Russian Rulers Seminar
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Transcript of Russian Rulers Seminar
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Russian Rulers Seminar
Alrighty then!
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Aims
• Recap key personality points of leaders.
• Aim to demonstrate similarities and differences and examine impact on their rule.
• Consider changes in circumstance and analyse reactions to challenges.
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Alexander II – 1855-81• Tsar after Nic I and
Crimean War.• Emancipation of the Serfs.• Reformed schools and
created Zemstva.• Greater press freedom.• 1866 1st assassination
attempt so ended reform.• Assassinated by People’s
Will in 1881.
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Alexander III – 1881-94• “Grim duty” to rule.• Military background, wanted
stability and autocracy.• Increased Russification and
repression.• 1883 Peasant Bank
established and 1886 abolished poll tax.
• 1889 Land Captains kept peasants in line.
• 1891 saw huge famine, slow to act.
• Died at 49 in 1894.
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Nicholas II (frankly useless) – 1894-1918
• Very weak and inexperienced. Made many errors
• Announced October Manifesto in 1905 after Russo-Japanese War and the creation of the Duma in 1906. Did not respect these.
• Went into WWI and took charge at the front, disastrous campaign.
• Oversaw huge opposition and was forced to abdicate in 1917.
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Write, reduce, create task
Write down as much as you can about the Tsars.
Now reduce that to six key words.
Now re-create using a mime/poem/pose/dance/items on your desk. BE CREATIVE, MAKE IT MEMORABLE.
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Provisional Government – March – October 1917
• Temporary government to fill vacuum after Nic II abdicated.
• Led by Alexander Kerensky, PM from July.
• Associated with old regime.
• Survived coup by General Kornilov in August.
• Dominated by Petrograd Soviet and caved in to the Bolsheviks in October.
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Lenin – 1917-1924• Brother executed after
assassination attempt.• Spent years in exile.• Led Bolsheviks.• Returned to Russia in 1905
and 1917, but peripheral figure.
• Introduced War Communism and the N.E.P.
• Immobilised by strokes and died in 1924 with no heir apparent.
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Stalin – 1928-53• Georgian, spent time in exile, allied
to Lenin.• Appointed General Secretary in
1922.• 1922-27 jostled for power with
other Communist figures.• Expelled rivals in 1927 Party
Congress.• 1928 = 5 Year Plan, 1929 =
collectivisation.• 1936-38 = Great Terror after earlier
thaw.• Began restructuring after WWII,
devised initial strategies of Cold War.
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Khrushchev – 1956-64• Ukrainian son of peasants.• First Secretary of Moscow
Party 1935, FS of Ukraine 1938.• Responsible for Stalingrad in
WWII.• 1953-56 jostled for power and
began to dominate.• 1956 began de-stalinisation.• 1957 began decentralisation.• 1961-64 dealt with Cold War
crises.• Removed from power in 1964.
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Comparable Comparables
Tsars• Used force to repress, i.e.
Nic II in 1905.
Commissars• Used force to repress, but
to a greater degree, i.e. Stalin’s purges.
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To what extent did Stalin have the biggest impact on Russia
between 1850-1964?
Aim to compare leaders and their achievements.
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To what extent did Stalin have the biggest impact on Russia between 1850-1964?
• How could you answer this question?
• Create an argument based what we have discussed in terms of leaders.