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STEFAN POPA POPA’S: Ruslan Ponomariov

Both previous cartoons, Ku~an and Illyumzhinov, were made by Stefan Popa Popa’s. We apologize the authorfor any inconvenience. / Obe prej{nji karikaturi sta delo Stefana Pope Popa’s. Avtorju se opravi~ujemo za vsenev{e~nosti.

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Some of the most beauti-ful underground worldsof our planet lie belowvineyards and olivegroves of the karst region.There are more than sixthousand karst cavesand sinkholes inSlovenia, and ten of thesetreasuries of limestonemasterpieces created bydisappearing karst rivershave been adapted andopened for tourists.At Slovenian karst regionexcellent wines arepoured and sold, and inthe attics excellent pr{utis cured in the borawind. This gourmets’

which offered guidedtours in the first half ofthe 17th century.The only cave vertebratein Europe, the Proteusanguinus or “humanfish” which is also thelargest known caveanimal in the world,lives in Slovene caves.And this is far frombeing the last of theattractions of Slovenia’skarst region. The nobleLipizzaner horse origi-nated in Slovenia. Lipica,where the stud farm wasestablished in 1580, istoday a popular touristcenter with a ridingschool, hotels, a swim-

paradise is also a heavenfor lovers of the beautiesof the karst underworld.Postojna Cave, firstmentioned in 1213, isthe most popular cave inEurope with more thantwenty-six million visitorsso far. The [kocjanCaves, boast the1400-meter long and150-meter deep under-ground canyon of theReka River. In Slovenia,whose language contrib-uted numerous terms toworld karst studies, wealso find the oldest touristcave in the world:Vilenica near Diva~a

cliff, the highest flyschwall on the Adriaticcoast. Here are theSeèovlje saltworks, firstmentioned in the 13thcentury, and nearby is asanctuary for more than150 bird species. Here thetowns of Piran, Izola,and Koper draw visitorswith their medieval cores,while Portoro‘, offersnumerous modern hotelswith congress halls, afully equipped marina, asport airport, thermalbaths, a casino, and avaried offer of summercultural, entertainment,and sports events. Not farfrom the coast, the beau-ties of Slovene Istria withits picturesque villagesawait you. Among them,for example, is Hrastovljewith its Holy Trinitychurch decorated withnarrative late Gothicfrescoes including amarvelously preservedDanse Macabre.

info@slovenia-tourism.siwww.slovenia-tourism.si

SLOVENIAN KARSTAND COAST

ming pool, a golf course,and a casino.Every kilometer of theSlovene coast is a newsurprise. Here is a natu-ral reserve with a richfund of marl and sand-stone and the unique,eighty-meter Strunjan

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Nekateri najlep{ipodzemni svetovi na{egaplaneta le‘ijo podvinogradi in olj~niminasadi na Krasu. VSloveniji je preko {est tiso~kra{kih jam in ponorov.Deset apnen~astihmojstrovin, ki so jihustvarile izginjajo~e kra{kereke, je prirejenih inodprtih za turiste.Na slovenskem krasuto~ijo in prodajajoprvovrstna vina in napodstre{jih hranijoprvovrsten pr{ut, su{enna burji. Ta gastronomskiraj je tudi raj za vseljubitelje kra{kega

strokovni izrazi za kra{kepojave.Edini jamski vreten~ar vEvropi, Proteus anguinus,nam bolj znan kot~love{ka ribica, ki je tudinajve~ja jamska ‘ival nasvetu, ‘ivi s slovenskihjamah. In to vsekakor nikonec slovenskih kra{kihznamenitosti. PlemenitiLipicanerji ravno takoizvirajo iz Slovenije. Lipica,kjer so ustanovilikonju{nico leta 1580, jedanes priljubljen turisti~encenter s {olo jahanja,hoteli, bazenom, igri{~emza golf in igralnico.Vsak kilometerslovenskega krasa in

podzemlja. Tu se nahajaPostojnska jama, ki jeprvi~ omenjena leta 1213in je najbolj obiskana jamav Evropi, s {estindvajsetimimilijoni obiskovalci dosedaj, ter [kocjanske jame,ki se lahko pohvalijoz 1400 metrov dolgimin 150 metrov globokimpodzemnim kanjonomreke Reke. V Slovenijilahko najdemo tudinajstarej{o turisti~no jamona svetu: Vilenica priDiva~i je ponujala vodeneoglede ‘e v prvi polovici17. stoletja. Sloven{~ina paje jezik, iz katerega sovzeti mnogi mednarodni

nahajajo tudi Se~oveljskesoline, prvi~ omenjene v13. stoletju, in nedale~ jezato~i{~e za ve~ kot 150vrst ptic. Tu Piran, Koperin Izola privabljajoobiskovalce s svojimisrednjeve{kimi jedri,medtem ko Portoro‘ponuja {tevilne modernehotele z kongresnimidvoranami, popolnomaopremljeno marino,{portnim letali{~em,termalnimi zdravili{~i,igralnico in raznovrstnoponudbo poletnihkulturnih, zabavi{~nih in{portnih dogodkov.Nedale~ od obale vaspri~akujejo lepoteslovenske Istre s svojimislikovitimi vasicami. Mednjimi lahko na primernajdemo Hrastovlje scerkvijo Svete Trojice, ki jeposlikana s pripovednimipozno gotskimi freskami,ki vklju~ujejo tudi izvrstnoohranjen mrtva{ki ples.

info@slovenia-tourism.siwww.slovenia-tourism.si

SLOVENSKI KRASIN OBALA

primorja ponuja novopresene~enje. Tu se nahajanaravni park z bogatozalogo laporja inpe{~enjaka, kot tudiedinstvena osemdesetmetrska Strunjanskape~ina, najve~ja kamnitape~ina na Jadranu. Tu se

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BLED – CHESS CAPITALOF THE WORLD

