Rulers of Germany

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I. Mladjov, Page 1/180 GERMANY (DEUTSCHLAND) AND HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE (HEILIGES RÖMISCHES REICH) The kingdom of the East Franks (eventually identified as an Alamannian, Teutonic, or German monarchy) formed at the Treaty of Verdun and its division of the Frankish Empire in 843. On the extinction of the Carolingian House in 911, the throne passed by election to the Houses of the Conradines of Franconia and the Liudolfings of Saxony. In 962 king Otto I was crowned emperor by the pope, and the German kingdom entered a personal union with the Italian kingdom into what eventually came to be known as the Holy Roman Empire. The kingdom of Burgundy (Arelate) was added to this personal union in 1032. In legal terms the arrangement was to last until the formal dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, although by then imperial rule had all but disappeared from any part of Burgundy and Italy and the feudal principalities of Germany had become largely autonomous. Emperor Napoléon I of the French established the puppet Confederation of the Rhine (1806–1814) to dominate most of the German states after the last emperor Franz II had abdicated and contented himself with his Austrian and central European possessions. The Confederation of the Rhine was succeeded by the German Confederation (1815–1866), set up by the Congress of Berlin, and generally under the presidency of the Austrian emperor. At the end of this period Austria’s dominant position was terminated by Prussia, and the Austrian possessions were definitively separated from the German states. After dominating the North German Confederation (1867–1871), Prussia became the cornerstone of a single, albeit federal state in 1871, when most of the sovereign states that had formed out of the Holy Roman Empire joined together in the German Empire. By far the strongest and largest of its component states was the kingdom of Prussia, whose kings served as German emperors until the deposition of all German monarchs at the end of World War I in 1918, when Germany became a republic. The royal and imperial succession in the Holy Roman Empire was perceived as at least partly subject to election (corresponding to both Roman and Frankish notions of charismatic monarchy). Even when a designated and unchallenged successor was available, imperial status technically had to be conferred by the pope, although the second and third emperors were actually first appointed by their respective fathers. Therefore, until crowned by the pope, a monarch remained only king of the Franks or, in German medieval terminology, “king of the Romans.” The monarchs were simultaneously kings of Italy (or of the Lombards) and, since 1032, of Burgundy (or of Arles). The imperial title, although theoretically elective, remained firmly attached to the German monarchy; nevertheless, several German kings failed to secure an imperial coronation (most notably in the period 1250–1308). Starting with the Investiture Controversy between emperor Heinrich IV (1056–1105) and Pope Gregorius VII, the de facto hereditary succession was undermined, and the state evolved into a truly elective monarchy in spite of the efforts of the Hohenstaufen dynasty (1138–1254). This exacerbated the preexisting problems posed by the lack of centralization, and in the long term fatally weakened the state. The right to elect an emperor became vested in group of four secular and three ecclesiastical princes, an arrangement crystallized in the Golden Bull of emperor Karl IV (1346–1378) from 1356. Elective kings and emperors had to rely on their personal possessions and revenues, and enjoyed the single practical advantage of disposing of fiefs that had become vacant to the advantage of their own families. During the reign of emperor Ludwig IV (1314–1347) it was decided that the elected king of Germany may use the imperial title even if the pope refused to crown him emperor. This decision was put into practice in 1508, when Maximilian I (1493–1519) assumed the imperial title at Trent and decreed that a monarch was emperor from the time of his election. The Habsburg dynasty monopolized the throne from 1438, and from 1486 to 1765 the title “king of the Romans” was used for junior co-rulers associated with their fathers. The Protestant Reformation and the Treaty of Augsburg (1555) further eroded the monarch’s authority over the German principalities, as it provided local rulers with the freedom of choosing between Catholicism and Lutheranism as the religion of their subjects. The last vestiges of actual imperial power as such were undermined by the Thirty Years War and the Treaty of Westphalia (1648). Franz II took the title emperor of Austria in 1804, and in 1806 abdicated as Holy Roman emperor and king of its constituent monarchies. A succession of confederacies under mostly Austrian presidency was followed by the Prussian-dominated German Empire in 1871. This strong but federated entity survived until 1918. The kings of the East Franks were designated rex Francorum, but by the 11 th century they were called Romanorum rex until crowned emperor by the pope. The neo-Roman emperors were called Imperator and Augustus in Latin and Kaiser in German. There is some inconsistency in the numbering of monarchs as emperor or king (especially Ludwig IV/V and Friedrich III/IV, with the lower, imperial, numbers being preferred). The list below includes East Frankish/German monarchs from the start of the Carolingian Dynasty in 751. This is

description

Chronology Rulers of Germany

Transcript of Rulers of Germany

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GERMANY (DEUTSCHLAND) AND HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE (HEILIGES RÖMISCHES REICH)

The kingdom of the East Franks (eventually identified as an Alamannian, Teutonic, or German monarchy) formed at the Treaty of Verdun and its division of the Frankish Empire in 843. On the extinction of the Carolingian House in 911, the throne passed by election to the Houses of the Conradines of Franconia and the Liudolfings of Saxony. In 962 king Otto I was crowned emperor by the pope, and the German kingdom entered a personal union with the Italian kingdom into what eventually came to be known as the Holy Roman Empire. The kingdom of Burgundy (Arelate) was added to this personal union in 1032. In legal terms the arrangement was to last until the formal dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, although by then imperial rule had all but disappeared from any part of Burgundy and Italy and the feudal principalities of Germany had become largely autonomous. Emperor Napoléon I of the French established the puppet Confederation of the Rhine (1806–1814) to dominate most of the German states after the last emperor Franz II had abdicated and contented himself with his Austrian and central European possessions. The Confederation of the Rhine was succeeded by the German Confederation (1815–1866), set up by the Congress of Berlin, and generally under the presidency of the Austrian emperor. At the end of this period Austria’s dominant position was terminated by Prussia, and the Austrian possessions were definitively separated from the German states. After dominating the North German Confederation (1867–1871), Prussia became the cornerstone of a single, albeit federal state in 1871, when most of the sovereign states that had formed out of the Holy Roman Empire joined together in the German Empire. By far the strongest and largest of its component states was the kingdom of Prussia, whose kings served as German emperors until the deposition of all German monarchs at the end of World War I in 1918, when Germany became a republic.

The royal and imperial succession in the Holy Roman Empire was perceived as at least partly subject to election (corresponding to both Roman and Frankish notions of charismatic monarchy). Even when a designated and unchallenged successor was available, imperial status technically had to be conferred by the pope, although the second and third emperors were actually first appointed by their respective fathers. Therefore, until crowned by the pope, a monarch remained only king of the Franks or, in German medieval terminology, “king of the Romans.” The monarchs were simultaneously kings of Italy (or of the Lombards) and, since 1032, of Burgundy (or of Arles). The imperial title, although theoretically elective, remained firmly attached to the German monarchy; nevertheless, several German kings failed to secure an imperial coronation (most notably in the period 1250–1308). Starting with the Investiture Controversy between emperor Heinrich IV (1056–1105) and Pope Gregorius VII, the de facto hereditary succession was undermined, and the state evolved into a truly elective monarchy in spite of the efforts of the Hohenstaufen dynasty (1138–1254). This exacerbated the preexisting problems posed by the lack of centralization, and in the long term fatally weakened the state. The right to elect an emperor became vested in group of four secular and three ecclesiastical princes, an arrangement crystallized in the Golden Bull of emperor Karl IV (1346–1378) from 1356. Elective kings and emperors had to rely on their personal possessions and revenues, and enjoyed the single practical advantage of disposing of fiefs that had become vacant to the advantage of their own families. During the reign of emperor Ludwig IV (1314–1347) it was decided that the elected king of Germany may use the imperial title even if the pope refused to crown him emperor. This decision was put into practice in 1508, when Maximilian I (1493–1519) assumed the imperial title at Trent and decreed that a monarch was emperor from the time of his election. The Habsburg dynasty monopolized the throne from 1438, and from 1486 to 1765 the title “king of the Romans” was used for junior co-rulers associated with their fathers. The Protestant Reformation and the Treaty of Augsburg (1555) further eroded the monarch’s authority over the German principalities, as it provided local rulers with the freedom of choosing between Catholicism and Lutheranism as the religion of their subjects. The last vestiges of actual imperial power as such were undermined by the Thirty Years War and the Treaty of Westphalia (1648). Franz II took the title emperor of Austria in 1804, and in 1806 abdicated as Holy Roman emperor and king of its constituent monarchies. A succession of confederacies under mostly Austrian presidency was followed by the Prussian-dominated German Empire in 1871. This strong but federated entity survived until 1918.

The kings of the East Franks were designated rex Francorum, but by the 11th century they were called Romanorum rex until crowned emperor by the pope. The neo-Roman emperors were called Imperator and Augustus in Latin and Kaiser in German. There is some inconsistency in the numbering of monarchs as emperor or king (especially Ludwig IV/V and Friedrich III/IV, with the lower, imperial, numbers being preferred). The list below includes East Frankish/German monarchs from the start of the Carolingian Dynasty in 751. This is

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followed by the secular states whose rulers acquired the status of imperial elector (Kurfürst) or imperial prince (Reichsfürst) by 1806, membership in the German Confederations or German Empire, or had been a “tribal” duchy of the East Frankish kingdom (Bavaria, Franconia, Lorraine, Saxony, Swabia), and a selection of other principalities. The Austrian Empire and its constituents (including the lands of the Bohemian crown), Burgundy, Italy, Liechtenstein, the modern countries of Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands are listed separately, and Silesia is listed under Poland. Use of non-German name forms reflects linguistic frontiers.

East Frankish/German (Roman) kings (and emperors of the Holy Roman Empire)

Carolingian House 751–768 Pippin, the Short … son of Karl Martel, maior domus of the Franks 768–814 Karl I, the Great (Charlemagne) 1… son of Pippin; Italy 774–781; emperor 800

& 768–771 Karlmann I … son of Pippin + Karl, the Younger … son of Karl I; associated 800–811

814–833 Ludwig I, the Pious … son of Karl I; Aquitaine 781–817; Italy 818–820; emperor 813; deposed + Karl II, the Bald … son of Ludwig I; associated in Swabia 829–833; Aquitaine 832–834

and 838–845; France 843–877; Italy 875–877; emperor 875 833–834 Lothar I … son of Ludwig I; emperor 817; Italy 820–839; deposed 834–840 Ludwig I, the Pious … restored 840–843 Lothar I … restored; deposed; Middle Francia 843–855 843–876 Ludwig II, the German … son of Ludwig I; associated in Bavaria 817 876–880 Karlmann II … son of Ludwig II; in Bavaria; Italy 877–879

& 876–882 Ludwig III … son of Ludwig II; in Saxony; also Bavaria 880–882 & 876–887 Karl III, the Fat … son of Ludwig II; in Swabia; Italy 879–887; Saxony and Bavaria 882–887;

France 884–887; emperor 881; deposed, died 888 887–899 Arnulf, of Carinthia … bastard son of Karlmann II; Italy 896; emperor 896 899–911 Ludwig IV, the Child … son of Arnulf

Conradine House of Franconia 911–918 Konrad I … son of count Konrad I of Franconia

Liudolfing House of Saxony 919–936 Heinrich I, the Fowler … son of duke Otto I of Saxony 936–973 Otto I, the Great … son of Heinrich I; Italy 963–973; emperor 962 973–983 Otto II, the Red … son of Otto I; associated 961; also Italy; emperor 967

983–1002 Otto III … son of Otto II; associated 983; also Italy; emperor 996 1002–1024 Heinrich II, the Holy 2… son of duke Heinrich II of Bavaria, son of Heinrich I, son of

Heinrich I; also Italy; emperor 1014 Salian House of Franconia

1024–1039 Konrad II … son of count Heinrich of Speyer, son of duke Otto I of Carinthia, son of duke Konrad of Lorraine by Liutgard, daughter of Otto I; also Italy; Burgundy 1032–1039; 3 emperor 1027

1039–1056 Heinrich III, the Black … son of Konrad II; associated 1028; emperor 1046 1056–1105 Heinrich IV … son of Heinrich III; associated 1053; emperor 1083; deposed, died 1106

– Rudolf of Swabia … son of count Kuno of Rheinfelden; rival 1077–1080 – Hermann of Salm … son of count Giselbert of Luxembourg; rival 1081–10884 + Konrad … son of Heinrich IV; associated 1087–1093; deposed; rival 1093–1101

1 Canonized as saint 1165. 2 Canonized as saint 1146. 3 From this point on, all kings of Germany were also simultaneously kings of Italy and of Burgundy. 4 Egbert of Meissen, son of margrave Egbert I of Meissen, was possibly chosen as a rival king in 1089–1090.

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1105–1125 Heinrich V … son of Heinrich IV; associated 1099; emperor 1111 House of Supplinburg

1125–1137 Lothar II … posthumous son of count Gebhard of Supplinburg; emperor 1133 Hohenstaufen House of Swabia

1138–1152 Konrad III … son of duke Friedrich I of Swabia by Agnes, daughter of Heinrich IV; rival 1127–1135 + Heinrich … son of Konrad III; associated 1147–1150

1152–1190 Friedrich I, Barbarossa … son of duke Friedrich II of Swabia, brother of Konrad III; emperor 1155 1190–1197 Heinrich VI … son of Friedrich I; associated 1169; emperor 1191; Sicily 1194–1197 1197–1198 Friedrich II … son of Heinrich VI; associated 1196; replaced; Sicily 1197–1250 1198–1208 Philipp, of Swabia … son of Friedrich I

Welf House of Brunswick 1208–1215 Otto IV … son of duke Heinrich III of Saxony, son of duke Heinrich II by Gertrud,

daughter of Lothar II; rival since 1198; deposed, rival 1215–1218; emperor 1209 Hohenstaufen House of Swabia

1215–1250 Friedrich II … restored; rival since 1211; emperor 1220; Jerusalem 1225–1228 + Heinrich … son of Friedrich II; associated 1220–1235; deposed, died 1242 – Heinrich Raspe … son of landgrave Hermann I of Thuringia; rival king 1246–1247

1250–1254 Konrad IV … son of Friedrich II; associated 1237; also Sicily; Jerusalem 1228–1254 House of Holland

1254–1256 Wilhelm … son of count Floris IV of Holland; rival since 1247 Angevin House of England

1257–1272 Richard of Cornwall … son of king John of England – Alfons, the Wise … son of king Fernando III of Castile by Elisabeth, daughter of Philipp;

rival5 1257–1275; resigned; Castile 1252–1284 House of Habsburg

1273–1291 Rudolf I … son of count Albrecht IV of Habsburg 6 House of Nassau

1292–1298 Adolf … son of count Walram II of Nassau; deposed, died 1298 Habsburg House of Austria

1298–1308 Albrecht I … son of Rudolf I House of Luxembourg

1308–1313 Heinrich VII … son of count Heinrich VI of Luxembourg; emperor 1312 Wittelsbach House of Bavaria

1314–1347 Ludwig IV [V7], the Bavarian … son of duke Ludwig II of Upper Bavaria by Mathilde, daughter of Rudolf I; emperor 1328

& 1325–1330 Friedrich III, the Handsome … son of Albrecht I; rival 1314–1322 Luxembourg House of Bohemia

1347–1378 Karl IV8 … son of king Jan of Bohemia, son of Heinrich VII; rival since 1346; Bohemia 1346–1378; emperor 1355

– Günther … son of count Heinrich VII of Schwarzburg; rival 1349; abdicated, died 1349 1378–1400 Wenzel … son of Karl IV; associated 1376; deposed; Bohemia 1378–14199

5 Both Richard and Alfons received, at different times, a 4:3 majority of the electoral votes, but only Richard went to Germany. 6 Konrad of Teck, son of duke Adalbert II of Teck, was possibly chosen king after the death of Rudolf I in 1292, but was murdered within days. 7 Ludwig IV as emperor, Ludwig V as king. 8 Originally named Wenzel (Václav). 9 Friedrich of Brunswick-Lüneburg, son of duke Magnus II of Brunswick-Lüneburg, was possibly chosen rival king in 1400, but was murdered shortly thereafter.

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Wittelsbach House of the Palatinate 1400–1410 Ruprecht, Clem … son of elector Ruprecht II of the Palatinate, son of count palatine Adolf,

son of count palatine Rudolf I, brother of Ludwig IV Luxembourg House of Bohemia

1410–1437 Sigismund … son of Karl IV; Hungary 1387–1437; Bohemia 1419–1437; emperor 1433 – Jobst … son of margrave Jan Jindřich of Moravia, brother of Karl IV; rival 1410–1411

Habsburg House of Austria 1438–1439 Albrecht II … son of duke Albrecht IV of Austria, son of duke Albrecht III, son of duke

Albrecht II, son of Albrecht I; husband of Elisabeth, daughter of Sigismund; Bohemia and Hungary 1438–1439

1440–1493 Friedrich III [IV10] … son of duke Ernst I of Styria, son of duke Leopold III, son of duke Albrecht II of Austria, son of Albrecht I; emperor 1452

1493–1519 Maximilian I … son of Friedrich III; associated 1486; emperor 150811 1519–1556 Karl V … son of king Felipe I of Castile, son of Maximilian I; Aragón, Castile, Sicily 1516–1556;

Naples 1516–1554; abdicated, died 155812 1556–1564 Ferdinand I … brother of Karl V; associated 1531; Bohemia and Hungary 1526–1564 1564–1576 Maximilian II … son of Ferdinand I; associated 1562; also Bohemia and Hungary 1576–1612 Rudolf II … son of Maximilian II; associated 1575; also Bohemia and Hungary 1612–1619 Matthias … son of Maximilian II; also Bohemia and Hungary 1619–1637 Ferdinand II … son of archduke Karl II of Inner Austria, son of Ferdinand I; also Bohemia

and Hungary 1637–1657 Ferdinand III … son of Ferdinand II; associated 1636; also Bohemia and Hungary

+ Ferdinand IV … son of Ferdinand III; associated 1653–1654 1658–1705 Leopold I … son of Ferdinand III; also Bohemia and Hungary 1705–1711 Joseph I … son of Leopold I; associated 1690; also Bohemia and Hungary 1711–1740 Karl VI … son of Leopold I; also Bohemia and Hungary; Naples 1713–1734; Sardinia

1713–1720; Sicily 1720–1734 1740–1742 (interregnum)

Wittelsbach House of Bavaria 1742–1745 Karl VII … son of elector Maximilian II of Bavaria, son of elector Ferdinand Maria, son of

elector Maximilian I, son of duke Wilhelm V, son of duke Albrecht V, son of duke Wilhelm IV, son of duke Albrecht IV, son of duke Albrecht III, son of duke Ernst, son of duke Johann II, son of duke Stephan II, son of Ludwig IV; husband of Maria Amalie, daughter of Joseph I

Habsburg-Lorraine House of Austria 1745–1765 Franz I … son of duke Léopold of Lorraine; husband of Maria Theresia, daughter of Karl VI 1765–1790 Joseph II … son of Franz I; associated 1764; Bohemia and Hungary 1780–1790 1790–1792 Leopold II … son of Franz I; also Bohemia and Hungary 1792–1806 Franz II … son of Leopold I; abdicated; Bohemia and Hungary 1792–1834; Austria 1804–1835

(dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire 1806)

10 Friedrich III as emperor, Friedrich IV as king. 11 From this point on, coronation by the pope was no longer deemed necessary to claim imperial status. 12 The last Holy Roman emperor crowned by the pope, in 1530; although Karl V abdicated in 1556, he was recognized as emperor until shortly before his death in 1558.

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GERMAN CONFEDERATIONS Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine (Rheinbund)

1806–1814 Napoléon (I of France) … son of Carlo Buonaparte; emperor of the French; died 1821 (dissolution of the Confederation of the Rhine 1814) Presidents of the German Confederation (Deutscher Bund)

1815–1835 Franz (I of Austria) … former emperor of the Holy Roman Empire 1792–1806 1835–1848 Ferdinand (I of Austria) … son of Franz; abdicated, died 1875 1849–1850 Friedrich Wilhelm (IV of Prussia) … son of king Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia; died 1861 1850–1866 Franz Joseph (I of Austria) … son of Franz Karl, son of Franz; died 1916

(dissolution of the German Confederation 1866) President of the North German Confederation (Norddeutscher Bund)

1867–1871 Wilhelm (I of Prussia) … brother of Friedrich Wilhelm; German emperor 1871–1888 (conversion into German Empire 1871) GERMAN EMPIRE (DEUTSCHES REICH) German emperors

Hohenzollern House of Brandenburg-Prussia 1871–1888 Wilhelm I … president of the North German Confederation 1867–1871; Prussia 1861–1888

1888 Friedrich III13 … son of Wilhelm I; also Prussia; 99 days 1888–1918 Wilhelm II … son of Friedrich III; also Prussia; deposed, died 1941

(republic 1918) ANHALT

The county of Anhalt in Upper Saxony belonged to the Ascanian House, which came to rule ducal Saxony from 1180. On the death of duke Bernhard of Saxony in 1212, his younger son Heinrich I inherited Anhalt with the title of prince (Fürst). On the extinction of the Ascanian line of Saxe-Lauenburg in 1689, the princes of Anhalt claimed the title of duke of Saxony. The dynasty divided itself into several branches, which attained the ducal title in 1806–1807. With the extinction of the lines of Anhalt-Köthen in 1847 and of Anhalt-Bernburg in 1863, the line of Anhalt-Dessau reunited the entire duchy and joined the German Empire in 1871.

Counts and princes of Anhalt

Ascanian House of Anhalt 1212–1252 Heinrich I … son of duke Bernhard III of Saxony; prince of Anhalt 1218

(division into lines of Ascherleben, Bernburg, and Köthen 1252)

Princes of Anhalt in Ascherleben 1252–1266 Heinrich II, the Fat … son of prince Heinrich I of Anhalt 1266–1304 Otto I … son of Heinrich II

& 1266–1307 Heinrich III … son of Heinrich II; archbishop of Magdeburg 1305 1304–1315 Otto II … son of Otto I

(to Anhalt-Bernburg and the Bishopric of Halberstadt 1315; to Brandenburg 1648)

13 The numbering includes kings Friedrich I and Friedrich II of Prussia.

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Princes and dukes of Anhalt in Bernburg 1252–1287 Bernhard I … son of prince Heinrich I of Anhalt 1287–1324 Bernhard II … son of Bernhard I 1324–1348 Bernhard III … son of Bernhard II 1348–1354 Bernhard IV … son of Bernhard III

& 1348–1377 Heinrich IV … son of Bernhard III & 1348–1404 Otto III … son of Bernhard III

1377–1410 Bernhard V … son of Heinrich IV & 1377–1405 Rudolf II … son of Heinrich IV; bishop of Halberstadt 1400

1404–1416 Otto IV … son of Otto III & 1404–1468 Bernhard VI … son of Otto III

1468–1497 Hedwig … widow of Bernhard VI; daughter of duke Jan I of Silesia-Sagan 1497–1603 (to Anhalt-Zerbst) 1603–1630 Christian I … son of prince Joachim Ernst of Anhalt-Zerbst; in Zerbst 1586–1603 1630–1656 Christian II … son of Christian I 1656–1718 Viktor Amadeus … son of Christian II 1718–1721 Karl Friedrich … son of Viktor Amadeus 1721–1765 Viktor Friedrich … son of Karl Friedrich 1765–1796 Friedrich Albrecht … son of Viktor Friedrich 1796–1834 Alexius Friedrich Christian … son of Friedrich Albrecht; duke of Anhalt-Bernburg 1806 1834–1863 Alexander Karl … son of Alexius Friedrich Christian

(to Anhalt-Dessau 1863)

Princes of Anhalt in Harzgerode 1635–1670 Friedrich … son of prince Christian I of Anhalt-Bernburg 1670–1709 Wilhelm Ludwig … son of Friedrich

(to Anhalt-Bernburg 1709) Princes of Anhalt in Hoym

1718–1727 Lebrecht … son of prince Viktor Amadeus of Anhalt-Bernburg 1727–1772 Viktor I … son of Lebrecht 1772–1806 Karl … son of Viktor I 1806–1812 Viktor II … son of Karl

1812 Friedrich … son of Viktor I (to Anhalt-Bernburg 1812)

Princes and dukes of Anhalt in Köthen

1252–1298 Siegfried I … son of prince Heinrich I of Anhalt; in Köthen and Dessau 1298–1316 Albrecht I … son of Siegfried I; in Köthen, Dessau, and (from 1307) Zerbst 1316–1362 Albrecht II … son of Albrecht I

& 1316–1367 Waldemar I … son of Albrecht I + Albrecht III … son of Albrecht II; associated 1354–1359

1362–1382 Johann I … son of Albrecht II & 1362–1365 Rudolf I … son of Albrecht II; bishop of Schwerin 1364

1367–1371 Waldemar II … son of Waldemar I 1382–1396 Siegmund I … son of Johann I; to Anhalt-Zerbst 1396–1405

& 1382–1414 Albrecht IV, the Lame … son of Johann I; to Anhalt-Zerbst 1414–1423

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& 1382–1392 Waldemar III … son of Johann I 1414–1416 Waldemar IV … son of Siegmund I; in Zerbst 1405–1414

& 1414–1474 Georg I … son of Siegmund I; in Zerbst 1405–1414 & 1414–1450 Siegmund II … son of Siegmund I; in Zerbst 1405–1414 & 1414–1469 Albrecht V … son of Siegmund I; in Zerbst 1405–1414

1474–1508 Waldemar VI … son of Georg I & 1474–1516 Ernst … son of Georg I & 1474–1509 Georg II, the Strong … son of Georg I & 1474–1510 Rudolf III … son of Georg I

1508–1562 Wolfgang, the Confessor … son of Waldemar VI; 14 abdicated, died 1566 1516–1551 Johann II … son of Ernst; in Zerbst from 1544

& 1516–1553 Georg III, the Blessed … son of Ernst; in Plötzkau from 1544 & 1516–1561 Joachim … son of Ernst; in Dessau from 1544

1551–1561 Karl … son of Johann II; in Zerbst & 1551–1586 Joachim Ernst … son of Johann II; in Zerbst, in Dessau 1561–1565; sole ruler 1570 & 1551–1570 Bernhard VII … son of Johann II; in Dessau from 1565

1586–1603 Christian I … son of Joachim Ernst; to Anhalt-Bernburg 1603–1630 & 1586–1603 Johann Georg I … son of Joachim Ernst; to Anhalt-Dessau 1603–1618 & 1586–1650 Ludwig I … son of Joachim Ernst & 1586–1603 August I … son of Joachim Ernst; to Anhalt-Plötzkau 1603–1653 & 1586–1603 Rudolf IV … son of Joachim Ernst; to Anhalt-Zerbst 1603–1621

1650–1665 Wilhelm Ludwig … son of Ludwig I 1665–1669 Lebrecht … son of August I; in Plötzkau 1653–1665 1669–1670 Emanuel … brother of Lebrecht; in Plötzkau 1653–1669 1670–1704 Emanuel Lebrecht … son of Emanuel 1704–1728 Leopold … son of Emanuel Lebrecht 1728–1755 August Ludwig … son of Emanuel Lebrecht 1755–1789 Karl Georg Lebrecht … son of August Ludwig 1789–1812 August II … son of Karl Georg Lebrecht; duke of Anhalt-Zerbst 1807 1812–1818 Ludwig II … son of Ludwig, son of Karl Georg Lebrecht 1818–1830 Ferdinand … son of Friedrich Erdmann of Köthen-Pless, son of August Ludwig 1830–1847 Heinrich … brother of Ferdinand

(to Anhalt-Dessau 1847)

Princes of Anhalt in Pless 1765–1797 Friedrich Erdmann … son of prince Karl Georg Lebrecht of Anhalt-Köthen 1797–1818 Ferdinand … son of Friedrich Erdmann; to Anhalt-Köthen 1818–1830 1818–1830 Heinrich … son of Friedrich Erdmann; to Anhalt-Köthen 1830–1847 1830–1841 Ludwig … son of Friedrich Erdmann

(to Anhalt-Köthen 1841)

Princes of Anhalt in Zerbst 1396–1405 Siegmund I … son of prince Johann I of Anhalt-Köthen; in Köthen 1382–1396 1405–1414 Waldemar IV … son of Siegmund I; to Anhalt-Köthen 1414–1416

& 1405–1414 Georg I … son of Siegmund I; to Anhalt-Köthen 1414–1474 & 1405–1414 Siegmund II … son of Siegmund I; to Anhalt-Köthen 1414–1450

14 In exile 1547–1552.

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& 1405–1414 Albrecht V … son of Siegmund I; to Anhalt-Köthen 1414–1469 1414–1423 Albrecht IV, the Lame … brother of Siegmund I; in Köthen 1382–1414 1423–1436 Waldemar V … son of Albrecht IV

& 1423–1473 Adolf I … son of Albrecht IV & 1423–1475 Albrecht VI … son of Albrecht IV

1473–1508 Magnus … son of Adolf I; abdicated, died 1524 & 1473–1508 Adolf II … son of Adolf I; abdicated; bishop of Merseburg 1514–1526

1475–1500 Philipp … son of Albrecht VI 1508–1562 Wolfgang, the Confessor … son of prince Waldemar VI of Anhalt-Köthen; abdicated, died 1566 1562–1603 (to Anhalt-Köthen) 1603–1621 Rudolf IV … son of prince Joachim Ernst of Anhalt-Köthen; in Köthen 1586–1603 1621–1667 Johann III … son of Rudolf IV 1667–1718 Karl Wilhelm … son of Johann III

Anton Günther … son of Johann III; to Mühlingen 1667–1714 1718–1742 Johann August … son of Karl Wilhelm

(to Anhalt-Dornburg 1742) Princes of Anhalt in Dornburg, then Zerbst

1667–1704 Johann Ludwig I … son of prince Johann III of Anhalt-Zerbst 1704–1746 Johann Ludwig II … son of Johann Ludwig I; Zerbst 1742

& 1704–1709 Johann August … son of Johann Ludwig I & 1704–1747 Christian August … son of Johann Ludwig I; Zerbst 1742

1747–1793 Friedrich August … son of Christian August (divided between Anhalt-Bernburg and Anhalt-Dessau 1793)

Princes and dukes of Anhalt in Dessau

1603–1618 Johann Georg I … son of prince Joachim Ernst of Anhalt-Köthen; in Köthen 1586–1603 1618–1660 Johann Kasimir … son of Johann Georg I

& 1618–1632 Georg Aribert … son of Johann Georg I; to Anhalt-Wörlitz 1632–1643 1660–1693 Johann Georg II … son of Johann Kasimir 1693–1747 Leopold I … son of Johann Georg II 1747–1751 Leopold II … son of Leopold I 1751–1817 Leopold III … son of Leopold II; duke of Anhalt-Dessau 1807 1817–1863 Leopold IV … son of Friedrich, son of Leopold III; duke of Anhalt 1863–1871

Dukes of Anhalt

1863–1871 Leopold I … former duke of Anhalt-Dessau 1817–1863 1871–1904 Friedrich I … son of Leopold I 1904–1918 Friedrich II … son of Friedrich I

1918 Eduard … son of Friedrich I 1918 Joachim Ernst … son of Eduard; deposed, died 1947

(to Germany 1918)

Princes of Anhalt in Wörlitz 1632–1643 Georg Aribert … son of prince Johann Georg I of Anhalt-Dessau 1643–1677 Christian Aribert … son of Georg Aribert

(to Anhalt-Dessau 1677)

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Princes of Anhalt in Plötzkau 1603–1653 August … son of prince Joachim Ernst of Anhalt-Köthen; in Köthen 1586–1603 1653–1654 Ernst Gottlieb … son of August

& 1653–1665 Lebrecht … son of August; to Anhalt-Köthen 1665–1669 & 1653–1669 Emanuel … son of August; to Anhalt-Köthen 1669–1670

(to Anhalt-Bernburg 1669) ARENBERG

The lordship of Arenberg, located west of Koblenz in Lower Lorraine, passed by marriage to the House of Mark-Altena in 1299. It was subsequently ruled for three centuries by a branch of that family, until passing by marriage to the House of Ligne. The lords of Arenberg were now promoted to counts (1549), princes (1576), and dukes (1644). Prince Karl had inherited the duchy Aerschot and principality Chimay as husband of Anne, daughter of duke Philippe III. By the Treaty of Luneville in 1801, the duke of Arenberg lost his old duchy west of the Rhine, but was compensated in 1803 with Recklinghausen and Meppen east of the Rhine, carved out of the archbishopric of Cologne and the bishopric of Münster, respectively. This newly constituted duchy of Arenberg entered the Confederation of the Rhine in 1806 as a sovereign principality. In 1810, however, it was mediatized, with Recklinghausen passing to the grand duchy of Berg and Meppen to France. The Congress of Vienna gave Recklinghausen to Prussia and Meppen to Hanover in 1815; Meppen passed to Prussia in 1866.

Lords, Counts, Princes, and Dukes of Arenberg

Berg House of Mark-Altena 1299–1328 Engelbert … husband of Mechthild, daughter of Johann of Arenberg; son of count Eberhard of Mark 1328–1387 Eberhard I … son of Engelbert 1387–1427 Johann I … son of Eberhard I

& 1387–1440 Eberhard II … son of Eberhard I 1440–1470 Johann II, the Boar … son of Eberhard II 1470–1496 Eberhard III, the Boar … son of Johann 1496–1531 Eberhard IV … son of Eberhard III 1531–1536 Robert I … son of Eberhard III

+ Robert II … son of Robert I; associated c.1523–1536 1536–1544 Robert III … son of Robert II 1544–1568 Margaretha … daughter of Robert III; abdicated, died 1599

& 1547–1568 Johann III of Ligne … married Margaretha; son of Louis of Barbençon; count 1549 House of Ligne

1568–1616 Karl … son of Johann III and Margaretha; prince 1576; duke of Aerschot 1612 1616–1640 Philipp Karl … son of Karl 1640–1674 Philipp Franz … son of Philipp Karl; duke 1644 1674–1681 Karl Eugen … son of Philipp Karl 1681–1691 Philipp Karl Franz … son of Karl Eugen 1691–1754 Leopold Philipp … son of Philipp Karl Franz 1754–1778 Karl Maria Raimund … son of Leopold Philipp 1778–1803 Ludwig Engelbert, the Blind … son of Karl Maria Raimund; abdicated, died 1820 1803–1810 Prosper Ludwig … son of Ludwig Engelbert; mediatized, died 1861

(Meppen to France, Recklinghausen to Berg 1810)

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AUERSPERG

A Swabian family long settled in Carniola, the Auerspergs distinguished themselves in Habsburg service, and attained the rank of barons in 1550, and counts in 1630. Johann Weikhard was promoted to prince in 1653, and invested with the duchy of Silesia-Münsterberg in 1654, and with the princely county of Tengen in 1663. This secured the family a place among the secular princes of the Holy Roman Empire, which it retained until mediatized in 1806; Tengen passed to Bade. Only the princely branch of the Auersperg family is covered in the list below.

Counts and Princes of Auersperg

House of Auersperg 1592–1634 Dietrich II … son of Christoph II of Auersperg; count 1630 1634–1673 Wolfgang Engelbert III … son of Dietrich II

& 1634–1653 Herbard … son of Dietrich II; to Schönberg 1653–1668 (line continued) & 1634–1677 Johann Weikhard … son of Dietrich II; prince 1653; duke of Silesia-Münsterberg 1654;

princely count of Tengen 1663 1677–1705 Johann Ferdinand … son of Johann Weikhard 1705–1713 Franz Karl … son of Johann Weikhard 1713–1783 Heinrich Joseph Johann … son of Franz Karl; Münsterberg lost to Prussia 1742 1783–1800 Karl Joseph Anton … son of Heinrich Joseph Johann; duke of Gottschee 1791 1800–1806 Wilhelm … son of Karl Joseph Anton; mediatized, died 1822

(to Bade 1806) BADE (BADEN)

The margraves of Bade in Swabia originated from the House of Zähringen. The title of margrave originated with Hermann I, who served as margrave of Verona 1073–1074. By 1112 his son Hermann II reigned as margrave of Bade. After several partitions among subsidiary lines, Bade was divided between two main lines of margraves, those of Bade-Bade and Bade-Durlach. With the extinction of the line of Bade-Bade in 1771, the line of Bade-Durlach reunited the family possessions. In 1803 the margrave of Bade received the title of elector of the Holy Roman Empire, and on its dissolution in 1806 he became a grand duke. The grand duchy joined the German Empire in 1871.

Margraves of Bade

Zähringen House of Bade 1061–1074 Hermann I … son of duke Berthold I of Zähringen (Carinthia); margrave of Verona 1073 1074–1130 Hermann II … son of Hermann I; margrave of Bade by 1112 1130–1160 Hermann III, the Great … son of Hermann II 1160–1190 Hermann IV … son of Hermann III 1190–1243 Hermann V … son of Hermann IV

+ Friedrich … son of Hermann IV; associated 1190–1217 1243–1250 Hermann VI, the Younger … son of Hermann V

& 1243–1288 Rudolf I … son of Hermann V 1250–1268 Friedrich I … son of Hermann VI 1288–1291 Hermann VII … son of Rudolf I; in Pforzheim-Eberstein

& 1288–1295 Rudolf II … son of Rudolf I; in Durlach-Durmersheim & 1288–1297 Hesso … son of Rudolf I; in Durlach-Besigheim & 1288–1332 Rudolf III … son of Rudolf I

1291–1333 Friedrich II … son of Hermann VII; in Eberstein

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& 1291–1348 Rudolf IV … son of Hermann VII; in Pforzheim & 1291–1300 Hermann VIII … son of Hermann VII; in Grötzingen

1297–1335 Rudolf Hesso … son of Hesso; in Durlach-Besigheim 1333–1353 Hermann IX … son of Friedrich II; in Eberstein 1348–1353 Friedrich III, the Peaceful … son of Rudolf IV; in Bade

& 1348–1361 Rudolf V, the Waker … son of Rudolf IV; in Pforzheim 1353–1372 Rudolf VI, the Tall … son of Friedrich III; in Bade 1353, in Pforzheim 1361 1372–1391 Rudolf VII … son of Rudolf VI; , in Pforzheim 1372, in Bade 1380

& 1372–1431 Bernhard I … son of Rudolf VI; in Bade 1372, in Durlach 1380, in Pforzheim 1391 1431–1453 Jakob I … son of Bernhard I 1453–1454 Georg … son of Jakob I; abdicated, died 1484

& 1453–1458 Bernhard II, the Blessed … son of Jakob I; in Pforzheim-Eberstein & 1453–1475 Karl I … son of Jakob I; in Durlach 1453, in Pforzehim-Eberstein 1458

1475–1488 Albrecht … son of Karl I; in Hachberg 1482 & 1475–1515 Christoph I … son of Karl I; in Bade 1482, in Hachberg 1488; abdicated, died 1527 & 1475–1517 Friedrich IV … son of Karl I; bishop of Utrecht since 1496

1515–1535 Bernhard III … son of Christoph I; to Bade-Bade 1535–1536 & 1515–1533 Philipp I … son of Christoph I & 1515–1535 Ernst … son of Christoph I; to Bade-Durlach 1535–1552, died 1553

(division into Bade-Bade and Bade-Durlach 1535)

Margraves of Bade in Hachberg 1212–1231 Heinrich I … son of margrave Hermann IV of Bade 1231–1289 Heinrich II … son of Heinrich I; abdicated, died 1297 1289–1330 Heinrich III … son of Heinrich II

1330–c.1369 Heinrich IV … son of Heinrich III c.1369–1386 Otto I … son of Heinrich IV; associated 1364

& c.1369–1411 Johann … son of Heinrich IV & c.1369–c.1410 Hesso … son of Heinrich IV

c.1410–1415 Otto II … son of Hesso; sold margraviate, died 1418 (to Bade 1415)

Margraves of Bade in Sausenberg

1289–1313 Rudolf I … son of margrave Heinrich II of Bade-Hachberg 1313–c.1320 Heinrich … son of Rudolf I

& 1313–1356 Rudolf II … son of Rudolf I & 1313–1387 Otto … son of Rudolf I

1356–1428 Rudolf III … son of Rudolf II + Rudolf … son of Rudolf III; associated 1393–1420

1428–1441 Wilhelm … son of Rudolf III; abdicated, died 1482 1441–1445 Hugo … son of Wilhelm

& 1441–1487 Rudolf IV … son of Wilhelm 1487–1503 Philipp … son of Rudolf IV

(to Bade 1503)

Margraves of Bade in Bade 1535–1536 Bernhard III … son of margrave Christoph I of Bade; previously there

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1536–1569 Philibert … son of Bernhard III & 1537–1556 Christoph II … posthumous son of Bernhard III; to Sponheim-Rodemachern 1556–1575

1569–1588 Philipp II … son of Philibert 1588–1596 Eduard Fortunatus … son of Christoph II; deposed; in Sponheim-Rodemachern 1575–1600 1596–1622 (to Bade-Durlach) 1622–1677 Wilhelm … son of Eduard Fortunatus; in Rodemachern 1600–1622

+ Hermann … son of Eduard Fortunatus; in Rodemachern 1622–1665 + Karl Wilhelm … son of Hermann; in Rodemachern 1665–1666

1677–1707 Ludwig Wilhelm … son of Ferdinand Maximilian, son of Wilhelm 1707–1761 Ludwig Georg … son of Ludwig Wilhelm 1761–1771 August Georg … son of Ludwig Wilhelm

(to Bade-Durlach 1771) Margraves of Bade in Durlach

1535–1552 Ernst … son of margrave Christoph I of Bade; previously there; abdicated, died 1553 1552–1553 Bernhard IV … son of Ernst

& 1552–1577 Karl II … son of Ernst 1577–1604 Ernst Friedrich … son of Karl II

& 1577–1590 Jakob II … son of Karl II & 1577–1622 Georg Friedrich … son of Karl II; abdicated, died 1638

1590–1591 Ernst Jakob … posthumous son of Jakob II 1622–1659 Friedrich V … son of Georg Friedrich 1659–1677 Friedrich VI … son of Friedrich V 1677–1709 Friedrich Magnus … son of Friedrich VI 1709–1738 Karl Wilhelm … son of Friedrich Magnus 1738–1803 Karl Friedrich … son of Friedrich, son of Karl Wilhelm; elector 1803–1806, then grand

duke 1806–1811 Electors and Grand Dukes of Bade

1803–1811 Karl Friedrich … margrave of Bade-Durlach 1738–1803; elector 1803, grand duke 1806 1811–1818 Karl I … son of Karl Ludwig, son of Karl Friedrich 1818–1830 Ludwig I … son of Karl Friedrich 1830–1852 Leopold I … son of Karl Friedrich 1852–1856 Ludwig II … son of Leopold I; deposed, died 1858 1856–1907 Friedrich I … son of Leopold I; regent since 1852 1907–1918 Friedrich II … son of Friedrich I; deposed, died 1928

(republic; to Germany 1918) BAR

The county of Bar belonged to Upper Lorraine, and its counts served as dukes in 977–1033 and from 1480. A French-speaking territory, it maintained strong ties with the neighboring kingdom of France, and several rulers of Bar fought for the French king, for example at Bouvines in 1214 and at Agincourt in 1415. The rulers of Bar also regularly participated in the Crusades and several lost their lives abroad. In 1301 most of Bar’s territory west of the Meuse, including the capital Bar-le-Duc, became a French fief; the remainder of the county, however, remained vassal to the Holy Roman Empire. The count of Bar was raised to duke of Bar and margrave of Pont-à-Mousson in 1354. In 1480 Bar entered into a permanent personal union with the duchy of Lorraine. After several French occupations in the 17th century, Bar was annexed by France in 1766.

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Counts and Dukes of Bar House of Wigerich

c.950–978 Frédéric I … son of count palatine Wigerich of Lorraine; Upper Lorraine 959–978 978–1027 Thierry I … son of Frédéric I; also Upper Lorraine

+ Frédéric II … son of Thierry I; associated 1019–1026; also Upper Lorraine 1027–1033 Frédéric III … son of Frédéric II; also Upper Lorraine 1033–1093 Sophie … daughter of Fréderic II

& 1038–1073 Louis I … married Sophie; son of count Richwin of Scarpone Mousson House of Montbéliard-Ferrette

1093–1105 Thierry II … son of Louis I and Sophie 1105–1149 Renaud I, the One-Eyed … son of Thierry II 1149–1170 Renaud II … son of Renaud I 1170–1190 Henri I … son of Renaud II 1190–1214 Thiébaut I … son of Renaud II 1214–1239 Henri II … son of Thiébaut I 1240–1291 Thiébaut II … son of Henri II 1291–1302 Henri III … son of Thiébaut II 1302–1336 Édouard I … son of Henri III 1336–1344 Henri IV … son of Édouard I 1344–1352 Édouard II … son of Henri IV 1352–1411 Robert … son of Henri IV; duke of Bar and of Pont-à-Mousson 1354 1411–1415 Édouard III … son of Robert 1415–1430 Louis II … son of Robert; bishop of Poitiers 1391–1395, of Langres 1397–1413, of Châlons

1413–1420, of Verdun 1419–1423 and 1424–1430 Valois House of Anjou

1430–1480 René I, the Good … son of duke Louis II of Anjou by Yolanda, daughter of king Juan I of Aragón by Yolande, daughter of Robert; Naples 1435–1442

1480 Yolande … daughter of René I; abdicated, died 1483 (to Lorraine 1480; to France 1635; to Lorraine 1641; to France 1641; to Lorraine 1659; to

France 1670; to Lorraine 1697; to France 1766) BAVARIA (BAYERN)

The old tribal duchy of the Baiovari fell within the sphere of Frankish influence and was annexed by the Franks in 788. Thereafter Bavaria formed an important Carolingian sub-kingdom and, together with neighboring Franconia, became the core of the future East Frankish (German) kingdom. By the mid 890s Bavaria was under the control of margrave Liutpold, whose son Arnulf became duke in 909, and claimed royal status in about 911–920. The dukes of the Liutpolding House were gradually replaced by a series of relatives and appointees of the German kings, and on occasion by the kings themselves. From 1070 the ducal throne was virtually monopolized by the Este branch of the Welf family, which came into conflict with its royal suzerains and was permanently deposed in 1180. The duchy was then transformed into a hereditary fief of the House of Wittelsbach, which descended from the Liutpoldings. The Wittelsbach dukes of Bavaria became electors of the Holy Roman Empire in 1623 (replacing their cousins in the Rhine Palatinate), and Karl Albert was elected emperor 1742–1745. On the extinction of this branch of the Wittelsbach dynasty, Bavaria passed to the electors of the Palatinate. In 1805 the elector Maximilian IV Joseph became king of Bavaria as Maximilian I. In 1871 the kingdom joined the German Empire, with “Mad” king Ludwig II supporting its creation and securing a privileged treatment for the kingdom of Bavaria within it. The monarchy was abolished in 1918, as elsewhere throughout Germany.

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Dukes of Bavaria Liutpolding House of Bavaria

895–907 Liutpold … margrave in Bavaria and Carinthia 907–937 Arnulf, the Bad … son of Liutpold; in exile 914–917 937–938 Eberhard … son of Arnulf; deposed, died c.940 938–947 Berthold … son of Liutpold

Liudolfing House of Saxony 947–955 Heinrich I … husband of Judith, daughter of Arnulf; son of king Heinrich I of Germany 955–976 Heinrich II, the Wrangler … son of Heinrich I; deposed 976–982 Otto I … son of duke Liudolf of Swabia, son of emperor Otto I, brother of Heinrich I

Liutpolding House of Bavaria 982–985 Heinrich III … son of Berthold; deposed, died 989

Liudolfing House of Saxony 985–995 Heinrich II, the Wrangler … restored

995–1004 Heinrich IV, the Holy 15… son of Heinrich II; abdicated, German king 1002–1024 House of Luxembourg

1004–1009 Heinrich V … son of count Siegfried of Luxembourg; deposed Liudolfing House of Saxony

1009–1017 Heinrich IV, the Holy … restored; abdicated, German king 1002–1024 House of Luxembourg

1017–1026 Heinrich V … restored Salian House of Franconia

1027–1042 Heinrich VI, the Black … son of emperor Konrad II; abdicated, German king 1039–1056 House of Luxembourg

1042–1047 Heinrich VII … son of count Friedrich I of Luxembourg, brother of Heinrich V Salian House of Franconia

1047–1049 Heinrich VI, the Black … restored; abdicated, German king 1039–1056 Ezzonid House of Lorraine

1049–1053 Konrad I … son of count Liudolf of Zütphen, brother of duke Otto II of Swabia; deposed, died 1055 Salian House of Franconia

1053–1055 Heinrich VIII … son of Heinrich VI; replaced; German king 1056–1105 1055 Konrad II, the Child … son of Heinrich VI

1056–1061 Agnes (of Poitiers) … widow of Heinrich VI; daughter of duke Guillaume V of Aquitaine; abdicated, died 1077

House of Northeim 1061–1070 Otto II … son of count Benno of Northeim; deposed, died 1083

Welf House of Este 1070–1077 Welf I … husband of Ethelind, daughter of Otto II; son of marquis Azzo II of Este; deposed

Salian House of Franconia 1077–1096 Heinrich VIII … restored; abdicated; German king 1056–1105, died 1106

Welf House of Este 1096–1101 Welf I … restored 1101–1120 Welf II, the Fat … son of Welf I 1120–1126 Heinrich IX, the Black … son of Welf I 1126–1138 Heinrich X, the Proud … son of Heinrich IX; deposed, died 1139

Babenberg House of Austria 1139–1141 Leopold … son of margrave Leopold III of Austria by Agnes, daughter of Heinrich VIII

15 Canonized as saint 1146.

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Hohenstaufen House of Swabia 1141–1143 Konrad III … son of duke Friedrich I of Swabia by Agnes, daughter of Heinrich VIII;

German king 1138–1152 Babenberg House of Austria

1143–1156 Heinrich XI, Jasomirgott … brother of Leopold; replaced, died 1177 Welf House of Este

1156–1180 Heinrich XII, the Lion … son of Heinrich X; deposed, died 1195 (to the Wittelsbach dukes of Bavaria 1180) Wittelsbach Dukes of Bavaria

House of Wittelsbach 1180–1183 Otto I … son of count Otto IV of Wittelsbach 1183–1231 Ludwig I, of Kelheim … son of Otto I 1231–1253 Otto II, the Illustrious … son of Ludwig I 1253–1255 Ludwig II, the Strict … son of Otto II; to Upper Bavaria 1255–1294

& 1253–1255 Heinrich I … son of Otto II; to Lower Bavaria 1255–1290 (division into Upper Bavaria and Lower Bavaria 1255)

Dukes in Upper Bavaria

1255–1294 Ludwig II, the Strict … son of duke Otto II of Bavaria; Bavaria 1253–1255 1294–1317 Rudolf, the Stammerer … son of Ludwig II; deposed, died 1319

& 1294–1347 Ludwig IV, the Bavarian … son of Ludwig II; German king 1314–1347; united Bavaria 1340 1347–1361 Ludwig V, the Elder … son of Ludwig IV; in Upper Bavaria 1349

& 1347–1349 Stephan II … son of Ludwig IV; to Bavaria-Straubing 1349–1353, Bavaria-Landshut 1353–1375 & 1347–1365 Ludwig VI, the Roman … son of Ludwig IV; in Upper Bavaria 1349 & 1347–1349 Wilhelm I, the Mad … son of Ludwig IV; to Bavaria-Straubing 1349–1389 & 1347–1349 Albrecht I … son of Ludwig IV; to Bavaria-Straubing 1349–1404 & 1347–1379 Otto V, the Indolent … son of Ludwig IV; in Upper Bavaria 1349

1361–1363 Meinhard … son of Ludwig V (to Bavaria-Landshut 1363)

Dukes in Lower Bavaria

1255–1290 Heinrich I … son of duke Otto II of Bavaria; Bavaria 1253–1255 1290–1312 Otto III … son of Heinrich I

& 1290–1296 Ludwig III … son of Heinrich I & 1290–1310 Stephan I … son of Heinrich I

1310–1339 Heinrich II, the Elder … son of Stephan I & 1310–1334 Otto IV … son of Stephan I

1312–1333 Heinrich III, of Natternberg … son of Otto III 1339–1340 Johann I, the Child … son of Heinrich II 1340–1349 (to Upper Bavaria 1340)

Dukes of Bavaria in Straubing

1349–1353 Stephan II … son of duke Ludwig IV of Upper Bavaria; to Bavaria-Landshut 1353–1375 & 1349–1389 Wilhelm I, the Fool … brother of Stephan II; Straubing 1353 & 1349–1404 Albrecht I … brother of Stephan II; Straubing 1353

+ Albrecht II, the Younger … son of Albrecht I; associated 1391–1397 1404–1417 Wilhelm II … son of Albrecht I; associated 1394

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1417–1425 Johann III, the Pitiless … son of Albrecht I; bishop of Liège until 1418 (to Bavaria-Munich 1425)

Dukes of Bavaria in Landshut

1353–1375 Stephan II … son of duke Ludwig IV of Upper Bavaria; Bavaria 1347–1349, Straubing 1349–1353 1375–1392 Stephan III … son of Stephan II; to Bavaria-Ingolstadt 1392–1413

& 1375–1393 Friedrich, the Wise … son of Stephan II; Landshut 1392 & 1375–1392 Johann II, the Meek … son of Stephan II; to Bavaria-Munich 1392–1397

1393–1450 Heinrich IV, the Rich … son of Friedrich 1450–1479 Ludwig IX, the Rich … son of Heinrich IV 1479–1503 Georg, the Rich … son of Ludwig IX 1503–1504 Ruprecht, the Virtuous … husband of Elisabeth, daughter of Georg; son of elector Philipp of

the Palatinate (to Bavaria-Munich 1504)

Dukes of Bavaria in Ingolstadt

1392–1413 Stephan III … son of duke Stephan II of Bavaria-Landshut; Landshut 1375–1392 1413–1441 Ludwig VII, the Bearded … son of Stephan III; deposed, died 1447 1441–1445 Ludwig VIII, the Hunchback … son of Ludwig VII

(to Bavaria-Landshut 1445) Dukes of Bavaria in Munich (München)

1392–1397 Johann II, the Meek … son of duke Stephan II of Bavaria-Landshut; Landshut 1375–1392 1397–1438 Ernst, the Forceful … son of Johann II

& 1397–1435 Wilhelm III … son of Johann II 1438–1460 Albrecht III, the Pious … son of Ernst 1460–1463 Johann IV, the Truthful … son of Albrecht III; in Munich

& 1460–1467 Sigismund, the Generous … son of Albrecht III; in Dachau; abdicated, died 1501 & 1460–1508 Albrecht IV, the Wise … son of Albrecht III

1508–1550 Wilhelm IV, the Steadfast … son of Albrecht IV; in Munich & 1508–1545 Ludwig X … son of Albrecht IV; in Landshut

1550–1579 Albrecht V, the Magnificent … son of Wilhelm IV 1579–1597 Wilhelm V, the Pious … son of Albrecht V; abdicated, died 1626 1597–1623 Maximilian … son of Wilhelm V; elector 1623–1651

Electors of Bavaria

1623–1651 Maximilian I … former duke of Bavaria 1597–1623 1651–1679 Ferdinand Maria … son of Maximilian I 1679–1704 Maximilian II Emanuel … son of Ferdinand Maria; deposed; Luxembourg 1712–1714 1704–1714 (to the Empire) 1714–1726 Maximilian II Emanuel … restored 1726–1745 Karl Albert … son of Maximilian II; emperor 1742–1745 1745–1777 Maximilian III Joseph … son of Karl Albert

Line of Palatinate-Sulzbach 1777–1799 Karl Theodor … son of duke Johann Christian of Sulzbach, son of duke Theodor, son of duke

Christian, son of duke August, son of duke Philipp Ludwig of Neuburg, son of duke Wolfgang of Zweibrücken, son of duke Ludwig II, son of duke Alexander, son of duke Ludwig I, son of duke Stephan of Simmern, son of king Ruprecht, son of elector Ruprecht II

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of the Palatinate, son of Adolf, son of duke Rudolf of Upper Bavaria Line of Palatinate-Zweibrücken

1799–1805 Maximilian IV Joseph … son of Friedrich Michael, son of duke Christian III of Zweibrücken, son of duke Christian II of Birkenfeld, son of duke Christian I, son of duke Karl, son of duke Wolfgang of Zweibrücken, son of duke Ludwig II, son of duke Alexander, son of duke Ludwig I, son of duke Stephan of Simmern, son of king Ruprecht, son of elector Ruprecht II of the Palatinate, son of Adolf, son of duke Rudolf of Upper Bavaria; king of Bavaria 1805–1825

Kings of Bavaria

1805–1825 Maximilian I … former elector of Bavaria 1799–1805 1825–1848 Ludwig I … son of Maximilian I; abdicated, died 1868 1848–1864 Maximilian II … son of Ludwig I 1864–1886 Ludwig II … son of Maximilian II 1886–1913 Otto I … son of Maximilian II; deposed, died 1916 1913–1918 Ludwig III … son of Luitpold,16 son of Ludwig I; regent since 1912; deposed, died 1921

(republic; to Germany 1918) BENTHEIM

On the death of Otto II of Northeim, his sister Gertrud brought the county of Bentheim in northwestern Germany to her husband Otto of Salm. Their daughter Sophie brought the county to her husband, Dirk VI of Holland, who left it to his son Otto I. In 1421 the county passed to the House of Götterswick, which also acquired the counties of Steinfurt and Tecklenburg by marriage. These fiefs were repeatedly divided, reunited, and exchanged among members of the family. Bentheim passed to the younger surviving line in Steinfurt in 1803 but the family was mediatized in favor of Berg in 1806 and Hanover in 1813.

Counts of Bentheim

House of Holland :1176–c.1208 Otto I … son of count Dirk VI of Holland by Sophie of Bentheim

c.1208–c.1248 Balduin, the Brave … son of Otto I c.1248–c.1279 Otto II … son of Balduin c.1279–c.1311 Ekbert … son of Otto II c.1311–c.1333 Johann … son of Ekbert

c.1333–1344 Simon … son of Johann 1344–1364 Otto III … son of Johann; abdicated, died 1379 1364–1421 Bernhard I … son of Johann

House of Götterswick 1421–1454 Eberwin I … son of Arnold III of Götterswick, son of Eberwin IV by Hedwig, daughter of

Johann 1454–1473 Bernhard II … son of Eberwin I 1473–1530 Eberwin II, the Wise … son of Bernhard II

+ Bernhard … son of Eberwin II; associated c.1523–1528 1530–1553 Arnold I … son of count Eberwin II of Steinfurt, son of count Arnold I, son of Eberwin I;

husband of Maria, daughter of Eberwin II 1553–1562 Eberwin III … son of Arnold I 1562–1606 Arnold II … son of Eberwin III 1606–1643 Arnold Jobst … son of Arnold II

16 Luitpold was regent of Bavaria 1886–1912.

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+ Konrad Gumprecht … son of Arnold II; in Hohenlimburg 1606–1619 + Friedrich Ludwig … son of Arnold II; in Alpen 1606–1629

1643–1693 Ernst Wilhelm … son of Arnold Jobst 1693–1701 Arnold Moritz Wilhelm … son of count Philipp Konrad of Steinfurt, son of Arnold Jobst 1701–1723 Hermann Friedrich … son of Arnold Moritz Wilhelm; deposed, died 1731 1723–1803 Friedrich Karl Philipp … son of Hermann Friedrich; mortgaged Bentheim to Hanover 1803–1806 Ludwig … son of count Karl Paul Ernst of Steinfurt, son of count Friedrich Karl, son of

count Ernst, son of Ernst Wilhelm; deposed 1806–1813 (to Berg)

1813 Ludwig … restored; mediatized, died 1817 (to Hanover 1813; to Prussia 1866) BERG

The county of Berg on the Lower Rhine belonged to the duchy of Lower Lorraine, and its counts capitalized on their strategic location to become the leading comital dynasty of the region. On the extinction of the direct male line of counts, Berg passed to the House of Limburg by marriage. The county entered into a personal union with nearby Jülich in 1348, and Berg was promoted to a duchy in 1380. Jülich and Berg passed by inheritance to the dukes of Cleves and counts of Mark in 1521, producing an agglomeration of secular principalities dominating the Lower Rhine alongside the extensive possessions of the ecclesiastical principalities of Cologne, Liège, and Münster. The extinction of the ducal line in 1609 led to a dispute over its lands between the Wittlesbach House of the Palatinate-Neuburg and the Hohenzollern House of Brandenburg. The Treaty of Xanten in 1614, allotted Berg and Jülich to the Palatinate (and later Bavaria). In 1806 Berg was turned over to the French, who installed Napoléon I’s brother-in-law Joachim Murat as the grand duke of Berg, with jurisdiction significantly larger than that of the old duchy of Berg. When Joachim was sent to Italy as king of Naples, Berg was turned over to Napoléon’s nephew Louis, but the grand duchy of Berg was terminated by the Congress of Vienna, which turned the territory over to Prussia in 1815.

Counts of Berg

Hövel House of Berg 1101–1106 Adolf I … son of count Adolf III of Hövel by Adelheid, daughter of count Rütger II of

Cleves 1106–1160 Adolf II … son of Adolf I; abdicated, died 1170 1160–1161 Eberhard … son of Adolf II; to Altena 1161–1180 (line continued in Mark)

& 1160–1189 Engelbert I … son of Adolf II 1189–1218 Adolf III … son of Engelbert I 1218–1225 Engelbert II, the Holy … son of Engelbert I; archbishop of Cologne 1220–1225

Arlon House of Limburg 1225–1246 Heinrich … husband of Irmgard, daughter of Adolf III; son of count Walram III of Limburg 1246–1259 Adolf IV … son of Heinrich 1259–1296 Adolf V … son of Adolf IV 1296–1308 Wilhelm I … son of Adolf IV 1308–1348 Adolf VI … son of Heinrich of Windeck, son of Adolf IV

Hengebach House of Jülich 1348–1360 Gerhard … husband of Margarete, daughter of count Otto IV of Ravensberg by Margarete,

sister of Adolf VI; son of duke Wilhelm I of Jülich 1360–1380 Wilhelm II … son of Gerhard; duke 1380–1408

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Dukes of Berg 1380–1408 Wilhelm I … former count of Berg 1360–1380 1408–1437 Adolf … son of Wilhelm II 1437–1475 Gerhard … son of count Wilhelm of Ravensberg, son of Wilhelm I 1475–1511 Wilhelm II … son of Gerhard

Berg House of Mark-Altena 1511–1539 Johann, the Peaceable … husband of Maria, daughter of Wilhelm II; son of duke Johann II

of Cleves 1539–1592 Wilhelm III, the Rich … son of Johann 1592–1609 Johann Wilhelm … son of Wilhelm III; bishop of Münster 1574–1585 1609–1803 (divided between Brandenburg and the Palatinate-Neuburg 1609; to the Palatinate-

Neuburg 1614, united with the Palatinate 1685, and with Bavaria 1777) Wittlesbach House of the Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen

1803–1806 Wilhelm … son of duke Johann of Birkenfeld; replaced, died 1837 Grand Dukes of Berg

House of Murat 1806–1808 Joachim … husband of Caroline, sister of emperor Napoléon I of the French; son of Pierre Murat;

to Naples 1808–1815 House of Bonaparte

1809–1813 Napoleon Ludwig … son of king Lodwijk I of Holland, brother of emperor Napoléon I of the French; king of Holland 1810; replaced, died 1831

(to France 1813; to Prussia 1815) BLANKENHEIM and GEROLSTEIN

Squeezed in-between the lands of Luxembourg, Jülich, and Trier, the lordships of Blankenheim and Gerolstein (Geroldstein) were promoted to a county in 1404. The extinction of the comital male line a mere two years later brought the county to the House of Sponheim-Heinsberg, and then to that of neighboring Manderscheid. The latter divided into several branches, including the two of Gerolstein and Blankenheim, which reunited under the latter in 1697. When the male line became extinct in 1780, the county passed to the Bohemian House of Sternberg, which lost its possessions to France in 1801. Compensated with the secularized abbeys of Schüssenried and Weissenau in 1803, it was mediatized in favor of Württemberg in 1806.

Counts of Blankenheim and Gerolstein

House of Blankenheim 1404–1406 Gerhard I … son of Gerhard of Blankenheim; count 1404

House of Sponheim 1406–1438 Wilhelm I … husband of Elisabeth, daughter of Gerhard I; son of count Johann II of

Heinsberg 1438–1460 Gerhard II … son of Wilhelm I 1460–1468 Wilhelm II … son of Gerhard II

House of Manderscheid 1468–1488 Dietrich … husband of Elisabeth, daughter of Johann II of Schleien by Johanna, daughter

of Gerhard I; son of Dietrich II of Manderscheid; abdicated, died 1498 1488–1524 Johann I … son of Dietrich 1524–1533 Johann II … son of Johann I

(division into Gerolstein and Blankenheim 1533)

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Counts of Manderscheid in Gerolstein 1533–1548 Gerhard … son of count Johann I of Blankenheim and Gerolstein 1548–1611 Johann Gerhard … son of Gerhard 1611–1649 Karl … son of Johann Gerhard 1649–1671 Ferdinand Ludwig … son of Karl 1671–1697 Karl Ferdinand … son of Ferdinand Ludwig

(to Manderscheid-Blankenheim 1697) Counts of Manderscheid in Blankenheim

1524–1548 Arnold I … son of count Johann I of Blankenheim and Gerolstein 1548–1604 Hermann … son of Arnold I 1604–1614 Arnold II … son of Arnold I 1614–1644 Johann Arnold … son of Arnold II 1644–1694 Salentin Ernst … son of Johann Arnold; abdicated, died 1705 1694–1731 Franz Georg … son of Salentin Ernst; inherited Gerolstein 1697 1731–1772 Johann Wilhelm Franz … son of Franz Georg; inherited Manderscheid 1742 1772–1780 Joseph Franz … son of Franz Georg

House of Sternberg 1780–1798 Christian Philipp … husband of Augusta, daughter of Johann Wilhelm Franz; son of

count Franz Philipp of Sternberg 1798–1801 Franz Joseph … son of Christian Philipp; deposed; Schüssenried and Weissenau 1803–1806;

mediatized, died 1830 (Blankenheim and Geroldstein to France 1801; to Prussia 1815; Schüssenried and

Weissenau to Württemberg 1806) BRABANT

The counts of Louvain in Lower Lorraine were descended from the counts of Hainault and from the Carolingians. In the late 11th century they were promoted to landgraves of Brabant, and in the early 12th century competed with the counts of Limburg for the ducal throne of Lower Lorraine. Although the family won the contest, the duchy itself was already largely dissolved, and in 1183 Hendrik the Warrior was invested as duke of Lothier or Brabant. While the ducal title was associated with that of Lower Lorraine, the duke’s actual possessions were primarily the landgraviate of Brabant and the mark of Antwerp. In 1288 the duchy of Brabant absorbed the rival duchy of Limburg and became one of the largest principalities in the Low Countries. In the 15th century it passed by inheritance to the House of Burgundy and then to the House of Habsburg. Brabant later became part of the Spanish Netherlands, and then of the Austrian Netherlands in 1713. Occupied by France in 1794, it was ceded to the Netherlands in 1815, and became the central part of Belgium in 1830.

