Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 1

Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

Russian Soviet Federative Socialist RepublicРоссийская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика

← 1917–1991 →

Flag (1954–1991) Coat of arms

AnthemWorker's Marseillaise (1917–1918)

The Internationale (1918–1944)National Anthem of the Soviet Union (1944–1991)

Patrioticheskaya Pesnya (1990–2000)a

Extent of the Russian SFSR within the Soviet Unionfollowing World War II (1954).

Capital Petrograd (1917–1918)Moscow (March 1918 – 1991)[1]

Languages Russianb

Government Federal Soviet republic

Head of state

- 1917 (first) Lev Kamenevc

- 1990-1991 (last) Boris Yeltsind

Head of government

- 1917-1924 (first) Vladimir Lenine

- 1990-1991 Ivan Silayevf

Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 2

- 1991 (last) Boris Yeltsing

Legislature VTsIK / All-Russian Congress (1917–38)Supreme Soviet (RSFSR) (1938–90)Supreme Soviet (RSFSR) / Congressof People's Deputies (1990–91)

Historical era 20th century

- October Revolution November 7, 1917

- Established November 9, 1917

- Renamed[2] into Russian Federation December 25, 1991

a. Remained the national anthem of Russia until 2000.

b. Official language in the courts from 1937.[3]

c. As Chairman of the VTsIK (All-Russian Central Executive Committee).

d. As Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, from May 29, 1990 toJuly 10, 1991, then as President of Russia.

e. As Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR

f. As Chairmen of the Council of Ministers — Government of the Russian SFSR

g. Served as acting head of government while President of Russia

Seven Hero City awardsThe Russian Democratic Federative Republic existed briefly on January 19, 1918, but actual sovereignty was still in the hands of the Soviets evenafter the Russian Constituent Assembly opened its first and last session.

The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian: Российская Советская ФедеративнаяСоциалистическая Республика[4], tr. Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika),commonly referred to as Soviet Russia, the Russian Federation, or simply Russia,[5] was a sovereign state (in1917–22 and 1990–91) and the largest, most populous, and most economically developed republic of the SovietUnion.[6] The Republic comprised sixteen autonomous republics, five autonomous oblasts, ten autonomous okrugs,six krais, and forty oblasts. Russians formed the largest ethnic group.The RSFSR was established on November 7, 1917 (October Revolution) as a sovereign state. The first Constitutionwas adopted in 1918. In 1922 Russian SFSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR.The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced inthe USSR. It wasWikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Chronological items the third largest producer ofpetroleum, trailing only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 institutes of higher education inthe republic providing education in 47 languages to some 23,941,000 students. A network of territorially-organizedpublic-health services provided health care. After 1985, the restructuring policies of the Gorbachev administrationrelatively liberalised the economy, which had gone stagnant since the late 1970s, with the introduction of non-stateowned enterprises such as cooperatives. The effects of market policies led to the failure of many enterprises and totalinstability by 1990.On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty. On June 12,1991, Boris Yeltsin was elected the first President. On December 8, 1991, heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarussigned the Belavezha Accords. The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its founder states (i.e.denunciation of 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR) and established the CIS. On December 12, the agreementwas ratified by the Russian Parliament, therefore Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSRand de facto declared Russia's independence from the USSR.

Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 3

On December 25, 1991, the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation (Russia). On December 26, 1991,the USSR was self-dissolved by the Council of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, a house ofSoviet parliament. After dissolution of the USSR, Russia declared that it assumed the rights and obligations of thedissolved central Soviet government, including UN membership.The new Russian constitution was adopted on December 12, 1993 after a constitutional crisis and abolished theSoviet system of government.

