Rol - 8/8/2007 AAC MANX Intro 1 Introduction: Low Emittance Muon Collider, New 6D Cooling Ideas, and...

Rol - 8/8/2007Rol - 8/8/2007 AAC MANX IntroAAC MANX Intro 11

Introduction:Introduction:Low Emittance Muon Collider, Low Emittance Muon Collider, New 6D Cooling Ideas, and New 6D Cooling Ideas, and

MANXMANX

Rol JohnsonRol Johnson

Muons, IncMuons, Inc..

Muons, Inc.

http://www.muonsinc.com/


High-Energy High-Luminosity High-Energy High-Luminosity Muon CollidersMuon Colliders

Are precision lepton machines at the energy frontierAre precision lepton machines at the energy frontier Affordable with new inventions and new technology Affordable with new inventions and new technology Can take advantage of ILC advancesCan take advantage of ILC advances Can be achieved in physics-motivated stagesCan be achieved in physics-motivated stages And MANX is a first step toward developing the beam And MANX is a first step toward developing the beam

cooling required for a muon collidercooling required for a muon collider

Muons, Inc.


Basic IdeasBasic Ideas A six-dimensional (6D) ionization cooling channel based on helical A six-dimensional (6D) ionization cooling channel based on helical

magnets surrounding RF cavities filled with dense hydrogen gas is the magnets surrounding RF cavities filled with dense hydrogen gas is the basis for our plan to build muon colliders. basis for our plan to build muon colliders.

This helical cooling channel (HCC) has solenoidal, helical dipole, and This helical cooling channel (HCC) has solenoidal, helical dipole, and helical quadrupole magnetic fields, where emittance exchange is helical quadrupole magnetic fields, where emittance exchange is achieved by using a continuous homogeneous absorber. achieved by using a continuous homogeneous absorber.

Momentum-dependent path length differences in the hydrogen energy Momentum-dependent path length differences in the hydrogen energy absorber provide the required correlation between momentum and absorber provide the required correlation between momentum and ionization loss to accomplish longitudinal cooling. ionization loss to accomplish longitudinal cooling. • Recent studies of an 800 MHz RF cavity pressurized with hydrogen, as Recent studies of an 800 MHz RF cavity pressurized with hydrogen, as

would be used in this application, show that the maximum gradient is not would be used in this application, show that the maximum gradient is not limited by a large external magnetic field, unlike vacuum cavities.limited by a large external magnetic field, unlike vacuum cavities.

• (Talk by (Talk by Mahzad BastaniNejadMahzad BastaniNejad tomorrow) tomorrow)• Crucial radiation tests of HP RF depend on the Crucial radiation tests of HP RF depend on the MTA beamlineMTA beamline..

New cooling ideas, such as Parametric-resonance Ionization Cooling New cooling ideas, such as Parametric-resonance Ionization Cooling and Reverse Emittance Exchange, will be employed to further reduce and Reverse Emittance Exchange, will be employed to further reduce transverse emittances to a few mm-mr to allow high luminosity with transverse emittances to a few mm-mr to allow high luminosity with fewer muons. fewer muons.

Present concepts for a 1.5 to 5 TeV center of mass collider with Present concepts for a 1.5 to 5 TeV center of mass collider with average luminosity greater than 10average luminosity greater than 103434/s-cm/s-cm22 include ILC RF to include ILC RF to accelerate positive and negative muons in a 10-pass RLA.accelerate positive and negative muons in a 10-pass RLA.

a new precooling idea based on a HCC with a new precooling idea based on a HCC with zz dependent fields is being dependent fields is being developed for MANX, an exceptional 6D cooling experiment. developed for MANX, an exceptional 6D cooling experiment.

Muons, Inc.


New inventions, new possibilitiesNew inventions, new possibilities Muon beams can be cooled to a few mm-mr (normalized)Muon beams can be cooled to a few mm-mr (normalized)

• allows HF RF (implies allows HF RF (implies Muon machines and ILC synergyMuon machines and ILC synergy))

Muon recirculation in ILC cavities => high energy, lower costMuon recirculation in ILC cavities => high energy, lower cost• Each cavity used 10 times for both muon chargesEach cavity used 10 times for both muon charges• Potential 20x efficiency wrt ILC approach offset byPotential 20x efficiency wrt ILC approach offset by

Muon cooling Muon cooling Recirculating arcsRecirculating arcs Muon decay implications for detectors, magnets, and radiationMuon decay implications for detectors, magnets, and radiation

A A low-emittance high-luminosity colliderlow-emittance high-luminosity collider• high luminosity with fewer muons high luminosity with fewer muons • First LEMC goal: EFirst LEMC goal: Ecomcom=5 TeV, <L>=10=5 TeV, <L>=103535

• Revised goal is 1.5 TeV to complement the LHCRevised goal is 1.5 TeV to complement the LHC

Many new ideas in the last 5 years. A new ball game!Many new ideas in the last 5 years. A new ball game! (many new ideas have been developed with DOE SBIR funding)(many new ideas have been developed with DOE SBIR funding)

Muons, Inc.

