Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 1 Low Emittance Muon Collider Development Rolland P....

Rol - Dec. 9, 2008Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLabMC Design Workshop JLab 11

Low Emittance Muon Collider Development

Rolland P. JohnsonMuons, Inc. (http://www.muonsinc.com/)

Muons, Inc. is committed to discovering new concepts and developing them and other older concepts, especially with new technology, for bright muon beams, neutrino factories, and muon colliders

Recent progress was reported at EPAC08 (Genoa) in 21 papers and LINAC08 (Victoria) in 4 papers.

Immanent progress is promised in ~35 abstracts submitted to PAC09 (Vancouver).

http://www.muonsinc.com/

Muons, Inc.


Muons, Inc. Scenario for:Muons, Inc. Scenario for:High-Energy High-Luminosity High-Energy High-Luminosity

Muon CollidersMuon Colliders precision lepton machines at the energy frontierprecision lepton machines at the energy frontier achieved in physics-motivated stages that require achieved in physics-motivated stages that require

developing inventions and technology, e.g.developing inventions and technology, e.g.• intense proton driver (CW Linac, H- Source, Laser Stripping) intense proton driver (CW Linac, H- Source, Laser Stripping) • stopping muon beams (HCC, EEX w Homogeneous absorber)stopping muon beams (HCC, EEX w Homogeneous absorber)• neutrino factory (HCC with HPRF, RLA in CW Proj-X)neutrino factory (HCC with HPRF, RLA in CW Proj-X)• Z’ factory (low Luminosity collider, HE RLA)Z’ factory (low Luminosity collider, HE RLA)• Higgs factory (extreme cooling, low beta, super-detectors)Higgs factory (extreme cooling, low beta, super-detectors)• Energy-frontier muon collider (more cooling, lower beta)Energy-frontier muon collider (more cooling, lower beta)

Muons, Inc.


New Proposals for 2009 New Proposals for 2009 Jlab BES 01b High Power Co-Axial SRF CouplerJlab BES 01b High Power Co-Axial SRF Coupler SNS 03b HSNS 03b H-- Ion Sources for High Intensity Proton Drivers Ion Sources for High Intensity Proton Drivers JLab 03a Improved DC Gun InsulatorJLab 03a Improved DC Gun Insulator SNS 04d Laser Stripping for HSNS 04d Laser Stripping for H-- Injection Injection Cornell 04b Beam Pipe HOM absorber for 750 MHzCornell 04b Beam Pipe HOM absorber for 750 MHz NIU HEP 35a Low Beta Region Muon Collider Detector DesignNIU HEP 35a Low Beta Region Muon Collider Detector Design UC 35a Picosecond Timing CountersUC 35a Picosecond Timing Counters NIU 35a Advances in Multi-Pixel Photon Counter TechnologyNIU 35a Advances in Multi-Pixel Photon Counter Technology FSU 36d HTS development for 30-50 T final muon cooling solenoidsFSU 36d HTS development for 30-50 T final muon cooling solenoids JLab 38b Epicyclic channels for PICJLab 38b Epicyclic channels for PIC JLab 38b Achromatic Low Beta for CollidersJLab 38b Achromatic Low Beta for Colliders FNAL 38b Novel Muon Collection SchemeFNAL 38b Novel Muon Collection Scheme BNL 38g Simulation Tools for the Muon Collider Feasibility StudyBNL 38g Simulation Tools for the Muon Collider Feasibility Study IIT 39a Gridded-Wire Windows for High Pressure RF CavitiesIIT 39a Gridded-Wire Windows for High Pressure RF Cavities FNAL NP 46a Dielectric Loaded RF CavitiesFNAL NP 46a Dielectric Loaded RF Cavities FNAL 46a Phase and frequency locked magnetrons for SRF SourcesFNAL 46a Phase and frequency locked magnetrons for SRF Sources FNAL 46a Compact, Tunable RF CavitiesFNAL 46a Compact, Tunable RF Cavities IIT 46d Particle RefrigeratorIIT 46d Particle Refrigerator FSU FES 55c Fiber Optics for Fusion ApplicationsFSU FES 55c Fiber Optics for Fusion Applications

Muons, Inc.

Rol - Dec. 9, 2008Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLabMC Design Workshop JLab44

