, томъ I, Казанъ, 1910, gv. 204-207 115 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. V, gv. 97

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qarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debule-bis II Tavis $8-is Tanaxmad, `yovelgvari saCivris gareSe saqarTve-los eklesiis saeklesio kreba uflebamosilia pasuxi agebinos im mRvdelmTavars, romelic cxadad arRvevs saeklesio kanonebsa da wesdebebs.~ prof. berdnikovi aRniSnavs: `Zvel eklesiaSi saeklesio sasamar-Tlos hqonda sabraldebo xasiaTi... Tumca saeklesio xelisufleba ar yofila dakavSirebuli marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebasTan mxolod kerZo bralmdeblis iniciativiT. aSkara da yvelasTvis cnobil danaSaulze sasuliero xelisuflebas ar hqonia saWir-oeba dalodeboda bralmdebels; aq mas SeeZlo da valdebulic iyo braldebuli sasamarTlosaTvis gadaeca da daedo sasjeli~.116 aRniSnulTan mimarTebaSi uaRresad sainteresoa 1784 w. 1 noembriT daTariRebuli dikasteriis uwyeba dosiTeos nekreselisadmi uka-nono jvriswerisa da xeldasxmis Sesaxeb.117 rogorc uwyebidan ir-kveva nekresis eparqiaSi gavrcelebuli iyo saeklesio saidumloTa darRveviT Sesrulebis SemTxvevbi, ris gamoc dikasteriam gamosca 4-punqtiani miTiTebiTi brZaneba nekresis episkoposisadmi. sagu-lisxmo aq aris ganCinebis gamocemis safuZvlad arsebuli Se-savali, sadac aRniSnulia, rom `moguesma vieTganme sarwmunoTa da RmrTis-moSiSTa kacTagan...~. SegviZlia vifiqroT, rom sarwmuno, e.i. sando da amave dros keTilmorwmune (`RmrTis-moSiSi~) qristiane-bis mier gavrcelebuli cnoba dikasteriam CaTvala saqmis ganxil-vis dawyebisaTvis sakmaris pirobad. Semdeg irkveva isic, rom di-kasterias amis Semdeg detalurad ganuxilavs nekresis eparqiaSi Seqmnili kanonikuri viTareba, magram CvenTvis arsebiTi aris is, rom sayovelTaod gavrcelebuli cnoba SesaZlebelia gaxdes saq-mis aRZvris safuZveli da saamisod ar aris saWiro, rom konkre-tuli piris mier saTanado saeklesio organoSi wardgenil iqnes braldebis dokumenti. gavrcelebuli cnobis gamo aRiZra saqme da gankanonebul iqna ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis anadirisa da Cukotkis epis-koposi diomide.118 mis Sesaxeb samRvdelmTavro krebas ecnoba, rom ep. diomide eweoda antieklesiur saqmianobas, agreTve qadagebda marTlmadideblobis sawinaaRmdego moZRvrebas. 3.2. Semowmebis Sedegad miRebuli cnoba miuxedavad imisa, rom saeklesio kanonebiT pirdapir ar aris dadgenili saqmis aRZvris sxva safuZvlebi, rogorc mecnierTa Se-xedulebebi, ise Cven mier Seswavlili qarTuli saeklesio samara-Tlis Zeglebi amtkiceben, rom eklesiis samarTalwarmoeba icnobs

116 Краткiй курсъ церковнаго права, dasax. naSromi, gv. 184 117 qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III, gv. 949 118 Определение Освященного Архиерейского Собора Русской Православной Церкви 24-29 июня

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saqmis aRZvris sxva safuZvlebs, sadac, iseve rogorc zemomo-yvanili prof. berdnikovis msjelobidan, Cans saeklesio samara-Tlis procesis inkviziciuri xasiaTi. amdenad, saWirod vcaniT, rom es punqti calke gamogveyo. ganxiluli samecniero literatura da praqtika saSualebas gvaZlevs vivaraudoT, rom eklesia zedamxedvelobis wesiT yurad-Rebas aqcevda samRvdelo da saero pirTa mier saeklesio kanone-bis dacvas da saTanado zomebsac iRebda gamovlenili Secodebe-bis aRmosafxvrelad da SemcodeTa gansakanoneblad. ep. nikodimo-sis mosazrebiT, `saeklesio xelisufleba valdebulia zedamxed-veloba gauwios rogorc sasuliero dasis msaxurebiT damokide-bulebas, aseve maT cxovrebasa da qcevebs. amitom, mas unda hqondes ufleba Tavad, yovelgvari bralmdeblebis gareSe, daiwyos sasa-marTlo Zieba~.119 aRniSnuli mosazrebis sisworis dasturad xelT gvaqvs saqar-Tvelos saeklesio sasamarTlos _ dikasteriis 1800 wlis 15 dekembris brZaneba ninowmindeli mitropoliti ioanesadmi: `misis simaRlis mefis da imis uwmidesobisa brZaneba aris, ro

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