Rol - 8/8/2007 AAC MANX Intro 5

Neutrino Factory use of 8 GeV SC Linac

~ 700m Active Length

8 GeV Linac

Target and Muon Cooling Channel Recirculating

Linac for Neutrino Factory

Bunching Ring

Beam cooling allows muons to be recirculated in the same linac that accelerated protons for their creation, Running the Linac CW can put a lot of cold muons into a small aperture neutrino factory storage ring.

Muons, Inc.


Muon Collider use of 8 GeV SC Linac

~ 700m Active Length

8 GeV Linac

Target and Muon Cooling Channel Recirculating

Linac for Neutrino Factory

Bunching Ring

Or a coalescing ring can prepare more intense bunches for a muon collider

µ+ to RLA

µ- to RLA

23 GeV Coalescing Ring

Muons, Inc.

7AAC MANX IntroRol - 8/8/2007

2.5 km Linear Collider Segment

2.5 km Linear Collider Segment

postcoolers/preaccelerators

5 TeV Collider 1 km radius, <L>~5E34

10 arcs separated vertically in one tunnel

HCC

300kW proton driver

Tgt

IR IR

5 TeV ~ SSC energy reach

~5 X 2.5 km footprint

Affordable LC length (5 km), includes ILC people, ideas

More efficient use of RF: recirculation and both signs

High L from small emittance!

with fewer muons than originally imagined: a) easier p driver, targetry b) less detector background c) less site boundary radiation

Beams from 23 GeV Coalescing Ring

Muons, Inc.


Helical Cooling Channel Helical Cooling Channel

Continuous, homogeneous energy absorber for longitudinal coolingContinuous, homogeneous energy absorber for longitudinal coolingHelical Dipole magnet component for dispersion Helical Dipole magnet component for dispersion Solenoidal component for focusingSolenoidal component for focusingHelical Quadrupole for stability and increased acceptanceHelical Quadrupole for stability and increased acceptance

BNL Helical Dipole magnet for AGS spin control

Muons, Inc.


Two Different Designs of Helical Cooling MagnetTwo Different Designs of Helical Cooling Magnet

•Siberian snake type magnet•Consists of 4 layers of helix dipole to produce tapered helical dipole fields.•Coil diameter is 1.0 m.•Maximum field is more than 10 T.

•Helical solenoid coil magnet•Consists of 73 single coils (no tilt).•Maximum field is 5 T •Coil diameter is 0.5 m.

Large bore channel(conventional)

Small bore channel(helical solenoid)

Great new innovation! See Mike Lamm

Muons, Inc.


6-Dimensional Cooling in a Continuous Absorber 6-Dimensional Cooling in a Continuous Absorber

Helical cooling channel (HCC)Helical cooling channel (HCC)• Continuous absorber for emittance exchangeContinuous absorber for emittance exchange

• Solenoidal, transverse helical dipole and quadrupole fieldsSolenoidal, transverse helical dipole and quadrupole fields• Helical dipoles known from Siberian SnakesHelical dipoles known from Siberian Snakes• z- and time-independent Hamiltonianz- and time-independent Hamiltonian• Derbenev & Johnson, Theory of HCC, April/05 PRST-ABDerbenev & Johnson, Theory of HCC, April/05 PRST-AB

http://www.muonsinc.com/reports/PRSTAB-HCCtheory.pdfhttp://www.muonsinc.com/reports/PRSTAB-HCCtheory.pdf

Muons, Inc.


6D Cooling factor ~ 50,000

G4BL (Geant4) results


Aside: why an experiment is needed

Acceptance and cooling factor very much affected by tails; MuScat data improve cooling factor relative to Geant model by more than factor of 3.


Particle Motion in Helical MagnetParticle Motion in Helical Magnet

Blue: Beam envelope

2

z

pa

p

Red: Reference orbitMagnet Center

Combined function magnet (invisible in this picture)Solenoid + Helical dipole + Helical Quadrupole

Dispersive component makes longer path length for higher momentum particles and shorter path length for lower momentum particles.

Muons, Inc.