Abstracts for PAC09Abstracts for PAC09 ________________from 2009 Phase I Proposals_______________________from 2009 Phase I Proposals_______ Neubauer JLab High Power Co-Axial SRF CouplerNeubauer JLab High Power Co-Axial SRF Coupler Dudnikov SNS HDudnikov SNS H-- Ion Sources for High Intensity Proton Drivers Ion Sources for High Intensity Proton Drivers Sah JLab Improved DC Gun InsolatorSah JLab Improved DC Gun Insolator Beard SNS Laser Stripping for HBeard SNS Laser Stripping for H-- Injection Injection Neubauer Cornell Beam Pipe HOM absorber for 750 MHzNeubauer Cornell Beam Pipe HOM absorber for 750 MHz Cummings NIU Low Beta Region Muon Collider Detector DesignCummings NIU Low Beta Region Muon Collider Detector Design Abrams UC Picosecond Timing CountersAbrams UC Picosecond Timing Counters Abrams NIU Advances in Multi-Pixel Photon Counter TechnologyAbrams NIU Advances in Multi-Pixel Photon Counter Technology Kahn FSU HTS development for 30-50 T final muon cooling solenoidsKahn FSU HTS development for 30-50 T final muon cooling solenoids Afanasev JLab Epicyclic channels for PICAfanasev JLab Epicyclic channels for PIC Derbenev JLab Achromatic Low Beta for CollidersDerbenev JLab Achromatic Low Beta for Colliders Yoshikawa FNAL Novel Muon Collection SchemeYoshikawa FNAL Novel Muon Collection Scheme Yoshikawa FNAL Neutrino Factory/Muon Collider Front End StudyYoshikawa FNAL Neutrino Factory/Muon Collider Front End Study Roberts BNL Simulation Tools for the Muon Collider Feasibility StudyRoberts BNL Simulation Tools for the Muon Collider Feasibility Study Alsharo’a IIT Gridded-Wire Windows for High Pressure RF CavitiesAlsharo’a IIT Gridded-Wire Windows for High Pressure RF Cavities Popovic FNAL Dielectric Loaded RF CavitiesPopovic FNAL Dielectric Loaded RF Cavities Popovic FNAL Phase and frequency locked magnetrons for SRF SourcesPopovic FNAL Phase and frequency locked magnetrons for SRF Sources Johnson FNAL Compact, Tunable RF CavitiesJohnson FNAL Compact, Tunable RF Cavities Roberts IIT Particle RefrigeratorRoberts IIT Particle Refrigerator Schwartz FSU Fiber Optics for Fusion ApplicationsSchwartz FSU Fiber Optics for Fusion Applications _______________from 2008 Phase I Projects________________________________from 2008 Phase I Projects_________________ Turenne FSU Multi-purpose Fiber Optic Sensors for HTS MagnetsTurenne FSU Multi-purpose Fiber Optic Sensors for HTS Magnets Neubauer JLab Rugged Ceramic Window for RF ApplicationsNeubauer JLab Rugged Ceramic Window for RF Applications Yonehara FNAL Hydrogen-filled RF Cavities for Muon Beam CoolingYonehara FNAL Hydrogen-filled RF Cavities for Muon Beam Cooling Wang Pulsed-Focusing Recirculating Linacs for Muon AccelerationWang Pulsed-Focusing Recirculating Linacs for Muon Acceleration BastaniNejad LBNL RF Breakdown Studies using Pressurized CavitiesBastaniNejad LBNL RF Breakdown Studies using Pressurized Cavities _______________from Phase II Projects____________________________________from Phase II Projects_____________________ Ankenbrandt FNAL Stopping Muon BeamsAnkenbrandt FNAL Stopping Muon Beams Zlobin FNAL Magnets for Muon 6D Helical Cooling ChannelsZlobin FNAL Magnets for Muon 6D Helical Cooling Channels Lamm FNAL Development and Demonstration of 6-D Muon Beam CoolingLamm FNAL Development and Demonstration of 6-D Muon Beam Cooling Kahn FNAL Integrating the MANX Cooling Experiment into the MICE SpectrometersKahn FNAL Integrating the MANX Cooling Experiment into the MICE Spectrometers Ahmed IIT Particle Tracking in Matter-Dominated Beam LinesAhmed IIT Particle Tracking in Matter-Dominated Beam Lines Neuffer FNAL Muon Capture, Phase Rotation, and Precooling in HPRF CavitiesNeuffer FNAL Muon Capture, Phase Rotation, and Precooling in HPRF Cavities Ivanov JLab Reverse Emittance Exchange for Muon CollidersIvanov JLab Reverse Emittance Exchange for Muon Colliders _______________from DOE Next Year__________________________________________from DOE Next Year___________________________ Yonehara FNALTraveling Wave RF systemYonehara FNALTraveling Wave RF system Trbojevic JLab Multipass Arc Design for Muon AccelerationTrbojevic JLab Multipass Arc Design for Muon Acceleration Ankebrandt JLab RF-Induced Emittance ExchangeAnkebrandt JLab RF-Induced Emittance Exchange

Muons, Inc.

HCC is Essential for LEMCHCC is Essential for LEMC (solenoid + helical dipole + helical quad) (solenoid + helical dipole + helical quad)

Basic beliefs:Basic beliefs: Muon beams have enormous emittances Muon beams have enormous emittances

• even after a factor of10even after a factor of1066 6D cooling, 6D cooling,

transverse emittances still are ~1000 mm-mrtransverse emittances still are ~1000 mm-mr Resonance driving terms depend on powers of emittanceResonance driving terms depend on powers of emittance Field errors in cooling lattices, random and structural from Field errors in cooling lattices, random and structural from

lumped elements, will cause resonant losseslumped elements, will cause resonant losses Field homogeneity is essential in the cooling channelField homogeneity is essential in the cooling channel HCC is most homogeneous cooling channelHCC is most homogeneous cooling channel


Muons, Inc.


