June 9, 2006 MICE CM15 1

Muons, Inc.

6D MANXA Muon Cooling Demonstration Experiment;

How it might fit within MICE.

Tom RobertsMuons, Inc.

http://muonsinc.com

June 9, 2006 MICE CM15 2

Muons, Inc.Muons, Inc. is pursuing new ideas

about muon cooling:

1. High pressure gas in RF cavities2. Emittance exchange in a continuous absorber3. Continuous absorber in a helical magnetic channel4. Momentum-dependent helical cooling channel5. Parametric resonance ionization cooling6. Reverse emittance exchange7. Simultaneous muon capture, phase rotation, and cooling8. High-energy muon bunch coalescing (NF and MC synthesis)9. Very high field magnetic channels10. Synergies among refrigeration, a cryogenic absorber,

cryogenic magnets, and simultaneous beam and thermal cooling

This presentation discusses the genesis of 6D MANX, and how it might fit in with MICE.

(Items in green lead to 6D MANX)

June 9, 2006 MICE CM15 3

Muons, Inc.First New Idea: High Pressure Gas in

an RF Cavity

• Measurements show we can achieve high RF gradients with high pressure H2 gas.

• Recent measurements show that unlike vacuum cavities,the high gradient shows nosignificant decrease in amagnetic field up to 3 Tesla(and probably higher)

• With high-pressure gas inthe RF cavities, we startedthinking about continuousabsorbers….

June 9, 2006 MICE CM15 4

Muons, Inc.Second Idea: Emittance exchange in a

continuous absorber

• In a magnetic field andcontinuous absorber,there can be emittanceexchange that permitslongitudinal cooling

• Ultimately that permitsthe use of higher-frequency RF, with highergradients

• But the real advantagehappens in a helicalcooling channel….

June 9, 2006 MICE CM15 5

Muons, Inc.Third Idea: The Helical Cooling

Channel (HCC)

• In a HCC, high-momentum particlesnaturally have longer path lengths, providing emittanceexchange in a continuous absorber

• By adjusting the balance ofsolenoid and helical fields, the desired ratio oftransverse and longitudinalcooling can be varied withinrather wide limits

• Integrated RF cavities keepthe momentum ~constant

• But it is difficult to put largeRF cavities inside thehelical magnets….

blue=μ+; red=RF cavities; white=referenceThe RF cavities are centered along the

reference helix.(solenoid and helical magnets not shown,

they are outside the RF cavities)

June 9, 2006 MICE CM15 6

Muons, Inc.Fourth Idea: Momentum-Dependent

Helical Cooling Channel

• Omitting the RF cavities, the particles naturally lose energy (momentum) in the continuous absorber

• Scale the magnetic fieldswith the momentum loss

• The result is a considerablyless complex system whichretains its exceptionalcooling properties

• This is the basic device wewant to demonstrate in6D MANX

June 9, 2006 MICE CM15 7

Muons, Inc.The Helical Cooling Channel (HCC)

Magnetic Fields

The Helical Dipole and Helical Quadrupole Magnetic Fields.

The beam acceptance is 45° into the page, in the light blue circle.Both figures rotate clockwise around the solenoid center as Z increases,

thus forming a helix.(This has been extensively analyzed analytically, and there are

numerous papers discussing this at http://muonsinc.com)

Solenoid

(Field intothe paper)

June 9, 2006 MICE CM15 8

Muons, Inc.A 4-meter LHe HCC has

Exceptional Cooling• Continuous liquid He

absorber• Far above equilibrium

emittance,so Liquid He is appropriate

• Transverse cooling factor ~1.5

• Longitudinal cooling factor ~1.5

• 6D cooling factor is 3.8• Maximum field ~5.5 Tesla

June 9, 2006 MICE CM15 9

Muons, Inc.

Letter of Intent to propose aSIX-DIMENSIONAL MUON BEAM COOLING

EXPERIMENT FOR FERMILAB

Ramesh Gupta, Erich WillenBrookhaven National Accelerator Laboratory

Charles Ankenbrandt, Emanuela Barzi, Alan Bross, Ivan Gonin, Stephen Geer, Vladimir Kashikhin, Valeri Lebedev, David Neuffer, Milorad Popovic, Vladimir Shiltsev,

Alvin Tollestrup, Daniele Turrioni, Victor Yarba, Katsuya Yonehara, Alexander ZlobinFermi National Accelerator Laboratory

Daniel Kaplan, Linda SpentzourisIllinois Institute of Technology

Alex Bogacz, Kevin Beard, Yu-Chiu Chao, Yaroslav Derbenev, Robert RimmerThomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility

Mohammad Alsharo’a, Mary Anne Cummings, Pierrick Hanlet, Robert Hartline, Rolland Johnson*, Stephen Kahn, Moyses Kuchnir, David Newsham, Kevin Paul, Thomas Roberts

Muons, Inc.