Counts of Louvain (Löwen) and Landgraves of Brabant

House of Hainault 994–1015 Lambert I, the Bearded … son of count Régnier III of Hainault

1015–1038 Hendrik I, the Old … son of Lambert I 1038–1039 Otto … son of Hendrik I; deposed, died 1039: 1039–1054 Lambert II,17 the Chained … son of Lambert I 1054–1078 Hendrik II, the Chained … son of Lambert II 1078–1095 Hendrik III … son of Hendrik II; landgrave of Brabant 1085 1095–1128 Godfried I, the Bearded … son of Hendrik II; duke of Lower Lorraine 1106–1128

17 Originally named Balderich.

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1128–1141 Godfried II, the Younger … son of Godfried I; duke of Lower Lorraine 1139–1141 1141–1190 Godfried III, the Brave … son of Godfried I; duke of Lower Lorraine 1141–1190

Dukes of Brabant

1183–1235 Hendrik I, the Warrior … son of Godfried III; duke of Brabant 1235–1248 Hendrik II, the Magnanimous … son of Hendrik I 1248–1261 Hendrik III, the Kind … son of Hendrik II 1261–1267 Hendrik IV … son of Hendrik III; deposed, died 1272: 1267–1294 Jan I, the Victorious … son of Hendrik III 1294–1312 Jan II, the Pacific … son of Jan I 1312–1355 Jan III, the Triumphant … son of Jan II 1355–1406 Johanna … daughter of Jan III

& 1355–1383 Wenceslaus of Luxembourg … husband of Johanna; son of king Jan of Bohemia Valois House of Burgundy

1406–1415 Anton … son of duke Philippe II of Burgundy by countess Marguerite III of Flanders, daughter of count Louis II by Margaretha, daughter of Jan III

1415–1427 Jan IV … son of Anton 1427–1430 Filips I … son of Anton 1430–1467 Filips II, the Good … son of duke Jean II of Burgundy, brother of Anton 1467–1477 Karel I, the Rash … son of Filips II 1477–1482 Maria … daughter of Karel I

House of Habsburg (Austria) 1482–1506 Filips III, the Handsome … son of Maria by emperor Maximilian I; Castile 1504–1506 1506–1549 Karel II … son of Filips III; abdicated; Castile 1506–1556; Aragón and Sicily 1516–1556;

Naples 1516–1554; Empire 1519–1558 (to the Spanish Netherlands 1549; to France 1794; to the Netherlands 1815; to Belgium 1830) BRANDENBURG-PRUSSIA (PREUSSEN)

Brandenburg originally belonged to the Saxon North March (Nordmark). In 1157 margrave Albrecht the Bear took the title of margrave of Brandenburg. On the extinction of the Ascanian House in 1320, emperor Ludwig IV invested his own son with the march, which thus passed to the House of Wittelsbach. The Wittelsbach margrave of Brandenburg became an elector of the Holy Roman Empire in 1356, but in 1373 elector Otto abdicated in favor of emperor Karl IV. The emperor invested his own son Sigismund with the electorate, which thus passed to the House of Luxemburg. In 1415 elector Sigismund, now emperor, appointed Friedrich I of Hohenzollern as margrave, and in 1417 also as elector. The indivisibility of the electorate greatly enhanced the power and wealth of the Hohenzollerns, but junior members of the family were invested with the Franconian principalities of Bayreuth-Kulmbach and Ansbach, until these territories passed back to Brandenburg-Prussia in 1791. The Hohenzollern electors inherited the duchy of Prussia in 1618, and from 1701 obtained the title “king in Prussia” (i.e., outside the frontiers of the Holy Roman Empire), changed in 1772 to “king of Prussia.” In 1871 king Wilhelm I of Prussia became German emperor and the cornerstone power in the new German empire. His two successors retained the dual status of kings of Prussia and German emperors, until the end of the monarchy in 1918.

Ascanian Margraves of Brandenburg

Ascanian House of Ballenstedt 1134–1170 Albrecht I, the Bear … son of count Otto of Ballenstedt; margrave of Brandenburg 1157 1170–1184 Otto I … son of Albrecht I 1184–1205 Otto II, the Liberal … son of Otto I

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1205–1220 Albrecht II … son of Otto I 1220–1259 Johann I … son of Albrecht II; to Brandenburg-Stendal 1259–1266

& 1220–1259 Otto III, the Pious … son of Albrecht II; to Brandenburg-Salzwedel 1259–1267 (division into Brandenburg-Stendal and Brandenburg-Salzwedel 1259)

Margraves of Brandenburg in Stendal

1259–1266 Johann I … son of margrave Albrecht II of Brandenburg; Brandenburg 1220–1259 1266–1281 Johann II … son of Johann I; in Krossen

& 1266–1308 Otto IV … son of Johann I & 1266–1304 Konrad … son of Johann I; in Landsberg & 1266–1318 Heinrich, Lackland … son of Johann I

1304–1305 Johann IV … son of Konrad; associated 1286 + Otto VII … son of Konrad; associated 1291–1297; abdicated, died 1308

& 1304–1319 Waldemar, the Great … son of Konrad 1318–1320 Heinrich II … son of Heinrich I

(to the Empire 1320–1324)

Margraves of Brandenburg in Salzwedel 1259–1267 Otto III, the Pious … son of margrave Albrecht II of Brandenburg; Brandenburg 1220–1259 1267–1268 Johann III, the Righteous … son of Otto III

& 1267–1299 Otto V, the Tall … son of Otto III & 1267–1300 Albrecht III … son of Otto III; in Stargard & 1267–1286 Otto VI, the Short … son of Otto III; abdicated, died 1303

1299–1308 Hermann, the Tall … son of Otto V; associated 1295 1308–1317 Johann V … son of Hermann

(to Brandenburg-Stendal 1317) Wittelsbach Margraves and Electors of Brandenburg

Wittelsbach House of Bavaria 1324–1351 Ludwig I, the Elder … son of emperor Ludwig IV; abdicated, died 1361 1351–1365 Ludwig II, the Roman … brother of Ludwig I; elector from 1356 1365–1373 Otto, the Indolent … brother of Ludwig II; abdicated, died 1379

Luxembourg Electors of Brandenburg

Luxembourg House of Bohemia 1373–1378 Wenzel … son of emperor Karl IV; German king 1378–1400; abdicated, died 1419 1378–1397 Sigismund … brother of Wenzel; abdicated; Hungary 1387–1437

+ Johann … brother of Sigismund; associated 1378–1396 1397–1411 Jobst … son of margrave Jan Jindřich of Moravia, brother of emperor Karl IV; regent since 1393 1411–1417 Sigismund … restored; German king 1410–1437; Bohemia 1419–1437; sold march to the

Hohenzollerns 1415, abdicated electorate 1417 Hohenzollern Margraves and Electors of Brandenburg, also Dukes of Prussia

House of Hohenzollern 1417–1440 Friedrich I … son of burgrave Friedrich V of Nürnberg; margrave since 1415; elector 1417 1440–1470 Friedrich II … son of Friedrich I; abdicated, died 1471

+ Friedrich, the Fat … son of Friedrich I; associated as margrave in Altmark 1447–1463 1470–1486 Albrecht I, Achilles … son of Friedrich I

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1486–1499 Johann, Cicero … son of Albrecht I 1499–1535 Joachim I, Nestor … son of Johann

& 1499–1513 Albrecht II … son of Johann; abdicated; bishop of Magdeburg 1513–1545; archbishop of Mainz 1514–1545

1535–1571 Joachim II, Hektor … son of Joachim I + Johann, the Wise … son of Joachim I; associated as margrave in Küstrin 1535–1571

1571–1598 Johann Georg … son of Joachim II 1598–1608 Joachim Friedrich … son of Johann Georg 1608–1619 Johann Sigismund … son of Joachim Friedrich; also duke of Prussia from 1618 1619–1640 Georg Wilhelm … son of Johann Sigismund 1640–1688 Friedrich Wilhelm … son of Georg Wilhelm 1688–1701 Friedrich III … son of Friedrich Wilhelm; king in Prussia 1701–1713

Kings in Prussia, Kings of Prussia, also German Emperors

1701–1713 Friedrich I … former margrave and elector of Brandenburg 1688–1701 1713–1740 Friedrich Wilhelm I … son of Friedrich I 1740–1786 Friedrich II, the Great … son of Friedrich Wilhelm I; king of Prussia 1772 1786–1797 Friedrich Wilhelm II … son of August Wilhelm, son of Friedrich Wilhelm I 1797–1840 Friedrich Wilhelm III … son of Friedrich Wilhelm II 1840–1861 Friedrich Wilhelm IV … son of Friedrich Wilhelm III 1861–1888 Wilhelm I … son of Friedrich Wilhelm III; regent since 1858; German emperor 1871

1888 Friedrich III … son of Wilhelm I; also German emperor; 99 days 1888–1918 Wilhelm II … son of Friedrich III; also German emperor; deposed, died 1941

(republic; to Germany 1918) Margraves of Brandenburg in Bayreuth and in Kulmbach

1248/1340–1440 (to the Hohenzollern burgraves of Nürnberg and electors of Brandenburg) 1440–1464 Johann, the Alchemist … son of elector Friedrich I of Brandenburg 1464–1486 Albrecht I, Achilles (of Brandenburg) … brother of Johann 1486–1495 Sigismund … son of Albrecht I 1495–1536 Friedrich I, the Old (of Ansbach) … son of Albrecht I

+ Kasimir … son of Friedrich I; associated in Kulmbach 1515–1527 1536–1557 Albrecht II, Alcibiades … son of Kasimir; associated in Kulmbach since 1527 1557–1603 Georg Friedrich … son of margrave Georg of Ansbach, son of Friedrich I 1603–1655 Christian … son of elector Johann Georg of Brandenburg 1655–1712 Christian Ernst … son of Erdmann August, son of Christian

+ Georg Albrecht … son of Christian; associated in Kulmbach 1655–1666 + Christian Heinrich … son of Georg Albrecht; associated in Kulmbach 1666–1708

1712–1726 Georg Wilhelm … son of Christian Ernst 1726–1735 Georg Friedrich Karl … son of Christian Heinrich; associated in Kulmbach since 1708 1735–1763 Friedrich II … son of Georg Friedrich Karl 1763–1769 Friedrich Christian … son of Christian Heinrich

(to Brandenburg-Ansbach 1769, to Brandeburg-Prussia 1791) Margraves of Brandenburg in Ansbach

1331–1486 (to the Hohenzollern burgraves of Nürnberg and electors of Brandenburg) 1486–1536 Friedrich I, the Old … son of elector Albrecht I of Brandenburg

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1536–1543 Georg, the Pious … son of Friedrich I 1543–1603 Georg Friedrich I … son of Georg 1603–1625 Joachim Ernst … son of elector Johann Georg of Brandenburg 1625–1634 Friedrich II … son of Joachim Ernst 1634–1667 Albrecht … son of Joachim Ernst 1667–1686 Johann Friedrich … son of Albrecht 1686–1692 Christian Albrecht … son of Johann Friedrich 1692–1703 Georg Friedrich II … son of Johann Friedrich 1703–1723 Wilhelm Friedrich … son of Johann Friedrich 1723–1757 Karl Wilhelm Friedrich … son of Wilhelm Friedrich 1757–1791 Karl Alexander … son of Karl Wilhelm Friedrich; abdicated, died 1806

(to Brandenburg-Prussia 1791, to Bavaria 1807) BREISGAU (see Zähringen) BRUNSWICK-LÜNEBURG (BRAUNSCHWEIG-LÜNEBURG)

After Heinrich the Lion of Saxony was deposed as duke of Saxony and Bavaria in 1180, he retained possession of his personal estates and counties in Lower Saxony. These lands were united in the hands of his grandson Otto the Child, who was granted the title of duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg in 1235. The inheritance was divided and subdivided among numerous branches of the family, with the tendency to form two major lines centered on Brunswick and Wolfenbüttel in one case and Lüneburg and Celle in the other. In 1692 the duke of Lüneburg became elector of Hanover (in 1714 this line came to the throne of Great Britain, and Hanover was promoted to kingom in 1814). The other major branch of the dynasty retained the duchy of Brunswick until it became extinct in 1884 and was eventually inherited by the then dispossessed heir of Hanover. Both Hanover and Brunswick entered the German Empire in 1871.

Counts in Lower Saxony

Welf House of Este 1180–1195 Heinrich I, the Lion … son of duke Heinrich II of Saxony; Saxony 1142–1180 1195–1227 Heinrich II, the Tall … son of Heinrich I; in Hanover

& 1195–1218 Otto I … son of Heinrich I; in Brunswick; German king 1198–1218 & 1195–1213 Wilhelm, the Old … son of Heinrich I; in Lüneburg

1213–1235 Otto II, the Child … son of Wilhelm; duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg 1235–1252 Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg

1235–1252 Otto I, the Child … son of Wilhelm; former count in Lower Saxony 1213–1235 1252–1267 Albrecht I, the Great … son of Otto I; to Brunswick 1267–1279

& 1252–1267 Johann … son of Otto I; to Lüneburg 1267–1277 (division into Brunswick and Lüneburg 1267)

Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Brunswick (Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel)

Old Line of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Brunswick 1267–1279 Albrecht I, the Great … son of duke Otto I of Brunswick-Lüneburg; 1252–1267 1279–1286 Heinrich, the Singular … son of Albrecht I; to Grubenhagen 1286–1322

& 1279–1292 Wilhelm … son of Albrecht I; in Wolfenbüttel 1292–1318 Abrecht II, the Fat … son of Albrecht I; associated 1279; in Göttingen 1286 1318–1369 Magnus I, the Pious … son of Albrecht II

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1369–1373 Magnus II, Torquatus … son of Magnus I; associated 1345 1373–1400 Friedrich … son of Magnus II 1400–1428 Bernhard … son of Magnus II; to Lüneburg 1428–1434

New Line of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Brunswick 1428–1482 Wilhelm I, the Victorious … son of duke Heinrich I of Lüneburg, son of Magnus II

+ Heinrich, the Pacific … brother of Wilhelm I; associated 1428–1473 1482–1495 Wilhelm II, the Younger … son of Wilhelm I; associated 1447; abdicated, died 1503

& 1482–1484 Friedrich, the Turbulent … son of Wilhelm I; associated 1447; to Calenberg 1484–1485; died 1495

1495–1514 Heinrich I, the Elder … son of Wilhelm II; associated 1491 1514–1568 Heinrich II, the Younger … son of Heinrich I 1568–1589 Julius … son of Heinrich II 1589–1613 Heinrich Julius … son of Julius 1613–1634 Friedrich Ulrich … son of Heinrich Julius

Line of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Dannenberg 1635–1666 August, the Younger … son of duke Heinrich of Dannenberg 1666–1704 Rudolf August … son of August 1704–1714 Anton Ulrich … son of August; associated 1685 1714–1731 August Wilhelm … son of Anton Ulrich 1731–1735 Ludwig Rudolf … son of Anton Ulrich

Line of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Bevern 1735 Ferdinand Albrecht II … son of duke Ferdinand Albrecht I of Bevern, son of August

1735–1780 Karl I … son of Ferdinand Albrecht II 1780–1806 Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand … son of Karl I 1806–1807 Friedrich Wilhelm … son of Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand; deposed 1807–1813 (to Westphalia) 1813–1815 Friedrich Wilhelm … restored 1815–1830 Karl II … son of Friedrich Wilhelm; deposed, died 1873 1830–1884 Wilhelm … son of Friedrich Wilhelm 1885–1906 (regency of Albrecht, son of Albrecht, son of king Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia) 1907–1913 (regency of Johann Albrecht, son of grand duke Friedrich Franz II of Mecklenburg-Schwerin;

resigned, died 1920) Line of Hanover

1913–1918 Ernst August … son of Ernst August, son of king Georg V of Hanover; deposed, died 1953 (republic; to Germany 1918) Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Lüneburg

Old Line of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Lüneburg 1267–1277 Johann … son of duke Otto I of Brunswick-Lüneburg; in Brunswick 1252–1267 1277–1330 Otto II, the Severe … son of Johann 1330–1352 Otto III … son of Otto II

& 1330–1369 Wilhelm … son of Otto II Ascanian House of Saxe-Wittenberg

1369–1385 Albrecht … adopted son of Wilhelm; son of Otto of Saxe-Wittenberg 18 by Elisabeth, daughter of Wilhelm

1385–1388 Wenzel … son of duke Rudolf I of Saxe-Wittenberg, father of Otto, father of Albrecht (above)

18 Otto was the son of duke Rudolf I of Saxe-Wittenberg.

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Middle Line of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Lüneburg 1388–1409 Bernhard I … son of duke Magnus II of Brunswick; abdicated

& 1388–1416 Heinrich I, the Mild … brother of Bernhard I 1416–1428 Wilhelm I, the Victorious … son of Heinrich I; to Calenberg 1432–1482

& 1416–1428 Heinrich II, the Younger … son of Heinrich I; to Brunswick 1428–1473 1428–1434 Bernhard I … restored 1434–1441 Friedrich I, the Pious … son of Bernhard I; abdicated

& 1434–1446 Otto I, the Lame … son of Bernhard I; associated 1428 1446–1457 Friedrich I, the Pious … restored; abdicated, died 1478 1457–1464 Bernhard II … son of Friedrich I

& 1457–1471 Otto II, the Magnanimous … son of Friedrich I 1471–1520 Heinrich III, the Middle … son of Otto II; abdicated, died 1532 1520–1527 Otto III … son of Heinrich III; to Harburg 1527–1549

& 1520–1546 Ernst I, the Confessor … son of Heinrich III & 1536–1539 Franz … son of Heinrich III; to Gifhorn 1539–1549

1546–1559 Franz Otto … son of Ernst I & 1546–1559 Heinrich IV … son of Ernst I; to Dannenberg 1559–1598

1559–1592 Wilhelm II, the Pious … son of Ernst I; associated since 1546 1592–1611 Ernst II … son of Wilhelm II 1611–1633 Christian … son of Wilhelm II; associated 1592 1633–1636 August, the Elder … son of Wilhelm II; associated 1592 1636–1648 Friedrich II … son of Wilhelm II; associated 1592

New Line of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Lüneburg (Celle) 1648–1665 Christian Ludwig … son of duke Georg of Calenberg, son of Wilhelm II

1665 Johann Friedrich … brother of Christian Ludwig; to Calenberg 1665–1679 1665–1705 Georg Wilhelm … brother of Christian Ludwig

(to Hanover 1705)

Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Grubenhagen 1286–1322 Heinrich I, the Singular … son of duke Albrecht I of Brunswick; in Brunswick 1279–1286 1322–1351 Heinrich II, the Greek … son of Heinrich I

& 1322–1361 Ernst I … son of Heinrich I; in Einbeck 1324 + Wilhelm … son of Heinrich I; associated 1322–1360; in Osterode and Herzberg 1324 + Johann … son of Heinrich I; associated 1322–1325; abdicated, died 1367 + Otto I … son of Heinrich II; associated 1351–1376; abdicated, died 1399

1361–1383 Albrecht II … son of Ernst I; in Salzderhelden + Johann … son of Ernst I; associated 1361–1364; abdicated, died 1401 + Ernst … son of Ernst I; associated 1361–1383; abdicated, died c.1401 + Friedrich … son of Ernst I; associated 1361–1421 in Osterode and Herzberg

1383–1427 Erich I … son of Albrecht II; in Salzderhelden + Otto II … son of Friedrich; associated 1421–1452 in Osterode and Herzberg

1427–1464 Heinrich III … son of Erich I & 1427–1466 Ernst II … son of Erich I; in Einbeck & 1427–1485 Albrecht III … son of Erich I; in Osterode

1464–1526 Heinrich IV … son of Heinrich III 1485–1551 Philipp I … son of Albrecht III

& 1485–1532 Erich II … son of Albrecht III; bishop of Padeborn and Osnabrück from 1508

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1551–1567 Ernst III … son of Philipp I + Johann … son of Philipp I; associated 1551–1557

1567–1595 Wolfgang … son of Philipp I; associated 1551 1595–1596 Philipp II … son of Philipp I; associated 1551

(to Lüneburg 1596)

Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Göttingen 1286–1318 Albrecht II, the Fat … son of duke Albrecht I of Brunswick; Brunswick 1279–1286 1318–1344 Otto I, the Liberal … son of Albrecht II

& 1318–1367 Ernst I … son of Albrecht II + Ernst II … son of Ernst I; associated 1355–1363 + Albrecht III … son of Ernst I; associated c.1360?–1363

1367–1394 Otto II, the Bad … son of Ernst I 1394–1442 Otto III, the One-Eyed … son of Otto II; deposed, died 1463

(to Brunswick 1442, to Calenberg 1463) Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Calenberg

Line of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Calenberg 1432–1482 Wilhelm I, the Victorious … son of duke Heinrich I of Lüneburg; Lüneburg 1416–1428 1482–1484 Wilhelm II, the Younger … son of Wilhelm I; associated 1447; abdicated 1484–1485 Friedrich, the Turbulent … son of Wilhelm I; associated 1447; deposed, died 1495 1485–1495 Wilhelm II, the Younger … restored; abdicated, died 1503 1495–1540 Erich I … son of Wilhelm II 1540–1584 Erich II … son of Erich I 1584–1635 (to Brunswick)

New Line of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Calenberg 1635–1641 Georg … son of duke Wilhelm II of Lüneburg 1641–1648 Christian Ludwig … son of Georg; to Lüneburg (Celle) 1648–1665 1668–1665 Georg Wilhelm … son of Georg; to Lüneburg (Celle) 1665–1705 1665–1679 Johann Wilhelm … son of Georg; in Lüneburg (Celle) 1665 1679–1692 Ernst August … son of Georg; elector of Hanover 1692–1698

(to Hanover 1692)

Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Harburg and Moisburg 1527–1549 Otto I … son of duke Heinrich III of Lüneburg; Lüneburg 1520–1527 1549–1603 Otto II … son of Otto I 1603–1642 Wilhelm August … son of Otto II

& 1603–1606 Christoph … son of Otto II & 1603–1641 Otto III … son of Otto II

(to Lüneburg 1642)

Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Celle 1527–1546 Ernst I, the Confessor … son of duke Heinrich III of Lüneburg; Lüneburg 1520–1527 1546–1592 Wilhelm, the Pious … son of Ernst I 1592–1611 Ernst II … son of Wilhelm 1611–1633 Christian … son of Wilhelm; associated 1592 1633–1636 August … son of Wilhelm; associated 1592 1636–1648 Friedrich … son of Wilhelm; associated 1592

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1648–1665 Christian Ludwig … son of duke Georg of Calenberg, son of Wilhelm 1665 Johann Friedrich … brother of Christian Ludwig; to Calenberg 1665–1679

1665–1705 Georg Wilhelm … brother of Christian Ludwig (to Hanover 1705)

Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Dannenberg

1569–1598 Heinrich … son of duke Ernst I of Lüneburg-Celle; Celle 1559–1569 1598–1636 Julius Ernst … son of Heinrich

(to Brunswick 1636)

Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Bevern 1666–1687 Ferdinand Albrecht I … son of duke August of Brunswick 1687–1735 Ferdinand Albrecht II … son of Ferdinand Albrecht I; to Brunswick 1735

& 1687–1746 Ernst Ferdinand … son of Ferdinand Albrecht I 1746–1781 August Wilhelm … son of Ernst Ferdinand 1781–1807 Friedrich Karl Ferdinand … son of Ernst Ferdinand; deposed, died 1809

(to Westphalia 1807, to Brunswick 1813) CASTELL

Although lords and counts of Castell in Franconia are attested from the 11th century, their chronology and genealogy remains very unclear until the early 13th century. After several short-lived divisions of the county, it divided into two long-lasting lines, Remlingen and Rüdenhausen, in 1597. In 1762 the line of Remlingen was inherited by its own offshoot, Castell-Castell. In 1803 Castell-Castell also inherited Rüdenhausen, but immediately started a new line there. In 1806 the county of Castell was mediatized in favor of Bavaria.

Counts of Castell

House of Castell 1202–1223: Ruprecht I … count of Castell

1223:–:1240 Ruprecht II … son of Ruprecht I & :1223–c.1231 Ludwig … son of Ruprecht I

:1240–1251: Friedrich II … son of Ruprecht II & :1240–1254: Heinrich I … son of Ruprecht II

:1254: Friedrich III … son of Friedrich II & :1254–1307 Heinrich II … son of Friedrich II & :1254–:1289 Hermann II … son of Friedrich II

:1289–1349 Friedrich IV … son of Hermann II 1307–1334 Ruprecht III … son of Heinrich II

& 1307–:1331 Hermann III … son of Heinrich II & 1307–1347: Heinrich III … son of Heinrich II

1349–1363 Hermann IV … son of Friedrich IV & 1349–c.1376 Friedrich VII … son of Friedrich IV

1363–1384 Johann … son of Hermann IV & 1363–1399 Wilhelm I … son of Hermann IV c.1376–1426 Leonhard … son of Friedrich VII

1426–1479 Wilhelm II … son of Leonhard & 1426–c.1431 Friedrich VIII … son of Leonhard

1479–1498 Friedrich IX … son of Wilhelm II

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1498–1506 Georg I … son of Friedrich IX & 1498–c.1500 Friedrich X … son of Friedrich IX

& 1498–1546 Wolfgang I … son of Friedrich IX 1546–1577 Konrad … son of Wolfgang I; in Castell

& 1546–1595 Heinrich IV … son of Wolfgang I; in Remlingen & 1546–1597 Georg II … son of Wolfgang I; in Rüdenhausen

(division into Remlingen and Rüdenhausen 1597) Counts of Castell in Remlingen

1597–1631 Wolfgang II … son of count Georg II of Castell 1631–1668 Wolfgang Georg I … son of Wolfgang II 1668–1709 Wolfgang Dietrich … son of Wolfgang Georg I

& 1668–1717 Friedrich Magnus … son of Wolfgang Dietrich 1709–1743 Karl Friedrich Gottlieb … son of Wolfgang Dietrich 1743–1762 Christian Adolf … son of Karl Friedrich Gottlieb

(to Castell-Castell 1762) Counts of Castell in Castell

1709–1735 Wolfgang Georg II … son of Wolfgang Dietrich; in Castell + August Franz Friedrich … son of Wolfgang Dietrich; associated in Castell 1809–1767 + Ludwig Friedrich … son of Wolfgang Dietrich; associated in Rehweiler 1709–1772

1735–1773 Christian Friedrich Karl … son of Wolfgang Georg II; husband of Katharina Hedwig, daughter of Karl Friedrich Gottlieb of Remlingen

1773–1806 Albrecht Friedrich Karl … son of Christian Friedrich Karl; mediatized, died 1810 & 1773–1803 Christian Friedrich … son of Christian Friedrich Karl; to Rüdenhausen 1803–1806

(to Bavaria 1806; largely to Württemberg 1810; to Bavaria 1815) Counts of Castell in Rüdenhausen

1597–1635 Gottfried … son of count Georg II of Castell 1635–1653 Georg Friedrich … son of Gottfried 1653–1681 Philipp Gottfried … son of Georg Friedrich 1681–1749 Johann Friedrich … son of Philipp Gottfried 1749–1803 Friedrich Ludwig … son of Johann Friedrich 1803–1806 Christian Friedrich … son of count Christian Friedrich Karl of Castell-Castell; Castell

1773–1803; mediatized, died 1850 (to Bavaria 1806; largely to Württemberg 1810; to Bavaria 1815) CHINY

The county of Chiny in Lower Lorraine formed out of the old county of Ivois (today Carignan, France) in the early 11th century. The county was situated between the French-German frontier and the county, later duchy of Luxembourg. Its capital shifted from Chiny (now in southeastern Belgium) to Montmédy (now in France) by 1285. The county passed from the House of Warcq to those of Looz, Sponheim, and Oreye. Thierry of Sponheim-Heinsberg sold half of the county to Luxembourg in 1345, and the last count, Arnoul IV of Oreye, sold the remaining half to Luxembourg in 1364. From 1839, most of the old county of Chiny became part of the Belgian province of Luxembourg; a portion, however, including Montmédy and called “Luxembourg français,” had become part of France in 1659.

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Lords and Counts of Chiny House of Warcq

971–c.987 Othon I … son of (?) count Albert I of Vermandois; count of Ivois c.987–1025 Louis I … son of Othon I 1025–:1066 Louis II … son of Louis I :1066–1106 Arnoul I … son of Louis II 1106–1131 Othon II … son of Arnoul I 1131–1162 Albert … son of Othon II 1162–1189 Louis III … son of Albert 1189–1226 Louis IV, the Younger … son of Louis III 1226–1271 Jeanne … daughter of Louis IV

& 1226–1271 Arnoul II … husband of Jeanne; son of count Gerard III of Looz-Rieneck; died 1272: House of Looz

1271–1299 Louis V … son of Arnoul II and Jeanne 1299–1313 Arnoul III … son of count Jan of Looz, brother of Louis V; abdicated, died 1327 1313–1336 Louis VI … son of Arnoul III

House of Sponheim 1336–1361 Thierry … son of count Gottfried II of Heinsberg by Mathilde, daughter of Arnoul III

& 1336–1354: Godefroy I … brother of Thierry 1361–1362 Godefroy II … son of count Johann I of Heinsberg, brother of Thierry; sold county, died 1395

House of Oreye 1362–1364 Arnoul IV … son of Guillaume of Rumigny by Jeanne, daughter of Arnoul III; sold

county; died 1373 (to Luxembourg 1364) CLEVES (KLEVE)

The beginnings of the county of Cleves in Lower Lorraine are imperfectly known, but the original line of counts became extinct in 1368, and the county was inherited the House of Mark, which survived until 1609. By that time, a sequence of marriages and inheritances assembled most of the secular principalities of the Lower Rhine (Jülich, Cleves, Berg, and Mark) into a single agglomeration of territories. On the extinction of the House of Mark, these lands were contested between the Wittelsbach House of the Palatinate-Neuburg and the Hohenzollern House of Brandenburg. The Peace of Xanten in 1614 allotted Cleves and Mark to Brandenburg. In 1801 the French occupied the part of Cleves situated west of the Rhine, another part was ceded to the Batavian Republic in 1803, and the remainder to France in 1805. This last part was mostly included in the Grand Duchy of Berg (1806–1813). The Congress of Vienna in 1815 returned all of Cleves to Prussia, except for the portion that had been ceded to the Batavian Republic in 1803, which has remained in the Netherlands.

Counts of Cleves

Antoing House of Cleves ?–:1092 Rütger II … son of count Rütger I

:1092–1118: Dietrich I … son of count Rütger II :1120–1147 Arnold … son of Dietrich I19 1147–1172 Dietrich II … son of Arnold 1172–1198: Dietrich III … son of Dietrich II :1203–1260 Dietrich IV, Nust … son of Dietrich III 1260–1275 Dietrich V … son of Dietrich IV

19 Alternately Arnold I may have been the brother of Dietrich I.

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1275–1305 Dietrich VI … son of Dietrich V 1305–1310 Otto, the Peaceable … son of Dietrich VI 1310–1347 Dietrich VII … son of Dietrich VI 1347–1368 Johann … son of Dietrich VI

Berg House of Mark-Altena 1368–1394 Adolf I … son of count Adolf II of Mark by Margarete, daughter of Dietrich VII; bishop

of Münster 1357–1363; bishop of Cologne 1363–1364 1394–1417 Adolf II … son of Adolf I; duke of Cleves 1417–1448

Dukes of Cleves

1417–1448 Adolf … former count of Cleves 1394–1417 1448–1481 Johann I, the Wrangler … son of Adolf 1481–1521 Johann II, the Childmaker … son of Johann I 1521–1539 Johann III, the Peaceable … son of Johann II 1539–1592 Wilhelm, the Rich … son of Johann III 1592–1609 Johann Wilhelm … son of Wilhelm; bishop of Münster 1574–1585

(divided between Brandenburg and the Palatinate-Neurburg 1609; to Brandenburg 1614; to France 1801/1805; to Berg 1806; to Prussia 1815)

COLLOREDO-MANNSFELD

According to tradition the barons of Colloredo originated in Swabia and settled in Friuli in the 11th century. In 1588 the family was raised to the rank of imperial barons (Freiherr). In the early 14th century the family possessions were divided into three lines. Two of these achieved comital status in the 1620s, but it was the third, imperial counts only in 1724, that eventually acquired princely rank in 1763. Franz Gundaker added the name of Mannsfeld, after inheriting the allodial estates of the princes of Mansfeld (note the different spelling) through marriage. In 1803–1804 he purchased portions of the immediate counties of Rieneck and Limpurg-Speckfeld. The brief period of sovereignty ended when the principality was mediatized in favor of Bavaria and Regensburg in 1806.

Counts and Princes of Colloredo, then Colloredo-Mannsfeld

House of Colloredo 1711–1727 Hieronymus IV … son of Ferdinand of Colloredo; Bohemian count; imperial count 1724 1727–1788 Rudolf Joseph … son of Hieronymus IV; prince 1763 1788–1806 Franz Gundaker … son of Rudolf Joseph; mediatized, died 1807

(Rieneck to Regensburg; Limpurg-Speckfeld to Bavaria 1806) CROŸ-DÜLMEN

The family of Croÿ in Hainault was descended, according to tradition, from Hungarian nobility. It was favored by the Valois dukes of Burgundy and their Habsburg heirs, but also secured the friendship of the kings of France. Having acquired possessions in France, Germany, and the Low Countries, the family divided into two main branches, those of Aerschot and Chimay, and subdivided into many more. The count of Chimay was the first to be promoted to imperial prince, in 1486, while the lords of Aerschot (also counts of Porcien) advanced to the rank of marquis and later duke in 1534. A member of this line, the count of Porcien, was promoted to prince in 1561. Among other members of this branch, the duke of Aerschot was invested as duke of Croÿ by the king of France in 1598, but the promotion of his uncle Charles-Philippe of Havré to imperial prince in 1594 was constitutionally more significant. Due to the successive extinctions of several family branches in the male line, the titles of duke and prince of Croÿ migrated from one line to another, before being settled on the

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line of Croÿ-Solre, the only one to survive into the mid-19th century. Losing their possessions west of the Rhine to France by the Treaty of Lunéville in 1801, the princes of Croÿ received the immediate county of Dülmen as compensation in 1803. This principality was mediatized in favor of Arenberg in 1806.

Lords of Croÿ

House of Croÿ c.1350–1384 Guillaume … son of Jacques II of Croÿ; lord of Croÿ and Renty

1384–1415 Jean I … son of Guillaume; purchased Chinay 1397 1415–1475 Antoine, the Great … son of Guillaume; lord of Rœulx 1429, Aerschot 1431, Solre 1433,

Porcien 1438; count of Porcien and Guînes 1455 & 1415–1473 Jean II … son of Guillaume; to Chimay 1473

1475–1511 Philippe I … son of Antoine 1511–1514 Henri … son of Philippe I

+ Guillaume … son of Philippe I; marquis of Aerschot 1518–1521 1514–1549 Philippe II … son of Henri; marquis of Renty 1532, duke of Aerschot 1534; inherited

Chimay 1539 1549–1551 Charles I … son of Philippe II 1551–1595 Philippe III … son of Philippe II 1595–1612 Charles II … son of Philippe III; duke of Croÿ 1598

(to Croÿ-Havré 1612 20) Lords and Margraves of Croÿ in Renty

1354–1532 (to Croÿ) 1532–1549 Philippe II … son of Henri of Croÿ-Aerschot; marquis 1532 1549–1565 Guillaume … son of Philippe II 1565–1608 Anne … daughter of Guillaume

& c.1588–1590 Emmanuel-Philibert of Lalaing … married Anne; son of count Charles II of Lalaing & 1592–1612 Philippe III of Croÿ … married Anne; son of Jacques of Croÿ-Sempy

1612–1640 Charles-Philippe … son of Philippe III and Anne 1640–1665 Philippe-Eugène … son of Charles-Philippe; bishop of Valencia 1665–1683 Marie-Ferdinande … daughter of Charles-Philippe

& 1665–1682 Philippe-Louis of Egmond … husband of Marie Ferdinande; son of count Lodewijk of Egmond, son of count Jan IV, son of count Jan III, son of Willem of Egmond, brother of duke Arnold of Guelders

(to the House of Egmond 1683) Princes and Dukes of Croÿ in Havré

First Line of Croÿ-Havré 1574–1613 Charles-Philippe … posthumous son of duke Philippe II of Croÿ-Aerschot; marquis of

Havré; prince of Croÿ 1594 1613–1624 Charles-Alexandre … son of Charles-Philippe; inherited the duchy of Croÿ 1613

Ernest … son of Charles-Philippe; to Fénétrange 1613–1620 1624–1684 Ernest-Bogislav … son of Ernest; in Fénétrange since 1620; bishop of Cammin

(duchy of Croÿ to Croÿ-Rœulx 1684)

20 On Charles II’s death Aerschot and Chimay were inherited by his sister Anne and her husband, prince Karl of Arenberg.

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Second Line of Croÿ-Havré 1627–1664 Marie-Claire … daughter of Charles Alexandre; duchess of Havré 1627

& 1627–1640 Charles-Philippe of Croÿ … married Marie-Claire; son of count Philippe of Croÿ-Solre & 1643–1650 Philippe-François of Croÿ … married Marie-Claire; brother of Charles-Philippe

1650–1694 Ferdinand-François-Joseph … son of Philippe-François and Marie-Claire 1694–1710 Charles-Antoine-Joseph … son of Ferdinand-François-Joseph 1710–1737 Jean-Baptiste … son of Ferdinand-François-Joseph 1737–1761 Louis-Ferdinand-Joseph … son of Jean-Baptiste 1761–1794 Joseph-Anne … son of Louis-Ferdinand-Joseph; mediatized, died 1839

(to France 1794; to the Netherlands 1815; to Belgium 1831) Counts and Princes of Croÿ in Porcien

1438–1514 (to the lords of Croÿ-Aerschot) 1514–1556 Charles I … son of Henri of Croÿ-Aerschot 1556–1567 Antoine … son of Charles I; prince 1561 1567–1595 Philippe … son of duke Philippe II of Aerschot, brother of Charles 1595–1608 Charles II … son of Philippe III; abdicated, died 1612

(to Nevers 1608) Lords and Counts of Croÿ in Rœulx, Dukes of Croÿ

1475–1505 Jean III … son of Antoine of Croÿ-Aerschot 1505–1524 Ferry … son of Jean III

Jean … son of Jean III; to Crésèques 1505–1524 1524–1553 Adrien … son of Ferry; count 1530 1553–1581 Jean IV … son of Adrien 1581–1585 Eustache I … son of Adrien 1585–1607 Gérard … son of Adrien 1607–1609 Eustache II … son of Jean of Crésèques; in Crésèques since 1524 1609–1636 Claude … son of Eustache II

& 1609–1610 François … son of Eustache II; to Megen 1610–1619 (line extinct 1674) 1636–1673 Eustache III … son of Claude; prince 1664? 1673–1720 Ferdinand-Gaston-Lamoral … son of Eustache III; inherited duchy of Croÿ 1684 1720–1767 Ferdinand-Gaston-Joseph … son of Philippe-François, son of Ferdinand-Gaston-Lamoral

(to Croÿ-Solre 1767) Princes of Croÿ in Millendonck

1664–1685 Jacques-Philippe … son of count Claude of Croÿ-Rœulx 1685–1694 Charles-Eugène … son of Jacques-Philippe; abdicated, died 1702

(to Berlepsch 1694; to France 1794; to Prussia 1813; to Germany 1918) Counts and Princes of Croÿ in Chimay

1473 Jean II … son of Jean I of Croÿ 1473–1482 Philippe I … son of Jean II

Michel … son of Jean II; to Sempy 1473–1516 1482–1527 Charles I … son of Philippe I; prince 1486 1527–1539 Anne I … daughter of Charles I

& 1527–1539 Philippe II … husband of Anne I; son of Henri of Croÿ-Aerschot; died 1549

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1539–1551 Charles II … son of Philippe II and Anne I; also Aerschot 1551–1595 Philippe III … son of Philippe II and Anne I; also Aerschot and Porcien 1595–1612 Charles III … son of Philippe III; also Aerschot and Porcien 1612–1613 Anne II … daughter of Philippe III; abdicated; Aerschot 1612–1635

& 1612–1613 Charles IV … husband of Anne; son of count Johann III of Ligne; Ligne 1586–1616 Ligne House of Arenberg

1613–1629 Alexandre … son of Charles II and Anne II 1629–1643 Albert … son of Alexandre 1643–1675 Philippe IV … son of Alexandre 1675–1686 Ernest-Alexandre-Dominique … son of Philippe IV

House of Hénin-Liétard 1686–1688 Philippe-Louis … son of count Eugène of Boussu by Anne, daughter of Alexandre 1688–1737 Charles-Louis-Antoine … son of Philippe Louis; abdicated, died 1740

& 1688–1745 Alexandre-Gabriel-Joseph … son of Philippe-Louis; confirmed as prince 1735 1745–1759 Thomas-Alexandre-Marc-Michel … son of Alexandre-Gabriel-Joseph 1759–1761 Thomas-Alexandre-Marc-Maurice … son of Thomas-Alexandre-Marc-Michel 1761–1794 Philippe-Gabriel … son of Alexandre-Gabriel-Joseph; deposed, died 1804

(to France 1794; to the Netherlands 1815; to Belgium 1831) Lords of Croÿ in Sempy, Counts and Princes of Solre, Princes and Dukes of Croÿ

House of Croÿ 1482–1546 Antoine … son of count Philippe I of Chimay 1546–1587 Jacques … son of Antoine 1587–1612 Philippe … son of Jacques; count of Solre 1590 1612–1640 Jean … son of Philippe

Charles-Philippe … son of Philippe; to Renty 1612–1640 (line extinct 1665) Philippe-François … son of Philippe; to Havré 1643–1650 (line continued)

1640–1670 Philippe-Emmanuel-Antoine … son of Jean 1670–1718 Philippe-Emmanuel-Ferdinand … son of Philippe-Emmanuel-Antoine; prince of Solre 1677

Balthasar-Charles … son of Philippe-Emmanuel-Antoine; to Molembais 1670–1704 (line extinct 1764) 1718–1723 Philippe-Alexandre-Emmanuel … son of Philippe-Emmanuel-Ferdinand 1723–1784 Emmanuel … son of Philippe-Alexandre-Emmanuel; prince 1742; inherited duchy of Croÿ 1767 1784–1803 Anne-Emmanuel … son of Emmanuel 1803–1806 Auguste … son of Anne-Emmanuel; count of Dülmen 1803; mediatized, died 1822

(to Arenberg 1806) DALBERG

Following the advance of the French, Karl Theodor of Dalberg, archibishop and elector of Mainz, lost his lands west of the Rhine to France by the Treaty of Lunéville in 1801. Like others in this predicament, he was compensated with new lands in 1803, including the principalities of Regensburg and Aschaffenburg and the county of Wetzlar. In 1806 he acquired Frankfurt, and became its grand duke in 1810 (turning over the principlaity but not the archbishopric of Regensburg to Bavaria). With the collapse of the Napoleonic order in Germany in 1813 he abdicated (except as archbishop) in favor of Napoléon’s stepson Eugène de Beauharnais, but the latter was unable to take possession.

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Prince of Regensburg, then Grand Duke of Frankfurt House of Dalberg

1803–1813 Karl Theodor … son of Franz Heinrich of Dalberg; archbishop/elector of Mainz, bishop of Worms; prince of Regensburg 1803–1810; grand duke of Frankfurt 1810; abdicated, died 1817

(Regensburg to Bavaria 1810; remainder divided between Bavaria and Hesse 1814)

DIETRICHSTEIN

A noble of Carinthian descent, Sigismund of Dietrichstein, was created baron in 1514 by his father-in-law, the emperor Maximilian I. His son Adam was invested with the Moravian lordship of Nikolsburg (Mikulov) in 1575. Adam’s son, bishop Franz Seraph of Olomouc, was created imperial prince in 1622, a title made hereditary for his nephew Maximilian in 1631. In 1684 Ferdinand Joseph was created imperial count of Tarasp, which gave the family a place among the secular princes of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1803 the prince of Dietrichstein was compelled to cede Tarasp to Switzerland, and was compensated with Neu Ravensburg. In 1806 the family was mediatized and its possessions passed to Württemberg.

Counts and Princes of Dietrichstein

House of Dietrichstein 1575–1590 Adam … son of Sigismund of Dietrichstein-Hollenburg by Barbara, bastard daughter of

emperor Maximilian I 1590–1602 Sigismund … son of Adam; count 1600 1602–1609 Johann Adam … son of Sigismund 1602–1655 Maximilian … son of Sigismund; imperial count 1612; prince 1631 1655–1698 Ferdinand Joseph … son of Maximilian; count of Tarasp 1684 1698–1708 Leopold Ignaz Joseph … son of Ferdinand Joseph 1708–1738 Walther Xaver … son of Ferdinand Joseph 1738–1782 Karl Maximilian … son of Walther Xaver; abdicated, died 1784 1782–1806 Karl … son of Karl Maximilian; exchanged Tarasp for Neu Ravensberg 1803; mediatized, died 1808

(Neu Ravensberg to Württemberg 1806) EGGENBERG

An Austrian merchant family from Graz, the Eggenbergs served the Habsburgs since the mid-15th century, and weathered the occupation of the eastern Austrian lands by the Hungarian king Mátyás in the 1480s. In 1598 Johann Ulrich (Hans Ulrich) was made imperial baron (Freiherr) and in 1623 he was promoted to imperial count, being further rewarded with the title duke of Krumau in 1628. His son purchased the princely county of Gradisca in Friuli in 1647. On the extinction of the male line of princes in 1717, Gradisca returned to Austria, while the allodial estates were inherited by the Houses of Schwarzenberg and Herberstein.

Barons and Princes of Eggenberg

Princes of Eggenberg 1598–1634 Johann Ulrich … son of Seyfried of Eggenberg; prince 1623, duke of Krumau 1628 1634–1649 Johann Anton I … son of Johann Ulrich; princely count of Gradisca 1647 1649–1710 Johann Christian I … son of Johann Anton I

& 1649–1713 Johann Seyfried … son of Johann Anton I 1713–1716 Johann Anton II … son of Johann Seyfried 1716–1717 Johann Christian II … son of Johann Anton II

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1717–1774 Maria Anna … daughter of Johann Anton II; only in Eggenberg (Gradisca to Austria, Krumau to Schwarzenberg 1717, Eggenberg to Herberstein 1774 21) ERBACH

The lords of Erbach in Franconia served as ministeriales and cupbearers (Schenken) of the elector Palatine, reflected in the later family name, Schenk von Erbach. In c.1270 the family divided into three lines, of which only one survived into the 1530s. The head of that line, Eberhard XI, was raised to imperial count in 1532; he and his descendants Georg III and Georg Albrecht I were the only members of the family to reunite, however briefly, all the family lands. After further divisions in the 17th century, there appeared three lines that survived until the end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806: Fürstenau, Erbach, and Schönberg. The county was mediatized in favor of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1806.

Counts of Erbach

House of Erbach 1481–1539 Eberhard XI … son of Georg I of Erbach; count 1532

& 1539–1569 Georg II … son of Eberhard XI; in Michelstadt & 1539–1564 Eberhard XII … son of Eberhard XI; in Erbach & 1539–1563 Valentin II … son of Eberhard XI; in Schönberg

1564–1605 Georg III … son of Eberhard XII; all Erbach 1569 1605–1618 Friedrich Magnus … son of Georg III; in Fürstenau 1606

& 1605–1643 Ludwig I … son of Georg III; in Erbach 1606 & 1605–1627 Johann Kasimir … son of Georg III; in Breuberg 1606 & 1605–1647 Georg Albrecht I … son of Georg III; in Schönberg 1606; all Erbach 1643

1647–1669 Georg Ernst … son of Georg Albrecht I; in Wildenstein & 1647–1653 Georg Friedrich … son of Georg Albrecht I; in Breuberg & 1647–1693 Georg Ludwig I … son of Georg Albrecht I; in Erbach; Wildenstein 1672; Breuberg 1678 & 1647–1678 Georg IV … son of Georg Albrecht I; in Fürstenau; Breuberg 1672 & 1647–1717 Georg Albrecht II … son of Georg Albrecht I; in Schönberg 1672; Fürstenau 1678

1693–1720 Philipp Ludwig … son of Georg Ludwig I; in Erbach & 1693–1704 Karl Albrecht Ludwig … son of Georg Ludwig I; in Erbach & 1693–1731 Friedrich Karl … son of Georg Ludwig I; in Erbach

(division into Fürstenau, Erbach, and Schönberg 1717) Counts of Erbach in Fürstenau

1717–1736 Philipp Karl … son of count Georg Albrecht II of Erbach 1736–1742 Johann Wilhelm … son of Philipp Karl

& 1736–1794 Ludwig Friedrich … son of Philipp Karl & 1736–1778 Georg Albrecht III … son of Philipp Karl

1778–1784 Friedrich August … son of Georg Albrecht III 1784–1803 Christian Karl … son of Georg Albrecht III 1803–1806 Albrecht August Ludwig … son of Christian Karl; mediatized, died 1851

(to Hesse-Darmstadt 1806)

21 Krumau passed to Johann Christian I’s widow Maria Ernestina, daughter of prince Johann Adolf I of Schwarzenberg; Eggenberg passed to Maria Anna’s husband count Johann Leopold Franz of Herberstein.

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Counts of Erbach in Erbach 1717–1757 Georg Wilhelm … son of count Georg Albrecht II of Erbach; in Breuberg; Erbach 1747 1757–1803 Franz … son of Georg Wilhelm; mediatized, died 1823

(to Hesse-Darmstadt 1806) Counts of Erbach in Schönberg

1717–1758 Georg August … son of count Georg Albrecht II of Erbach 1758–1777 Georg Ludwig II … son of Georg August 1777–1788 Franz Karl … son of Georg August 1788–1799 Christian … son of Georg August 1799–1806 Karl … son of Georg August; mediatized, died 1816

(to Hesse-Darmstadt 1806) ESZTERHÁZY-GALÁNTHA

Miklós (Nikolaus) of Eszterházy-Galántha, the baron of Fraknó (Forchtenstein, now in Austria) and palatine of Hungary, was promoted to count in 1626. His second son, Paul I, also palatine of Hungary, was promoted to prince of the Holy Roman Empire in 1687. Patrons of the arts, the princes flourished in the next century. In 1804 Nikolaus II purchased the immediate county of Edelstetten from the prince of Ligne. Only two years later the principality was mediatized in favor of Bavaria. The list includes only the princely line of the family.

Princes of Eszterházy of Galántha

House of Eszterházy 1652–1713 Paul I … son of count Nikolaus; prince 1687 1713–1721 Michael … son of Paul I

1721 Joseph … son of Paul I 1721–1762 Paul II … son of Joseph 1762–1790 Nikolaus I … son of Joseph 1790–1794 Anton … son of Nikolaus I 1794–1806 Nikolaus II … son of Anton; mediatized, died 1833

(to Bavaria 1806)

FRANCONIA (FRANKEN)

One of the tribal duchies that made up the German kingdom at the beginning of the 10th century, Franconia produced the first non-Carolingian king of the East Franks in 911. However, the defeat and death of duke Eberhard at the hands of king Otto I in 939 resulted in the premature suspension of ducal authority. Franconia came nominally under the direct authority of the king and experienced a gradual but complete disintegration as a political unit, as was later the case with neighboring Swabia to the south. Actual power passed to the regional counts and bishops, chief among whom were the Salian counts of Wormsgau in western Franconia (Rheinfranken) and the bishops of Würzburg in eastern Franconia (Ostfranken). The Salians and their Hohenstaufen successors were so influential in western Franconia, that they were informally described as its dukes in some of the sources. In spite of this, and although Frankfurt in Franconia served in some ways as the capital of the Empire, the potential of converting Franconia into a royal domain was never realized and most royal estates in the region were turned over to the counts Palatine on the Rhine. The bishops of Würzburg, on the other hand, were formally granted ducal authority over eastern Franconia in 1168, and continued to claim this title (more formally from the reign of bishop Johann II, 1411–1440) until the bishopric was secularized in 1802. The remainder of the duchy disintegrated into smaller polities. During the Thirty Years War the Swedes installed Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar as duke of Franconia, but he was deposed within a year (1733–1734).

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Dukes of Franconia

Conradine House of Franconia 892/903–906 Konrad I, the Elder … son of (?) count Udo of Lahngau; count (with ducal rights) in

Franconia 906–918 Konrad II … son of Konrad I; duke 906; German king 911–918 918–939 Eberhard … son of Konrad I

(to the German kingdom 939; disintegration of the duchy 22) Counts in West Franconia

Liudolfing House of Saxony 940 Heinrich I (of Bavaria) … son of king Heinrich I of Germany; deposed, died 955

Salian House of Franconia 940–955 Konrad I, the Red … son of count Werner of Wormsgau and Speyergau 955–985 Otto … son of Konrad I; deposed

Liudolfing House of Saxony 985–995 Heinrich II (of Bavaria) … son of Heinrich I

Salian House of Franconia 995–1004 Otto … restored

1004–1011 Konrad II … son of Otto 1011–1030 Konrad III … son of Konrad II; abdicated, died 1039 1030–1039 Konrad IV … son of count Heinrich of Speyer, son of Otto; German king 1024–1039 1039–1056 Heinrich III, the Black … son of Konrad IV; German king 1039–1056 1056–1076 Heinrich IV … son of Heinrich III; German king 1056–1105, died 1106 1076–1093 Konrad V … son of Heinrich IV; deposed, died 1101

Hohenstaufen House of Swabia 1093–1105 Friedrich I (of Swabia) … husband of Agnes, daughter of Heinrich IV; son of count

Friedrich of Büren 1105–1147 Friedrich II, the One-Eyed (of Swabia) … son of Friedrich I 1147–1156 Friedrich III, Barbarossa … son of Friedrich II; German king 1152–1190 1156–1195 Konrad VI … son of Friedrich II

(to the Empire 1195; continued disintegration of the duchy) Dukes in East Franconia (Rothenburg)

Hohenstaufen House of Swabia 1116–1152 Konrad I … son of duke Friedrich I of Swabia by Agnes, daughter of emperor Heinrich IV;

German king 1138–1152 1152–1167 Friedrich, of Rothenburg … son of Konrad I 1168–1188 (to the bishops of Würzburg) 1188–1196 Konrad II … son of emperor Friedrich I, son of duke Friedrich II of Swabia, brother of Konrad I 1196–1198 Philipp, of Swabia … brother of Konrad II; German king 1198–1208

(to the bishops of Würzburg c.1198)

22 West Franconia dominated by the Salian and Hohenstaufen comital families (as listed below), but much of the lands given to the count palatine of the Rhine in 1093; East Franconia was given to the bishop of Würzburg.

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Duke of Franconia Wettin House of Saxe-Weimar

1633–1634 Bernhard … son of duke Johann of Saxe-Weimar; deposed, died 1639 (to the bishops of Würzburg 1634) FRISIA (FRIESLAND)

The Frisians between the mouths of the Rhine and the Weser, were originally independent, under their dukes or kings Aldegisel (654–680), Radbod (680–719), and Poppo (719–734). In 734 Karl Martel annexed Frisia to the Frankish kingdom. In the 9th century the area was exposed to Viking raids, some Viking chieftains allowed to settle there, as vassals of Carolingian kings. In 885 count Eberhard of Hamaland was invested as duke of Frisia, but ducal authority lapsed after 939. Subsequently authority as counts and margraves in Frisia was given to a branch of the Billungs of Saxony and then to the Brunonids of Brunswick. After a brief dispossession in favor of the bishop of Utrecht, the Brunonids were inherited by Heinrich I of Northeim, whose daughter brought Frisia to the future emperor Lothar II. Their daughter’s marriage to the Welf duke Heinrich II of Saxony brought Frisia to the Welf rulers of future Brunswick-Lüneburg. By this time actual authority over Frisia had become dissipated and divided: local communities and nobles had become effectively autonomous, West Frisia was governed by the counts of Holland, while East Frisia gradually came under the control of the neighboring bishops (for its later history as a distinct principality, see Ostfriesland).

Dukes of Frisia

Danish House 841–873: Rörik 882–885 Gottfried … husband of Gisela, daughter of kign Lothar II of Lorraine

Saxon House of Hamaland 885–898 Eberhard … son of count Meginhard

898–c.915 Meginhard I … brother of Eberhard c.915–939 Meginhard II … son of Eberhard; deposed, died c.955

Counts and margraves in Frisia

Saxon House of Billung :953–994 Ekbert I, the One-eyed … son of count Ekbraht, son of count Wichmann, brother of duke

Hermann of Saxony 994–1016 Wichmann … son of Ekbert I

1016–1028 Ekbert II … son of Ekbert I; replaced, died 1042 Brunonid House of Brunswick

1028–1038 Liudolf … husband of Gertrud, daughter of Ekbert II; son of count Bruno I of Brunswick 1038–1057 Bruno … son of Liudolf 1057–1068 Ekbert III … son of Liudolf 1068–1089 Ekbert IV … son of Ekbert III; deposed, died 1090 1089–1099 (to Konrad, bishop of Utrecht)

House of Northeim 1099–1101 Heinrich, the Fat … husband of Gertrud, daughter of Ekbert III; son of count Otto I of

Northeim House of Supplinburg

1101–1137 Lothar … husband of Richenza, daugher of Heinrich; son of count Gebhard of Supplinburg; German king 1125–1137

(union with Northeim 1117)

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FUGGER-BABENHAUSEN

The Fugger bankers of Augsburg established a beneficial relationship with the Habsburgs and acquired significant economic and political power. In 1530 the emperor Karl V invested the brothers Raymund and Anton Fugger as counts of Kirchberg-Weissenhorn. The two lines established by the brothers subdivided into many branches. One of Anton’s descendants, Anselm Maria of Babenhausen, was promoted to prince in 1803. In 1806, however, the principality was mediatized in favor of Bavaria. Only that branch of the family which attained princely status is included in the list.

Counts and Princes of Fugger in Babenhausen

House of Fugger 1598–1633 Johann … son of count Jakob of Wöllenburg, son of count Anton 1633–1668 Johann Franz … son of Johann 1668–1671 Ferdinand Dominicus … son of Johann Franz 1671–1696 Siegmund Joseph … son of Johann Franz 1696–1724 Ruprecht Joseph Anton … son of Johann Rudolf, son of Johann Franz 1724–1758 Franz Karl … son of Ruprecht Joseph Anton 1758–1759 Johann Jakob … son of Johann Rudolf 1759–1793 Anselm Viktorian … son of Johann Jakob

Christoph Moritz … son of Johann Jakob; to Boos 1759–1777 1793–1806 Anselm Maria … son of Anselm Viktorian; prince 1803; mediatized, died 1821

(to Bavaria 1821) FÜRSTENBERG

The medieval counts of Fürstenberg were descended from those of Urach-Freiburg. The family repeatedly subdivided into several short-lived lines, but its possessions were reunited by count Friedrich II in 1549. On his death in 1559, however, Fürstenberg was divided among his three sons, and subdivided further between branches of the family. Ernst Egon’s sons Franz Egon and Wilhelm Egon held the bishopric of Strasbourg between 1663 and 1704. In 1664 their brother Hermann Egon of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg was promoted to imperial prince. On his son’s death in 1716, these lands and the princely title were shared by the surviving lines of Fürstenberg-Meßkirch and Fürstenberg-Stühlingen, until 1744, when Joseph Wilhelm Ernst of Fürstenberg-Stühlingen reunited the Fürstenberg lands for the first time since 1559. His descendants continued to rule the principality until 1806, when it was mediatized. Most of Fürstenberg was turned over to Bade, with smaller portions given to Württemberg and Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. Only those lines of the House of Fürstenberg that achieved princely status are covered in the list below.

Counts of Fürstenberg

Urach House of Fürstenberg c.1250–1284 Heinrich I … son of count Egino II of Urach; landgrave of Baar 1283

1284–1296 Friedrich I … son of Heinrich I Egino I … son of Heinrich I; to Haslach 1284–1324 (line extinct 1386)

1296–1337 Heinrich II … son of Friedrich I 1337–1370 Konrad I … son of Heinrich II

& 1337–1365 Johann II … son of Heinrich II; in Wolfach & 1337–1367 Heinrich III … son of Heinrich II; in Baar

1367–1408 Heinrich IV … son of Heinrich III; inherited Haslach 1386 1365–1370: Hugo II … son of Johann II 1408–1441 Heinrich V … son of Heinrich IV

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& 1408–1419 Konrad II … son of Heinrich IV; in Wolfach & 1408–1449 Egino II … son of Heinrich IV; in Wartenberg

1419–1490 Heinrich VI … son of Konrad II; in Wolfach 1441–1443 Johann II … son of Heinrich V; associated 1436; in Geisingen

& 1441–1484 Konrad III … son of Heinrich V; in Fürstenberg; inherited Geisingen 1483 1443 Johann III … son of Johann II; in Geisingen

& 1443–1483 Egino III … son of Johann II; in Geisingen 1484–1499 Heinrich VII … son of Konrad III

& 1484–1509 Wolfgang … son of Konrad III 1509–1559 Friedrich II … son of Wolfgang

& 1509–1549 Wilhelm I … son of Wolfgang (division into Heiligenberg, Haslach, and Baar 1559) Counts and Princes of Fürstenberg in Heiligenberg

1559–1598 Joachim … son of count Friedrich II of Fürstenberg; inherited ½ of Baar 1596 1598–1617 Friedrich III … son of Joachim 1617–1618 Wilhelm II … son of Friedrich III

& 1617–1635 Ernst Egon … son of Friedrich III 1635–1653 Ferdinand Friedrich Egon … son of Ernst Egon; to Trochtelfingen 1653–1662 (line extinct 1676)

& 1635–1674 Hermann Egon … son of Ernst Egon; prince 1664 1674–1716 Anton Egon … son of Hermann Egon

(to Fürstenberg-Meßkirch 1716) Counts of Fürstenberg in Haslach

1559 Christoph I … son of count Friedrich II of Fürstenberg + Heinrich VIII … brother of Christoph I; landgrave of Baar 1559–1596

1559–1599 Albrecht I … son of Christoph I; inherited ½ of Baar 1596 1599–1614 Christoph II … son of Albrecht I

& 1599–1609 Wratislaw I … son of Albrecht; to Wolfach 1609–1631 (line extinct 1641) 1614–1622 Wratislaw II … son of Christoph II; to Fürstenberg-Meßkirch 1622–1642

& 1614–1639 Friedrich Rudolf … son of Christoph II; to Fürstenebrg-Stühlingen 1639–1655 (division into Fürstenberg-Meßkirch and Haslach, later Stühlingen 1622) Counts and Princes of Fürstenberg in Meßkirch (Mößkirch)

1622–1642 Wratislaw II … son of count Christoph II of Fürstenberg-Haslach; Fürstenberg-Haslach 1614–1622 1642–1671 Franz Christoph … son of Wratislaw II 1671–1741 Froben Ferdinand … son of Franz Christoph; prince 1716 1741–1744 Karl Friedrich … son of Froben Ferdinand

(to Fürstenberg-Stühlingen 1744) Counts and Princes of Fürstenberg in Stühlingen

1639–1655 Friedrich Rudolf … son of count Christoph II of Fürstenberg-Haslach; Fürstenberg-Haslach 1614–1639; landgrave of Stühlingen 1639

1655–1681 Maximilian Franz … son of Friedrich Rudolf 1681–1704 Prosper Ferdinand … son of Maximilian Franz

& 1681–1689 Leopold Marquard … son of Maximilian Franz 1704–1762 Joseph Wilhelm Ernst … son of Prosper Ferdinand; prince 1716

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Ludwig August Egon … posthumous son of Prosper Ferdinand; to Weitra 1705–1759 (line continued)

1762–1783 Joseph Wenzel … son of Joseph Wilhelm Ernst 1783–1796 Joseph Maria … son of Joseph Wenzel 1796–1804 Karl Joachim … son of Joseph Wenzel

(to Fürstenberg-Pürglitz 1804) Princes of Fürstenberg-Pürglitz

1762–1787 Karl Egon I … son of prince Joseph Wilhelm Ernst of Fürstenberg-Stühlingen 1787–1790 Philipp Nerius … son of Karl Egon I 1790–1799 Karl Gabriel … son of Philipp Nerius 1799–1806 Karl Egon II … son of Karl Aloys, son of Karl Egon I; prince 1804; mediatized, died 1854

(to Bade, Württemberg, and Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen 1806) GUELDERS (GELDERN)

The rich county of Guelders belonged to Lower Lorraine and emerged in the late 11th century. It expanded by successful marriage alliances, for example inheriting the county of Zütphen in the 12th century, and, albeit temporarily, the duchy of Limburg in the 13th. In 1339 count Rainald II was promoted to duke. When the comital line became extinct in 1371, there followed a War for the Guelders Succession, which ended with the duchy passing to the duke of Jülich, who was confirmed in possession in 1383. Guelders passed by inheritance to the House of Egmond in 1423, but was promised to the duke of Burgundy in 1472, who inherited it in 1473. The House of Egmond managed to recover its possession by force, and on its extinction Guelders passed once again to the duke of Jülich. In 1543, however, he was forced to cede the duchy to the emperor Karl V, and it became part of the Spanish Netherlands. In 1581 Lower Guelders joined the independent Netherlands in revolt against Spanish rule, but Upper Guelders (together with the capital) remained subject to Habsburg rule. The Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 subdivided Upper Guelders among Prussia, Austria, and the Netherlands. Part of Upper Guelders passed to France in 1795 and the remainder in 1801. The Congress of Vienna divided Upper Guelders between Prussia and the Netherlands.

Counts and Dukes of Guelders

House of Wassenberg 1085–1118: Gerhard I, Flaminius … son of (?) count Dietrich of Wassenberg; count of Guelders by 1096 :1129–1131 Gerhard II, the Tall … son of Gerhard I 1131–1182 Heinrich … son of Gerhard II 1182–1207 Otto I … son of Heinrich 1207–1229 Gerhard III … son of Otto I 1229–1271 Otto II, the Lame … son of Gerhard III 1271–1326 Rainald I, the Wrangler … son of Otto II 1326–1343 Rainald II, the Red … son of Rainald I; duke 1339 1343–1361 Rainald III, the Fat … son of Rainald II; deposed 1361–1371 Eduard … son of Rainald II

1371 Rainald III, the Fat … restored Châtillon House of Blois

1372–1377 Johann … married Mechthild, daughter of Rainald II; son of count Louis II of Blois; expelled, abandoned claims 1379, died 1381

Hengebach House of Jülich 1377–1402 Wilhelm I … son of duke Wilhelm II of Jülich by Maria, daughter of Rainald II; rival

since 1372

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1402–1423 Rainald IV … brother of Wilhelm I House of Egmond

1423–1465 Arnold … son of Jan II of Egmond and Maria, daughter of Jan V of Arkel and Johanna, sister of Rainald IV; deposed

1465–1471 Adolf … son of Arnold; deposed 1471–1473 Arnold … restored

Valois House of Burgundy 1473–1477 Karl I, the Rash … son of duke Philippe III of Burgundy

House of Egmond 1477 Adolf … restored

1477–1481 Karl II … son of Adolf; deposed Valois House of Burgundy

1481–1482 Maria … daughter of Karl I Habsburg House of Austria

1482–1492 Philipp, the Handsome … son of Maria by emperor Maximilian I; expelled; Castile 1504–1506 House of Egmond

1492–1538 Karl II … restored Berg House of Mark-Altena

1538–1543 Wilhelm II, the Rich … son of duke Johann III of Cleves; deposed, died 1592 Habsburg House of Austria

1543–1549 Karl III … son of Philipp; abdicated; Castile 1506–1556; Aragón and Sicily 1516–1556; Naples 1516–1554; Empire 1519–1558

(to the Spanish Netherlands 1549; divided with the independent Netherlands 1581; etc.) HABSBURG (see Klettgau, Kirburg, and Sundgau) HAINAULT (HAINAUT, HENNEGAU)

The French-speaking region of Hainault was originally part of Lower Lorraine. The first count of Hainault, Régnier I, was descended from the Carolingians and emerged as one of the first non-royal rulers of Lorraine in the early 10th century. His descendants had to fight continuously to secure possession of the county of Hainault against their competitors, eventually emerging victorious as counts of Mons and Valenciennes in 998. In 1051 the county passed into the hands of the House of Flanders, which retained control until 1280. Both early possibilities for permanent union with Flanders failed due to a division of the succession between rival heirs (in 1071 and 1280). From 1299 the counts of Hainault were also counts of Holland. This rich inheritance passed through marriage to the House of Wittelsbach, and then through cession to the House of Burgundy. Hainault later became part of the Spanish Netherlands and, although some southern portions of the county were annexed by France in 1659 and 1679, it passed to the Austrian Netherlands in 1713. Occupied by France in 1794, the remainder of Hainault passed to the Netherlands in 1815, and then to Belgium in 1830.