Muons, Inc. Project HistoryMuons, Inc. Project History YearYear Project Expected Funds Research Partner Project Expected Funds Research Partner 20022002 Company founded Company founded 2002-52002-5 High Pressure RF CavityHigh Pressure RF Cavity $600,000 $600,000 IIT (Dan K.)IIT (Dan K.) 2003-72003-7 Helical Cooling ChannelHelical Cooling Channel $850,000$850,000 Jlab (Slava D.)Jlab (Slava D.) 2004-52004-5†† MANX demo experimentMANX demo experiment $ 95,000$ 95,000 FNAL TD (Victor Y.)FNAL TD (Victor Y.) 2004-7 2004-7 Phase Ionization CoolingPhase Ionization Cooling $745,000$745,000 Jlab (Slava D.)Jlab (Slava D.) 2004-72004-7 HTS MagnetsHTS Magnets $795,000$795,000 FNAL TD (Victor Y.)FNAL TD (Victor Y.) 2005-92005-9 Reverse Emittance Exch.Reverse Emittance Exch. $850,000$850,000 Jlab (Slava D.)Jlab (Slava D.) 2005-92005-9 Capture, ph. rotationCapture, ph. rotation $850,000$850,000 FNAL AD (Dave N.)FNAL AD (Dave N.) 2006-9 2006-9 G4BL Sim. ProgramG4BL Sim. Program $850,000 $850,000 IIT (Dan K.)IIT (Dan K.) 2006-92006-9 MANX 6D Cooling Demo MANX 6D Cooling Demo $850,000$850,000 FNAL TD (M. Lamm)FNAL TD (M. Lamm) 2007-102007-10 Stopping Muon BeamsStopping Muon Beams $750,000$750,000 FNAL APC (Chuck A.)FNAL APC (Chuck A.) 2007-102007-10 HCC MagnetsHCC Magnets $750,000$750,000 FNAL TD (Sasha Z.)FNAL TD (Sasha Z.) 2007-82007-8† † Compact, Tunable RFCompact, Tunable RF $100,000$100,000 FNAL AD (Milorad)FNAL AD (Milorad) 2008-92008-9 Pulsed Quad RLAsPulsed Quad RLAs $100,000$100,000 Jlab (Alex B.)Jlab (Alex B.) 2008-92008-9 Fiber Optics for HTSFiber Optics for HTS $100,000$100,000 FSU (Justin S.)FSU (Justin S.) 2008-92008-9 RF Breakdown StudiesRF Breakdown Studies $100,000$100,000 LBNL (Derun L.)LBNL (Derun L.) 2008-92008-9 Rugged RF WindowsRugged RF Windows $100,000$100,000 Jlab (Bob Jlab (Bob

Rimmer)Rimmer) 2008-92008-9 H2-filled RF CavitiesH2-filled RF Cavities $100,000$100,000 FNAL APC (Katsuya,)FNAL APC (Katsuya,) 20092009 Illinois matching Illinois matching $150,000$150,000 DCEO (Hedin)DCEO (Hedin)

Underlined Underlined are explicitly related to HCC , others support related RF and magnet R&D. are explicitly related to HCC , others support related RF and magnet R&D.

Muons, Inc.

DRAFT Proposal out todayDRAFT Proposal out today

MANX following MICE at RALMANX following MICE at RALThe The MMuon Collider uon Collider aand nd NNeutrino Factory Ionization Cooling Eeutrino Factory Ionization Cooling Exxperiment (MANX) is periment (MANX) is

proposed to test the theory, an example useful for stopping muon beams, and proposed to test the theory, an example useful for stopping muon beams, and simulations of the Helical Cooling Channel (HCC) by constructing a helical solenoid (HS) simulations of the Helical Cooling Channel (HCC) by constructing a helical solenoid (HS) magnet and installing it at the Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory (RAL) as part of the magnet and installing it at the Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory (RAL) as part of the international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE).international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE).

Because of its potential importance to Fermilab for muon cooling applications, Because of its potential importance to Fermilab for muon cooling applications, including muon colliders, neutrino factories, and stopping muon beams, it is proposed including muon colliders, neutrino factories, and stopping muon beams, it is proposed that MANX be organized as a joint Fermilab-RAL project, where Fermilab is responsible that MANX be organized as a joint Fermilab-RAL project, where Fermilab is responsible for the magnet and detector upgrades and RAL provides the MICE beam line, where for the magnet and detector upgrades and RAL provides the MICE beam line, where much of the MICE apparatus can be reused. much of the MICE apparatus can be reused.

MANX will test the HCC concept in its momentum-dependent incarnation, where a MANX will test the HCC concept in its momentum-dependent incarnation, where a muon beam will lose about half of its energy in a continuous absorber, the HS field muon beam will lose about half of its energy in a continuous absorber, the HS field strength will scale with the muon momentum, and no RF energy replacement is required. strength will scale with the muon momentum, and no RF energy replacement is required. This approach has advantages in that the experiment will be less expensive and more This approach has advantages in that the experiment will be less expensive and more timely for not needing about 150 MeV of RF and in that there is a proposed upgrade to timely for not needing about 150 MeV of RF and in that there is a proposed upgrade to the mu2e experiment for the Project-X era that could use the same HS magnet.the mu2e experiment for the Project-X era that could use the same HS magnet.