Bled. A magnificent sub-alpine pearl, whose beauty hasalready charmed many, many tourists. And Bled – thechess capital of the world. With a tradition that startedway back in 1931 and will achieve its indisputable peakwith this year’s 35th Olympiad. The greatest event that canbe organised in chess.Why Bled? “The lake rests in silence”, one could murmur.Silence, so necessary to people performing one of the mostintellectual professions in the world. Or those who onlymove the wooden figures in their spare time. Bled, with itsnatural attributes, offers to all without exception, every-thing chess players need.And Bled – the tourist centre. Wonderfully arranged, withtop hotel services; with everything that pampered chessstars wish. Bled will provide all that. Bled is capable andknows how. It has the experience which, as already men-tioned, goes all the way back to 1931.That was the time when the great (greatest?) son of theSlovene nation, Dr Milan Vidmar, wanted to give back tothe world at least a portion of the hospitality that he hadhimself received wherever he went. He felt he had a duty,that he must prove himself as never before. He knocked onmany doors, wrote countless requests, and first of all, tookcare of the most important thing – money- Then he said:“We will play in Bled, let the world see how beautifulSlovenia is! I’ll invite the best of the best, I will arrange atournament for all eternity!”Well, Dr Vidmar did not entirely succeed in composing thecrossword. The chess stars even then had their whims, andthe doctor of transformers didn’t quite manage to bring allthe best to Bled. But Aleksander Aljehin came! The worldchampion, who had not been defeated in tournaments forsome time and who four years earlier had so sensationallyovercome the invincible Jose Raoul Capablanca.Capablanca, who so longed for revenge that he wanted atany price to play a tournament together with Aljehin. Toshow that he was still the best, still the same old Casa-blanca. It seemed to Dr Vidmar that enough time hadpassed for Aljehin to have softened. But he hadn’t. Heagreed to Capablanca’s appearance, but only on the con-dition that he receive an astronomic honorarium. Severalmillion dollars in today’s terms. An honorarium of whichDr Vidmar could only dream, of course.Aljehin thus had the advantage. The list of challengers waslong and, above all, impressive. Efim Bogoljubov, theRussian German grandmaster, who Aljehin had only re-

cently beaten in a duel for world champion. AronNimcovi~, the legendary father of hypermodernism, andabove all an excellent player, who had won the last grandtournament in Kissingen and was now publicly pro-claimed the second chess player of the world. And the oldmasters, Rudolf Spielmann, Saviel Tartakower andGeza Maroczy, with whom Dr Vidmar had played somany tournaments. The young grandmaster guard IsaacKashdan, a charismatic American who, later in the thir-ties, was transformed into an Olympic hero. And GoestaStolz and Salo Flohr, who was soon to become the lead-ing player in the world. Some room was left for local play-ers. Together with Dr Vidmar, the undisputed champion ofYugoslav chess, Bora Kosti}, the first Serbian grandmas-ter, and the Hungarian Yugoslav Lajos Asztalos, and thestill young, extremely promising Vasja Pirc, a boy whowould soon begin to follow his great teacher’s footstepsand become the second Slovene grandmaster, were givenan opportunity. Fourteen players took part, and they com-peted over two rounds. The battle of giants lasted a monthand a half, directed by the ever-present Austrian, HansKmoch. Twenty six rounds, only the nineteenth wasmoved to Ljubljana.The tournament was played in an annex of Hotel Toplice,almost without an audience. They were hard times, andpeople had little ear for chess. However, this did not botherthe chess players at all, least of all Aleksander Aljehin. Thetournament in Bled will remain enshrined in chess historyas one of his greatest successes. He achieved 20.5 points,and at the end celebrated first place with an unbelievable5.5 point lead! He was followed by Bogoljubov andNimcovi~, and then a groupo of four that included DrVidmar. By his own admission, his chess powers had al-ready begun to wane slightly, and the Bled tournamentwas actually the introduction to an unhappy decade forhim, a period “when he couldn’t think of anything par-ticularly intelligent”.A break ensued that lasted a whole 18 years! But in theperiod marked by the Second World War, the name of Bledwas not forgotten in the chess world. The tournament of1931 was deeply engraved in the memory. Politicalchanges followed – chess gained a completely differentimage in post-war Yugoslavia than it had had in theformer Kingdom. Tournaments began to follow one afteranother, and fairly soon, Bled’s turn, too, came.In 1949, a spectacular duel was played there between

7Vasja Pirc and the fifth world champion, Dr Max Euwe.The duel ended with a great success for the Slovene grand-master, who forced his great opponent into an undecidedresult (5:5), and the result was certainly an encourage-ment for Pirc’s imminent appearance at the Chess Olym-piad the following year in Dubrovnik. We know that Yugo-slavia won the gold medal there, and in the general post-Olympic euphoria, Bled was also included with its secondgrand tournament. The Argentine stars Miguel Najdorfand Herman Pilnik travelled straight from Dubrovnik,and Saviel Tartakower was again here. Many masterswere invited, although not actually the greatest format,from various parts of the world. All three Slovene Olympicplayers also appeared: Vasja Pirc, Milan Vidmar juniorand Stojan Puc.The tournament was convincingly won by the greatMiguel Najdorf, one of the most important persons in thechess world of the past century. The Slovenes did not shine,the younger Vidmar did best, with tenth place. However,the star of the young Andri Fuderer shone at the tourna-ment; barely nineteen years old, he won fourth place!Many then forecast a glittering chess future for him, buthe soon exchanged it voluntarily for scientific work, andchess became no more than a memory.In 1959, Bled awaited a new chess peak. Thecandidates tournament to challenge theworld champion, Mihail Botvinik, was thestrongest in the entire history of candidatetournaments. It was played over four rounds,the first two being played in Bled, and theplayers then moved to Zagreb and then on toBelgrade. The eight participants includedfour world champions! Mihail Talj, VasilijSmislov, Tigran Petrosjan and RobertFischer, in the company of Paul Keres,Svetozar Gligori}, Friderik Olafsson andPaul Benk, conjured one of the most won-derful battles in chess history.The tournament triggered unbelievable inter-est in chess throughout the world, for tworeasons above all. Mihail Talj, the magician,the chess buccaneer from Riga, who had ap-peared like a meteor and in two years hadwon everything that could be won. Would hemanage yet another feat, would he even survive all theway to a duel with Botvinik? How often would he sacrifice,how often would he be lost, and in the end, how manycigarettes would he smoke, how many bottles of vodkawould he empty, how many beautiful girls would he win?The second reason came straight from America. The 16-year old miracle boy Robert Fischer, whom everybodycalled Bobby, only a year previously, during an inter-zonetournament in Portoro‘, had enthused everybody andhad even been ranked among the last eight challengers,and had won his grandmaster title! The youngest in his-tory. And this was his first appearance after all those suc-cesses, and Bobby further excited the public with his(over)optimistic statements.However, the tournament was marked by only one hero.Mihail Talj was unstoppable those days, and in Bled heplayed himself to a practically uncatchable advantage.“Eternal love” budded instantly between Talj and Bled,and Mihail Talj was also to be the central personality ofchess events in Bled in the following year. He had alreadywon himself a new army of fans during his first appear-