NomenclatureUnder the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet state on 7 November [O.S. 25

October] 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, wasoverthrown during the October Revolution. Initially, the state did not have an official name and wasn't recognized byneighboring countries for five months. Meanwhile, anti-Bolsheviks coined the mocking label "Sovdepia" for thenascent state of the "Soviets of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies".On January 25, 1918 the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets renamed the unrecognized state theSoviet Russian Republic.[7] The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, giving away much of theland of the former Russian Empire to Germany in exchange for peace during the rest of World War I. On July 10,1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic.[8]

By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire seceded, reducing the sizeof the country even more.Internationally, in 1920, the RSFSR was recognized as an independent state only by Estonia, Finland, Latvia andLithuania in the Treaty of Tartu and by the Irish Republic.[9]

On December 30, 1922, with the creation of the Soviet Union, Russia became one of six republics within thefederation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The final Soviet name for the republic, the Russian SovietFederative Socialist Republic, was adopted in the Soviet Constitution of 1936 — by that time, Soviet Russia gainedroughly the same borders of the old Tsardom of Russia before the Great Northern War of 1700.For most of the Soviet Union's existence, foreigners sometimes used "Russia" as a name for the Soviet Union as awhole, even though technically "Russia" was only one republic within the larger union - albeit by far the largest,most powerful and most highly developed.On December 25, 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the republic was renamed the RussianFederation, which it remains to this day.[10] This name and "Russia" were specified as the official state names in theApril 21, 1992 amendment to the existing constitution and were retained as such in the 1993 Constitution of Russia.

GeographyThe international borders of the RSFSR touched Poland on the west; Norway and Finland on the northwest; and toits southeast were the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People'sRepublic of China. Within the Soviet Union, the RSFSR bordered the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, Latvian andLithuanian SSRs to its west and Azerbaijan, Georgian and Kazakh SSRs to the south.Roughly 70% of the area in the RSFSR consisted of broad plains, with mountainous regions mainly concentrated inthe east. The area is rich in mineral resources, including petroleum, natural gas, and iron ore.

Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 4

History

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Timeline

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•• v•• t• e [11]

Early years (1917–20)The Soviet regime first came to power on November 7, 1917, immediately after the Russian ProvisionalGovernment, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown in the October Revolution. The state itgoverned, which did not have an official name, would be unrecognized by neighboring countries for another fivemonths.On January 25, 1918, at the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the unrecognized state wasrenamed the Soviet Russian Republic. On March 3, 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, giving awaymuch of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany, in exchange for peace in World War I. On July 10,1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire seceded, reducing the size ofthe country even more.

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The RSFSR was recognized as an independent state internationally by only Estonia, Finland, Latvia, and Lithuania,in the Treaty of Tartu in 1920.

1920sOn December 30, 1922, the First Congress of the Soviets of the USSR approved the Treaty on the Creation of theUSSR, by which Russia was united with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Byelorussian Soviet SocialistRepublic, and Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic into a single federal state, the Soviet Union. Latertreaty was included in the 1924 Soviet Constitution,Wikipedia:Please clarify adopted on January 31, 1924 by theSecond Congress of Soviets of the USSR.Paragraph 3 of Chapter 1 of the 1925 Constitution of the RSFSR states the following:[12]

By the will of the peoples of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, who decided on theformation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics during the Tenth All-Russian Congress of Soviets,the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, being a part of the Union of Soviet SocialistRepublics, devolves to the Union the powers which according to Article 1 of the Constitution of theUnion of Soviet Socialist Republics are included within the scope of responsibilities of the governmentbodies of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

1930sMany regions in Russia were affected by the Soviet famine of 1932–1933: Volga; Central Black Soil Region; NorthCaucasus; the Urals; the Crimea; part of Western Siberia; and the Kazak ASSR.With the adoption of the 1936 Soviet Constitution on December 5, 1936, the size of the RSFSR was significantlyreduced. The Kazakh ASSR and Kirghiz ASSR were transformed into the Kazakh and Kirghiz Soviet SocialistRepublics. The Karakalpak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic was transferred to the Uzbek SSR.The final name for the republic during the Soviet era was adopted by the Russian Constitution of 1937, whichrenamed it the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.

1940sOn October 11, 1944, the Tuvan People's Republic joined the Russian SFSR as the Tuvan Autonomous Oblast, in1961 becoming an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.At the end of World War II Soviet troops occupied southern Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands, making them partof the RSFSR. The status of the southernmost Kurils remains in dispute with Japan.On April 17, 1946, the Kaliningrad Oblast—the northern portion of the former German province of EastPrussia—was annexed by the Soviet Union and made part of the Russian SFSR.