The momentum-independent incarnation of the HCC, where RF is used to keep the The momentum-independent incarnation of the HCC, where RF is used to keep the momentum nearly constant, is not tested directly in this version of MANX. However, the momentum nearly constant, is not tested directly in this version of MANX. However, the theory of the HCC, the technology of the HS, and simulations that involve 150 MeV of theory of the HCC, the technology of the HS, and simulations that involve 150 MeV of absorber will be tested to give confidence that the effectiveness of new muon cooling absorber will be tested to give confidence that the effectiveness of new muon cooling techniques, especially for collider use, can be accurately predicted. MANX is an techniques, especially for collider use, can be accurately predicted. MANX is an appropriate $10M intermediate step toward a $100M useful muon cooling channel.appropriate $10M intermediate step toward a $100M useful muon cooling channel.


Muons, Inc.

Key MANX featuresKey MANX features Will Test:Will Test:

• Theory of Helical Cooling Channel (HCC)Theory of Helical Cooling Channel (HCC) p-dependent HCC with continuous absorberp-dependent HCC with continuous absorber modify currents to change cooling decrements, modify currents to change cooling decrements,

• Helical Solenoid Magnet (HS)Helical Solenoid Magnet (HS)• Simulation programs (G4BL, ICOOL)Simulation programs (G4BL, ICOOL)

Minimizes costs and timeMinimizes costs and time• no RF, uses normalized emittance, ~5 m LHe E absorberno RF, uses normalized emittance, ~5 m LHe E absorber• RF is developed in parallel with new conceptsRF is developed in parallel with new concepts• builds on MICE, adds 6-d capability, ~ps detectorsbuilds on MICE, adds 6-d capability, ~ps detectors

Synergies in funding for uses w/o RF:Synergies in funding for uses w/o RF:• HS for stopping muons, especially mu2e upgradeHS for stopping muons, especially mu2e upgrade• Isochronous pion decay channelIsochronous pion decay channel• Precooler Precooler


t

Muons, Inc.

Test of Ionization Cooling with Test of Ionization Cooling with Emittance ExchangeEmittance Exchange


Muons, Inc.

Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 10

z

RFp

inp

cool out RFp p p

absp

inp

a

Absorber Plate

• Each particle loses momentum by ionizing a low-Z absorber

• Only the longitudinal momentum is restored by RF cavities

• The angular divergence is reduced until limited by multiple scattering

• Successive applications of this principle with clever variations leads to small emittances for many applications

• Early work: Budker, Ado & Balbekov, Skrinsky & Parkhomchuk, Neuffer

Principle of Ionization CoolingMuons, Inc.


Transverse Emittance ICTransverse Emittance IC The equation describing the rate of cooling is a balance The equation describing the rate of cooling is a balance

between cooling (first term) and heating (second term):between cooling (first term) and heating (second term):

Here Here nn is the normalized emittance, Eis the normalized emittance, Eµµ is theis the muon energy muon energy

in GeV, dEin GeV, dEµµ/ds and X/ds and X00 are the energy loss and radiation are the energy loss and radiation

length of the absorber medium, length of the absorber medium, is the transverse beta-is the transverse beta-

function of the magnetic channel, and function of the magnetic channel, and is the particle is the particle velocity. velocity.

2

2 30

(0.014)1 1

2n n

dEd

ds ds E E m X

Muons, Inc.

Bethe-Bloch Moliere (with low Z mods)


Ionization Cooling is only transverse. To get 6D cooling, emittance exchange between transverse and longitudinal coordinates is needed.

THIS RH CONCEPTUAL PICTURE BE REALIZED? A MANX GOAL!

Wedges or Continuous Energy Absorber Wedges or Continuous Energy Absorber for Emittance Exchange and 6d Coolingfor Emittance Exchange and 6d Cooling

Muons, Inc.

Helical Cooling ChannelHelical Cooling Channel First simulations showed factor of ~150,000 reduction in First simulations showed factor of ~150,000 reduction in

6d emittance in less than 100 m of HCC.6d emittance in less than 100 m of HCC. ~40,000 microns normalized transverse acceptance~40,000 microns normalized transverse acceptance Used 200 MHz H2-pressurized cavities inside magnet Used 200 MHz H2-pressurized cavities inside magnet

coils. (absorber and RF occupy same space)coils. (absorber and RF occupy same space) Engineering Implementation requires creativityEngineering Implementation requires creativity

• Coils outside of such large RF Cavities are difficult. Solutions?Coils outside of such large RF Cavities are difficult. Solutions? bigger coils: Helical Solenoid with/without correction coilsbigger coils: Helical Solenoid with/without correction coils smaller cavities: 1) dielectric-loaded or 2) traveling wave solutionssmaller cavities: 1) dielectric-loaded or 2) traveling wave solutions smaller pitch angle (weaker helical dipole) eases field at conductorsmaller pitch angle (weaker helical dipole) eases field at conductor

• H2-Pressurized RF cavities are undeveloped/unproven H2-Pressurized RF cavities are undeveloped/unproven Max RF gradient shown to be insensitive to external B field.Max RF gradient shown to be insensitive to external B field. MTA proton beam tests soon. (SF6 dopant calcs/tests encouraging) MTA proton beam tests soon. (SF6 dopant calcs/tests encouraging)


Muons, Inc.