Counts of Hainault

House of Maasgau 880–898 Régnier I, Longneck … son of count Giselbert of Maasgau by Irmgard, daughter of

emperor Lothar I; deposed, died 915 House of Lüttichgau

898–920 Sigard House of Ghent

920–924 Enguerrand … kinsman of count Enguerrand I of Ghent

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House of Maasgau 924–932: Régnier II … son of Régnier I :940–958 Régnier III … son of Régnier II; deposed, died 973

House of Metz 959–964 Godefroy I … son of count palatine Gottfried of Lorraine, son of count Gerhard of

Metzgau 964–973 Richer … uncle of (?) Godefroy I; son of (?) count Gerhard of Metzgau

House of Zülpich 973 Renaud … brother of count Werner of Zülpich

House of Maasgau 973–974 Régnier IV … son of Régnier III; deposed

House of Verdun 974–998 Godefroy II, the Captive … son of Richer’s sister (?) Uda by count Gozelo of Bidgau, son

of count palatine Wigerich of Lorraine House of Maasgau

998–1013 Régnier IV … restored 1013–1039 Régnier V … son of Régnier IV 1039–1051 Herman … son of Régnier V

House of Flanders 1051–1070 Baudouin I, the Good … married Richilde, widow of Herman; son of count Boudewijn V

of Flanders 1070–1098 Baudouin II … son of Baudouin I 1098–1120 Baudouin III … son of Baudouin II 1120–1171 Baudouin IV, the Builder … son of Baudouin III 1171–1195 Baudouin V, the Brave … son of Baudouin IV 1195–1205 Baudouin VI, of Constantinople … son of Baudouin V; Latin emperor 1204–120523 1205–1244 Jeanne … daughter of Baudouin VI

& 1212–1233 Ferrand of Portugal … married Jeanne; son of king Sancho I of Portugal & 1237–1244 Thomas of Savoy … married Jeanne; son of count Tommaso I of Savoy; died 1259

1244–1280 Marguerite I, the Black … daughter of Baudouin VI House of Avesnes

+ Jean I … son of Marguerite I by Bouchard of Avesnes; associated 1250–1257 1280–1304 Jean II … son of Jean I; associated 1257 1304–1337 Guillaume I, the Good … son of Jean II 1337–1345 Guillaume II, the Bold … son of Guillaume I 1345–1356 Marguerite II … daughter of Guillaume I

Wittelsbach House of Bavaria 1356–1389 Guillaume III, the Fool … son of Marguerite II by emperor Ludwig IV 1389–1404 Albert … brother of Guillaume III; regent since 1358 1404–1417 Guillaume IV … son of Albert 1417–1433 Jacqueline … daughter of Guillaume IV; abdicated, died 1436

& 1418–1422 Jean III of Brabant … married Jacqueline; son of duke Anton of Brabant; divorced, died 1427 & 1422–1428 Humfroy of Gloucester … married Jacqueline; son of king Henry IV of England; divorced,

died 1447 Valois House of Burgundy

1433–1467 Philippe I, the Good … son of duke Jean II of Burgundy, brother of duke Anton of Brabant 1467–1477 Charles I, the Rash … son of Philippe I

23 In Bulgarian captivity from 1205 to his death (in 1206?).

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1477–1482 Marie … daughter of Charles I Habsburg House of Austria

1482–1506 Philippe II, the Handsome … son of Marie by emperor Maximilian I; Castile 1504–1506 1506–1549 Charles II … son of Philippe II; abdicated; Castile 1506–1556; Aragón and Sicily 1516–1556;

Naples 1516–1554; Empire 1519–1558 (to the Spanish Netherlands 1549; to France 1794; to the Netherlands 1815; to Belgium 1830) HANAU

The lords of Hanau expanded their territories, acquiring a portion of Münzenberg in Wetterau and first one, then another half of the Alsatian lordship of Lichtenberg by marriage. Reinhard II was promoted to imperial count in 1429, and the family benefited from having adopted the rule of primogeniture unusually early. Nevertheless, the family possessions were divided between Reinhard II’s grandson and surviving son into the two long-lasting branches of Hanau-Münzenberg (including Hanau itself) and Hanau-Lichtenberg (originally known as Babenhausen) in 1458.24 On the extinction of the male line of Hanau-Münzenberg in 1642, that county passed to Hanau-Lichtenberg. The male line of Hanau-Lichtenberg also became extinct in 1736, and this county passed to Hesse Darmstadt, through the marriage of Johann Reinhard III’s daughter Charlotte to landgrave Ludwig VIII of Hesse-Darmstadt. Hanau and Münzenberg, however, passed to landgrave Wilhelm VIII of Hesse-Cassel, who was the son of Karl, son of Wihelm VI, son of Wilhelm V by Amalia Elisabeth, the daughter of Philipp Ludwig II of Hanau-Münzenberg. Lichtenberg was lost to France in 1789, recovered in 1871, and lost again in 1918. Hanau was promoted to principality in 1803, and after passing to the kingdom of Westphalia in 1807 and the grand duchy of Frankfurt in 1810, returned to Hesse-Cassel in 1815.

Lords and Counts of Hanau

House of Hanau c.1243–1281 Reinhard I … son of (?) Reinhard II of Dorfelden; seneschal of the archbishop of Mainz 1282–1305: Ulrich I … son of Reinhard I :1306–1346 Ulrich II … son of Ulrich I 1346–1369: Ulrich III … son of Ulrich II :1370–1380 Ulrich IV … son of Ulrich III 1380–1404 Ulrich V … son of Ulrich IV; abdicated, died c.1419

& 1380–1451 Reinhard II … son of Ulrich IV; count 1429 & 1380–1411 Johann … son of Ulrich IV

1451–1452 Reinhard III … son of Reinhard II 1452–1458 Philipp, the Younger … son of Reinhard III; to Münzenberg 1458–1500

(division into Münzenberg and Babenhausen/Lichtenberg 1458) Counts of Hanau-Münzenberg

1458–1500 Philipp I, the Younger … son of count Reinhard III of Hanau; Hanau 1452–1458 1500–1512 Reinhard IV … son of Philipp I 1512–1529 Philipp II … son of Reinhard IV 1529–1561 Philipp III … son of Philipp II 1561–1580 Philipp Ludwig I … son of Philipp III 1580–1612 Philipp Ludwig II … son of Philipp Ludwig I 1612–1638 Philipp Moritz … son of Philipp Ludwig II 1638–1641 Philipp Ludwig III … son of Philipp Moritz 1641–1642 Johann Ernst … son of Albrecht of Schwarzenfels, son of Philipp Ludwig I

24 Each of the six counts reigning in Münzenberg from 1512 to 1641 started his reign underage.

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1642–1685 Friedrich Kasimir … son of count Philipp Wolfgang of Hanau-Lichtenberg 1685–1712 Philipp Reinhard … son of count Johann Reinhard II of Hanau-Lichtenberg, brother of

Friedrich Kasimir; prince 1696 1712–1736 Johann Reinhard III … brother of Philipp Reinhard

(to Hesse-Cassel 1736; Hanau to Westphalia 1807; to Frankfurt 1810; to Hesse-Cassel 1815) Counts of Hanau-Babenhausen, then Hanau-Lichtenberg

1458–1480 Philipp I, the Elder … son of count Reinhard II of Hanau 1480–1504 Philipp II … son of Philipp I; inherited ½ of Lichtenberg 1481 1504–1538 Philipp III … son of Philipp II 1538–1590 Philipp IV … son of Philipp III 1590–1599 Philipp V … son of Philipp IV 1599–1625 Johann Reinhard I … son of Philipp V; all Lichtenberg 1570 1625–1641 Philipp Wolfgang … son of Johann Reinhard I 1641–1680 Friedrich Kasimir … son of Philipp Wolfgang; abdicated; to Münzenberg 1642–1685

+ Johann Philipp … son of Philipp Wolfgang; associated 1641–1669 + Johann Reinhard II … son of Philipp Wolfgang; associated 1641–1666

1680–1685 Philipp Reinhard … son of Johann Reinhard II; to Münzenberg 1685–1712; prince 1696 1685–1736 Johann Reinhard III … son of Johann Reinhard II; Münzenberg 1712

(to Hesse-Darmstadt 1736; to France 1789; to Germany 1871; to France 1918) HANOVER (HANNOVER)

The electorate of Hanover began as the duchy of Calenberg, part of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Lower Saxony. In 1692 duke Ernst August was recognized as an elector of the Holy Roman Empire. His son Georg I inherited Lüneburg (Celle) from an uncle in 1705, and became king of Great Britain (George I) in 1714. In Germany the dynasty also obtained Saxe-Lauenburg by inheritance (1702), the duchies of Bremen and Verden by cession from Sweden (1719), and the bishopric of Osnabrück by its secularization (1803). However, in 1803–1813, Hanover was occupied by the French and the Prussians. In 1813 the dynasty was restored, and in 1815 Georg III (George III of England) was declared king of Hanover. The territory of the kingdom was solidified by the cession of Saxe-Lauenberg to Prussia, and the acquisition of East Frisia and Hildesheim in exchange. The personal union with Great Britain ended in 1837 when, due to the Salic Law of succession, Hanover passed to the eldest surviving son of Georg III, Ernst August, instead of his niece Victoria. In 1866, having taken the side of Austria against the victorious Prussians, Hanover was annexed by Prusssia. In 1913 the grandson of the last king of Hanover was finally allowed to succeed the extinct branch of the dynasty as duke of Brunswick.

Electors and Kings of Hanover

Welf House of Brunswick-Lüneburg 1692–1698 Ernst August … son of duke Georg of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Calenberg; Calenberg 1679–1692 1698–1727 Georg I … son of Ernst August; Great Britain 1714–1727 1727–1760 Georg II … son of Georg I; also Great Britain 1760–1803 Georg III … son of Friedrich Ludwig, son of Georg II; Great Britain 1760–1820 1803–1813 (to France 1803, to Prussia 1805, to France 1806, to France and Westphalia 1807) 1813–1820 Georg III … restored; king 1815 1820–1830 Georg IV … son of Georg III; also Great Britain 1830–1837 Wilhelm … son of Georg III; also Great Britain 1837–1851 Ernst August … son of Georg III

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1851–1866 Georg V … son of Ernst August; deposed, died 1878 (to Prussia 1866) HATZFELD

Melchior I of Hatzfeld received the Franconian county of Gleichen in 1639 and the Lower Silesian county of Trachenberg in 1641, when he was promoted to imperial count. In 1748 one of his descendants was promoted to prince, but on the extinction of the direct male line of heirs in 1794, Gleichen reverted to Mainz. In 1806 the remainder of the principality was mediatized, passing to Prussia.

Counts and Princes of Hatzfeld in Gleichen

House of Hatzfeld 1639–1658 Melchior I … son of Sebastian I of Hatzfeld-Crottendorf; Trachenberg 1641; count 1641 1658–1677 Hermann … brother of Melchior I 1677–1683 Heinrich … son of Hermann 1683–1738 Franz … son of Heinrich 1738–1779 Franz Philipp Adrian … son of Franz; prince 1748 1779–1794 Friedrich Karl … son of Franz Philipp Adrian 1794–1806 Franz Ludwig … son of Karl Ferdinand of Hatzfeld-Werther; mediatized, died 1827

(Gleichen to Mainz 1794; to Prussia 1806; to France 1807; to Prussia 1814; to Saxe-Weimar 1815; Trachenberg to Prussia 1806; to Germany 1918; to Poland 1945)

HEINSBERG

The small lordship of Heinsberg came to include two separate territories, one around the castle of Heinsberg north of Aachen, and the other around Blankenberg east of Bonn. Once the lordship passed to a branch of the comital house of Cleves, the lords assumed the title of count. The counts also usually controlled the lordship of Valkenburg just south of Heinsberg until 1228, when it passed to a separate branch of the family (then to Brabant in 1370). In 1363 Gottfried III had to sell Blankenberg to Cleves. It was united with Jülich 1475.

Lords and Counts of Heinsberg

House of Wassenberg :1082–1104: Goswin I … son of (?) Dietrich of Wassenberg; lord of Heinsberg and Valkenburg 1104:–1118: Goswin II … son of Goswin I

& 1104:–1128 Gerhard … son of Goswin I Goswin III … son of Gerhard; to Valkenburg 1128–1167: (line extinct c.1217)

& 1128–1190 Gottfried I … son of Goswin II 1190–1207: Adelheid … daughter of Gottfried I

& 1190–:1200 Arnold … husband of Adelheid; son of count Dietrich II of Cleves Antoing House of Cleves

:1217–1228 Dietrich I … son of Arnold and Adelheid; inherited Valkenburg c.1217 1228–1259 Agnes … daughter of Dietrich I; abdicated, died 1267:

& :1233–1259 Heinrich of Sponheim … married Agnes; son of count Gottfried III of Sponheim House of Sponheim

1267–1303 Dietrich II … son of Heinrich and Agnes 1303–1331 Gottfried II … son of Dietrich II 1331–1361 Dietrich III … son of Gottfried II

+ Johann I … son of Gottfried II; associated in Dalenbroich 1331–1334

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1334–1395 Gottfried III … son of Johann I 1395–1438 Johann II … son of Gottfried III 1438–1441: Johann III … son of Johann II :1443–1448 Johann IV … son of Johann III 1448–1469 Johanna … daughter of Johann IV

& 1456–1469 Johann V of Nassau … married Johanna; son of count Philipp I of Nassau-Weilburg; died 1472 House of Nassau

1469–1479 Elisabeth … daughter of Johann V and Johanna & 1472–1511 Wilhelm of Jülich … married Elisabeth; son of duke Gerhard of Jülich; Jülich 1475–1511

(union with Jülich 1475; divided between Brandenburg and the Palatinate-Neuburg 1609; to the Palatinate-Neuburg 1614, united with the Palatinate 1685, and with Bavaria 1777; to France 1794; to Prussia 1815)

HELFENSTEIN

In c.1171 count Ludwig IV of Spitzenberg inherited Helfenstein by marriage to its heiress. The counts benefited from their support of the Hohenstaufen and Luxembourg emperors, and served their greater neighbors in the Palatinate, Bavaria, and Württemberg. The division of the county between the lines of Wiesensteig and Blaubeuren led to financial difficulties, and as early as 1382 Helfenstein itself was mortgaged to the city of Ulm, which purchased the castle in 1396. Blaubeuren and Heidenheim, the centers of the other comital line, were sold to Württemberg in 1447–1448, which proceeded to acquire the remaining holdings of the Wiesensteig branch in 1450–1457. These lands later passed to Bavaria, but returned to Württemberg in 1504. Shorn of their most important possessions, the counts of Helfenstein declined in importance. On the male line’s extinction in 1627, the Gundelfingen branch was inherited by Fürstenberg, while Wiesensteig was divided between three heiresses.

Counts of Helfenstein

House of Spitzenberg c.1171–1193: Ludwig I … son of count Rudolf of Spitzenberg :1207–1241: Ulrich I … son of Ludwig I

& :1207–c.1212 Rudolf I … son of Ludwig I & :1207–1228: Eberhard I … son of Ludwig I; in Spitzenberg

1228:–c.1280 Ludwig II … son of Eberhard I; in Spitzenberg :1259–1294: Ulrich II … son of Ulrich I c.1280–1295 Eberhard II … son of Ludwig II; in Spitzenberg :1303–1315 Ulrich III … son of Ulrich II 1315–1340 Johann I … son of Ulrich III

& 1315–1326 Ulrich IV … son of Ulrich III 1340–1356 Ulrich V, the Elder … son of Johann I

(division into Wiesensteig and Blaubeuren 1356) Counts of Helfenstein in Wiesensteig

1356–1372 Ulrich V, the Elder … son of count Johann I of Helfenstein; Helfenstein 1340–1356 1372–1402 Konrad I … son of Ulrich V

& 1372–1448 Friedrich I … son of Ulrich V 1448–1462 Ulrich IX … son of Friedrich I

& 1448–1493 Ludwig III … son of Friedrich I & 1448–1483 Friedrich II … son of Friedrich I

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1483–1493 Ludwig IV … son of Friedrich II & 1483–1502 Friedrich III … son of Friedrich II

1493–1548 Ulrich X … son of Ludwig IV & 1493–1525 Ludwig V, Helferich … son of Ludwig IV

1548–1564 Sebastian … son of Ulrich X & 1548–1570 Ulrich XI … son of Ulrich X

1564–1601 Rudolf II … son of Sebastian 1601–1627 Rudolf III … son of Rudolf II 1627–1665 Maria Johanna … daughter of Rudolf III 25

& 1627–1678 Isabella Eleonore … daughter of Rudolf III 26 & 1627–1641 Franziska Caroline … daughter of Rudolf III 27

(divided between heirs 1627) Counts of Helfenstein in Gundelfingen

1546–1573 Georg II … son of count Ulrich X of Helfenstein-Wiesensteig 1573–1599 Schweickart … son of Georg II

& 1573–1607 Georg III … son of Georg II & 1573–1622 Froben Christoph … son of Georg II

1622–1627 Georg Wilhelm … son of Froben Christoph (to Fürstenberg 1627 28) Counts of Helfenstein in Blaubeuren, then Wellenheim

1356–1361 Ulrich VI, the Younger … son of count Ulrich IV of Helfenstein; in Heidenheim since 1351 1361–1375 Ulrich VII … son of Ulrich V 1375–1444 Johann II … son of Ulrich VII 1444–1474 Konrad II … son of Johann II; in Blauberen until 1447

& 1444–1472 Ulrich VIII … son of Johann III; in Heidenheim until 1448 1474–1517 Georg I … son of Konrad II

(Wellenheim to Helfenstein-Wiesensteig 1517) HENNEBERG

The north Franconian counts of Henneberg laid claim to Thuringia in the War of Thuringian Succession, and Hermann I secured possession of Schmalkalden in 1247. The next year he acquired Coburg on the extinction of the dukes of Merania. The family divided into three branches in 1274, and count Berthold VII of Schleusingen was promoted to prince in 1310. His sons divided their lands into the lines of Coburg and Schleusingen. The first of these ended in 1347, with its lands dispersed among several heiresses, two of whom brought Coburg and Hildburghausen to the Wettin margraves of Meissen and landgraves of Thuringia. The Schleusingen branch survived until 1583, when it was inherited by the Wettin dukes in Thuringia and electors of Saxony, of whom the former received held 7/12 of the inheritance, and the latter 5/12. The numbering of counts varies widely between different sources and often includes many non-reigning members of the family.

25 Married (1627) landgrave Maximilian Adam of Leuchtenberg, then (1648) duke Christian I of the Palatinate-Bischweiler. 26 Married (1629) count Martin Franz of Öttingen-Baldern. 27 Married (1636) count Wratislaw II of Fürstenberg, the widower of her cousin Johanna Eleonore. 28 Friedrich Christoph’s daughter Johanna Elonore had married count Wratislaw II of Fürstenberg, who thus inherited Gundelfingen, Meßkirch, and Wildenstein.

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Counts of Henneberg House of Henneberg

:1037–1078 Poppo I … son of Poppo + Godebold I … brother of Poppo I; burgrave of Würzburg 1091

1078–1118 Poppo II … son of Poppo I 1118–1141: Godebold II … son of Poppo I :1144–1156 Poppo IV … son of Godebold II

1156–c.1159 Berthold I … son of Godebold II c.1159–c.1190 Poppo VI … son of Berthold I c.1190–c.1212 Berthold II … son of Poppo VI

& c.1190–1245 Poppo VII, the Wise … son of Poppo VI & c.1190–1244 Otto I … son of Poppo VI; in Botenlauben

+ Otto II … son of Otto I; associated in Botenlauben :1228–1231; abdicated, died 1249 1245–1262 Heinrich I … son of Poppo VII; Schleusingen

& 1245–1290 Hermann I … son of Poppo VII; Schmalkalden 1247; Coburg 1248 1262–1274 Berthold III … son of Heinrich I; to Schleusingen 1274–1284

& 1262–1274 Hermann II … son of Heinrich I; to Aschach 1274–1292 & 1262–1274 Heinrich II … son of Heinrich I; to Hartenberg 1274–1317

(division into Aschach, Schelusingen, and Hartenberg 1274) Counts of Henneberg in Schleusingen

1274–1284 Berthold III … son of count Heinrich I of Henneberg; Henneberg 1262–1274 1284–1340 Berthold IV … son of Berthold III; Schleusingen; princely count 1310; Schmalkalden and

Coburg 1312 1290–1291 Poppo VIII … son of Hermann I; Schmalkalden and Coburg (to Brandenburg 1291–1312) 29 1340–1347 Heinrich IV, the Younger … son of Berthold IV; Schmalkalden and Coburg

& 1340–1359 Johann I … son of Berthold IV; Schleusingen 1359–1405 Heinrich V … son of Johann I

& 1359–1375 Berthold VI … son of Johann I; abdicated, died 1416 & 1359–c.1360 Johann II … son of Johann I

1405–1426 Wilhelm I … son of Heinrich V 1426–1444 Wilhelm II … son of Wilhelm I

& 1426–1436 Heinrich VI, the Restless … son of Wilhelm I; abdicated, died 1475 1444–1480 Wilhelm III … son of Wilhelm II 1480–1484 Wolfgang … son of Wilhelm III

& 1480–1559 Wilhelm IV … son of Wilhelm III & 1480–1488 Ernst … posthumous son of Wilhelm III

1559–1583 Georg Ernst … son of Wilhelm IV; associated 1543 (divided between the Wettins of Saxony and Thuringia 1583; to Prussia 1815) Counts of Henneberg in Aschlach

1274–1292 Hermann II … son of count Heinrich I of Henneberg; Henneberg 1262–1274 1292–1306 Hermann III … son of Hermann II

& 1292–1355: Heinrich III … son of Hermann II

29 On Poppo VIII’s death in 1291, Coburg and Schmalkalden passed to margrave Otto V of Brandenburg-Salzwedel, husband of Poppo’s sister Jutta. Otto V’s grandson Johann V sold Coburg and Schmalkalden to Berthold IV of Henneberg in 1312.

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:1356–1390 Hermann IV … son of Heinrich III; sold county; to Hartenberg 1371–1403 (to Dietrich von Bibra 1390; to the bishop of Würzburg 1401) Counts of Henneberg in Hartenberg

1274–1317 Heinrich II … son of count Heinrich I of Henneberg; Henneberg 1262–1274 1317–1348 Poppo IX … son of Heinrich II 1348–1371 Berthold V … son of Poppo IX; sold county, died 1378 1371–1403 Hermann IV … son of count Heinrich III of Henneberg-Aschlach; Aschlach :1356–1390 1403–1422 Friedrich I … son of Hermann IV 1422–1465 Georg … son of Friedrich I 1465–1488 Friedrich II … son of Georg

& 1465–1502 Otto III … son of Georg 1488–1535 Hermann V … son of Friedrich II 1535–1548 Berthold VII … son of Hermann V; in Römhild; sold county, died 1549

& 1535–1549 Albrecht … son of Hermann V; in Schwarza (Römhild to Mansfeld 1548; to Saxony 1555) HESSE (HESSEN)

On the extinction of the House of Thuringia in 1247, its inheritance was contested between the Houses of Brabant and Meissen. While the Wettin House of Meissen took over Thuringia proper, by 1263 a branch of the House of Brabant secured possession of Hesse (Hessen) in northern Franconia and also took the title of landgrave. The landgraviate was divided among the four sons of Philipp I in 1567, which eventually led to the establishment of the two main lines of Hesse-Cassel (Kassel) and Hesse-Darmstadt. The landgrave of Hesse-Cassel obtained the title of elector in 1803 and strangely kept it in use even after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806. Electoral Hesse was annexed by Prussia in 1866. The landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt took the title of grand duke in 1806 and the grand duchy survived to enter the German Empire in 1871. It was abolished only in the aftermath of World War II alongside the other surviving German monarchies.

Landgraves of Hesse

Hainault House of Brabant 1263–1308 Heinrich I, the Child … son of duke Hendrik II of Brabant by Sophie of Thuringia 1308–1328 Otto … son of Heinrich I; in Upper Hesse (Marburg)

& 1308–1311 Johann … son of Heinrich I; in Lower Hesse (Cassel) 1328–1376 Heinrich II, the Iron … son of Otto

+ Ludwig … son of Otto; associated in Grebenstein 1328–1345 + Hermann … son of Otto; associated in Nordeck 1328–1368/1370 + Otto, the Marksman … son of Heinrich II; associated 1340–1366

1376–1413 Hermann, the Learned … son of Ludwig; associated 1367 1413–1458 Ludwig I, the Peaceable … son of Hermann

(division into Cassel and Marburg 1458) Landgraves in Lower Hesse (Cassel), all Hesse 1500

1458–1471 Ludwig II, the Candid … son of Ludwig I of Hesse 1471–1493 Wilhelm I, the Elder … son of Ludwig II; abdicated, died 1515

& 1471–1509 Wilhelm II, the Middle … son of Ludwig II; all Hesse 1500 1509–1567 Philipp I, the Magnanimous … son of Wilhelm II

(division into Cassel, Marburg, Rheinfels, and Darmstadt 1567)

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Landgraves in Upper Hesse (Marburg)

1458–1483 Heinrich III, the Rich … son of Ludwig I of Hesse + Ludwig III … son of Heinrich III; associated 1474–1478

1483–1500 Wilhelm III, the Younger … son of Heinrich III (to Lower Hesse 1500) Landgraves of Hesse in Cassel (Kassel) and Rheinfels

1567–1592 Wilhelm IV, the Wise … son of Philipp I of Hesse; in Cassel & 1567–1583 Philipp II … brother of Wilhelm IV; in Rheinfels

1592–1627 Moritz, the Learned … son of Wilhelm IV; abdicated, died 1632 1627–1637 Wilhelm V, the Steadfast … son of Moritz; associated 1623 1637–1663 Wilhelm VI, the Righteous … son of Wilhelm V 1663–1670 Wilhelm VII … son of Wilhelm VI 1670–1730 Karl … son of Wilhelm VI 1730–1751 Friedrich I … son of Karl; Sweden 1720–1751 1751–1760 Wilhelm VIII … son of Karl; regent since 1730 1760–1785 Friedrich II … son of Wilhelm VIII 1785–1803 Wilhelm IX … son of Friedrich II; elector of Hesse 1803–1821

Electors of Hesse

1803–1807 Wilhelm I … former landgrave of Hesse-Cassel 1785–1803; deposed 1807–1813 (to Westphalia) 1813–1821 Wilhelm I … restored 1821–1831 Wilhelm II … son of Wilhelm I; abdicated, died 1847 1831–1866 Friedrich Wilhelm I … son of Wilhelm II; deposed, died 1875

(to Prussia 1866) Landgraves of Hesse in Darmstadt and Marburg

1567–1597 Georg I, the Pious … son of Philipp I of Hesse; in Darmstadt & 1567–1604 Ludwig IV, Testator … brother of Georg I; in Marburg

1597–1626 Ludwig V, the Faithful … son of Georg I + Philipp, the Learned … son of Georg I; associated in Butzbach 1609–1643

1626–1661 Georg II, the Learned … son of Ludwig V + Johann … son of Ludwig V; associated in Braubach 1643–1651

1661–1678 Ludwig VI … son of Georg II + Georg … son of Georg II; associated in Itter 1661–1676

1678 Ludwig VII … son of Ludwig VI 1678–1739 Ernst Ludwig … son of Ludwig VI 1739–1768 Ludwig VIII … son of Ernst Ludwig 1768–1790 Ludwig IX … son of Ludwig VIII 1790–1806 Ludwig X … son of Ludwig IX; grand duke of Hesse 1806–1830

Grand Dukes of Hesse

1806–1830 Ludwig I … former landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt 1790–1806 1830–1848 Ludwig II … son of Ludwig I 1848–1877 Ludwig III … son of Ludwig II

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1877–1892 Ludwig IV … son of Karl, son of Ludwig II 1892–1918 Ernst Ludwig … son of Ludwig IV; deposed, died 1937

(to Germany 1918) Landgraves of Hesse in Homburg

1622–1638 Friedrich I … son of Georg I of Hesse-Darmstadt 1638–1681 Wilhelm Christoph … son of Friedrich I

& 1638–1677 Georg Christian … son of Friedrich I & 1638–1708 Friedrich II, Silverleg … son of Friedrich I

1708–1746 Friedrich III … son of Friedrich II 1746–1751 Friedrich IV … son of Kasimir Wilhelm, son of Friedrich II 1751–1806 Friedrich V … son of Friedrich IV; deposed 1806–1816 (to Hesse-Darmstadt) 1816–1820 Friedrich V … restored 1820–1829 Friedrich VI … son of Friedrich V 1829–1839 Ludwig … son of Friedrich V 1839–1846 Philipp … son of Friedrich V 1846–1848 Gustav … son of Friedrich V 1848–1866 Ferdinand … son of Friedrich V

(to Prussia 1866) HOHENLOHE

The Swabian counts of Hohenlohe divided their possessions among several family lines, brifely reunited in the mid-16th century by the counts of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein. In 1551 the family lands were divided between two main branches, those of Neuenstein and Waldenburg, each of which subdivided further over the course of the following centuries. The counts of Schillingsfürst and Bartenstein, offshoots of the Waldenburg branch, were promoted to princes in 1744. Those of Öhringen, Langenburg, Ingelfingen, and Kirchberg followed suit in 1764. In 1806 the entire family was mediatized in favor of Bavaria and Württemberg. The list includes only those family lines that attained princely rank.

Counts of Hohenlohe in Neuenstein

House of Hohenlohe 1551–1568 Ludwig Kasimir … son of count Georg III of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein 1568–1575 Albrecht … son of Ludwig Kasimir

& 1568–1610 Wolfgang II … son of Ludwig Kasimir; Weikersheim 1586; Langenburg 1590; Neuenstein and Kirchberg 1596

& 1568–1696 Philipp … son of Ludwig Kasimir; Neuenstein 1586; Kirchberg 1590 & 1568–1590 Friedrich … son of Ludwig Kasimir; Langenburg and Kirchberg 1586

1610–1645 Georg Friedrich … son of Wolfgang II; in Weikersheim & 1610–1641 Kraft VII … son of Wolfgang II; in Neuenstein

1641–1677 Siegfried … son of Kraft VII; to Weikersheim 1677–1684 & 1641–1698 Wolfgang Julius … son of Kraft VII; Neuenstein 1677 & 1641–1677 Johann Friedrich I … son of Kraft VII; to Öhringen 1677–1702 & 1641–1677 Johann Ludwig … son of Kraft VII; to Künzelsau 1677–1689

(to Öhringen 1698)

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Counts and Princes of Hohenlohe in Öhringen 1677–1702 Johann Friedrich I … son of count Kraft VII of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein; Neuenstein 1641–1677 1702–1765 Johann Friedrich II … son of Johann Friedrich I; Öhringen 1708; prince 1764

& 1702–1756 Karl Ludwig … son of Johann Friedrich I; Weikersheim 1708 1765–1805 Ludwig Friedrich Karl … son of Johann Friedrich II

(to Ingelfingen 1805) Counts and Princes of Hohenlohe in Langenburg

1610–1628 Philipp Ernst … son of count Wolfgang II of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein 1628–1676 Joachim Albrecht … son of Philipp Ernst; in Kirchberg

& 1628–1699 Heinrich Friedrich … son of Philipp Ernst; in Langenburg; inherited Gleichen 1631 1699–1715 Albrecht Wolfgang … son of Heinrich Friedrich 1715–1765 Ludwig … son of Albrecht Wolfgang; prince 1764 1765–1789 Christian Albrecht … son of Ludwig 1789–1806 Karl Ludwig … son of Christian Albrecht; mediatized, died 1825

(to Württemberg 1806) Counts and Princes of Hohenlohe in Ingelfingen

1699–1743 Christian Kraft … son of count Heinrich Friedrich of Hohenlohe-Langenburg 1743–1781 Philipp Heinrich … son of Christian Kraft of Ingelfingen; prince 1764 1781–1796 Heinrich August … brother of Philipp Heinrich 1796–1806 Friedrich Ludwig … son of Heinrich August; inherited Öhringen 1805; abdicated, died 1818

1806 August … son of Friedrich Ludwig; mediatized, died 1853 (to Württemberg 1806) Counts and Princes of Hohenlohe in Kirchberg

1699–1737 Friedrich Eberhard … son of count Heinrich Friedrich of Hohenlohe-Langenburg 1737–1767 Karl August … son of Friedrich Eberhard of Kirchberg; prince 1764 1767–1806 Christian Friedrich Karl … son of Karl August; mediatized, died 1819

(to Bavaria 1806) Counts of Hohenlohe in Waldenburg

1551–1570 Eberhard … son of count Georg III of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein 1570–1600 Georg Friedrich I … son of Eberhard 1600–1615 Ludwig Eberhard … son of Georg Friedrich I; to Pfedelbach 1615–1650

& 1600–1644 Philipp Heinrich … son of Georg Friedrich I & 1600–1615 Georg Friedrich II … son of Georg Friedrich I; to Schillingsfürst 1615–1635

1644–1658 Wolfgang Friedrich … son of Philipp Heinrich & 1644–1679 Philipp Gottfried … son of Philipp Heinrich

(to Schillingsfürst 1679) Counts of Hohenlohe in Pfedelbach

1615–1650 Ludwig Eberhard … son of count Georg Friedrich I of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg; Waldenburg 1600–1615

1650–1681 Friedrich Kraft … son of Ludwig Eberhard 1681–1685 Hiskias … son of Ludwig Eberhard

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1685–1728 Ludwig Gottfried … son of Hiskias (to Bartenstein 1728) Counts of Hohenlohe in Schillingsfürst

1615–1635 Georg Friedrich II … son of count Georg Friedrich I of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg; Waldenburg 1600–1615

1635–1675 Christian … son of Georg Friedrich II & 1635–1697 Ludwig Gustav … son of Georg Friedrich II

1675–1688 Philipp Karl … son of Christian; to Bartenstein 1688–1729 1697–1759 Philipp Ernst … son of Ludwig Gustav; prince 1744 1759–1793 Karl Albrecht I … son of Philipp Ernst 1793–1796 Karl Albrecht II … son of Karl Albrecht I 1796–1806 Karl Albrecht III … son of Karl Albrecht II; mediatized, died 1843

(to Bavaria 1806) Counts and Princes of Hohenlohe in Bartenstein

1688–1729 Philipp Karl … son of count Christian of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst; Schillingsfürst 1675–1688; inherited Pfedelbach 1728

1729–1763 Karl Philipp … son of Philipp Karl; prince 1744 1763–1798 Ludwig Leopold … son of Karl Philipp; abdicated, died 1799 1798–1806 Ludwig Alois … son of Ludwig Leopold; in Bartenstein; abdicated, died 1829

& 1798–1806 Karl Joseph … son of Ludwig Leopold; in Jagstberg; mediatized, died 1838 1806 Karl August … son of Ludwig Leopold; in Bartenstein; mediatized, died 1844

(to Württemberg 1806) HOHENZOLLERN

The county of Hohenzollern was located in Swabia. The counts became imperial princes in 1623. The dynasty acquired additional importance as one of its branches acquired the burgraviate of Nürnberg, later becoming margraves, then electors, of Brandenburg in the early 15th century, also dukes of Prussia in the 16th century. The rulers of Brandenburg-Prussia helped elevate the status of their Hohenzollern cousins, and the Hohenzollern princes of Hechingen and Sigmaringen became sovereign rulers in both the Confederation of the Rhine and the German Confederation. In 1849 the princes of both Hechingen and Sigmaringen abdicated in favor of the king of Prussia and the principalities were united with Prussia.

Counts of Hohenzollern

House of Hohenzollern c.1145–c.1200 Friedrich I … son of count Friedrich II of Zollern c.1200–1251: Friedrich II, the Admiral … son of Friedrich I

& c.1200–1226 Konrad … son of Friedrich I; to Nürnberg 1226–1260: :1255–1289 Friedrich III, the Illustious … son of Friedrich II 1289–1297: Friedrich IV, the Knight … son of Friedrich III :1298–1309 Friedrich V, the Eldest … son of Friedrich IV

& :1298–1333 Friedrich VI, Ostertag … son of Friedrich IV 1309–1313 Fritzli I … son of Friedrich V

& 1309–1320 Albrecht I … son of Friedrich V 1320–1368: Albrecht II … son of Albrecht I

& 1320–1371: Heinrich … son of Albrecht I

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1333–1339 Fritzli II … son of Friedrich VI & 1333–1377 Friedrich VII, the Black Count … son of Friedrich VI

1342–1365: Friedrich VIII, of Straßburg … son of Friedrich VI; associated :1368–1401 Friedrich IX, the Elder … son of Friedrich VIII; associated 1377–1412 Friedrich X … son of Friedrich IX

& 1377–c.1410 Friedrich XI, Ostertag … son of Friedrich IX; associated 1401–1426 Friedrich XII, of Öttingen … son of Friedrich IX; deposed; associated 1440–1443

& 1401–1439 Eitel Friedrich I … son of Friedrich IX 1439–1488 Jost Nikolaus I, the Bearded … son of Eitel Friedrich I 1488–1512 Eitel Friedrich II … son of Jost Nikolaus I 1512–1517 Franz Wolfgang … son of Eitel Friedrich II

& 1512–1538 Joachim … son of Eitel Friedrich II & 1512–1525 Eitel Friedrich III … son of Eitel Friedrich II

1517–1535 Christoph Friedrich … son of Franz Wolfgang; abdicated, died 1536 1525–1575 Karl I … son of Eitel Friedrich III; abdicated, died 1576 1538–1558 Jost Nikolaus II … son of Joachim

(division into Hechingen, Sigmaringen, and Haigerloch 1575) Counts and Princes of Hohenzollern in Hechingen

1575–1605 Eitel Friedrich IV … son of Karl I of Hohenzollern 1605–1623 Johann Georg … son of Eitel Friedrich IV; prince 1623 1623–1661 Eitel Friedrich V … son of Johann Georg 1661–1671 Philipp … son of Johann Georg 1671–1735 Friedrich Wilhelm I … son of Philipp 1735–1750 Friedrich Ludwig … son of Friedrich Wilhelm I 1750–1798 Joseph Wilhelm … son of Hermann Friedrich, son of Philipp 1798–1810 Hermann Friedrich … son of Franz Xaver, brother of Joseph Wilhelm 1810–1838 Friedrich Hermann … son of Hermann Friedrich 1838–1849 Friedrich Wilhelm II … son of Friedrich Hermann; abdicated, died 1869

(to Prussia 1849) Counts and Princes of Hohenzollern in Sigmaringen

1575–1606 Karl II … son of count Karl I of Hohenzollern 1606–1638 Johann … son of Karl II; prince 1623 1638–1681 Meinrad I … son of Johann 1681–1689 Maximilian I … son of Meinrad I 1689–1715 Meinrad II … son of Maximilian I 1715–1769 Joseph Friedrich … son of Meinrad II 1769–1785 Karl Friedrich … son of Joseph Friedrich 1785–1831 Anton Alois … son of Karl Friedrich 1831–1848 Karl III Anton … son of Anton Alois; abdicated, died 1853 1848–1849 Karl Anton … son of Karl III; abdicated, died 1885

(to Prussia 1849) Counts of Hohenzollern in Haigerloch

1575–1592 Christoph … son of Karl I of Hohenzollern 1592–1620 Johann Christoph … son of Christoph

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1620–1634 Karl … son of Christoph 1634–1681 (to Sigmaringen) 1681–1702 Franz Anton … son of Meinrad I of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen 1702–1750 Ferdinand Anton … son of Franz Anton 1750–1767 Franz Christoph Anton … son of Franz Anton

(to Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen 1767)

HOLLAND

The County of West Frisia, later called Holland, was part of the Lotharingian kingdom and duchy, and its coastal location had exposed it to Viking attacks in the 9th century. Together with the rest of Lotharingia, West Frisia recognized the authority of the German kings after 925. The local comital dynasty proved very resilient and withstood the occasional attempts of German kings and Lotharingian dukes to dispossess it. Holland also competed with neighboring Flanders for control over Zeeland, which was considered a Flemish fief held by the count of Holland for a long time (1076–1323); in the end the count of Holland held Zeeland directly from the Holy Roman emperor. From 1299 Holland came into personal union with the county of Hainault by passing through inheritance to the House of Avesnes. In 1354–1356, the two counties passed to the House of Wittelsbach, which held them until 1433, when they were ceded to the Valois duke of Burgundy. Holland later became part of the Spanish Netherlands, until the declaration of independence from Habsburg rule in 1581, when it became one of the leading provinces of the independent Netherlands.

Counts of West Frisia and Holland

House of West Frisia/Holland 916–939 Dirk I … son of (?) count Gerulf of Kennemerland 939–988 Dirk II … son of (?) Dirk I 988–993 Arnulf … son of Dirk II

993–1039 Dirk III, of Jerusalem … son of Arnulf 1039–1049 Dirk IV … son of Dirk III 1049–1061 Floris I … son of Dirk III 1061–1091 Dirk V … son of Floris I 1091–1121 Floris II, the Fat … son of Dirk V 1121–1157 Dirk VI … son of Floris II

– Floris, the Black … son of Floris II; rival 1129–1131; abdicated, died 1133 1157–1190 Floris III … son of Dirk VI 1190–1203 Dirk VII … son of Floris III 1203–1207 Ada … daughter of Dirk VII; deposed, died 1223

& 1203–1207 Lodewijk of Loon … married Ada; son of count Gerard of Loon; deposed, died 1218 1207–1222 Willem I … son of Floris III; rival since 1203 1222–1234 Floris IV … son of Willem I 1234–1256 Willem II … son of Floris IV; Empire 1247–1256 1256–1296 Floris V … son of Willem II 1296–1299 Jan I … son of Floris V

Avesnes House of Hainault 1299–1304 Jan II … son of count Jean I of Hainault by Aleida, daughter of Floris IV 1304–1337 Willem III, the Good … son of Jan II 1337–1345 Willem IV, the Bold … son of Willem III 1345–1354 Margaretha … daughter of Willem III; abdicated, died 1356

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Wittelsbach House of Bavaria 1354–1389 Willem V, the Fool … son of Margaretha by emperor Ludwig IV 1389–1404 Albrecht … brother of Willem V; regent since 1358 1404–1417 Willem VI … son of Albrecht 1417–1433 Jacoba … daughter of Willem VI; abdicated, died 1436

& 1418–1422 Jan III of Brabant … married Jacoba; son of duke Anton of Brabant; divorced, died 1427 & 1422–1428 Humfred of Gloucester … married Jacoba; son of king Henry IV of England; divorced, died 1447

Valois House of Burgundy 1433–1467 Filips I, the Good … son of duke Jean II of Burgundy, 1467–1477 Karel I, the Rash … son of Filips I 1477–1482 Maria … daughter of Karel I

Habsburg House of Austria 1482–1506 Filips II, the Handsome … son of Maria by emperor Maximilian I; Castile 1504–1506 1506–1549 Karel II … son of Filips II; abdicated; Castile 1506–1556; Aragón and Sicily 1516–1556;

Naples 1516–1554; Empire 1519–1558 (to the Spanish Netherlands 1549; to the Netherlands 1581; etc.) HOLSTEIN (SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN)

The county of Holstein in Lower Saxony was ruled by the counts of Schaumburg (or Schauenburg) since the beginning of the 12th century. The dynasty divided into several branches, of which the most important was the line of Holstein-Rendsburg, which obtained the duchy of Schleswig in 1386. The throne passed to the House of Oldenburg in 1459, and Holstein became a duchy in 1474. By this time the House of Oldenburg also ruled the kingdoms of Denmark and Norway, and Schleswig and Holstein were typically conferred on junior members of the royal house, with a proliferation of non-sovereign lines of dukes. The two main, and sovereign, branches of the ducal house were the dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Segeberg (simultaneously kings of Denmark) and the dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp. The latter branch was inherited by the former in 1771, but the male line became extinct in 1863. The duke of the hitherto non-sovereign branch of Glückburg succeeded to the throne of Denmark as king Christian IX in 1863, but was defeated in war against Austria and Prussia in his attempt to keep Schleswig-Holsten. The duchies were turned over to the joint administration of Austria and Prussia by treaty in 1864, and Prussia annexed them after defeating Austria in 1866.

Counts of Holstein

House of Schaumburg 1110–1130 Adolf I … son of (?) Adolf 1131–1164 Adolf II … son of Adolf I 1164–1203 Adolf III … son of Adolf II; deposed, died 1225

Ascanian House of Ballenstedt 1204–1227 Albrecht … son of count Siegfried III of Weimar-Orlamünde; deposed, died 1245

House of Schaumburg 1227–1239 Adolf IV, Barefoot … son of Adolf III; abdicated, died 1261 1239–1261 Johann I … son of Adolf IV; to Kiel 1261–1263

& 1239–1261 Gerhard I … son of Adolf IV; to Itzehoe 1261–1290 (division into Kiel and Itzehoe 1261) Counts of Holstein in Kiel

1261–1263 Johann I … son of Adolf IV of Holstein; Holstein 1239–1261 1263–1308 Adolf V, the Pomeranian … son of Johann I; in Segeberg 1273

& 1263–1315 Johann II, the One-Eyed … son of Johann I; in Kiel 1273; deposed, died c.1321

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+ Adolf … son of Johann II; associated in Segeberg 1308–1315 (to Holstein-Plön 1315) Counts of Holstein in Itzehoe

1239–1290 Gerhard I … son of Adolf IV of Holstein; Holstein 1239–1261 (division into Itzehoe-Plön, Rendsburg, and Schamburg-Pinneburg 1290) Counts of Holstein in Itzehoe and Plön

1290–1312 Gerhard II, the Blind … son of Gerhard I 1312–1359 Johann III, the Mild … son of Gerhard II; acquired Kiel and Segeberg 1315

& 1312–1317 Gerhard IV … son of Gerhard II; in Segeberg 1316 1317–1350 Gerhard V … son of Gerhard IV; in Segeberg 1359–1390 Adolf IX … son of Johann III

(to Holstein-Rendsburg 1390) Counts of Holstein in Schaumburg and Pinneberg

1290–1315 Adolf VI … son of Gerhard I of Holstein-Itzehoe 1315–1353 Adolf VII … son of Adolf VI 1353–1366 Adolf VIII … son of Adolf VII

& 1353–1404 Otto I … son of Adolf VII & 1353–c.1361 Simon … son of Adolf VII

1404–1426 Adolf X … son of Otto I 1426–1464 Otto II … son of Adolf X 1464–1474 Adolf XII … son of Otto II

& 1464–1492 Erich … son of Otto II & 1464–1510 Otto III … son of Otto II

1492–1526 Anton … son of Otto II 1498–1527 Johann IV … son of Otto II 1527–1531 Jobst I … son of Johann IV 1531–1544 Adolf XIII … son of Jobst I; in Pinneberg 1533; abdicated; archbishop of Cologne 1546–1556

& 1531–1560 Johann V … son of Jobst I; in Bückeburg 1533 & 1531–1576 Otto IV … son of Jobst I; in Schaumburg 1533; bishop of Hildesheim & 1531–1581 Jobst II … son of Jobst I; in Gemen 1533

1576–1601 Adolf XIV … son of Otto IV; in Schaumburg & 1576–1622 Ernst … son of Otto IV; in Schaumburg; prince of Schaumburg 1619

1581–1593 Heinrich V … son of Jobst II; in Gemen 1593–1635 Jobst Hermann … son of Heinrich V; in Gemen; prince of Schaumburg 1622 1635–1640 Otto V … son of Georg Hermann, son of Jobst II; prince of Schaumburg 1640–1643 Elisabeth … mother of Otto V; daughter of count Simon VI of Lippe; abdicated, died 1646

(Schaumburg-Bückeburg to Schaumburg-Lippe 1643; the rest to Brunswick-Lüneburg and Hesse-Cassel)

Counts of Holstein in Rendsburg, Dukes of Schleswig

1290–1304 Heinrich I … son of Gerhard I of Holstein-Itzehoe 1304–1340 Gerhard III, the Great … son of Heinrich I 1340–1384 Heinrich II, the Iron … son of Gerhard III

& 1340–1397 Nikolaus … son of Gerhard III

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1384–1404 Gerhard VI … son of Heinrich II; duke of Schleswig 1386 & 1384–1403 Albrecht II … son of Heinrich II & 1384–1421 Heinrich III … son of Heinrich II; bishop of Osnabrück

1404–1427 Heinrich IV … son of Gerhard VI & 1404–1459 Adolf XI … son of Gerhard VI & 1404–1433 Gerhard VII … son of Gerhard VI

House of Oldenburg 1459–1474 Christian … son of count Dietrich of Oldenburg by Hedwig, daughter of Gerhard VI;

Denmark 1448–1481; Norway 1450–1481; Sweden 1457–1464; duke of Schleswig-Holstein 1474–1481

Dukes of Schleswig-Holstein

1474–1481 Christian I … former count of Holstein and duke of Schleswig 1481–1490 Johann … son of Christian I; Denmark 1481–1513; Norway 1483–1513; to Segeberg 1490–1513

& 1481–1490 Friedrich I … son of Christian I; Denmark and Norway 1523–1533; to Gottorp 1490–1533 (division into Segeberg and Gottorp) Dukes of Schleswig-Holstein in Segeberg and Glückstadt

1490–1513 Johann … son of Christian I of Schleswig-Holstein; Schleswig-Holstein 1481–1490; Denmark 1481–1513; Norway 1483–1513; Sweden 1497–1501

1513–1523 Christian II … son of Johann; also Denmark and Norway; Sweden 1520–1521; deposed, died 1559 1523–1533 Friedrich I … brother of Johann; also Denmark and Norway 1533–1559 Christian III … son of Friedrich I; in Glückstadt; Denmark and Norway 1534–1559 1559–1588 Friedrich II … son of Christian III; also Denmark and Norway 1588–1648 Christian IV … son of Friedrich II; also Denmark and Norway 1648–1670 Friedrich III … son of Christian IV; also Denmark and Norway 1670–1699 Christian V … son of Friedrich III; also Denmark and Norway 1699–1730 Friedrich IV … son of Christian V; also Denmark and Norway 1730–1746 Christian VI, the Pious … son of Friedrich IV; also Denmark and Norway 1746–1766 Friedrich V … son of Christian VI; also Denmark and Norway 1766–1808 Christian VII … son of Friedrich V; also Denmark and Norway 1808–1839 Friedrich VI … son of Christian VII; also Denmark; Norway 1808–1814 1839–1848 Christian VIII … son of Friedrich, son of Friedrich VI; also Denmark; Norway 1814 1848–1863 Friedrich VII … son of Christian VIII; also Denmark 1863–1864 Christian IX … son of duke Wilhelm of Glücksburg, son of duke Friedrich Karl of Beck,

son of Karl Anton, son of duke Peter August, son of duke Friedrich Ludwig, son of duke August Philipp, son of duke Alexander of Sonderburg, son of duke Johann, son of Christian III; abdicated; Denmark 1863–1906

– Friedrich VIII … son of duke Christian of Augustenburg, son of duke Friedrich Christian II, son of duke Friedrich Christian I, son of duke Christian August, son of duke Friedrich Wilhelm, son of duke Ernst Günther, son of duke Alexander of Beck, son of duke Johann, son of Christian III; rival 1863–1866; deposed, died 1880

(to Austria and Prussia 1864; to Prussia 1866) Dukes of Schleswig-Holstein in Gottorp

1490–1533 Friedrich I … son of duke Christian I of Schleswig-Holstein; Schleswig-Holstein 1481–1490; Denmark and Norway 1523–1533

1533–1580 Johann, the Elder … son of Friedrich I; in Hadersleben

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& 1533–1586 Adolf … son of Friedrich I; in Gottorp 1586–1587 Friedrich II … son of Adolf 1587–1590 Philipp … son of Adolf 1590–1616 Johann Adolf … son of Adolf; archbishop of Bremen and bishop of Lübeck 1616–1659 Friedrich III … son of Johann Adolf 1659–1675 Christian Albrecht … son of Friedrich III; bishop of Lübeck; deposed 1675–1679 (to Denmark) 1679–1683 Christian Albrecht … restored; deposed 1683–1689 (to Denmark) 1689–1695 Christian Albrecht … restored 1695–1702 Friedrich IV … son of Christian Albrecht 1702–1739 Karl Friedrich … son of Friedrich IV 1739–1762 Karl Peter Ulrich … son of Karl Friedrich; Russia 1762 1762–1773 Paul … son of Karl Peter Ulrich; abdicated; Russia 1796–1801

(to Denmark 1773; to Prussia 1864) HORNE (HOORN)

The lords of Horne in the Netherlands were maternal descendants of the counts of Altena. The line maintained itself from the 12th to the 16th century and the lord of Horne was promoted to count in 1450. On the extinction of the male line in 1540, the county was inherited by the House of Montmorency. Count Filips distinguished himself in Habsburg service but then opposed Spanish rule and was executed for treason. After a disputed succession, Horne was acquired by the bishopric of Liège (Lüttich) in 1614. In 1677 a principality was created for the count of Baucignies, a descendant of the ancient lords of Horne, in Overijse within the Spanish Netherlands. The third prince was promoted to imperial prince in 1736, but with his death the male line became extinct. The principality passed to his son-in-law, the wildgrave/rhinegrave of Salm-Kyrburg.

Lords and Counts of Horne

House of Horne 1304–1331 Gerard I … son of Willem III of Horne 1331–1343 Willem V … son of Gerard I 1343–1345 Gerard II … son of Willem V

1345–c.1381 Willem VI … son of Willem V c.1381–1415 Willem VII … son of Willem VI

1415–1433 Willem VIII … son of Willem VII 1433–1488 Jakob I … son of Willem VIII; count 1450 1488–1530 Jakob II … son of Jakob I 1530–1531 Jakob III … son of Jakob II 1531–1540 Jan … son of Jakob II

House of Montmorency 1540–1568 Filips … son of Joseph, son of Philippe of Montmorency by Maria, daughter of Frederik

of Montigny, son of Jakob I; adopted son of Jan, who had married Filips’ mother Anna of Egmond

1568–1570 Floris … brother of Filips (disputed succession/to the bishopric of Liège 1570/1614)

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Counts of Baucignies and Princes of Horne House of Horne

1605–1612 Gerard … son of Jan of Baucignies, son of Filips, son of Jan, son of Filips of Gaesbeek, son of Jan, son of Arnold of Baucignies, son of Diederik, son of Willem V; count of Baucignies

1612–1656 Ambrosius … son of Gerard 1656–1709 Eugenius Maximiliaan … son of Ambrosius; prince 1677 1709–1718 Filips Emanuel … son of Eugenius Maximiliaan 1718–1763 Maximiliaan Emanuel … son of Filips Emanuel; imperial prince 1736

(to Salm-Kyrburg 1763 30; to France 1795; to the Netherlands 1815) HOYA

The county of Hoya in lower Saxony was at one time vassal of the archbishop of Bremen. In the late 13th century the lords of Hoya were promoted to counts. In 1324 the comital lineage divided into two lines, one ruling from Hoya (the “Lower County”), the other from Nienburg (the “Upper County”). In 1503 the count of Nienburg inherited Hoya, where the male line had become extinct. When the last count died without male heirs in 1582, his lands passed mostly to Brunswick-Lüneburg, with smaller portions passing to Hesse-Cassel and Oldenburg. The conventional numbering of the counts includes numerous non-reigning members of the family, among them bishops of Hildesheim, Minden, Münster, and Osnabrück, Paderborn, and Verden, and an archbishop of Bremen.

Counts of Hoya, then the Lower County

House of Stumpenhausen 1204–1235 Heinrich I … son of Wedekind of Stumpenhausen 1235–1290 Heinrich II … son of Heinrich I 1290–1278: Johann I … son of Heinrich II; count 1276

& 1290–c.1312 Gerhard II … son of Heinrich II & 1290–1324 Otto II … son of Heinrich II

1324–1383 Gerhard III … son of Otto II & 1324–1345 Johann III … son of Otto II; to Nienburg 1345–1377

1383–1428 Otto III … son of Gerhard II 1428–1451 Otto V … son of Otto III 1451–1497 Otto VII … son of Otto V

& 1451–1503 Friedrich II … son of Otto V (to Hoya-Nienburg 1503) Counts of Hoya in Nienburg (Upper County), then all Hoya

1345–1377 Johann II … son of count Otto II of Hoya; Hoya 1324–1345 1377–1426: Erich I … son of Johann II :1427–1466 Johann V … son of Erich I 1466–1507 Jobst I … son of Johann V; inherited Hoya 1503 1507–1545 Jobst II … son of Jobst I

& 1507–1535 Johann VII … son of Jobst I & 1507–1547 Erich IV … son of Jobst I

1545–1563 Albrecht II … son of Jobst II & 1545–1582 Otto VIII … son of Jobst II

30 Maximilian Emanuel’s daughter Maria Theresia had married wildgrave/rhinegrave Philipp Joseph of Salm-Kyrburg.

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& 1545–1575 Erich V … son of Jobst II (divided between Brunswick-Lüneburg/Calenberg, Hesse-Cassel, and Oldenburg 1582) ISENBURG

The ancient noble family of Isenburg ruled lands northeast and southeast of Frankfurt in Franconia, and subdivided into a great many lines over the course of more than six centuries, with two main branches designated Upper and Lower Isenburg. In 1442 Diether I of Büdingen was promoted to count. In 1601 count Wolfgang Ernst I of Isenburg-Birstein-Offenbach, who died in 1633, reunited all the possessions of Upper Isenburg, and in 1628 divided them among his sons, establishing the two major lines of Isenburg-Offebach-Birstein and Isenburg-Büdingen. With the adoption of primogeniture in 1712, the family’s further subdivisions into branches ceased. In 1744 Wolfgang Ernst I of Isenburg-Birstein was the first in the family to be promoted to prince, and in 1806 his grandson Karl joined the Confederation of the Rhine, for which he was made sovereign prince of Isenburg, and rewarded with authority over the rest of the family lands. In 1815 the Congress of Vienna mediatized the principality, which was divided between its neighbors Hesse-Cassel and Hesse-Darmstadt. The list below does not include the branches of the family that never attained sovereignty.

Counts of Isenburg in Büdingen, in Büdingen, Birstein, and Offenbach

House of Isenburg 1408–1461 Diether I … son of Johann II of Büdingen; count 1442 1461–1511 Ludwig II … son of Diether I; purchased Birstein 1438

Philipp I … son of Ludwig II; to Ronneburg, Kelsterbach 1511–1526 (line extinct 1601) Diether II … son of Ludwig II; to Wächtersbach 1511–1521

1511–1533 Johann V … son of Ludwig II; in Birstein 1533–1568 Reinhard … son of Johann V; in Offenbach

& 1533–1596 Philipp II … son of Johann V; in Birstein & 1533–1588 Ludwig III … son of Johann V; in Offenbach

1596–1628 Wolfgang Ernst I … son of Philipp II; abdicated, died 1633 1628–1635 Wolfgang Heinrich … son of Wolfgang Ernst I

+ Philipp Ernst … son of Wolfgang Ernst I; in Büdingen 1628–1635 + Wilhelm Otto … son of Wolfgang Ernst I; in Birstein 1628–1635; abdicated, died 1667 + Ludwig Arnold … son of Wolfgang Ernst I; in Wächtersbach 1628–1662 Johann Ernst … son of Wolfgang Ernst I; to Büdingen 1628–1673 (line continued)

1635–1641 Wolfgang Ernst II … son of Wolfgang Heinrich; in Birstein31 & 1635–1685 Johann Ludwig … son of Wolfgang Heinrich; in Offenbach; Birstein 1641 & 1635–1664 Christian Moritz … son of Wolfgang Heinrich; in Offenbach; Birstein 1641

1685–1711 Johann Philipp … son of Johann Ludwig; to Philippseich 1711–1718 & 1685–1711 Wilhelm Moritz I … son of Johann Ludwig; in Birstein & 1685–1711 Georg Ludwig … son of Johann Ludwig; to Eisenberg 1711–? (line extinct 1758)

1711–1744 Wolfgang Ernst III … son of Wilhelm Moritz I; Offenbach 1718; prince 1744–1754 & 1711–1718 Wilhelm Moritz II … son of Wilhelm Moritz I; to Philippseich 1718–1772 (line continued)

Princes of Isenburg and Büdingen, Princes of Isenburg

1744–1754 Wolfgang Ernst I … former count of Isenburg-Birstein 1711–1744 1754–1803 Wolfgang Ernst II … son of Wilhelm Emich, son of Wolfgang Ernst I; Eisenberg 1758 1803–1815 Karl … son of Wolfgang Ernst II; prince of Isenburg 1806; mediatized, died 1820

(divided between Hesse-Cassel and Hesse-Darmstadt 1815) 31 French occupation 1635–1643.

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JÜLICH

The county of Jülich belonged to Lower Lorraine and was established in the 11th century. In the 13th and 14th centuries the county clashed with the powerful archbishop of nearby Cologne. In 1356 count Wilhelm V was promoted to duke by emperor Karl IV, and in the 1370s the duke of Jülich successfully claimed the duchy of Guelders by inheritance. On the extinction of the comital line in 1423, Jülich and Guelders passed to different heirs, and Jülich joined the neighboring principalities of Berg in 1423, and Cleves and Mark in 1521. This large and prosperous agglomeration was dissolved after the extinction of the House of Mark in 1609, when the territory was disputed between the Wittlesbach House of the Palatinate-Neuburg and the Hohenzollern House of Brandenburg. The Treaty of Xanten in 1614 allotted Jülich and Berg to the Palatinate (and later Bavaria). Jülich was occupied by France in 1794, but the Congress of Vienna in 1815 turned it over to Prussia, except for a small part, which was allotted to the Netherlands.

Counts of Jülich

House of Jülich :1085–1127: Gerhard III … son of count Gerhard II of Jülichgau :1129–1143: Gerhard IV … son of Gerhard III :1147–1176 Wilhelm I … son of Gerhard IV 1176–1207 Wilhelm II, the Great … son of Wilhelm I

House of Hengebach 1207–1218 Wilhelm III … son of Eberhard I of Hengebach by Jutta, daughter of Wilhelm I 1218–1278 Wilhelm IV … son of Wilhelm III 1278–1297 Walram … son of Wilhelm IV 1297–1328 Gerhard V … son of Wilhelm IV 1328–1356 Wilhelm V … son of Gerhard V; duke of Jülich 1356–1361

Dukes of Jülich

1356–1361 Wilhelm I … former count of Jülich 1328–1356 1361–1393 Wilhelm II … son of Wilhelm I; associated 1343 1393–1402 Wilhelm III … son of Wilhelm II 1402–1423 Rainald … son of Wilhelm II

Ravensberg House of Berg 1423–1437 Adolf … son of duke Wilhelm I of Berg, son of count Gerhard of Berg, son of Wilhelm I 1437–1475 Gerhard … son of count Wilhelm of Ravensberg, son of Wilhelm I 1475–1511 Wilhelm IV … son of Gerhard

Berg House of Mark-Altena 1511–1539 Johann, the Peaceable … husband of Maria, daughter of Wilhelm IV; son of duke Johann II

of Cleves 1539–1592 Wilhelm V, the Rich … son of Johann 1592–1609 Johann Wilhelm … son of Wilhelm V; bishop of Münster 1574–1585

(divided between Brandenburg and the Palatinate-Neuburg 1609; to the Palatinate-Neuburg 1614, united with the Palatinate 1685, and with Bavaria 1777; to France 1794; to Prussia 1815)

KATZENELNBOGEN

The county of Katzenelnbogen emerged in the 12th century, in two separate areas of Franconia: Lower Katzenelnbogen, located around this castle to the northwest of Wiesbaden, and Upper Katzenelnbogen around Darmstadt to the southeast of Mainz. In the 12th century the family provided bishops of Osnabrück and

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Münster. In 1260 the family divided into two lines, the elder in Lower, the younger in Upper Katzenelnbogen. The division lasted until 1403, when the younger branch inherited the elder. On the extinction of the male line of counts in 1479, the county was inherited by the landgraves of Hesse-Marburg.

Counts of Katzenelnbogen

House of Katzenelnbogen c.1102–1160 Heinrich II … son of Heinrich I of Katzenelnbogen; count 1138 1160–c.1173 Heinrich III … son of Heinrich II

c.1173– c.1179 Berthold I … son of Heinrich II c.1179–1211: Berthold II … son of Berthold I

& c.1179–1214: Diether III … son of Berthold I :1219–c.1245 Diether IV … son of Diether III c.1245–1260 Diether V … son of Diether IV; to Lower Katzenelnbogen 1260–1276

& c.1245–1260 Eberhard I … son of Diether IV; to Upper Katzenelnbogen 1260–1311 (division into Upper and Lower Katzenelnbogen 1260) Counts of Lower Katzenelnbogen

1260–1276 Diether V … son of count Diether IV of Katzenelnbogen; Katzenelnbogen c.1245–1260 1276–1331 Wilhelm I … son of Diether V

+ Diether VI … son of Diether V; associated in Lichtenberg 1276–1315 + Diether VII … son of Diether VI; associated in Lichtenberg 1315–1325 + Johann I … son of Wilhelm I; associated 1325–:1331

1331–1385 Wilhelm II … son of Wilhelm I & 1331–1403 Eberhard V … son of Wilhelm I

(to Upper Katzenelnbogen 1403) Counts of Upper Katzenelnbogen

1260–1311 Eberhard I … son of count Diether IV of Katzenelnbogen; Katzenelnbogen c.1245–1260 1311–1312 Gerhard … son of Eberhard I

& 1311–1321 Berthold III … son of Eberhard I 1312–1329 Eberhard II … son of Gerhard

& 1312–1357 Johann II … son of Gerhard 1321–1328 Eberhard III … son of Eberhard II

& 1321–1332 Johann III … son of Eberhard II 1328–1354 Eberhard IV … son of Eberhard III 1357–1402 Diether VIII … son of Johann II 1402–1444 Johann IV … son of Diether VIII; inherited Lower Katzenelnbogen 140332 1444–1479 Philipp, the Elder … son of Johann IV

(to Hesse-Marburg 147933; to Hesse-Cassel 1500; Upper Katzenelnbogen to Hesse-Darmstadt and Lower Katzenelnbogen to Hesse-Rheinfels 1567; part of Katzenelnbogen to Nassau 1801; to Prussia 1866)

32 Johann IV had married Eberhard V’s daughter Anna. 33 Philipp’s daughter Anna had married landgrave Heinrich III of Hesse, who succeeded his father-in-law in 1479.

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KAUNITZ-RIETBERG

The small county of Rietberg in Westphalia was governed by the Cuyk House of Werl-Arnsberg until the late 16th cenutry. The county was inherited by the East Frisian House of Cirksena in 1584/1586. The Moravian lords of Kaunitz acquired the county of Rietberg by marriage, and in 1764 Wenzel Anton was promoted to prince of the Holy Roman Empire. He served as Austria’s foreign minister for four decades from 1753 to 1794. In 1807 Rietberg was mediatized in favor of Westphalia, and in 1815 it passed to Prussia.

Counts of Rietberg

Cuyk House of Werl-Arnsberg c.1203–c.1217 Heinrich II … son of count Heinrich I of Werl-Arnsberg

1237–1262 Konrad I … son of Heinrich II; abdicated, died 1284: 1262–1282 Friedrich I … son of Konrad I 1282–1313 Konrad II … son of Friedrich I

& 1282–1323 Friedrich II … son of Friedrich I 1313–1347 Otto I … son of Konrad II 1347–1365 Konrad III … son of Otto I 1365–1389 Otto II … son of Konrad III 1389–1428 Konrad IV … son of Otto II 1428–1472 Konrad V … son of Konrad IV 1472–1516 Johann I … son of Konrad V 1516–1535 Otto III … son of Johann I 1535–1553 Otto IV … son of Otto III

& 1535–1562 Johann II, the Mad … son of Otto III 34 1562–1584 Armagard … daughter of Johann II

& 1568–1575 Erich of Hoya … married Armgard; son of count Jobst II of Hoya & 1578–1584 Simon of Lippe … married Armgard; son of count Bernhard VIII of Lippe; died 1613

1584–1586 Walburgis … daughter of Johann II & 1584–1586 Enno of Ostfriesland … husband of Walburgis; son of count Edzard II of Ostfriesland;

died 1625 Cirksena House of Ostfriesland

1586–1618 Sabina Catharina … daughter of Enno and Walburgis & 1601–1625 Johann III of Ostfriesland … married Sabina Catharina; brother of Enno; died 1625

1625–1640 Ernst Christoph … son of Johann III and Sabina Catharina 1640–1660 Johann IV … son of Johann III and Sabina Catharina 1660–1677 Friedrich Wilhelm … son of Johann IV 1677–1680 Franz Adolf Wilhelm … son of Johann IV; abdicated, died 1690 1680–1687 Ferdinand Maximilian … son of Johann IV 1687–1746 Maria Ernestine Francisca … daughter of Ferdinand Maximilian; abdicated, died 1758

& 1699–1746 Maximilian Ulrich … married Maria Ernestine Francisca; son of Dominik Andreas of Kaunitz House of Kaunitz

1746–1794 Wenzel Anton … son of Maximilian Ulrich; prince 1764 1794–1797 Ernst Christoph … son of Wenzel Anton 1797–1807 Dominik Andreas … son of Wenzel Anton; mediatized, died 1812

(to Westphalia 1807; to Prussia 1815)

34 In Imperial captivity from 1557.

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KIBURG

The Swabian counts of Kiburg (or Kyburg) northeast of Zürich controlled a sizable territory south of Konstanz in what is now northeastern Switzerland, including the landgraviate of Burgundy east of Bern. By the marriage of count Ulrich with Anna of Zähringen in the late 12th century, they inherited the Zähringen lands on the left bank of the Rhine. When the male line of counts became extinct in 1264, Kiburg came under the control of the House of Habsburg, significantly augmenting its pre-existing Swabian possessions. In 1271 king Rudolf I invested his cousin Eberhard I of Habsburg-Laufenburg with a portion of the Kiburg inheritance, the landgraviate of Burgundy (Neu-Kiburg), and married him to Anna, the daughter of count Hartmann V. The Habsburg counts of Neu Kiburg gradually became dependent on the neighboring Swiss city of Bern, and sold their remaining possessions to it in 1406–1408. Kiburg was retained by the Austrian Habsburgs, until turned over to a succession of noble houses starting in 1377. It returned to Austria in 1442, then passed to the Zürich in 1452.