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1950sNikita Khrushchev transferred Crimea from the Russian SFSR to the Ukrainian SSR in 1954.The Karelo-Finnish SSR was transferred back to the RSFSR as the Karelian ASSR in 1956.

Early 1990s

Flag adopted by the Russian SFSR nationalparliament in 1991

On May 29, 1990, at his third attempt, Boris Yeltsin was elected thechairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR.

On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies of the Republicadopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR,which was the beginning of the "War of Laws", pitting the SovietUnion against the Russian Federation and other constituent republics.

On March 17, 1991, an all-Russian referendum created the post ofPresident of the RSFSR. On June 12, Boris Yeltsin was electedPresident of Russia by popular vote.

During an unsuccessful coup attempt on August 19–21, 1991 in Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia,President of Russia Yeltsin strongly supported the President of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev.On August 23, after the failure of GKChP, in the presence of Gorbachev, Yeltsin signed a decree suspending allactivity by the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR in the territory of Russia.[13] On November 6, he went further,banning the Communist Parties of the USSR and the RSFSR from the territory of the RSFSR.[14]

On December 8, 1991, at Viskuli near Brest (Belarus), the President of the Russian SFSR and the heads ofByelorussian SSR and Ukrainian SSR signed the "Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth ofIndependent States" (known in media as Belavezha Accords). The document, consisting of a preamble and fourteenarticles, stated that the Soviet Union ceased to exist as a subject of international law and geopolitical reality.However, based on the historical community of peoples, relations between them, given the bilateral treaties, thedesire for a democratic rule of law, the intention to develop their relations based on mutual recognition and respectfor state sovereignty, the parties agreed to the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States. OnDecember 12, the agreement was ratified by the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR by an overwhelming majority:188 votes for, 6 against, 7 abstentions. On the same day, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR denounced theTreaty on the Creation of the USSR and recalled all Russian deputies from the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union.The legality of this act is the subject of discussions because, according to the 1978 Constitution (Basic Law) of theRussian SFSR, the Russian Supreme Soviet had no right to do so.[15] However, by this time the Soviet governmenthad been rendered more or less impotent, and was in no position to object.On December 24, Yeltsin informed the Secretary-General of the United Nations that the Russian Federation wouldassume the membership of the Soviet Union in all UN organs (including membership in the UN Security Council).Thus, Russia is considered to be an original member of the UN (since October 24, 1945) along with Ukraine(Ukrainian SSR) and Belarus (Byelorussian SSR).On December 25, the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation (Russia), and remains so to this day.[2]

The change was originally published on January 6, 1992 (Rossiyskaya Gazeta). According to law, during 1992, itwas allowed to use the old name of the RSFSR for official business (forms, seals and stamps).The Russian Federation's Constitution (Fundamental Law) of 1978, though with the 1991–1992 Amendements,remained in effect until the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis.The name "Russian Federation" has been also used in Soviet times.[16]

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GovernmentThe Government was known officially as the Council of People's Commissars (1917–1946), Council of Ministers(1946–1978) and Council of Ministers–Government (1978–1991). The first government was headed by VladimirLenin as "Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR" and the last by Boris Yeltsin asboth head of government and head of state under the title "President".The Russian SFSR was controlled by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, until the abortive 1991 August coup,which prompted President Yeltsin to suspend the recently created Communist Party of the Russian SFSR.

Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics (ASSRs) within the Russian SFSR• Turkestan ASSR – Formed on April 30, 1918, on the territory of the former Turkestan General-Governorate. As

part of the delimitation programme of Soviet Central Asia, the Turkestan ASSR along with the Khorezm SSR andthe Bukharan PSR were disbanded on October 27, 1924, and in their place came the Union republics of TurkmenSSR and Uzbek SSR. The latter contained the Tajik ASSR until December 1929 when it too became a full Unionrepublic, the Tajik SSR. The RSFSR retained the newly formed Kara-Kirghiz and the Kara-Kalpak AutonomousOblasts. The latter was part of the Kirgiz, then the Kazak ASSR until 1930, when it was directly subordinated toMoscow.

• Bashkir ASSR – Formed on March 23, 1919 from several northern districts of the Orenburg Guberniya populatedby Bashkirs. On October 11, 1990, it declared its sovereignty, as the Bashkir SSR, which was renamed in 1992the Republic of Bashkortostan.