6-Dimensional Cooling in a Continuous Absorber 6-Dimensional Cooling in a Continuous Absorber

Helical cooling channel (HCC)Helical cooling channel (HCC)• Continuous absorber for emittance exchangeContinuous absorber for emittance exchange

• Solenoidal, transverse helical dipole and quadrupole fieldsSolenoidal, transverse helical dipole and quadrupole fields• Helical dipoles known from Siberian SnakesHelical dipoles known from Siberian Snakes• z- and time-independent Hamiltonianz- and time-independent Hamiltonian• Derbenev & Johnson, Derbenev & Johnson, Theory of HCCTheory of HCC, April/05 PRST-AB, April/05 PRST-AB

http://www.muonsinc.com/reports/PRSTAB-HCCtheory.pdfhttp://www.muonsinc.com/reports/PRSTAB-HCCtheory.pdf

Muons, Inc.


Particle Motion in an HCC MagnetParticle Motion in an HCC Magnet

Blue: Beam envelope

2

z

pa

p

Red: Reference orbit

Magnet Center

Combined function magnet (invisible in this picture)Solenoid + Helical dipole + Helical Quadrupole

Dispersive component makes longer path length for higher momentum particles and shorter path length for lower momentum particles.

Muons, Inc.

Opposing radial forces;

;

h dipole z

solenoid z z

F p B b B

F p B B B

Transforming to the frame of the rotating helical dipole leads to a time and z –independent Hamiltonian

b' added for stability and acceptance

Some Important Relationships


2

2

11

3ck

qk

21ck B p

2

2

1ˆ 2p da

Da dp

0q

2 2 2

3 2 2

1 1 1ˆ1

dD

d

2

2ˆ

1D

2

1

transition

2 21 1( )p a B b

k

2k ka Hamiltonian Solution

Equal cooling decrements

Longitudinal cooling only

~Momentum slip factor

~

Muons, Inc.

Test of Simulation ProgramsTest of Simulation Programs


Muons, Inc.

Precooler + HCCsPrecooler + HCCsWith first engineering constraintsWith first engineering constraints


Solenoid + High Pressurized RF

PrecoolerSeries of HCCs

•The acceptance is sufficiently big.•Transverse emittance can be smaller than longitudinal emittance.•Emittance grows in the longitudinal direction.

Muons, Inc.


Engineering HCC with RF

parameterparameterss BzBz bdbd bqbq bsbs ff

Inner d of Inner d of coilcoil

ExpectedExpectedMaximum bMaximum b EE

RF RF phasephase

unitunit mm TT TT T/mT/m T/m2T/m2 GHzGHz cmcm TT MV/mMV/m degreedegree

1st HCC1st HCC 1.61.6 1.01.0 -4.3-4.3 1.01.0 -0.2-0.2 0.50.5 0.40.4 50.050.0 6.06.0 16.416.4 140.0140.0

2nd HCC2nd HCC 1.01.0 1.01.0 -6.8-6.8 1.51.5 -0.3-0.3 1.41.4 0.80.8 30.030.0 8.08.0 16.416.4 140.0140.0

3rd HCC3rd HCC 0.50.5 1.01.0 -13.6-13.6 3.13.1 -0.6-0.6 3.83.8 1.61.6 15.015.0 17.017.0 16.416.4 140.0140.0

•Use a pillbox cavity (but no window this time). •RF frequency is determined by the size of helical solenoid coil.Diameter of 400 MHz cavity = 50 cmDiameter of 800 MHz cavity = 25 cmDiameter of 1600 MHz cavity = 12.5 cm•The pressure of gaseous hydrogen is 200 atm at room temp to adjust the RF field gradient to be a practical value.The field gradient can be increased if the breakdown would be well suppressed by the high pressurized hydrogen gas.

Incorporating RF cavities in Helical Cooling Channels

Helical solenoid coilRF cavity

RF Window

GH2

RF is completely inside the coil.

Test of Helical Solenoid Test of Helical Solenoid


Muons, Inc.


Helical Cooling Channel Helical Cooling Channel

Continuous, homogeneous energy absorber for longitudinal coolingContinuous, homogeneous energy absorber for longitudinal coolingHelical Dipole magnet component for dispersion Helical Dipole magnet component for dispersion Solenoidal component for focusingSolenoidal component for focusingHelical Quadrupole for stability and increased acceptanceHelical Quadrupole for stability and increased acceptance

BNL Helical Dipole magnet for AGS spin control

Muons, Inc.


Two Different Designs of Helical Cooling MagnetTwo Different Designs of Helical Cooling Magnet

•Siberian snake type magnet•Consists of 4 layers of helix dipole to produce tapered helical dipole fields.•Coil diameter is 1.0 m.•Maximum field is more than 10 T.

•Helical solenoid coil magnet•Consists of 73 single coils (no tilt).•Maximum field is 5 T •Coil diameter is 0.5 m.

Large bore channel(conventional)

Small bore channel(helical solenoid)

Great new innovation!

Muons, Inc.