Opposing radial forces;

;

h dipole z

solenoid z z

F p B b B

F p B B B

Transforming to the frame of the rotating helical dipole leads to a time and z –independent Hamiltonian


Some Important Relationships

2

2

11

3ck

qk

21ck B p

2

2

1ˆ 2p da

Da dp

0q

2 2 2

3 2 2

1 1 1ˆ1

dD

d

2

2ˆ

1D

2

1

transition

2 21 1( )p a B b

k

2k ka Hamiltonian Solution

Equal cooling decrements

Longitudinal cooling only

Momentum slip factor

~

Muons, Inc.


Precooler + HCCsWith first engineering constraints

See Katsuya Yonehara!

Solenoid + High Pressurized RF

PrecoolerSeries of HCCs

•The acceptance is sufficiently big.•Transverse emittance can be smaller than longitudinal emittance.•Emittance grows in the longitudinal direction.

Muons, Inc.


Incorporate RF cavity in helical solenoid coil

parameters Bz bd bq bs f

Inner d of coil Maximum b E rf phase

unit m T T T/m T/m2 GHz cm Snake | Slinky MV/m degree

1st HCC 1.6 1.0 -4.3 1.0 -0.2 0.5 0.4 50.0 12.0 | 6.0 16.0 140.0

2nd HCC 1.0 1.0 -6.8 1.5 -0.3 1.4 0.8 25.0 17.0 | 8.0 16.0 140.0

3rd HCC 0.5 1.0 -13.6 3.1 -0.6 3.8 1.6 12.5 34.0 | 17.0 16.0 140.0

•Use a pillbox cavity (but no window this time). •RF frequency is determined by the size of helical solenoid coil.Diameter of 400 MHz cavity = 50 cmDiameter of 800 MHz cavity = 25 cmDiameter of 1600 MHz cavity = 12.5 cm

Dia

mete

r of

RF

cavi

ty

•The pressure of gaseous hydrogen is 200 atm to adjust the RF field gradient to be a practical value.The field gradient can be increased if the breakdown would be well suppressed by the high pressurized hydrogen gas.

Muons, Inc.


Parametric-resonance Ionization Cooling Parametric-resonance Ionization Cooling

x

Excite ½ integer parametric resonance (in Linac or ring)Excite ½ integer parametric resonance (in Linac or ring) Like vertical rigid pendulum or ½-integer extractionLike vertical rigid pendulum or ½-integer extraction Elliptical phase space motion becomes hyperbolicElliptical phase space motion becomes hyperbolic Use xx’=const to reduce x, increase x’ Use xx’=const to reduce x, increase x’ Use IC to reduce x’Use IC to reduce x’

Detuning issues being addressed (chromatic and spherical Detuning issues being addressed (chromatic and spherical aberrations, space-charge tune spread). Simulations aberrations, space-charge tune spread). Simulations underway. underway.

Smaller beams from 6D HCC cooling essential for this to work!Smaller beams from 6D HCC cooling essential for this to work!

X’

X

X’

X

Muons, Inc.


Reverse Emittance Exchange, Coalescing Reverse Emittance Exchange, Coalescing p(cooling)=100MeV/c, p(colliding)=2.5 TeV/c => room in p(cooling)=100MeV/c, p(colliding)=2.5 TeV/c => room in ΔΔp/p spacep/p space Shrink the transverse dimensions of a muon beam to increase the luminosity of Shrink the transverse dimensions of a muon beam to increase the luminosity of

a muon collider using wedge absorbersa muon collider using wedge absorbers Allow bunch length to increase to size of low betaAllow bunch length to increase to size of low beta Low energy space charge, beam loading, wake fields problems avoidedLow energy space charge, beam loading, wake fields problems avoided 20 GeV Bunch coalescing in a ring Neutrino factory and muon collider now have 20 GeV Bunch coalescing in a ring Neutrino factory and muon collider now have

a common patha common path

EvacuatedDipole

Wedge Abs

Incident Muon Beam

p

t

Concept of Reverse Emittance Exch. 1.3 GHz Bunch Coalescing at 20 GeV

RF

Drift

Cooled at 100 MeV/c

RF at 20 GeV

Coalesced in 20 GeV ring

Muons, Inc.


Muon Collider Emittances and LuminositiesMuon Collider Emittances and Luminosities After:After:

• Precooling Precooling • Basic HCC 6DBasic HCC 6D• Parametric-resonance ICParametric-resonance IC• Reverse Emittance ExchangeReverse Emittance Exchange

εεNN tr tr ε εNN long. long.