• Tatar ASSR – Formed on May 27, 1920 on the territory of the western two thirds of the Kazan Governoratepopulated by Tatars. On October 30, 1990, declared sovereignty as the Republic of Tatarstan and on October 18,1991 it declared its independence. The Russian constitutional court overturned the declaration on March 13, 1992.In February 1994, a separate agreement was reached with Moscow on the status of Tatarstan as an associate statein Russia with confederate status.

• Kirgiz ASSR Formed on August 26, 1920, from the Ural, Turgay, Semipalatinsk Oblasts, and parts ofTranscaspia, Bukey Horde and Orenburg Guberniya populated by Kirgiz-Kaysaks (former name of Kazakhpeople). Further enlarged in 1921 upon gaining land from Omsk Guberniya and again in 1924 from parts ofJetysui Guberniya and Syr Darya and Samarkand Oblasts. On 19 April 1925 renamed as the Kazak ASSR (seebelow)

• Mountain ASSR Formed on January 20, 1921, after the Bolshevik Red Army evicted the short-lived MountainousRepublic of the Northern Caucasus. Initially composed of several national districts; one-by-one these left therepublic until November 7, 1924, when the remains of the republic was partitioned into the Ingush AutonomousOblast, the North Ossetian Autonomous Oblast and the Sunzha Cossack district (all subordinates to the NorthCaucasus Kray).

• Dagestan ASSR – Formed on January 20, 1921, from the former Dagestan Oblast. On September 17 1991, itdeclared sovereignty as the Dagestan SSR.

• Crimean ASSR Formed on October 18, 1921, on the territory of Crimean peninsula, following the Red Army'seviction of Baron Wrangel's army, ending the Russian Civil War in Europe. On May 18, 1944, it wasdisbandedWikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch#Unsupported attributions following the deportation of theCrimean Tatars and transformed into Crimean Oblast. On February 19, 1954, it was transferred to the UkrainianSSR. Re-established on February 12 1991, it declared sovereignty on September 4 of that year. On May 5 1992, itdeclared independence as the Republic of Crimea, on May 13; the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine overturned thedeclaration, but compromised on an Autonomous Republic of Crimea, which exists to this day.

• Yakut ASSR – Formed on February 16 1922 upon the elevation of the Yakut Autonomous Oblast into an ASSR.On September 27, 1990, it declared sovereignty as the Yakut-Sakha Soviet Socialist Republic. From December 21,1991, it has been known as the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 8

• Buryat ASSR – Formed on March 30, 1923 as due to merger of the Mongol-Buryat Autonomous Oblast of theRSFSR and the Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Oblast of the Far Eastern Republic. Until 7 July 1958 –Mongol-Buryat ASSR. On March 27, 1991 it became the Republic of Buryatia.

• Karelian ASSR – Formed on July 23, 1923 when the Karelian Labor Commune was integrated into the RSFSR'sadministrative structure. On March 31, 1940, it was elevated into a full Union republic as the Karelo-FinnishSSR. On July 16, 1956, it was downgraded in status to that of an ASSR and re-subordinated to RSFSR. Itdeclared sovereignty on October 13 1991 as the Republic of Karelia.

• Volga German ASSR – Formed on December 19, 1924, upon elevation of the Volga German Autonomous Oblastinto an ASSR. On August 28, 1941, upon the deportation of Volga Germans to Kazakhstan, the ASSR wasdisbanded. The territory was partitioned between the Saratov and Stalingrad Oblasts.

• Kazak ASSR was formed on April 19, 1925, when the first Kirgiz ASSR was renamed and partitioned. Upon theratification of the new Soviet constitution, the ASSR was elevated into a full Union Republic on December 3,1936. On October 25, 1990, it declared sovereignty and on December 16, 1991 its independence as the Republicof Kazakhstan.

• Chuvash ASSR – Formed on April 21, 1925 upon the elevation of the Chuvash Autonomous Olbast into anASSR. It declared sovereignty on October 26 1990 as the Chuvash SSR.