Counts of Kiburg

House of Dillingen 1151–1180 Hartmann III … son of count Adalbert I of Dillingen 1180–1227 Ulrich … son of Hartmann III; husband of Anna, daughter of duke Berthold IV of Zähringen 1227–1228 Werner … son of Ulrich

& 1227–1264 Hartmann IV … son of Ulrich 1228–1263 Hartmann V … son of Werner

House of Habsburg 1264–1283 Rudolf I … son of count Albrecht IV of Habsburg by Hedwig, daughter of Ulrich; abdicated;

German king 1272–1291 1283–1290 Rudolf II … son of Rudolf I 1290–1309 Johann, the Parricide … son of Rudolf II; deposed, died 1313

(to Habsburg Austria 1309; delegated to various noble houses 1377; to Zürich 1424; to Austria 1442; to Zürich 1452)

Counts of Neu-Kiburg (Burgdorf), landgraves of Burgundy

1271–1284 Eberhard I … son of count Rudolf I of Habsburg-Laufenburg; married Anna, daughter of count Hartmann V of Kiburg

1284–1301 Hartmann I … son of Eberhard I 1301–1322 Hartmann II … son of Hartmann I; landgrave in Burgundy 1313 1322–1357 Eberhard II … son of Hartmann I 1357–1360 Eberhard III … son of Eberhard II; abdicated, died 1395 1360–1377 Hartmann III … son of Eberhard II 1377–1383: Rudolf … son of Hartmann III

& 1377–1379 Eberhard IV … son of Hartmann III & 1377–1408 Egon … son of Hartmann III; sold remnants of county 1406–1408; died 1414 & 1377–1379 Hartmann IV … son of Hartmann III; abdicated, died 1401:

:1384–1408 Berchtold … son of Eberhard II; died 1417 (to Bern/Switzerland by 1408) KLETTGAU

Much of Klettgau, a region of Swabia lying just north of the Danube, was ruled by the counts of Habsburg since the 10th century. In the 1230s a particular branch of the House of Habsburg established itself at Laufenburg in Fricktal, just south of the Rhine, and acquired control over portions of neighboring region,

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including the landgraviate of Klettgau to the northeast. On the extinction of the male line in 1408, the landgraviate passed by marriage to the counts of Sulz. When that family became extinct in the male line in 1687, the landgraviate was acquired by prince Ferdinand Wilhelm Eusebius of Schwarzenberg, who had married Maria Anna, the daughter and heiress of the landgrave Johann Ludwig II. In 1694 the new landgrave of Klettgau was promoted to princely rank. When the House of Schwarzenberg was mediatized in 1806, Klettgau passed to the Grand Duchy of Bade.

Counts of Habsburg in Laufenburg, landgraves of Klettgau

House of Habsburg :1239–1249 Rudolf I, the Silent … son of count Rudolf II of Habsburg 1249–1271 Gottfried I … son of Rudolf I

& 1249–1253 Werner … son of Rudolf I & 1249–1271 Eberhard … son of Rudolf I; to Neu-Kiburg 1271–1284

1271–1314: Rudolf II … son of Gottfried I :1315–1337 Johann I … son of Rudolf II; landgrave in Klettgau 1325 1337–1380 Johann II … son of Johann I; in Neu-Rapperswill

& 1337–1383 Rudolf III … son of Johann I & 1337–1375 Gottfried II … son of Johann I; in Alt-Rapperswill

1380–1392 Johann III … son of Johann II; in Neu-Rapperswill 1383–1408 Johann IV … son of Rudolf III 1408–1410 Ursula … daughter of Johann IV; abdicated, died 1460

Counts of Sulz, landgraves of Klettgau

House of Sulz 1410–1439 Rudolf I of Sulz … husband of Ursula; son of count Hermann VI of Sulz 1439–1484 Johann … son of Rudolf I

& 1439–1492: Alwig I … son of Rudolf I & 1439–1487 Rudolf II … son of Rudolf I

:1493–1535 Rudolf III … son of Alwig I 1535–1547 Johann Ludwig I … son of Rudolf III 1547–1565 Wilhelm … son of Johann Ludwig I

& 1547–1552 Rudolf IV … son of Johann Ludwig I & 1547–1572 Alwig II … son of Johann Ludwig I

1572–1620 Rudolf V, the Debtor … son of Alwig II; in Klettgau 1583 & 1572–1616 Karl Ludwig, the Tall … son of Alwig II; in Vaduz 1583

1616–1628 Alwig III … son of Karl Ludwig; abdicated, died 1632 1628–1648 Karl Ludwig Ernst … son of Karl Ludwig; married Maximiliana, daughter of Rudolf V 1648–1687 Johann Ludwig II … son of Karl Ludwig Ernst

(to Schwarzenberg 1687; to Bade 1806) KÖNIGSEGG

The Swabian lordship of Königsegg was promoted to barony in 1470, and in 1567 baron Johann Jakob purchased the county of Rothenfels from his wife’s family. The family divided itself into three branches, at Königsegg, Rothenfels, and Aulendorf, the latter two promoted to imperial counties in 1629. While Königsegg proper was inherited by Aulendorf in 1663, the remaining two lines survived until the end of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1804 Rothenfels was sold to Austria (which ceded it to Bavaria the following year) and in 1806 Königsegg-Aulendorf was mediatized in favor of Württemberg.

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Barons of Königsegg

House of Königseck 1470–1500 Marquard I … son of Johann III of Königsegg; baron 1470 1500–1544 Johann … son of Marquard I 1544–1553 Johann Marquard … son of Johann

& 1544–1590 Johann Jakob … son of Johann; purchased Rothenfels 1567 1590–1626 Marquard II … son of Johann Jakob

& 1590–1622 Georg … son of Johann Jakob Hugo … son of Georg; to Rothenfels 1622–1666 Johann Georg … son of Georg; to Aulendorf 1622–1666

1626–1663 Johann Wilhelm … son of Marquard II (to Aulendorf 1663) Counts of Königsegg in Rothenfels

1622–1666 Hugo … son of baron Georg of Königsegg; imperial count 1629 1666–1694 Leopold Wilhelm … son of Hugo 1694–1709 Siegmund Wilhelm … son of Leopold Wilhelm 1709–1736 Albert Eusebius … son of Leopold Wilhelm 1736–1759 Karl Ferdinand … son of Albert Eusebius 1759–1771 Franz Hugo … son of Albert Eusebius 1771–1804 Franz Fidelis … son of Joseph Lothar, son of Franz Hugo

1804 Johann … son of Franz Fidelis; sold county, died 1867 (to Austria 1804; to Bavaria 1805) Counts of Königsegg in Aulendorf

1622–1666 Johann Georg … son of baron Georg of Königsegg; imperial count 1629 1666–1692 Anton Eusebius … son of Johann Georg 1692–1710 Franz Maximilian … son of Anton Eusebius 1710–1765 Karl Siegfried … son of Franz Maximilian 1765–1786 Hermann Friedrich … son of Karl Siegfried 1786–1803 Ernst … son of Hermann Friedrich 1803–1806 Franz Xaver Karl … son of Ernst; mediatized, died 1863

(to Württemberg 1806) LEININGEN

The counts of Leiningen, since the 13th century a branch of the comital House of Saarbrücken, divided into several lines in the 14th century. By the mid-16th century their lands were reunited by the counts of Leiningen-Hardenburg, but the family divided its possessions again in 1541. The elder of the two resulting lines remained relatively unified, and Karl Friedrich Wilhelm was promoted to prince in 1779. His long reign ended, however, when the family was mediatized in favor of Bade in 1806. The list includes only the princely line of the family.

Counts and Princes of Leiningen in Hardenburg

House of Nahegau c.1108–1117 Emich I, the Crusader … son of count Emich II of Nahegau 1117–c.1138 Emich II … son of Emich I

c.1138–c.1187 Emich III … son of Emich II

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c.1187–c.1214 Friedrich I 35 … son of Emich III Saarbrücken House of Leiningen

c.1214–1237 Friedrich II … son of count Simon II of Saarbrücken by Liutgard, daughter Emich III 1237–1287 Friedrich III … son of Friedrich II; inherited Dagsburg

& 1237–c.1279 Emich IV … son of Friedrich II; in Landeck c.1279–1289 Emich V … son of Emich IV; in Landeck

1287–1316 Friedrich IV … son of Friedrich III 1316–1318 Friedrich V … son of Friedrich IV; to Leiningen 1317–1327 (line extinct 1467)

& 1318–1344 Gottfried … son of Friedrich IV 1344–1345 Friedmann … son of Gottfried; to Rixingen 1345–c.1366 (line extinct 1506)

& 1344–1381 Emich VI … son of Gottfried 1381–1452 Emich VII … son of Emich VI 1452–1495 Emich VIII … son of Emich VII

& 1452–c.1481 Schaffrid … son of Emich VII; in Guttenberg & 1452–c.1495 Bernhard … son of Emich VII; in Guntersblum

1495–1535 Emich IX … son of Emich VIII & 1495–1530 Hesso … son of Emich VIII; in Aspremont

1535–1541 Emich X … son of Emich IX & 1535–1553 Engelhard … son of Emich IX; in Dagsburg & 1535–1558 Ludwig … son of Emich IX; in Falkenburg & 1535–1540 Christoph … son of Emich IX; in Falkenburg

1541–1562 Johann Philipp I … son of Emich X & 1541–1560 Emich XI … son of Emich X; to Falkenburg-Heideshem-Dagsburg 1560–1593 (line continued)

1562–1607 Emich XII … posthumous son of Johann Philipp I 1607–1643 Johann Philipp II … son of Emich XII

& 1607–1623 Wolfgang Friedrich … son of Emich XII & 1607–1651 Friedrich X … son of Emich XII; in Dagsburg & 1607–1624 Georg Adolf … son of Emich XII

1643–1698 Friedrich Emich … son of Johann Philipp II & 1643–1666 Johann Philipp III … son of Johann Philipp II; in Emichsburg & 1643–1645 Adolf Christian … son of Johann Philipp II

+ Emich XIV … son of Friedrich Emich; associated in Emichsburg 1666–1684 1698–1722 Johann Friedrich … son of Friedrich Emich 1722–1756 Friedrich Magnus … son of Johann Friedrich

& 1722–1747 Karl Ludwig … son of Johann Friedrich; in Emichsburg 1756–1806 Karl Friedrich Wilhelm … son of Friedrich Magnus; prince 1779; mediatized, died 1807

(to Bade 1806) LEUCHTENBERG

The count of Leuchtenberg in the Bavarian Nordgau (the Upper Palatinate) was raised to landgrave in 1196 as heir to the landgraves of Steffling. The Leuchtenberg family distinguished itself in royal service and also served as governors of the area for the dukes of Bavaria. The male line became extinct in 1646, and Leuchtenberg was inherited by Albrecht of Bavaria. After the death of his nephew in 1705, Leuchtenberg was given to the bishops of Bamberg, and after that to the House of Lamberg by the emperor, before returning to Bavaria in 1712. Two more Wittelsbach princes ruled as landgraves until 1770. In 1817 Leuchtenberg was created a

35 Perhaps named Friedrich Emich.

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duchy for Napoléon’s stepson Eugène de Beauharnais by his father-in-law, king Maximilian I of Bavaria. The duchy remained an honorary title.

Counts and Landgraves of Leuchtenberg

House of Leuchtenberg c.1120–1146 Gebhard I … lord of Leuchtenberg 1146–c.1150 Friedrich I … son of Gebhard I

& 1146–c.1168 Gebhard II … son of Gebhard I; count by 1158 & 1146–c.1167 Marquard … son of Gebhard I c.1168–c.1209 Diepold I … son of Gebhard I; landgrave 1196 c.1209–c.1244 Gebhard III … son of Diepold I; in Waldeck

& c.1209–c.1259 Diepold II … son of Diepold I; in Leuchtenberg c.1244–c.1284 Friedrich II … son of Gebhard III; in Waldeck to 1283 36; Leuchtenberg c.1259

& c.1244–1279 Gebhard IV … son of Gebhard III; in Waldeck 1279–1293 Gebhard V … son of Gebhard IV

+ Friedrich III … son of Gebhard IV; associated 1279–1307: + Friedrich IV … son of Friedrich III; associated c.1284–1329; bishop of Eichstätt + Gebhard VI … son of Friedrich III; associated c.1284–1296

1293–1334 Ulrich I … son of Gebhard V 1334–1378 Ulrich II … son of Ulrich I; in West

& 1334–1407 Johann I … son of Ulrich I; in East; Hals 1376 1378–1404 Albrecht I … son of Ulrich II; in West 1407–1425 Georg I … son of Johann II, son of Johann I; in East/Hals 1407–1458 Johann III … son of Sigost, son of Johann I; in East/Hals

& 1407–1416 Georg II … brother of Johann III; in East/Hals 1404–1411 Ulrich III … son of Albrecht I; in West

& 1404–1463 Leopold … son of Albrecht I; in West; East/Hals 1458; prince 1440 1463–1486 Ludwig … son of Leopold; in Hals 37

& 1463–1487 Friedrich V … son of Leopold; in Leuchtenberg 1487–1531 Johann IV … son of Friedrich V 1531–1555 Georg III … son of Johann IV 1555–1567 Ludwig Heinrich … son of Georg III 1567–1613 Georg Ludwig … son of Ludwig Heinrich 1613–1621 Wilhelm … son of Georg Ludwig 1621–1646 Maximilian Adam … son of Wilhelm

Wittelsbach House of Bavaria 1646–1650 Albrecht II (VI) … widower of Mechthild, daughter of Georg Ludwig; son of duke

Wilhelm V of Bavaria; to Haag 1650–1666 1651–1705 Maximilian Philipp Hieronymus … son of elector Maximilian I of Bavaria, brother of

Albrecht II 1705–1708 (to the bishops of Bamberg)

House of Lamberg 1708–1711 Leopold Matthias Sigismund … son of Franz Joseph (below) 1711–1712 Franz Joseph … son of count Johann Maximilian of Lamberg-Steyer

36 Waldeck sold to Bavaria 1283. 37 In 1485 Hals was sold to the House of Aichberg; it was later purchased by Bavaria in 1517.

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Wittelsbach House of Bavaria 1712–1738 Ferdinand Maria … son of elector Maximilian II of Bavaria, son of elector Ferdinand

Maria, brother of Maximilian Philipp Hironymus 1738–1770 Clemens Franz … son of Ferdinand Maria

(to Bavaria 1770)

LEYEN

Hereditary seneschals of the archbishopric of Trier in Upper Lorraine, the Leyen family produced archbishops of Trier and Mainz, and with their help obtained the barony of Blieskastel in 1657 as imperial barons. In 1697 Karl Kaspar obtained the county of Hohengeroldseck from Austria, and in 1711 he was promoted to imperial count. The small county became a sovereign principality and member of the Confederation of the Rhine in 1806. However, the Congress of Vienna awarded it to Austria in 1815, and it ceded it to Bade in 1819.

Barons of Blieskastel, Counts of Hohengeroldseck, Princes of Leyen

House of Leyen 1657–1665 Hugo Ernst … son of Damian von der Leyen; baron of Blieskastel 1665–1687 Damian Adolf … son of Hugo Ernst 1687–1739 Karl Kaspar … son of Hugo Ernst; count of Hohengeroldseck 1697; imperial count 1711 1739–1760 Friedrich Ferdinand Franz … son of Karl Kaspar 1760–1775 Franz Karl … son of Friedrich Ferdinand Franz 1775–1815 Philipp Franz … son of Franz Karl; prince 1806; mediatized, died 1829

(to Austria 1815; to Bade 1819) LIGNE

The barons of Ligne in Hainault attained the rank of imperial count of Fauquemberg in 1549, and that of prince of Épinoy in 1601 (and of Amboise in 1624). In the second half of the 18th century they obtained the immediate county of Fagnolles. When this was lost to France by the Treaty of Lunéville in 1801, the prince of Ligne was compensated with the secularized abbey of Edelstetten in 1803. The very next year the prince of Ligne sold this to the Hungarian prince of Eszterházy.

Counts and Princes of Ligne

House of Ligne 1532–1552 Jacques … son of Antoine of Ligne; count of Fauquemberg 1549 1552–1583 Philippe … son of Jacques 1583–1624 Lamoral … son of Philippe; prince of Épinoy 1601, of Amboise 1624 1624–1629 Florent … son of Lamoral 1629–1642 Albert-Henri … son of Florent 1642–1679 Claude-Lamoral I … son of Florent 1679–1702 Henri-Ernest … son of Claude-Lamoral I 1702–1707 Antoine-Joseph-Ghislain … son of Henri-Ernest 1707–1766 Claude-Lamoral II … son of Henri Ernest; Fagnolles 1766–1804 Charles-Joseph … son of Claude-Lamoral II; sold lands, died 1814

(Fagnolles to France 1801; Edelstein to Eszterházy 1804) LIMBURG

The counts of Limburg contended with those of Louvain (Brabant) for the ducal throne of Lower Lorraine in

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the first half of the 12th century. After the award of the contested title to Brabant, the counts of Limburg were compensated with the title of dukes of Limburg. The smallish duchy was briefly augmented by succession to Luxembourg (1214–1226), but the union proved ephemeral. The War of Limburg Succession (1283–1288) ended with the absorption of Limburg by its longtime rival Brabant. Limburg later became part of the Spanish Netherlands, with small portions passing to the Netherlands in 1648 and 1661, and the remainder to the Austrian Netherlands in 1713. Occupied by France in 1794, Limburg passed to the Netherlands in 1815, but after the secession of Belgium in 1830 was divided in three, between Belgium, the Netherlands, and Prussia.

Counts and Dukes of Limburg

House of Arlon 1064–1081 Walram I, the Old … son of count Walram I of Arlon by Adela, daughter of duke Thierry I

of Upper Lorraine 1081–1119 Hendrik I … son of Walram I; duke of Lower Lorraine 1101–1106 1119–1139 Walram II, the Pagan … son of Hendrik I; duke of Lower Lorraine 1128–1139 1139–1167 Hendrik II … son of Walram II; claimed the ducal title from 1140 1167–1221 Hendrik III … son of Hendrik II 1221–1226 Walram III … son of Hendrik III 1226–1246 Hendrik IV … son of Walram III 1246–1279 Walram IV … son of Hendrik IV 1280–1283 Ermgard … daughter of Walram IV

& 1280–1288 Reinoud, the Wrangler of Guelders … husband of Ermgard; son of count Otto II of Guelders; deposed, died 1326

Hainault House of Brabant 1288–1294 Jan I, the Victorious … son of duke Hendrik III of Brabant 1294–1312 Jan II, the Pacific … son of Jan I 1312–1355 Jan III, the Triumphant … son of Jan II 1355–1406 Johanna … daughter of Jan III

& 1355–1383 Wenzel of Luxembourg … husband of Johanna; son of king Jan of Bohemia Valois House of Burgundy

1406–1415 Anton … son of duke Philippe II of Burgundy by countess Marguerite III of Flanders, daughter of count Louis II by Margaretha, daughter of Jan III

1415–1427 Jan IV … son of Anton 1427–1430 Filips I … son of Anton 1430–1467 Filips II, the Good … son of duke Jean II of Burgundy, brother of Anton 1467–1477 Karel I, the Rash … son of Filips II 1477–1482 Maria … daughter of Karel I

House of Habsburg (Austria) 1482–1506 Filips III, the Handsome … son of Maria by emperor Maximilian I; Castile 1504–1506 1506–1549 Karel II … son of Filips III; abdicated; Castile 1506–1556; Aragón and Sicily 1516–1556;

Naples 1516–1554; Empire 1519–1558 (to the Spanish Netherlands 1549) LIPPE

The lords of Lippe in Westphalia became imperial counts in 1529 and imperial princes permanently from 1789. In 1616 the dynasty had divided into four sovereign branches, but their possessions were reunited by the senior branch of Lippe-Detmold by 1749. The principality of Lippe entered the German Empire in 1871. The line became extinct in 1905 and the throne was inherited by prince Leopold IV, a member of the non-sovereign line of counts of Lippe-Biesterfeld. The monarchy was abolished in 1918. For Schaumburg-Lippe see there.

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Lords and Counts of Lippe House of Lippe

c.1120–c.1158 Bernhard I … son of (?) Hermann of Lippe & c.1120–c.1160 Hermann I … brother of Bernhard I

c.1160–1196 Bernhard II … son of Hermann I; abdicated, died 1224 1196–1229 Hermann II … son of Bernhard II 1229–1265 Bernhard III … son of Hermann II 1265–1275 Bernhard IV … son of Bernhard III

& 1265–1274 Hermann III … son of Bernhard III 1275–1344 Simon I … son of Bernhard IV

+ Simon II … son of Simon I; associated, died c.1334 1344–1360 Otto … son of Simon I; in Detmold and Lemgo

& 1344–1365 Bernhard V … son of Simon I; in Lippstadt and Rheda 1360–1410 Simon III … son of Otto 38 1410–1415 Bernhard VI … son of Simon III; associated 1384 1415–1429 Simon IV … son of Bernhard VI 1429–1511 Bernhard VII, the Warlike … son of Simon IV 1511–1536 Simon V … son of Bernhard VII; associated since c.1507; imperial count 1529 1536–1563 Bernhard VIII … son of Simon V 1563–1613 Simon VI … son of Bernhard VIII 1613–1616 Simon VII … son of Simon VI; to Detmold 1616–1627

& 1613–1616 Otto … son of Simon VI; to Brake 1616–1657 & 1613–1616 Hermann … son of Simon VI; to Schwalenberg 1616–1620 & 1613–1616 Philipp I … son of Simon VI; to Schaumburg-Bückeburg 1616–1681

(division into Detmold, Brake, and Alverdissen 1616) Counts and Princes of Lippe in Detmold

1616–1627 Simon VII … son of Simon VI of Lippe; Lippe 1613–1616 1627–1636 Simon Ludwig … son of Simon VII 1626–1650 Simon Philipp … son of Simon Ludwig 1650–1652 Johann Bernhard … son of Simon VII; associated in Sternberg from 1648 1652–1666 Hermann Adolf … son of Simon VII; associated in Sternberg from 1650 1666–1697 Simon Heinrich … son of Hermann Adolf 1697–1718 Friedrich Adolf … son of Simon Heinrich 1718–1734 Simon Heinrich Adolf … son of Friedrich Adolf; prince 1720–1734 1734–1782 Simon August … son of Simon Heinrich Adolf 1782–1802 Leopold I … son of Simon August; prince 1789 1802–1851 Leopold II … son of Leopold I 1851–1875 Leopold III … son of Leopold II 1875–1895 Woldemar … son of Leopold II 1895–1905 Alexander … son of Leopold II 1905–1918 Leopold IV … son of count Ernst II of Biesterfeld,39 son of count Julius, son of count

Ernst I, son of count Karl, son of count Friedrich, son of count Rudolf Friedrich, son of count Jobst Hermann, son of Simon VII; regent since 1904; deposed, died 1949

(to Germany 1918)

38 In Tecklenburg captivity 1371–1375. 39 Ernst II of Biesterfeld had been regent 1897–1904.

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Counts of Lippe in Brake

1616–1657 Otto … son of Simon VI of Lippe; Lippe 1613–1616 1657–1700 Kasimir … son of Otto 1700–1707 Rudolf … son of Kasimir 1707–1709 Ludwig Ferdinand … son of Friedrich, son of Otto

(to Lippe-Detmold 1709) Counts of Lippe in Alverdissen and Schaumburg

1616–1681 Philipp I … son of Simon VI of Lippe; Lippe 1613–1616; Schaumburg 1646 1681–1723 Philipp Ernst … son of Philipp I 1723–1749 Friedrich Ernst … son of Philipp Ernst; abdicated, died 1777 1749–1777 Philipp II … son of Friedrich; prince of Schaumburg-Lippe 1777–1787

(to Schaumburg-Lippe 1777) LOBKOWICZ

The Bohemian lord of Lobkovice was created imperial baron of Neustadt in 1574, and his son Zdenko Adalbert was promoted to imperial prince in 1624, after distinguishing himself in Habsburg service. His successor became prince of Sternstein in 1641 and duke of Silesia-Sagan in 1646. These titles secured the Lobkowicz family a place among the princes of the empire until its dissolution in 1806. At that date the prince of Lobkowicz was mediatized, with his imperial possessions, Sternstein and Waldthurm, passing to Bavaria.

Princes of Lobkowicz

House of Lobkowitz 1574–1584 Ladislaus II … son of Ladislaus I of Lobkovice; baron of Neustadt 1574 1584–1628 Zdenko Adalbert … son of Ladislaus II; prince 1624 1628–1677 Wenzel Eusebius … son of Zdenko Adalbert; Sternstein 1641; Silesia-Sagan 1646 1677–1715 Ferdinand August … son of Wenzel Eusebius 1715–1737 Philipp Hyazinth … son of Ferdinand August 1737–1739 Wenzel Ferdinand Karl … son of Philipp Hyazinth 1739–1784 Ferdinand Philipp Joseph … son of Philipp Hyazinth 1784–1806 Joseph Franz … son of Ferdinand; duke of Raudnitz 1786; mediatized, died 1816

(to Bavaria 1806) LOOZ (LOON)-CORSWAREM

After ruling for three centuries, the counts of Looz (Loon) died out in the male line in 1336, and after the county passed by inheritance to the Houses of Sponheim and Rumigny, it was sold to the bishop of Liège (Lüttich) in 1366. The lords of Corswarem, distant descendants of count Arnold II, tried but failed to acquire the county, and were given the title of duke of Looz-Corswarem in 1734. Duke Wilhelm Joseph of Niel was compensated for the loss of his lands to France in 1801 with the principality of Rheina-Wolbeck along the Rhine, carved out of the the bishopric of Münster in 1803. This was mediatized in favor of Berg in 1806.

Counts of Looz

House of Looz 1031–1044: Giselbert … son of count Otto by Liutgarde, daughter of count Albert I of Namur :1046–1078 Emmo … son of Gisebert

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& :1046–1084 Otto … son of Giselbert :1079–1125: Arnold I … son of Emmo :1135–1138: Arnold II … son of Arnold I :1141–1171 Lodewijk I … son of Arnold II

+ Gerard I … son of Arnold II; associated in Rieneck :1141–:1144 1171–1194: Gerard II … son of Lodewijk I :1197–1218 Lodewijk II … son of Gerard II

+ Gerard III … son of Gerard II; associated in Rieneck :1197–1216 1218–1221 Arnold III … son of Gerard II 1221–1227 Lodewijk III … son of Gerard III; abdicated; to Rieneck 1216–1243 (line extinct 1559) 1227–1272: Arnold IV … son of Gerard III :1273–1278 Jan … son of Arnold IV 1279–1327 Arnold V … son of Jan 1327–1336 Lodewijk IV … son of Arnold V

House of Sponheim 1336–1361 Diederik … son of count Gottfried II of Heinsberg by Mathilde, daughter of Arnold V

& 1336–1354: Godefried I … brother of Diederik 1361–1362 Godefried II … son of count Johann I of Heinsberg, brother of Diederik; sold county,

died 1395 House of Rumigny

1362–1366 Arnold VI … son of Guillaume of Rumigny by Johanna, daughter of Arnold V; abdicated, died 1373

(to the bishopric of Liège 1366) Barons of Longchamps, Dukes of Looz-Corswarem

1633–1671 Hubert … son of Raes of Longchamps, descendant of count Arnold II of Looz; baron 1652 1671–1705 Jean-Hubert … son of Hubert 1705–1759 Nicolas-Charles-François … son of Jean-Hubert; count 1734

& 1705–1759 Louis-Félix … son of Jean-Hubert; duke 1734 1759–1788 Jean-Florent … son of Louis-Félix 1788–1792 Charles-Alexandre-Auguste … son of Louis-Félix

(to Niel-Faux 1792) Barons of Faux, Counts of Niel, and Dukes of Looz-Corswarem

1633–1694 Franz II … brother of Hubert of Longchamps; baron 1652 1694–1741 Joseph I … son of Franz II; count of Niel 1741–1761 Joseph II Clemens … son of Joseph I 1761–1803 Wilhelm-Joseph … son of Joseph II Clemens; duke 1778; inherited Corswarem 1792 1803–1806 Joseph-Arnold … son of Wilhelm Joseph; mediatized, died 1827

(to Berg 1806; to France 1810; to Prussia 1815; to Germany 1918) LORRAINE (LOTHRINGEN)

When the Carolingian kingdom of Middle Francia was divided among the sons of emperor Lothar I in 855, its northern portion passed to his second son Lothar II. This territory, formed without any basis in tradition, came to be known as Lotharingia (German Lothringen, French Lorraine) after its king. Carolingian kings from France and Germany contended for the area, and from 870 to 879 it was actually divided between these kingdoms. The rule of distant or ineffective kings led to the rise of comital families and the appointment of

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dukes. In 925 the duke of Lorraine recognized the authority of the non-Carolingian king of the East Franks (Germany), and the kingdom of Lorraine became subsumed within that of Germany. In 953 the duchy was entrusted to Bruno, archbishop of Cologne and brother of the emperor Otto I. He divided Lorraine in two parts (administered by vice-dukes) and after his death in 965 the division persisted. The duchy of Lower Lorraine disintegrated in the 12th century amidst competition between the counts of Limburg and Louvain (Brabant) for the throne. Upper Lorraine, although somewhat reduced in size, remained an important feudal principality within the Holy Roman Empire, in spite of the repeated French occupations it in the 17th and 18th centuries. In 1737 the duke of Upper Lorraine, François III, had to hand over his duchy (receiving Tuscany in exchange) to the former king of Poland, Stanisław II Leszczyński. On the latter’s death in 1766, Lorraine passed to his son-in-law, the king of France. Lorraine has remained part of France ever since, except for 1871–1918, when it was incorporated into the German Empire, and 1940–1944, when it was once again annexed by Germany. From 1667 Nicolas-François of Upper Lorraine and his descendants held the marquisate of Nomeny, which, although actually lost to France in 1737, entitled them to the rank of imperial princes.

Kings in Lotharingia/Lorraine

Carolingian House 843–855 Lothar I … son of the emperor Ludwig I; emperor 817; Italy 820–839 855–869 Lothar II … son of Lothar I 869–870 Karl I, the Bald … brother of Lothar I; France 843–877; emperor and Italy 875–877 870–895 (division between France and Germany 870; to Germany 879) 895–900 Zwentibold … bastard son of the emperor Arnulf 900–911 Ludwig, the Child … legitimate half-brother of Zwentibold; Germany 899–911 911–925 Karl II, the Simple … posthumous son of king Louis II of France, son of Karl I; France

898–923 40; deposed, died 929 (to Germany 925) Dukes of Lotharingia/Lorraine

Conradine House of Franconia 903–910 Gebhard … son of (?) count Udo of Lahngau

Maasgau House of Hainault 910–915 Reginar … son of count Giselbert of Maasgau by Irmgard, daughter of emperor Lothar I 915–939 Giselbert … son of Reginar; confirmed as duke 928 939–940 Heinrich I … son of Giselbert; deposed, died c.944

Liudolfing House of Saxony 940 Heinrich II … son of king Heinrich I of Germany; deposed, died 955

House of Verdun 940–944 Otto … son of count Richwin of Verdun

Salian House of Franconia 944–953 Konrad, the Red … husband of Liutgard, daughter of emperor Otto I; son of count

Werner of Wormsgau; deposed, died 955 Liudolfing House of Saxony

953–965 Bruno … brother of Heinrich II; archbishop of Cologne; delegated authority to vice-dukes 959; abdicated, died 965

Vice-Dukes of Lower Lorraine/Lothier

House of Metz 959–964 Gottfried I … son of count palatine Gottfried of Lorraine, son of count Gerhard of Metzgau 964–973 Richar … uncle of (?) Gottfried I; son of (?) count Gerhard of Metzgau

40 In Vermandois captivity from 923.

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House of Verdun 973–976 Gottfried II, the Captive … son of Richar’s sister (?) Uda by count Gozelo of Bidgau, son

of count palatine Wigerich of Lorraine; deposed, died c.998 Dukes of Lower Lorraine/Lothier

Carolingian House 977–991 Karl I … son of king Louis IV of France; deposed, died 993/995

991–1012 Otto … son of Karl I House of Verdun

1012–1023 Gottfried I, the Childless … son of vice-duke Gottfried II 1023–1044 Gozelo I, the Great … son of vice-duke Gottfried II 1044–1046 Gozelo II, the Coward … son of Gozelo I; deposed, died 1046

House of Luxembourg 1046–1065 Friedrich … son of count Friedrich I of Luxembourg, son of Siegfried, son of count

palatine Wigerich of Lorraine House of Verdun

1065–1069 Gottfried II, the Bearded … son of Gozelo I 1069–1076 Gottfried III, the Hunchback … son of Gottfried II

Salian House of Franconia 1076–1087 Konrad … son of emperor Heinrich IV; abdicated, died 1101

House of Boulogne 1087–1100 Gottfried IV, of Bouillon … son of count Eustache II of Boulogne by Ida, daughter of

Gottfried II; defender of the Holy Sepulcher 1099–1100 Arlon House of Limburg

1101–1106 Heinrich I … son of count Walram I of Limburg; deposed, died 1119 Hainault House of Brabant

1106–1128 Gottfried V, the Bearded … son of count Heinrich II of Louvain, son of Lambert II by Oda, daughter of Gozelo I; deposed, died 1139

Arlon House of Limburg 1128–1139 Walram, the Pagan … son of Heinrich

Hainault House of Brabant 1140–1142 Gottfried VI, the Younger … son of Gottfried V 1142–1190 Gottfried VII, the Brave … son of Gottfried VI

(disintegration of the duchy: ducal title retained by the counts of Louvain, as dukes of Lothier or Brabant, but the counts of Limburg had been compensated with ducal status since 1140)

Dukes of Upper Lorraine/the Moselle

Wigerich House of Bar 959–978 Frédéric I … son of count palatine Wigerich of Lorraine; vice-duke 959; duke 977

978–1027 Thierry I … son of Frédéric I + Frédéric II … son of Thierry I; associated 1019–1026

1027–1033 Frédéric III … son of Frédéric II House of Verdun

1033–1044 Gothelon, the Great … son of vice-duke Gottfried II of Lower Lorraine, son of count Gozelo of Bidgau, brother of Frédéric I

1044–1047 Godefroy, the Bearded … son of Gothelon; deposed, died 1069 House of Metz

1047–1048 Adalbert … son of count Gérard of Metz

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1048–1070 Gérard … brother of Adalbert 1070–1115 Thierry II, the Valiant … son of Gérard 1115–1139 Simon I … son of Thierry II 1139–1176 Mathieu I … son of Simon I 1176–1205 Simon II … son of Mathieu I; abdicated, died 1207 1205–1206 Ferry I, of Bitsche … son of Mathieu I; associated 1179 1205–1213 Ferry II … son of Ferry I; succeeded uncle 1205 and father 1206 1213–1220 Thiébaud I … son of Ferry II 1220–1251 Mathieu II … son of Ferry II 1251–1303 Ferry III … son of Mathieu II 1303–1312 Thiébaud II … son of Ferry III 1312–1329 Ferry IV, the Fighter … son of Thiébaud II 1329–1346 Raoul, the Valiant … son of Ferry IV 1346–1390 Jean I … posthumous son of Raoul 1390–1431 Charles II, the Bold 41… son of Jean I 1431–1453 Isabelle … daughter of Charles II

& 1431–1453 René I, the Good … husband of Isabelle; son of duke Louis II of Anjou; Naples 1435–1442; died 1480

Valois House of Anjou 1453–1470 Jean II … son of René I and Isabelle 1470–1473 Nicolas … son of Jean II

1473 Yolande … daughter of René I and Isabelle; abdicated, died 1483 Metz House of Vaudémont

1473–1508 René II, the Younger … son of Yolande by count Ferry II of Vaudémont42 1508–1544 Antoine, the Good … son of René II 1544–1545 François I … son of Antoine 1545–1608 Charles III … son of François I 1608–1624 Henri II,43 the Good … son of Charles III 1624–1625 Nicole … daughter of Henri II; deposed, died 1657

& 1624–1625 Charles IV … husband of Nicole; son of François II (below); deposed 1625 François II … son of Charles III; abdicated, died 1632

1625–1634 Charles IV … restored; deposed 1634–1635 Nicolas-François … son of François II; exiled, legitimist claimant 1635–1661, died 1670 1635–1641 (to France)

1641 Charles IV … restored; exiled, legitimist claimant 1641–1659 1641–1659 (to France) 1659–1670 Charles IV … restored; exiled, legitimist claimant 1670–1675 1670–1697 (to France)

Charles V … son of Nicolas-François; legitimist claimant 1675–1690 1697–1729 Léopold-Joseph … son of Charles V; legitimist claimant 1690–169744 1729–1737 François III Étienne … son of Léopold-Joseph; exchanged Lorraine for Tuscany; retained

the title marquis of Nomeny; emperor 1745–1765

41 The numbering of dukes named Charles includes duke Karl I of Lower Lorraine. 42 In exile during Burgundian occupation, 1475–1476. 43 The numbering of dukes named Henri includes duke Heinrich I of Lower Lorraine. 44 Lorraine was occupied by France again in 1702–1714, but the duke did not go into exile.

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House of Leszczyński 1737–1766 Stanislas … son of Rafał Leszczyński; Poland 1704–1709 and 1733–1736

(to France 1766) LÖWENSTEIN-WERTHEIM

The county of Löwenstein was obtained by the German king Rudolf I and bestowed upon his illegitimate son Albrecht in 1283. In 1441 one of his descendants sold the county to the elector Palatine. Ludwig, morganatic son of elector Friedrich I of the Palatinate, was invested with the barony of Scharfeneck and with Löwenstein by his cousin, the elector Philipp. The county’s possessions were augmented by the inheritance of Wertheim and Rochfort in 1574 (not fully secured until 1598). The count of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort was promoted to prince in 1711. In 1806 the principality was mediatized and divided among Nassau, Hesse-Darmstadt, and Württemberg. The list includes only the princely line of the family. For Virneburg, see there.

Counts and Princes of Löwenstein and Wertheim

Habsburg House of Löwenstein 1283–1304 Albrecht I … bastard son of king Rudolf I; count of Löwenstein 1304–:1310 Philipp … son of Albrecht I

& 1304–1328 Rudolf … son of Albrecht I 1304–1340 Nikolaus … son of Albrecht I 1340–1377: Albrecht II … son of Nikolaus :1382–1388 Albrecht III … son of Albrecht II 1388–1441 Heinrich … son of Albrecht II; sold county, died 1442 1441–1488 (to the Palatinate)

Wittelsbach House of Löwenstein 1488–1524 Ludwig I … morganatic son of elector Friedrich I of the Palatinate; imperial count 1494 1524–1536 Ludwig II … son of Ludwig I

& 1524–1541 Friedrich I … son of Ludwig I Wolfgang … son of Friedrich I; to Scharfeneck 1541–1571 (line extinct 1633)

1541–1569 Friedrich II … son of Friedrich I; in Sulzbach & 1541–1611 Ludwig III … son of Friedrich I; count of Löwenstein-Wertheim 1580

1611–1615 Christoph Ludwig … son of Ludwig III; to Virneburg 1615–1618 & 1611–1635 Ludwig IV … son of Ludwig III & 1611–1636 Wolfgang Ernst … son of Ludwig III & 1611–1644 Johann Dietrich … son of Ludwig III

1644–1672 Ferdinand Karl … son of Johann Dietrich 1672–1718 Maximilian Karl … son of Ferdinand Karl; prince 1711 1718–1735 Dominik Marquard … son of Maximilian Karl; purchased Rosenberg 1730 1735–1789 Karl Thomas … son of Dominik Marquard 1789–1806 Dominik Konstantin … son of Theodor Alexander, son of Dominik Marquard;

mediatized, died 1814 (Wertheim to Nassau, Breuberg to Hesse-Darmstadt, Löwenstein to Württemberg 1806) LUSATIA (LAUSITZ)

Lusatia in eastern Germany was a Slavic region annexed by the East Frankish (German) kingdom in the 920s. From 936 it constituted part of the great Saxon East March (Ostmark) ruled by margrave Gero, but on his death in 965 it emerged as a separate march alongside others at Meissen (Meißen), Merseburg, Zeitz, and the

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Saxon North March (Nordmark). In 1002–1031, most of Lusatia was occupied by the Poles, but the march recovered its eastern frontier after Poland’s weakening. Shortly thereafter, the march became the first major holding of the Wettin family, which proceeded to gradually take over Meissen, Thuringia, and Saxony. Frequently united with Meissen, Lusatia was sold to Brandenburg in 1303, and then to Bohemia in 1367. Lusatia remained a part of the Bohemian crown lands until it was ceded to Saxony in 1635. The Congress of Vienna awarded it to Prussia in 1815.

Margraves of Lusatia (Lausitz)

House of Merseburg 965–993 Hodo I … son of (?) margrave Gero, son of count Thietmar of Merseburg

House of Serimunt 993–1015 Gero … son of margrave Thietmar of Meissen

1015–1030 Thietmar … son of Gero 1030–1032 Hodo II … son of Thietmar

House of Wettin 1032–1034 Dietrich I … son of count Dedo II of Wettin

House of Merseburg 1034–1046 Ekkehard … brother of Mathilde, wife of Dietrich I; son of margrave Ekkehard I of Meissen

House of Wettin 1046–1069 Dedo I … son of Dietrich I; deposed

1069 Dedo II … son of Dedo I 1069–1075 Dedo I … restored

Přemyslid House of Bohemia 1076–1081 Wratislaw … son of duke Břetislav I of Bohemia; replaced; Bohemia 1061–1092

House of Wettin 1081–1103 Heinrich I, the Elder … son of Dedo I 1103–1123 Heinrich II, the Younger … son of Heinrich I

House of Groitsch 1123–1124 Wiprecht … husband of Judith, daughter of Wratislaw; son of count Wiprecht I of Balsamgau

House of Winzenburg 1124–1130 Hermann … son of count Hermann of Formbach; deposed, died 1137

Ascanian House of Ballenstedt 1130–1131 Albrecht, the Bear … husband of Sophie, daughter of Hermann; son of count Otto of

Ballenstedt; replaced; Nordmark/Brandenburg 1134–1170 House of Groitsch

1131–1135 Heinrich III … son of Wiprecht House of Wettin

1136–1156 Konrad I, the Pious … son of Thimo, son of Thimo, brother of Dedo I; abdicated, died 1157 1156–1185 Dietrich II … son of Konrad I 1185–1190 Dedo III, the Fat … son of Konrad I 1190–1210 Konrad II … son of Dedo III 1210–1221 Dietrich III, the Oppressed … son of margrave Otto II of Meissen, son of Konrad I 1221–1288 Heinrich IV, the Illustrious … son of Dietrich III

+ Dietrich, the Wise … son of Heinrich IV; associated in Landsberg 1265–1285 1288–1291 Friedrich, Tuta … son of Dietrich 1291–1303 Dietrich IV, Diezmann … son of margrave Albrecht II of Meissen, son of Heinrich IV;

abdicated, died 1307 Ascanian House of Brandenburg

1303–1308 Otto I … son of margrave Johann I of Brandenburg; purchased Lusatia from Dietrich IV

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1308–1319 Waldemar, the Great … son of Konrad, brother of Otto 1319–1324 (to the Empire)

Wittelsbach House of Bavaria 1324–1351 Ludwig I, the Elder … son of emperor Ludwig IV 1351–1365 Ludwig II, the Roman … brother of Ludwig I 1365–1367 Otto II, the Indolent … brother of Ludwig II; abdicated, died 1379

(to Bohemia 1367; to Hungary 1479; to Bohemia 1490; to Saxony 1635; to Prussia 1815) MANDERSCHEID

The lordship of Manderscheid was nestled in-between the territories of Luxembourg and Trier in Lower Lorraine. Dietrich III of Manderscheid obtained Schleiden, Blankenheim, and Gerolstein through marriage, and in 1457 was promoted to count. In 1488 the count divided his possessions among his three sons, who inaugurated the lines of Schleiden, Blankenheim-Gerolstein, and Kail. The Schleiden line, which held Manderscheid proper, obtained the county of Virneburg, but its extinction in the male line in 1593 led to a lengthy dispute over the inheritence. Schleiden passed to a branch of Mark; Virneburg to Löwenstein-Wertheim; eventually, Manderscheid was inherited by the line of Kail in 1647.45 On the extinction of the male line of Kail, all of the remaining Manderscheid lands were inherited by the Blankenheim-Gerolstein branch of the family (see the separate entry Blankenheim and Gerolstein above).46

Counts of Manderscheid

House of Manderscheid 1386–1426 Dietrich I … son of Wilhelm VII of Manderscheid 1426–1457 Dietrich II … son of Dietrich I; abdicated, died 1469

+ Wilhelm VIII … son of Dietrich I; associated in Kail and Wartenstein 1426–1456 1457–1488 Dietrich III … son of Dietrich II; count 1457; abdicated, died 1498

(division into Schleiden, Blankenheim-Gerolstein, and Kail 1488) Counts of Manderscheid in Manderscheid and Schleiden

1488–1489 Kuno I … son of count Dietrich III of Manderscheid 1489–1501 Kuno II … son of Kuno I 1501–1551 Dietrich IV … son of Kuno I 1551–1560 Dietrich V … son of Dietrich IV 1560–1593 Dietrich VI … son of Dietrich V 1593–1611 (to the Empire during disputed succession) 1611–1639 Magdalena … daughter of count Joachim of Virneburg, son of Dietrich V

House of Löwenhaupt 1639–1647 Elisabeth Amalia … daughter of Magdalena by count Sten of Löwenhaupt

(to Manderscheid-Kail ) Counts of Manderscheid in Kail

House of Manderscheid 1488–1509 Wilhelm … son of count Dietrich III of Manderscheid 1509–1562 Jakob … son of Wilhelm 1562–1577 Dietrich I … son of Jakob

45 Countess Elisabeth Amalia of Manderscheid having married count Philipp Dietrich of Manderscheid-Kail. 46 Count Johann Wilhelm Franz of Blankenheim and Gerolstein having married Maria Francisca, daughter of count Wolfgang Heinrich of Manderscheid-Kail.

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1577–1613 Dietrich II … son of Dietrich I 1613–1653 Philipp Dietrich … son of Dietrich II; inherited Manderscheid 1647 1653–1686 Hermann Franz … son of Philipp Dietrich 1686–1721 Karl Franz Ludwig … son of Hermann Franz 1721–1742 Wolfgang Heinrich … son of Hermann Franz

(to Blankenheim-Gerolstein 1742) MANSFELD

The county of Mansfeld in southern Saxony passed by marriage to the lords of nearby Querfurt in 1229, and remained in the hands of that family ever since. In 1475 the family divided into two main branches, in Vorderort and Hinterort, the second of which became extinct in 1666. The Vorderort branch subdivided among six heirs in 1531, one of whom, Peter Ernst I, a governor of the Habsburg Netherlands, was promoted to prince in 1594. The promotion died out with him, as his surviving son was both a bastard and died in revolt against the emperor. In 1690 Heinrich Franz I was created prince of Fondi in 1690 and confirmed as imperial prince in 1711. The princely line ended in 1780, and its allodial possessions passed by marriage to Franz Gundaker of Colloredo, who formally took the name Colloredo-Mannsfeld (different spelling). The list includes only the princely line of the family. The numbering of the princes varies widely in the literature.

Counts and Princes of Mansfeld-Vorderort

Querfurt House of Mansfeld 1475–1484 Albrecht III … son of count Günther II of Mansfeld 1484–1526 Günther III … son of Albrecht III

& 1484–1531 Ernst II … son of Albrecht III & 1484–1540 Hoyer III … son of Albrecht III

1531–1546 Philipp I … son of Ernst II; in Bornstädt Johann Georg I … son of Ernst II; to Eisleben 1531–1579 (line extinct 1710)

& 1531–1604 Peter Ernst I … son of Ernst II; in Friedeburg; prince 1594 Johann Albrecht … son of Ernst II; to Arnstein 1531–1586 (line extinct 1615) Johann Hoyer … son of Ernst II; to Artern 1531–1585 (line extinct 1631) Johann Ernst I … son of Ernst II; to Heldrungen 1531–1572

1546–1558 Hugo … son of Philipp I & 1546–1615 Bruno I … son of Philipp I; in Bornstädt

1615–1638 Wolfgang … son of Bruno I & 1615–1644 Bruno II … son of Bruno I

Joachim Friedrich … son of Bruno I; to Friedeburg 1615–1623 Philipp III … son of Bruno I; to Vorderort 1615–1657 (line extinct 1696)

1638–1662 Karl Adam … son of Wolfgang 1644–1692 Franz Maximilian … son of Bruno II

& 1644–1715 Heinrich Franz I … son of Bruno II; prince 1711 1692–1717 Karl Franz … son of Franz Maximilian; married Maria Eleonore, daughter of Heinrich

Franz I; succeeded as prince 1715 1717–1780 Heinrich Franz II … son of Karl Franz

1780 Joseph Wenzel … son of Heinrich Franz II House of Colloredo-Mannsfeld

1780–1806 Franz Gundaker … husband of Maria Isabella, daughter of Joseph Wenzel; son of prince Rudolf Joseph of Colloredo; mediatized, died 1807

(to Colloredo-Mannsfeld 1788; Rieneck to Regensburg; Limpurg-Speckfeld to Bavaria 1806)

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MARK

In 1172 Friedrich of Altena purchased the lordship of Mark (Marck) in Westphalia and, after the partition of his father’s inheritance with his brother in 1180, took the title of count. His son began to call himself count of Mark by 1202. Engelbert II obtained Aremberg by marriage in 1299, but it passed to a collateral line of the family. Adolf III obtained Cleves by inheritance in 1368, and Johann III obtained Jülich and Berg by marriage in 1511; these possessions remained in the family until its extinction in 1609. At that point the lands were contested by the Wittelsbach House of the Palatinate-Neuburg and the Hohenzollern House of Brandenburg. The Peace of Xanten in 1614 allotted Mark and Cleves to Brandenburg. In 1807 Mark was ceded to France by the Treaty of Tilsit, and it was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Berg. The Congress of Vienna in 1815 returned Mark to Prussia.

Counts of Mark

Berg House of Altena 1172–1199 Friedrich … son of count Eberhard of Altena, son of count Adolf II of Berg 1199–1249 Adolf I … son of Friedrich 1249–1269 Otto … son of Adolf I; in Altena

& 1249–1277 Engelbert I … son of Adolf I; in Mark; also Altena 1269 1277–1308 Eberhard … son of Engelbert I 1308–1328 Engelbert II … son of Eberhard 1328–1347 Adolf II … son of Engelbert II 1347–1391 Engelbert III … son of Adolf II 1391–1393 Adolf III … son of Adolf II; bishop of Münster 1357–1363; bishop of Cologne 1363–1364;

abdicated, died 1394 1393–1398 Dietrich … son of Adolf III 1398–1448 Adolf IV … son of Adolf III; abdicated, died 1448

+ Gerhard … son of Adolf III; rival 1423–1430; associated 1430–1461 1448–1481 Johann I, the Wrangler … son of Adolf IV 1481–1521 Johann II, the Childmaker … son of Johann I 1521–1539 Johann III, the Peaceable … son of Johann II 1539–1592 Wilhelm, the Rich … son of Johann III 1592–1609 Johann Wilhelm … son of Wilhelm; bishop of Münster 1574–1585

(divided between Brandenburg and the Palatinate-Neurburg 1609; to Brandenburg 1614; to Berg 1807; to Prussia 1815)

MECKLENBURG

The House of Mecklenburg in northern Germany originated as a family of princes of the Obodrite Slavs, who became Christians definitively in the 11th century, after repeated attempts at Christianization and German expansion into their lands. In 1167 prince Pribislaw I of the Obodrites was confirmed in possession of Mecklenburg by duke Heinrich the Lion of Saxony, and in 1170 he was conferred the dignity of imperial count by the emperor Friedrich I Barbarossa. The family divided into numerous branches in the 13th century, and the counts of Mecklenburg-Schwerin became dukes in 1348. One of them, Albrecht II, became king of Sweden in 1364, but lost that throne in 1389. By the middle of the 15th century three younger branches of the dynasty descended from count Heinrich-Burwin II and another branch descended from count Heinrich II were all extinct, and the duchy was reunited by duke Heinrich II of the senior line of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. As allies of Denmark the dukes of Mecklenburg were dispossessed by the imperial general Albrecht of Weldstein (Wallenstein) in 1628, but were restored by the Swedish in 1632. From 1701 the family was permanently

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divided into two lines, Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz, both of which acquired the title of grand dukes in 1815. In 1871 the two grand duchies joined the German Empire. In 1918 the line of Mecklenburg-Strelitz became extinct and the grand duchy reverted to the line of Mecklenburg-Schwerin for just over eight months before the abolition of the monarchy.

Princes of the Obodrites

Obodrite House 1131–1160 Niklot … prince of the Obodrites 1160–1178 Pribislaw I … son of Niklot; prince 1170

& 1160–1164 Wartislaw … son of Niklot 1164–1200 Nikolaus I … son of Wartislaw; in Rostock 1178–1227 Heinrich Burwin I … son of Pribislaw I

+ Heinrich Burwin II … son of Heinrich Burwin I; associated in Rostock 1217–1226 + Nikolaus II … son of Heinrich Burwin I; associated in Gadebusch 1217–1225

1227–1234 Johann I, the Theologian … son of Heinrich Burwin II; to Mecklenburg 1234–1264 & 1227–1234 Nikolaus III … son of Heinrich Burwin II; to Werle 1234–1277 & 1227–1234 Heinrich Burwin III … son of Heinrich Burwin II; to Rostock 1234–1278 & 1227–1234 Pribislaw II … son of Heinrich Burwin II; to Parchim 1234–1256; died 1270:

(division into Mecklenburg, Werle, Rostock, and Parchim 1234) Princes of Mecklenburg

1234–1264 Johann I, the Theologian … son of Heinrich Burwin II; Obodrites 1227–1234 1264–1302 Heinrich I, the Pilgrim … son of Johann I

& 1264–1265 Albrecht I … son of Johann I & 1264–1283 Nikolaus III … son of Johann I; abdicated, died 1289/1290 & 1264–1299 Johann II … son of Johann I; in Gadebusch from 1273

1302–1329 Heinrich II, the Lion … son of Heinrich I; associated from 1287 + Johann III … son of Heinrich I; associated 1287–1289

1329–1358 Albrecht II … son of Heinrich I; duke 1348; to Schwerin 1358–1379 & 1329–1352 Johann IV … son of Heinrich I; duke 1348; to Stargard 1352–1393

(division into Schwerin and Stargard 1359) Princes of Werle, Parchim, Güstrow, and Waren

1234–1277 Nikolaus I … son of prince Heinrich Burwin II of the Obodrites; Obodrites 1227–1234 1277–1291 Heinrich I … son of Nikolaus I; associated 1271

& 1277–1286 Bernhard I … son of Nikolaus I; in Werle & 1277–1283 Johann I … son of Nikolaus I; in Parchim

1283–1316 Nikolaus II … son of Johann I; in Parchim & 1283–1337 Johann II … son of Johann I; in Güstrow 1316

1291–1294 Heinrich II … son of Heinrich I; associated 1282; deposed, died 1307: + Nikolaus … son of Heinrich I; associated 1291–1294; deposed, died 1298:

1316–1352 Johann III … son of Nikolaus II; in Parchim and Goldberg 1337–1360 Nikolaus III … son of Johann II; in Güstrow

& 1337–1382 Bernhard II … son of Johann II; in Waren 1352–1354 Nikolaus IV … son of Johann III; in Parchim and Goldberg 1354–1374 Johann IV … son of Nikolaus IV; in Parchim and Goldberg 1360–1393 Lorenz … son of Nikolaus III; in Güstrow

& 1360–1378 Johann V … son of Nikolaus III; in Güstrow

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1382–1395 Johann VI … son of Bernhard II; in Waren; associated in Parchim and Goldberg 1374 1393–1421 Balthasar … son of Lorenz; prince of the Wends 1418

& 1393–1414 Johann VII … son of Lorenz & 1393–1436 Wilhelm … son of Lorenz; prince of the Wends 1421

1395–1408 Nikolaus V … son of Johann VI; in Goldberg & 1395–1426 Christoph … son of Johann VI; in Waren 47

(division between Schwerin and Stargard 1436) Princes of Rostock

1234–1278 Heinrich Burwin III … son of prince Heinrich Burwin II of the Obodrites; Obodrites 1227–1234 1278–1282 Waldemar … son of Heinrich Burwin III; associated 1266 1282–1314 Nikolaus IV, the Child … son of Waldemar

(to Denmark 1301–1323) Dukes of Mecklenburg in Stargard

1352–1392 Johann I … son of prince Heinrich II of Mecklenburg; Mecklenburg 1329–1352 1392–1416 Johann II … son of Johann I

& 1392–1397 Albrecht I … son of Johann I & 1392–1417 Ulrich I … son of Johann I

1416–1438 Johann III … son of Johann II 1417–1423 Albrecht II … son of Ulrich I

& 1417–1466 Heinrich, the Elder … son of Ulrich I 1466–1471 Ulrich II … son of Heinrich

(to Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1471) Dukes and Grand Dukes of Mecklenburg in Schwerin

1358–1379 Albrecht I, the Great … son of prince Heinrich II of Mecklenburg; Mecklenburg 1329–1358 1379–1383 Heinrich I, the Hangman … son of Albrecht I

& 1379–1412 Albrecht II … son of Albrecht I; Sweden 1364–1389 & 1379–1384 Magnus I … son of Albrecht I

1383–1388 Albrecht III … son of Heinrich I 1384–1422 Johann IV … son of Magnus I 1412–1423 Albrecht IV … son of Albrecht II 1422–1477 Heinrich II, the Fat … son of Johann IV

& 1422–1443 Johann V … son of Johann IV 1477–1503 Magnus II … son of Heinrich II

& 1477–1507 Balthasar … son of Heinrich II 1503–1552 Heinrich III, the Peaceable … son of Magnus II; in Schwerin from 1534

& 1503–1508 Erich … son of Magnus II & 1503–1534 Albrecht VI, the Handsome … son of Magnus II; to Güstrow 1534–1547

1552–1557 Philipp … son of Heinrich III 1557–1576 Johann Albrecht I, the Learned … son of Albrecht VI; associated 1552 1576–1585 Ulrich III, Nestor … brother of Johann Albrecht I; abdicated 1585–1592 Johann VII, the Melancholy … son of Johann Albrecht I; associated in Wismar since 1576

+ Sigismund August … son of Johann Albrecht I; associated in Mirow 1576–1603 1592–1603 Ulrich III, Nestor … restored

47 In Mecklenburg captivity 1415–1417.

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1603–1608 Karl I, the Proper … brother of Johann Albrecht I; abdicated, died 1610 1608–1638 Adolf Friedrich I … son of Johann VI; associated since 1592; deposed

House of Waldstein (Wallenstein) 1628–1632 Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius … son of count Wilhelm of Waldstein; deposed, died 1634

Obodrite House of Mecklenburg 1632–1658 Adolf Friedrich I … restored 1658–1692 Christian Ludwig I … son of Adolf Friedrich I

+ Karl … son of Adolf Friedrich I; associated in Mirow 1658–1670 + Johann Georg … son of Adolf Friedrich I; associated 1658–1675 + Gustav Rudolf … son of Adolf Friedrich I; associated 1658–1670 + Friedrich I … son of Adolf Friedrich I; associated in Grabow 1658–1688 + Adolf Friedrich II … posthumous son of Adolf Friedrich I; associated 1658–1701; to

Strelitz 1701–1708 1692–1713 Friedrich Wilhelm … son of Friedrich I; associated in Grabow since 1688 1713–1747 Karl Leopold, the Refugee … son of Friedrich I 48 1747–1756 Christian Ludwig II … son of Friedrich I 1756–1785 Friedrich II, the Pious … son of Christian Ludwig II 1785–1837 Friedrich Franz I … son of Ludwig, son of Christian Ludwig I; grand duke 1815 1837–1842 Paul Friedrich … son of Friedrich Ludwig, son of Friedrich Franz I 1842–1883 Friedrich Franz II … son of Paul Friedrich 1883–1897 Friedrich Franz III … son of Friedrich Franz II 1897–1918 Friedrich Franz IV … son of Friedrich Franz III; deposed, died 1945

(to Germany 1918)

Dukes of Mecklenburg-Schwerin in Güstrow 1464–1483 Albrecht V … son of duke Heinrich II of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

& 1464–1474 Johann VI … brother of Albrecht V 1483–1534 (to Schwerin) 1534–1547 Albrecht VI, the Handsome … son of duke Magnus II of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1547–1555 Johann Albrecht I … son of Albrecht VI; to Schwerin 1552–1576 1555–1603 Ulrich III, Nestor … son of Albrecht VI

+ Christoph … son of Albrecht VI; in Gadebusch 1570–1592 1603–1610 Karl I … son of Albrecht VI 1610–1611 (to Schwerin) 1611–1628 Johann Albrecht II … son of duke Johann VII of Schwerin; deposed

House of Waldstein (Wallenstein) 1628–1632 Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius … son of count Wilhelm of Waldstein; deposed, died 1634

Obodrite House of Mecklenburg 1632–1636 Johann Albrecht II … restored 1636–1695 Gustav Adolf … son of Johann Albrecht II

(to Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1695, contested by Mecklenburg-Strelitz until 1748) Princes of Mecklenburg in Strelitz

1701–1708 Adolf Friedrich II … posthumous son of duke Adolf Friedrich I of Schwerin 1708–1752 Adolf Friedrich III … son of Adolf Friedrich II 1752–1794 Adolf Friedrich IV … son of Karl, son of Adolf Friedrich II

48 In exile 1719–1730.

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1794–1816 Karl II … brother of Adolf Friedrich IV; grand duke 1815 1816–1860 Georg … son of Karl II 1860–1904 Friedrich Wilhelm … son of Georg 1904–1914 Adolf Friedrich V … son of Freidrivh Wilhelm 1914–1918 Adolf Friedrich VI … son of Adolf Friedrich V

(to Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1918; to Germany 1918) MEISSEN

The area of Meissen (Meißen) in eastern Germany originally belonged to the Slavic Sorbs, and was annexed by the East Frankish kingdom (Germany) in the 920s. After 936 it constituted part of the great Saxon East March (Ostmark) ruled by margrave Gero, but on the latter’s death in 965 a separate march of Meissen (or Thuringian March) emerged alongside others in Merseburg and Zeitz, as well as Lusatia (Lausitz) and the Saxon North March (Nordmark). Unlike some of its fellow marches, Meissen was not swept away by the Slavic revolt of 983 and survived the incursions of Bolesław I of Poland in the early 11th century. By the mid-12th century Meissen had become the base of the Wettin family, which extended its control over Thuringia and electoral Saxony in later centuries. After 1547, the march of Meissen was fully united with electoral Saxony.

Margraves of Meissen (Meißen)

House of Wigbert 965–:976 Wigbert

House of Serimunt :976–978 Thietmar … son of margrave Christian of Serimunt

House of Merseburg 978–982 Günther … son of count Ekkehard of Merseburg

House of Harzgau 982–985 Rikdag … son of (?) count Volkmar

House of Merseburg 985–1002 Ekkehard I … son of Günther; married Suanhilde, widow of Thietmar

1002–1009 Gunzelin … son of Günther; deposed, died c.1017 1009–1038 Hermann I … son of Ekkehard I 1038–1046 Ekkehard II … son of Ekkehard I

House of Weimar 1046–1062 Wilhelm … son of count Wilhelm III of Weimar 1062–1067 Otto I … brother of Wilhelm

House of Brunswick 1067–1068 Ekbert I … son of margrave Liudolf of Frisia 1068–1089 Ekbert II … son of Ekbert I; married Oda, daughter of Otto I; deposed, died 1090

House of Wettin 1090–1103 Heinrich I, the Elder … son of margrave Dedo I of Lusatia; married Gertrud, daughter of Ekbert I 1103–1123 Heinrich II, the Younger … posthumous son of Heinrich I

House of Groitzsch 1123–1124 Wiprecht … husband of Kunigunde, daughter of Otto I; son of count Wiprecht I of Balsamgau

House of Winzenburg 1124–1130 Hermann … son of count Hermann of Formbach; deposed, died 1137

House of Wettin 1130–1156 Konrad, the Pious … son of Thimo, son of Thimo, brother of margrave Dedo I of Lusatia;

abdicated, died 1157 1156–1190 Otto II, the Rich … son of Konrad

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1190–1195 Albrecht I, the Proud … son of Otto II 1195–1197 (to the Empire) 1197–1221 Dietrich, the Oppressed … son of Otto II 1221–1288 Heinrich III, the Illustrious … son of Dietrich 1288–1292 Albrecht II, the Degenerate … son of Heinrich III; deposed, died 1314 1292–1323 Friedrich I, the Dauntless … son of Albrecht II 1323–1349 Friedrich II, the Grave … son of Friedrich I 1349–1381 Friedrich III, the Stern … son of Friedrich II 1381–1382 Balthasar … son of Friedrich III; to Thuringia 1382–1406

& 1381–1407 Wilhelm I, the One-Eyed … son of Friedrich III 1407–1428 Friedrich IV, the Warlike … son of Friedrich III; Saxony from 1423

& 1407–1425 Wilhelm II, the Rich … son of Friedrich III 1428–1464 Friedrich V, the Mild … son of Friedrich IV 1464–1482 Ernst … son of Friedrich V; to Saxony 1482–1485 1464–1500 Albrecht III … son of Friedrich V 1500–1539 Georg … son of Albrecht III 1539–1541 Heinrich IV … son of Albrecht III 1541–1553 Moritz … son of Heinrich IV; Saxony from 1547

(union with Saxony 1553) METTERNICH

In 1637 the lords of Metternich received Winneburg and Beilstein from their uncle, the archbishop of Trier, and were promoted to counts in 1679. After Franz Georg Karl lost his lands to France by the Treaty of Lunéville in 1801, he was compensated with the secularized abbey of Ochsenhausen and the title of prince in 1803. The principality endured for three years, until it was mediatized in favor of Württemberg. The prince’s son Klemens Wenzel distinguished himself as Austria’s foreign minister for almost four decades (1809–1848) and was the architect of the Congress of Vienna. The list includes only the princely line of the family.

Lords, Counts, and Princes of Metternich

House of Metternich 1637–1652 Wilhelm … son of Johann Dietrich, brother of archbishop Lothar of Trier

& 1637–1666 Lothar … brother of Wilhelm 1652–1698 Philipp Emmerich … son of Wilhelm; count 1679 1666–1695 Diether Adolf … son of Lothar; count 1679 1698–1719 Franz Ferdinand … son of Philipp Emmerich 1719–1739 Dietrich Philipp Adolf … son of Franz Ferdinand 1739–1750 Johann Hugo Franz … son of Dietrich Philipp Adolf 1750–1806 Franz Georg Karl … son of Johann Hugo Franz; prince 1803; mediatized, died 1818

(to Württemberg 1806) MONTFORT

The Swabian counts of Montfort represent a junior branch of the counts palatine of Tübingen. The comital house separated into numerous lines, including the separate branch of the counts of Werdenberg. The counts of Montfort subdivided into branches ruling in Feldkirch/Tosters, Bregenz, and Tettnang in 1260, the first of which sold its possessions to Austria in 1375. The remaining Montfort possessions were briefly reunited by the Tettnang branch of the family in the mid-14th century, then divided for two centuries between

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Montfort/Bregenz and Tettnang. The Montfort branch survived until 1779, when it sold its lands to Austria and Württemberg. Austria had already obtained the two halves of Bregenz in 1458 and 1525. The numbering of the counts is inconsistent in the literature.