ance, who followed his every step with fanatic allegiance.Mihail Talj really knew how to charm people!And already after two years a new peak! Thirty years hadpassed since the first tournament, the one at whichAleksander Aljehin had shone. The central personalitieswere the same – Mihail Talj, who had meanwhile bothwon and already lost the title of world champion, andRobert Fischer, who was “already” eighteen, and hadmeanwhile made great progress. Such progress that thistime the experts, too, ranked him in the narrow circle offavourites. Tigran Petrosjan, Paul Keres and SvetozarGligori} came again, Efim Geller for the first time, and ahost of other grandmasters. Only four of the twenty playerswere not grandmasters, and of those four, two later wonthe highest chess title!Only two days before the start of the tournament, BrunoParma won the title of world youth champion and trav-elled to the tournament directly from The Hague. Parmawas also inspired by Bled, the beardless youth won anexcellent eighth place and only missed grandmaster titleby half a point. He lost it in the game with Robert Fischer,who forced him into a draw with an acute Sicilian de-fence when he was already on his knees.

Fischer flew straight to Bled. He overcame thequartet of Russian grandmasters 3.5:0.5, andhis victory over Mihail Talj was even finer.However, even this was not enough for tri-umph at the tournament. The buccaneerfrom Riga, in fact, continued his march, hecompensated for the defeat against Fischerwith nine victories and reliably, with a pointadvantage, again won in his dream town.The tournament was an unique farewell toDr Milan Vidmar. This was the last tourna-ment at which the giant of Slovene chess ap-peared – he was the main adjudicator of thetournament. Only two years later, he closedhis tired eyes forever and since then, the ma-jor chess tournaments in Slovenia have car-ried his name in memory. Mihail Talj did notforget “his” Bled. Already in his next raid onworld chess, he again broke through into theeight candidates for world champion, exceptthat these now played duels rather than tour-

naments. It is not hard to guess that Talj always choseBled as the location of the duels. In 1965, in Bled, he firstplayed a quarter-final against Lajos Portisch, and lessthan a month later, a semi-final duel against Bent Larsen.Both times he won in grand Talj style.They were also Talj’s last appearances in Bled. He hadappeared four times, and four times had left the scene asthe great victor!As if the locals were disappointed with the departure ofMi{a, nothing happened in the next fourteen years to Bled!A change of generation in the organising committee wasneeded. The Slovene Chess Federation speeded things up,arranging a Vidmar memorial in 1979 on the system halfPortoro‘, half Bled! The then stars Jan Timman, BentLarsen and Zoltan Ribly appeared, who fought a bitterfight to the last round for victory in the tournament. TheDutchman triumphed. Slovene chess was best representedby Bruno Parma, in one of his last tournaments. Heplayed in style: fifty percent of points and a place in themiddle of the table. Once more, in 1991, half the VidmarMemorial was played in Bled (this time in association

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with Roga{ka Slatina). The main role this time was playedby the Bosnian grandmasters Predrag Nikoli} and IvanSokolov, ahead of the Russians Evgenij Barejev andAleksander Halifman. The latter is today among theworld top ten, and all four are also playing in this year’sOlympiad!.The Vidmar Memorial of 1979 clearly also woke the sleep-ing local organisers. There was soon a decision to hold anopen tournament, which was intended to become an an-nual event. And in fact, a year later, in 1980, Bledawaited its first open tournament, and the first open tour-nament in Slovenia in general. The tournament soon out-grew the original idea and became a chess festival. To-gether with the main tournament, they also began a la-dies’ tournament and soon one for players with lowerrankings, and a youth, invitation tournament. This year,when the tournament was played for the twenty-third con-secutive time, was particularly festive. It became known asthe “pre-Olympic” tournament, and a huge number ofgrandmasters gathered. The open tournament in Bled,which had been conceived by the then “anonymous”Vojin Perovi} and Valter [inkovec outgrew all expecta-tions and its organisation today already involves a large

number of people. The conductor’s baton was taken up byVojko Mencinger after the tragic death of [inkovec,hard work being done by the secretary of the Chess Federa-tion of Slovenia, Ale{ Drinovec. The open tournament,with its tradition, certainly approaches being the mostfamous in the world.Bled has also gained a very important role in independentchess Slovenia. It has become a kind of chess Mecca, sinceat least half of official Slovene tournaments are playedhere! There are chess players who have already spent agood year of their lives in hotels there. The men’s champi-onships are traditionally played in Bled, as well as theyouth tournament and individual championships. If youdon’t have the solution, choose Bled! The doors are alwaysopen for chess players there!So, this is the tradition that guarantees that this year’schess Olympiad will be one of the finest to date. Bled iswritten in large letters on the chess map of the world, to-gether with Hastings, Bewervijk, Linares and similarplaces – chess heroes. However, Bled is the first of them tohost a Chess Olympiad, and in the middle of November, itsname will shine brightest of all!

