Reconstruction to Populism 1860’s to 1890’s. Chapter 17 Reconstruction – process of reuniting...
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Transcript of Reconstruction to Populism 1860’s to 1890’s. Chapter 17 Reconstruction – process of reuniting...
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Reconstruction to Populism1860’s to 1890’s
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• Chapter 17• Reconstruction – process of reuniting the nation
1865-1877• Ten Percent Plan – Lincoln proposal• Wade-Davis Bill• 13th Amendment – Dec. 18, 1865 – made slavery
illegal in US• Freedmen’s Bureau – aid group for poor people in
south• Andrew Johnson• Black Codes – deprived black people of basic rights• Radical Republicans – politicians most in favor of
equal rights for minorities
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Andrew Johnson 17th President
Freedmen’s Bureau
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Civil Rights Act of 1866 – gave blacks the same legal rights as whites
• 14th Amendment – July 28, 1868 – all people born or naturalized in US are citizensUlysses S. Grant elected President in 1868
• Reconstruction Acts – banned ex-confederates from voting or holding political office – placed South under military rule - 1867
• 15th Amendment – March 30, 1870 – gave black men the right to vote
• Republican-dominated governments with black support in south
• Carpetbaggers/Scalawags
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• Hiram Revels – 1870 – first black man to be elected to the U.S. Senate – from Mississippi
• Ku Klux Klan – formed in 1866 in Tennessee by Nathan Bedford Forrest/ 2nd KKK formed in 1915
• General Amnesty Act of 1872• Election of 1876 – Rutherford B. Hayes
becomes President• Compromise of 1877• Reconstruction ends– whites are returned political
privileges
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Ulysses S. Grant18th President
Rutherford B. Hayes – 19th President
Hiram Revels
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States that went through Reconstruction
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Nathan Bedford Forrest
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• Civil Rights Act of 1875 – guaranteed all people equal rights in public places – later declared unconstitutional
• Redeemers – Southern democrats• Jim Crow Laws – laws that required racial
segregation in the South – poll tax, literacy test, public segregation
• Plessy vs. Ferguson – 1896 – Supreme Court rules that “Separate but Equal” is legal
• Many Southern blacks continue to do the same work for the same person that had been their owner before the Civil War - sharecropping
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Indian Wars in the West• American expansion westward brought
conflict with Indian tribes – Manifest Destiny• Conflicts lasted from 1860’s to 1890• Most tribes were moved to reservations• Sand Creek Massacre – 1864 - Colorado• War with the Sioux – 1874-1876 - Dakotas• Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse – Sioux leaders• Battle of the Little Bighorn – June 25, 1876 –
George Armstrong Custer
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• Buffalo Soldiers – black soldiers
• War with the Navajo and Apache – 1860’s to 1880’s
• Geronimo
• Massacre at Wounded Knee – 1890 – South Dakota – Indian Wars are over
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Crazy Horse Sitting Bull George Armstrong Custer
Custer’s Last Stand
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Aftermath at Wounded Knee
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Geronimo
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The Wild West• Mining, Ranching, and Farming were the big
reasons for westward movement
• Pony Express – 1860’s
• Transcontinental Railroad – 1862-1869
• Mining towns were know as Boomtowns – gold/silver
• Cattle Kingdom – Texas to Canada – Cowboys
• Range Wars
• 1862 – Homestead Act
• Sodbusters
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Pony Express
Transcontinental Railroad
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2nd Industrial Revolution – 1850’s to 1890’s
• New power sources – petroleum/oil, electricity
• Led to new transportation expansion
• 1. Railroads – 193,000 miles of track by 1900
• 2. Cars – 1893
• 3. Airplanes – 1903 – Wright Brothers – Kitty Hawk, NC
• 1876 – Telephone – Alexander Graham Bell
• 1879 – Electric Light Bulb – Thomas Edison
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First Car First Airplane Flight
Wright Brothers
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Thomas Edison
AlexanderGrahamBell
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Big Business Forms• Free Enterprise – government leaves business
alone
• Entrepreneurs – people who start new businesses
• Patents – exclusive right to make or sell an invention
• Corporations – businesses that sell ownership stock to individuals
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• Andrew Carnegie – Steel Production – Vertical Integration
• John D. Rockefeller – Standard Oil Company – Horizontal Integration
• Trusts – when companies group together to force out competition
• America is industrial leader of the world by mid- 1890’s
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John D. Rockefeller
Andrew Carnegie
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Workers Fight Back• Labor Unions form to get better working
conditions and pay – collective bargaining
• A. Knights of Labor
• B. American Federation of Labor – AFL
• 1886 – Haymarket Riot – Chicago
• Anarchists – people who oppose all government
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• 1889 – Homestead Strike – Pennsylvania
• Pinkerton Detective Agency
• 1894 – Pullman Strike
• 1890 – Sherman Anti-Trust Act – made monopolies and trusts illegal
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Haymarket Riot
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New Immigrants – After 1880• Old Immigrants – before 1880 – mostly from
Northern and Western Europe• New Immigrants – After 1880 – mostly from
Southern and Eastern Europe, Asia• 1. Came looking for jobs created by 2nd Industrial
Revolution – did most of the low-paying factory and construction work in the US.
• 2. Came to escape religious and political persecution – Armenians and Jews
• Voyages were usually difficult and uncomfortable – Steerage class
• Ellis Island, NY – main immigrant processing center
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Ellis Island
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Urban Life• Most new immigrants settled in northern and
mid-western cities, causing rapid growth – led to overcrowding, sanitation problems, increase in crime
• 1. 1850 – 6 cities with population over 100,000
• 2. 1900 – 35 cities with population over 100,000
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• Settled in areas with other people from their race or religion
• Benevolent Societies – aid groups set up to assist immigrant groups (death, sickness, unemployment)
• Many middle-class Americans began to move to suburbs – areas outside of cities
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Resistance to Immigrants• Nativists – people opposed to immigrants,
usually because of racial or religious prejudice – worried about job competition
• 1882 – Chinese Exclusion Act – banned immigrants from China for 10 years – repealed in 1943
• 1894 – Immigration Restriction League – wanted all immigrants to prove literacy in some language, especially English
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Rise of Populism• US population doubled between 1860 and
1900 – number of farms tripled
• Farm competition and overproduction led to many farmers struggling – blames big business and it’s influence in government
• 1867 – National Grange
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• 1887 – Interstate Commerce Act – regulated trade and railroads
• 1888 – Sherman Silver Purchase Act – increased money supply
• 1892 – Populist Party formed for national political elections – struggled to find support and faded away