• Kirghiz ASSR was formed on February 1, 1926 upon elevation of the Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast. Upon theratification of the new Soviet constitution, the ASSR was elevated into a full Union Republic on December 3,1936. On December 12, 1990, it declared sovereignty as the Republic of Kyrgyzstan and on August 31, 1991 itsindependence.

• Kara-Kalpak ASSR – Formed on March 20, 1932 upon elevation of the Kara-Kalpak Autonomous Oblast into theKara-Kalpak ASSR; from December 5 1936 a part of the Uzbek SSR. In 1964, it was renamed the KarakalpakASSR. It declared sovereignty on December 14, 1990.

• Mordovian ASSR – Formed on December 20, 1934 upon the elevation of Mordovian Autonomous Oblast into anASSR. It declared sovereignty on December 13, 1990 as the Mordovian SSR. Since January 25, 1991 it has beenknown as the Republic of Mordovia.

• Udmurt ASSR was formed on December 28, 1934 upon the elevation of Udmurt Autonomous Oblast into anASSR. It declared sovereignty on September 20, 1990. Since October 11, 1991 it has been known as the UdmurtRepublic.

• Kalmyk ASSR was formed on October 20 1935 upon the elevation of Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast into an ASSR.On December 27, 1943, upon the deportation of the Kalmyks, the ASSR was disbanded and split between thenewly established Astrakhan Oblast and parts adjoined to Rostov Oblast, Krasnodar Krai, and Stavropol Krai. OnJanuary 9, 1957, Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast was re-established in its present borders, first as a part of StavropolKrai and from July 19, 1958 as a part of the Kalmyk ASSR. On October 18, 1990, it declared sovereignty as theKalmyk SSR.

• Kabardino-Balkar ASSR – Formed on 5 December 1936, upon the departure of the Kabardino-BalkarAutonomous Oblast from the North Caucasus Kray. After the deportation of the Balkars on 8 April 1944, therepublic is renamed as Kabardin ASSR and parts of its territory transferred to Georgian SSR, upon the return ofthe Balkars, the KBASSR is re-instated on 9 January 1957. On 31 January 1991, the republic declared sovereigntyas the Kabardino-Balkar SSR, and from 10 March 1992 – Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.

• Northern Ossetian ASSR – Formed on 5 December 1936, upon the disbandment of the North Caucasus Kray, andits constituent North Ossetian Autonomous Oblast was raised into an ASSR. Declared sovereignty on 26December 1990 as the North Ossetian SSR.

• Chechen-Ingush ASSR – Formed on 5 December 1936, when the North Caucausus Kray was disestablished and its constituent Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Oblast was elevated into an ASSR and subordinated to Moscow. Following the en masse deportation of the Chechens and Ingush, on 7 March 1944, the ChIASSR was disbanded, and the Grozny Okrug was temporarily administered by Stavropol Kray until the 22 March, when the territory

Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 9

was portioned between North Ossetian and Dagestan ASSRs, and the Georgian SSR. The remaining land wasmerged with Stavropol Krays Kizlyar district and organised as Grozny Oblast, which existed until 9 January1957, when the ChIASSR was re-established, though only the southern border's original shape was retained.Declared sovereignty on 27 November 1990 as the Chechen-Ingush Republic. On 8 June 1991, the 2nd ChechenNational Congress proclaimed a separate Chechen-Republic (Noxchi-Cho), and on 6 September, began a coupwhich overthrew the Soviet local government. De facto, all authority passed to the self-proclaimed governmentwhich was renamed as the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria in early 1993. In response, the western Ingush districtsafter a referendum on 28 November 1991, were organised into an Ingush Republic which was officiallyestablished on 4 June 1992, by decree of Russian President as the Republic of Ingushetia. The same decree de jurecreated a Chechen republic, although it would be established only on 3 June 1994 and carry out partialgovernance during the First Chechen War. The Khasavyurt Accord would again suspend the government on 15November 1996. The present Chechen Republic government was re-established on 15 October 1999.

• Komi ASSR – Formed on 5 December 1936 upon the elevation of the Komi (Zyryan) Autonomous Oblast into anASSR. Declared sovereignty on 23 November 1990 as the Komi SSR. From 26 May 1992 – the Republic ofKomi.