Georg Mohr

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Bled. ^udoviti podalpski biser, ki je s svojo lepotoo~aral ‘e mnoge turiste. In Bled, {ahovska prestolnicasveta. S tradicijo, ki se je za~ela daljnega leta 1931 in kibo svoj nesporni vrhunec do‘ivela z leto{njo 35.olimpijado, najve~jim dogodkom, ki se ga v {ahu splohda prirediti.Zakaj ravno Bled? »Po~iva jezero v tihoti,« bi lahkozamrmrali. Tihoti, tako potrebni ljudem, ki opravljajoenega najbolj intelektualnih poklicev sveta. Ali tistim, kilesene figurice premikajo le v prostem ~asu. Bled vsembrez izjeme s svojimi naravnimi danostmi ponuja tisto,kar {ahisti potrebujejo.Bled pa je tudi turisti~no sredi{~e. ^udovito urejen, zvrhunskimi hotelskimi uslugami. Z vsem tistim, karrazvajeni {ahovski zvezdniki ‘elijo. In kar jim bo Bled vceloti ponudil. To namre~ zmore in zna. Saj imajoizku{nje, ki, kot ‘e re~eno, segajo vse tja v daljno leto1931 ...To je bil tisti ~as, ko si je veliki (najve~ji?) sinslovenskega naroda dr. Milan Vidmar za‘elel, dasvetu povrne vsaj del~ek tistega gostoljubja, ki ga je bilsam dele‘en, kamor koli je pri{el. ^util je, da je dol‘an,da se mora izkazati kot {e nikoli dotlej. Potrkal je namnoga vrata, napisal prenekatero pro{njo in najprejpriskrbel tisto najpomembnej{e – denar. Nato si jeporekel: »Igrali bomo na Bledu, naj svet vidi, kako lepaje Slovenija! Povabil bom najbolj{e od najbolj{ih,naredil bom turnir za vse ve~ne ~ase!«No, v popolnosti dr.Vidmarju le ni uspelo. [ahovskizvezdniki so ‘e takrat imeli svoje muhe in doktortransformatorjev na Bled le ni pripeljal vseh najbolj{ih.A pri{el je Aleksander Aljehin! Svetovni prvak, ki nipoznal poraza na turnirjih ‘e lep ~as in ki je {tiri letaprej tako senzacionalno premagal nepremagljivegaJoseja Raoula Capablanco. Capablanca si je mo~no ‘elelrevan{e in je na vsak na~in hotel odigrati kak{en turnirskupaj z Aljehinom. Da poka‘e, da je {e zmerajnajbolj{i, {e zmeraj tisti stari Capablanca. Dr.Vidmarjuse je zazdelo, da je minilo dovolj ~asa, da bo Aljehinusmiljen. Pa ni bil. Na nastop Capablance je sicerpristal, toda za to je zahteval astronomski honorar.Kak{nih milijon dolarjev dana{nje vrednosti. Honorar, okaterem je dr.Vidmar seveda lahko le sanjal.Prednost je tako dobil Aljehin. Seznam izzivalcev pa je

BLED – [AHOVSKAPRESTOLNICA SVETA

bil dolg in predvsem impresiven. Efim Bogoljubov,rusko-nem{ki velemojster, ki ga je Aljehin le malo prejpremagal v dvoboju za svetovnega prvaka. AronNimcovi~, legendarni o~e hipermodernizma,predvsem pa odli~en igralec, ki je zmagal na zadnjemvelikem turnirju v Kissingenu in ki se je javno razgla{alza drugega {ahista sveta. Pa stari mojstri RudolfSpielmann, Saviel Tartakower in Geza Maroczy, skaterimi je dr.Vidmar preigral toliko turnirjev. Mladivelemojster Isaac Kashdan, karizmati~ni Ameri~an, kise je kasneje v tridesetih letih prelevil v olimpijskegaheroja. Pa Goesta Stolz in Salo Flohr, ki je kmalu natopostal eden vodilnih {ahistov sveta.Nekaj prostora je ostalo tudi doma~inom. Obdr.Vidmarju, nespornem prvaku jugoslovanskega {aha,so prilo‘nost dobili {e Bora Kosti}, prvi srbskivelemojster, pa mad‘arski Jugoslovan Lajos Asztalosin {e mladi, izredno obetavni Vasja Pirc, fant, ki je natokmalu za~el stopati po poteh velikega u~itelja in postaldrugi slovenski velemojster.Nastopilo je {tirinajst igralcev, pomerili so sedvokro‘no. Poldrugi mesec je trajala gigantska bitka, kiji je na~eloval vedno prisotni Avstrijec Hans Kmoch. 26krogov, le 19. so preselili v Ljubljano.Turnir se je odvijal v prizidku hotela Toplice skoraj brezgledalcev. To so bili te‘ki ~asi in ljudje za {ah niso imelipreve~ posluha. Toda {ahistov to ni motilo, {e najmanjAleksandra Aljehina. Turnir na Bledu bo ostal zapisan v{ahovski zgodovini kot eden njegovih najve~jihuspehov. Dosegel je 20,5 to~ke in ob koncu zasedelprvo mesto z neverjetnimi 5,5 to~kami prednosti!Sledila sta Bogoljubov in Nimcovi~, nato pa ~etverica, vkateri je bil tudi dr.Vidmar. Ki mu je po lastnempriznanju {ahovska mo~ za~ela ‘e rahlo pe{ati, pravblejski turnir pa je bil uvod v njegovih nesre~nih desetlet, obdobje, »ko se ni mogel domisliti ni~esar posebejpametnega«.Sledil je odmor, ki je trajal kar 18 let! V obdobju, ki gaje zaznamovala druga svetovna vojna, pa ime Bleda v{ahovskem svetu ni bilo pozabljeno. Turnir iz leta 1931se je namre~ globoko zarezal v spomin. Sledile sopoliti~ne spremembe – v povojni Jugoslaviji je {ah dobilpovsem druga~no podobo, kakor jo je imel v kraljevini.Turnirji so se pri~eli vrstiti eden za drugim in kaj kmalu