HS for Cooling Demonstration ExperimentHS for Cooling Demonstration Experiment

Status: conceptual design complete

• solenoid • matching sectionsNext: engineering

design• mechanical structure

• field quality, construction tolerances

• cryostat• powering and quench

protection

Goals: cooling demonstration, HS technology development

Features: SSC NbTi cable, Bmax~6 T, coil ID ~0.5m, length ~10m

V. Kashikhin, A. Zlobin, M. Lamm, S. Kahn, M. Lopes

Muons, Inc.


Overview of original MANXOverview of original MANX•Use Liquid He absorber•No RF cavity•L of cooling channel: 3.2 m•L of matching section: 2.4 m•Helical pitch : 1.0•Helical orbit radius: 25 cm•Helical period: 1.6 m•Transverse cooling: ~1.3•Longitudinal cooling: ~1.3•6D cooling: ~2

Muons, Inc.


Matching + Helical Cooling MagnetsMatching + Helical Cooling Magnets

• Helix period = 1.2 m• Number of coils per period = 20• Coil length = 0.05 m• Gap between coils = 0.01 m• Current = 430.0 A/mm2

Increase gap between coils from 10 to 40 mmHCC

DownstreamMatching

UpstreamMatching

Design HCC Magnet

• Gap between coils = 0.04 m• Current = 1075.0 A/mm2

Muons, Inc.


Simulation in best cooling option

•6D cooling factor ~2•Transverse/longitudinal cooling factor ~1.3

•Not perfect/Need more tuning

Muons, Inc.

What is New(est)What is New(est) Incorporating RF in HCC (new grants/proposals)Incorporating RF in HCC (new grants/proposals)

• HS Correction coils; more room, lower f (Katsuya)HS Correction coils; more room, lower f (Katsuya)• Adding Dielectric to lower f/R (Milorad)Adding Dielectric to lower f/R (Milorad)• Traveling wave solution (Lars,…)Traveling wave solution (Lars,…)• Studies of lower pitch angle (Valeri, Bob, Slava,..)Studies of lower pitch angle (Valeri, Bob, Slava,..)

HPRF development in using proton beam about to startHPRF development in using proton beam about to start• Impact of dopants on eImpact of dopants on e-- absorption (Alvin, Rose, ) absorption (Alvin, Rose, )

Engineering of magnet coilsEngineering of magnet coils• 4-coil study underway for VTS (Lamm, Kashikhin,…)4-coil study underway for VTS (Lamm, Kashikhin,…)• Unmatched HCC in MICE saves t and $ Unmatched HCC in MICE saves t and $ • New grants for HTS HS for more coolingNew grants for HTS HS for more cooling

Feb ‘09 presentation to FNAL AACFeb ‘09 presentation to FNAL AAC• support from FNAL for MANX at MICE ($5-10M magnet)support from FNAL for MANX at MICE ($5-10M magnet)

support from MICE collaboration and RAL needed!support from MICE collaboration and RAL needed!


Muons, Inc.


new ideas under development:new ideas under development: HH22-Pressurized RF Cavities-Pressurized RF CavitiesContinuous Absorber for Emittance ExchangeContinuous Absorber for Emittance ExchangeHelical Cooling ChannelHelical Cooling ChannelEpicyclic HCCEpicyclic HCC

Parametric-resonance Ionization CoolingParametric-resonance Ionization CoolingReverse Emittance ExchangeReverse Emittance Exchange

RF capture, phase rotation, cooling in HP RF CavitiesRF capture, phase rotation, cooling in HP RF CavitiesBunch coalescingBunch coalescingVery High Field Solenoid magnets for better coolingVery High Field Solenoid magnets for better coolingp-dependent HCC p-dependent HCC

precoolerprecoolerHTS for extreme transverse coolingHTS for extreme transverse coolingMANX 6d Cooling DemoMANX 6d Cooling Demoimproved mu2e designimproved mu2e design

Muons, Inc.


HCC Magnets for MANXHCC Magnets for MANXMuons, Inc.

Prototype coils for MANX have been designed and modeled. Construction of a 4-coil assembly using SSC cable is complete. Tests in the TD vertical Dewar will start soon. Since the MANX matching sections are made of coils with varying offset, they are more expensive than the cooling region. Consequently the total magnet cost can be drastically reduced if the matching sections are not needed.

Can we save t and $ by Can we save t and $ by eliminating matching sections?eliminating matching sections?


LHe or LH2 region

Matching sectionsRequires transverse

displacement of downstream spectrometer

Magnet ~$10M

Magnet < $5M

Muons, Inc.


HCC Magnets using HTSHCC Magnets using HTSMuons, Inc.

Beam cooling to reduce the size of a muon beam depends on the magnetic field strength. The Phase II proposal to develop this hybrid scheme has been approved. Here a hybrid magnet of Nb3Sn (green) and HTS (red) could provide up to 30 T in an HCC design.