• Mari ASSR – Formed on 5 December 1936 upon the elevation of the Mari Autonomous Oblast into an ASSR.Declared Sovereignty on 22 December 1990 as the Mari Soviet Socialist Republic (Mari El).

• Tuva ASSR – Formed on 10 October 1961 when the Tuva Autonomous Oblast was elevatedWikipedia:Manual ofStyle/Words to watch#Unsupported attributions into an ASSR. On 12 December 1990 declared sovereignty as theSoviet Republic of Tyva.

• Gorno-Altai ASSR was formed on October 25, 1990, when Gorno-Altai Autonomous Oblast declaredsovereignty; since July 3, 1991 it has been known as the Gorno-Altai SSR.

• Karachayevo-Cherkessian ASSR was formed on November 17, 1990, when Karachay-Cherkess AutonomousOblast was elevated into an ASSR and, instead of Stavropol Krai, subordinated directly to the RSFSR. It declaredsovereignty on July 3, 1991 as the Karachay-Cherkess SSR.

References[1] LENINE'S MIGRATION A QUEER SCENE (http:/ / query. nytimes. com/ mem/ archive-free/ pdf?_r=1&

res=9A02E0DF103BEE3ABC4E52DFB5668383609EDE), Arthur Ransome for The New York Times, March 16, 1918.[2] Закон РСФСР от 25 декабря 1991 года № 2094-I «Об изменении названия государства „Российская Советская Федеративная

Социалистическая Республика“» (http:/ / www. humanities. edu. ru/ db/ msg/ 12047) // Ведомости Съезда народных депутатов РСФСР иВерховного Совета РСФСР. — 1992. — № 2. — ст. 62.

[3] article 114 of the 1937 Constitution, article 171 of the 1978 Constitution[4] Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика (http:/ / www. cultinfo. ru/ fulltext/ 1/ 001/ 008/ 107/ 015. htm)[5] Declaration of Rights of the laboring and exploited people ( original VTsIK variant (http:/ / www. marx2mao. com/ Lenin/ DRWP18. html),

III Congress revision (http:/ / www. russiannewsnetwork. com/ article1. html)), article I[6] The Free Dictionary Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic (http:/ / encyclopedia2. thefreedictionary. com/ Russian+ Soviet+

Federated+ Socialist+ Republic+ RSFSR). Encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com. Retrieved on 22 June 2011.[7] Declaration on the rights of working and exploited people (http:/ / www. hist. msu. ru/ ER/ Etext/ DEKRET/ declarat. htm). Hist.msu.ru.

Retrieved on June 22, 2011.[8] Soviet Russia information (http:/ / russians. net/ ). Russians.net (August 23, 1943). Retrieved on June 22, 2011.[9] Carr, EH The Bolshevik Revolution 1917-23, vol 3 Penguin Books, London, 4th reprint (1983), pp. 257-258. The draft treaty was published

for propaganda purposes in the 1921 British document Intercourse between Bolshevism and Sinn Fein (Cmd 1326).[10] Chronicle of Events (http:/ / marxistsfr. org/ history/ ussr/ government/ 1928/ sufds/ ch28. htm). Marxistsfr.org. Retrieved on June 22, 2011.[11] http:/ / en. wikipedia. org/ w/ index. php?title=Template:History_of_Russia& action=edit[12] Constitution (Basic Law) of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (approved by Twelfth All-Russian Congress of Soviets on

May 11, 1925).[13][13] Decree of the President of the Russian SFSR of August 23, 1991 No. 79[14][14] Decree of the President of the Russian SFSR 06.11. 1991 N169 "On activity of the CPSU and the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR"[15] The Russian SFSR has constitutional right to "freely seccede from the Soviet Union" (art. 69 of the RSFSR Constitution, Article 72 of the

USSR Constitution), but according to USSR laws 1409-I (enacted on April 3, 1990) and 1457-I (http:/ / iv. garant. ru/ SESSION/ PILOT/

loadfavorite. html?pid=6335703& page=1& para_id=2147483649) (enacted on April 26, 1990) this can be done only by a referendum and

Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 10

only if two-thirds of all registered voters of the republic has supported that motion. No special referendum on the seccession from the USSRwas held in the RSFSR