10je pri{la vrsta tudi na Bled.Leta 1949 sta tam spektakularni dvoboj odigrala VasjaPirc in peti svetovni prvak dr. Max Euwe. Dvoboj se jekon~al z velikim uspehom na{ega velemojstra, ki jeslavnemu nasprotniku izsilil neodlo~en rezultat (5:5), kije bil gotovo vzpodbuda za skoraj{nji Pir~ev nastop na{ahovski olimpijadi naslednje leto v Dubrovniku.Vemo, da je tam Jugoslavija osvojila zlato kolajno, vvsesplo{no poolimpijsko evforijo pa se je vklju~il tudiBled s svojim drugim velikim turnirjem. Iz Dubrovnikasta pripotovala argentinska zvezdnika Miguel Najdorfin Herman Pilnik, spet je bil tu Saviel Tartakower.Povabljeni so bili mnogi mojstri, resda ne najve~jegaformata, iz raznih de‘el sveta. Nastopili so tudi vsi trijeslovenski olimpijci, Vasja Pirc, Milan Vidmar ml. inStojan Puc.Turnir je prepri~ljivo osvojil veliki Miguel Najdorf, enanajmarkantnej{ih oseb v {ahovskem svetu prej{njegastoletja. Slovenci niso blesteli, {e najbolj{i je bil Vidmarml. na desetem mestu. Je pa na turnirju zasijala zvezdamladega Andrije Fudererja, ki je s komajdevetnajstimi leti osvojil ~etrto mesto! Marsikdo mu jetakrat prerokoval ble{~e~o {ahovsko prihodnost, ki pajo je kmalu prostovoljno zamenjal za znanstveno delo,{ah pa za vselej potisnil med spomine.Leta 1959 je Bled do~akal nov {ahovski vrhunec. Turnirkandidatov za izzivalca svetovnega prvaka MihailaBotvinika je bil najmo~nej{i v vsej zgodovinikandidatskih turnirjev. Igralo se je {tirikro‘no, prva dvakroga sta se igrala na Bledu, nato so se igralci preselilinajprej v Zagreb, nato {e v Beograd. Med osmimiudele‘enci so bili kar {tirje svetovni prvaki! MihailTalj, Vasilij Smislov, Tigran Petrosjan in RobertFischer so v dru‘bi Paula Keresa, SvetozarjaGligori}a, Fridrika Olafssona in Paula Benkapri~arali eno naj~udovitej{ih bitk v {ahovski zgodovini.Turnir je spro‘il neverjetno zanimanje za {ah po vsemsvetu, razloga pa sta bila predvsem dva. Mihail Talj,~arovnik, {ahovski »gusar iz Rige«, ki se je pojavil kotmeteor in v dveh letih osvojil vse, kar se osvojiti da. Vsiso se spra{evali, ~e mu bo uspel {e en podvig in se boprebil vse do dvoboja z Botvinikom? Koliko krat bo‘rtvoval, koliko krat bo izgubil in konec koncev kolikocigaret bo pokadil, koliko steklenic vodke bo izpraznilin koliko lepih deklet bo osvojil?Drugi razlog je prihajal naravnost iz Amerike. 16-letni~ude‘ni de~ek Robert Fischer, vsi so ga klicali Bobby, jeleto prej na medconskem turnirju v Portoro‘u navdu{ilvse, se celo uvrstil med zadnjo osmerico izzivalcev inkot najmlaj{i v zgodovini osvojil naslov velemojstra!Nastop na Bledu je bil prvi po vseh tistih uspehih,Bobby pa je javnost le {e pod‘igal s svojimi(pre)optimisti~nimi izjavami.Turnir pa je zaznamoval le en junak. Mihail Talj je biltiste dni neustavljiv, ‘e na Bledu si je priigral prakti~noneulovljivo prednost. Med Taljem in Bledom je vtrenutku vzklila »ve~na ljubezen« in prav Mihail Talj jebil naslednje leto osrednja osebnost {ahovskegadogajanja na Bledu. @e v prvem nastopu si je priigralnovo armado navija~ev, ki so vsak njegov korakspremljali s fanati~no privr‘enostjo. Mihail Talj je ljudizares znal o~arati!

@e ~ez dve leti je pri{el nov vrhunec, trideset let poprvem turnirju, na katerem je blestel AleksanderAljehin. Osrednji osebnosti sta bili zopet Mihail Talj, kije medtem ‘e osvojil in tudi ‘e izgubil naslovsvetovnega prvaka, in Robert Fischer, ki je imel »‘e«osemnajst let in je medtem mo~no napredoval. Takomo~no, da so ga tokrat ‘e tudi strokovnjaki uvr{~ali vnajo‘ji krog favoritov. Znova so pri{li Tigran Petrosjan,Paul Keres, Svetozar Gligori}, prvi~ Efim Geller inkopica drugih velemojstrov. Le {tirje igralci od dvajsetihniso bili velemojstri, in {e izmed teh sta dva poznejeosvojila najvi{ji {ahovski naslov!Le dva dneva pred za~etkom turnirja je Bruno Parmaosvojil naslov svetovnega mladinskega prvaka in naturnir pripotoval neposredno iz Haaga. Parma je tudi naBledu navdu{il, golobradi mladeni~ je osvojil izvrstnoosmo mesto in le za pol to~ke zgre{il velemojstrskinaslov! U{el mu je v partiji z Robertom Fischerjem, ki semu je v ostri sicilijanki izvil v remi, potem ko je ‘e bilna kolenih.Fischer je na Bledu naravnost letel. ^etverico ruskihvelemojstrov je premagal s 3,5:0,5. Najlep{a je bilazmaga nad Mihailom Taljem. Pa vendar niti to nizadostovalo za zmagoslavje na turnirju. Gusar iz Rige jenamre~ nadaljeval svoj pohod, poraz proti Fischerju jenadomestil z desetimi zmagami in zanesljivo, s to~koprednosti znova zmagal v svojem sanjskem mestu.Turnir je bil svojevrstno slovo dr. Milana Vidmarja. To jebil zadnji turnir, na katerem se je velikan slovenskega{aha pojavil – bil je glavni sodnik turnirja. @e ~ez dve letije za vselej zatisnil trudne o~i in v bodo~e so najve~ji{ahovski turnirji v Sloveniji nosili ime njemu v spomin.Mihail Talj pa »svojega« Bleda ni pozabil. @e vnaslednjem pohodu na svetovni {ahovski vrh se jeznova prebil med osmerico kandidatov za svetovnegaprvaka, ki so sedaj igrali dvoboje namesto turnirja. Nite‘ko uganiti, da je Talj za prizori{~e dvoboja vselejizbral Bled. Na Bledu je leta 1965 najprej igral~etrtfinale proti Lajosu Portischu, ‘e ~ez slab mesec pa{e polfinalni dvoboj proti Bentu Larsenu. Obakrat jezmagal v velikem, taljevskem slogu.To sta bila tudi zadnja Taljeva nastopa na Bledu. Pri{elje {tirikrat in {tirikrat je od{el s prizori{~a kot velikizmagovalec!