(Gail Hanson, UCR added since the initial Presentation)[Full text at http://muonsinc.com]

In early May we submitted a Letter of Intent describing 6D MANX to the Fermilab Director

June 9, 2006 MICE CM15 10

Muons, Inc. … and then, a Miracle Occurred …

Dr. Oddone jumped in with both feet:– He requested an immediate meeting with Muons, Inc. to discuss it– During the meeting he expressed considerable interest and a

willingness to support this effort, suggesting a goal of a Muon Collider with an energy of about 1.5 TeV in the center-of-mass

– He disclosed that the DoE has earmarked $5M of Fermilab’s 2007 budget for Advanced Accelerator R&D (AARD), and stated quite strongly that he did not want to lose those funds from the lab

– During the meeting he asked his staff to develop an AARD proposal to the DoE to design and build this magnet

And to top it off, we have learned that Fermilab’s “spare” superconductor (from the SSC) might well be sufficient to construct the solenoid part of the HCC magnet

June 9, 2006 MICE CM15 11

Muons, Inc. …“Be careful what you wish for”…

We now have an extraordinary opportunity to work with Fermilab to obtain the primary and most expensive component of 6D MANX, in the 2007-2008(?) timeframe

To make this happen, we must be very busy this summer:A. Support the writing of Fermilab’s AARD proposal

(due ~September)

B. Prepare a complete proposal for the 6D MANX experiment– Remarkably, we have Phase I funding to do just that!

C. Continue to perform on our already committed program– Including Phase I funding for enhancing G4beamline

June 9, 2006 MICE CM15 12

Muons, Inc.6D MANX is just like MICE,

only different

• Similar goals…– Demonstrate concepts and technology for muon

cooling

• Similar approach…– Single-particle tracking to demonstrate emittance

reduction and validate simulations

• Similar beam…– Few hundred μ per second, 200-300 MeV/c

• Similar needs…– Cryogenics, hall space, magnet power, tracking, PID,

DAQ, analysis, …

June 9, 2006 MICE CM15 13

Muons, Inc.6D MANX is just like MICE,

only different

• Similar, but somewhat different purposes– MICE: demonstrate technology for transverse cooling for a more

affordable Neutrino Factory– 6D MANX: create a Muon Collider revolution for HEP

• Energy frontier machine• Precision machine• Our intent is to use extreme cooling so ILC RF structures can be used

• Rather different cooling channels• Quite different current status

– MICE is of course an approved and established experiment• All major decisions have been made• Engineering has begun, much of it is nearing completion• Some construction is imminent

– 6D MANX is just starting up• We need to form a collaboration, put organization in place, etc.• We still have major decisions to make• Engineering is in its infancy

June 9, 2006 MICE CM15 14

Muons, Inc. 0th Guess at a Configuration – 1Brute force – put a Helical Cooling Channel between the two MICE spectrometers

June 9, 2006 MICE CM15 15

Muons, Inc. 0th Guess at a Configuration – 2

• This is a simplistic and incomplete configuration:– Orient the HCC so the reference track of the spectrometer

enters along the reference helix– No matching was done; the currents for the matching coils were

simply left at their MICE Stage VI values– The exit of this particular HCC is not horizontal, so no attempt

was made to get into the second spectrometer

• With a fat beam input to the first spectrometer, 99% of particles that exit the spectrometer also exit the HCC– This merely shows the acceptance of the HCC is larger than the

acceptance of the spectrometer

• We had to start somewhere. But we clearly need to be a lot more sophisticated!

June 9, 2006 MICE CM15 16

Muons, Inc. More Sophisticated Approaches

• Our Phase I funding is to solve the matching problem to the HCC, perform initial simulations and design, and begin to prepare a proposal

• Efforts on the matching problem have just begun– Ideas, programs, proofs of principle exist

• See Derbenev, Lebedev, Bogacz, Burov,…

– There are matching techniques developed for flat beams– Electron cooling in the recycler (solenoid Quads)

• A coaxial design appears possible using variations on the MANX idea itself– First approach: turn helical dipole on adiabatically

• Initial example takes 15 m for 300 MeV/c – clearly needs work!

June 9, 2006 MICE CM15 17

Muons, Inc. Summary

• 6D MANX is currently on an exciting trajectory leading toward realization

• The synergies between 6D MANX and MICE are enormous

There are many ways to work together!

… Let us discuss how …