Counts of Montfort

House of Tübingen :1208–1228: Hugo I … son of count Hugo II of Tübingen

Rudolf I … son of Hugo I; to Werdenberg :1230–1243: :1230–1260 Hugo II … son of Hugo I

(division into Feldkirch/Tosters, Bregenz, and Tettnang 1260) Counts of Montfort in Feldkirch and Tosters

1260–1302 Rudolf II … son of count Hugo II of Montfort 1302–1310 Hugo III … son of Rudolf II; in Tosters 1310–1314 Berthold … son of Hugo III; in Feldkirch

& 1310–1321 Friedrich … son of Hugo III; in Tosters & 1310–1357: Hugo IV … son of Hugo III; in Tosters & 1310–1375 Rudolf III, the Elder … son of Hugo III; in Feldkirch

1375 Rudolf IV, the Younger … son of Rudolf III; in Feldkirch; sold county, died 1390 (to Austria 1375) Counts of Montfort in Bregenz and Montfort

1260–1287: Ulrich … son of count Hugo II of Montfort :1289–1338 Hugo III … son of Ulrich; sold Sigmaringen to Austria 1338–1353 (to Tettnang) 1353–1373 Wilhelm II … son of count Wilhelm I of Tettnang 1373–:1379 Wilhelm III … son of Wilhelm II :1379–1393: Konrad … son of Wilhelm III

& :1379–1423: Hugo IV … son of Wilhelm III :1399–1422 Wilhelm IV … son of Konrad 1422–1458 Elisabeth … daughter of Wilhelm IV; sold ½ Bregenz to Austria :1426–1437 Stephan … son of Hugo IV

& :1426–1434 Hermann I … son of Ulrich, son of Hugo IV 1434–1482 Hermann II … son of Hermann I

& 1434–1447 Georg I … son of Hermann I & 1434–1469 Johann I … son of Hermann I

1482–1525 Hugo V … son of Hermann II; in ½ Bregenz; sold ½ Bregenz to Austria 1525, died 1550 & 1482–1544 Georg II … son of Hermann II; in Montfort; inherited Bedach 1515 & 1482–1515 Hermann III … son of Hermann II; in Bedach

1544–1573 Jakob … son of Georg II 1573–1590 Georg III … son of Jakob; inherited Tettnang 1574

& 1573–1619 Johann II … son of Jakob & 1573–1596 Wolfgang … son of Jakob; in Pfannenberg; sold county, died 1617

1619–1625 Johann III … son of Johann II & 1619–1662 Hugo VI … son of Johann II & 1619–1641 Hermann IV … son of Johann II

1662–1686 Johann IV … son of Hugo VI

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& 1662–1706 Anton I … son of Hugo VI 1686–1730 Anton II … son of Johann IV 1706–1724 Sebastian … son of Anton I 1730–1759 Ernst Maximilian Joseph … son of Anton II 1759–1779 Franz Xaver … son of Ernst Maximilian Joseph; sold county, died 1780

& 1759–1779 Anton III … son of Ernst Maximilian Joseph; sold county, died 1787 (to Austria and Württemberg 1779) Counts of Montfort in Tettnang

1260–1309 Hugo III … son of count Hugo II of Montfort 1309–1353 Wilhelm I … son of Hugo III; inherited Tettnang 1338

Wilhelm II … son of Wilhelm I; to Bregenz 1353–1373 1353–1354 Hugo IV … son of Wilhelm I 1353–1408 Heinrich I … son of Wilhelm I 1408–1425 Rudolf I … son of Heinrich I; in Scheer

& 1408–1438: Wilhelm III … son of Heinrich I Heinrich II … son of Wilhelm III; to Werdenberg :1443–1444

:1443–1445 Rudolf II … son of Wilhelm III; in Argen :1443–1495 Ulrich I … son of Wilhelm III

Hugo V … son of Wilhelm III; to Rothenfels :1443–1491 1495–1520 Ulrich II … son of Ulrich I

(to Rothenfels 1520) Counts of Montfort in Werdenberg

:1443–1444 Heinrich II … son of count Wilhelm III of Tettnang 1444–1483 Wilhelm IV … son of Heinrich II

(to Rothenfels 1483) Counts of Montfort in Rothenfels

:1443–1491 Hugo V … son of count Wilhelm III of Tettnang; inherited Werdenberg 1483 1491–1529 Johann I … son of Hugo V; inherited Tettnang 1520

& 1491–1519 Hugo VI … son of Hugo V 1519–1547 Johann II … son of Hugo VI

& 1519–1564 Hugo VII … son of Hugo VI & 1519–1541 Wolfgang … son of Hugo VI

1564–1576 Ulrich … son of Hugo VII; sold Rothenfels to Königsegg 1567 49 (Tettnang to Montfort 1574) NAMUR

The county of Namur belonged to the duchy of Lower Lorraine. In 1189 it was conquered by count Baudouin V of Hainault, who had been promised the succession by Henri I of Namur before the latter had issue. Namur remained in the possession of the House of Hainault and its descendants until conquered by Luxembourg in 1256. The rival claims of the lines descended from the original counts of Namur and the counts of Hainault were reconciled in 1264 with Namur being ceded to Guy of Dampierre. This line held Namur until margrave Jean III sold his title and lands to the Valois duke of Burgundy in 1421, the sale becoming effective upon his

49 Baron Johann Jakob of Königsegg having married Elisabeth, daughter of count Hugo VII.

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death in 1429. Thereafter Namur shared the fate of what has become modern Belgium. Counts and Margraves of Namur

House of Lommegau 907–932: Bérenger … husband of daughter of count Régnier I of Hainault

:946–974: Robert I … son of (?) Bérenger :981–1010 Albert I … son of Robert I

1010–1018: Robert II … son of Albert I :1031–1063 Albert II … son of Albert I 1063–1102 Albert III … son of Albert II 1102–1139 Godefroy … son of Albert III 1139–1189 Henri I, the Blind … son of Godefroy I; deposed, died 1196

Flemish House of Hainault 1189–1195 Baudouin I, the Brave … son of count Baudouin IV of Hainault by Alix, daughter of

Godefroy; margrave 1190 1195–1212 Philippe I … son of Baudouin I

Capetian House of Courtenay 1212–1226 Philippe II, the Lip … son of the Latin emperor Pierre of Courtenay by Yolande, daughter

of Baudouin I 1226–1229 Henri II … brother of Philippe II 1229–1237 Marguerite … sister of Henri II; abdicated, died 1270

& 1229–1237 Henri III of Vianden … husband of Marguerite; son of count Friedrich III of Vianden; died 1252

1237–1256 Baudouin II … brother of Marguerite; deposed; Latin emperor 1237–1273 Limburg House of Luxembourg

1256–1264 Henri IV, the Blond … son of count Walram III of Limburg by Ermesinde, daughter of Henri I; abdicated, died 1281

House of Dampierre 1264–1305 Guy I … son of countess Margaretha II of Flanders by Guillaume II of Dampierre;

married Isabelle, daughter of Henri IV 1305–1330 Jean I … son of Guy 1330–1335 Jean II … son of Jean I 1335–1336 Guy II … son of Jean I 1336–1337 Philippe III … son of Jean I 1337–1391 Guillaume I, the Rich … son of Jean I 1391–1418 Guillaume II … son of Guillaume I 1418–1429 Jean III … son of Guillaume I; sold succession to the duke of Burgundy 1421

Valois House of Burgundy 1429–1467 Philippe IV, the Good … son of duke Jean II of Burgundy 1467–1477 Charles I, the Rash … son of Philippe IV 1477–1482 Marie … daughter of Charles I

Habsburg House of Austria 1482–1506 Philippe V, the Handsome … son of Marie by emperor Maximilian I; Castile 1504–1506 1506–1549 Charles II … son of Philippe V; abdicated; Castile 1506–1556; Aragón and Sicily 1516–1556;

Naples 1516–1554; Empire 1519–1558 (to the Spanish Netherlands 1549; to France 1794; to the Netherlands 1815; to Belgium 1830)

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NASSAU

The House of Nassau traces its origins to the counts of Laurenburg in western Franconia. In the middle of the 13th century the house divided between the Walramian and Ottonian lines. The Walramian count Adolf of Nassau-Wiesbaden was elected German king in 1292. The Walramian line (imperial princes from 1688) survived several divisions and its holdings were reunited in 1816 by prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Nassau-Weilburg, who became duke of Nassau in succession to his cousin Friedrich August of Nassau Usingen. In 1866 duke Adolf was deposed and Nassau was annexed by Prussia. In the 16th century the Ottonian line acquired the principality of Orange in France and then the leadership of the United Provinces under count Wilhelm the Silent. His heirs continued to rule the Netherlands, and upon their extinction it passed to the cadet line of Nassau-Dietz (renamed Orange-Nassau), which, like the other Ottonian lines, had acquired the status of imperial princes in the 1650s. By 1739 the line of Orange-Nassau had united the possessions of the Ottonian line, but in 1815 most of their German holdings were transferred to the Walramian duchy of Nassau. The kingdom of the Netherlands, including Luxemburg and what later became Belgium in 1831, remained in the hands of the House of Orange-Nassau. When the direct male line of Orange-Nassau became extinct in 1890, the Netherlands passed to female heirs while the deposed duke Adolf of Nassau became grand duke of Luxembourg in accordance with Salic Law.

Counts of Laurenburg and Nassau

House of Nassau 1093–1123 Dudo Heinrich … son of Ruprecht; count of Laurenburg 1123–1154 Ruprecht I … son of Dudo Heinrich; in Nassau

& 1123–1148: Arnold I … son of Dudo Heinrich; in Laurenburg 1154–1159 Arnold II … son of Ruprecht I

& 1154–1159 Ruprecht II … son of Ruprecht I & 1154–1198 Walram I … son of Ruprecht I

1159–1167 Heinrich I … son of Arnold I & 1159–1191 Ruprecht III, the Warlike … brother of Heinrich I

1198–1251 Heinrich II, the Rich … son of Walram I &1198–1230 Ruprecht IV … son of Walram I; abdicated, died 1239:

1251–1255 Walram II … son of Heinrich II; Walramian Line 1255–1276 & 1251–1255 Otto I … son of Heinrich II; Ottonian Line 1255–1289

(division into Walramian and Ottonian lines 1255)

Walramian Line of the House of Nassau (in Wiesbaden, Idstein, Weilburg, and Sonnenberg) 1255–1276 Walram II … son of count Heinrich II of Nassau; Nassau 1251–1255 1276–1298 Adolf I … son of Walram II; German king 1292–1298 1298–1304 Ruprecht V … son of Adolf I

& 1298–1344 Gerlach I … son of Adolf I; abdicated, died 1361 & 1298–1324 Walram III … son of Adolf I

1344–1355 Adolf II … son of Gerlach I; to Wiesbaden and Idstein 1355–1370 & 1344–1355 Johann I … son of Gerlach I; to Weilburg 1355–1371 & 1344–1355 Kraft … son of Gerlach I; to Sonnenberg 1355–1356 & 1344–1355 Ruprecht VI … son of Gerlach I; to Sonnenberg 1355–1390

(division into Wiesbaden-Idstein, Weilburg, and Sonnenberg 1355) Counts of Nassau in Wiesbaden and Idstein

1355–1370 Adolf I … son of count Gerlach I of the Walramian Line; Walramian Line 1344–1355 1370–1386 Gerlach II … son of Adolf I

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& 1370–1393 Walram II … son of Adolf I 1393–1426 Adolf II … son of Walram II 1426–1480 Johann I … son of Adolf II 1480–1511 Adolf III … son of Johann I; in Wiesbaden

& 1480–1509 Philipp I … son of Johann I; in Idstein 1511–1554 Philipp II, the Elder … son of Adolf III; abdicated, died 1558 1554–1566 Philipp III, the Younger … son of Philipp II; in Wiesbaden

& 1554–1556 Adolf IV … son of Philipp II; in Idstein 1564–1568 Balthasar … son of Philipp II; in Idstein 1564–1566 1568–1596 Johann Ludwig I … son of Balthasar 1596–1605 Johann Ludwig II … son of Johann Ludwig I 1605–1629 (to Nassau-Weilburg) 1629–1635 Johann II … son of count Ludwig II of Nassau-Weilburg; Weilburg 1627–1629; deposed 1635–1648 (to France) 1648–1677 Johann II … restored 1677–1721 Georg August Samuel … son of Johann II; prince 1688

(to Nassau-Ottweiler 1721) Counts and Princes of Nassau in Weilburg, Dukes of Nassau

1355–1371 Johann I … son of count Gerlach I of the Walramian Line; Walramian Line 1344–1355 1371–1429 Philipp I … son of Johann I; inherited Saarbrücken 1381 1429–1490 Philipp II … son of Philipp I; abdicated, died 1492

& 1429–1442 Johann II … son of Philipp I; to Saarbrücken 1442–1472 + Johann III … son of Philipp II; associated 1472–1480

1490–1523 Ludwig I … son of Johann III; associated 1480 1523–1559 Philipp III … son of Ludwig I 1559–1593 Albrecht … son of Philipp III

& 1559–1574 Philipp IV … son of Philipp III; to Saarbrücken 1574–1602 1593–1627 Ludwig II … son of Albrecht; to Weilnau and Ottweiler 1593–1597

& 1593–1597 Wilhelm … son of Albrecht; in Weilburg and Merenberg & 1593–1602 Johann Kasimir … son of Albrecht; in Gleiberg and Kirchheim

1627–1629 Wilhelm Ludwig … son of Ludwig II; to Saarbrücken and Ottweiler 1629–1640 & 1627–1629 Johann IV … son of Ludwig II; to Wiesbaden and Idstein 1629–1677 & 1627–1655 Ernst Kasimir … son of Ludwig II; to Weilburg 1629–1655 & 1627–1629 Otto … son of Ludwig II; to Kirchheim 1629–1632

1655–1675 Friedrich … son of Ernst Kasimir 1675–1719 Johann Ernst … son of Friedrich; prince 1688 (did not assume title)

& 1675–1684 Friedrich Wilhelm … son of Friedrich 1719–1753 Karl August … son of Johann Ernst; prince 1737 1753–1788 Karl Christian … son of Karl August 1788–1816 Friedrich Wilhelm … son of Karl Christian 1816–1839 Wilhelm … son of Friedrich Wilhelm; duke of Nassau 1816 1839–1866 Adolf … son of Wilhelm; deposed, grand duke of Luxembourg 1890–1905

(to Prussia 1866) Counts of Nassau in Saarbrücken

1442–1472 Johann II … son of count Philipp I of Nassau-Weilburg; Nassau-Weilburg 1429–1442

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1472–1544 Johann Ludwig I … son of Johann II; abdicated, died 1545 1544–1554 Philipp I … son of Johann Ludwig I

& 1544–1574 Johann III … son of Johann Ludwig I; to Saarwerden 1544–1556, 1559–1574, and Ottweiler-Homburg 1547–1554

& 1544–1547 Adolf … son of Johann Ludwig I; to Kirchheim 1547–1559; Saarwerden 1556–1559 1574–1602 Philipp II … son of count Philipp III of Nassau-Weilburg; Weilburg 1559–1574 1602–1629 (to Nassau-Weilburg) 1629–1640 Wilhelm Ludwig … son of count Ludwig II of Nassau-Weilburg; Weilburg 1627–1629 1640–1642 Kraft … son of Wilhelm Ludwig

& 1640–1659 Johann Ludwig II … son of Wilhelm Ludwig; to Ottweiler 1659–1680, died 1690 & 1640–1677 Gustav Adolf … son of Wilhelm Ludwig & 1640–1659 Wolrad … son of Wilhelm Ludwig; to Usingen 1659–1702; prince 1688

1677–1713 Ludwig Kraft I … son of Gustav Adolf 1713–1723 Karl Ludwig … son of Gustav Adolf 1723–1735 (to Nassau-Ottweiler) 1735–1768 Wilhelm Heinrich II … posthumous son of prince Wilhelm Heinrich I of Nassau-Usingen,

son of Wolrad; Usingen 1718–1735 1768–1793 Ludwig Kraft II … son of Wilhelm Heinrich II; deposed, died 1794

(to France 1793; to Prussia 1815) Counts of Nassau in Ottweiler

1629–1659 (to Nassau-Saarbrücken) 1659–1680 Johann Ludwig II … son of count Wilhelm Ludwig of Nassau-Saarbrücken; Saarbrücken

1640–1659; abdicated, died 1690 1680–1728 Friedrich Ludwig … son of Johann Ludwig II

(to Nassau-Usingen 1728) Counts of Nassau in Usingen, Dukes of Nassau

1629–1659 (to Nassau-Saarbrücken) 1659–1702 Wolrad … son of count Wilhelm Ludwig of Nassau-Saarbrücken; Saarbrücken 1640–1659;

prince 1688 1702–1718 Wilhelm Heinrich I … son of Wolrad 1718–1775 Karl … son of Wilhelm Heinrich I

& 1718–1735 Wilhelm Heinrich II … posthumous son of Wilhelm Heinrich I; to Saarbrücken 1735–1768 1775–1803 Karl Wilhelm … son of Karl 1803–1816 Friedrich August … son of Karl; duke of Nassau 1806

(to Nassau-Weilburg 1816)

Ottonian Line of the House of Nassau (in Siegen, Hadamar, Dillenburg, and Beilstein) 1255–1289 Otto I … son of count Heinrich II of Nassau; Nassau 1251–1255 1289–1303 Heinrich III … son of Otto I; to Siegen 1303–1343

& 1289–1303 Emich I … son of Otto I; to Hadamar 1303–1334 & 1289–1303 Johann … son of Otto I; to Dillenburg and Beilstein 1303–1328

(division into Siegen, Hadamar, and Dillenburg-Beilstein 1303) Counts of Nassau in Siegen

1303–1343 Heinrich I … son of count Otto I of the Ottonian Line; Ottonian Line 1289–1303 1343–1344 Otto II … son of Heinrich III; to Dillenburg-Siegen 1344–1350:

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& 1343–1344 Heinrich II … son of Heinrich III; to Beilstein 1344–1378: (division into Dillenburg-Siegen and Beilstein 1344) Counts of Nassau in Dillenburg and Siegen

1344–1350: Otto … son of count Heinrich I of Nassau-Siegen; Siegen 1343–1344 :1351–1416 Johann I … son of Otto 1416–1420 Adolf … son of Johann I

& 1416–1443 Johann II, the Helmeted … son of Johann I; in Dietz 1425 & 1416–1442 Engelbert I … son of Johann I; in Herborn and Hadamar 1425 & 1416–1442 Johann III … son of Johann I; in Haiger 1425

1442–1475 Johann IV … son of Engelbert I; in Breda & 1442–1450 Heinrich II … son of Engelbert I; in Dillenburg and Siegen

1475–1504 Engelbert II … son of Johann IV, in Breda and the Netherlands & 1475–1516 Johann V … son of Johann IV; in Dillenburg and Siegen

1516–1538 Heinrich III … son of Johann V; in Breda and the Netherlands since 1504 & 1516–1559 Wilhelm I, the Rich … son of Johann V; in Dillenburg and Siegen

1559–1584 Wilhelm II, the Silent … son of Wilhelm I; in Breda and the Netherlands & 1559–1606 Johann VI, the Elder … son of Wilhelm I

1606–1607 Wilhelm Ludwig … son of Johann VI; to Dillenburg 1607–1620 & 1606–1607 Johann VII, the Middle … son of Johann VI; to Siegen 1607–1623 & 1606–1607 Georg … son of Johann VI; to Beilstein 1607–1620; to Dillenburg 1620–1623 & 1606–1607 Ernst Kasimir … son of Johann VI; to Dietz 1607–1632 & 1606–1607 Johann Ludwig … son of Johann VI; to Hadamar 1607–1653

(division into Dillenburg, Siegen, Beilstein, Dietz, and Hadamar 1607) Counts and Princes of Nassau in Dillenburg

1607–1620 Wilhelm Ludwig … son of count Johann VI of Nassau-Dillenburg-Siegen; Dillenburg and Siegen 1606–1607

1620–1623 Georg … brother of Wilhelm Ludwig; in Beilstein 1607–1620 1623–1662 Ludwig Heinrich … son of Georg; prince 1652

& 1623–1626 Albrecht … son of Georg 1662–1701 Heinrich … son of Georg Ludwig, son of Ludwig Heinrich

+ Adolf … son of Ludwig Heinrich; in Holzapfel-Schaumburg 1653–1676 1701–1724 Wilhelm … son of Heinrich 1724–1739 Christian … son of Heinrich

(to Nassau-Dietz 1739) Counts and Princes of Nassau in Siegen

1607–1623 Johann VII, the Middle … son of count Johann VI of Nassau-Dillenburg-Siegen; Dillenburg and Siegen 1606–1607

1623–1638 Johann VIII, the Younger … son of Johann VII & 1623–1642 Wilhelm … son of Johann VII & 1623–1679 Johann Moritz … son of Johann VII; prince 1664 & 1623–1674 Georg Friedrich … son of Johann VII; prince 1664

1638–1699 Johann Franz … son of Johann VIII; prince 1652 1699–1706 Wilhelm Hyacinth … son of Johann Franz; deposed 1706–1726 (to the Empire)

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1726–1743 Wilhelm Hyacinth … restored (to Nassau-Dillenburg 1743) Counts and Prince of Nassau-Siegen in Wisch

1623–1652 Heinrich … son of count Johann VII of Nassau-Siegen 1652–1691 Wilhelm Moritz … son of Heinrich; prince 1664 1691–1722 Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf … son of Wilhelm Moritz 1722–1734 Friedrich Wilhelm … son of Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf

(to Nassau-Dillenburg 1734) Counts and Princes of Nassau in Dietz (Diez)

1607–1632 Ernst Kasimir … son of count Johann VI of Nassau-Dillenburg-Siegen; Dillenburg and Siegen 1606–1607

1632–1640 Heinrich Kasimir I … son of Ernst Kasimir & 1632–1664 Wilhelm Friedrich … son of Ernst Kasimir; prince 1654

1664–1696 Heinrich Kasimir II … son of Wilhelm Friedrich 1696–1711 Johann Wilhelm Friso … son of Heinrich Kasimir II 1711–1751 Wilhelm Friso … posthumous son of Johann Wilhelm Friso; Netherlands 1747–1751 1751–1806 Wilhelm … son of Wilhelm Friso; Netherlands 1751–1795; deposed, died 1806

(to France 1806; to the duchy of Nassau 1815; to Prussia 1866) Counts of Nassau in Hadamar

1303–1334 Emich I … son of count Otto I of the Ottonian Line; Ottonian Line 1289–1303 1334–1364: Johann … son of Emich I 1337–1359 Emich II … son of Emich I

:1365–1367: Heinrich … son of Johann & :1365–1394: Emich III … son of Johann

1394:–1607 (to Nassau-Dillenburg-Siegen) 1607–1653 Johann Ludwig … son of count Johann VI of Nassau-Dillenburg-Siegen; Dillenburg and

Siegen 1606–1607; prince 1650 1653–1679 Moritz Heinrich … son of Johann Ludwig 1679–1711 Franz Alexander … son of Moritz Heinrich

(to Nassau-Dillenburg and Nassau-Dietz 1711; to Nassau-Dietz 1739) Counts of Nassau in Beilstein

1344–1378: Heinrich I … son of count Heinrich I of Nassau-Siegen :1380–1412: Heinrich II … son of Heinrich I

& :1380–:1412 Reinhard … son of Heinrich I; in Liebenscheid 1412:–1473 Johann I … son of Heinrich II

& 1412:–1477 Heinrich III … son of Johann II; in Liebenscheid 1425 1473–1499 Heinrich IV … son of Johann I 1499–1513 Johann II … son of Heinrich IV

& 1499–1556 Bernhard … son of Heinrich IV; in Lahr 1514; in Liebenscheid 1537 1513–1561 Johann III … son of Johann II

(to Nassau-Dillenburg-Siegen 1561)

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Counts of Nassau in Breda, Princes of Orange 1405–1442 Englebert I … son of count Johann I of Nassau-Dillenburg 1442–1475 Johann … son of Engelbert I 1475–1504 Engelbert II … son of Johann 1504–1538 Heinrich … son of count Johann V of Nassau-Dillenburg, son of Johann 1538–1544 Renatus … son of Heinrich; prince of Orange 1530 1544–1584 Wilhelm I, the Silent … son of count Wilhelm I of Nassau-Dillenburg, brother of Heinrich;

Netherlands 1581–1584 1584–1618 Philipp Wilhelm … son of Wilhelm I 1618–1625 Moritz … son of Wilhelm I; Netherlands 1585–1625 1625–1647 Friedrich Heinrich … son of Wilhelm I; Netherlands 1625–1647 1647–1650 Wilhelm II … son of Friedrich Heinrich; Netherlands 1647–1650 1650–1702 Wilhelm III … posthumous son of Wilhelm II; Netherlands 1672–1702; England,

Scotland, and Ireland 1689–1702; principality of Orange lost to France 1673 (to Nassau-Dietz 1702) NEUENAHR

The county of Neuenahr south of Bonn on the Rhine was hemmed-in between the archbishoprics of Cologne in the north and Trier in the south. Its original ruling lineage became extinct in the male line in c.1360 and the county passed by marriage to the lord of Saffenberg. The county passed, again by marriage, to the counts of nearby Virneburg in 1426. On the extinction of this line in 1545, the archbishop of Cologne, as overlord of the county, granted it to the duke of Jülich-Cleves, who united it with Jülich.

Counts of Neuenahr

House of Ahr :1225–1231: Otto … son of count Gerhard of Ahr and Nürnburg :1240–1266: Gerhard … son of Otto :1270–:1276 Dietrich … son of Gerhard :1276–1322: Wilhelm I … son of Dietrich :1327–1330: Wilhelm II … son of Wilhem I :1336–1351: Wilhelm III … son of Wilhelm II :1353–1359: Kraft … son of Wilhelm I :1360–1393: Katharina … daughter of Wilhelm III

House of Saffenberg & :1369–1397 Johann I … married Katharina; son of Konrad II of Saffenberg

1397–:1413 Johann II … son of Johann I and Katharina & 1397–1426 Wilhelm IV … son of Johann I and Katharina

House of Virneburg 1426–1443 Philipp I … husband of Katharina, daughter of Wilhelm IV; son of count Adolf of Virneburg 1443–1459 Ruprecht I … son of Philipp I 1459–1522: Philipp II … son of Ruprecht I :1525–1534 Ruprecht III … son of Philipp II 1534–1545 Konrad (Kuno) … son of Philipp II

(to Jülich 1545; divided between Brandenburg and the Palatinate-Neuburg 1609; to the Palatinate-Neuburg 1614, united with the Palatinate 1685, and with Bavaria 1777; to France 1794; to Prussia 1815)

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NORDGAU / LOWER ALSACE (NIEDER-ELSASS)

Under the Merovingian and Carolingian kings of the Franks, the region of Alsace (Elsaß) west of the Rhine was entrusted to dukes, mostly from the Etichonid family. Although the Etichonids seem to have retained their regional importance as counts in both Upper Alsace (Sundgau) and Lower Alsace (Nordgau), they lost the ducal office in 742. Hugo, a bastard son of king Lothar II of Lorraine, was invested as duke by his father in 867, but was blinded and deposed by his cousin Karl III the Fat in 885. Subsequently Alsace was attached to the duchy of Swabia. A line of Etichonid-descended counts emerged as hereditary rulers in most of Nordgau by the late 9th century. Count Hugo VI had the distinction of being the father of Pope Leo IX. Although their descendants retained the counties of Egisheim and Dagsburg, after 1089 authority over Nordgau passed to the House of Hüneburg, who were eventually titled landgraves in Lower Alsace. After the extinction of this line, the landgraviate was entrusted to the House of Werd in 1196, and passed by marriage to the House of Öttingen in 1344. Ludwig X of Öttingen sold the landgraviate to the bishop of Strasbourg in 1358.

Counts in Nordgau, landgraves of Lower Alsace

Etichonid House of Egisheim :886–898: Eberhard III … son of count Eberhard II; count in Nordgau :900–940 Hugo III … son of Eberhard III 940–951 Eberhard IV … son of Hugo III; abdicated, died 972/973

& 940–959: Hugo IV … son of Hugo III 951–984: Hugo V, the Hoarse … son of Eberhard IV

:986–1016 Eberhard V … son of Hugo V 1016–c.1038 Hugo VI … son of Hugo V c.1038–:1049 Gerhard I … son of Hugo VI

& c.1038–1046: Hugo VII50 … son of Hugo VI :1049–1063 Heinrich … son of Hugo VII 1063–1074 Gerhard II … son of Heinrich; in Egisheim; to Egisheim 1074–1098: 1074–1089 Hugo VIII … son of Heinrich; in Dagsburg

House of Bliesgau-Hüneburg :1098–1127: Gottfried I … son of count Gottfried of Bliesgau :1135–1148: Dietrich … son of Gottfried I; landgrave in Lower Alsace by 1135 :1148–1175: Gottfried II … son of Dietrich 1175:–1192 (to the Empire)

House of Werd 1196–1226: Sigebert … son of count Sigebert III of Werd :1229–1238 Heinrich I … son of Sigebert 1239–1278 Heinrich II Sigebert … posthumous son of Heinrich I 1278–1308 Johann … son of Heinrich II Sigebert 1308–1344 Ulrich … son of Heinrich II Sigebert

House of Öttingen 1344–1357 Friedrich … husband of Adelheid, daughter of Ulrich; son of count Friedrich I of Öttingen 1357–1358 Ludwig … son of Friedrich; sold rights, died 1370

(landgraviate sold to the bishop of Strasbourg 1358) NORDMARK

The Saxon North March (Nordmark) was Slavic territory taken by the East Frankish (German) kingdom in

50 In older lists Hugo VI and Hugo VII are mistaken for the same person.

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the 920s. From 936 it formed part of a large march of margrave Gero, but on his death in 965 it emerged as a separate march alongside Meissen (Meißen), Lusatia (Lausitz), Merseburg, and Zeitz. A Slavic revolt led by the Liutizi obliterated most of the march in 983, and it only after the Crusade against the Wends in 1147 that its territory was fully regained. By then the Nordmark had become the Ascanian march of Brandenburg.

Margraves of Nordmark

House of Haldensleben 965–983 Dietrich … son of (?) count Bernhard of Borghorst 983–985 (to Poland)

House of Merseburg 985–993 Hodo … son of (?) margrave Gero, son of count Thietmar of Merseburg

House of Walbeck 993–1003 Lothar … son of count Lothar II of Walbeck

1003–1009 Werner … son of Lothar; deposed, died 1014 House of Haldensleben

1009–1018: Bernhard I … son of Dietrich 1018:–1044: Bernhard II … son of Bernhard I :1051–1056 Wilhelm … son of Bernhard II

House of Stade 1056–1057 Lothar Udo I … son of count Siegfried II of Stade 1057–1082 Lothar Udo II … son of Lothar Udo I 1082–1087 Heinrich I, the Tall … son of Lothar Udo II 1087–1106 Lothar Udo III … son of Lothar Udo II 1106–1112 Rudolf I … son of Lothar Udo II; deposed

House of Plötzkau 1112–1113 Helperich … son of count Dietrich of Plötzkau; deposed, died 1118

House of Stade 1113–1114 Rudolf I … restored; deposed, died 1124 1114–1128 Heinrich II … son of Lothar Udo III; associated since 1106 1128–1130 Lothar Udo IV … son of Rudolf I

House of Plötzkau 1130–1133 Konrad, Flower of Saxony … son of Helperich

House of Stade 1133–1134 Rudolf II … son of Rudolf I; deposed; retained Dithmarschen 1134–1144

(to Brandenburg 1134) NORTHEIM

The Saxon county of Northeim was held by important and ambitious lords by the 11th century. Count Otto I briefly ruled Bavaria, and his son Heinrich the Fat, Frisia. The counts opposed the emperor Heinrich IV, and the first non-dynastic emperor, Lothar of Supplinburg, had married into the family. The county passed into the hands of his Welf grandson Heinrich the Lion and, after the dissolution of the old duchy of Saxony in 1180, it became a cornerstone of the remaining Welf possessions in Saxony, the future Brunswick-Lüneburg.

Counts of Northeim

House of Northeim :983–1004 Siegfried … son of (?) count Otto; count of Northeim

1004–c.1049 Bernhard (Benno) … son of Siegfried c.1049–1083 Otto I … son of Bernhard

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1083–1101 Heinrich I, the Fat … son of Otto I Kuno … son of Otto I; count of Beichlingen 1087–1103

1101–1117 Otto II … son of Heinrich I 1117–1141 Richenza … daughter of Heinrich I

& 1117–1137 Lothar of Supplinburg … husband of Richenza; son of count Gebhard of Supplinburg; German king 1125–1137

Supplinburg House of Saxony 1141–1143 Gertrud … daughter of Lothar and Richenza

Welf House of Saxony 1143–1195 Heinrich II, the Lion … son of Gertrud by duke Heinrich II of Saxony

(to future Brunswick-Lüneburg 1180) Counts of Boyneburg

House of Northeim 1083–1107 Siegfried I … son of count Otto I of Northeim 1107–1144 Siegfried II … son of Siegfried I

(to the Empire 1144) NÜRNBERG

In the 12th century the prosperous city of Nürnberg was governed, together with a sizable territory, by a line of burgraves from the family of Raabs. On the extinction of the male line of that house in c.1191, the burgraviate passed to Friedrich III of Zollern, the son-in-law of the previous burgrave. Although this was one of the first major steps in the advancement of the Hohenzollerns, the authority of the burgraves over the city diminished after Nürnberg was declared a free imperial city in 1219. Nevertheless, the Hohenzollern burgraves secured additional lands, like Bayreuth, Ansbach, and Kulmbach. In 1363 the burgrave Friedrich V was promoted to imperial prince by the emperor Karl IV. Friedrich V’s son, Friedrich VI, who was invested as margrave and later elector of Brandenburg, finally sold the burgraviate itself to the city of Nürnberg in 1427, but retained the more extensive lands of Ansbach, Bayreuth, and Kulmbach. These eventually evolved into the margraviates of Brandenburg-Ansbach and Brandenburg-Bayreuth.

Burgraves of Nürnberg

House of Raabs 1105–c.1137 Gottfried I … son of Gottdied I of Raabs

c.1137–c.1143 Konrad I … brother of Gottfried I; associated 1105 c.1143–c.1160 Gottfried II … son of Gottfried I c.1160–c.1191 Konrad II … son of Konrad I

House of Hohenzollern c.1191–c.1200 Friedrich I … husband of Sophia, daughter of Konrad II; son of count Friedrich II of Zollern

c.1200–1226 Friedrich II, the Admiral … son of Friedrich I; to Hohenzollern 1226–1251: & c.1200–1261: Konrad I … son of Friedrich I

:1262–1297 Friedrich III, the Heir … son of Konrad I; inherited Bayreuth 1248 & :1262–1314 Konrad II, the Pious … son of Konrad I

1297–1300 Johann I … son of Friedrich III & 1297–1332 Friedrich IV … son of Friedrich III; purchased Ansbach 1331

1332–1357 Johann II, the Conqueror … son of Friedrich IV; inherited Kulmbach 1340 & 1332–1334 Konrad III … son of Friedrich IV & 1332–1361 Albrecht, the Handsome … son of Friedrich IV

1357–1397 Friedrich V … son of Johann II; prince 1363

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1397–1420 Johann III … son of Friedrich V; in Bayreuth and Kulmbach 1398 & 1397–1427 Friedrich VI … son of Friedrich V; in Ansbach 1398; margrave of Brandenburg 1415–1440;

elector of Brandenburg 1417–1440; Bayreuth and Kulmbach 1420 (burgraviate to Nürnberg 1427; Ansbach, Bayreuth, and Kulmbach to Brandenburg) OLDENBURG

The county of Oldenburg in Lower Saxony became an immediate imperial holding in 1180, after the deposition of Heinrich the Lion as duke of Saxony and the dismemberment of the duchy. In the second half of the 13th century the family divided between the lines of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst, which were reunited by marriage into the line of Oldenburg. Count Dietrich of Oldenburg thus brought under his rule all of the house’s possessions by 1434. By a second marriage Dietrich ensured his son Christian VI the succession to the duchy of Schleswig and the county of Holstein, and Christian’s own marriage to the widowed queen of Denmark and Norway helped secure his election to the thrones of these kingdoms. In 1454 Christian left the county of Oldenburg to his younger brother Gerhard and the county of Delmenhorst to his brother Moritz. On the extinction of the legitimate line of the House of Oldenburg in 1667, the county passed to the surviving Danish and Holstein-Gottorp branches of the family. In 1773 a cadet line of the ducal House of Holstein-Gottorp acquired Oldenburg as a duchy, which became part of the German Empire in 1871.

Counts of Oldenburg

House of Oldenburg 1088–c.1108 Egilmar I … count in Lerigau

c.1108–c.1142 Egilmar II … son of Egilmar I; count of Oldenburg c.1142–1148 Heinrich I … son of Egilmar II; to Wildeshausen 1148–1167 (line extinct 1384)

& c.1142–1167 Christian I, the Warlike … son of Egilmar II 1167–1209 Moritz I … son of Christian I 1209–1251 Otto I … son of Moritz I

& 1209–1233 Christian II … son of Moritz I 1233–1263: Johann I … son of Christian II

1251–c.1255 Heinrich II … son of Otto I :1272–1285 Christian III … son of Johann I 1285–1316 Johann II … son of Christian III 1316–1323: Christian IV … son of Johann II

& 1316–1344 Johann III … son of Johann II & 1316–1347 Konrad I … son of Johann II 1344–c.1356 Johann IV … son of Johann III

& 1344–1401 Konrad II … son of Konrad I 1350–1399 Christian V … son of Konrad I 1399–1440 Dietrich, the Lucky … son of Christian V 1401–1420 Moritz II … son of Konrad II 1440–1450 Christian VI … son of Dietrich; abdicated; Denmark 1448–1481; Norway 1450–1481;

Sweden 1457–1464 1450–1463 Moritz III … son of Dietrich; to Delmenhorst 1463–1464

& 1450–1483 Gerhard, the Warlike … son of Dietrich; in Oldenburg 1463; abdicated, died 1500 1483–1495 Adolf … son of Gerhard; abdicated, died 1500 51

& 1483–1492 Christian VII … son of Gerhard & 1483–1526 Johann V … son of Gerhard

51 In captivity 1483–1485.

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& 1483–1500 Otto II … son of Gerhard 1526–1529 Johann VI … son of Johann V; deposed, died 1548

& 1526–1529 Georg … son of Johann V; died 1551 & 1526–1529 Christoph … son of Johann V; died 1566 & 1526–1573 Anton I (Tönjes) … son of Johann V

1573–1603 Johann VII … son of Anton I & 1573–1577 Anton II … son of Anton I; to Delmenhorst 1577–1619

1603–1667 Anton Günther … son of Johann VII 1667–1773 (to Denmark and Holstein Gottorp 1667; to Holstein-Gottorp 1676; to Denmark 1702)

Dukes of Oldenburg

1773–1785 Friedrich August … son of Christian August, son of duke Christian Albrecht of Holstein-Gottorp 1785–1806 Friedrich Wilhelm … son of Friedrich August; deposed 1806–1807 (to France and Holland) 1807–1810 Friedrich Wilhelm … restored; deposed 1810–1815 (to France) 1815–1823 Friedrich Wilhelm … restored 1823–1829 Peter I (Peter Friedrich Ludwig) … son of Georg Ludwig, brother of Friedrich August 1829–1853 August I (Paul Friedrich August) … son of Peter I 1853–1900 Peter II (Nikolaus Friedrich Peter) … son of August I 1900–1918 August II (August Friedrich) … son of Peter II; deposed, died 1931

(to Germany 1918) Counts of Oldenburg in Delmenhorst

:1272–1304 Otto I … son of count Johann I of Oldenburg 1304–1347: Johann I … son of Otto I

& 1304–1354: Christian I, the Elder … son of Otto I :1348–1367 Christian II, the Younger … son of Johann I

:1355–c.1374 Otto II … son of Christian I & :1355–c.1374 Christian III … son of Christian I; abdicated, died 1391

1367–1418 Otto III … son of Christian II 1418–1434 Nikolaus … son of Otto III; abdicated, died 1447 1434–1463 (to Oldenburg) 1463–1464 Moritz … son of count Dietrich of Oldenburg; Oldenburg 1450–1463 1464–1483 Jakob … son of Moritz; deposed, died 1486 1483–1577 (to the bishopric of Münster 1483; to Oldenburg 1547) 1577–1619 Anton … son of count Anton I of Oldenburg; Oldenburg 1573–1577 1619–1622 Anton Heinrich … son of Anton

& 1619–1647 Christian IV … son of Anton (to Oldenburg 1647) ORTENBERG/ORTENBURG

A branch of the Sponheim family established itself in Lower Bavaria and in Carinthia and Carniola. Several members of the family served as dukes of Carinthia and margraves of Carniola and Istria. On the abdication of Engelbert II in 1135, his fours sons divided his lands, Rapoto I taking Ortenberg. The county took its name from Ortenberg (Ortenburg from 1530), built in c.1120 in eastern Bavaria. The counts ruled several enclaves within the duchy of Bavaria and, for awhile, served as counts palatine of Bavaria. They strove to preserve an

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uneasy independence between Austria and Bavaria, and were considered immediate vassals of the emperor, even after embracing Protestantism. In 1805 count Joseph Karl sold the county to Bavaria. Unlike many other German princes, the counts of Ortenburg adopted the seniorate principle of succession; the list includes only the senior, reigning counts. The family’s relation, if any, to the Carinthian Ortenburgs is unknown.

Counts of Ortenberg/Ortenburg

House of Sponheim c.1040–1065 Siegfried … margrave of the Hungarian March 1045–1048

1065–1096 Engelbert I … son of Siegfried 1096–1135 Engelbert II … son of Engelbert I; Istria 1107–1124; Carniola 1112–1124; Carinthia

1123–1135; abdicated, died 1141 1135–1186 Rapoto I … son of Engelbert II; obtained Murach 1163; Kraiburg 1173 1186–1231 Rapoto II … son of Rapoto I; in Kraiburg; count palatine of Bavaria

& 1186–1241 Heinrich I … son of Rapoto I; in Murach 1231–1248 Rapoto III … son of Rapoto II; in Kraiburg; count palatine of Bavaria 1241–1257 Heinrich II, the Giver … son of Heinrich I 1257–1275 Gebhard … son of Heinrich I 1275–1296 Rapoto IV … son of Heinrich I 1296–1345 Heinrich III … son of Rapoto IV 1345–1395 Heinrich IV … son of Heinrich III 1395–1422 Georg I … son of Heinrich IV 1422–1444 Etzel I … son of Heinrich IV 1444–1460 Alram II … son of count Alram I of Dorfbach, son of Heinrich IV 1460–1488 Georg II … son of count Heinrich V of Neu-Ortenberg, son of Georg I 1488–1490 Sebastian I, the Fighter … brother of Georg II 1490–1519 Wolfgang … son of Georg II 1519–1524 Ulrich II … son of Sebastian I 1524–1551 Christoph I … son of Sebastian I 1551–1600 Joachim … son of Christoph I 1600–1603 Heinrich VII … son of count Johann III, son of count Alexander, son of Ulrich II 1603–1627 Georg IV … son of count Ulrich III, son of count Alexander, son of Ulrich II 1627–1658 Friedrich Kasimir … son of Heinrich VII 1658–1666 Georg Reinhard … son of Georg IV 1666–1684 Christian … son of Georg IV 1684–1702 Georg Philipp … son of Georg Reinhard 1702–1725 Johann Georg … son of Georg Philipp 1725–1776 Karl III … son of Johann Georg 1776–1787 Karl Albrecht … son of Karl III 1787–1805 Joseph Karl … son of Karl Albrecht; abdicated, died 1831

(to Bavaria 1805) OSTFRIESLAND

Ostfriesland (East Frisia) was originally divided into three counties belonging to the duchy of Lower Lorraine. By the 13th century, all three were ruled by the bishops of Münster and Hamburg-Bremen. Actual authority was delegated to a plethora of local chieftains. Among these, the Cirksena House of Greetsyl acquired preeminence through annexation and profitable marriages. In 1464 Ulrich I was invested as count of Ostfriesland by the emperor, and the family retained the county until its extinction in 1744. Ostfriesland then

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passed to the Hohenzollern House of Brandenburg-Prussia, in accordance with a succession arrangement concluded in 1694. In 1807 Prussia had to cede the county to Holland, and in 1810 it was annexed by France. The Congress of Vienna awarded Ostfriesland to Hanover in 1815, and in 1866 it passed to Prussia.

Lords, Counts, and Princes of Ostfriesland

Cirksena House of Greetsyl 1450–1466 Ulrich I … son of Edzard Cirksena; count 1464 1466–1491 Enno I … son of Ulrich I 1491–1528 Edzard I, the Great … son of Ulrich I 1528–1540 Enno II … son of Edzard I 1540–1599 Edzard II … son of Enno II

+ Johann … son of Enno II; associated 1561–1591 1599–1625 Enno III … son of Edzard II 1625–1628 Rudolf Christian … son of Enno III 1628–1648 Ulrich II … son of Enno III 1648–1660 Enno Ludwig … son of Ulrich II; prince 1654 1660–1665 Georg Christian … son of Ulrich II; hereditary prince 1662 1665–1708 Christian Eberhard … posthumous son of Georg Christian 1708–1734 Georg Albrecht … son of Christian Eberhard 1734–1744 Karl Edzard … son of Georg Albrecht

(to Brandenburg-Prussia 1744; to Holland 1807; to France 1810; to Hanover 1815; to Prussia 1866)

ÖTTINGEN

The counts of Öttingen on the Danube in western Bavaria and in northeastern Swabia divided and redivided their possessions among several branches of the family, until they were reunited for almost a decade by count Ludwig XV in 1549. On his death in 1557, the family lands were divided into two major branches, the Protestant Öttingen and Catholic Wallerstein, the latter subdividing further in 1602. Albrecht Ernst I of Öttingen was promoted to prince in 1674, but this branch of the family became extinct in 1731. The counts of Öttingen-Spielberg and Öttingen-Wallerstein were likewise promoted to princes, but later, in the 18th century. In 1806 the two surviving principalities were mediatized, and their lands passed under the control of Bavaria. The list includes only those family lines that attained princely rank.

Counts of Öttingen

House of Öttingen 1313–1378 Ludwig IX … son of count Friedrich I of Öttingen

& 1313–1357 Friedrich II … brother of Ludwig IX; landgrave of Nordgau 1344–1357 1357–1370 Ludwig X … son of Friedrich II; landgrave of Nordgau 1357–1359 1370–1440 Ludwig XI, the Bearded … son of Ludwig X; in Flochberg 1410

& 1370–1423 Friedrich III … son of Ludwig X; in Wallerstein 1410 + Ludwig XII … son of Ludwig XI; associated 1410–1422 + Friedrich IV … son of Friedrich III; associated 1410–1422, died 143952

1423–1443 Johann I, the Solemn … son of Friedrich III; to Alt-Wallerstein 1443–1449 & 1423–1443 Wilhelm I … son of Friedrich III; to Öttingen 1443–1467 & 1423–1443 Ulrich … son of Friedrich III; to Flochberg 1443–1477

(division into Alt-Wallerstein, Flochberg, and Öttingen 1443) 52 In Bavarian captivity since 1422.

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Counts of Öttingen in Alt-Wallerstein

1443–1449 Johann I, the Solemn … son of Friedrich III of Öttingen; Öttingen 1423–1443 1449–1486 Ludwig XIII … son of Johann I 1486–1487 Magdalena … daughter of Ludwig XIII; sold county, died 1525

(to Bavaria 1487–1492; divided between Flochberg and Öttingen 1493) Counts of Öttingen in Flochberg to 1488, then Wallerstein

1443–1477 Ulrich … son of Friedrich III of Öttingen; Öttingen 1423–1443 1477–1520 Joachim … son of Ulrich; Wallerstein from 1488 1520–1549 Martin … son of Joachim

& 1520–1548 Ludwig XIV … son of Joachim (to Öttingen 1549) Counts of Öttingen in Öttingen

1443–1467 Wilhelm I … son of Friedrich III of Öttingen; Öttingen 1423–1443 1467–1522 Wolfgang I, the Fair … son of Wilhelm I

& 1467–1519 Johann II … son of Wilhelm I 1522–1549 Karl Wolfgang … son of Wolfgang I

& 1522–1557 Ludwig XV … son of Wolfgang I (division into Öttingen and Wallerstein 1557 53) Counts and Princes of Öttingen in Öttingen

1557–1569 Ludwig XVI … son of count Ludwig XV of Öttingen 1569–1622 Gottfried … son of Ludwig XVI 1622–1659 Joachim Ernst … son of Ludwig Eberhard, son of Gottfried 1659–1660 Kraft Ludwig … son of Joachim Ernst 1660–1683 Albrecht Ernst I … son of Joachim Ernst; prince 1674 1683–1731 Albrecht Ernst II … son of Albrecht Ernst I

(to Wallerstein and Spielberg 1731) Counts and Princes of Öttingen in Wallerstein

1557–1579 Friedrich V … son of count Ludwig XV of Öttingen; husband of Euphrosine, daughter of Martin of Wallerstein

1579–1602 Wilhelm II … son of Friedrich V 1602–1670 Ernst II … son of Wolfgang III, son of Wilhelm II; retained Wallerstein 1602 1670–1692 Wilhelm IV … son of Ernst II 1692–1708 Wolfgang IV … son of Ernst II 1708–1728 Franz Ignaz Joseph … son of Wolfgang IV 1728–1738 Anton Karl … son of Philipp Karl, son of Ernst II; inherited 2/3 Öttingen 1731 1738–1744 Johann Karl Friedrich … son of Anton Karl 1744–1745 Maximilian Ignaz Philipp … son of Johann Karl Friedrich 1745–1766 Philipp Karl … son of Anton Karl 1766–1802 Kraft Ernst … son of Philipp Karl; prince 1774; inherited Baldern and Katzenstein 1798

53 Other sons of Ludwig XV included Wolfgang II (1557–1572:), Wilhelm (1557–1561), Karl Ludwig (1557–1563), and Lothar (1557–1563), but although the first and last married, neither established a lasting branch of the family.

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1802–1806 Ludwig Kraft … son of Kraft Ernst; mediatized, died 1870 (to Bavaria 1806; divided between Bavaria and Württemberg 1810) Counts and Princes of Öttingen in Spielberg

1602–1614 Maximilian Wilhelm … son of Wilhelm III, son of count Wilhelm II of Öttingen-Wallerstein 1614–1632 Johann Albrecht … brother of Maximilian Wilhelm 1632–1665 Johann Franz … son of Johann Albrecht 1665–1675 Johann Sebastian … son of Johann Franz 1675–1685 Johann Wilhelm … son of Johann Franz 1685–1737 Franz Albrecht … son of Johann Franz; inherited 1/3 Öttingen; prince 1734 1737–1780 Johann Alois I … son of Franz Albrecht

& 1755–1768 Anton Ernst … son of Franz Albrecht 1780–1797 Johann Alois II … son of Anton Ernst 1797–1806 Johann Alois III … son of Johann Alois II; mediatized, died 1855

(to Bavaria 1806; divided between Bavaria and Württemberg 1810) Counts of Öttingen in Baldern

1602–1626 Ernst I … son of count Wilhelm II of Öttingen 1626–1653 Martin Franz … son of Ernst I

& 1626–1677 Friedrich Wilhelm Ernst … son of Ernst I; in Katzenstein & 1626–1641 Ulrich … son of Ernst I

1653–1687 Ferdinand Maximilian … son of Martin Franz 1677–1693 Notger Wilhelm … son of Ferdiannd Maximilian; in Katzenstein; Baldern 1687 1693–1751 Kraft Anton Wilhelm … son of Notger Wilhelm 1751–1780 Lothar Franz … son of Kraft Anton Wilhelm

& 1751–1787 Philipp Karl … son of Kraft Anton Wilhelm & 1751–1778 Joseph Anton … son of Kraft Anton Wilhelm & 1751–1798 Franz Friedrich … son of Kraft Anton Wilhelm

(to Öttingen-Wallerstein 1798 54) PALATINATE ON THE RHINE (PFALZ, RHEINPFALZ)

The counts palatine of Lorraine assembled a relatively large number of estates within the duchy of Lorraine and of neighboring Franconia, leading to the formation of a new feudal principality as the duchies disintegrated. From 1193 the count’s title was changed to Count Palatine on the Rhine (Pfalzgraf am Rhein). In 1214 the Palatinate became a hereditary possession of the House of Wittelsbach, and in 1356 the Golden Bull of emperor Karl IV confirmed the count palatine as one of the imperial electors. The Wittelsbach line of the Palatinate also governed the north-Bavarian area centered on Amberg and called Upper Palatinate (Oberpfalz). The electorate passed to the Wittelsbachs of Bavaria in 1623 as punishment for the elector Friedrich V’s leadership of the Protestant Union and attempt to take Bohemia from the Habsburgs. Eventually the Wittelsbachs of the Palatinate recovered its independence and the creation of a separate, additional electorate in 1648. The office of elector Palatine passed in succession among several of the numerous branches of the family, until in 1777 (and again in 1799) both the Palatinate and Bavaria came under the rule of the same line of the Wittelsbach family. In 1815 most of the Palatinate was integrated into the kingdom of Bavaria.

54 Kraft Anton Wilhelm’s daughter Charlotte Juliane had married Philipp Karl of Öttingen-Wallerstein.

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Counts Palatine of Lorraine/on the Rhine House of Keldachgau

985–996 Hermann I, the Little … son of count Erenfried II of Keldachgau and Zülpichgau 996–1034 Erenfried (Ezzo) … son of Hermann I

1034–1047 Otto … son of Erenfried 1047–1061 Heinrich I, the Furious … son of Hezzelin, son of Hermann I 1061–1085 Hermann II … son of Heinrich I

House of Laach 1085–1095 Heinrich II … married Adelheid of Orlamünde 55, widow of Hermann II; son of count

Hermann of Gleiberg, son of count Friedrich I of Luxembourg Ascanian House of Ballenstedt

1095–1113 Siegfried … son of Adelheid of Orlamünde by count Adalbert II of Ballenstedt House of Calw

1113–1131 Gottfried … son of count Adalbert II of Calw Ascanian House of Ballenstedt

1131–1140 Wilhelm … son of Siegfried; associated 1126 – Otto … husband of Gertrud of Northeim 56, widow of Siegfried; son of count Hermann I

of Salm; rival 1140–1150 Babenberg House of Austria

1140–1142 Heinrich III, Jasomirgott … son of margrave Leopold III of Austria; abdicated, died 1177 House of Stahleck

1142–1156 Hermann III … son of count Goswin III of Stahleck Hohenstaufen House of Swabia

1156–1195 Konrad … son of duke Friedrich II of Swabia Welf House of Brunswick

1195–1212 Heinrich IV, the Tall … husband of Agnes, daughter of Konrad; abdicated, died 1227; son of duke Heinrich III of Saxony

1212–1214 Heinrich V … son of Heinrich IV Wittelsbach Counts Palatine and Electors of the Palatinate

Wittelsbach House of Bavaria 1214–1227 Ludwig I, of Kelheim … son of duke Otto I of Bavaria; abdicated, died 1231 1227–1253 Otto, the Illustrious … son of Ludwig I; married Agnes, daughter of Heinrich IV 1253–1294 Ludwig II, the Strict … son of Otto

& 1253–1255 Heinrich … son of Otto; to Lower Bavaria 1255–1290 1294–1317 Rudolf I, the Stammerer … son of Ludwig II; deposed, died 1319 1317–1329 (to Upper Bavaria)

– Adolf, the Simple … son of Rudolf I; legitimist claimant 1319–1327 1329–1353 Rudolf II, the Blind … son of Rudolf I; legitimist claimant since 1319

& 1329–1390 Ruprecht I, the Red … son of Rudolf I; legitimist claimant since 1319; elector 1356 1390–1398 Ruprecht II, the Tough … son of Adolf 1398–1410 Ruprecht III, Clem, the Righteous … son of Ruprecht II; German king 1400–1410 1410–1436 Ludwig III, the Bearded … son of Ruprecht III 1436–1449 Ludwig IV, the Meek … son of Ludwig III 1449–1451 Philipp, the Upright … son of Ludwig IV; deposed 1451–1476 Friedrich I, the Victorious … son of Ludwig III; regent since 1449

55 Daughter of margrave Otto I of Meissen. 56 Daughter of count Heinrich I of Northeim.

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1476–1508 Philipp, the Upright … restored 1508–1544 Ludwig V, the Pacific … son of Philipp 1544–1556 Friedrich II, the Wise … son of Philipp 1556–1559 Otto Heinrich, the Magnanimous … son of Ruprecht, son of Philipp 1559–1576 Friedrich III, the Pious … son of duke Johann II of Simmern, son of duke Johann I, son

of duke Friedrich I, son of duke Stephan, son of Ruprecht III 1576–1583 Ludwig VI, the Careless … son of Friedrich III 1583–1610 Friedrich IV, the Sincere … son of Ludwig VI 1610–1623 Friedrich V, the Winter King … son of Friedrich IV; deposed, died 1632 1623–1648 (to Bavaria) 1648–1680 Karl I Ludwig … son of Friedrich V; legitimist claimant since 1632 1680–1685 Karl II, the Credulous … son of Karl I 1685–1690 Philipp Wilhelm … son of duke Wolfgang Wilhelm of Neuburg, son of duke Philipp

Ludwig, son of duke Wolfgang of Zweibrücken, son of duke Ludwig II, son of duke Alexander, son of duke Ludwig I, son of duke Stephan of Simmern, son of Ruprecht III

1690–1716 Johann Wilhelm … son of Philipp Wilhelm 1716–1742 Karl III Philipp … son of Philipp Wilhelm 1742–1799 Karl IV Theodor … son of duke Johann Christian of Sulzbach, son of duke Theodor, son of duke

Christian August, son of duke August, son of duke Philipp Ludwig of Neuburg, son of duke Wolfgang of Zweibrücken, son of duke Ludwig II, son of duke Alexander, son of duke Ludwig I, son of duke Stephan of Simmern, son of Ruprecht III; elector of Bavaria 1777–1799

(union with Bavaria 1777) Dukes of Neumarkt

1410–1443 Johann … son of elector Ruprecht III of the Palatinate 1443–1448 Christoph … son of Johann; king of Denmark 1439–1448

(to the Palatinate-Mosbach 1448) Dukes of Mosbach

1410–1461 Otto I … son of elector Ruprecht III of the Palatinate 1461–1499 Otto II, the Mathematician … son of Otto I

(to the Palatinate 1499) Dukes of Simmern

1410–1459 Stephan … son of elector Ruprecht III of the Palatinate; also Zweibrücken 1459–1480 Friedrich I, the Pious … son of Stephan 1480–1509 Johann I … son of Friedrich I 1509–1557 Johann II … son of Johann I 1557–1559 Friedrich II, the Pious … son of Johann II; abdicated, elector of the Palatinate 1559–1576 1559–1569 Georg … son of Johann II 1569–1598 Richard … son of Johann II

+ Johann Kasimir … son of Friedrich II; associated in Lautern 1575–1592 1598–1649 (to the Palatinate 1598, to Bavaria 1623, to the Palatinate 1648) 1649–1655 Ludwig Philipp … son of elector Friedrich IV of the Palatinate 1655–1674 Ludwig Heinrich … son of Ludwig Philipp

(to the Palatinate 1674, to Bavaria 1685)

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Dukes of Zweibrücken 1410–1459 Stephan … son of elector Ruprecht III of the Palatinate; also Simmern 1459–1489 Ludwig I, the Black … son of Stephan 1489–1490 Kaspar … son of Ludwig I; abdicated, died 1527

& 1489–1514 Alexander, the Lame … son of Ludwig I 1514–1532 Ludwig II … son of Alexander

& 1514–1543 Ruprecht … son of Alexander; to Veldenz 1543–1544 1532–1569 Wolfgang … son of Ludwig II 1569–1604 Johann I, the Historian … son of Wolfgang 1604–1635 Johann II, the Younger … son of Johann I 1635–1661 Friedrich … son of Johann II 1661–1677 Friedrich Ludwig … son of duke Friedrich Kasimir of Landsberg, son of Johann I; deposed,

died 1681 1677–1693 (to France) 1693–1697 Karl I … son of duke Karl Gustav of Kleeburg, son of duke Johann Kasimir, son of Johann I;

Sweden 1660–1697 1697–1718 Karl II … son of Karl I; also Sweden 1718–1731 Gustav Samuel Leopold … son of duke Adolf Johann I of Kleeburg, son of duke Johann

Kasimir, son of Johann I 1731–1735 Christian III … son of duke Christian II of Birkenfeld, son of duke Christian I, son of duke

Karl, son of Wolfgang 1735–1775 Christian IV … son of Christian III 1775–1795 Karl III … son of Friedrich Michael, son of Christian III 1795–1801 Maximilian Joseph … brother of Karl III; elector of the Palatinate and Bavaria 1799; king

of Bavaria 1805–1825 (union with the Palatinate and Bavaria 1799, to France 1801, to Bavaria 1815) Dukes of Landsberg

1604–1645 Friedrich Kasimir … son of duke Johann I of Zweibrücken 1645–1677 Friedrich Ludwig … son of Friedrich Kasimir; in Landsberg since 1645; deposed, died 1681

(to France 1677, to the Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Kleeburg 1693) Dukes of Kleeburg

1604–1652 Johann Kasimir … son of duke Johann I of Zweibrücken 1652–1660 Karl Gustav … son of Johann Kasimir; Sweden 1654–1660 1660–1689 Adolf Johann I … son of Johann Kasimir 1689–1701 Adolf Johann II … son of Adolf Johann I 1701–1731 Gustav Samuel Leopold … son of Adolf Johann I

(to the Palatinate 1731) Dukes of Veldenz

1543–1544 Ruprecht … son of duke Alexander of Zweibrücken 1544–1592 Georg Johann I, the Astute … son of Ruprecht 1592–1634 Georg Gustav … son of Georg Johann I; in Lauterecken 1601

& 1592–1654 Georg Johann II … son of Georg Johann I; in Gutenberg 1601; in Lützelstein 1611 1634–1694 Leopold Ludwig … son of Georg Gustav

(to the Palatinate 1694, union with Bavaria 1777, to France 1801, to Bavaria 1815)

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Dukes of Sulzbach 1559–1569 Wofgang … son of duke Ludwig II of Zweibrücken 1569–1604 Otto Heinrich … son of Wolfgang 1604–1614 Philipp Ludwig … son of Wolfgang 1614–1632 August … son of Philipp Ludwig 1632–1708 Christian August … son of August 1708–1732 Theodor … son of Christian August 1732–1733 Johann Christian … son of Theodor 1733–1799 Karl Theodor … son of Johann Christian; elector of the Palatinate 1742–1799; elector of

Bavaria 1777–1799 (union with the Palatinate 1742, and with Bavaria 1777) Dukes of Neuburg

1569–1614 Philipp Ludwig … son of duke Wolfgang of Zweibrücken and Sulzbach + Friedrich … brother of Philipp Ludwig; associated in Vohenstrauss 1569–1597

1614–1653 Wolfgang Wilhelm … son of Philipp Ludwig 1653–1690 Philipp Wilhelm … son of Wolfgang Wilhelm; elector of the Palatinate 1685–1690

(union with the Palatinate 1685) Dukes of Birkenfeld

1584–1590 Karl … son of duke Wolfgang of Zweibrücken and Sulzbach 1590–1669 Georg Wilhelm … son of Karl

+ Christian I … son of Karl; associated in Bischweiler 1630–1654 1669–1671 Karl Otto … son of Georg Wilhelm 1671–1717 Christian II … son of Christian I; in Bischweiler since 1654

+ Johann Karl … son of Christian I; in Gelnhausen 1671–1704 + Friedrich Bernhard … son of Johann Karl; in Gelnhausen 1704–1739

1717–1735 Christian III … son of Christian II 1734–1775 (to Zweibrücken) 1775–1780 Johann … son of Johann Karl; in Gelnhausen since 1739 1780–1789 Karl II … son of Johann 1789–1799 Wilhelm … son of Johann; duke in Bavaria 1799–1837; duke of Berg 1803–1806

(to Bavaria 1799) PICCOLOMINI

A collateral descendant of pope Pius II (Enea Silvio Piccolomini) through both his parents, Ottavio Pieri-Piccolomini served as Spanish general and Imperial field marshal during the Thirty Years War. He was rewarded for his efforts by promotion to the ranks of a Bohemian count of Náchod in 1634, imperial count in 1638, and imperial prince in 1654; he also succeeded a distant cousin to the foreign title of duke of Amalfi in 1639. His titles and benefices passed to his nephews and great-nephews, until the male line became extinct in 1757. At this point the title lapsed, although the allodial estates in Bohemia were not sold until 1786.

Counts and Princes Piccolomini

House Pieri-Piccolomini 1634–1656 Ottavio … son of Silvio Pieri-Piccolomini; count 1638; prince 1654 1656–1673 Enea … son of count Francesco, son of Enea Silvio, brother of Ottavio 1673–1714 Lorenzo … brother of Enea

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1714–1742 Giovanni Venceslao … son of Lorenzo 1742–1757 Ottavio Enea Giuseppe … son of Lorenzo

(title lapsed 1757) POMERANIA (POMMERN, POMORZE)

The region of Pomerania along the southern coast of the Baltic Sea is today divided between Germany and Poland. In the Middle Ages it was ruled by a Slavic dynasty of dukes who recognized Polish suzerainty in 1121, then the overlordship of the Holy Roman Empire (Saxony 1164 and Brandenburg 1181), and, temporarily, Denmark. The area was Christianized and gradually Germanized. The dynasty subdivided into several branches, ruling from Demmin, Wolgast, and Barth in the west, Stettin (Szczecin) in the middle, and Rügenwalde (Darłowo), Schlawe (Sławno), and Stolp (Słupsk) in the east. In spite of occasional brief reunifications of the duchy, the division persisted almost till the end: in 1625 Bogislaw XIV found himself the only surviving duke. Childless and paralyzed by a stroke, and his land overrun in the course of the Thirty Years War, the last duke abdicated in 1634. Sweden seized most of Pomerania, but Brandenburg-Prussia laid claim to the duchy. The Treaties of Westphalia (1648), Nürnberg (1650), and Stettin (1653) formalized the division of Pomerania: Sweden kept Hither Pomerania with Stettin in the west, while Brandenburg-Prussia acquired Farther Pomerania in the east. The districts of Lauenburg (Lębork) and Bütow (Bytów) in Pomerelia, came to be held as Polish fiefs by the Hohenzollerns of Brandenburg-Prussia in 1657. Stettin passed to Prussia in 1720, the rest of Hither Pomerania in 1815. Pomerania remained part of Prussia, then Germany, until 1945, when Farther Pomerania and Stettin passed to Poland. The German population there was replaced with Polish settlers from the east. For neighboring Pomerelia and Silesia see Poland.