MANX as a Pre-coolerMANX as a Pre-cooler

z = 0 m

z = 3 m

z = 6 m

p (MeV/c)

Distance in HCC, z(m) & Momentum

Cut

N(π─&μ─) per POT N(π─) per POT N(μ─) per POT

0 0.3302 0.0016 0.3139 (95.1%)

z = 0; p < 350 MeV/c

0.1954 0.0004 0.1949 (99.8%)

3 0.1734 0.0002 0.1733 (~100%)

6 0.0780 0.0000 0.0780 (100%)

z = 6; p < 75 MeV/c 0.0348 0.0000 0.0348 (100%)

10k POT

D. Neuffer, C. Yoshikawa

•Use LiH plate in this design•Good transmission (> 90%)

Can we add better 6d capability by using ps detectors?Can we add better 6d capability by using ps detectors? http://www.hep.anl.gov/ertley/tof/talks_mar_28/12_Roberts.ppthttp://www.hep.anl.gov/ertley/tof/talks_mar_28/12_Roberts.ppt


Pico-Second Timing Workshop

Argonne National LaboratoryUniversity of Chicago

Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique

March 27 & 28, 2008

Muons, Inc.


Momentum ResolutionMomentum Resolutionfrom Time of Flightfrom Time of Flight

Momentum is determined from time of flight.Momentum is determined from time of flight. Here the µHere the µ++ momentum is 200 MeV/c. momentum is 200 MeV/c. Here the counter spacing is 1 m (red) or 5 m (blue).Here the counter spacing is 1 m (red) or 5 m (blue). Segmentation of the counters assumed to be 2 cm or Segmentation of the counters assumed to be 2 cm or

betterbetter• Limits uncertainty in path lengthLimits uncertainty in path length

Desired(next slide) 5 meters

1 meter

(single counter)

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Longitudinal Phase SpaceLongitudinal Phase Space The input beam for MANX has parameters:The input beam for MANX has parameters:

• Momentum:Momentum: 300 MeV/c300 MeV/c• Sigma (dp/p):Sigma (dp/p): 4%4% (12 MeV/c)(12 MeV/c)• Sigma (time):Sigma (time): 0.2 ns0.2 ns (20(20° at 201 MHz)° at 201 MHz)

Cooling will decrease both sigmas by ~10%. Cooling will decrease both sigmas by ~10%. Resolutions 2 times better than the decreases are: Resolutions 2 times better than the decreases are:

• 0.5 MeV/c in Ptot0.5 MeV/c in Ptot• 10 ps in time.10 ps in time.

These resolutions are factors of ~40X and ~6X better than These resolutions are factors of ~40X and ~6X better than the current spectrometers can do (which are not designed the current spectrometers can do (which are not designed to measure longitudinally at all).to measure longitudinally at all).

Picosecond counters are a good match to the needs Picosecond counters are a good match to the needs of MANX for longitudinal measurements.of MANX for longitudinal measurements.

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Summary: MANX Summary: MANX Will Test:Will Test:

• Theory of Helical Cooling Channel (HCC)Theory of Helical Cooling Channel (HCC) p-dependent HCC with continuous absorberp-dependent HCC with continuous absorber modify currents to change cooling decrements, modify currents to change cooling decrements,

• Helical Solenoid Magnet (HS)Helical Solenoid Magnet (HS)• Simulation programs (G4BL, ICOOL)Simulation programs (G4BL, ICOOL)

Minimizes costs and timeMinimizes costs and time• no RF, uses normalized emittance, ~5 m LHe E absorberno RF, uses normalized emittance, ~5 m LHe E absorber• RF is developed in parallel with new conceptsRF is developed in parallel with new concepts• builds on MICE, adds 6-d capability, ~ps detectorsbuilds on MICE, adds 6-d capability, ~ps detectors

Synergies in funding for uses w/o RF:Synergies in funding for uses w/o RF:• HS for stopping muons, especially mu2e upgradeHS for stopping muons, especially mu2e upgrade• Isochronous pion decay channelIsochronous pion decay channel• Precooler Precooler


t

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In Feb. 2009 we plan to present to the FNAL AAC In Feb. 2009 we plan to present to the FNAL AAC An Updated Letter of Intent to Propose An Updated Letter of Intent to Propose

MANX, A 6D MUON BEAM COOLING EXPERIMENT TO FOLLOW MICEMANX, A 6D MUON BEAM COOLING EXPERIMENT TO FOLLOW MICE Robert Abrams1, Mohammad Alsharo’a1, Charles Ankenbrandt2, Emanuela Barzi2, Kevin Beard3, Alex Bogacz3, Daniel Broemmelsiek2, Alan Bross2, Yu-Chiu Chao3,

Mary Anne Cummings1, Yaroslav Derbenev3, Henry Frisch4, Ivan Gonin2, Gail Hanson5, Martin Hu2, Andreas Jansson2, Rolland Johnson1

Stephen Kahn1, Daniel Kaplan6, Vladimir Kashikhin2, Sergey Korenev1, Moyses Kuchnir1, Mike Lamm2, Valeri Lebedev2, David Neuffer2, David Newsham1,

Milorad Popovic2, Robert Rimmer3, Thomas Roberts1, Richard Sah1, Linda Spentzouris6, Alvin Tollestrup2, Daniele Turrioni2, Victor Yarba2,

Katsuya Yonehara2, Cary Yoshikawa2, Alexander Zlobin2

1Muons, Inc.2Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

3Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility4University of Chicago