11Kot bi bili doma~ini razo~arani nad odhodom Mi{e, senaslednjih {tirinajst let ni na Bledu zgodilo ni~!Potrebna je bila menjava generacij v prireditvenemodboru. Zadevo je pospe{ila slovenska {ahovska zveza,ki je leta 1979 organizacijo Vidmarjevega memorialarazdelila med Portoro‘ in Bled. Takratni zvezdniki, JanTimman, Bent Larsen in Zoltan Ribly, so vse dozadnjega kroga bili ogor~en boj za zmago na turnirju, kisi jo je zagotovil Nizozemec. Slovenski {ah je najboljezastopal Bruno Parma na enem svojih zadnjih turnirjev.Priigral si je petdeset odstotkov to~k in mesto v sredinirazpredelnice. [e enkrat, leta 1991, je bila polovicaVidmarjevega memoriala na Bledu (tokrat v navezi zRoga{ko Slatino). Tokrat sta glavno vlogo igralabosanska velemojstra Predrag Nikoli} in IvanSokolov pred Rusoma Evgenijem Barejevom inAleksandrom Halifmanom. Slednja danes sodita vprvo svetovno deseterico, vsi {tirje pa bodo na Bleduigrali tudi na leto{nji olimpijadi!Vidmarjev memorial je leta 1979 o~itno prebudil tudizaspane doma~e prireditelje. Hitro je padla odlo~itev oodprtem turnirju, ki naj bi ga poslej prirejali vsako leto.In res je ‘e leta 1980 Bled do~akal svoj prvi odprtiturnir in prvi odprti turnir v Sloveniji sploh. Kmalu jeturnir prerasel osnovno zamisel in postal {ahovski festi-val. Ob glavnem turnirju so za~eli {e z ‘enskim, kmalu{e s tistim za slab{e rangirane igralce, pa z mladinskim,pozivnim turnirjem ... Letos, ko je turnir praznovaltriindvajseto obletnico, je bilo {e posebej slovesno. Naodprtem turnirju, ki je dobil {e vzdevek»predolimpijski«, se je zbralo veliko {tevilovelemojstrov. Odprti turnir na Bledu, ki sta si gazamislila takratna »anonimne‘a« Vojin Perovi} inValter [inkovec, je prerasel vsa pri~akovanja in danesza njegovo organizacijo skrbi veliko {tevilo ljudi.Dirigentsko palico je namesto tragi~no preminulega[inkovca prevzel Vojko Mencinger, gara{ko deloopravlja tajnik [ZS Ale{ Drinovec. Odprti turnir pa ssvojo tradicijo zanesljivo koraka proti najznamenitej{imna svetu.Bled pa je dobil tudi zelo pomembno vlogo vsamostojni {ahovski Sloveniji. Postal je nekak{na{ahovska meka, saj se tam igra vsaj polovica uradnihslovenskih tekmovanj! Obstajajo {ahisti, ki so vtamkaj{njih hotelih pre‘iveli ‘e kak{no leto svojega‘ivljenja. Na Bledu se tradicionalno igrajo mo{tvenaprvenstva, mladinski turnirji, posamezna prvenstva. ^enima{ re{itve, izbere{ Bled. Tam so {ahistom vratavselej odprta!Da, to je tradicija, ki nam je porok, da bo leto{nja{ahovska olimpijada ena najlep{ih doslej. Bled je na{ahovskem zemljevidu sveta zapisan z velikimi ~rkami,skupaj s Hastingsom, Bewervijkom, Linaresom inpodobnimi mesteci – {ahovskimi heroji. Toda {ahovskoolimpijado bo prvi med njimi imel prav Bled in ‘e sredinovembra bo njihovo ime zasijalo najmo~neje medvsemi!

Georg Mohr

12

TO THE PRESS MEDIAPRESS CENTRE

Address: Festivalna Dvorana hall, Cesta svobode 11, BledOpening hours: 10.00 am – 10.00 pmTelephone number: +386 4 535 81 30Fax number: +386 4 535 87 30

The Press Centre is open for all accredited journalists only.The Press Centre will dispose of video equipment for live broadcasts of the competition, TV set and daily newspa-pers in different languages.

At the Press Centre you have available the following technical equipment:· 35 personal computers with the Windows 2000 operating system and a direct Internet connection· 24 work stations for notebooks, of which 19 with standard telephone connections for modems and four ISDN

telephone connections· 3 fax machines, with the possibility of sending faxes abroad· 10 telephones, with the possibility of making international calls· 10 analogue lines for notebooks· 2 network printers

Telephone calls and fax services can be paid for at the Press Centres itself.

All journalists will receive a list of names and contacts for getting into touch with the coaches of individual chessteams. Through them, they will be able to contact individual players.Chess players can be approached and contacted in the mixed zone, located in the first floor of the south exten-sion of the Sports Hall (labelled with MN)

Information on the latest results of the competition, and current developments and events will be available inthe daily issues of the Olympic Bulletin (in print and electronic form) and on the Press Centre notice board andon the www.35chessolympiad.com.

PHOTO RESTRICTIONS

Only photographers and camera crews, authorised by the organiser, may work in the playing venue.

To enter the playing area (this is the place where the games are played) photographers and all members of acamera crew need to wear visibly the special badges provided by the organiser.

During the first 15 minutes of each round photographers and camera crews may work in the playing area inareas designed by the chief arbiter.

After this period of 15 minutes, film or televison cameras and recording instruments may be brought into thespectator area, installed and operated, only by special permission of the organiser. Televison cameras must beunobtrusive and may only be used if the chief arbiter deems their use to be unobstrusive.

Flash and extra light are only permitted during the first 15 minutes.

www.35ChessOlympiad.com

13

TO THE PLAYERSTECHNICAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR ARBITERS AND PLAYERS

All the games of the Olympiad will be played on electronic chess boards. All moves made on all boards will be registered by the boards-to-computer system and translated further for game display on the World Wide Web and on the screens in the playing hall. Please, take thisfact into consideration. Playing on electronic chessboards does not require a special approach, but some care should be taken to ensurecorrect and effective functioning of the system.