Princes and Dukes of Pomerania

Greifen House of Pomerania c.1106–1121 Swantopolk I … prince on the Oder 1121–c.1135 Wartislaw I … son of (?) Swantopolk I; Polish vassal 1121 c.1135–1155: Ratibor I … son of (?) Swantopolk I

(division into Stettin, Schlawe-Stolp, and Demmin 1155/1156) Dukes of Pomerania in Stettin (Szczecin)

:1156–1187 Bogislaw I … son of duke Wartislaw I of Pomerania; Saxon vassal 1164; Brandenburg vassal 1181 + Ratibor II … son of Bogislaw I; associated c.1175–1183

1187–1220 Bogislaw II … son of Bogislaw I; Danish vassal 1202 & 1187–1211 Kasimir II … son of Bogislaw I; to Demmin 1211–1219

1220–1278 Barnim I, the Good … son of Bogislaw II; Danish vassal until 1227 1278–1295 Bogislaw IV … son of Barnim I; to Wolgast 1295–1309

& 1278–1295 Barnim II … son of Barnim I & 1278–1344 Otto I … son of Barnim I; retained Stettin 1295

1344–1368 Barnim III, the Great … son of Otto I; associated 1320 1368–1372 Kasimir III … son of Barnim III

& 1368–1413 Swantibor I … son of Barnim III & 1368–1404 Bogislaw VII … son of Barnim III

1413–1428 Otto II … son of Swantibor I; associated 1397 & 1413–1435 Kasimir V … son of Swantibor I

1435–1451 Joachim, the Younger … son of Kasimir V 1451–1464 Otto III … son of Joachim 1464–1474 Erich II … son of duke Wartislaw IX of Wolgast; Wolgast 1457–1459; Schlawe-Stolp 1459–1464 1474–1523 Bogislaw X, the Great … son of Erich II; all Pomerania 1478–1523

& 1474 Kasimir VI … son of Erich II

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& 1474–1475 Wartislaw XI … son of Erich II 1523–1531 Georg I … son of Bogislaw X

& 1523–1569 Barnim IX, the Pious … son of Bogislaw X; abdicated, died 1573 1531–1541 Philipp I … son of Georg I; to Wolgast 1541–1560 1569–1600 Johann Friedrich, the Strongest … son of Philipp I; Wolgast 1560–1569 1600–1603 Barnim X, the Succinct … son of Philipp I; Wolgast 1560–1569, Rügenwalde 1569–1600 1603–1606 Bogislaw XIII, the Pious … son of Philipp I; Wolgast 1560–1569, Barth 1569–1603 1606–1618 Philipp II … son of Bogislaw XIII 1618–1620 Franz … son of Bogislaw XIII; associated in Bütow 1606–1618

+ Georg II … son of Bogislaw XIII; associated in Bukow 1606–1617 + Ulrich … son of Bogislaw XIII; associated in Bütow 1618–1622

1620–1634 Bogislaw XIV … son of Bogislaw XIII; associated in Rügenwalde 1696; all Pomerania 1625; abdicated, died 1637

(to Sweden 1634; to Prussia 1720) Dukes of Pomerania in Demmin (Dymin)

:1156–1180 Kasimir I … son of duke Wartislaw I of Pomerania 1181–1184 Wartislaw II … son of duke Bogislaw I of Stettin, brother of Kasimir I 1184–1211 (to Stettin) 1211–1219 Kasimir II … brother of Wartislaw II; Stettin 1187–1211 1219–1264 Wartislaw III … son of Kasimir II

(to Stettin 1264; to Sweden 1634; to Prussia 1720) Dukes of Pomerania in Schlawe (Sławno) and Stolp (Słupsk)

:1156–1175: Swantopolk II … son of duke Ratibor I of Pomerania ?–1200: Bogislaw III … brother of Swantopolk II

1200:–1227 Ratibor III … son of Bogislaw III57; Danish vassal 1202; deposed, died 1238 1227–1372 (to Pomerelia 1227, to Brandenburg 1294, to Wolgast 1315) 1372–1374 Bogislaw V … son of Wartislaw IV of Wolgast; Wolgast 1326–1372 1374–1377 Kasimir IV (Kaźko) … son of Bogislaw V

& 1374–1394 Wartislaw VII … son of Bogislaw V & 1374–1418 Bogislaw VIII … son of Bogislaw V; in Rügenwalde 1374 and Stargard 1377 & 1374–1403 Barnim V … son of Bogislaw V; in Schlawe 1374

1394–1459 Erich I … son of Wartislaw VII; Norway 1389–1442, Sweden 1396–1439, Denmark 1396–1440 1418–1446 Bogislaw IX … son of Bogislaw VIII 1459–1464 Erich II … son of duke Wartislaw IX of Wolgast; husband of Zofia, daughter of Bogislaw IX;

Wolgast 1457–1459; to Stettin 1464–1474 (to Pomerania-Stettin 1464; to Prussia 1634) Dukes of Pomerania in Wolgast (Wołogoszcz)

1295–1309 Bogislaw IV … son of duke Barnim I of Stettin; Pomerania 1278–1295 1309–1326 Wartislaw IV … son of Bogislaw IV 1326–1372 Bogislaw V … son of Wartislaw IV; to Stolp 1372–1374

& 1326–1365 Barnim IV … son of Wartislaw IV & 1326–1372 Wartislaw V, Paternoster … son of Wartislaw IV; to Neustettin 1372–1390

1365–1372 Wartislaw VI … son of Barnim IV; to Barth-Rügen 1372–1394 57 In exile during Danish occupation 1205–1225.

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& 1365–1393 Bogislaw VI … son of Barnim IV; retained Gützkow and Wolgast 1372 1393–1394 Wartislaw VI … restored 1394–1405 Barnim VI … son of Wartislaw VI 1405–1457 Wartislaw IX … son of Barnim VI; all Pommerania 1451–1457

& 1405–1450 Barnim VII … son of Barnim VI; Demmin 1425 1457–1459 Erich II … son of Wartislaw IX; to Schlawe-Stolp 1459–1464, to Stettin 1464–1474 1459–1478 Wartislaw X … son of Wartislaw IX; Barth and Rügen 1457–1459 1478–1532 (to Stettin) 1532–1560 Philipp I … son of duke Georg I of Stettin; Stettin 1531–1532 1560–1569 Johann Friedrich, the Strongest … son of Philipp I; to Stettin 1569–1600

& 1560–1569 Bogislaw XIII, the Pious … son of Philipp I; to Barth 1569–1603; Stettin 1603–1606 & 1560–1592 Ernst Ludwig, the Fairest … son of Philipp I; retained Wolgast 1569 & 1560–1569 Barnim X, the Succinct … son of Philipp I; to Rügenwalde 1569–1600; Stettin 1600–1603 & 1560–1574 Kasimir VIII, the Sociable … son of Philipp I; bishop of Kammin; to Rügenwalde 1603–1605

1592–1625 Philipp Julius, the Hearty … son of Ernst Ludwig (to Stettin 1625; to Sweden 1634, to Denmark 1814, to Prussia 1815) Duke of Pomerania in Barth (Bardo) and Rügen

1325–1326 Wartislaw IV … son of duke Bogislaw IV of Wolgast by Margarete, daughter of duke Wizlaw II of Rügen; Wolgast 1309–1326

1326–1372 Bogislaw V … son of Wartislaw IV; to Schlawe-Stolp 1372–1374 & 1326–1365 Barnim IV … son of Wartislaw IV; also Wolgast & 1326–1372 Wartislaw V, Paternoster … son of Wartislaw IV; to Neustettin 1372–1390

1365–1394 Wartislaw VI … son of Barnim IV; Wolgast 1365–1372, 1393–1394 & 1365–1372 Bogislaw VI … son of Barnim IV; to Wolgast 1372–1393

1394–1415 Wartislaw VIII … son of Wartislaw VI; regent of Wolgast 1405–1415 1415–1432 Swantibor II … son of Wartislaw VIII; in Rügen

& 1415–1451 Barnim VIII … son of Wartislaw VIII; in Stralsund and Barth 1451–1457 (to Wolgast) 1457–1459 Wartislaw X … son of duke Wartislaw IX of Wolgast; to Wolgast 1459–1478 1459–1569 (to Wolgast 1459; to Stettin 1478; to Wolgast 1532) 1569–1603 Bogislaw XIII, the Pious … son of duke Philipp I of Wolgast; Wolgast 1560–1569, Stettin

1603–1606 (to Stettin 1603, to Sweden 1634, to Denmark 1814, to Prussia 1815) PRUSSIA

The pagan native Prussians were conquered and converted to Christianity by the Teutonic Order, which established their monastic state (Ordensstaat) in the area beginning with the Prussian Crusade in 1230. The Order’s expansion was curtailed by Poland-Lithuania at the Battle of Grunwald/Tannenberg in 1410 and the Second Peace of Thorn/Toruń in 1466. On the latter occasion the Order surrendered West Prussia to the kingdom of Poland and acknowledged itself a Polish vassal. In 1525 the grand master of the Teutonic Order Albrecht of Hohenzollern converted to Lutheranism and retained control of East Prussia as the first duke of Prussia. He was recognized as such by his uncle and overlord, king Zygmunt I of Poland. On the death of the second duke, the mentally impaired Albrecht Friedrich, the duchy of Prussia passed to his daughter Anna’s husband, elector Johann Sigismund of Brandenburg. Ducal Prussia remained united with the electorate of Brandenburg, and in 1657 it obtained the renunciation of Polish suzerainty. In 1701 the ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia took the title “king in Prussia.” After the First Partition of Poland allotted West Prussia to him, king Friedrich II changed his title to “king of Prussia.” All Prussia remained in the hands of the Hohenzollern

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monarchy until 1919; the aftermath of World War I returned most of West Prussia to Poland. What was left of East Prussia was divided between Poland and Russia in 1945. After 1619, see Brandenburg-Prussia.

Dukes of Prussia

Hohenzollern House of Brandenburg 1525–1568 Albrecht … son of margrave Friedrich I of Brandenburg-Ansbach by Zofia, daughter of

king Kazimierz IV of Poland; grand master of the Teutonic Knights 1510–1525 1568–1618 Albrecht Friedrich … son of Albrecht 1618–1619 Johann Sigismund … husband of Anna, daughter of Albrecht Friedrich; son of elector

Joachim Friedrich of Brandenburg; Brandenburg 1608–1619 (union with the electorate of Brandenburg 1618; divided between Poland and Russia 1945) RAVENSBERG

The counts of Ravensberg in Westphalia descended from those of Calvelage. Unlike most of the local nobles, they supported the Hohenstaufens against the Welfs in the 1190s. On the extinction of the male line in 1346, the county was inherited by Gerhard of Jülich, the future count of Berg. Thus Ravensberg was united with Berg in 1348, and soon afterwards with the associated territories of Cleves, Jülich, and Mark.

Counts of Ravensberg

House of Calvelage c.1120–c.1144 Hermann I … son of count Hermann I of Calvelage c.1144–c.1170 Otto I … son of Hermann I

c.1170–1221 Hermann II … son of Otto I 1221–1226 Otto II … son of Hermann II; to Vlotho 1226–1244

& 1221–1249 Ludwig … son of Hermann II 1249–1305: Otto III … son of Ludwig :1306–1328 Otto IV … son of Otto III

& :1306–1346 Bernhard … son of Otto III Hengebach House of Jülich

1346–1360 Gerhard of Jülich … husband of Margarete, daughter of Otto IV; son of duke Wilhelm I of Jülich; Berg 1348–1360

(union with Berg 1360; divided between Brandenburg and the Palatinate-Neuburg 1609; to Brandenburg 1614; divided between Brandenburg and the Palatinate 1630; to Brandenburg 1666; to Westphalia 1807; divided between France and Berg 1810; to Prussia 1815)

REUSS

Reuss consisted of a relatively small territory located between electoral Saxony and Thuringia, on the territory of the former march of Zeitz. The house, all of whose male members were named “Heinrich,” in honor of the emperor Heinrich VI who endowed the family with its possessions, divided into numerous branches and into two main lines called simply Senior and Junior lines of Reuss. In 1673 the House of Reuss acquired the status of imperial counts. The lands of the Senior Line were consolidated by Reuss-Obergreiz, which received the title “princes of Reuss Senior Line” in 1778. The consolidation of the lands of the Junior Line by Reuss-Schleiz did not take place until 1848, and this house acquired the title “princes of Reuss Junior Line” in 1806, while that of Reuss-Lobenstein had acquired the same status in 1790. In 1871 the princes of the Senior Line (Greiz) and Junior Line (Schleiz) joined the German Empire. The complex numbering of the rulers includes the many non-reigning members of the house. In the Senior Line the numbering covers all male children starting with I

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(1) and ending with C (100), then restarting at I. In the Junior Line the numbering also covers all male children, but restarts at I (1) at the end of every century. Since the ordinal numbering was formally used by the rulers, there is no sensible alternative to resulting genealogical and chronological nightmare.

House of Reuss in Greiz

1462–1476 Heinrich IX … son of Heinrich VII of Reuss-Greiz; Untergreiz 1449; Obergreiz 1462 1476–1502 Heinrich XI … son of Heinrich IX; in Untergreiz 1485

& 1476–1529 Heinrich XII … son of Heinrich IX; in Kranichfeld 1485; abdicated, died 1539 & 1476–1535 Heinrich XIII, the Silent … son of Heinrich IX; in Obergreiz 1485; also Untergreiz 1502

1535–1564 Heinrich XIV … son of Heinrich XIII; to Untergreiz 1564–1572 & 1535–1564 Heinrich XV … son of Heinrich XIII; to Obergreiz 1564–1578 & 1535–1564 Heinrich XVI … son of Heinrich XIII; Reuss Junior Line 1564–1572

(division into Untergreiz, Obergreiz, and Reuss Junior Line 1564)

Reuss Senior Line in Untergreiz 1564–1572 Heinrich I … son of Heinrich XIII of Greiz; Greiz 1535–1564 1572–1583 Heinrich II, the Tall … son of Heinrich I; to Burgk 1583–1608

& 1572–1582 Heinrich III … son of Heinrich I & 1572–1604 Heinrich V … son of Heinrich I

1604–1625 Heinrich IV … son of Heinrich V; in Obergreiz 1616–1629 & 1604–1667 Heinrich V … son of Heinrich V; in Obergreiz 1616–1625; in Burgk 1643

1667–1697 Heinrich II … son of Heinrich V; in Burgk 1668; imperial count 1673 & 1667–1675 Heinrich IV … brother of Heinrich II; in Untergreiz 1668; imperial count 1673 & 1667–1698 Heinrich V … brother of Heinrich II; in Rothenthal 1668; imperial count 1673

1675–1733 Heinrich XIII … son of Heinrich IV 1733–1768 Heinrich III … son of Heinrich XIII

(to Reuss-Obergreiz 1768)

Reuss Senior Line in Burgk 1583–1608 Heinrich II, the Tall … son of Heinrich I of Untergreiz; Untergreiz 1572–1583 1608–1639 Heinrich II … son of Heinrich II the Tall

& 1608–1616 Heinrich III … son of Heinrich II the Tall & 1608–1616 Heinrich IV … son of Heinrich II the Tall; to Dölau 1616–1636

1639–1640 Heinrich III … son of Heinrich II (to Reuss-Untergreiz 1640)

Reuss Senior Line in Obergreiz (Greiz 1768) 1564–1578 Heinrich XV … son of Heinrich XIII of Greiz; Greiz 1535–1564 1578–1607 Heinrich XVII … son of Heinrich XV; in Obergreiz 1597

& 1578–1616 Heinrich XVIII … son of Heinrich XV; in Schleiz 1597 1616–1629 Heinrich IV … son of Heinrich V of Untergreiz; Untergreiz 1604–1616

& 1616–1625 Heinrich V … brother of Heinrich IV; Untergreiz 1604–1667 1629–1681 Heinrich I … son of Heinrich IV; imperial count 1673 1681–1697 Heinrich VI … son of Heinrich I

& 1681–1690 Heinrich XV … son of Heinrich I & 1681–1694 Heinrich XVI … son of Heinrich I; to Dölau 1694–1698

1697–1714 Heinrich I … son of Heinrich VI & 1697–1722 Heinrich II … son of Heinrich VI

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1722–1723 Heinrich IX … son of Heinrich II & 1722–1800 Heinrich XI … son of Heinrich II; prince of Reuss Senior Line 1778

1800–1817 Heinrich XIII … son of Heinrich XI 1817–1836 Heinrich XIX … son of Heinrich XIII 1836–1859 Heinrich XX … son of Heinrich XIII 1859–1902 Heinrich XXII … son of Heinrich XX 1902–1918 Heinrich XXIV … son of Heinrich XXII; deposed, died 1927

(to Germany 1918)

Reuss Junior Line in Gera 1564–1572 Heinrich XVI … son of Heinrich XIII of Greiz; Greiz 1535–1564 1572–1635 Heinrich II, Postumus … posthumous son of Heinrich XVI; Schleiz 1616 1635–1670 Heinrich II … son of Heinrich II Postumus; in Gera 1647

& 1635–1640 Heinrich III … son of Heinrich II Postumus & 1635–1647 Heinrich IX … son of Heinrich II Postumus; to Schleiz 1647–1666 & 1635–1647 Heinrich X … son of Heinrich II Postumus; to Lobenstein 1647–1671

1640–1666 Heinrich I … son of Heinrich III; in Saalburg 1647; to Schleiz 1666–1692 1670–1686 Heinrich IV … son of Heinrich II; imperial count 1673 1686–1735 Heinrich XVIII … son of Heinrich IV 1735–1748 Heinrich XXV … son of Heinrich IV 1748–1802 Heinrich XXX … son of Heinrich XXV

(to Reuss-Schleiz 1802)

Reuss Junior Line in Schleiz 1647–1666 Heinrich IX … son of Heinrich II Postumus of Gera; Gera 1635–1647 1666–1692 Heinrich I … son of Heinrich III of Gera, brother of Heinrich IX; imperial count 1673 1692–1726 Heinrich XI … son of Heinrich I 1726–1744 Heinrich I … son of Heinrich XI 1744–1784 Heinrich XII … son of Heinrich XI 1784–1818 Heinrich XLII … son of Heinrich XII; prince of Reuss Junior Line in Schleiz and Gera 1806 1818–1854 Heinrich LXII … son of Heinrich XLII 1854–1867 Heinrich LXVII … son of Heinrich XLII 1867–1913 Heinrich XIV … son of Heinrich LXVII 1913–1918 Heinrich XXVII … son of Heinrich XIV; deposed, died 1928

(to Germany 1918)

Reuss Junior Line in Lobenstein 1647–1671 Heinrich X … son of Heinrich II Postumus of Gera; Gera 1635–1647 1671–1710 Heinrich III … son of Heinrich X; imperial count 1673

& 1671–1678 Heinrich VIII … son of Heinrich X; to Hirschberg 1678–1711 & 1671–1678 Heinrich X … son of Heinrich X; to Ebersdorf 1678–1711

1710–1739 Heinrich XV … son of Heinrich III 1739–1782 Heinrich II … son of Heinrich XV 1782–1805 Heinrich XXXV … son of Heinrich II; prince of Reuss Junior Line in Lobenstein 1790 1805–1824 Heinrich LIV … son of Heinrich XXV, son of Heinrich XXVI, son of Heinrich III

(to Reuss-Ebersdorf 1824)

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Reuss Junior Line in Ebersdorf 1678–1711 Heinrich X … son of Heinrich X of Lobenstein; imperial count 1673–1678 1711–1747 Heinrich XXIX … son of Heinrich X 1747–1779 Heinrich XXIV … son of Heinrich XXIX 1779–1822 Heinrich LI … son of Heinrich XXIV; prince of Reuss Junior Line in Ebersdorf 1806 1822–1848 Heinrich LXXII … son of Heinrich LI; abdicated, died 1853

(to Reuss-Schleiz 1848) RIENECK

The small county of Rieneck in Franconia was obtained by count Arnold I of Looz by marriage to the heiress of count Gerhard of Mainz. Rieneck remained united with Looz (although sometimes given to younger members of the comital family) until the early 13th century, when Arnold II (Arnold III of Looz) left Looz to his younger brother and established a separate line of counts of Rieneck. The county had to recognize the suzerainty of the archbishop of Mainz, and when the comital line became extinct in 1559, it was divided among Mainz, Würzburg, and the Palatinate. In 1673 count Johann Hartwig of Nostitz purchased a portion of that part of Rieneck that belonged to Mainz, and was created imperial count of Rieneck. In 1803 the county was sold to the prince of Colloredo-Mannsfeld, and in 1806 it was mediatized in favor of Regensburg. In 1815 it was awarded to Bavaria. The numbering of the Looz counts is inconsistent in the literature.

Counts of Rieneck

House of Looz c.1108–1125: Arnold I … son of count Emmo of Looz; husband of Agnes, daughter of count Gerhard

of Mainz and Rieneck :1135–1138: Arnold II … son of Arnold I :1141–:1144 Gerhard I … son of Arnold II :1144–1171 Ludwig I … son of Arnold II 1171–1194: Gerhard II … son of Ludwig I :1197–1216 Gerhard III … son of Gerhard II 1216–1243 Ludwig II … son of count Gerhard III 1243–1289: Ludwig III … son of Ludwig II

& 1243–1295: Gerhard IV … son of Ludwig II & 1243–1251: Siboto … son of Ludwig II & 1243–1252: Heinrich I … son of Ludwig II

:1291: Thomas I … son of Ludwig III :1293–1333 Ludwig IV, the Younger … son of Ludwig III :1296–1330 Ludwig V, the Elder … son of Gerhard IV

& :1296–:1342 Heinrich II … son of Gerhard IV 1330–1367: Gerhard V … son of Ludwig V :1342–1364: Johann … son of Heinrich :1365–1408 Ludwig VI … son of Johann; vassal of Mainz 1366 :1371–1387 Gerhard VI … son of Gerhard V

& :1371–1389 Gottfried … son of Gerhard V 1408–1431 Thomas II … son of Ludwig VI 1431–1488 Philipp I, the Elder … son of Thomas II

& 1463–1497 Philipp II, the Younger … son of Thomas II; associated 1454 1497–1518 Reinhard … son of Philipp II 1518–1559 Philipp III … son of Reinhard

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1559–1673 (to Mainz, Würzburg, and the Palatinate) House of Nostitz

1673–1683 Johann Hartwig … son of Johann von Nostitz 1683–1736 Anton Johann … son of Johann Hartwig 1736–1765 Franz Wenzel … son of Wenzel Desiderius, son of Johann Hartwig 1765–1794 Franz Anton … son of Franz Wenzel

+ Fiedrich Moritz … son of Franz Wenzel; in Turmitz 1765–1796 1795–1803 Friedrich Chrysogonus Johann … son of Franz Anton; sold county; died 1819

(to Colloredo-Mannsfeld 1803; to Regensburg 1806; to Bavaria 1815) RIETBERG (see Kaunitz) RÜGEN

The island of Rügen was settled by the Slavic Rani, whose chieftain Tezlaw was forced to accept Danish overlordship and to convert to Christianity in 1168, after several Danish and Saxon interventions on the island. The princes of Rügen distinguished themselves in Danish service, but by the second half of the 13th century recognized the overlordship of the Holy Roman Empire, at least for the mainland portion of their possessions. In accordance with an inheritance agreement, on the death of Wizlaw III without male heirs, Rügen passed to his sister Margarete’s son Wartislaw IV of Pomerania-Wolgast.

Princes and Dukes of Rügen

House of Rügen :1164–1170: Tezlaw … son of Ratislaw; prince of Rügen as Danish vassal 1170:–1218 Jaromar I … brother of Tezlaw; perhaps associated :1168 1218–1221 Barnuta … son of Jaromar I; abdicated; to Gristow 1221–1236 1221–1249 Wizlaw I … son of Jaromar I 1249–1260 Jaromar II … son of Wizlaw I; associated 1246 1260–1302 Wizlaw II … son of Jaromar II; duke of Rügen and Pomerania

& 1260–1282: Jaromar III … son of Jaromar II 1302–1325 Wizlaw III … son of Wizlaw II

& 1302–1304 Sambor … son of Wizlaw II (to Pomerania 1325; to Sweden 1634; to Prussia 1815) RUPPIN

Originally a Slavic stronghold, Ruppin came to be ruled by Gebhard of Arnstein, count of Lindow, c.1220. The rise of the lordship was connected with the German annexation and colonization of the area east of the Elbe. The family’s original county of Lindow was sold to Anhalt in 1461. On the extinction of the male line in 1524, Ruppin passed to its overlord, Brandenburg. The latter recovered Lindow from Anhalt in 1577.

Lords of Ruppin

Arnstein House of Lindow c.1220–1256 Gebhard … son of count Walther II of Arnstein

1256–1278 Walther … son of Gebhard & 1256–1284 Günther I … son of Gebhard

1284–1290 Albrecht I … son of Günther I & 1284–1311 Burkhard … son of Günther I

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& 1284–1316 Ulrich I … son of Günther I 1311–1318 Johann I … son of Burkhard

& 1311–1347 Adolf … son of Burkhard 1316–c.1338 Günther II … son of Ulrich I

& 1316–1356 Ulrich II … son of Ulrich I 1356–1359: Ulrich III … son of Ulrich II

& 1356–:1391 Albrecht II … son of Ulrich II & 1356–c.1379 Günther III … son of Ulrich II

:1391–1420: Ulrich IV … son of Albrecht II & :1391–:1416 Günther IV … son of Albrecht II

:1416–1460 Albrecht III … son of Günther IV 1460–1500 Johann II … son of Albrecht III

& 1460–1499 Jakob … son of Albrecht III 1500–1507 Joachim … son of Johann II 1507–1524 Wichmann … son of Joachim

(to Brandenburg 1524) SAARBRÜCKEN

The counts of Saarbrücken (“Bridge over the Saar”) descended from the counts of Luxembourg, and were vassals of the bishops of Metz. Several 11th–13th-century bishops of Worms, Mainz, and Speyer came from this lineage. Moreover, the counts of Zweibrücken, Werd, and Leiningen were all descended from the House of Saarbrücken. In 1276 the county of Saarbrücken passed by inheritance to the French noble lineage of Commercy, and in 1381 by inheritance again to the counts of Nassau-Weilburg. From 1442 to 1793 Saarbrücken was ruled by its own branch of the counts of Nassau, before being conquered by France in 1793 and allotted to Prussia in 1815.

Counts of Saarbrücken

Luxembourg House of Saarbrücken :1080–c.1105 Siegbert … son of (?) count Friedrich I of Luxembourg; count in Saargau

c.1105–c.1134 Friedrich I … son of Siegbert c.1135–c.1183 Simon I … son of Friedrich I c.1183–c.1207 Simon II … son of Simon I

& c.1183–c.1193 Heinrich … son of Simon I; to Zweibrücken c.1193–1228 c.1207–1226: Simon III … son of Simon II; abdicated, died 1233: :1227–1270: Laurette … daughter of Simon III

& :1235–1250 Gottfried of Aspremont … husband of Laurette; son of Gobert VI of Aspremont & 1252–1260 Dietrich, Luf, of Cleves … married Laurette; son of count Dietrich IV of Cleves; died 1277

:1271–1276 Mathilde … daughter of Simon III & :1271–1276 Amadeus of Montfaucon … husband of Mathilde; son of count Richard of Montbéliard;

died 1280 House of Broyes-Commercy

1276–1307: Simon IV … son of Mathilde by Simon III of Commercy :1309–1342 Johann I … son of Simon IV 1342–1381 Johann II … son of Simon, son of Johann I

1381 Johanna … daughter of Johann II; widow of count Johann I of Nassau-Weilburg (to Nassau-Weilburg 1381)

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SAARWERDEN

The first known count of Saarwerden (now Sarrewerden in France) built the like-named castle atop the ruins of Roman baths. The county reached the apex of its fortunes when count Friedrich III served as archbishop of Cologne in 1370–1414. The male line extinct, the county passed to the counts of Mörs in 1414. A branch of this lineage retained Saarwerden until 1527, when it was inherited by the counts of Nassau-Saarbrücken. However, the bishop of Metz, as overlord of Saarwerden, granted it to the dukes of Upper Lorraine, which led to a conflict over the succession that lasted until 1629. In the resulting compromise, Saarwerden was divided between Lorraine (which kept Saarwerden itself) and Nassau-Weilburg (which built a new city, Neu Saarwerden, in the territories it retained). Occupied by France from 1790 and annexed in 1801, it was recovered by Germany in 1871, before returning to France in 1918.

Counts of Saarwerden

House of Blieskastel :1111–1131: Friedrich I … son of (?) count Gottfried I of Blieskastel :1136–1149: Folmar … son of Friedrich I :1165–1200: Ludwig I … son of Folmar

& :1165–c.1176 Ludwig II … son of Folmar :1212–1246: Ludwig III … son of Ludwig I

& :1212–1242 Heinrich I … son of Ludwig I; in Kirckel 1246:–1271: Heinrich II … son of Ludwig III :1289–1310 Johann I … son of Heinrich II 1310–1363: Friedrich II … son of Johann I :1365–1370: Johann II … son of Friedrich II; associated 1358 :1378–1397 Heinrich III … son of Johann II 1397–1414 Friedrich III … son of Johann II; archbishop of Cologne 1370–1414

House of Mörs 1414–1417 Friedrich IV … husband of Walburga, daughter of Johann II; son of count Dietrich V of

Mörs; associated 1399 1417–1431 Johann III … son of Friedrich IV 1431–1483 Jakob I … son of Johann III 1483–1495 Nikolaus … son of Jakob I; associated 1457

& 1483–1527 Johann IV … son of Jakob I & 1483–1514 Jakob II … son of Jakob I

1514–1527 Johann Jakob … son of Jakob II House of Nassau-Saarbrücken (in dispute with the dukes of Lorraine)

1527–1544 Johann Ludwig … husband of Katharina, daughter of Johann IV; son of count Johann II of Nassau-Saarbrücken; abdicated, died 1545

1544–1556 Johann V … son of Johann Ludwig; abdicated 1556–1559 Adolf … son of Johann Ludwig 1559–1574 Johann V … restored

(to Nassau-Weilburg 1574) SALZBURG

The bishops (from 798 archbishops) of Salzburg ruled a sizable principality in eastern Bavaria, and became imperial princes. In 1322 Salzburg asserted its independence from Bavaria with Austrian help. Secularized in 1803 and, united with the former bishoprics of Freising and Passau into a single electorate, Salzburg was given to the former grand duke of Tuscany Ferdinand as compensation for the loss of his Italian lands. Two years

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later this electorate was annexed to Austria, and Ferdinand was compensated with the grand duchy of Würzburg. After passing to Bavaria in 1810, Salzburg returned to Austria in exchange for Würzburg in 1814.

Elector of Salzburg

Habsburg-Lorraine House of Austria 1803–1805 Ferdinand … son of emperor Leopold II; deposed; to Würzburg 1805–1814; Tuscany

1791–1801 and 1814–1824 (to Austria 1805; to France 1809; to Bavaria 1810; to Austria 1814) SALM

The counts of Salm in the Ardennes and Vosges mountains of Lorraine were descended from the House of Luxembourg. The comital lineage divided into the lines of Upper and Lower Salm already in the 12th century, and one branch of the Upper Salm (Obersalm in the Vosges) line holding on to ½ of Salm passed by marriage to the House of Stein in 1475, the other to Upper Lorraine in 1600. After further subdivision, the line of Salm-Neuweiler divided in 1608 into two branches, which foreshadowed the later principalities of Salm-Salm and Salm-Kyrburg. The count of Salm-Salm was the first member of the family to be raised to the status of imperial prince, in 1623; the counts of Salm-Kyrburg followed suit in 1742. Salm-Salm was annexed to France in 1793, Salm-Kyrburg in 1794. The princes of Salm-Salm and Salm-Kyrburg were compensated with a joint principality of Salm carved out of the bishopric of Münster northeast of the Rhine in 1802. In 1810 the new principality of Salm was also annexed by France, and in 1815 the Congress of Vienna allotted it to Prussia. The list below does not include all counts of Salm, ignoring several collateral lines. For the counts of Lower Salm (Niedersalm in the Ardennes) and the princes of Salm-Reifferscheidt, see further below.

Counts of Salm and Upper Salm

House of Luxembourg 1019–1059 Giselbert … son of count Friedrich I of Luxembourg 1059–1088 Hermann I … son of Giselbert; German king 1081–1088 1088–1135: Hermann II … son of Hermann I

& 1088–1150 Otto … son of Hermann I :1138–1147: Hermann III … son of Hermann II

& :1138–1153: Heinrich I … son of Hermann II :1163–c.1200 Heinrich II … son of Heinrich I; in Upper Salm 58 c.1200–1246 Heinrich III … son of Heinrich II

& c.1200–1239: Friedrich Heinrich … son of Heinrich II; in Blankenburg Friedrich … son of Heinrich III; to Blankenburg :1246–1256: (line extinct 1506)

1246–1292: Heinrich IV … son of Heinrich, son of Heinrich III :1293–1330: Johann I … son of Heinrich IV :1332–1346 Simon I … son of Johann I

& :1332–1343 Nikolaus … son of Johann I; in Püttlingen and Viviers 1343–1368 Johann II … son of Nikolaus; in Püttlingen and Viviers 1346–1386 Johann III … son of Simon I 1386–1397 Simon II … son of Johann III

& 1386–1431 Johann IV … son of Johann III 1431–c.1459 Simon III … son of Johann IV; retained ½ of Salm c.1459–1475 Jakob … son of Simon III

(to the wildgraves/rhinegraves of Salm 1475)

58 Lower Salm passed to count Friedrich II of Vianden, husband of Heinrich I’s daughter Elisabeth.

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Counts of Salm in Viviers (Badenweiler)

1431–1485 Johann V … son of count Johann IV of Upper Salm; retained ½ of Salm 1485–1505 Johann VI … son of Johann V

& 1485–1529 Nikolaus I … son of Johann V; to Neuburg 1529–1530 1505–1548 Johann VII … son of Johann VI 1548–1600 Johann VIII … son of Johann VII

(to Upper Lorraine 1600 59) Wildgraves and Rhinegraves of Salm

House of Stein 1475–1495 Johann V … married Johannette, daughter of Simon III; son of wildgrave/rhinegrave

Johann IV of Dhaun and Kyrburg; wildgrave/rhinegrave 1476 1495–1499 Johann VI … son of Johann V

+ Jakob … son of Johann V; associated in Dhronecken 1495–1507 (division into Salm-Dhaun and Salm-Kyrburg 1499) Wildgraves and Rhinegraves of Salm in Dhaun

1499–1521 Philipp … son of wildgrave/rhinegrave Johann VI of Salm 1521–1561 Philipp Franz … son of Philipp

& 1521–1566 Johann Philipp I … son of Philipp (division into Salm-Salm, Salm-Dhaun, Salm-Neuweiler, and Salm-Grumbach 1561) Wildgraves and Rhinegraves, then Princes of Salm in Salm

1561–1569 Johann Philipp II … son of wildgrave/rhinegrave Philipp Franz of Salm-Dhaun 1569–1608 Friedrich … brother of Johann Philipp II; in Salm-Neuweiler since 1561 1608–1634 Philipp Otto … son of Friedrich; prince 1623 1634–1636 Ludwig … son of Philipp Otto 1636–1663 Leopold Philipp … son of Philipp Otto 1663–1710 Karl Theodor Otto … son of Leopold Philipp; inherited Kyrburg 1688 1710–1738 Ludwig Otto … son of Karl Theodor Otto 1738–1770 Nikolaus Leopold … husband of Dorothea, daughter of Ludwig Otto; son of count

Wilhelm Florentin of Salm-Hoogstraten; prince 1739; duke of Hoogstraten 1741 1770–1771 Ludwig Otto Karl … son of Nikolaus Leopold; abdicated 1771–1773 Maximilian Friedrich Ernst … son of Nikolaus Leopold 1773–1778 Ludwig Otto Karl … restored 1778–1813 Konstantin Alexander … son of Maximilian Friedrich Ernst; mediatized, died 1828

(to France 1810; to Prussia 1815) Wildgraves and Rhinegraves of Salm in Neuweiler

1561–1608 Friedrich … son of wildgrave/rhinegrave Philipp Franz of Salm-Dhaun 1608–1650 Johann Georg … son of Friedrich

& 1608–1673 Friedrich Magnus … son of Friedrich 1673–1676 Karl Florentin … son of Friedrich Magnus 1676–1696 Friedrich Karl … son of Karl Florentin

& 1676–1696 Wilhelm Florentin … son of Karl Florentin; to Hoogstraten 1696–1707

59 Duke François II of Upper Lorraine had married Christina, daughter of Paul, brother of Johann VIII.

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& 1676–1696 Heinrich Gabriel … son of Karl Florentin; to Leuze 1696–1716 (division into Salm-Hoogstraten and Salm-Leuze 1696) Wildgraves and Rhinegraves of Salm in Hoogstraten

1696–1707 Wilhelm Florentin … son of wildgrave/rhinegrave Karl Florentin of Salm-Neuweiler 1707–1738 Nikolaus Leopold … son of Wilhelm Florentin; to Salm-Salm 1738–1770

(union with Salm-Salm 1738; Neuweiler sold to France 1751) Wildgraves and Rhinegraves, then Princes of Salm in Leuze

1696–1714 Heinrich Gabriel … son of wildgrave/rhinegrave Karl Florentin of Salm-Neuweiler 1714–1778 Johann XI … son of Heinrich Gabriel; prince 1742

& 1714–1738 Philipp Joseph … son of Heinrich Gabriel; to Kyrburg 1738–1779 (union with Salm-Kyrburg 1778) Wildgraves and Rhinegraves, then Princes of Salm in Kyrburg

1499–1531 Johann VII … son of wildgrave/rhinegrave Johann VI of Salm 1531–1548 Johann VIII … son of Johann VII 1548–1607 Otto I … son of Johann VIII 1607–1623 Johann IX … son of Otto I; in Mörchingen

& 1607–1651 Johann Kasimir … son of Otto I; in Kyrburg & 1607–1637 Otto II … son of Otto I; in Dhronecken

1623–1638 Johann Philipp … son of Johann IX; in Mörchingen & 1623–1634 Otto Ludwig … son of Johann IX; in Mörchingen

+ Johann X … son of Johann IX; associated in Mörchingen 1623–1627: + Georg … son of Johann IX; associated in Mörchingen 1623–1632:

1634–1688 Johann XI … posthumous son of Otto Ludwig; in Mörchingen; Kyrburg 1681 1638–1656 Bernhard Ludwig … son of Johann Philipp; in Mörchingen 1651–1681 Georg Friedrich … son of Johann Kasimir; in Kyrburg 1688–1710 Karl Theodor Otto … son of prince Leopold Philipp of Salm-Salm 1710–1738 Ludwig Otto … son of Karl Theodor Otto 1738–1779 Philipp Joseph … son of count Heinrich Gabriel of Salm-Leuze; prince 1742 1779–1794 Friedrich III … son of Philipp Joseph 1794–1810 Friedrich IV … son of Friedrich III; mediatized, died 1859

(to France 1810; to Prussia 1815) Counts palatine of Salm-Neuburg

1529–1530 Nikolaus I … son of count Johann V of Salm-Viviers; Salm-Viviers 1485–1529 1529–1550 Nikolaus II … son of Nikolaus I 1550–1580 Nikolaus III … son of Nikolaus II

& 1550–1574 Egino … son of Nikolaus II & 1550–1595 Julius I … son of Nikolaus II

1595–1617 Weichard … son of Julius I 1617–1654 Julius II … son of Weichard

& 1617–1664 Karl … son of Weichard; sold Neuburg to Sinzendorf 1664 1654–1697 Ferdinand Julius … son of Julius II 1697–1702 Franz Leopold … son of Karl 1702–1722 Ernst Leopold … son of Franz Leopold

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1722–1766 Karl Otto … son of Ernst Leopold 1766–1784 Karl Franz Vincenz … son of Karl Otto

(to Lamberg-Stein-Guttenberg 1784) SALM-REIFFERSCHEIDT

Lower Salm (Niedersalm) passed through marriage to the House of Vianden, and by the end of the 12th century a separate line of the family ruled there. This family became extinct in 1415, and the last count bequeathed his lands to a distant cousin, Johann VI of Reifferscheidt. He kept Lower Salm after a division of estates with his nephew in 1456, and took the title count of Lower Salm in 1470. His descendants augmented the line’s holdings with the inheritance of the baronies of Bedbur and Hakenbroich in 1600, and the count adopted the title Altgraf, reflecting the historical seniority of Lower over Upper Salm. The Treaty of Lunéville gave Bedbur and Reifferscheidt to France, and the count was compensated with the lordship of Krautheim, carved out of the bishopric of Mainz in 1803. In 1804 he was promoted to prince, but the principality was mediatized in favor of Bade and Württemberg. The list includes only the princely branch of the family.

Counts of Lower Salm (Niedersalm)

Sponheim House of Vianden :1163–c.1175 Friedrich … husband of Elisabeth, daughter of count Heinrich I of Salm; son of count

Friedrich I of Vianden; abdicated, died c.1187 c.1175–:1214 Wilhelm I … son of Friedrich :1214–:1246 Heinrich II … son of Wilhelm I

:1246–c.1258 Heinrich III … son of Heinrich II c.1258–c.1291 Wilhelm II … son of Heinrich III

c.1291–1296 Wilhelm III … son of Wilhelm II 1296–1301 Heinrich IV … son of Wilhelm III 1301–1339: Heinrich V … son of Wilhelm II :1340–1359: Heinrich VI … son of Heinrich V :1360–1415 Heinrich VII … son of Heinrich VI

(to Reifferscheidt 1415) Counts of Lower Salm in Reifferscheidt, Princes of Krautheim

Limburg House of Reifferscheidt 1415–1475 Johann VI … son of Johann V of Reifferscheidt; count of Lower Salm-Reifferscheidt 1470 1475–1479 Johann VII … son of Johann VI 1479–1505 Peter … son of Johann VI 1505–1537 Johann VIII … son of Peter 1537–1559 Johann IX … son of Johann VIII 1559–1629 Werner … son of Johann IX; inherited Bedbur and Hakenbroich 1600; Altgraf 1628 1629–1639 Ernst Friedrich … son of Werner 1639–1678 Erich Adolf … son of Ernst Friedrich

Ernst Salentin … son of Ernst Friedrich; to Dyck 1639–1684 (line continued) 1678–1734 Franz Wilhelm … son of Erich Adolf 1734–1755 Karl Anton … son of Franz Wilhelm

Leopold Anton … son of Franz Wilhelm; to Hainspach 1734–1769 (line continued) Anton Joseph Franz … son of Franz Wilhelm; to Raitz 1734–1769 (line continued)

1755–1786 Franz Nikolaus … son of Karl Anton & 1755–1798 Siegmund … son of Karl Anton

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1798–1806 Franz Wilhelm … son of Siegmund; prince 1804; mediatized, died 1831 (divided between Bade and Württemberg 1806) SAXONY (SACHSEN)

The Saxons settled Saxony by the mid-2nd century. In the 5th century they joined the Angles and the Jutes in colonizing southeastern Britain (England). Those who continued to inhabit Saxony were subjugated and converted to Christianity by the Franks of Charlemagne between 772 and 804. When the Carolingian Empire divided in 843, Saxony became one of the three main divisions of the East Frankish Kingdom (Germany). In the mid-9th century the eastern portion of the duchy of Saxony came under the rule of Liudolf, whose son Otto can be called the first real duke of Saxony. Otto’s son Heinrich was elected German king in 919, and Heinrich’s son Otto became not only German king, but also emperor in 962. Secure in his status as monarch, Otto transferred the duchy of Saxony to his vassal Hermann, whose family (the Billungs) retained control of the duchy until it died out in the male line in 1106. The Billung dukes campaigned against the Slavs and remained loyal to the Saxon and Salian emperors until the revolt of duke Magnus in the 1070s. In 1106 emperor Heinrich V appointed Lothar of Supplinburg as duke as reward for earlier support, but Lothar nevertheless ended up opposing the emperor. On Heinrich V’s death in 1125 Lothar was chosen by the nobility as the next monarch of Germany. His son-in-law, the Welf duke of Bavaria Heinrich the Proud succeeded in Saxony, but his attempt to acquire the monarchy pitted him against the Hohenstaufen heirs of the Salians, who dispossessed Heinrich in 1138 and transferred the duchy to the Ascanian count Albrecht the Bear, a grandson of the last Billung duke Magnus. Heinrich the Proud’s son Heinrich the Lion recovered the duchy in 1142 and held it for almost four decades, until his insubordination to emperor Friedrich I Barbarossa led to his dispossession in 1180. The emperor’s intervention in 1180 effectively dismembered the duchy: Heinrich the Lion kept his personal possessions in Lower Saxony (the counties of Brunswick and Lüneburg), Westphalia was granted to the archbishops of Cologne, and Upper Saxony in the east, with the ducal title, was given back to the Ascanian family. The Ascanians divided into two “Saxon” branches, the dukes of Saxe-Wittenberg and the dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg, not counting the margraves of Brandenburg and the princes of Anhalt. The duke of Saxe-Wittenberg was pre-eminent, and acquired the status of elector in 1356, but the line died out in 1422. Emperor Sigismund invested the Wettin margrave of Meissen with the electorate of Saxony in 1423. With a sizeable agglomeration of possessions (Meissen, Lusatia, and Thuringia were not originally part of electoral Saxony), the Wettins effectively divided their lands between the Ernestine and Albertine branches of the family. When the Ernestine elector Johann Friedrich supported the Reformation, he was defeated and deposed in 1547, and was replaced with his Catholic Albertine cousin, Moritz of Meissen. Johann Friedrich’s sons were allowed to keep the so-called Saxon Duchies located mostly on the territory of Thuringia. The Albertine electors of Saxony kept the electorate together and retained suzerainty over apanage branches established at Weissenfels, Merseburg, and Zeitz. Under the ambitious Friedrich August I and his heirs, the electors secured the throne of Poland twice (1697 and 1733), and became kings of Saxony in 1806, as allies of the French emperor Napoléon I Bonaparte. After the defeat of France, the kingdom of Saxony was deprived of just over half its lands (including Wittenberg and Görlitz) by Prussia. In 1866 Saxony sided with Austria against Prussia but retained its territory and joined the German Empire in 1871. The monarchy ended in 1918.

Dukes of Saxony

Liudolfing House 844–866 Liudolf … count, then duke in East Saxony 866–880 Bruno … son of Liudolf 880–912 Otto I, the Illustrious … son of Liudolf 912–936 Heinrich I, the Fowler … son of Otto I; German king 919–936 936–968 Otto II, the Great … son of Heinrich I; abdicated; German king 936–973

House of Billung 968–973 Hermann … son of count Billung; margrave since 953, duke by 968

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973–1011 Bernhard I … son of Hermann 1011–1059 Bernhard II … son of Bernhard I 1059–1072 Ordulf … son of Bernhard II 1072–1106 Magnus … son of Ordulf

House of Supplinburg 1106–1137 Lothar … son of count Gebhard of Supplinburg; German king 1125–1137

Welf House of Este 1137–1138 Heinrich II, the Proud … husband of Gertrud, daughter of Lothar; son of duke Heinrich IX

of Bavaria by Wulfhild, daughter of Magnus; deposed, died 1139 Ascanian House of Brandenburg

1138–1142 Albrecht, the Bear … son of count Otto of Ballenstedt by Eilika, daughter of Magnus; deposed; Nordmark/Brandenburg 1134–1170

Welf House of Este 1142–1180 Heinrich III, the Lion … son of Heinrich II; deposed, died 1195

(duchy broken up 1180; title to the dukes of Saxe-Wittenberg) Ascanian Dukes and Electors of Saxony or Saxe-Wittenberg (Sachsen-Wittenberg)

Ascanian House of Brandenburg 1180–1212 Bernhard … son of duke Albrecht of Saxony 1212–1260 Albrecht I … son of Bernhard 1260–1282 Johann I … son of Albrecht I; abdicated, died 1285

& 1260–1298 Albrecht II … son of Albrecht I 1298–1356 Rudolf I … son of Albrecht II 1356–1370 Rudolf II … son of Rudolf I; elector from 1356 1370–1388 Wenzel … son of Rudolf I 1388–1419 Rudolf III … son of Wenzel 1419–1422 Albrecht III … son of Wenzel

(to the Wettin dukes of Saxony 1423) Wettin Electors of Saxony (Sachsen)

House of Wettin 1423–1428 Friedrich I, the Warlike … son of margrave Friedrich III of Meissen 1428–1464 Friedrich II, the Mild … son of Friedrich I

Ernestine Line 1464–1486 Ernst … son of Friedrich II 1486–1525 Friedrich III, the Wise … son of Ernst 1525–1532 Johann, the Steadfast … son of Ernst 1532–1547 Johann Friedrich, the Magnanimous … son of Johann; deposed, died 1554

Albertine Line 1547–1553 Moritz … son of margrave Heinrich IV of Meissen, son of margrave Albrecht III, son of

Friedrich II 1553–1586 Albrecht … brother of Moritz 1586–1591 Christian I … son of Albrecht 1591–1611 Christian II … son of Christian I 1611–1656 Johann Georg I … son of Christian I 1656–1680 Johann Georg II … son of Johann Georg I 1680–1691 Johann Georg III … son of Johann Georg II 1691–1694 Johann Georg IV … son of Johann Georg III

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1694–1733 Friedrich August I, the Strong … son of Johann Georg III; Poland 1697–1706, 1709–1733 1733–1763 Friedrich August II, the Fat … son of Friedrich August I; also Poland

1763 Friedrich Christian … son of Friedrich August II; 74 days 1763–1806 Friedrich August III, the Just … son of Friedrich Christian; king of Saxony 1806–1827

Kings of Saxony (Sachsen)

1806–1827 Friedrich August I, the Just … former elector 1763–1806; Poland 1807–1815 60 1827–1836 Anton, the Kind … brother of Friedrich August I 1836–1854 Friedrich August II … son of Maximilian, brother of Friedrich August I; associated 1830 1854–1873 Johann … brother of Friedrich August II 1873–1902 Albert … son of Johann 1902–1904 Georg … son of Johann 1904–1918 Friedrich August III … son of Georg; deposed, died 1932

(republic 1918) Dukes of Saxony in Weissenfels

1650–1680 August … son of elector Johann Georg I of Saxony 1680–1697 Johann Adolf I … son of August 1697–1712 Johann Georg … son of Johann Adolf I 1712–1736 Christian … son of Johann Adolf I 1736–1746 Johann Adolf II … son of Johann Adolf I

(to Saxony 1746) Dukes of Saxony in Merseburg

1650–1691 Christian I … son of elector Johann Georg I of Saxony 1691–1694 Christian II … son of Christian I 1694–1731 Moritz Wilhelm … son of Christian II 1731–1738 Heinrich … son of Christian I

(to Saxony 1738) Dukes of Saxony in Zeitz

1650–1681 Moritz … son of elector Johann Georg I of Saxony 1681–1718 Moritz Wilhelm … son of Moritz

(to Saxony 1718) Dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg (Sachsen-Lauenburg)

Ascanian House of Brandeburg 1203–1282 (to Denmark 1203; to Saxony 1227) 1282–1321 Johann II … son of duke Johann I of Saxony61; in Mölln; to Bergedorf-Mölln 1321–1322

& 1282–1321 Erich I … brother of Johann II; in Lauenburg and Bergedorf; Ratzeburg 1308; to Ratzeburg-Lauenburg 1321–1338, died 1361

& 1282–1308 Albrecht III … brother of Erich I; in Ratzeburg (division into Bergedorf-Mölln and Ratzeburg-Lauenburg 1321)

60 In Prussian captivity during Prussian occupation of Saxony 1813–1815. 61 Until 1296, the brothers Johann II, Albrecht III, and Erich I were under the regency of their uncle, duke Albrecht II of Saxony.

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Dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg in Bergedorf and Mölln 1321–1322 Johann II … son of duke Johann I of Saxony; Saxe-Lauenburg 1282–1321 1322–1343 Albrecht IV … son of Johann II 1343–1356: Johann III … son of Albrecht IV :1359–1367: Albrecht V … son of Albrecht IV :1370–1401 Erich III … son of Albrecht IV

(to Ratzeburg-Lauenburg 1401) Dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg in Ratzeburg and Lauenburg

1321–1338 Erich I … son of duke Johann I of Saxony; Saxe-Lauenburg 1282–1321; abdicated, died 1361 1338–1368 Erich II … son of Erich I 1368–1412 Erich IV … son of Erich II; inherited Bergedorf-Mölln 1401 1412–1436 Erich V … son of Erich IV

& 1412–1414 Johann III … son of Erich IV 1436–1463 Bernhard II … son of Erich IV 1463–1507 Johann IV … son of Bernhard II 1507–1543 Magnus I … son of Johann IV 1543–1581 Franz I … son of Magnus I 1581–1603 Magnus II … son of Franz I 1603–1619 Franz II … son of Franz I 1619–1656 August … son of Franz II 1656–1665 Julius Heinrich … son of Franz II 1665–1666 Franz Erdmann … son of Julius Heinrich 1666–1689 Julius Franz … son of Julius Heinrich

Welf House of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Celle 1689–1705 Georg Wilhelm … son of duke Georg of Brunswick-Lüneburg Calenberg, son of duke

Wilhelm II of Lüneburg-Lüneburg by Dorothea, daughter of king Christian III of Denmark by Dorothea, daughter of Magnus I

Welf House of Hanover 1705–1727 Georg I … son of elector Ernst August of Hanover, brother of Georg Wilhelm; husband

of Sophia Dorothea, daughter of Georg Wilhelm; Great Britain 1714–1727 1727–1760 Georg II … son of Georg I; also Great Britain 1760–1803 Georg III … son of Friedrich Ludwig, son of Georg II; deposed; Great Britain 1760–1820 1803–1813 (to France) 1813–1815 Georg III … restored; abdicated, died 1820

Oldenburg House of Denmark 1815–1839 Friedrich I … son of king Christian VII of Denmark, son of king Frederik V by Louise,

daughter of Georg II; Denmark 1808–1839; Norway 1808–1814 1839–1848 Christian I … son of Frederik, son of king Frederik V of Denmark; also Denmark 1848–1863 Friedrich II … son of Christian I; also Denmark 1863–1864 Christian II … son of duke Friedrich Wilhelm of Sonderburg-Glücksburg by Louise,

daughter of landgrave Karl of Hesse-Cassel by Louise, daughter of king Frederik V of Denmark; deposed; Denmark 1863–1906

Hohenzollern House of Prussia 1864–1876 Wilhelm … son of king Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia, son of king Friedrich Wilhelm II,

son of August Wilhelm, son of king Friedrich Wilhelm I by Sophia Dorothea, daughter of Georg I; Prussia 1861–1888; German emperor 1871–1888

(union with Prussia 1876)

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SAXON DUCHIES (see Thuringia) SAYN-WITTGENSTEIN

The counts of Sayn ruling north of Koblenz and east of the Rhine were descended from the counts of Sponheim and divided into several branches. In the 14th century Salentin of Sayn-Homburg acquired the county of Wittgenstein by marriage, and founded the line of Sayn-Wittgenstein. Ludwig I of Sayn-Wittgenstein reunited all the Sayn lands under his rule, but after his death they were divided among his three sons in 1607. The senior lineages of two of these lines, Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg and Sayn-Wittgenstein-Wittgenstein, eventually attained the status of imperial princes in 1792 and 1804, respectively. The family was mediatized in 1806, and its possessions passed to Prussia. The list below includes only those branches of the Sayn-Wittgenstein family that attained princely rank.

Counts of Sayn-Homburg, then Sayn-Wittgenstein

Sponheim House of Sayn 1266–c.1284 Gottfried I … son of count Johann I of Sponheim-Starkenburg

Johann I … son of Gottfried I; to Sayn-Sayn c.1284–1324 (line extinct 1606) c.1284–1336 Engelbert … son of Gottfried I

1336–1354 Gottfried II … son of Engelbert 1361–1384 Salentin … son of Gottfried II; inherited Wittgenstein; abdicated, died 1391 1384–1427 Johann IV … son of Salentin 1427–1469 Georg I … son of Johann IV 1469–1492 Johann V … son of Johann IV 1469–1494 Eberhard … son of Georg I 1494–1568 Wilhelm I … son of Eberhard

& 1494–1551 Johann VI … son of Eberhard 1568–1605 Ludwig I … son of Wilhelm I 1605–1607 Georg II … son of Ludwig I; to Berleburg 1607–1631

& 1605–1607 Wilhelm II … son of Ludwig I; to Hachenburg 1607–1623 (line continued) & 1605–1607 Ludwig II … son of Ludwig I; to Wittgenstein 1607–1634

(division into Berleburg, Hachenburg, and Wittgenstein 1607) Counts and Princes of Sayn-Wittgenstein in Berleburg

1607–1631 Georg II … son of count Ludwig I of Sayn-Wittgenstein; Sayn-Wittgenstein 1605–1607 1631–1643 Ludwig Kasimir … son of Georg II

Ernst … son of Georg II; to Homburg 1631–1649 (line extinct 1743) 1643–1684 Georg Wilhelm … son of Ludwig Kasimir 1684–1694 Ludwig Franz I … son of Georg Wilhelm 1694–1741 Kasimir … son of Ludwig Franz I

Karl Wilhelm … son of Ludwig Franz I; to Karlsburg 1694–1749 (line continued) Ludwig Franz II … son of Ludwig Franz I; to Ludwigsburg 1694–1750 (line continued)

1741–1773 Ludwig Ferdinand … son of Kasimir 1773–1800 Christian Heinrich … son of Ludwig Ferdinand; prince 1792 1800–1806 Albrecht … son of Christian Heinrich; mediatized, died 1851

(to Prussia 1806) Counts of Sayn-Wittgenstein in Wittgenstein

1607–1634 Ludwig II … son of count Ludwig I of Sayn-Wittgenstein; Sayn-Wittgenstein 1605–1607

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1634–1657 Johann VII … son of Ludwig II 1657–1683 Christian Ludwig … son of Johann VII

& 1657–1698 Gustav Otto … son of Johann VII; in Hohenstein; abdicated, died 1701 Friedrich Wilhelm … son of Johann VII; to Vallendar 1657–1685 (line extinct 1776)

1698–1723 Heinrich Albrecht … son of Gustav Otto 1723–1735 August David … son of Gustav Otto 1735–1756 Friedrich I … son of August David 1756–1796 Johann Ludwig … son of Friedrich I 1796–1806 Friedrich II Karl … son of Johann Ludwig; prince 1804; mediatized, died 1827

& 1796–1806 Wilhelm … son of Johann Ludwig; prince 1804; mediatized, died 1851 (to Prussia 1806) SCHAUMBURG-LIPPE

In 1646 count Philipp I of Lippe-Alverdissen inherited a portion of the county of Schaumburg in Angria (Lower Saxony) from his sister Elisabeth. On Philipp I’s death in 1681 his two sons divided Schaumburg and Alverdissen, which remained separate until the latter line inherited the former in 1777. In 1807 the count was given the title of prince and entered the Confederation of the Rhine. Avoiding mediatization, the county entered the German Confederation in 1815 and the German Empire in 1871, surviving until 1918.

Counts and Princes of Schaumburg-Lippe

House of Lippe 1646–1681 Philipp I … son of count Simon VI of Lippe; count of Schaumburg-Lippe 1681–1728 Friedrich Christian … son of Philipp I 1728–1748 Albrecht Wolfgang … son of Friedrich Christian 1748–1777 Wilhelm Friedrich … son of Albrecht Wolfgang 1777–1787 Philipp II … son of count Friedrich Ernst of Alverdissen, son of count Philipp Ernst, son

of Philipp I 1787–1860 Georg I … son of Philipp II; prince 1807 1860–1893 Adolf I … son of Georg I 1893–1911 Georg II … son of Adolf I 1911–1918 Adolf II … son of Georg II; deposed, died 1936

(to Germany 1918) SCHLEIDEN

In 1445 the lordship of Schleiden in Lower Lorraine passed by marriage to the House of Manderscheid, and remained under its control until the extinction of the eldest male line in 1593. After a prolongued inheritance dispute, Schleiden passed to Philipp of Mark-Arenberg, baron of Lummen. The House of Mark held the county of Schleiden despite French occupation and an Imperial confiscation until the male line became extinct in 1773. At that point, the county was inherited by the duke of Arenberg.62

Counts of Schleiden

House of Mark-Arenberg 1611–1613 Philipp … son of Johann II, son of Johann I, son of Wilhelm, son of Johann of Sedan;

husband of Katharina, daughter of count Dietrich V of Manderscheid 1613–1654 Ernst … son of Philipp

62 Countess Luisa Margareta, daughter of Ludwig Peter, having married duke Karl Maria Raimund of Arenberg.

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1654–1674 Johann Friedrich … son of Ernst 1674–1680 Franz Anton … son of Ernst 1680–1682 Johann Berthold Franz … son of Franz Anton; deposed, died 1697 1682–1701 (to France 1682; to the Empire 1697) 1701–1750 Ludwig Peter Engelbert … son of Franz Anton 1750–1773 Ludwig Peter … son of Ludwig Peter Engelbert

(to Arenberg 1773) SCHÖNBORN

The House of Schönborn family originated in the area of the Palatinate and came to govern territories in Franconia and in the Habsburg lands. Philipp Erwin, who had pruchased the lordship of Heusenstamm, was promoted to baron in 1663, and his sons were made imperial counts in 1701. A generation later, Rudolf Franz Erwin obtained the immediate lordship of Wiesentheid by marriage to its heiress. Although the territory of the Schönborn state was very small, several members of the family gave it disproportionate importance, by becaming archbishops of Mainz and Trier, and bishops of Bamberg, Würzburg, Speyer, Konstanz, and Worms. In 1806 the county was mediatized in favor of the Kingdom of Bavaria.

Counts of Schönborn

House of Schönborn 1663–1668 Philipp Erwin … son of Georg IV of Schönborn; baron 1663 1668–1705 Johann Erwin … son of Philipp Erwin; imperial count 1701

& 1668–1717 Melchior Friedrich … son of Philipp Erwin; imperial count 1701 1717–1754 Rudolf Franz Erwin … son of Melchior Friedrich; in Wiesentheid

& 1717–1726 Anselm Franz … son of Melchior Friedrich; in Heusenstamm 1727–1801 Eugen Franz … posthumous son of Anselm Franz; in Heusenstamm 1754–1772 Joseph Franz Bonaventura … son of Rudolf Fran Erwin; in Wiesentheid 1772–1806 Damian Hugo Erwin … son of Joseph Franz Bonaventura; in Wiesentheid; inheirted

Heusenstamm 1801; mediatized, died 1817 (to Bavaria 1806) SCHÖNBURG-WALDENBURG

The Saxon lords of Schönburg divided their possessions among several family lines. Some of their possessions were held directly from the emperor, while others were held from the elector of Saxony, leading to some friction over the legal status of the house. The senior family line, Schönburg-Waldenburg, was promoted to the dignity of count in 1700, and to that of prince in 1790. In 1806 the principality of Schönburg was mediatized, passing under the control of the kingdom of Saxony. The list includes only the princely line.

Counts and Princes of Schönburg in Waldenburg

House of Schönburg 1681–1701 Otto Ludwig … son of Otto Albrecht of Schönburg-Waldenburg-Hartenstein; count 1700

Georg Albrecht … son of Otto Ludwig; to Hartenstein 1701–1716 (line extinct 1786) Otto Wilhelm … son of Otto Ludwig; to Lichtenstein 1701–1747 (line extinct 1750)

1701–1736 Ludwig Friedrich … son of Otto Ludwig; in Schwarzenbach 1736–1765 Albrecht Karl … son of Ludwig Friedrich 1765–1800 Otto Karl Friedrich … son of Albrecht Karl; prince 1790

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1800–1806 Otto Victor … son of Otto Karl Friedrich; mediatized, died 1859 (to Saxony 1806)

SCHWARZBURG

The Thuringian House of Schwarzburg appeared in the first half of the 12th century and quickly subdivided into several branches. A member of the house, Günther XXI, was elected king in 1349 but abdicated and died the same year. By the second half of the 16th century the only remaining line was that of Schwarzburg-Blankenburg. In 1583 the surviving heirs of the line divided their inheritance into three branches. The lines of Sondershausen and Rudolstadt survived until the 20th century, having obtained the rank of imperial princes in 1697 and joined the German Empire in 1871. In 1909 the line of Sondershausen became extinct and was inherited by the line of Rudolstadt. The list does not include those branches of the family that did not attain princely rank. The conventional numbering of the rulers includes numerous non-reigning members of the family, among them clerics.

Counts of Schwarzburg

House of Schwarzburg :1100–c.1109 Günther I … son of count Sizzo II; count in Thuringia c.1109–1160 Sizzo … son of Günther I; count of Schwarzburg by 1137

1160–1184 Heinrich I … son of Sizzo; in Schwarzburg 1169 & 1160–1197 Günther II … son of Sizzo; in Käfernburg 1169, Schwarzburg 1184

1197–1246 Heinrich II … son of Günther II; in Blankenburg Günther III … son of Günther II; to Käfernburg 1197–1218: (line extinct 1385) Liudolf II … son of Günther II; to Hallermund 1197–1255 (line extinct 1411)

1246–1259 Heinrich III … son of Heinrich II; in Leutenberg & 1246–1274 Günther VII … son of Heinrich II; in Blankenburg

1259–1283 Heinrich IV … son of Heinrich III; in Leutenberg & 1259–1307 Günther VIII … son of Heinrich III; in Blankenburg

1274–1289 Günther IX … son of Günther VII; in Schwarzburg 1275 & 1274–1275 Heinrich V … son of Günther VII; to Blankenburg 1275–1285 & 1274–1275 Günther X … son of Günther VII; to Kranichfeld 1275–1286

1289–1293 Heinrich VI … son of Günther IX; in Wachsenburg & 1289–1308 Günther XII … son of Günther IX; in Wachsenburg

1308–1357 Heinrich IX … son of Günther XII; in Schwarzburg 1340 & 1308–1340 Günther XVIII … son of Günther XII; to Wachsenburg 1340–1354 & 1308–1326 Heinrich XI … son of Günther XII & 1308–1320 Günther XIX … son of Günther XII

1357–1382 Günther XXII … son of Heinrich IX; in Schwarzburg 1362 & 1357–1397 Günther XXVII … son of Heinrich IX; in Ilmenau 1362–1382 & 1357–1362 Heinrich XV … son of Heinrich IX; to Leutenberg 1362–1402

(to Wachsenburg 1397) Counts of Schwarzburg in Leutenberg

1362–1402 Heinrich XV … son of count Heinrich IX of Schwarzburg; Schwarzburg 1357–1362 1402–1438 Heinrich XXII … son of Heinrich XV

& 1402–c.1440 Günther XXXIV … son of Heinrich XV & 1402–1435 Sighard II … son of Heinrich XV

1438–1463 Heinrich XXV … son of Heinrich XXII

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1463–1521 Balthasar II … son of Heinrich XXV; abdicated, died 1525 1521–1555 Johann Heinrich … son of Balthasar II 1555–1560 Sighard III … son of Johann Heinrich

& 1555–1564 Philipp I … son of Johann Heinrich (to Schwarzburg-Blankenburg 1564) Counts of Schwarzburg in Wachsenburg

1340–1354 Günther XVIII … son of Günther XII of Schwarzburg; Schwarzburg 1308–1340 1354–1407 Johann II … son of Günther XVIII

& 1354–1362 Günther XXVI … son of Günther XVIII; inherited Schwarzburg 1397 & 1354–1367 Sighard I … son of Günther XVIII

1407–1450 Günther XXXII … son of Günther XXX, son of Johann II (to Schwarzburg-Blankenburg 1450) Counts of Schwarzburg in Blankenburg

1275–1285 Heinrich V … son of Günther VII; Schwarzburg 1274–1275 1285–1324 Heinrich VII … son of Heinrich V

& 1285–1352 Günther XV … son of Heinrich V 1324–1336 Heinrich X … son of Heinrich VII

& 1324–1349 Günther XXI … son of Heinrich VII; German king 1349 1336–1372 Heinrich XII … son of Heinrich X; in Sondershausen

& 1336–1368 Günther XXV … son of Heinrich X; in Frankenhausen 1349–1357 Heinrich XIII … son of Günther XXI 1368–1413 Heinrich XX … son of Günther XXV; in Frankenhausen

& 1368–1416 Günther XXIX … son of Günther XXV; in Frankenhausen; in retirement 1376–1413 1372–1385 Heinrich XVIII … son of Heinrich XII; in Sondershausen and Rudolstadt

& 1372–1418 Günther XXVIII … son of Heinrich XII; in Ranis; Rudolstadt 1385 1416–1444 Heinrich XXIV, the Warlike … son of Günther XXIX 1444–1488 Heinrich XXVI … son of Heinrich XXIV 1488–1493 Günther XXXVI … son of Heinrich XXVI; in Rudolstadt; abdicated, died 1503

& 1488–1531 Günther XXXIX … son of Heinrich XXVI; in Blankenburg & 1488–1522 Heinrich XXX … son of Heinrich XXVI; in Blankenburg

1491–1524 Heinrich XXXI … son of Günther XXXVIII, son of Heinrich XXVI; abdicated, died 1526 1524–1552 Günther XL, Fatmouth … son of Heinrich XXXI

& 1524–1528 Heinrich XXXIII … son of Heinrich XXXI; in Keula & 1524–1537 Heinrich XXXIV … son of Heinrich XXXI

1531–1538 Heinrich XXXII … son of Günther XXXIX 1552–1583 Günther XLI, the Wrangler … son of Günther XL

& 1552–1571 Johann Günther I … son of Günther XL; to Sondershausen 1571–1586 & 1552–1571 Wilhelm … son of Günther XL; to Frankenhausen 1571–1597 & 1552–1571 Albrecht VII … son of Günther XL; to Rudolstadt 1571–1586

(division into Sondershausen, Frankenhausen, and Rudolstadt 1583) Counts of Schwarzburg in Sondershausen

1571–1586 Johann Günther I … son of count Günther XL of Blanenburg; Blankenburg 1552–1571 1586–1643 Günther XLII … son of Johann Günther I

& 1586–1638 Anton Heinrich … son of Johann Günther I

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& 1586–1631 Johann Günther II … son of Johann Günther I & 1586–1642 Christian Günther I … son of Johann Günther I

1642–1666 Christian Günther II, the Pious … son of Christian Günther I; in Arnstadt & 1642–1666 Anton Günther I … son of Christian Günther I; in Sondershausen & 1642–1681 Ludwig Günther II … son of Christian Günther I; in Ebeleben; Arnstadt 1669

1666–1669 Johann Günther IV … son of Christian Günther II; in Arnstadt 1666–1721 Christian Wilhelm … son of Anton Günther I; in Sondershausen; Arnstadt and Ebeleben

1716; prince 1697 & 1666–1716 Anton Günther II … son of Anton Günther I; in Sondershausen; Arnstadt and Ebeleben

1681; prince 1697 1721–1740 Günther XLIII … son of Christian Wilhelm 1740–1758 Heinrich XXXV … son of Christian Wilhelm 1758–1794 Christian Günther III … son of August, son of Christian Wilhelm 1794–1835 Günther Friedrich Karl I … son of Christian Günther III; deposed, died 1837 1835–1880 Günther Friedrich Karl II … son of Günther Friedrich Karl I; abdicated, died 1889 1880–1909 Karl Günther II … son of Günther Friedrich Karl II

(to Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt 1909) Counts of Schwarzburg in Rudolstadt

1571–1605 Albrecht VII … son of count Günther XL of Blankenburg; Blankenburg 1552–1571 1605–1630 Karl Günther I … son of Albrecht VII; in Kranichfeld

& 1605–1646 Ludwig Günther I … son of Albrecht VII; in Leutenberg & 1605–1634 Albrecht Günther … son of Albrecht VII; in Ilmenau

1646–1710 Albrecht Anton … son of Ludwig Günther I; prince 1697 1710–1718 Ludwig Friedrich I … son of Albrecht Anton 1718–1744 Friedrich Anton … son of Ludwig Friedrich I 1744–1767 Johann Friedrich … son of Friedrich Anton 1767–1790 Ludwig Günther IV … son of Ludwig Friedrich I 1790–1793 Friedrich Karl … son of Ludwig Günther IV; associated 1767 1793–1807 Ludwig Friedrich II … son of Friedrich Karl 1807–1867 Günther I … son of Ludwig Friedrich II 1867–1869 Albert … son of Ludwig Friedrich II 1869–1890 Georg … son of Albert 1890–1918 Günther II … son of Adolf, son of Karl, son of Friedrich Karl; deposed, died 1925

(to Germany 1918) SCHWARZENBERG

A branch of the comital family of Seinsheim, the lords of Schwarzenberg attained the rank of imperial count in 1599. In 1642 Johann Adolf succeeded a distant cousin as count of Hohenlandsberg, and in 1670 he was promoted to prince. The princely county of Schwarzenberg in Franconia and the princely landgraviate of Klettgau in Swabia qualified the family to a place among the secular princes of the Holy Roman Empire. At the dissolution of the Empire the family was mediatized, and Schwarzenberg passed to Bavaria, while Klettgau passed to Bade.