[16] See for example, the log of the meeting of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on February 19, 1954 (http:/ / www. rg. ru/ 2004/ 02/ 19/stenogramma. html) (in Russian)

External links• (Russian) Full Texts and All Laws Amending Constitutions of the Russian SFSR (http:/ / constitution. garant. ru/

DOC_0000810003000. htm)• Russian Federation; The Whole Republic a Construction Site (http:/ / www. archive. org/ details/

RussianSocialistFederalSovietRepublicTheWholeRepublicAConstruction) by D. S. Polyanski.• Full 1918 RSFSR Constitution (http:/ / www. marxists. org/ history/ ussr/ government/ constitution/ 1918/ index.

htm)

Article Sources and Contributors 11

Article Sources and ContributorsRussian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=596484160  Contributors: 26 Ramadan, 4twenty42o, A.h. king, AUSTRALIIAN, AdriánV.M., Aetheling1125, Afrasclient, Againme, Agent 86, Aitias, Aivazovsky, Alansohn, Aleksa Lukic, Aleksa Milićević, Aleksandr Grigoryev, Alexander Gerashchenko, Allens, Altales Teriadem,Altenmann, Amakuru, Amerias, AndrewHowse, Angrysockhop, Aris Katsaris, Arthur Rubin, ArticleTouch-up, Asath, Asnapable, Atethnekos, Atrix20, Avicennasis, AwamerT, Bananasims,Barefact, Bearg, Bellerophon5685, Birdhurst, Blanchardb, Bluuuueee coooow, Bolegash, Bped1985, BrantRock98, Brayneeah360, Brendan Moody, Brianhe, Bry9000, Bulatych, Bullmoosebell,CWY2190, Caltas, Capricorn42, Captain Obvious and his crime-fighting dog, Cbr.ee, Ccccccccccc, Cendes, Chochopk, Chriswheeldon, CieloEstrellado, Cl!ckpop, Clarityfiend, Cloudz679,Cmapm, Cnator2, Colchicum, Corinaisstalin, Cowik, Crzrussian, Cyberpower678, D Boland, D6, DAVED1590, Daniel C. Boyer, David Gerard, Davidfreesefan23, Davone jordan, Debresser,Dekisugi, Delirium, Dendodge, Deor, DerHexer, Devolving, Diannaa, Discospinster, DmitryKo, Dojarca, Download, Dwarf Kirlston, EL Wardo44, Eballnik, EddieHugh, Egmontaz, Eiler6,Elnod, Eman0814, Endofskull, Epbr123, Erik Kennedy, EugeneZelenko, Evaders99, Exiledone, Explendido Rocha, Ezhiki, Failofbeener, FayrenLorne, Fedoroff, Feedmecereal, Fonzy, Fram,Freakdud, Froztbyte, Fry1989, Funnyfarmofdoom, Futurist110, G-Man, GTBacchus, Gail, George2001hi, Ginsengbomb, Giraffedata, Gob Lofa, Golbez, Good Olfactory, Gr8white, Grafen,GrahamNoyes, Gran2, Greatgavini, Greenshed, Greyhood, Gyashinero, HIDECCHI001, HMSSolent, HangingCurve, HarDNox, Hazhk, Hellbus, Herbal Lemon, Herocity, Himanguybla, Humors,Hvn0413, Ian.thomson, Illegitimate Barrister, Ilyushka88, Imprison RRance, In twilight, Incnis Mrsi, Invento man, Iohannes Animosus, Iokseng, Irpen, Ivario, J.P.Lon, J.delanoy, JBH23, Jab843,Jaywubba1887, Jdixon1299, Jim1138, Jimp, Jimtaip, Jncraton, Joao Xavier, John of Reading, Johnamacdonald, Joseph Solis in Australia, Joshua, KNewman, Kallabunga1, Kami888,Kangaroopower, Kaynenl, Kevinbasil, Kingal86, Kinkykatkat, Kipala, Kjhgfhjfshhgfd, KlementyNagorny, Korny O'Near, Kpufferfish, Kr0n05931, Kuralyov, Kwamikagami, LOL, Lacrimosus,Lairor, Leutha, Lightmouse, LilHelpa, LittleDan, Lstanley1979, Lvivske, M samadi, M.O.X, M1tk4, MPorciusCato, MaGioZal, Mada1337, Man77, Mandarax, Manecke, Marc Venot, Martarius,Materialscientist, MaxBech1975, Maximaximax, Maximillian007, Mdebets, Meepsheep7, Melchoir, Michaelwuzthere, Mike s, MilFlyboy, Mnmazur, Moeron, Molly-in-md, Monedula, MorsPrincipium Est, Morwen, Mr Gronk, Mr