5University of California at Riverside6Illinois Institute of Technology

We need the MICE Collaboration support to do this !!!!(Fermilab would be asked to build the magnet to be used at RAL)

Bob Palmer Objections to MANXBob Palmer Objections to MANX I agree with Rol – we need a 6D cooling demonstration, but not in the way he wants. 6D I agree with Rol – we need a 6D cooling demonstration, but not in the way he wants. 6D

cooling can be done by path length differences in a helix, or with dispersion in wedges. The cooling can be done by path length differences in a helix, or with dispersion in wedges. The former requires difficult high kappa helices, has consequent problems incorporating rf, and former requires difficult high kappa helices, has consequent problems incorporating rf, and does work at low emittances where you need focusing to a low beta (e.g. PIC or REMEX). The does work at low emittances where you need focusing to a low beta (e.g. PIC or REMEX). The wedge method avoids these problems and is far easier to demonstrate. A wedge in MICE with wedge method avoids these problems and is far easier to demonstrate. A wedge in MICE with off-line dispersion selection is a perfectly good demonstration of 6D cooling and does not cost off-line dispersion selection is a perfectly good demonstration of 6D cooling and does not cost anything (almost). That will satisfy the PR need for “demonstration of 6D cooling”.anything (almost). That will satisfy the PR need for “demonstration of 6D cooling”.

What is really needed, is a demonstration of a useful system. For that, we need to know what What is really needed, is a demonstration of a useful system. For that, we need to know what the “useful system” is, and devise an experiment that shows that it is indeed practical. For a the “useful system” is, and devise an experiment that shows that it is indeed practical. For a high pressure gas cooling system we need to know 1) what a beam does to the gas, 2) how rf high pressure gas cooling system we need to know 1) what a beam does to the gas, 2) how rf is to be incorporated, 3) how to satisfy a safety committee that the system WITH thin is to be incorporated, 3) how to satisfy a safety committee that the system WITH thin windows, is ok, and 4) how its simulated performance and cost compares with systems using windows, is ok, and 4) how its simulated performance and cost compares with systems using wedges. We are a long way from knowing the answers to these questions, so it is premature wedges. We are a long way from knowing the answers to these questions, so it is premature to propose a practicality demonstration at this time. And, incidentally, a demonstration that to propose a practicality demonstration at this time. And, incidentally, a demonstration that uses no hydrogen and no rf is not a practicality demonstration. It would do no more than uses no hydrogen and no rf is not a practicality demonstration. It would do no more than seeing 6D cooling in a wedge at MICE.seeing 6D cooling in a wedge at MICE.

Do not get me wrong. I am not against helices, nor against high pressure hydrogen gas. I am Do not get me wrong. I am not against helices, nor against high pressure hydrogen gas. I am currently excited about a low kappa helix, with the minimum hydrogen pressure for currently excited about a low kappa helix, with the minimum hydrogen pressure for breakdown, and LIH wedges. With a low kappa, (e.g. transverse field 1/20 of the axial) putting breakdown, and LIH wedges. With a low kappa, (e.g. transverse field 1/20 of the axial) putting rf in the coils is trivial. Raising the field to 20 T (plus 1 T transverse) is also relatively easy. rf in the coils is trivial. Raising the field to 20 T (plus 1 T transverse) is also relatively easy. Using lower pressure (25 atm at 60 degrees) also makes safety with thin windows easier. Using lower pressure (25 atm at 60 degrees) also makes safety with thin windows easier. Let’s work together on cooking better solutions and doing the R&D needed to get them to Let’s work together on cooking better solutions and doing the R&D needed to get them to work.work.


If MANX isn’t a prototype for NF or MC cooling, could it be?If MANX isn’t a prototype for NF or MC cooling, could it be? For example, if HPRF can’t be made to work, then you couldFor example, if HPRF can’t be made to work, then you could match 6d MANX output to ~150 MeV vacuum RF section, (a la Fernow)match 6d MANX output to ~150 MeV vacuum RF section, (a la Fernow) accelerate 150 MeV, which would improve 6d emittance by factor of ~5.accelerate 150 MeV, which would improve 6d emittance by factor of ~5. Inject into another MANX section, and iterate 9 times to reduce 6d Inject into another MANX section, and iterate 9 times to reduce 6d

emittance by a factor of a million in 10X30 = 300 m.emittance by a factor of a million in 10X30 = 300 m.


Insert 20 m of 7.5 MV/m 200 MHz RF (vacuum)

MANX 4 m long HCC with LH2 absorber

Matching sections

~8 spare 800 MHz klystrons could be used for demo of a central section

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LEMC Scenario and this LEMC Scenario and this WorkshopWorkshop

A new picture based on Dogbone RLAsA new picture based on Dogbone RLAs Spreadsheet will be developed for parameter Spreadsheet will be developed for parameter

comparisons and optimizationscomparisons and optimizations


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LEMC ScenarioLEMC Scenario


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Bogacz DogbonesScheme

Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 1 Low Emittance Muon Collider Development Rolland P....

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Transcript of Rol - Dec. 9, 2008 MC Design Workshop JLab 1 Low Emittance Muon Collider Development Rolland P....