Counts and Princes of Schwarzenberg

Seinsheim House of Schwarzenberg 1599–1600 Adolf … son of Wilhelm II of Schwarzenberg; count

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1600–1625 Adam … son of Adolf; abdicated, died 1641 1625–1683 Johann Adolf … son of Adam; count of Hohenlandsberg 1642; prince 1670 1683–1703 Ferdinand Wilhelm Eusebius … son of Johann Adolf; landgrave of Klettgau 1696 1703–1732 Adam Franz … son of Ferdinand Wilhelm Eusebius; duke of Krumau 1723 1732–1782 Joseph I Adam … son of Adam Franz 1782–1789 Johann … son of Joseph Adam 1789–1806 Joseph II Johann … son of Johann; mediatized, died 1833

(Schwarzenberg to Bavaria, Klettgau to Bade 1806)

SCHWEINFURT

The margraves of Schweinfurt were descended from the Luitpolding dukes of Bavaria and managed to secure for themselves a portion of eastern Franconia and northern Bavaria (the Bavarian Nordgau), even after the duchy had passed into the hands of other noble lineages. Margrave Otto served as duke of Swabia, but on his death in 1057 his lands were divided among his daughters. Schweinfurt itself passed to Otto’s son-in-law, the Ezzonid Heinrich, both of whose sons became clergymen, resulting in the extinction of the male line in 1112. The last count, a bishop of Eichstätt, left his holdings to his bishopric.

Margraves of Schweinfurt

Luitpolding House of Bavaria c.940–980 Berthtold … son of (?) duke Arnulf of Bavaria; margrave of Nordau 976? 980–1017 Heinrich I (Hezilo) … son of Berthold; margrave of Nordgau until 1004

1017–1057 Otto, the White … son of Heinrich; duke of Swabia 1048–1057 Ezzonid House of Lorraine

1057–1078 Heinrich II … husband of Beatrix, daughter of Otto; son of (?) duke Otto II of Swabia 1078–1104 Konrad … son of Heinrich II 1104–1112 Eberhard … son of Heinrich II; bishop of Eichstätt

(to the bishopric of Eichstätt 1112) SINZENDORF-ERNSTBRUNN

The Austrian/Bavarian baron of Sinzendorf and Ernstbrunn purchased the burgraviate of Rheineck and was promoted to imperial count in 1653. By the Treaty of Lunéville in 1801, Prosper of Sinzendorf lost Rheineck to France (it was recovered by Prussia in 1815), and was compensated with the title of prince and a new burgraviate at Winterrieden, carved out of the lands of the Ochsenhausen abbey in 1803. In 1806 the principality was mediatized and passed to Bavaria.

Counts and Princes of Sinzendorf-Ernstbrunn

House of Sinzendorf 1653–1677 Rudolf … son of August of Sinzendorf-Ernstbrunn; burgrave of Rheineck and count 1653 1677–1706 Theodor … son of Rudolf 1706–1713 Otto Heinrich … son of Rudolf 1713–1747 Siegmund Rudolf … son of Rudolf 1747–1756 Prosper Anton … son of Johann Weikhard, son of Johann Joachim, brother of Rudolf 1756–1773 Wenzel Johann Eustach … son of Prosper Anton 1773–1806 Prosper … son of Wenzel Johann Eustach; prince 1803; mediatized, died 1822

(to Bavaria 1806)

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SOLMS

The ancient comital house of Solms in the Wetterau north of Frankfurt ruled districts surrounded by the holdings of Nassau and Hesse-Darmstadt by the 12th century. The counts of Solms divided into two main branches in 1409: Braunfels and Hohensolms (Upper Solms). The count of Solms-Braunfels was promoted to prince in 1742, that of Hohensolms in 1792. When both lines were mediatized in 1806, their possessions were divided between Nassau and Hesse-Darmstadt. The list includes only those lines that attained princely rank.

Counts and Princes of Solms in Braunfels

House of Solms :1312–1347: Bernhard I … son of count Heinrich IV of Solms-Braunfels :1349–1361 Heinrich VI … son of Bernhard I

& :1349–c.1410 Otto I … son of Bernhard I c.1410–1459 Bernhard II … son of Otto I

& c.1410–1436 Johann … son of Otto I; to Hohesolms-Lich 1436–1457 1459–1504 Otto II … son of Bernhard II 1504–1547 Bernhard III … son of Otto II 1547–1581 Philipp … son of Bernhard III 1581–1592 Konrad … son of Philipp 1592–1607 Johann Albrecht I … son of Konrad; to Braunfels 1607–1623 (line extinct 1693)

& 1592–1635 Wilhelm I … son of Konrad; in Greiffenstein 1607 & 1592–1607 Otto III … son of Konrad; to Hungen 1607–1610 & 1592–1607 Reinhard … son of Konrad; to Hungen 1607–1630 (line extinct 1678)

1635 Johann Konrad … son of Wilhelm I 1635–1676 Wilhelm II … son of Wihelm I 1676–1724 Wilhelm Moritz … son of Wilhelm II; inherited Braunfels and Hungen 1693 1724–1761 Friedrich Wilhelm … son of Wilhelm Moritz; prince 1742 1761–1783 Friedrich Wilhelm Ernst … son of Friedrich Wilhelm 1783–1806 Wilhelm Christian Karl … son of Friedrich Wilhelm Ernst; mediatized, died 1837

(divided between Nassau and Hesse-Darmstadt 1806) Counts of Hohensolms, then Lich; Princes of Hohensolms-Lich

1436–1457 Johann I … son of count Otto I of Solms-Braunfels; Braunfels c.1410–1436 1457–1477 Konrad (Kuno) … son of Johann 1477–1483 Johann II … son of Konrad

& 1477–1544 Philipp … son of Konrad 1544–1562 Reinhard I … son of Philipp

& 1544–1548 Friedrich Magnus I … son of Otto, son of Philipp; to Laubach 1548–1561 (line continued) Ernst I … son of Reinhard I; to Lich 1562–1590 (line extinct 1718)

1562–1600 Eberhard … son of Reinhard I 1600–1613 Hermann Adolf … son of Reinhard I 1613–1635 Philipp Reinhard I … son of Hermann Adolf 1635–1665 Philipp Reinhard II … son of Philipp Reinhard I 1665–1668 Karl Ludwig … son of Philipp Reinhard II

1668 Johann Heinrich Christian … son of Philipp Reinhard II 1668–1707 Ludwig I … son of Philipp Reinhard II 1707–1744 Friedrich Wilhelm … son of Ludwig I; inherited Lich 1718 1744–1803 Karl Christian … son of Friedrich Wilhelm; prince 1792

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1803–1806 Karl Ludwig August … son of Karl Christian; mediatized, died 1807 (divided between Nassau and Hesse-Darmstadt 1806) SPONHEIM

The counts of Sponheim in the westernmost part of Franconia rose to prominence in the 11th and 12th centuries. A branch of the family settled in lower Bavaria and temporarily controlled of Carinthia, Carniola, and Istria, its descendents ruled as counts of Ortenberg/Ortenburg until 1805. The Franconian line of the family divided into three lines in the 1230s: the counts of Starkenburg, the counts of Kreuznach, and the lords of Heinsberg. Through a further subdivision, the line of Starkenburg also produced that of the counts of Sayn-Wittgenstein in 1266. On the extinction of the male line of Kreuznach in 1417, most of that county reverted to that of Starkenburg; on the extinction of the male line of Starkenburg, its possessions passed by inheritance to the margraves of Bade and the counts of Veldenz (succeeded by a line of the Wittlesbachs of the Palatinate). Other counties whose rulers came from the House of Sponheim included Looz, Lower Salm, and Vianden.

Counts of Sponheim

House of Sponheim ?–c.1044 Eberhard … son of Hedwig; count of Sponheim

c.1044–1065 Siegfried … son of (?) Eberhard; margrave of the Hungarian March 1045–1048 1065–c.1080 Stephan I … brother of (?) Siegfried c.1080–1118 Stephan II … son of Stephan I 1118–c.1135 Meginhard … son of Stephan II

c.1135–c.1159 Gottfried I … son of Meginhard c.1159–1183: Gottfried II … son of Gottfried I :1187–:1192 Walram … son of Gottfried II :1192–1197: Heinrich … son of Gottfried II; associated :1192

+ Albrecht … son of Gottfried II; associated :1192–1197: + Ludwig … son of Gottfried II; associated :1192–1193:

:1200–1218 Gottfried III … son of Gottfried II; associated :1192 1218–c.1233 Johann … son of Gottfried III; to Starkenburg c.1233–1266

& 1218–c.1233 Heinrich … son of Gottfried III; to Heinsberg c.1233–1259 & 1218–c.1233 Simon … son of Gottfried III; to Kreuznach c.1233–1264

(division into Starkenburg and Kreuznach c.1233 63) Counts of Sponheim in Starkenburg (Hind-County: 1/3 of Sponheim)

c.1233–1266 Johann I … son of count Gottfried III of Sponheim; Sponheim 1218–1233; inherited Sayn 1247

1266–1289 Heinrich I … son of Johann I 1289–1324 Johann II … son of Heinrich I 1324–1398 Johann III, the Blind … son of Heinrich II, son of Johann II 1398–1413: Johann IV … son of Johann III :1414–1437 Johann V … son of Johann IV

(divided between Bade and Veldenz 1437 64)

63 The partition took place sometime between 1223 and 1237, likely in c.1233, when Heinrich became lord of Heinsberg by marrying its heiress Agnes of Cleves. 64 The partition was based on the marriage of Johann IV’s daughter Mechthild with margrave Rudolf VI of Bade (represented by their grandson Jakob I of Bade), and of her sister Loretta with count Heinrich III of Veldenz (represented by their son Friedrich III of Veldenz).

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Counts of Sponheim in Kreuznach (Fore-County: 2/3 of Sponheim)

c.1233–1264 Simon I … son of count Gottfried III of Sponheim; Sponheim 1223–c.1233 1264–1291 Johann I, the Lame … son of Simon I; in Kreuznach

& 1264–1277 Heinrich I … son of Simon I; in Tannenfels; to Bolanden 1277–1310 (line extinct 1383) & 1264–1277 Eberhard … son of Simon I ; to Neef 1277–c.1303 (line extinct 1349)

1291–1340 Johann II … son of Johann I; in Kreuznach & 1291–1336 Simon II … son of Johann I; in Kastellaun

1336–1380 Walram … son of Simon II; in Kastellaun; Kreuznach 1340 & 1336–1348 Johann III … son of Simon II; in Kastellaun

1380–1414 Simon III … son of Walram; count of Vianden as husband of Maria of Vianden 1348 1414–1417 Elisabeth … daughter of Simon III; widow of Ruprecht Pipan of the Palatinate, son of

king Ruprecht (4/5 of Kreuznach to Starkenburg 1414; 1/5 of Kreuznach to the Palatinate 1417) STEINFURT

The small lordship of Steinfurt, originally a Saxon vassal, passed by marriage to Eberwin V of Götterswick in 1421, the same year when he inherited the county of Bentheim. These fiefs were repeatedly divided, reunited, and exchanged among members of the family. From 1803 Steinfurt and Bentheim were united under the same count, but in 1806 they were mediatized in favor of Berg, and in 1813 of Prussia.

Lords and Counts of Steinfurt

House of Steinfurt :1315–1360 Liudolf VII … son of Liudolf VI of Steinfurt 1360–1394: Balduin III … son of Liudolf VII :1395–1421 Liudolf VIII … son of Balduin III

House of Götterswick 1421–1454 Eberwin I … husband of Mechthild, daughter of Liudolf VIII; son of Arnold III of Götterswick 1454–1466 Arnold I … son of Eberwin I 1466–1498 Eberwin II … son of Arnold I 1498–1553 Arnold II … son of Eberwin II 1553–1566 Arnold III … son of Arnold II 1566–1606 Arnold IV … son of count Eberwin III of Bentheim, son of Arnold II 1606–1632 Wilhelm Heinrich … son of Arnold III 1632–1643 Arnold Jobst … son of Arnold III 1643–1668 Philipp Konrad … son of Arnold Jobst 1668–1693 Arnold Moritz Wilhelm … son of Philipp Konrad; to Bentheim 1693–1701 1693–1713 Ernst … son of count Ernst Wilhelm of Bentheim, son of Arnold Jobst 1713–1733 Friedrich Karl … son of Ernst 1733–1780 Karl Paul Ernst … son of Friedrich Karl 1780–1806 Ludwig … son of Karl Paul Ernst; deposed 1806–1813 (to Berg; to France 1810)

1813 Ludwig … restored; mediatized, died 1817 (to Prussia 1813)

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STOLBERG

The Saxon counts of Stolberg expanded their lands by inheriting the counties of Wernigerode, Königstein, Rochefort, and Schwarza. In the mid-16th century the family subdivided into several lines, which remained vassals of Saxony (for Stolberg), Brandenburg (for Wernigerode) and Brunswick (for Hohnstein). The Gedern branch of the family attained princely rank in 1742. In 1806 the principality was mediatized in favor of Hesse-Darmstadt. The other Stolberg lands passed to Saxony, and after 1815 were reunited under Prussian rule.

Counts of Stolberg-Wernigerode and Princes of Gedern

House of Stolberg 1429–1455 Botho I … son of count Heinrich of Stolberg; inherited Wernigerode 1429 1455–1511 Heinrich I, the Elder … son of Botho I 1511–1538 Botho II … son of Heinrich I; inherited Königstein 1535 1538–1552 Wolfgang … son of Botho II; in Stolberg

& 1538–1574 Ludwig … son of Botho II; in Königstein; inherited Wertheim 1557 & 1538–1572 Heinrich II … son of Botho II; in Wernigerode; inherited Schwarza 1549 & 1538–1587 Albrecht Georg … son of Botho II; in Schwarza & 1538–1581 Christoph I … son of Botho II; in Königstein, Gedern, and Ortenberg

1552–1606 Wolf Ernst … son of Wolfgang; in Wernigerode & 1552–1577 Botho III … son of Wolfgang & 1552–1612 Johann … son of Wolfgang; in Stolberg 1571 & 1552–1615 Heinrich III … son of Wolfgang; in Hohenstein 1571

1572–1583 Botho IV … son of Heinrich II 1572–1618 Ludwig Georg … son of Heinrich II; in Ortenberg

& 1572–1638 Christoph II … son of Heinrich II; in Wernigerode; Stolberg 1631 1612–1631 Wolfgang Georg … son of Johann; in Stolberg 1618–1641 Heinrich Volrad … son of Ludwig Georg; in Ortenburg 1638–1672 Heinrich Ernst I … son of Christoph II

& 1638–1645 Johann Martin I … son of Christoph II; to Stolberg 1645–1669 1672–1710 Ernst … son of Heinrich Ernst I; in Ilsenburg

& 1672–1710 Ludwig Christian … son of Heinrich Ernst I; in Gedern 1710–1767 Friedrich Karl … son of Ludwig Christian; prince of Gedern 1742

Christian Ernst … son of Ludwig Christian; to Wernigerode 1710–1771 Heinrich August … son of Ludwig Christian; to Schwarza 1710–1748

1767–1804 Karl Heinrich … son of Christian Karl, son of Friedrich Karl (to Wernigerode 1804) Counts of Stolberg-Wernigerode in Wernigerode

1710–1771 Christian Ernst … son of count Ludwig Christian of Gedern; inherited Schwarza 1748 1771–1778 Heinrich Ernst II … son of Christian Ernst 1778–1806 Christian Friedrich … son of Heinrich Ernst II; prince of Gedern 1804; mediatized

(Schwarza 1809), died 1824 (to Hesse-Darmstadt 1806; to Westphalia 1807; to Prussia 1815) Counts of Stolberg-Wernigerode in Stolberg

1645–1669 Johann Martin … son of count Christoph II of Stolberg-Wernigerode 1669–1704 Christoph Ludwig I … son of Johann Martin

& 1669–1684 Friedrich Wilhelm … son of Johann Martin

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1704–1738 Christoph Friedrich … son of Christoph Ludwig I; Prussian vassal 1714 1738–1761 Christoph Ludwig II … son of Christoph Friedrich; Saxon vassal 1738 1761–1803 Karl Ludwig … son of Christoph Ludwig II; mediatized, died 1815

(to Saxony 1803; to Prussia 1815) Counts of Stolberg-Rossla (Roßla)

1704–1739 Jost Christian … son of count Christoph Ludwig I of Stolberg; Saxon vassal 1738 1739–1768 Friedrich Botho … son of Jost Christian 1768–1778 Heinrich Christian Friedrich … son of Friedrich Botho; abdicated, died 1810 1778–1803 Johann Wilhelm Christoph … son of Friedrich Botho; mediatized, died 1826

(to Saxony 1803; to Prussia 1815) SULZBACH

The counts of Sulzbach in northern Bavaria (the Nordgau) were descended from the Babenberg dukes of Swabia. They partly replaced the extinct margraves of Schweinfurt as leaders in the region. Count Gebhard III was brother-in-law to two emperors, Konrad III of Hohenstaufen and Manouēl I Komnēnos. On the extinction of the male line in 1188, Sulzbach was inhabited by the counts of Hirschberg. When that lineage became extinct in 1305, Sulzbach passed to Bavaria by agreement, eventually becoming part of the possessions of the Palatinate branch of the House of Wittelsbach. For the line of the Palatinate-Sulzbach, see there.

Counts of Sulzbach

Babenberg House of Swabia c.1038–c.1071 Gebhard I … son of duke Hermann IV of Swabia

c.1071–1085 Gebhard II … son of Gebhard I 1085–1125 Berengar I … son of Gebhard II 1125–1188 Gebhard III … son of Berengar I

+ Berengar II … son of Gebhard III; associated c.1154–1167 House of Hirschberg

1188–1230 Gebhard IV … son of count Gerhard I of Hirschberg by Sophie, daughter of Gebhard III & 1188–1191: Gerhard I … brother of Gebhard IV

1191:–1249 Gebhard V … son of Gerhard I & 1191:–1225 Gerhard II … son of Gerhard I

1230–1245 Gebhard VI … son of Gebhard IV & 1230–1275 Gebhard VII … son of Gebhard IV

1275–1278 Gerhard III … son of Gebhard VII & 1275–1305 Gebhard VIII … son of Gebhard VII

(to Bavaria 1305; to the Palatinate 1329; union with Bavaria 1777) SUNDGAU / UPPER ALSACE (OBER-ELSASS)

Under the Merovingian and Carolingian kings of the Franks, the region of Alsace (Elsaß) west of the Rhine was entrusted to dukes, mostly from the Etichonid family. Although the Etichonids seem to have retained their regional importance as counts in both Upper Alsace (Sundgau) and Lower Alsace (Nordgau), they lost the ducal office in 742. Hugo, a bastard son of king Lothar II of Lorraine, was invested as duke by his father in 867, but was blinded and deposed by his cousin Karl III the Fat in 885. Subsequently Alsace was attached to the duchy of Swabia. A line of Etichonid-descended counts named Hugo and Liutfried emerged as hereditary rulers in most of Sundgau by the early 9th century. After 1000 these were replaced by obscure and apparently unrelated rulers. Gradually most of the area came to be dominated by the counts of Habsburg and of Ferrette

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(Pfirt). By 1186 the counts of Habsburg had become landgraves in Upper Alsace. From their Swabian-Alsatian lands, the Habsburgs went on to become a leading power in central Europe after the election of Rudolf IV German king as Rudolf I in 1273, and his establishment of the family in the duchies of Austria and Styria on the other end of the Holy Roman Empire. In local terms, Habsburg control of the Sundgau was enhanced by inheriting Ferrette in 1324. The Sundgau remained a Habsburg possession as part of Inner or Further Austria until the Thirty Years War, when it was occupied by Sweden and then France. In 1648 the Treaty of Westphalia confirmed French possession; it was German again in 1871–1918 and 1940–1945.

Counts of Habsburg, counts in Sundgau, landgraves of Upper Alsace

House of Habsburg :953–959: Guntram, the Rich … son of (?) count Hugo III of Nordgau :976–991 Landolt … son of (?) count Guntram 991–1045 Radbot … son of Landolt; count in Klettgau

& 991–1063 Rudolf I … son of Landolt; count in Sundgau 1045–:1055 Otto I … son of Radbot

& 1045–:1050 Albrecht I … son of Radbot & 1045–1096 Werner I … son of Radbot

1096–1111 Otto II … son of Werner I; count in Sundgau; count of Habsburg by 1108 & 1096–1140 Albrecht II … son of Werner I

1111–1167 Werner II … son of Otto II 1167–1199 Albrecht III, the Rich … son of Werner II; landgrave in Upper Alsace by 1186 1199–1232 Rudolf II, the Goodly … son of Albrecht III 1232–1239 Albrecht IV, the Wise … son of Rudolf II

& 1232–1232: Rudolf III, the Silent … son of Rudolf II; to Laufenburg :1239–1249 1239–1283 Rudolf IV (I) … son of Albrecht IV; German king 1273–1291; Austria 1276–1282 1283–1290 Rudolf V … son of Rudolf IV; Austria 1282–1283

(union with Austria 1290; to Inner Austria 1379; to Inner Austria-Tyrol 1406; to Austria 1493; to Further Austria 1564; occupied by Sweden 1631; by France 1634; to France 1648)

SWABIA (SCHWABEN)

The tribal duchy of Swabia, named after the Suebi, and also known as Alamannia after the Alamanni, was one of the three main components of the East Frankish kingdom in the 9th century. Its two components, Swabia proper and upland Raetia came to be dominated by the comital families of the Alahofings and Hunfridings by the end of the century, and it was from these families that the first dukes of Swabia emerged. From c.925, Swabia also included Alsace (Elsaß) west of the Rhine. Through royal appointments, the duchy passed into the hands of royal sons and in-laws on numerous occasions, until the longer rule of the Hohenstaufen from 1079 to 1268. However, the new ducal dynasty was unable to preserve the territorial integrity of the duchy, where rival families, most notably that of the dukes of Zähringen, were able to carve out their practically autonomous principalities. On the extinction of the Hohenstaufen in 1268, the title to the duchy passed to the crown while the region continued to be fragmented among feudal principalities. The ducal authority of the two Habsburg dukes of Swabia in 1283–1309 was almost entirely notional. Like neighboring Franconia to the north, the duchy of Swabia now disintegrated completely. By early modern times the region was divided among many lordships and principalities, including Bade, Hohenzollern, Württember, and various Habsburg possessions (Farther Austria). The southernmost portions of the old duchy were gradually taken over by Switzerland.

Dukes of Swabia

Alaholfing House of Swabia 915–917 Erchanger … son of count Berchtold

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Hunfriding House of Raetia 917–926 Burkhard I … son of margrave Burkhard of Raetia

Conradine House of Franconia 927–948 Hermann I … married Reglindis, widow of Burkhard I; son of duke Gebhard of Lorraine

Liudolfing House of Saxony 949–953 Liudolf … husband of Ida, daughter of Hermann I; son of emperor Otto I; deposed, died 957

Hunifriding House of Raetia 954–973 Burkhard II … son of Burkhard I

Liudolfing House of Saxony 973–982 Otto I … son of Liudolf

Conradine House of Franconia 982–997 Konrad I … son of (?) Gebhard, son of count Udo of Wetterau, brother of Hermann I 65

997–1003 Hermann II … son of Konrad I 1003–1012 Hermann III … son of Hermann II

Babenberg House of Austria 1012–1015 Ernst I … husband of Gisela, daughter of Hermann II; son of margrave Leopold I of Austria 1015–1030 Ernst II … son of Ernst I 1030–1038 Hermann IV … son of Ernst I

Salian House of Franconia 1038–1045 Heinrich I, the Black … son of emperor Konrad II by Gisela, widow of Ernst I; German

king 1039–1056 Ezzonid House of Lorraine

1045–1047 Otto II … son of count palatine Ezzo of Lorraine by Mathilde, daughter of emperor Otto II Babenberg House of Austria

1048–1057 Otto III, the White … son of margrave Heinrich I of Schweinfurt, son of Berchtold, son of duke Arnulf of Bavaria

House of Rheinfelden 1057–1079 Rudolf I … husband of Mathilde, daughter of Heinrich I; son of count Kuno of Rheinfelden;

deposed; German king 1077–1080 House of Hohenstaufen

1079–1105 Friedrich I … husband of Agnes, daughter of emperor Heinrich IV, son of Heinrich I; son of count Friedrich of Büren by Hildegard, daughter of Otto II

– Berthold of Rheinfelden … son of Rudolf; rival duke 1079–1090 – Berthold of Zähringen … husband of Agnes, daughter of Rudolf; son of duke Berthold

of Carinthia; rival duke 1092–1098; abdicated, died 1111 1105–1147 Friedrich II, the One-Eyed … son of Friedrich I 1147–1152 Friedrich III, Barbarossa … son of Friedrich II; German king 1152–1190 1152–1167 Friedrich IV, of Rothenburg … son of king Konrad III of Germany, son of Friedrich I 1167–1169 Friedrich V … son of Friedrich III 1169–1191 Friedrich VI 66 … son of Friedrich III 1192–1196 Konrad II … son of Friedrich III 1196–1208 Philipp, of Swabia … son of Friedrich III; German king 1198–1208

65 The frequent identification of Konrad as the son of count Udo of Wetterau has been effectively challenged by A. Wolf, “Wer war Kuno von Öhringen. Überlegungen zum Herzogtum Konrads von Schwaben (†997) und zur Königswahl vom Jahre 1002,” Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters, 36 (1980); for Konrad as a grandson of count Udo, see J. Heinzelmann, “Spanheimer–Späne, Schachwappen und Konradinererbe,” Jahrbuch für westdeutsche Landesgeschichte, 25 (1999), 7-68. 66 Originally named Konrad.

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1208–1212 (to the Empire) 1212–1216 Friedrich VII … son of emperor Heinrich VI, son of Friedrich III; German king 1212–1250 1216–1235 Heinrich II … son of Friedrich VII; deposed, died 1242 1235–1254 Konrad III … son of Friedrich VII; German king 1250–1254 1254–1268 Konrad IV (Konradin) … son of Konrad III67 1268–1283 (to the Empire)

Habsburg House of Austria 1282–1290 Rudolf II … son of king Rudolf I of Germany 1290–1309 Johann, the Parricide … son of Rudolf II 68; deposed, died 1313

(to the Empire 1309; disintegration of the duchy) TECK

On the death of his brother Berthold IV of Zähringen in 1187, Adalbert I declared himself duke of Teck in the Alb region of Swabia. The line survived their Zähringen cousins, extinct in 1218. The dukes of Teck did not attempt to lay claim to the Zähringen inheritance and sold their claims to the emperor Friedrich II. Duke Konrad II supported the Hohenstaufen until their extinction in 1268 and was possibly elected German king just before his murder in 1292. The ducal family divided into two lines, Oberndorf and Owen by the end of the 13th century. Dogged by financial difficulties, the dukes hired themselves out as military captains and resorted to mortgages and sales of property. Thus, Oberndorf was sold to Hohenberg in 1374 and Teck itself to Württemberg in 1381. After the extinction of the dynasty, the title passed to Württemberg from 1495.

Dukes of Teck

House of Zähringen 1187–c.1195 Adalbert I … son of duke Konrad of Zähringen c.1195–1215: Adalbert II … son of Adalbert I :1219–1244: Konrad I … son of Adalbert II

(division into Oberndorf and Owen by the end of the century) Dukes of Teck in Oberndorf

:1249–1283 Ludwig I, the Elder … son of Konrad I + Ludwig II, the Younger … son of Ludwig I; associated c.1260–1282

1283–1313: Hermann I … son of Ludwig I :1314–:1352 Ludwig IV … son of Hermann I

& :1314–1319: Hermann II … son of Hermann I & :1314–1332: Ludwig V (Lutzmann) … son of Hermann I & :1314–1342 Friedrich II … son of Hermann I

1319:–1363 Hermann III … son of Hermann II (to Teck-Owen 1363) Dukes of Teck in Owen

:1249–1292 Konrad II, the Younger … son of Konrad I 1292–1316 Simon … son of Konrad II

& 1292–1329 Konrad III … son of Konrad II & 1292–1334 Ludwig III … son of Konrad II

67 In Neapolitan captivity from 1268. 68 Johann was possibly born posthumously; the appellation “parricide” refers to Johann’s murder of his uncle, king Albrecht I of Germany.

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& 1292–1300: Friedrich I … son of Konrad II 1316–1352 Konrad IV … son of Simon 1334–1390 Friedrich III … son of Ludwig III 1390–1411 Friedrich IV … son of Friedrich III

& 1390–1432 Ulrich … son of Friedrich III 1432–1439 Ludwig VI … son of Friedrich III; patriarch of Aquileia 1412–1435

(to Württemberg 1439) TECKLENBURG

The county of Tecklenburg was a vassal of Saxony, spreading over a considerable portion of northwestern Germany in-between the ecclesiastical principalities of Münster and Osnabrück. Tecklenburg passed by marriage to the counts of Bentheim in 1263, then to those of Schwerin in 1328, and then again to Bentheim in 1557. Between 1699 and 1729 Tecklenburg was gradually lost, being sold by parts to Solms and Prussia. The last counts retained only Rheda, which was mediatized in favor of the grand duchy of Berg in 1807.

Counts of Tecklenburg

House of Tecklenburg 1139–1150 Ekbert … son of (?) count Heinrich 1150–1156 Heinrich I … son of Ekbert 1156–1202 Simon … son of Heinrich I 1202–1263 Otto I … son of Simon

& 1202–1226 Heinrich II … son of Simon + Heinrich III … son of Otto I; associated c.1244–1247

Dutch House of Bentheim 1263–c.1279 Otto II … husband of Heilwig, daughter of Otto I; son of count Balduin of Bentheim c.1279–1285 Otto III … son of Otto II

1285–1307 Otto IV … son of Otto III 1307–1328 Otto V … son of Otto IV

House of Schwerin 1328–1360: Nikolaus I … son of count Günzel VI of Schwerin by Richardis, daughter of Otto IV :1367–1388 Otto VI … son of Nikolaus I 1388–1426 Nikolaus II … son of Otto VI 1426–1450 Otto VII … son of Nikolaus II 1450–1508 Nikolaus III … son of Otto VII; in Tecklenburg

& 1450–1493 Otto VIII … son of Otto VII; in Iburg 1508–1534 Otto IX … son of Nikolaus III; in Tecklenburg

& 1508–1541 Nikolaus IV … son of Nikolaus III; in Lingen 1534–1557 Konrad … son of Otto IX; in Tecklenburg; Lingen 1541 1557–1562 Otto X … son of Otto IX

Götterswick House of Bentheim-Steinfurt 1562–1606 Arnold … son of count Eberwin III of Bentheim by Anna, daughter of Konrad 1606–1628 Adolf … son of Arnold 1628–1674 Moritz … son of Adolf 1674–1704 Johann Adolf … son of Moritz; ¾ Tecklenburg sold to Solms 1699 (to Prussia 1707) 1704–1710 Friedrich Moritz … son of Moritz 1710–1768 Moritz Kasimir I … son of Friedrich Moritz; ¼ Tecklenburg sold to Prussia 1729;

retained Rheda

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1768–1805 Moritz Kasimir II … son of Moritz Kasimir I 1805–1806 Moritz Kasimir III … son of Moritz Kasimir II 1806–1807 Emil Friedrich Karl … son of Moritz Kasimir II; mediatized, died 1837

(to Berg 1807; to France 1810; to Prussia 1815) THURINGIA (THÜRINGEN) and SAXON DUCHIES

A separate duchy in the late 9th century,69 Thuringia was later attached to Saxony and Franconia. Since the middle of the 10th century most of the authority in the area was vested in the hands of local counts. Those of Weimar-Orlamünde seem to have enjoyed preeminence and perhaps a margraviate and even short-lived duchy in the area, but were eclipsed in local importance by the Ludowing counts of Schauenburg in the 1040s. In 1111 the title of landgrave of Thuringia was conferred on count Hermann of Winzenburg, but in 1130 he was replaced with the Thuringian count Ludwig III/I, who founded the longer-lasting line of landgraves of Thuringia. Landgrave Heinrich Raspe was elected German king in 1246, but died the next year. The succession was contested between the Houses of Brabant and Meissen, and in 1249 the Wettin margrave Heinrich the Illustrious of Meissen acquired control of the landgraviate. When the House of Wettin divided into the Ernestine and Albertine lines, Thuringia remained mostly in Ernestine hands. After the Ernestine line lost the electorate of Saxony, they retained their lands in Thuringia. Keeping the title of Saxon dukes, the Ernestine rulers of Thuringia subdivided the area into a number of principalities, known collectively as the “Saxon duchies.” The grand duchy of Saxe-Weimar and the duchies of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Saxe-Altenburg, and Saxe-Meiningen joined the German Empire in 1871. Starting in the 19th century, the line of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha provided kings for the thrones of Great Britain, Belgium, Portugal, and Bulgaria.

Counts of Schauenburg in Thuringia

Ludowing House of Thuringia c.1040–1056 Ludwig I, the Bearded … count of Schauenburg

1056–1123 Ludwig II, the Jumper … son of Ludwig I 1123–1131 Ludwig III … son of Ludwig II; landgrave of Thuringia 1131–1140

Landgraves of Thuringia

House of Winzenburg 1111–1130 Hermann … son of count Hermann of Formbach; deposed, died 1137

Ludowing House of Schauenburg 1131–1140 Ludwig I … son of count Ludwig II of Schauenburg; Schauenburg 1123–1131 1140–1172 Ludwig II, the Iron … son of Ludwig I 1172–1190 Ludwig III, the Mild … son of Ludwig II 1190–1217 Hermann I … son of Ludwig II 1217–1227 Ludwig IV, the Holy … son of Hermann I 1227–1241 Hermann II … son of Ludwig IV 1241–1247 Heinrich Raspe … son of Hermann I; regent 1227–1228; German king 1246–1247 1247–1249 (to the Empire)

House of Wettin 1249–1265 Heinrich, the Illustrious … son of margrave Dietrich of Meissen by Jutta, daughter of

Hermann I; legitimist claimant since 1247; abdicated, died 1288 1265–1293 Albrecht I, the Degenerate … son of Heinrich; sold landgraviate, died 1314 1293–1310 (to the Empire) 1310–1323 Friedrich I, the Dauntless … son of Albrecht I

69 We know little more than the names of the dukes Poppo, Konrad, and Burkhard in the 890s and early 900s.

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1323–1349 Friedrich II, the Grave … son of Friedrich I 1349–1381 Friedrich III, the Stern … son of Friedrich II

& 1349–1406 Balthasar … son of Friedrich II; landgrave 1379 & 1381–1382 Wilhelm I, the One-Eyed … son of Friedrich II; to Meissen 1382–1407 & 1381–1407 Friedrich IV, the Warlike … son of Friedrich III; to Meissen 1407–1428 & 1381–1425 Wilhelm II, the Rich … son of Friedrich III; in Coburg & 1381–1402 Georg … son of Friedrich III; in Coburg

1406–1440 Friedrich V, the Peaceful … son of Balthasar; landgrave 1440–1445 Friedrich VI, the Mild … son of Friedrich IV; abdicated, died 1464 1445–1482 Wilhelm III, the Bold … brother of Friedrich VI 1482–1486 Ernst … son of Friedrich VI

& 1482–1485 Albrecht II, the Courageous … son of Friedrich VI; to Meissen 1485–1500 1486–1525 Friedrich VII, the Wise … son of Ernst

& 1486–1532 Johann, the Steadfast … son of Ernst 1532–1547 Johann Friedrich I, the Magnanimous … son of Johann; deposed, died 1554 1542–1563 Johann Ernst I … son of Johann; duke in Coburg 1547–1567 Johann Friedrich II … son of Johann Friedrich I; in Gotha; deposed, died 1595

& 1547–1572 Johann Wilhelm … son of Johann Friedrich I; to Weimar 1572–1573 1567–1572 Johann Kasimir … son of Johann Friedrich II; to Coburg 1572–1633 1567–1572 Johann Ernst III … son of Johann Friedrich II; in Eisenach 1572–1638

(division into Weimar, Coburg, and Eisenach 1572) Dukes and Grand Dukes of Saxe-Weimar (Sachsen-Weimar)

1572–1573 Johann Wilhelm … son of duke Johann Friedrich I; duke since 1547 1573–1605 Johann, the Pious … son of Johann Wilhelm 1605–1626 Johann Ernst I … son of Johann

& 1605–1622 Friedrich … son of Johann & 1605–1662 Wilhelm … son of Johann & 1605–1641 Albrecht … son of Johann; to Eisenach 1641–1644 & 1605–1628 Johann Friedrich … son of Johann & 1605–1641 Ernst I, the Pious … son of Johann; to Saxe-Gotha 1641–1675 & 1605–1619 Friedrich Wilhelm … son of Johann & 1605–1639 Bernhard … son of Johann

1662–1683 Johann Ernst II … son of Wilhelm 1683–1728 Wilhelm Ernst … son of Johann Ernst II

& 1683–1707 Johann Ernst III … son of Johann Ernst II 1707–1748 Ernst August I … son of Johann Ernst III

& 1707–1715 Johann Ernst IV … son of Johann Ernst III 1748–1758 Ernst August II Konstantin … son of Ernst August I 1758–1828 Karl August … son of Ernst August II; grand duke 1815 1828–1853 Karl Friedrich … son of Karl August 1853–1901 Karl Alexander … son of Karl Friedrich 1901–1918 Wilhelm Ernst … son of Karl August, son of Karl Alexander; deposed, died 1923

(to Germany 1918) Dukes of Saxe-Altenburg (Sachsen-Altenburg)

1573–1602 Friedrich Wilhelm I … son of duke Johann Wilhelm of Saxe-Weimar

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1602–1639 Johann Philipp … son of Friedrich Wilhelm I 1639–1669 Friedrich Wilhelm II … posthumous son of Friedrich Wilhelm I 1669–1672 Friedrich Wilhelm III … son of Friedrich Wilhelm II 1672–1825 (to Saxe-Gotha) 1826–1834 Friedrich … son of duke Ernst Friedrich III of Saxe-Hildburghausen 1834–1848 Joseph … son of Friedrich; abdicated, died 1868 1848–1853 Georg … son of Friedrich 1853–1908 Ernst I … son of Georg 1908–1918 Ernst II … son of Moritz, son of Georg; deposed, died 1955

(to Germany 1918) Dukes of Saxe-Eisenach (Sachsen-Eisenach)

1662–1668 Adolf Wilhelm … son of duke Wilhelm of Saxe-Weimar 1668–1671 Wilhelm August … son of Adolf Wilhelm

(to Saxe-Marksuhl 1671) Dukes of Saxe-Marksuhl (Sachsen-Marksuhl) and Eisenach

1662–1686 Johann Georg I … son of duke Wilhelm of Saxe-Weimar; inherited Eisenach 1671 1686–1698 Johann Georg II … son of Johann Georg I

(to Saxe-Jena 1698) Dukes of Saxe-Jena (Sachsen-Jena) and Eisenach

1662–1678 Bernhard … son of duke Wilhelm of Saxe-Weimar 1678–1690 Johann Wilhelm I … son of Bernhard 1690–1729 Johann Wilhelm II … son of duke Johann Georg I of Saxe-Eisenach (Marksuhl);

inherited Eisenach 1698 1729–1741 Wilhelm Heinrich … son of Johann Wilhelm II

(to Saxe-Weimar 1741) Dukes of Saxe-Gotha (Sachsen-Gotha) and Altenburg

1641–1675 Ernst I, the Pious … son of duke Johann of Saxe-Weimar; Altenburg 1672 1675–1691 Friedrich I … son of Ernst I

+ Albrecht … son of Ernst I; associated 1675; to Coburg 1680–1691 + Bernhard I … son of Ernst I; associated 1675; to Meiningen 1680–1706 + Heinrich … son of Ernst I; associated 1675; to Römhild 1680–1710 + Christian … son of Ernst I; associated 1675; to Eisenberg 1680–1707 + Ernst … son of Ernst I; associated 1675; to Hildburghausen 1680–1715 + Johann Ernst … son of Ernst I; associated 1675; to Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 1680–1729

1691–1732 Friedrich II … son of Friedrich I 1732–1772 Friedrich III … son of Friedrich II 1772–1804 Ernst II … son of Friedrich III 1804–1822 August … son of Ernst II 1822–1825 Friedrich IV … son of Ernst II

(Gotha to Saxe-Coburg, Altenburg to Saxe-Hildburghausen 1826) Dukes of Saxe-Meiningen (Sachsen-Meiningen) and Hildburghausen and Saalfeld

1680–1706 Bernhard I … son of duke Ernst I of Saxe-Gotha

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1706–1724 Ernst Ludwig I … son of Bernhard I 1724–1729 Ernst Ludwig II … son of Ernst Ludwig I 1729–1743 Karl Friedrich … son of Ernst Ludwig I 1743–1746 Friedrich Wilhelm … son of Bernhard I; associated 1706 1746–1763 Anton Ulrich … son of Bernhard I; associated 1706 1763–1782 Karl … son of Anton Ulrich 1782–1803 Georg I … son of Anton Ulrich; associated 1763 1803–1866 Bernhard II … son of Georg I; Hildburghausen and Saalfeld 1826; abdicated, died 1882 1866–1914 Georg II … son of Bernhard II 1914–1918 Bernhard III … son of Georg II; deposed, died 1928

(to Germany 1918) Dukes of Saxe-Hildburghausen (Sachsen-Hildburghausen)

1680–1715 Ernst … son of duke Ernst I of Saxe-Gotha 1715–1724 Ernst Friedrich I … son of Ernst 1724–1745 Ernst Friedrich II … son of Ernst Friedrich I 1745–1780 Ernst Friedrich III … son of Ernst Friedrich II 1780–1826 Friedrich … son of Ernst Friedrich III; to Saxe-Altenburg 1826–1834

(to Saxe-Meiningen 1826) Dukes of Saxe-Coburg (Sachsen Coburg), Saalfeld, then Gotha

1680–1729 Johann Ernst … son of duke Ernst I of Saxe-Gotha 1729–1745 Christian Ernst … son of Johann Ernst 1745–1764 Franz Josias … son of Johann Ernst; associated 1729 1764–1800 Ernst Friedrich … son of Franz Josias 1800–1806 Franz … son of Ernst Friedrich 1806–1844 Ernst I … son of Franz; exchanged Saalfeld for Gotha 1826 1844–1893 Ernst II … son of Ernst I 1893–1900 Alfred I … son of Albert, son of Ernst I 1900–1918 Karl Eduard I … son of Leopold, brother of Alfred I; deposed, died 1954

(to Germany 1918) THURN AND TAXIS (THURN UND TAXIS)

The Lombard Tasso family entered Habsburg service in the mid-15th century and established a postal service that came to dominate much of continental Western Europe. Leonhard I became general postmaster of the Empire in 1595 and baron in 1608; his son Lamoral acquired a monopoly on the postal service in 1615, and the title of imperial count in 1621. The family became known as Thurn und Taxis in 1650, and advanced to princely rank in 1695. Although the family was mediatized in 1806, it retained much of its wealth, and, for awhile, continued to run a lucrative postal business. With the family’s lands in the Austrian Netherlands lost to France in 1801, the House of Thurn and Taxis was compensated with the principality of Buchau (at the expense of the free imperial city and several secularized abbeys), which it lost through mediatization to Württemberg and Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen in 1806.

Barons, Counts, and Princes of Thurn and Taxis

House of Taxis 1608–1612 Leonhard I … son of Giovanni Battista I de Tassis 1612–1624 Lamoral I … son of Leonhard I; count 1624

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1624–1628 Leonhard II … son of Lamoral I 1628–1677 Lamoral II … son of Leonhard II 1677–1714 Eugen Alexander … son of Lamoral II; prince 1695 1714–1739 Anselm Franz … son of Eugen Alexander 1739–1773 Alexander Ferdinand … son of Anselm Franz 1773–1805 Karl Anselm … son of Alexander Ferdinand 1805–1806 Karl Alexander … son of Karl Anselm; mediatized, died 1827

(to Württemberg and Hohenz0llern-Sigmaringen 1806) TOGGENBURG

The Raetian lord of Toggenburg was promoted to count in the early 13th century. The family prospered and extended its possessions to include much of what is today Switzerland and some of the westernmost part of modern Austria. Friedrich VII was promoted to imperial count in 1413, but died without legitimate issue in 1436. This was followed by a disputed succession (including the Old Zürich War of 1440–1446), after which the lands of the counts of Toggenburg were divided among several heirs. Toggenburg proper was sold to the Abbey of Saint Gall, while most of the so-called League of Ten Jurisdictions (Zehngerichtebund) passed to the counts of Montfort and Mätsch. These sold their rights to the archduke of Austria in 1469 and 1477. The Austrian Habsburg retained control until 1649–1652, when they sold their rights to the Three Leagues, formally absorbed into Switzerland in 1803.

Counts of Toggenburg

House of Toggenburg 1207–1229: Diethelm I, the Elder … son of (?) Diethelm V of Toggenburg

& 1207–1214: Friedrich I … brother of Diethelm I 70 1229:–1236: Diethelm II, the Younger … son of Diethelm I :1247–1248 Diethelm III … son of Diethelm II

& :1247–1249: Kraft I … son of Diethelm II & :1247–1283: Friedrich II … son of Diethelm II

:1253–1282: Diethelm IV … son of Kraft I :1253–1261: Kraft II, the Minstrel … son of Kraft I :1253–1303: Friedrich III … son of Kraft I :1305–1315 Friedrich IV, the Younger … son of Friedrich III 1315–1337 Diethelm V … son of Friedrich IV 1337–1364 Friedrich V … son of Friedrich IV 1364–1375 Friedrich VI … son of Friedrich V

& 1364–1400 Donat … son of Friedrich V & 1364–1368 Kraft III … son of Friedrich V & 1364–1385 Diethelm VI … son of Friedrich V

1385–1436 Friedrich VII … son of Diethelm VI; imperial count 1413 (division of the county after inheritance dispute 1436–1439) TÜBINGEN

Hugo of Tübingen became count palatine of Swabia in the mid-12th century. His descendants established several comital lines, including the counts of Montfort and Werdenberg. The counts palatine retained control of 70 Friedrich I is sometimes confused for his nephew Friedrich, son of Dietrich I and brother of Dietrich II (who murdered him in 1226).

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Tübingen until 1342, when they sold the city to Württemberg. Many of their other possessions were also sold to Württemberg in the 14th century, including Asperg (1308), Beilstein (1340), Böblingen (1357), and Herrenberg (1382). The family survived as counts of Lichteneck under Württemberg overlorship until the extinction of the male line in 1634; the heiress, Elisabeth Bernhardina, wife of count Karl of Salm-Neuburg, sold Lichteneck to the baron of Garnier in 1660. The rights of count palatine of Swabia had been sold to Burgau in 1268.

Counts palatine of Tübingen

House of Tübingen 1146–1152 Hugo I … son of count Hugo II of Tübingen; count palatine of Swabia 1152–1162: Friedrich … son of Hugo I

& 1152–1182 Hugo II … son of Hugo I 1182–1219 Rudolf I … son of Hugo II 1219–1227: Hugo III … son of Rudolf I

Rudolf II … son of Rudolf I; to Horb 1219–1248: Wilhelm I … son of Rudolf I; to Asperg and Giessen 1219–1252

1227:–:1253 Konrad I … son of (?) Hugo III (to Herrenberg :1253) Counts palatine and counts of Tübingen in Horb

1219–1248: Rudolf II … son of Rudolf I of Tübingen Rudolf III, the Clipper … son of Rudolf II; to Herrenberg 1248:–1277

1248:–c.1267 Hugo IV … son of Rudolf II; last count palatine c.1267–1277 Hugo V … son of Hugo IV

& c.1267–1284: Otto … son of Hugo IV & c.1267–1293: Ludwig … son of Hugo IV

(to Hohenberg 1293: 71) Counts of Tübingen in Herrenberg

1248:–1277 Rudolf III, the Clipper … son of Rudolf II of Horb; inherited Tübingen :1253 1277–1304 Eberhard … son of Rudolf III; sold Tübingen 1294

& 1277–1317 Rudolf V … son of Rudolf III 1317–1356 Rudolf VI … son of Rudolf V

& 1317–1376 Konrad II … son of Rudolf V 1356–1377 Ulrich III, the Wolf … son of Rudolf VI 1376–1382 Konrad III … son of Konrad II; sold county 1382; died 1391

(to Württemberg 1382) Counts of Tübingen in Asperg, Gießen, and Beilstein

1219–1256: Wilhelm I … son of Rudolf I of Tübingen Rudolf IV … son of Wilhelm I; to Böblingen 1256:–1271:

1256:–1283 Ulrich I, of Böblingen … son of Wilhelm I; sold Gießen 1264 to Hesse 1283–1340 Ulrich II … son of Ulrich I; sold Asperg 1308, Beilstein 1340 to Württemberg; died 1341

& 1283–1295: Johann I … son of Ulrich I + Johann II (Hans) … son of Ulrich II; associated by 1340; died :1369 + Wilhelm IV … son of Ulrich II; associated by 1340; died 1357: (to Württemberg 134o)

71 Liutgard, daughter of count Hugo IV having married count Burchard IV of Hohenberg.

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Counts of Tübingen in Böblingen and Lichteneck

1256:–1271: Rudolf IV … son of Wilhelm I of Asperg and Giessen :1272–1316 Gottfried I … son of Rudolf IV; purchased Tübingen 1294 1316–1326: Wilhelm II … son of Gottfried I

+ Heinrich I … son of Gottfried I; associated 1316–1336 + Gottfried II … son of Gottfried I; associated 1316–1329:

:1327–1369: Gottfried III (Götz) … son of Wilhelm II; sold Tübingen 1342, Böblingen 1357 to Württemberg

+ Heinrich II (Wilhelm) … son of Wilhelm II; associated :1327–1345: + Wilhelm III … son of Wilhelm II; associated :1327–1346:

:1371–1404: Konrad I … son of Gottfried III :1410–1449: Konrad II … son of Konrad I :1453–1506 Konrad III … son of Konrad II 1506–1507 Georg I … son of Konrad II; associated :1453 1507–1536 Georg II … son of Georg I 1536–1569 Konrad IV … son of Georg I; associated 1507 1569–1570 Georg III … son of Konrad IV 1570–1608 Eberhard … son of Georg III

+ Konrad V … son of Georg III; associated 1570–1600 + Alwig … son of Georg III; associated 1570–1592 + Hermann … son of Georg III; associated 1570–1585 + Georg IV … posthumous son of Georg III; associated 1570–1587

1608–1622 Georg Friedrich … son of Eberhard 1622–1631 Georg Eberhard … son of Eberhard; associated 1608

+ Konrad Wilhelm … son of Eberhard; associated 1608–1630 1631–1660 Elisabeth Bernhardina … daughter of Konrad Wilhelm; sold county; died 1666

(to Garnier 1660) TRAUTTMANSDORFF

The Austrian/Bohemian barons of Trauttmansdorff attained the rank of imperial counts in 1623 as rulers of Weinsberg in Swabia. Johann Maximilian served as the Habsburg prime minister in the reign of Ferdinand III, and his son Johann Friedrich II was appointed imperial chamberlain. In 1805 Franz Ferdinand purchased the immediate lordship of Umpfenbach in Franconia and was promoted to prince. The very next year this principality was mediatized and passed to Bade and then Hesse-Darmstadt.

Counts of Trauttmansdorff-Weinsberg; Princes of Umpfenbach

House of Trauttmansdorff 1545–1614 Johann Friedrich I … son of David of Trauttmansdorff 1614–1623 Siegmund Friedrich … son of Johann Friedrich I 1614–1627 Johann David … son of Johann Friedrich I; count 1623

& 1614–1650 Johann Maximilian … son of Johann Friedrich I; count 1623 1650–1684 Adam Matthias … son of Johann Maximilian

& 1650–1696 Johann Friedrich II … son of Johann Maximilian (line extinct 1762) & 1650–1692 Ferdinand Ernst … son of Johann Maximilian & 1650–1708 Georg Siegmund … son of Johann Maximilian (line continued)

1684–1689 Rudolf Wilhelm … son of Adam Matthias

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1689–1713 Johann Joseph … son of Rudolf Wilhelm 1713–1786 Franz Norbert … son of Johann Joseph 1786–1806 Franz Ferdinand … son of Franz Norbert; prince 1805; mediatized, died 1827

(to Bade 1806; to Hesse-Darmstadt 1806) URACH-FREIBURG

Count Egino I of Urach succeeded to Zähringen lands on the right bank of the Rhine (including Freiburg and much of the Breisgau) through his marriage to Agnes of Zähringen. Fürstenberg became the seat of a separate branch of the family in the mid-13th century. In c.1260 Berthold I left Urach itself to his nephew, Heinrich I of Fürstenberg, who sold it to the count of Württemberg c.1265. The comital family continued to rule Freiburg for another century, until 1366, when the count sold his rights to the city of Freiburg. In 1368 the city came under Austrian control, and remained so, with several interruptions, until 1801. After the Napoleonic wars, Freiburg and the rest of Breisgau passed to Bade.

Counts of Urach in Freiburg

Dettingen House of Urach 1218–1230 Egino I, the Bearded … son of count Egino III of Urach; husband of Agnes, daughter of

duke Berthold IV of Zähringen 1230–1236 Egino II … son of Egino I; in Freiburg

& 1230–c.1246 Rudolf … son of Egino I; in Dettingen; abdicated, died :1260 & 1230–c.1261 Berthold I … son of Egino I; in Urach

1236–1271 Konrad I … son of Egino II; in Freiburg & 1236–:1241 Berthold II … son of Egino II; in Urach

& 1236–c.1250 Heinrich I … son of Egino II; to Fürstenberg c.1250–1284 1271–c.1318 Egino III … son of Konrad I c.1318–1350 Konrad II … son of Egino III

1350–1356 Friedrich … son of Konrad II 1356–1358 Clara … daughter of Friedrich; abdicated, died 1368 1358–1366 Egino IV … son of Konrad II; abdicated, died 1385

(city state 1366; to Austria 1368; to Bavaria 1644; to France 1677; to Austria 1697; to France 1713; to Austria 1714; to France 1744; to Austria 1748; to France 1801; to Breisgau 1803; divided between Bade and Württemberg 1805; to Bade 1810)

Counts of Urach in Badenweiler

1271–c.1302 Heinrich II … son of count Konrad I of Urach-Freiburg House of Nauchâtel-Strasberg

c.1302–1318 Otto … husband of Margarete, daughter of Heinrich II; son of count Berthoud II of Strasberg 1318–1364 Imier … son of Otto 1364–1368 (to Fürstenberg)

Dettingen House of Urach 1368–1385 Egino IV … son of count Konrad II of Urach-Freiburg 1385–1424 Konrad III … son of Egino IV 1424–1457 Johann … son of Konrad III

(to Bade-Sausenberg 1457)

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VAUDÉMONT

The county of Vaudémont in Upper Lorraine was conferred on a collateral branch of the House of Lorraine. In 1202 the county was made a vassal of the counts of Bar, but continued to pursue a relatively independent policy. The counts of Vaudémont participated in the Crusades and in 1271 Henri I received the Italian county of Adriano for supporting Charles of Anjou in Sicily. The marriage of Ferry II to Isabelle, the heiress of Lorraine, eventually brought his son René the duchy of Lorraine in 1473. Vaudémont remained united with Lorraine until their common annexation by France in 1766. During this period, the titular dignity of count of Vaudémont was granted to younger sons or brothers of the duke of Lorraine.

Counts of Vaudémont

Metz House of Lorraine 1070–1118 Gérard I … son of duke Gérard of Upper Lorraine 1118–1155 Hugues I … son of Gérard I 1155–1188 Gérard II … son of Hugues I 1188–1242 Hugues II … son of Gérard II 1242–1244 Hugues III … son of Hugues II 1244–1278 Henri I … son of Hugues III 1278–1279 Renaud … son of Henri I 1279–1299 Henri II … son of Henri I 1299–1348 Henri III … son of Henri II

+ Henri IV … son of Henri III; associated 1333–1346 House of Joinville

1348–1365 Henri V … son of Anseau of Joinville by Marguerite, daughter of Henri III 1365–1418 Marguerite … daughter of Henri V

& 1367–1373 Jean of Châlon … married Marguerite; son of Henri of Châlon & 1374–1392 Pierre of Genève … married Marguerite; son of count Amédée III of Genève & 1393–1415 Ferry I of Lorraine … married Marguerite; son of duke Jean I of Lorraine

Metz House of Lorraine 1415–1458 Antoine … son of Ferry I 1458–1470 Ferry II … son of Antoine 1470–1508 René, the Younger … son of Ferry II; duke of Lorraine 1473–1508

(union with Lorraine 1473) VELDENZ

Like the wildgraves of neighboring Kyrburg, the counts of Veldenz in Upper Lorraine and Franconia were descended from the counts of Nahegau. In 1271 the county passed by marriage to the House of Geroldseck, which inherited a portion of Sponheim-Starkenburg in 1437. In 1444 Veldenz passed by inheritance to the Palatinate-Simmern, where Ludwig the Black established the Wittlesbach Palatinate lines of Veldenz and Zweibrücken.

Counts of Veldenz

Emichonid House of Nahegau c.1112–1136: Gerlach I … son of count Goswin :1141–1186: Gerlach II … son of Gerlach I :1202–1214: Gerlach III … son of Gerlach II :1220–1240: Gerlach IV … son of Gerlach III

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:1245–1259: Gerlach V … son of Gerlach IV :1260–1277: Agnes … daughter of Gerlach V

& :1270–1296: Heinrich I of Geroldseck … married Agnes; son of Walter of Geroldseck House of Geroldseck (Hohengeroldseck)

:1297–c.1347 Georg I … son of Walther, son of Heinrich I and Agnes + Friedrich I … son of Georg I; associated in Lichtenberg c.1314–1327 + Georg II … son of Friedrich I; associated in Lichtenberg 1327–1377

c.1347–c.1378 Heinrich II … son of Georg I c.1378–1389 Heinrich III … son of Heinrich II

& c.1378–1395 Friedrich II … son of Heinrich II 1389–1393 Heinrich IV … son of Heinrich III

& 1389–1444 Friedrich III … son of Heinrich IV Wittelsbach House of the Palatinate

1444–1489 Ludwig, the Black … son of duke Stephan of the Palatinate-Simmern by Anna, daughter of Friedrich III; duke of the Palatinate-Zweibrücken 1459–1489

(to the Palatinate-Zweibrücken 1459; to the Palatinate-Veldenz 1543; to the Palatinate 1694; to France 1801; divided between Bavaria and Prussia 1815)

VIANDEN

The counts of Vianden, descended from those of Sponheim, made profitable marriages, for example securing the county of Lower Salm by 1163, but they had to accept the suzerainty of neighboring Luxembourg and Brabant in the 13th century. In 1343 the male line of counts became extinct, and through marriage and inheritance the county passed into the hands of the Houses of Sponheim (1348) and Nassau (1417). The latter maintained control over the county, with two interruptions, until 1795, when it was swept away in the wake of the Wars of the French Revolution. The Congress of Vienna divided the former county of Vianden between Luxembourg (which kept the town) and Prussia.

Counts of Vianden

House of Sponheim :1124–1152: Friedrich I … son of Gerhard II, son of Gerhard I, son of count Stephan II of Sponheim; :1171–:1184 Siegfried … son of Friedrich I

:1184–c.1187 Friedrich II … son of Friedrich I; inherited Lower Salm :1163 c.1187–1214 Friedrich III … son of Friedrich II

1214–1252 Heinrich I, the Sun King … son of Friedrich III 1252–1273 Philipp I … son of Heinrich I 1273–1304 Gottfried … son of Philipp I; abdicated, died 1307: 1304–1316 Philipp II … son of Gottfried 1316–1337 Heinrich II … son of Philipp II 1337–1343 Ludwig … son of Philipp II 1343–1400 Maria … daughter of Heinrich II

& 1348–1400 Simon of Sponheim … married Maria; son of count Walram of Sponheim-Kreuznach; died 1417

1400–1417 Elisabeth … daughter of Simon and Maria House of Nassau

1417–1442 Engelbert I … son of count Johann I of Nassau-Dillenburg, son of count Otto II by Adelheid, daughter of Philipp II

1442–1475 Johann I … son of Engelbert I

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1475–1504 Engelbert II … son of Johann I 1504–1516 Johann II … son of Johann I 1516–1538 Heinrich III … son of Johann II 1538–1544 Renatus … son of Heinrich III; prince of Orange 1530 1544–1566 Wilhelm I, the Silent … son of count Wilhelm I of Nassau-Dillenburg, son of Johann II;

deposed, died 1584 House of Mansfeld

1566–1604 Peter Ernst … son of count Ernst II of Mansfeld; prince 1594 House of Nassau

1604–1618 Philipp Wilhelm … son of Wilhelm I 1618–1625 Moritz … son of Wilhelm I; Netherlands 1585–1625 1625–1647 Friedrich Heinrich … son of Wilhelm I; Netherlands 1625–1647 1647–1650 Wilhelm II … son of Friedrich Heinrich; Netherlands 1647–1650 1650–1702 Wilhelm III … posthumous son of Wilhelm II; Netherlands 1672–1702; England,

Scotland, and Ireland 1689–1702 1702–1759 (to France 1702; to the Netherlands 1713) 1759–1795 Wilhelm IV … son of Wilhelm Friso of the Netherlands; Netherlands 1751–1795;

deposed, died 1806 (to the Batavian Republic 1795; to Holland 1806; to France 1810; divided between

Luxembourg and Prussia 1815) VIRNEBURG

The county of Virneburg west of Koblenz divided into two in 1446 and both portions passed to the House of Manderscheid by 1545. With the extinction of the new line in 1590, Virneburg was eventually inherited by the Wittelsbach House of Löwenstein-Wertheim. From 1615 this family formed a separate line that did not practice primogeniture until 1789, resulting in a large number of heirs. Losing their lands west of the Rhine in the Treaty of Lunéville in 1801, the counts of Virneburg were compensated with Freudenberg, carved out of the bishopric of Würzburg in 1803. In 1806 the family was mediatized in favor of Bavaria.

Counts of Virneburg

House of Virneburg 1112–? Hermann I … son of (?) Bernhard ?–1192 Hermann II … son of Hermann I

1192–1204 Gottfried … son of Hermann II 1204–1235 Hermann III … son of Gottfried; abdicated, died 1238:

& 1235–1242: Ruprecht I … son of Hermann III & 1235–1289: Heinrich … son of Hermann III

:1290–1308 Ruprecht II … son of Heinrich 1308–1353: Ruprecht III … son of Ruprecht II :1355–1374 Gerhard … son of Heinrich, son of Ruprecht III 72 1374–:1391 Adolf … son of Ruprecht III :1391–1444 Ruprecht IV … son of Adolf 1444–1459 Ruprecht V … son of count Philipp I of Neuenahr, son of Ruprecht IV 1459–1522: Philipp II … son of Ruprecht V :1525–1534 Philipp III … son of Philipp II

72 Alternately the count Gerhard was another Gerhard, son of count Ruprecht III.

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1534–1545 Konrad (Kuno) … son of Philipp II (to Kronenburg 1545) Counts of Virneburg in Kronenburg

1446–:1469 Wilhelm … son of count Philipp I of Neuenahr, son of count Ruprecht IV of Virneburg :1469–:1495 Georg … son of Wilhelm

House of Manderscheid :1495–1551 Dietrich I … son of count Kuno I of Manderscheid-Schleiden by Mechthild, daughter of

Wilhelm; inherited remainder of Virneburg 1545 1551–1560 Dietrich II … son of Dietrich I 1560–1582 Joachim … son of Dietrich II 1582–1590 Philipp Dietrich … son of Joachim 1582–1611 (to the Empire during disputed succession)

Wittelsbach House of Löwenstein-Wertheim 1611–1618 Christoph Ludwig … husband of Elisabeth, daughter of Joachim; son of count Ludwig III

of Löwenstein-Wertheim; Löwenstein-Wertheim 1611–1615 1618–1657 Friedrich Ludwig … son of Christoph Ludwig

& 1618–1622 Ernst … son of Christoph Ludwig & 1618–1620 Johann Hermann … son of Christoph Ludwig

1657–1681 Ludwig Ernst … son of Friedrich Ludwig & 1657–1683 Friedrich Eberhard … son of Friedrich Ludwig & 1657–1681 Gustav Ernst … son of Friedrich Ludwig & 1657–1688 Albrecht … son of Friedrich Ludwig

1681–1689 Joachim Friedrich … son of Ludwig Ernst & 1681–1698 Eucharius Kasimir … son of Ludwig Ernst

1683–1721 Heinrich Friedrich … son of Friedrich Eberhard 1721–1790 Johann Ludwig Vollrath … son of Heinrich Friedrich

& 1721–1796 Friedrich Ludwig … son of Heinrich Friedrich & 1721–1779 Karl Ludwig … son of Heinrich Friedrich & 1721–1757 Johann Philipp … son of Heinrich Friedrich & 1721–1773 Wilhelm Heinrich … son of Heinrich Friedrich

1779–1806 Friedrich Karl Gottlieb … son of Karl Ludwig; mediatized, died 1825 1790–1806 Johann Karl Ludwig … son of Johann Ludwig Vollrath; mediatized, died 1816

(to Bavaria 1806) VOHBURG

The counts of Vohburg became margraves in the Bavarian Nordgau in the second half of the 12th century. In 1212 margrave Dietpold VII married the widowed margravine of Hohenburg and added this territory, and title, to the family’s possessions. Margrave Berthold III governed Sicily as regent on behalf of the underage king Corrado II (Konradin) of Hohenstaufen, and was imprisoned, together with his brothers, by the king’s uncle Manfred in 1256. By 1258 the three margraves were dead. Except for Hohenburg, which passed to the bishopric of Regensburg, the margraviate was incorporated into the duchy of Bavaria.