20,00020,000 µmµm 10,000 10,000 µmµm

200 200 µmµm 100 100 µmµm

25 25 µmµm 100 100 µmµm

22 µmµm 2 cm 2 cm

3z mm 4/ 3 10

At 2.5 TeV on 2.5 TeV

35 210*

10 /peak

N nL f cm s

r

42.5 10

0 50f kHz

0.06 * 0.5cm

20 Hz Operation:

10n

111 10N

9 13 19(26 10 )(6.6 10 )(1.6 10 ) 0.3Power MW

34 24.3 10 /L cm s 0.3 / p

50 2500 /ms turns

Muons, Inc.

(Vladimir Shiltsev showed 1.5 TeV COM case). Many things get easier as E increases!


Yonehara HCC Yonehara HCC Fernow-Neuffer PlotFernow-Neuffer Plot

Initial point

Muons, Inc.

PIC

REMEX +coalescing HCC

Cooling required for 5 TeV COM, 1035 Luminosity Collider. Need to also look at losses from muon decay to get power on target. Higher magnetic fields from HTS can get required HCC performance.


new ideas under development:new ideas under development:

HH22-Pressurized RF Cavities-Pressurized RF CavitiesContinuous Absorber for Emittance ExchangeContinuous Absorber for Emittance ExchangeHelical Cooling ChannelHelical Cooling ChannelParametric-resonance Ionization CoolingParametric-resonance Ionization CoolingReverse Emittance ExchangeReverse Emittance ExchangeRF capture, phase rotation, cooling in HP RF CavitiesRF capture, phase rotation, cooling in HP RF CavitiesBunch coalescingBunch coalescingVery High Field Solenoidal magnets for better coolingVery High Field Solenoidal magnets for better coolingZ-dependent HCC Z-dependent HCC MANX 6d Cooling DemoMANX 6d Cooling Demo

Besides these SBIR-STTR supported projects, note that Bob Palmer, Rick Besides these SBIR-STTR supported projects, note that Bob Palmer, Rick Fernow, and Steve Kahn have another path to low emittance.Fernow, and Steve Kahn have another path to low emittance.

Muons, Inc.


Relationships revisited for z and p-dependent HCC

2

2

11

3ck

qk

21ck B p

2

2

1ˆ 2p da

Da dp

0q

2 2 2

3 2 2

1 1 1ˆ1

dD

d

2

2ˆ

1D

2

1

transition

2 21 1( )p a B b

k

2k ka Hamiltonian Solution

Equal cooling decrements

Longitudinal cooling only

Momentum slip factor

~

As long as this stability condition is satisfied, the average beam momentum can be changed and the theory still applies.

Muons, Inc.


Z-dependent HCCZ-dependent HCCCan modify field parameters to maintain stability for cases where one would like the Can modify field parameters to maintain stability for cases where one would like the

momentum and/or radius of the equilibrium orbit to change for various purposes. momentum and/or radius of the equilibrium orbit to change for various purposes. Examples include:Examples include:

1) 1) precoolerprecooler to cool a muon beam as it decelerates by energy loss in a continuous, to cool a muon beam as it decelerates by energy loss in a continuous, homogeneous absorber, where the cooling can be all transverse, all longitudinal, or any homogeneous absorber, where the cooling can be all transverse, all longitudinal, or any combination; combination;

2) device similar to a precooler, but used as a full 6-dimensional muon cooling demonstration 2) device similar to a precooler, but used as a full 6-dimensional muon cooling demonstration experiment (experiment (MANXMANX); );

3) 3) transition sectiontransition section between two HCC sections with different diameters. For example, this between two HCC sections with different diameters. For example, this can be used when the RF frequency can be increased once the beam is sufficiently cold can be used when the RF frequency can be increased once the beam is sufficiently cold to allow smaller and more effective cavities and magnetic coils; and to allow smaller and more effective cavities and magnetic coils; and

4) 4) alternative alternative HCCHCC to original filled with pressurized RF cavities. In this alternate case, the to original filled with pressurized RF cavities. In this alternate case, the muons would lose a few hundred MeV/c in a HCC section with momentum dependent muons would lose a few hundred MeV/c in a HCC section with momentum dependent fields and then pass through RF cavities to replenish the lost energy, where this fields and then pass through RF cavities to replenish the lost energy, where this sequence could be repeated several times.sequence could be repeated several times.