1. Misplaced PiecesBoard may fail to register a move if a piece was placed partially out of its destination field. Regularly, it means that the game registrationcannot be continued and the Web displays stops. This shall not be a problem if the operators notice it promptly and inform the arbiters ofthe necessity to correct the positioning. Therefore, the arbiters are at power to correct the positioning of pieces. However, this should bedone without creating any disturbances to players.

2. Time ControlTime Control shall be 90 moves for the whole game. Each player shall receive an extra 30 seconds thinking time after each move played,commencing from the first move.

3. ScoresheetsFor recording the game we have 3 scoresheets. The last scoresheet belongs to player. The two other scoresheets must be given after thegame to the sector arbiter.

Before the start of the game the deputy chief arbiter will write the code of the game on the scoresheet: M/W - Round# - Match# - Board#.For instance: M04113 means: this is the scoresheet of the game played in the men’s section, round 4, match 11, board 3.

The players themselves will write the names on the scoresheet.

When the game has been finished the result of the game must be written on the scoresheet, the players and the match arbiter will sign thescoresheets.

4. The result sheets (protocols)The match arbiter writes the result of every game and the match on the result sheet. At the end of the match the two captains and thematch arbiter must sign the result sheet and the match arbiter brings this to sector arbiter.

Be careful: If the result of the second or fourth board is 1-0, you must write 0-1 on the result sheet. If the result on board 2 or 4 is 0-1,please write 1-0 on the result sheet.

5. The team captainsA captain is entitled to advise the players of his team to make or accept an offer of a draw or to resign a game. He must confine himself togive only brief information, based only on any number of circumstances pertaining to the match. He may say to player, “offer a draw”, or“accept the draw”, or “resign the game”. The captain should abstain from any intervention during the play. He should not give any informa-tion to the player concerning the position on the board, nor consult any other person as to state of the game, just as players are subject tothe same prohibitions.

6. The conclusion of the gameThere are games played on electronic boards. At the moment a game finishes the arbiter must go to the board and he has to keep the finalposition on the board. It is forbidden to analyse on the electronic chessboards. Notice: do not put the pieces in the initial position.

To save the game the arbiter has to act in the following way:

When White won the game (1-0), he has to place the white king on e4 and the black king on d5.

When Black won the game (0-1), he has to place the white king on d4 and the black king on e5.

In case of a draw (0.5-0.5), he has to place the white king on e4 and the black king on e4.Internet access for all players

Internet access for all players

We are informing all players that they have the possibility of free Internet access at the School for Hotel Man-agement and Tourism on Pre{ernova 22, every day between 9 am and 8 pm. They will be only too glad togive you directions at every hotel reception desk or at the Information centre in the Festival hall.

Each and every captain of the national chess team will receive one issue of each number of the daily Olympiadbulletin. Ask at the information centre.

All accredited reporters can obtain their issue of the daily bulletin at the Press centre in the Festival hall.

14

OBVESTILO NOVINARJEMNOVINARSKO SREDI[^E

Naslov: Festivalna Dvorana, Cesta svobode 11, BledObratovalne ure: 10.00 - 22.00Telefon: +386 4 535 81 30Fax: +386 4 535 87 30

Novinarsko sredi{~e je odprto zgolj za akreditirane novinarje.Novinarsko sredi{~e bo razpolagalo z video opremo za prenose turnirja v ‘ivo, TV ekranom in dnevnim~asopisjem v razli~nih jezikih.

V novinarskem sredi{~u so vam na voljo naslednji tehni~ni pripomo~ki:

– 35 osebnih ra~unalnikov z operacijskim sistemom Windows 2000 in direktno Internet povezavo– 24 delovnih mest za prenosnike od katerih jih ima 19 standardno telefonsko povezavo za modem, {tiri mesta

pa imajo ISDN telefonske priklju~ke– 3 faxi z mo‘nostjo po{iljanja faksov v tujino– 10 telefonskih aparatov z mo‘nostjo mednarodnih klicev– 10 analognih linij za prenosnike– 2 mre‘na tiskalnika

Ra~une za telefonske klice in fax storitve lahko poravnate v samem novinarskem sredi{~u.

Vsi novinarji bodo prejeli seznam imen in kontaktov, da bodo lahko stopili v kontakt z trenerji posameznih{ahovskih ekip. Skozi njih bodo lahko pri{li tudi do posameznih igralcev. Igralcem se lahko pristopi v me{ani zoni,ki se nahaja v prvem nadstropju ju‘nega prizidka [portne dvorane (ozna~eno z MN).

Informacije o najnovej{ih rezultatih turnirja in teko~i razpleti ter dogodki bodo objavljeni v dnevnih izdajahOlimpijskega biltena (v tiskani in elektronski obliki), na oglasni deski v novinarskem sredi{~u in na internet strani:www.35chessolympiad.com.

Omejitev fotografiranja

Zgolj fotografi in snemalne ekipe, ki so poobla{~eni s strani organizatorja lahko delujejo znotraj igralne hale.

Za vstop v igralno halo (tam kjer se igrajo igre) morajo vsi fotografi in snemalne ekipe imeti jasno vidnepriponke, ki jih je razdelil organizator.

Prvih 15 minut vsakega kroga lahko fotografi in snemalne ekipe snemajo v igralni hali, vendar zgolj v delih, ki jihdolo~i glavni sodnik.

Po tem obdobju petnajstih minut, se lahko fotoaparate, televizijske kamere in ostale snemalne pripomo~keprenese v gledali{ko zono, kjer se jih lahko in{talira in pusti delovati, vendar zgolj z posebnim dovoljenjemorganizatorja. Televizijske kamere morajo biti nemote~e in se jih lahko uporabi le ~e glavni sodnik smatra da jenjihova uporaba nemote~a.

Bliskavice in dodatna osvetljava se lahko uporablja zgolj v prvih 15. minutah.