Psi, Mrjuan25, Mukadderat, Muscovite99, MykReeve, Mzajac, NPrice, NTox, NawlinWiki, Nickj, Nicolas Love, Nicolay Sidorov, Nikodemos, Nimora,Nsk92, NuclearVacuum, Odengatan, Oenie, Ohconfucius, Oleg Bukharin, Omnipaedista, OwenBlacker, PC1996, PasswordUsername, Paste, Pat Payne, Pat777, PaulHanson, PaulVIF, Pavelmorozov3, PaxEquilibrium, Pb30, Pearle, Peter James, Petri Krohn, Philip Trueman, PhnomPencil, Piast93, PrincessofLlyr, Prison5, Psychonaut, PuddyTroll, Pudeo, Quentonamos, QuiSicperelo,Quibik, R-41, RSido, Randykitty, Ratpackcassidy, Reaper Eternal, Redrose64, Reezuno, Rehnn83, Renata3, Res2216firestar, Riana, Rich Farmbrough, Richard Weil, RiverStyx23, Rivertorch,Riwnodennyk, Rk609, Rm1271, Roadrunner, Robin12hk, Ruhrjung, Ryanndrob, SM, Sacar123, SagedayRochellePark, Samuel 69105, Sangjinhwa, Scarian, SchreiberBike, ScottSteiner, SeNeKa,Seryo93, Shadowxfox, Sin un nomine, SkyWalker, SlamDiego, Smith2006, SmokeyTokes, Snowolf, Solar-Wind, Solvethecolor, Someguy199, Sophie means wisdom, Southrook, Soviet russia12234, SpaceFlight89, Srnec, StAnselm, StalwartUK, Stephenchou0722, Steven Zhang, Stinkehund, Styrofoam1994, SuperHamster, SusikMkr, TRAJAN 117, TYelliot, Tabletop, Tahir mq,Takowl, TarzanASG, Tavrian, Tb, Tbhotch, ThatRusskiiGuy, The Almightey Drill, The Letter J, The Rambling Man, The Thing That Should Not Be, TheOldJacobite, Thedjatclubrock,Thehighestpower, Themane2, Thepersonwhowrotehisusernamehere, Thezackster16, Tide rolls, Tinton5, Tohd8BohaithuGh1, Trav1085, Triddle, Trusilver, Trust Is All You Need, Varlaam,Viktornigg, Vinhtantran, Vlad Tepes IV, Vmenkov, Volker89, Wassermann, Wavelength, Webclient101, WhisperToMe, Wikipeditor, Wikipelli, Wikiuser17, Wildthing61476, WilliamTheaker,Winterst, Wknight94, Woohookitty, Writerzakwynn, Writtenright, Yahnatan, Yintan, Zeitlupe, Zibran 2, Zscout370, Zvn, Zzuuzz, Σ, Дадададададададада, 546 anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsFile:Flag of Russia.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Russia.svg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Anomie, Zscout370File:Flag of Russia (1991-1993).svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Russia_(1991-1993).svg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: svg by R-41, reworked byPianistFile:Flag of Russian SFSR.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Russian_SFSR.svg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: PianistFile:COA Russian SFSR.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:COA_Russian_SFSR.svg  License: unknown  Contributors: -File:Soviet Union - Russia.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Soviet_Union_-_Russia.svg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors:User:ShadowxfoxFile:Hero of the USSR.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Hero_of_the_USSR.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Original uploader was Irpen at en.wikipediaLater version(s) were uploaded by Zscout370 at en.wikipedia.File:Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg  License: Creative CommonsAttribution-Sharealike 2.0  Contributors: Федеральный конституционный закон «О Государственном гербе Российской Федерации»File:Flag of Russia 1991-1993.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Russia_1991-1993.svg  License: unknown  Contributors: -

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