Margraves of Vohburg

House of Traungau :1020–1060 Dietpold I … son of count Rapoto II of Traungau 1060–1078 Dietpold II … son of Dietpold I; margrave

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1078–1146 Dietpold III … son of Dietpold II 1146–1158 Dietpold V … son of Dietpold IV, son of Dietpold III

& 1146–1185 Berthold I … son of Dietpold III & 1146–1193 Dietpold VI … son of Dietpold III

1193–1204 Berthold II … son of Berthold I & 1193–1225 Dietpold VII … son of Berthold I; married Mechthild of Hohenburg 1212

1225–1256: Berthold III … son of Dietpold VII & 1225–1247: Dietpold VIII … son of Dietpold VII & 1225–1256: Otto … son of Dietpold VII & 1225–1256: Ludwig … son of Dietpold VII

(to Bavaria :1258) WALDBURG

In 1525 the emperor Karl V invested the Swabian baron Georg III of Waldburg with the hereditary title of seneschal or steward (Truchseß) of the Holy Roman Empire. By the end of the century this branch of the Waldburg family had divided into two lines, Wolfegg-Waldsee and Zeil-Wurzach; each of these subdivided into its respective components in the second half of the 17th century. In 1803 the chiefs of the surviving three lines were promoted to princes, but all three were mediatized in favor of Württemberg in 1806. The list includes only those branches of the family that attainted princely rank.

Barons of Waldburg in Wolfegg and Waldsee

House of Waldburg 1423–1467 Georg I … son of Johann I of Waldburg 1467–1482 Georg II, the Tall … son of Georg I 1482–1511 Johann II … son of Georg II 1511–1531 Georg III … son of Johann II; Truchseß (Seneschal) of the Empire 1525 1531–1536 Jakob I … son of Georg III

& 1531–1570 Heinrich … son of Georg III & 1531–1569 Georg IV … son of Georg III

1569–1589 Jakob II, the Fat … son of Georg IV 1589–1595 Heinrich II … son of Jakob II; to Wolfegg 1595–1637

& 1589–1595 Froben … son of Jakob II; to Zeil 1595–1614 (division into Wolfegg and Zeil 1595) Barons and Counts of Waldburg in Wolfegg and Waldsee

1595–1637 Heinrich II … son of Jakob II of Zeil-Waldsee; count 1628 1637–1667 Maximilian Willibald … son of Heinrich II

Maximilian Franz Eusebius … son of Maximilian Willibald; to Wolfegg 1667–1681 (line extinct 1798)

1667–1724 Johann Maria … son of Maximilian Willibald; in Waldsee 1724–1748 Maximilian Maria … son of Johann Maria 1748–1790 Gebhard Xaver … son of Maximilian Maria; abdicated, died 1791 1790–1791 Karl Maximilian Franz … son of Gebhard Xaver; abdicated, died 1795 1791–1806 Joseph Anton … son of Gebhard Xaver; inherited Wolfegg 1798; prince 1803;

mediatized, died 1833 (to Württemberg 1806)

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Counts and Princes of Waldburg in Zeil 1595–1614 Froben … son of Jakob II of Zeil-Waldsee 1614–1674 Johann Jakob I … son of Froben; count 1628 1674–1684 Paris Jakob … son of Johann Jakob I 1684–1717 Johann Christoph … son of Paris Jakob 1717–1750 Johann Jakob II … son of Johann Christoph 1750–1790 Franz Anton … son of Johann Jakob II; count of Zeil 1771; inherited Trauchburg 1779 1790–1806 Maximilian Wunibald … son of Franz Anton; prince 1803; mediatized, died 1818

(to Württemberg 1806) Counts and Princes of Waldburg in Wurzach

1674–1700 Sebastian Wunibald … son of count Johann Jakob I of Zeil 1700–1734 Ernst Jakob … son of Sebastian Wunibald 1734–1781 Franz Ernst … son of Ernst Jakob 1781–1806 Eberhard … son of Franz Ernst; prince 1803; mediatized, died 1807

(to Württemberg 1806) WALDECK-PYRMONT

The counts of Waldeck were descended from those of Schwalenberg, who appeared in the 12th century and divided into a great number of branches. The counts of Waldeck-Eisenberg inherited the county of Pyrmont in southern Lower Saxony in 1625 and the last of the line took the title of “prince of Waldeck and count of Pyrmont” in 1682. The counts of Waldeck-Wildungen succeeded to Eisenberg and Pyrmont in 1692 and renewed the princely title in 1712, changing it to “prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont” a century later. In 1871 the principality joined the German Empire. The list includes only the princely branches of the family.

Counts of Waldeck

House of Schwalenberg :1214–1270 Adolf I … son of count Heinrich I of Schwalenberg

+ Heinrich I … son of Adolf I; associated c.1250–1267 1270–1276 Adolf II … son of Heinrich I; abdicated; bishop of Liège 1301–1302

& 1270–1305 Otto I … son of Heinrich I 1305–1348 Heinrich II … son of Otto I 1348–1369 Otto II … son of Heinrich II 1369–1397 Heinrich III … son of Otto II

Adolf III … son of Heinrich III; to Landau 1397–1431 (line extinct 1495) 1397–1442 Heinrich IV … son of Heinrich III 1442–1475 Wolrad I … son of Heinrich IV

1475 Philipp I … son of Wolrad I 1475–1486 Heinrich VI … son of Philipp I; to Wildungen 1486–1513 (line extinct 1585)

& 1475–1486 Philipp II … son of Heinrich IV; to Eisenberg 1486–1524 (division into Wildungen and Eisenberg 1486) Counts of Waldeck in Eisenberg and Pyrmont, then Princes of Waldeck-Pyrmont

1486–1524 Philipp II … son of count Heinrcih IV of Waldeck; Waldeck 1475–1486 1524–1539 Philipp III … son of Philipp II 1539–1578 Wolrad II … son of Philipp III

Johann I, the Pious … son of Philipp III; to Landau 1539–1567 (line extinct 1597)

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1578–1588 Josias I … son of Wolrad II 1588–1607 Christian … son of Josias I; to Wildungen 1607–1637

& 1588–1640 Wolrad III … son of Josias I; count of Pyrmont 1625 1640–1645 Philipp Theodor … son of Wolrad III 1645–1664 Heinrich Wolrad … son of Philipp Theodor 1664–1692 Georg Friedrich … son of Wolrad III; prince of Waldeck and count of Pyrmont 1682

(to Waldeck-Wildungen 1692) Counts of Waldeck in Wildungen, then Princes of Waldeck-Pyrmont

1607–1637 Christian … son of Josias I; count of Waldeck and Eisenberg 1588–1607 1637–1645 Philipp VI … son of Christian

& 1623–1668 Johann II … son of Christian; in Landau 1645–1706 Christian Ludwig … son of Philipp VII

& 1645–1669 Josias II … son of Philipp VII; in Wildungen 1706–1728 Anton Ulrich … son of Christian Ludwig; prince of Waldeck and count of Pyrmont 1712

1728 Christian Philipp … son of Anton Ulrich 1728–1763 Karl … son of Anton Ulrich 1763–1812 Friedrich I … son of Karl 1812–1813 Georg I … son of Karl; prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont 1812 1813–1845 Georg II … son of Georg I 1845–1893 Georg Victor … son of Georg II 1893–1918 Friedrich II … son of Georg Victor; deposed, died 1946

(to Germany 1918) WEIMAR-ORLAMÜNDE

The counts of Weimar and Orlamünde in Thuringia were rewarded for their services to the crown with appointment as dukes of Thuringia, margraves of Meissen, Istria, and Carniola. The original comital house died out in 1112, and the counties passed to the Ascanian counts of Ballenstedt, who were soon to obtain the Saxon North March (Nordmark), Saxony, Brandenburg, and Anhalt. On the death of Albrecht I the Bear in 1170, Weimar-Orlamünde passed to one of his sons, Siegfried III. His descendants divided their inheritance in 1248. Within a century, however, they had declined in power and prosperity, and were forced to recognize the suzerainty of the Wettin margraves of Meissen, who purchased both counties in 1344–1347. The comital family continued to inhabit some of its allodial estates until its extinction in the 15th century. Weimar later became the capital of one of the leading Saxon duchies in Thuringia. The numbering of the counts is very inconsistent in the literature and has been simplified to match the list; many dates, especially in the 14th and 15th centuries are approximate.

Counts of Weimar and Orlamünde

House of Weimar 949–963 Wilhelm I … count and margrave in southern Thuringia

963–1003 Wilhelm II, the Great … son of Wilhelm I; duke of Thuringia 1002–1003 1003–1039 Wilhelm III … son of Wilhelm II; margrave 1039–1062 Wilhelm IV … son of Wilhelm III; in Weimar; Meissen 1046–1062

& 1039–1067 Otto I … son of Wilhelm III; in Orlamünde; Meissen 1062–1067 1067–1070 Ulrich I … son of Poppo, son of Wilhelm III 1070–1112 Ulrich II … son of Ulrich I

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Ascanian House of Ballenstedt 1112–1113 Siegfried I … son of count Adalbert II of Ballenstedt by Adelheid, daughter of Otto I 1113–1124 Siegfried II … son of Siegfried I 1124–1140 Wilhelm V … son of Siegfried I 1140–1170 Albrecht I, the Bear … son of count Otto of Ballenstedt, brother of Siegfried I 1170–1176 Hermann I … son of Albrecht I 1176–1206 Siegfried III … son of Hermann I 1206–1247 Hermann II … son of Siegfried III

& 1206–1245 Albrecht II … son of Siegfried III & 1206–1211 Otto II … son of Siegfried III; in Weimar & 1206–1247 Heinrich I … son of Siegfried III; in Orlamünde

1247–1248 Hermann III, the Famous … son of Hermann II; to Orlamünde 1248–1283 & 1247–1248 Otto III, the Magnificent … son of Hermann II; to Weimar 1248–1285 & 1247–1248 Albrecht III, the Elder … son of Hermann II; to Weimar 1248–1283

(division into Orlamünde and Weimar 1248) Counts of Orlamünde

1248–1283 Hermann III, the Famous … son of count Hermann II of Weimar-Orlamünde; Weimar-Orlamünde 1247–1248

1283–1312 Hermann IV … son of Hermann III & 1283–1344 Heinrich II, the Elder … son of Hermann III; sold county, died 1354 (line extinct by 1423)

(to Meissen 1344) Counts of Weimar

1248–1285 Otto III, the Magnificent … son of count Hermann II of Weimar-Orlamünde; Weimar-Orlamünde 1247–1248

1285–1319 Hermann IV … son of Otto III & 1285–c.1318 Otto IV, the Rich … son of Otto III

c.1318–1340 Otto V … son of Otto IV 1319–1347 Friedrich I, the Elder … son of Hermann IV; sold county, died 1365

& 1319–1347 Hermann V … son of Hermann IV; died 1372 & 1319–1334 Otto VI … son of Hermann IV

1334–1347 Friedrich II … son of Otto VI; died 1363 (line extinct 1486) (to Meissen 1347) WERDENBERG

The county of Werdenberg in Raetia was governed by a branch of the Tübingen counts of Montfort. The family divided into two major lines, those of Werdenberg and Sargans, the latter subdividing further into Trochtelfingen, Alpeck, and Vaduz. The eastern possessions of the family gradually passed to Austria, the western ones to Switzerland, these powers having applied pressure on the impoverished principality in their attempts at expansion. The lordaship of Vaduz, on the other hand, passed in succession into the hands of the houses of Brandis, Hohenemsm, and finally Liechtenstein in 1712. Today it is the capital of the independent principality of Liechtenstein.

Counts of Werdenberg

House of Tübingen :1230–1243: Rudolf I … son of count Hugo I of Montfort

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:1248–1280: Hugo I … son of Rudolf I Hartmann I … son of Rudolf I; to Sargans :1248–1264:

:1281–1305: Hugo II, the One-Eyed … son of Hugo I :1307–1329: Hugo III … son of Hugo II

& :1307–1364: Albrecht I … son of Hugo II :1367–1371: Albrecht II … son of Albrecht I :1373–1387: Hugo IV … son of Albrecht II; in Rheineck

& :1373–1384 Albrecht III, the Elder … son of Albrecht II; in Bludenz; sold county to Austria 1384, died 1418:

& :1373–1392: Heinrich I … son of Albrecht II & :1373–1413 Albrecht IV, the Younger … son of Albrecht II; in Heiligenberg; sold county to Austria 1413,

died 1416: :1393–1419: Rudolf … son of Heinrich I

& :1393–1428 Hugo V … son of Heinrich I; pawned Werdenberg to Montfort 1402 & :1393–1401: Heinrich II … son of Heinrich I

(to Montfort 1402; to Switzerland 1485) Counts of Werdenberg in Sargans

:1248–1264: Hartmann I … son of count Rudolf I of Werdenberg :1271–1322 Rudolf II … son of Hartmann I

Heinrich I … son of Rudolf II; to Alpeck 1322–1332: 1322–1325: Rudolf III … son of Rudolf II

Hartmann II … son of Rudolf II; to Vaduz 1322–1353: & 1322–1361 Rudolf IV … son of Rudolf II

1361–1399: Johann I … son of Rudolf IV; pawned Sargans to Austria 1396 :1400–1412: Georg I … son of Johann I; in Räzüns

& :1400–1412: Wilhelm I … son of Johann I & :1400–1405: Johann II … son of Johann I & :1400–1421: Hugo … son of Johann I & :1400–1447: Heinrich II … son of Johann I; in Sonnenberg

:1417–1434: Rudolf V … son of Johann II; in Löwenberg :1449–1474: Wilhelm II … son of Heinrich II

& :1449–1483 Georg II … son of Heinrich II; sold county to Switzerland 1483, died 1504 (to Switzerland 1483) Counts of Werdenberg in Alpeck

1322:–1332: Heinrich I … son of count Rudolf II of Sargans Eberhard I … son of Heinrich I; to Trochtelfingen :1334–1383

:1334–1342: Rudolf III … son of Heinrich I & :1334–1366: Heinrich II … son of Heinrich I

:1370–1383 Heinrich III … son of Heinrich II; sold county to Ulm 1383; died 1388 (to Ulm 1383) Counts of Werdenberg in Trochtelfingen

:1334–1383 Eberhard I … son of count Heinrich I of Alpeck 1383–1393: Heinrich II … son of Eberhard I

& 1383–? Eberhard II … son of Eberhard I

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:1399–1416 Eberhard III … son of Heinrich II; purchased Sigmaringen 1399 1416–1439: Heinrich III … son of Eberhard III

& 1416–1465 Johann I … son of Eberhard III; recovered Heiligenberg & 1416–1475 Eberhard IV … son of Eberhard III

1465–1500 Georg … son of Johann I & 1465–1503 Ulrich … son of Johann I; in Heiligenberg & 1465–1508 Hugo … son of Johann I; in Sigmaringen

1500–1522 Johann II … son of Georg & 1500–1534 Christoph … son of Georg & 1500–1530 Felix … son of Georg

1534–1554 Anna … daughter of Christoph (Sigmaringen to Austria 1554; to Hohenzollern 1534) Counts of Werdenberg in Vaduz and subsequent Lords of Vaduz

1322:–1353: Hartmann II … son of count Rudolf II of Sargans :1355–1365: Rudolf III … son of Hartmann II

& :1355–1397 Heinrich … son of Hartmann II 1397–1416 Hugo … son of count Johann I of Sargans; sold county, died 1421

House of Brandis 1416–1456 Wolfhard … husband of Verena, daughter of count Albrecht III of Werdenberg; son of

Thüring III of Brandis 1456–1486 Ulrich … son of Wolfhard 1486–1507 Ludwig … son of Ulrich

& 1486–1507 Sigismund … son of Ulrich House of Sulz

1507–1535 Rudolf I … son of count Alwig X of Sulz by Verena, daughter of Ulrich 1535–1556 Johann Ludwig … son of Rudolf I 1556–1569 Wilhelm … son of Johann Ludwig

& 1556–1572 Alwig … son of Johann Ludwig 1572–1611 Rudolf II … son of Alwig 1611–1613 Johann … son of Rudolf II; sold lordship, died 1617

House of Hohenems 1613–1640 Kaspar … son of count Jakob Hannibal I of Hohenems; married Anna Amalia, daughter

of count Karl Ludwig of Hohenems, son of Alwig 1640–1646 Jakob Hannibal … son of Kaspar 1646–1662 Franz Wilhelm I … son of Jakob Hannibal 1662–1686 Ferdinand Karl … son of Franz Wilhelm I

& 1662–1712 Jakob Hannibal Friedrich … son of Franz Wilhelm I; sold lordship, died 1730 & 1662–1691 Franz Wilhelm II … son of Franz Wilhelm I

1691–1712 Franz Wilhelm III … posthumous son of Franz Wilhelm II; sold lordship, died 1759 (to Liechtenstein 1712) WERL-ARNSBERG

In early times the counts of Werl and Arnsberg controlled much of Westphalia, with their lands extending as far as the sea. After the apex of the county in the 11th and 12th centuries, the count’s holdings decreased after family partitions and donations to the Church, while other families and institutions were expanding in the region. What remained of Werl-Arnsberg, which had passed by marriage to the House of Cuyk, was sold to

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the archbishopric of Cologne in 1371. Counts of Werl and Arnsberg

House of Werl c.960–c.985 Bernhard I … son of (?) count Hermann I of Werl

c.985–c.1026 Hermann II … son of Bernhard I & c.985–c.1044 Rudolf … son of Bernhard I & c.985–c.1059 Bernhard II … son of Bernhard I; in Hoevel

c.1026–c.1051 Heinrich I … son of Hermann II & c.1026–? Konrad I … son of Hermann II

& c.1026–1038: Adalbert … son of Hermann II; in Emegau & c.1026–1066: Bernhard III … son of Hermann II

c.1044–1052: Hermann III … son of Rudolf :1070–1092 Konrad II … son of Bernhard III 1092–1124 Friedrich I, the Warlike … son of Konrad II

& 1092–1115 Heinrich II … son of Konrad II; in Rietberg 1124–1154: Ida … daughter of Friedrich I

& 1124–1127 Gottfried I of Cappenberg … husband of Ida; son of count Gottfried I of Cappenberg House of Cuyk

& :1129–1168 Gottfried II of Cuyk … married Ida; son of Heinrich I of Cuyk 1168–c.1203 Heinrich III … son of Gottfried II and Ida c.1203–1238 Gottfried III … son of Heinrich III

1238–1282 Gottfried IV … son of Gottfried III 1282–1313 Ludwig … son of Gottfried IV 1313–1338 Wilhelm … son of Ludwig 1338–1368 Gottfried V … son of Wilhelm; abdicated, died 1371

(to Cologne 1368) WERTHEIM

The Franconian counts of Wertheim were supporters of the Hohenstaufen in the 12th and 13th centuries, and among the most powerful vassals of the bishop of Würzburg. Count Rudolf IV acquired Breuburg by marriage, and his grandsons divided the family possessions into the two lines of Wertheim and Breuburg in 1407. The territories were reunited by Michael II, but the male line became extinct in 1556, and the county passed to the House of Stolberg. The death of Ludwig of Stolberg in 1574 led to a disputed succession, but eventually his daughter Anna’s husband Ludwig III of Löwenstein asserted his control of Wertheim by 1598.

Counts of Wertheim

House of Wertheim :1132–1157: Wolfram … count of Wertheim :1163–1170: Gerhard … son of (?) Wolfram

& :1165–1183: Poppo I … son of (?) Gerhard; associated by 1165 :1212–1237 Poppo II … son of Poppo I 1237–1255: Poppo III … son of Poppo II

& 1237–1244: Rudolf I … son of Poppo II :1260–:1282 Poppo IV … son of Poppo III

& :1260–1303: Rudolf II … son of Poppo III :1306–1321: Rudolf III … son of Rudolf II; abdicated, died 1348

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& :1306–1355 Rudolf IV … son of Rudolf II & :1306–1329: Rudolf V … son of Rudolf II

1355–1373 Eberhard … son of Rudolf IV 1373–1407 Johann I … son of Eberhard 1407–1444 Johann II, the Younger … son of Johann I; in Wertheim

& 1407–1440 Michael I … son of Johann I; in Breuberg 1440–1482 Wilhelm … son of Michael I; in Breuberg 1444–1454 Georg I … son of Johann II; in Wertheim 1454–1497 Johann III, the Canon … son of Georg I; in Wertheim 1482–1531 Michael II … son of Wilhelm; in Breuberg; Wertheim 1497

& 1482–1509 Asmus … son of Wilhelm; in Freudenberg + Georg II … son of Michael II; associated 1509–1530

1531–1556 Michael III … son of Georg II 1556 Barbara … daughter of Michael III

House of Stolberg 1556–1557 Katharina … widow of Michael III and mother of Barbara; abdicated, died 1600 1557–1574 Ludwig … father of Katharina; son of count Botho of Stolberg and Königstein

(to Löwenstein-Wertheim 1574) WESTPHALIA (WESTFALEN)

When duke Heinrich III the Lion of Saxony was deposed in 1180, a significant portion of his lands was allotted to the archbishop of Cologne as the duchy of Westphalia. In 1803, when the archbishopric was secularized, the duchy passed to Hesse-Darmstadt, and later to Prussia in 1815. The name Westphalia, however, was now also given to a new kingdom created by the French emperor Napoléon I for his brother Jérôme, consisting of Brunswick, Hesse-Cassel, parts of Hanover and Prussia, the bishoprics of Paderborn, Minden, and Münster, and various other north German principalities. The kingdom of Westphalia, with its capital at Cassel, lasted for only just over six years, and its territories were redistributed by the Congress of Vienna in 1815.

King of Westphalia

House of Bonaparte 1807–1813 Hieronymus Napoleon … brother of emperor Napoléon I of the French; deposed, died 1860

(dissolution of the kingdom 1813; mostly to Hanover, Hesse-Cassel, and Prussia) WIED

The Franconian lordship of Wied north of Koblenz on the Rhine passed to the House of Isenburg by inheritance in 1243, and then, again by inheritance, to the House of Runkel. In 1454 Friedrich I of Runkel was created count of Wied. His sons Hermann and Friedrich served as archbishop of Köln and bishop of Münster, respectively, and Johann II’s son Friedrich also became archbishop of Köln. In the 16th and 17th centuries the family’s possessions were repeatedly subdivided into two portions, Neuwied and Runkel, with the last division in 1698. The count of Wied-Neuwied was created an imperial prince in 1784, and the count of Wied-Runkel followed suit in 1791. The creation of the Confederation of the Rhine in 1806 mediatized both princely lines in favor of Berg and Nassau; the Congress of Vienna in 1815 gave most of the territories to Prussia, while Nassau kept Runkel and Selters; they passed to Prussia in 1866. In 1914, a descendant of the mediatized princes of Wied-Neuwied, Wilhelm (son of Wilhelm Adolf, son of Wilhelm Hermann Karl, son of Johann August Karl), was elected prince of Albania. The list includes only the princely lines of the family.

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Counts of Wied House of Runkel

1454–1487 Friedrich I … son of Dietrich IV of Runkel by Anastasia of Isenburg, heiress of Wied 1487–1526 Wilhelm III … son of Friedrich I

& 1487–1533 Johann III … son of Friedrich I 1533–1535 Philipp … son of Johann III

& 1533–1581 Johann IV … son of Johann III 1581–1591 Hermann I … son of Johann IV

& 1581–1612 Wilhelm IV … son of Johann IV 1591–1613 Johann Wilhelm … son of Hermann I; to Wied-Neuwied 1613–1633

& 1591–1613 Hermann II … son of Hermann I; to Wied-Runkel 1613–1631 & 1591–1633 Philipp Ludwig I … son of Hermann I

(division into Wied-Neuwied and Wied-Runkel 1613) Counts and Princes of Wied in Neuwied (Lower Wied)

1613–1633 Johann Wilhelm … son of count Hermann I of Wied; Wied 1591–1613 1633–1638 Philipp Ludwig II … son of Johann Wilhelm73 1638–1698 Friedrich … son of Hermann II of Wied-Runkel; Wied-Runkel 1631–1638 1698–1737 Friedrich Wilhelm … son of Friedrich 1737–1791 Johann Friedrich Alexander … son of Friedrich Wilhelm; prince 1784 1791–1802 Friedrich Karl … son of Johann Friedrich Alexander; abdicated, died 1809 1802–1806 Johann August Karl … son of Friedrich Karl; mediatized, died 1836

(divided between Berg and Nassau 1806; to Prussia 1815) Counts and Princes of Wied in Runkel (Upper Wied)

1613–1631 Hermann II … son of count Hermann I of Wied; Wied 1591–1613 1631–1640 Friedrich … son of Hermann II; abdicated; to Wied-Neuwied 1638–1698 1640–1653 Moritz Christian … son of Hermann II 1653–1664 Johann Ernst … son of Hermann II 1664–1693 Ludwig Friedrich … son of Johann Ernst; abdicated, died 1709 1699–1706 Maximilian Heinrich … son of Georg Hermann Reinhard, son of Friedrich 1706–1762 Johann Ludwig Adolf … son of Maximilian Heinrich; abdicated, died 1762 1762–1791 Christian Ludwig … son of Johann Ludwig Adolf; prince 1791 1791–1806 Karl Ludwig Friedrich … son of Christian Ludwig; mediatized, died 1824

(divided between Berg and Nassau 1806; to Nassau 1815; to Prussia 1866) WILDGRAVES, RHINEGRAVES, and RAUGRAVES (WILDGRAFEN,

RHEINGRAFEN und RAUGRAFEN)

Like the counts of neighboring Veldenz, this family descended from the counts of Nahegau. In the early 12th century count Emicho I of Kyrburg took the unique title wildgrave (Wildgraf) in reference to his forested territory; the descendants of his eldest son continued using this title. The younger son adopted another unique title, raugrave (Raugraf), in reference to the rugged terrain of his share of the inheritance. The elder branch (the wildgraves) divided into two main lines, at Kyrburg and Dhaun, both of which were eventually inherited by 1408 by the House of Stein, which governed the neighboring small county of Rheingau–hence their own unique title of rhinegrave (Rheingraf). In 1475 the heir to the wildgraviate/rhinegraviate inherited ½ of the county of Upper Salm. With the union of all these territories in 1476, the rulers titled themselves wildgraves 73 In Austrian captivity 1634–1637.

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and rhinegraves of Salm (see Salm). The younger branch of the Emichonid family (the raugraves) survived in the male line until 1804. However, after dividing into three branches, they lost most of their lands by pawn or sale to the electors Palatine in the 14th and 15th centuries. Despite the loss of the family holdings, the later descendants of this line claimed the titles raugrave and count of Salm.74

Wildgraves

Emichonid House of Nahegau :1124–1134: Emicho I … son of count Goswin; wildgrave, count of Kyrburg by 1134 :1145–1170: Konrad I … son of Emicho I

& :1145–1148 Emicho II … son of Emicho I; raugrave of Simmern 1148–1172: :1172–1219: Gerhard I … son of Konrad I 1219:–1263 Konrad II … son of Gerhard I

(division into Kyrburg and Dhaun 1263) Wildgraves of Kyrburg

1263–1280: Emicho III … son of wildgrave Konrad II :1284–1301 Gottfried II, Raub … son of Emicho III

& :1284–1305 Konrad III … son of Emicho III; in Schmidtburg 1301–1308: Friedrich I … son of Gottfried II 1305–1330 Heinrich … son of Konrad III; in Schmidtburg

:1323–1334: Gottfried III … son of Friedrich I & :1323–1356 Gerhard II … son of Friedrich I & :1323–1365 Friedrich II … son of Friedrich I & :1323–1409 Otto … son of Friedrich I; in Dhronecken

1356–1385: Friedrich III … son of Gerhard II & 1356–1408 Gerhard III … son of Gerhard II

(to the rhinegraves of Stein 1408) Wildgraves of Dhaun

1263–1301 Gottfried I … son of wildgrave Konrad II 1301–1309 Konrad III … son of Gottfried I 1309–1350 Johann I … son of Konrad III

(to the rhinegraves of Stein 1350) Rhinegraves of Stein, from 1350 Wildgraves and Rhinegraves

House of Stein :1194–1220 Wolfram … son of Siegfried of Stein by Lukardis, daughter of rhinegrave Embricho I 1220–1241: Embricho III … son of Wolfram :1250–1305: Siegfried I … son of Embricho III

& :1250–1268: Werner … son of Embricho III :1290–1327 Siegfried II … son of Werner 1327–1333 Johann I … son of Siegfried II 1333–1383 Johann II … son of Johann I by Hedwig, daughter of wildgrave Konrad III of Dhaun;

wildgrave of Dhaun 1350; also inherited ½ of Kyrburg :1323 75 1383–1428 Johann III … son of Johann II; inherited remaining ½ of Kyrburg 1408 76

74 Raugrave Otto had married Marie, daughter of count Heinrich VII of Lower Salm. 75 Through his wife Margarete, daughter of wildgrave Friedrich I of Kyrburg.

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& 1383–1447 Friedrich IV … son of Johann II 1428–1476 Johann IV … son of Johann III

(union with Upper Salm 1476 77) Raugraves

Emichonid House of Nahegau 1148–1172: Emicho I … son of wildgrave Emicho I; count of Baumburg 1148 :1186–1189: Konrad I … son of Emicho I

& :1186–1201: Emicho II … son of Emicho I 1201:–1230: Konrad II … son of Emicho II

& 1201:–1229: Ruprecht I … son of Emicho II & 1201:–1232: Gerhard … son of Emicho II

(division into lines of Stolzenberg, Neuenbaumburg, and Altenbaumburg 1230s) Raugraves in Stolzenberg and Simmern

:1239–1279: Konrad III … son of Konrad II :1305–1309 Georg I … son of Konrad III

& :1305–1327: Konrad IV … son of Konrad III 1309–1350 Georg II … son of Georg I

& 1309–1340 Konrad V, the Younger … son of Georg I; in Nannstein 1323 1340–1341 Johann … son of Konrad V; in Nannstein 1350–1358 Wilhelm I … son of Georg II

House of Bolanden 1358–1376 Philipp II … son of Otto I of Bolanden by Loretta, daughter of Georg I 1376–1386 Konrad VI … brother of Philipp II

(to the raugraves in Neuenbaumburg 138678) Raugraves in Altenbaumburg

Emichonid House of Nahegau :1242–1281 Ruprecht II … son of Ruprecht I 1281–1316: Ruprecht III … son of Ruprecht II

& 1281–1326 Heinrich III, the Elder … son of Ruprecht II 1326–1363: Ruprecht IV … son of Heinrich III :1371–1385 Heinrich V … son of Ruprecht IV

(to the raugraves in Neuenbaumburg :139179) Raugraves in Neuenbaumburg

:1242–1261 Heinrich I … son of Ruprecht I 1261–1288 Heinrich II … son of Heinrich I 1288–1306: Gottfried … son of Heinrich II

& 1288–1344 Heinrich IV, the Younger … son of Heinrich II 1344–1359 Philipp I … son of Heinrich IV 1359–1397 Philipp III … son of Philipp I; husband of Anna, daughter of Philipp II of Stolzenberg

76 Through his wife Adelheid, daughter of wildgrave Gerhard III of Kyrburg. 77 Johann IV’s son Johann V had already inherited Upper Salm in 1475. 78 Most of the holdings were already sold to the Palatinate in 1358 (Simmern), 1376, and 1386. 79 Most of the holdings were already pawned to the Palatinate.

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& 1359–1361: Heinrich VI … son of Philipp I 1397–1400 Wilhelm II … son of Philipp III 1400–1457 Otto … son of Philipp III; sold holdings, died 1464

(to the Palatinate 1457) WINDISCHGRÄTZ

The Austrian lords of Windischgrätz (or Windisch-Grätz) acquired the barony of Waldstein in Thale in 1551, the title of count in 1557, and were promoted to imperial counts in 1658. Count Alfred purchased the imperial lordship of Eglofs in 1804 and was promoted to prince in 1805. A year later the principality was mediatized in favor of Württemberg. The list includes only the princely branch of the family.

Counts and Princes of Windischgrätz

House of Windischgrätz 1658–1695 Karl Gottlieb I … son of count Bartholomäus of Windischgrätz; imperial count 1658 1695–1727 Ernst Friedrich … son of Karl Gottlieb I 1727–1746 Leopold Victorin … son of Karl Gottlieb I 1746–1802 Joseph Nikolaus … son of Leopold Karl, son of Leopold Victorin 1802–1806 Alfred … son of Joseph Nikolaus; prince 1805; mediatized, died 1862

(to Württemberg 1806) WÜRTTEMBERG

The Swabian lordship of Württemberg around Stuttgart became a county in 1241 and was greatly increased in size by the counts through conquests, marriages, purchases, and imperial grants. In this fashion, the counts of Württemberg obtained Urach, Teck, and Montbéliard. The territory was declared indivisible in 1473 and the emperor promoted the ambitious Eberhard VI to duke in 1495. In the 16th century Württemberg suffered from imperial intervention and controversies surrounding the Reformation, but the dynasty managed to maintain itself. Unusually for southern Germany, the dynasty adopted the Protestantism. During the Napoleonic wars Württemberg became an electorate in 1803 and then a kingdom in 1806, which controlled the largest portion of the old duchy of Swabia. The kingdom of Württemberg survived a conflict with Prussia in the 1860s and joined the German Empire in 1871. In 1918 Wilhelm Karl Florestan, son of duke Friedrich of Urach, son of Wilhelm, son of duke Friedrich II Eugen of Württemberg, was briefly king of Lithuania. The monarchy ended, as elsewhere, in 1918. For the collateral lines of Montbéliard and Oels (Oleśnica), see there.

Counts of Württemberg

House of Württemberg 1240–c.1243 Eberhard I … son of lord Ludwig of Württemberg

& 1240–1265 Ulrich I, the Founder … brother of Eberhard I; count 1241 1265–1279 Ulrich II … son of Ulrich I 1279–1325 Eberhard II, the Illustrious … son of Ulrich I 1325–1344 Ulrich III … son of Eberhard II 1344–1392 Eberhard III, the Wrangler … son of Ulrich III

& 1344–1366 Ulrich IV … son of Ulrich III 1392–1417 Eberhard IV, the Mild … son of Ulrich, son of Eberhard III 1417–1419 Eberhard V, the Younger … son of Eberhard IV 1419–1450 Ludwig I … son of Eberhard V; in Urach 1441

& 1419–1480 Ulrich V, the Beloved … son of Eberhard V; in Stuttgart 1441 1450–1457 Ludwig II … son of Ludwig I

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& 1450–1495 Erberhard VI, the Bearded … son of Ludwig I; duke 1495–1496 1480–1496 Eberhard VII, the Younger … son of Ulrich V; duke 1496–1498; died 1504

Dukes of Württemberg

1495–1496 Eberhard I, the Bearded … former count of Württemberg 1450–1495 1496–1498 Eberhard II, the Younger … former count of Württemberg 1480–1496; deposed, died 1504 1498–1519 Ulrich … son of count Henri of Montbéliard, son of Ulrich V; deposed 1519–1534 (to the Empire) 1534–1550 Ulrich … restored 1550–1568 Christoph … son of Ulrich 1568–1593 Ludwig, the Pious … son of Christoph 1593–1608 Friedrich I … son of count Georges of Montbéliard, brother of Ulrich 1608–1628 Johann Friedrich … son of Friedrich I 1628–1674 Eberhard III … son of Johann Friedrich 1674–1677 Wilhelm Ludwig … son of Eberhard III 1677–1733 Eberhard IV Ludwig … son of Wilhelm Ludwig 1733–1737 Karl I Alexander … son of duke Friedrich Karl of Winnental, son of Eberhard III 1737–1793 Karl II Eugen … son of Karl I 1793–1795 Ludwig Eugen … son of Karl I 1795–1797 Friedrich II Eugen … son of Karl I 1797–1803 Friedrich III, the Fat … son of Friedrich II Eugen; elector 1803–1805; king 1806–1816

Electors and Kings of Württemberg

1803–1816 Friedrich I, the Fat … former duke of Württemberg 1797; elector 1803; king 1806 1816–1864 Wilhelm I … son of Friedrich I 1864–1891 Karl I … son of Wilhelm I 1891–1918 Wilhelm II … son of Friedrich, son of Paul, son of Friedrich I; deposed, died 1921

(to Germany 1918) Dukes of Württemberg in Weiltingen

1617–1635 Julius Friedrich … son of duke Friedrich I of Württemberg 1635–1651 Roderich … son of Julius Friedrich 1651–1662 Manfred … son of Julius Friedrich 1662–1705 Friedrich Ferdinand … son of Manfred

(to Württemberg 1705) Dukes of Württemberg in Neustadt

1649–1682 Friedrich … son of duke Johann Friedrich of Württemberg + Ulrich … brother of Friedrich; associated in Neuenburg 1649–1671

1682–1716 Friedrich August … son of Friedrich 1716–1742 Karl Rudolf … son of Friedrich

(to Württemberg 1742) WÜRZBURG

The bishops of Würzburg controlled a sizeable principality in Eastern Franconia, and from the 15th century claimed the ducal title. When the bishopric was secularized in 1803, this territory was granted to Bavaria. In

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1805 the duchy of Würzburg was given as compensation to the Habsburg former grand duke of Tuscany, who had been deprived of Tuscany in 1801 and of Salzburg in 1805. In 1806 he was raised to the rank of grand duke of Würzburg, which he retained until the fall of Napoléon and an Austro-Bavarian agreement in 1814, which returned Würzburg to Bavaria in exchange for Salzburg. The grand duke was restored to Tuscany.

Duke and Grand Duke of Würzburg

Habsburg-Lorraine House of Austria 1806–1814 Ferdinand … son of emperor Leopold II; duke; grand-duke 1806; Tuscany 1791–1801

and 1814–1824 (to Bavaria 1814) ZÄHRINGEN

The House of Zähringen achieved prominence as rulers in Breisgau in the mid-11th century, and in 1061 Berthold the Bearded was invested as duke of Carinthia and margrave of Verona. He lost these titles because of opposing the emperor in the Investiture Controversy, but his son married the heiress of the Rheinfelden duke of Swabia, and attempted to assert his rights in Swabia. Finally coming to terms with his Hohenstaufen rivals and with the emperor, Berthold II was recognized as duke of Zähringen in 1100. In 1127 the duke of Zähringen was recognized imperial rector in Burgundy, a title retained until the extinction of the ducal line in 1218. The private possessions of the last dukes were divided among his sisters’ husbands, the counts of Urach and Kiburg. Possession of Breisgau eventually passed to Austria (contested by Bavaria and France), and in 1803 a duchy of Breisgau was created to compensate Ercole III d’Este of Modena and his son-in-law Ferdinand of Habsburg-Lorraine for the loss of their Italian territories. This short-lived state was quickly divided between Bade and Württemberg in 1805, before passing to Bade in its entirety in 1810.

Counts and Dukes of Zähringen

House of Zähringen 1061–1078 Berthold I, the Bearded … son of count Berthold III of Breisgau; duke of Carinthia 1061–1072,

margrave of Verona 1061–1077 1078–1111 Berthold II … son of Berthold I; rival duke of Swabia 1092–1098; duke of Zähringen

1100; married Agnes, daughter of duke Rudolf I of Swabia 1111–1122 Berthold III … son of Berthold II 1122–1152 Konrad … son of Berthold II 1152–1186 Berthold IV … son of Konrad 1186–1218 Berthold V … son of Berthold IV 1218–1803 (divided between Kiburg and Urach-Freiburg 1218; to Habsburg Austria 1368; Bavaria 1644;

to France 1677; to Austria 1697; to France 1713; to Austria 1714; to France 1744; to Austria 1748; to France 1801)

Dukes of Breisgau

House of Este 1803 Herkules (Ercole III) … son of duke Francesco III of Modena; Modena 1780–1796 80

Habsburg-Lorraine House of Austria 1803–1805 Ferdinand … son of emperor Franz I; duke of Breisgau as husband of Maria Beatrice,

daughter of Herkules; abdicated, died 1806 (divided between Bade and Württemberg 1805; to Bade 1810)

80 Ercole III was compensated with Breisgau, including Freiburg, in exchange for his duchy of Modena in 1801, but the area remained occupied by the French until his death in 1803.

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ZÜTPHEN

The lordship of Zütphen, a vassal of Lower Lorraine, passed from one leading German family to another, until the mid-11th century. In 1046 it was granted to Godschalk of Twente as vassal of the bishop of Utrecht. In 1101 lord Otto II was raised to the status of count. In 1138 countess Ermgard was succeeded by her son, count Heinrich of Guelders, and Zütphen remained united with Guelders for centuries. When Guelders split up in 1581, Zütphen passed to the independent Netherlands.

Lords and Counts of Zütphen

Conradine House of Franconia 1018–1025 Otto I … son of count Heribert of Wetterau, son of count Udo, son of duke Gebhard of

Lorraine; abdicated, died 1036 Ezzonid House of Lorraine

1025–1031 Liudolf … husband of Mathilda, daughter of Otto I; son of count palatine Ezzo 1031–1033 Hendrik I, the Old … son of Liudolf 1033–1042 Koenraad I … son of Liudolf; deposed; duke of Bavaria 1049–1053; died 1055

House of Verdun 1042–1044 Gozelo, the Great … brother of Ermgard, widow of Otto I; son of vice-duke Gottfried II

of Lower Lorraine; Lower Lorraine 1023–1044 1044–1046 Godfried, the Bearded … son of Gozelo; deposed; also Upper Lorraine; Lower Lorraine 1065–1069

House of Twente 1046–1063 Godschalk … husband of Adelheid, daughter of Liudolf; son of count Hermann II of Nifterlake 1063–1113 Otto II, the Rich … son of Gottschalk; count 1101 1113–1127 Hendrik II, the Elder … son of Otto II 1127–1138 Ermgard … daughter of Otto II

& 1127–1131 Gerard, the Tall of Guelders … husband of Ermgard; son of count Gerhard I of Guelders & :1134–1136 Koenraad II of Luxembourg … married Ermgard; son of count Wilhelm I of Luxembourg

(to Guelders 1138; to the Spanish Netherlands 1549; to the independent Netherlands 1581) ZWEIBRÜCKEN

In c.1193 count Heinrich of Saarbrücken took Zweibrücken as his share of his father’s inheritance by partition with his brother. His grandsons divided their possessions again in 1297, with Zweibrücken retained by Walram I, while Bitsch passed to his brother Eberhard I, and Eberstein to the sons of their deceased brother Simon. In 1385 Eberhard II sold ½ of Zweibrücken to the Palatinate, which took possession of the rest of the county on his death in 1394. From 1410 to 1799 Zweibrücken was ruled by its own branch of the Wittelsbach House of the Palatinate. It passed to France in 1801, but was recovered by Bavaria in 1815. The rulers of Eberstein and Bitsch also used the title “count of Zweibrücken.” The counts of Zweibrücken-Bitsch became extinct in the male line in 1570, and through Jakob’s daughter Ludovica Margaretha a share of the family lands passed to her son, Johann Reinhard I of Hanau-Lichtenberg.

Counts of Zweibrücken

Luxembourg House of Saarbrücken c.1193–1228 Heinrich I … son of count Simon I of Saarbrücken; Saarbrücken c.1183–c.1193

1228–1282 Heinrich II, the Warlike … son of Heinrich I 1282–1297 Eberhard I … son of Heinrich II; to Bitsch 1297–c.1321

& 1282–1308 Walram I … son of Heinrich II 1308–1312 Simon … son of Walram I 1312–1366 Walram II … son of Simon

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1366–1394 Eberhard … son of Walram II (to the Palatinate 1394) Counts of Zweibrücken in Bitsch

1297–c.1321 Eberhard I … son of count Heinrich II of Zweibrücken; Zweibrücken 1282–1297 c.1321–1355 Simon I … son of Eberhard I

1355–1400 Johann I (Hanemann) … son of Simon I 1400–c.1418 Johann II (Hanemann) … son of Johann I

& 1400–1407 Simon II Wecker … son of Johann I c.1418–1420: Simon III … son of Johann II

& c.1418–1474 Friedrich … son of Johann II 1474–1499 Simon IV Wecker … son of Friedrich; inherited ½ Lichtenberg 1499–1532 Reinhard … son of Simon IV Wecker 1532–1540 Simon V Wecker … son of Reinhard 1540–1570 Jakob … son of Reinhard; purchased Ochsenstein 1543

(to Hanau-Lichtenberg 1570) ADDENDA: CITIES AND BISHOPS, ARCHBISHOP-ELECTORS OF MAINZ, COLOGNE, & TRIER

The lists above treat secular monarchs of various ranks who ruled polities within the Holy Roman Empire during the medieval and modern periods. But the Empire also included free imperial cities that enjoyed autonomy from local feudal and ecclesiastical princes and were (theoretically) subject only to the emperor himself. This status was conferred gradually to many of the leading urban and commercial centers, like Bremen, Lübeck, and Nürnberg; the establishment of a free imperial city would force even the most powerful prelates to give up on their attempts to control the very towns to which they owed their titles, as at Cologne, Mainz, and Augsburg. While the Holy Roman Empire and the German kingdom did not have a permanent, fully-fledged capital in the modern sense of the word, this function was largely fulfilled by Frankfurt. An old royal residence, this was the traditional setting for royal elections, and also the place of royal and imperial coronations from the 16th century. Other cities were not lagging far behind: Aachen was the earlier traditional coronation site, and Nürnberg, Regensburg, and Augsburg the usual places for convening the imperial diets (assemblies). Mainz was the most prestigious religious center, since its archbishop enjoyed the status of primate of the German clergy. The vast majority of imperial cities were mediatized in 1803 and allotted to the neighboring principalities.

The close cooperation between church and state in the early medieval period, and the great dependency of the state administration (such as it was) on the church and clerics resulted in the endowment and investment of religious institutions with fiefs and estates. This included not only archbishoprics and bishoprics, but even abbeys. Indeed ecclesiastical principalities were more common and widespread in the Holy Roman Empire than in any other part of Europe. Some of these principalities compared favorably with most of the secular polities within the Empire: for example those of Utrecht, Liège (Lüttich), Bremen, Magdeburg, Bamberg, Würzburg, Augsburg, Salzburg, Aquileia, Trento (Trient), and Basel. Most renowned were naturally the archbishops of Mainz, Cologne, and Trier, who served as three of the electors of the Holy Roman Empire. The high clergy, vested as it was with both religious authority and secular power, naturally became effectively monopolized by noble families of various ranks. For this reason, the archbishops of the three ecclesiastical electorates who officiated between the accession of Pippin the Short in 751 and the general secularization of ecclesiastical principalities in 1802 are listed below.

MAINZ

The bishop of Mainz was promoted to archbishop in 747. By the 14th century he had acquired primacy over all his peers within the Empire, serving as imperial elector, arch-chancellor of Germany, president of the electoral

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college, and primate of the German clergy. Since the 12th century the archbishops resided in Aschaffenburg instead of Mainz. In 1801 the archbishopric’s holdings west of the Rhine (including Mainz itself) were lost to France, Mainz was demoted to a mere bishopric, and the archbishopric was transferred to Regensburg (see Dalberg). Shorn of much of its possessions east of the Rhine by the secularization of 1803, the remainder of the archbishopric were reconstituted as the principality of Aschaffenburg and turned over to the former archbishop of Mainz, Karl Theodor of Dalberg. After the collapse of the Napoleonic order in Germany Mainz passed to Hesse-Darmstadt.

Archbishops of Mainz

745–754 Bonifatius 81 755–786 Lullus 82 787–813 Richulf 813–825 Haistulf 826–847 Otgar … kinsman of Richulf 847–856 Rabanus, Maurus 83 … son of Walram 856–863 Karl … son of king Pépin I of Aquitaine 863–889 Liutbert … arch-chancellor 889–891 Sunderold 891–913 Hatto I 913–927 Heriger … arch-chancellor 927–937 Hildebert 937–954 Friedrich 954–968 Wilhelm … bastard son of emperor Otto I; arch-chancellor (office retained by successors) 968–970 Hatto II 970–975 Ruprecht

975–1011 Willigis 84 1011–1021 Erkanbald … son of count Altmann of Ölsburg 1021–1031 Aribo … son of count palatine Aribo I of Bavaria 1031–1051 Bardo 85 … son of count Adalbero/Bardo 1051–1059 Leopold I of Bogen … son of margrave Leopold I of Austria 1060–1084 Siegfried I … son of count Siegfried of Königssondergau 1084–1088 Wezilo 1088–1109 Ruthard 1111–1137 Adalbert I … son of count Sigebert of Saarbrücken 1138–1141 Adalbert II … son of count Friedrich I of Saarbrücken, brother of Adalbert I 1141–1142 Markolf 1142–1153 Heinrich I of Harburg 1153–1160 Arnold of Selenhofen

1160 Rudolf of Zähringen … son of duke Konrad of Zähringen; deposed, died 1191 1160–1161 Christian I of Buch … rival archbishop since 1160; deposed 1161–1165 Konrad I of Wittelsbach … son of count palatine Otto II of Bavaria; deposed 1165–1183 Christian I of Buch … restored 1183–1200 Konrad I of Wittelsbach … restored

81 Originally named Winfried, canonized as saint. 82 Canonized as saint in 852. 83 Beatified or canonized as saint. 84 Canonized as saint. 85 Canonized as saint.

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1200–1208 Leopold II of Schönfeld … deposed, died 1217 1208–1230 Siegfried II of Eppstein … son of Gerhard I of Eppstein; rival archbishop since 1200 1230–1249 Siegfried III of Eppstein … son of Gottfried I of Eppstein, brother of Siegfried II 1249–1251 Christian II of Bolanden … son of count Werner II of Bolanden; deposed, died 1253 1251–1259 Gerhard I of Dhaun … son of wildgrave Konrad II of Dhaun, son of wildgrave Gerhard I by

Agnes of Wittelsbach, daughter of count palatine Otto IV of Bavaria, brother of Konrad I 1259–1284 Werner of Eppstein … son of Gerhard II of Eppstein, brother of Siegfried III 1286–1288 Heinrich II of Isny 1288–1305 Gerhard II of Eppstein … son of Gottfried II of Eppstein, brother of Siegfried III 1306–1320 Peter of Aspelt 1321–1328 Matthias of Buchegg … son of count Heinrich of Buchegg 1328–1337 (regency of Balduin, archbishop of Trier; son of count Henri VI of Luxembourg; died 1354) 1328–1346 Heinrich III of Virneburg … son of count Ruprecht II of Virneburg, brother of

archbishop Heinrich II of Cologne; deposed, died 1353 1346–1371 Gerlach of Nassau … son of count Gerlach I of Nassau-Wiesbaden, son of king Adolf of

Germany; elector from 1356 1371–1373 Johann I of Luxemburg … son of count Jean of Luxemburg-Ligny 1374–1381 Ludwig of Meissen … son of margrave Friedrich II of Meissen; abdicated, died 1382 1381–1390 Adolf I of Nassau … son of count Adolf I of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein, brother of Gerlach 1390–1396 Konrad II of Weinsberg … son of Engelhard VI of Weinsberg 1396–1397 Gottfried of Leiningen … son of count Emich VI of Leiningen-Dagsburg; deposed, died 1409 1397–1419 Johann II of Nassau … brother of Adolf I 1419–1434 Konrad III of Dhaun … son of wildgrave/rhinegrave Johann II 1434–1459 Dietrich Schenk von Erbach … son of Eberhard X Schenk von Erbach 1459–1461 Diether of Isenburg … son of count Diether I of Isenburg-Büdingen; deposed 1461–1475 Adolf II of Nassau … son of count Adolf II of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein, son of count

Walram II, brother of Adolf I 1475–1482 Diether of Isenburg … restored 1482–1484 (regency of Adalbert III, son of elector Ernst of Saxony) 1484–1504 Berthold of Henneberg … son of count Georg I of Henneberg-Römhild by Johanna of

Nassau-Weilburg, daughter of count Philipp I of Nassau-Weilburg, son of Johann I, brother of Gerlach

1504–1508 Jakob of Liebenstein … son of Peter II of Liebenstein 1508–1514 Uriel of Gemmingen … son of Hans of Gemmingen 1514–1545 Albrecht of Brandenburg … son of elector Johann of Brandenburg 1545–1555 Sebastian of Heusenstamm … son of Martin I of Heusenstamm 1555–1582 Daniel Brendel von Homburg … son of Friedrich Brendel von Homburg 1582–1601 Wolfgang of Dalberg … son of Friedrich of Dalberg 1601–1604 Johann Adam of Bicken … son of Philipp of Bicken by Anna Brendel von Homburg,

sister of Daniel 86 1604–1626 Johann Schweikhard von Kronberg … son of Hartmut XIII of Kronberg 1626–1629 Georg Friedrich of Greiffenclau … son of Dietrich of Greiffenclau-Vollrads, son of

Richard, son of Friedrich, brother of archbishop Richard of Trier 1629–1647 Anselm Casimir Wambolt von Umstadt … son of Eberhard Wambolt von Umstadt 1647–1673 Johann Philipp of Schönborn … son of Georg of Schönborn

86 However, W. Möller, Stamm-Tafeln westdeutscher Adels-Geschlechter im Mittelalter, IV (Darmstadt, 1951): 58, has Johann Adam as the son of Konrad V of Bicken.

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1673–1675 Lothar Friedrich of Metternich … son of Gerhard of Metternich-Burscheid 1675–1678 Damian Hartard of Leyen … brother of archbishop Karl Kaspar of Trier

1679 Karl Heinrich of Metternich … son of Wilhelm of Metternich-Winneburg, son of Johann Dietrich, brother of archbishop Lothar of Trier

1679–1695 Anselm Franz of Ingelheim … son of Georg Hans of Ingelheim 1695–1729 Lothar Franz of Schönborn … son of Philipp Erwein of Schönborn, brother of Johann Philipp,

by Maria Ursula, daughter of Heinrich of Greiffenclau, brother of Georg Friedrich 1729–1732 Franz Ludwig of the Palatinate … son of elector Philipp Wilhelm of the Palatinate; Trier

1716–1729 1732–1743 Philipp Karl of Eltz … son of Johann Jakob of Eltz, son of Johann Anton, son of Johann

Reichard, son of Georg, brother of archbishop Jakob III of Trier 1743–1763 Johann Friedrich Karl of Ostein … son of Johann Franz Sebastian of Ostein by Anna

Karolina Maria of Schönborn, sister of archbishop Franz Georg of Trier 1763–1774 Emmerich Joseph of Breidbach … son of Ferdinand Damian of Breidbach-Bürresheim 1774–1802 Friedrich Karl Joseph of Erthal … son of Philipp Christoph of Erthal 1802–1803 Karl Theodor of Dalberg … son of Franz Heinrich of Dalberg, son of Wolff Eberhard by

Anna Maria, daughter of Johann Erwein of Greiffenclau, son of Georg Philipp, son of Heinrich, brother of Georg Friedrich; elector of Regensburg 1803–1810, grand duke of Frankfurt 1810–1813, died 1817

(partly to France 1801; remainder divided between Prussia, Hesse-Cassel, Hesse-Darmstadt, Nassau-Usingen, Löwenstein-Wertheim, Hohenlohe, Isenburg, Linange, Salm-Reifferscheidt, and Dalberg 1803; Mainz to Hesse-Darmstadt 1815)

COLOGNE (KÖLN)

The bishopric of Cologne was raised to archbishopric in 795. By the 14th century the archsbihop was serving as an imperial elector and as arch-chancellor of Italy. In addition to other widespread landholdings, the archbishop was invested with the duchy of Westphalia, carved out of the old duchy of Saxony, in 1180. In 1801 the archbishopric’s lands west of the Rhine were annexed by France; the remainder was secularized in 1803 and divided among secular principalities. In 1815 the entire territory of the former archbishopric passed to Prussia.

Archbishops of Cologne

750–753 Hildegar 753–763 Berethelm 763–782 Richulf 782–818 Hildebold … archbishop from 795 819–841 Hadebald

842 Liutbert 842–849 Hilduin 850–863 Günther … son of count Gerulf I of West Frisia; deposed 864–866 Hugo I, the Abbot … son of count Conrad I of Auxerre; deposed, died 886 866–870 Günther … restored; abdicated, died 873 870–889 Willibert 890–924 Hermann I … son of count Erenfried I of Bliesgau by Adelgonde, daughter of count

Conrad II of Auxerre, brother of Hugo I 924–953 Wigfried … son of count Gerhard of Metzgau by Oda, daughter of duke Otto I of Saxony

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953–965 Bruno I 87 … son of king Heinrich I of Germany, brother of Wigfried’s mother Oda 965–969 Volkmar … son of (?) count Friedrich II of Harzgau 969–976 Gero … son of (?) margrave Christian of Thuringia 976–985 Warin 984–999 Everger

999–1021 Heribert 88 … son of count Hugo of Wormsgau 1021–1036 Pilgrim … son of count Chadalo of Isengau, brother of Aribo of Mainz; arch-chancellor of

Italy from 1031 1036–1056 Hermann II … son of count palatine Erenfried of Lorraine by Mathilde, daughter of

emperor Otto II 1056–1075 Anno II of Steußlingen 89 … son of Walter of Steußlingen 1076–1078 Hildolf 1079–1089 Sigewin, the Pious 1089–1099 Hermann III, the Rich, of Cleves … brother of count Gerhard I of Hochstaden 1100–1131 Friedrich I of Schwarzenburg … son of count Berthold I of Schwarzenburg 1131–1137 Bruno II of Berg … son of count Adolf I of Berg

1137 Hugo II of Sponheim … son of count Stephan II of Sponheim 1137–1151 Arnold I of Randerath … son of Harper I of Randerath 1151–1156 Arnold II of Wied … son of count Metfried of Wied 1156–1158 Friedrich II of Berg … son of count Adolf II of Berg, brother of Bruno II 1159–1167 Rainald of Dassel … son of count Rainald I of Dassel 1167–1191 Philipp I of Heinsberg … son of Goswin II of Heinsberg; duke of Westphalia 1180 1191–1193 Bruno III of Berg … brother of Friedrich II; abdicated, died c.1200 1193–1205 Adolf I of Berg … son of count Eberhard I of Altena, brother of Bruno III; deposed 1205–1208 Bruno IV of Sayn … son of count Eberhard I of Sayn 1208–1212 Dietrich I of Hengebach ... deposed, died c.1224 1212–1216 Adolf I of Berg … restored; deposed, died 1220 1216–1225 Engelbert I of Berg 90 … son of count Engelbert I of Berg, brother of Bruno III 1225–1238 Heinrich I of Müllenark 1238–1261 Konrad I of Hochstaden … son of count Lothar I of Are-Hochstaden, son of count

Dietrich, son of count Otto of Are by Adelheid, daughter of count Gerhard II of Hochstaden, brother of Hermann III

1261–1274 Engelbert II of Heinsberg … son of count Dietrich I of Heinsberg, son of count Arnold by Adelheid, daughter of Gottfried, brother of Philipp I

1275–1297 Siegfried of Westerburg … son of Siegfried IV of Westerburg-Runkel 1297–1304 Wigbold of Holte 1304–1332 Heinrich II of Virneburg … son of count Heinrich of Virneburg 1332–1349 Walram of Jülich … son of count Gerhard V of Jülich 1349–1362 Wilhelm of Gennep 1362–1363 Johann of Virneburg… son of count Ruprecht III of Virneburg (by Agnes of Westerburg,

daughter of Heinrich I of Westerburg-Runkel, brother of Siegfried), son of Ruprecht II, brother of Heinrich II; deposed, died 1371

1363–1364 Adolf II of Mark … son of count Adolf II of Mark, brother of Engelbert III (below); abdicated, died 1394

87 Canonized as saint. 88 Canonized as saint c.1074. 89 Canonized as saint 1183. 90 Canonized as saint.

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1364–1368 Engelbert III of Mark … son of count Engelbert II of Mark 1368–1370 (regency of Kuno, son of Kuno I of Falkenstein-Münzenberg; Trier 1362–1388) 1370–1414 Friedrich III of Saarwerden … son of count Johann II of Saarwerden, son of count

Friedrich II, brother of Johanna, mother of Kuno 1414–1463 Dietrich II of Mörs … son of count Friedrich III of Mörs by Walburga, sister of Friedrich III 1463–1480 Ruprecht of the Palatinate … son of elector Ludwig III of the Palatinate; in Burgundian

captivity from 1478 1480–1508 Hermann IV, the Pacific, of Hesse … son of landgrave Ludwig II of Hesse; regent since 1478 1508–1515 Philipp II of Daun … son of Wilrich IV of Daun-Oberstein 1515–1546 Hermann V of Wied … son of count Friedrich I of Wied; deposed, died 1552 1547–1556 Adolf III of Schaumburg … son of count Jobst I of Schaumburg-Holstein-Pinneberg; regent

since 1546 1556–1558 Anton of Schaumburg … brother of Adolf III 1558–1562 Johann Gebhard of Mansfeld … son of count Ernst II of Mansfeld-Vorderort 1562–1567 Friedrich IV of Wied … son of count Johann III of Wied, brother of Hermann V; abdicated,

died 1568 1567–1577 Salentin of Isenburg … son of count Heinrich of Isenburg-Grenzau, brother of archbishop

Johann V of Trier; abdicated, died 1610 1577–1582 Gebhard of Waldburg … son of count Wilhelm of Waldburg-Trauchburg; deposed, died 1601 1583–1612 Ernst of Bavaria … son of duke Albrecht V of Bavaria 1612–1650 Ferdinand of Bavaria … son of duke Wilhelm V of Bavaria, brother of Ernst 1650–1688 Maximilian Heinrich of Bavaria … son of landgrave Albrecht II of Leuchtenberg, brother

of Ferdinand 1688–1723 Joseph Clemens of Bavaria … son of elector Ferdinand Maria of Bavaria, son of elector

Maximilian I, brother of Ferdinand 1723–1761 Clemens August of Bavaria … son of elector Maximilian II of Bavaria, brother of Joseph Clemens 1761–1784 Maximilian Friedrich of Königsegg … son of count Albert Eusebius Franz of Königsegg-

Rothenfels 1784–1801 Maximilian Franz of Austria … son of emperor Franz I 1801–1803 Anton Viktor of Austria … son of emperor Leopold II, brother of Maximilian Franz; deposed,

died 1835 (partly to France 1801; remainder divided between Nassau-Usingen, Wied, Arenberg, and

Hesse-Darmstadt 1803; to Prussia 1815) TRIER

Trier became a major Christian center in the 4th century as the capital of the Roman prefecture of the Gauls; its bishop was quickly raised to the rank of archbishop. By the 14th century the archbishop of Trier served as imperial elector and arch-chancellor of Burgundy. The archbishops resided at Koblenz. In 1801 the archbishopric’s lands west of the Rhine were annexed by France, and in 1803 the remainder was secularized; in 1815 most of it was turned over to Prussia.

Archbishops of Trier

671–697 Basinus … abdicated, died 706 697–718 Liutwin … son of count Gerwin by Gunza, sister of Basinus 718–758 Milo … son of Liutwin 758–791 Wermad 791–804 Richbod 804–809 Wizzo

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809–814 Amalhar 814–847 Hetti 847–868 Dietgold … nephew of Hetti 869–883 Bertulf … son of count Gebhard of Lahngau 883–915 Radbod 915–930 Ruotgar 930–956 Ruotbert 956–964 Heinrich I … son of count Heinrich of Babenberg 965–977 Dietrich I 977–993 Egbert … son of count Dirk II of Holland

994–1008 Liudolf 1008 Adalbero I of Luxembourg … son of count Siegfried of Luxembourg; deposed, died 1037

1008–1015 Megingod 1016–1047 Poppo of Babenberg … son of margrave Leopold I of Austria 1047–1066 Eberhard … son of count Hezzelin

1066 Kuno I of Pfullingen … son of Eilolf of Pfullingen by Hazzecha of Steußlingen, sister of archbishop Anno II of Cologne

1066–1078 Udo of Nellenburg … son of count Eberhard I of Nellenburg 1079–1101 Engelbert of Rothenburg 1102–1124 Bruno of Lauffen … son of count Arnold of Lauffen by Adelheid of Nellenburg, sister of Udo 1124–1127 Gottfried of Falmagne 1127–1130 Meginher of Vianden 1131–1152 Adalbero II of Montreuil 1152–1169 Hillin of Falmagne 1169–1183 Arnold I of Valcourt 1183–1189 Vollmar of Karden

– Rudolf of Wied … rival 1183–1189 1189–1212 Johann I 1212–1242 Dietrich II of Wied … son of count Dietrich I of Wied 1242–1259 Arnold II of Isenburg … son of Bruno I of Isenburg-Braunsberg by Theodora of Wied,

sister of Dietrich II; arch-chancellor of Burgundy from 1242 1260–1286 Heinrich II of Finstingen … son of Merbodo II of Malberg 1286–1299 Bohemund I of Warnesberg … son of Isenbard of Warnesberg 1300–1307 Diether III of Nassau son of count Walram II of Nassau; brother of king Adolf of Germany 1307–1354 Balduin of Luxembourg … son of count Heinrich VI of Luxembourg; brother of emperor

Heinrich VII 1354–1361 Bohemund II of Saarbrücken … son of Gottfried of Warnesberg; elector from 1356 1362–1388 Kuno II of Falkenstein … son of Kuno I of Falkenstein-Münzenberg; Cologne 1368–1370 1388–1418 Werner of Falkenstein … son of Philipp VI of Falkenstein by Agnes, daughter of

Philipp V of Falkenstein, brother of Kuno II 1418–1430 Otto of Ziegenhain … son of count Gottfried VIII of Ziegenhain, son of count Gottfried

VII by Agnes, sister of Kuno II 1430–1439 Raban of Helmstatt … son of Weiprecht I of Helmstatt 1439–1456 Jakob I of Sierck … son of Arnold of Sierck 1456–1503 Johann II of Bade … son of margrave Jakob I of Bade 1503–1511 Jakob II of Bade … son of margrave Christoph I of Bade, son of margrave Karl I, brother of

Johann II 1511–1531 Richard of Greiffenclau … son of Johann I of Greiffenclau-Vollrads

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1531–1540 Johann III of Metzenhausen … son of Heinrich of Metzenhausen 1540–1547 Johann IV of Hagen … son of Friedrich of Hagen by Sophia of Greiffenclau, daughter of

Friedrich, brother of Johann I, father of Richard 1547–1556 Johann V of Isenburg … son of count Gerlach IV of Isenburg-Grenzau 1556–1567 Johann VI of Leyen … son of Batholomäus of Leyen 1567–1581 Jakob III of Eltz … son of Johann V of Eltz 1581–1599 Johann VII of Schönenberg … son of Johann of Schönenberg 1599–1623 Lothar of Metternich … son of Johann of Metternich by Katharina, sister of Johann VI 1623–1652 Philipp Christoph of Sötern … son of Georg Wilhelm of Sötern 1652–1676 Karl Kaspar of Leyen … son of Damian of Leyen, son of Michael, brother of Johann VI 1676–1711 Johann VIII Hugo of Orsbeck … son of Wilhelm of Orsbeck by Maria Katharina, sister

of Karl Kaspar 1711–1715 Karl Joseph of Lorraine … son of duke Charles V of Lorraine 1716–1729 Franz Ludwig of the Palatinate … son of elector Philipp Wilhelm of the Palatinate;

Mainz 1729–1732 1729–1756 Franz Georg of Schönborn … son of count Melchior Friedrich of Schönborn, brother of

archbishop Lothar Franz of Mainz 1756–1768 Johann IX Philipp of Walderdorff … son of Karl Lothar of Walderdorff 1768–1803 Clemens Wenzeslaus of Saxony … son of elector Friedrich August II of Saxony; deposed,

died 1812 (to France 1801; remainder to Nassau-Weilburg and others 1803; divided between

Prussia, Oldenburg, Hesse-Homburg, and Saxe-Coburg 1815)


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