5) means to increase the rate of stopping muons for rare muon decay searches (5) means to increase the rate of stopping muons for rare muon decay searches (mu2emu2e). ). 6) muon 6) muon decay channeldecay channel. The HCC is the equivalent of a synchrotron in that it has an effective . The HCC is the equivalent of a synchrotron in that it has an effective

gamma-t such that a momentum slip factor is one of its characteristics. Allows muons to gamma-t such that a momentum slip factor is one of its characteristics. Allows muons to be coalesced into a single bunch for a muon collider.be coalesced into a single bunch for a muon collider.

Muons, Inc.


HCC Vacuum Decay Channel

HCC LH2 Precooler

Muons, Inc.


Updated Letter of Intent to Propose Updated Letter of Intent to Propose

MANX, A 6D MUON BEAM COOLING EXPERIMENTMANX, A 6D MUON BEAM COOLING EXPERIMENT Robert Abrams1, Mohammad Alsharo’a1, Charles Ankenbrandt2, Emanuela Barzi2, Kevin Beard3, Alex Bogacz3, Daniel Broemmelsiek2, Alan Bross2, Yu-Chiu Chao3,

Mary Anne Cummings1, Yaroslav Derbenev3, Henry Frisch4, Stephen Geer2, Ivan Gonin2, Gail Hanson5, Martin Hu2, Andreas Jansson2, Rolland Johnson1,

Stephen Kahn1, Daniel Kaplan6, Vladimir Kashikhin2, Sergey Korenev1, Moyses Kuchnir1, Mike Lamm2, Valeri Lebedev2, David Neuffer2, David Newsham1,

Milorad Popovic2, Robert Rimmer3, Thomas Roberts1, Richard Sah1, Vladimir Shiltsev2, Linda Spentzouris6, Alvin Tollestrup2, Daniele Turrioni2, Victor Yarba2,

Katsuya Yonehara2, Cary Yoshikawa2, Alexander Zlobin2

1Muons, Inc.2Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

3Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility4University of Chicago

5University of California at Riverside6Illinois Institute of Technology

Contact, [email protected], (757) 870-6943 Contact, [email protected], (630) 840-2824

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]


MANX partsMuons, Inc.

Features: Z-dependent HCC (fields diminish as muons slow in LHe)

Normalized emittance to characterize cooling

No RF for simplicity (at least in first stage)

LHe instead of LH2 for safety concerns

Use ~300 MeV/c muon beam

Present Efforts: Designing/building 3 or 4-coil helical solenoid prototype Simulating the experiment with G4MANX with scifi Improving the matching sections

See Andreas Jansson for work in progress


MANX Draft LoI MANX Draft LoI Table of ContentsTable of Contents

SynopsisSynopsis Overview and HistoryOverview and History Muon Collider Muon Collider (Eliana Gianfelice-Wendt)(Eliana Gianfelice-Wendt) Experimental GoalsExperimental Goals

• Simulation VerificationSimulation Verification• Emittance Exchange in a Continuous, Homogeneous AbsorberEmittance Exchange in a Continuous, Homogeneous Absorber

High Pressure RF and the Continuous Absorber Concept High Pressure RF and the Continuous Absorber Concept (Mahzad BastaniNejad)(Mahzad BastaniNejad)• Helical Cooling ChannelHelical Cooling Channel

Recent HCC Simulations with Engineering Contraints Recent HCC Simulations with Engineering Contraints (Katsuya Yonehara)(Katsuya Yonehara)• Momentum-dependent HCCMomentum-dependent HCC

HCC Precooling ExamplesHCC Precooling Examples Stopping Muons BeamsStopping Muons Beams

• Helical Solenoid Magnet Technology Helical Solenoid Magnet Technology (Mike Lamm)(Mike Lamm) Emittance Matching to the Helical SolenoidEmittance Matching to the Helical Solenoid

MANX StatusMANX Status• Experimental ConceptExperimental Concept• Simulations Simulations (Katsuya Yonehara)(Katsuya Yonehara)

G4BeamlineG4Beamline G4MANXG4MANX

• HCC Magnet DevelopmentHCC Magnet Development (Mike Lamm)(Mike Lamm) 4-Coil test for the MANX HCC.4-Coil test for the MANX HCC.

• Location, LocationLocation, Location (Andreas Jansson)(Andreas Jansson) Beamline PossibilitiesBeamline Possibilities

• Detector DevelopmentDetector Development 5 ps Time of Flight5 ps Time of Flight SciFi in LHeSciFi in LHe SiPMSiPM

Collaboration and GovernanceCollaboration and Governance ConclusionsConclusions

Rol - 8/8/2007 AAC MANX Intro 1 Introduction: Low Emittance Muon Collider, New 6D Cooling Ideas, and...

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