Od danes naprej je tiskovno sredi{~e odprto do 22.30.

www.35ChessOlympiad.com

15

OBVESTILO IGRALCEMTEHNI^NA OBVESTILA SODNIKOM IN IGRALCEM

Vse partije na olimpiadi se bodo igrale na elektronskih {ahovnicah. Vsi premiki na vseh {ahovnicah bodo registrirani na sistemu {ahovnica-ra~unalnik in prevedeni za prikaz partije na svetovnem spletu in ekranih v igralni hali. Prosimo, da upo{tevate to dejstvo. Igranje naelektronskih {ahovnicah ne zahteva posebnega pristopa, toda nekaj pozornosti je nujno, da se zagotovi pravilno in u~inkovito delovanjesistema.

1. Nepravilno polo‘ene figure

Obstaja mo‘nost, da {ahovnica ne bo upo{tevala premika, ~e je figura bila postavljena deloma izven svojega destinacijskega polja. Topomeni, da se partija ne more ve~ zapisovati in prenos na svetovnem spletu se bo prenehal. To ne bo problem, ~e bodo operaterji to opazilipravo~asno in informirali sodnike, tako da lahko le-ti popravijo pozicijo figure. Se pravi, da imajo sodniki pooblastilo, da popravijo pozicijofigur. Toda, ta premik mora biti storjen na na~in, ki nikakor ne moti ali ovira igralce.

2. ^asovna kontrola

^asovna kontrola bo 90 potez za celotno igro. Vsak igralec bo dobil dodatnih 30 sekund za razmislek po vsaki odigrani potezi, za~en{i sprvo.

3. Razpredelnice partije

Za zapisovanje partije imamo 3 razpredelnice. Zadnja razpredelnica pripada igralcu. Ostali dve razpredelnici morata biti oddani sektorskemusodniku po kon~ani partiji.

Pred za~etkom partije bo namestnik glavnega sodnika napisal kodo partije na razpredelnico: M/W – Krog#-Tekma#-[ahovnica#. Na primer:M04113 pomeni: to je razpredelnica za partijo odigrano v mo{ki konkurenci, krog 4, Tekma 11, {ahovnica 3.

Igralci bodo sami napisali svoja imena v razpredelnico.

Po kon~ani partiji mora biti rezultat partije napisan na razpredelnico, ki mora biti podpisana s strani igralcev in sodnika tekme.

4. Razpredelnice rezultatov

Sodnik tekme vpi{e rezultate vseh partij in tekem v razpredelnico. Na koncu tekme mora biti ta razpredelnica podpisana s strani obehkapetanov mo{tva in sodnika tekme, ki potem nese razpredelnico sodniku sektorja.

Pozor: ^e je rezultat na drugi ali ~etrti {ahovnici 1-0, morate vpisati 0-1 v razpredelnico. ^e je rezultat na {ahovnici 2 ali 4 0-1, prosimovpi{ite 1-0 v razpredelnico.

5. Kapetani mo{tevKapetan ima pravico priporo~iti igralcem svojega mo{tva da sprejmejo ali ponudijo remi ali pa predajo partijo. Pri tem lahko poda zgoljnajpomembnej{e informacije, ki se nana{ajo zgolj na okoli{~ine, ki se ti~ejo tekme. Lahko svetuje igralcu »ponudi remi«, »sprejmi remi« ali»predaj partijo«. Kapetan naj se vzdr‘i kakr{nihkoli intervencij med igro. Ni mu dovoljeno podajati kakr{nihkoli informacij, ki bi se tikalepozicije na {ahovnici, igralcu, niti se posvetovati s tretjo osebo o stanju partije, na isti na~in kot je to prepovedano igralcem.

6. Konec igre

Te partije so igrane na elektronskih {ahovnicah. V trenutku ko je partije konec, mora sodnik pristopiti do {ahovnice, da zadr‘i kon~no pozicijofigur na {ahovnici. Analiziranje na elektronskih {ahovnicah je prepovedano. Pozor: Ne postavljajte figur v prvotno pozicijo.

Za shranitev partije mora sodnik storiti slede~e:

V primeru zmage belega igralca (1-0) mora postaviti belega kralja na E4 in ~rnega kralja na D5.V primeru zmage ~rnega igralca (0-1) mora postaviti belega kralja na D4 in ~rnega kralja na E5.V primeru remija (0.5-0.5) mora postaviti belega kralja na E4 in ~rnega kralja na E4.

Dostop do interneta – Internet cafe

Vse igralce obve{~amo, da imajo mo‘nost zastonj dostopa do interneta v Vi{ji strokovni {oli za gostinstvo inturizem, Pre{ernova 22, vsak dan od 9.00 do 20.00. Tja vas bodo znali napotiti v vsaki recepciji hotela in vinfo sredi{~u v Festivalni dvorani.

En izvod posamezne {tevilke olimpijskega biltena dobijo vsi kapetani {ahovskih reprezentanc.

Vsi akreditirani novinarji lahko svoj izvod dnevnega biltena dvignejo v novinarskem sredi{~u v Festivalni dvorani.

16

3ST ROUND BULLETIN28 October 2002

PUBLISHER: 35TH CHESS OLYMPIAD ORGANISATION COMMITTEEEDITOR: BORIS KUTINTRANSLATION: MARTIN CREGEEN, SUN^AN STONEPROOF-READING: MATEJA JARCDESIGN: STUDIO ZODIAKPRE-PRESS: DELO REPRO d.o.o.PRINTING: TISKARNA DOM@ALE 2002CIRCULATION: 2.000 COPIES

BILTEN 3. KOLA28. oktober 2002

IZDAJATELJ: ORGANIZACIJSKI ODBOR 35. [AHOVSKE OLIMPIADEUREDNIK: BORIS KUTINPREVOD: MARTIN CREGEEN, SUN^AN STONELEKTURA: MATEJA JARCOBLIKOVANJE: STUDIO ZODIAKPRELOM IN IZDELAVA FILMOV: DELO REPRO d.o.o.TISK: TISKARNA DOM@ALE 2002NAKLADA: 2.000 IZVODOV

BLED 2002

www.35ChessOlympiad.com

OFFICIAL OLYMPIC SOUVENIRS / URADNI OLIMPIJSKI SPOMINKI

PRICE LIST / CENIK

SILVER COIN / SREBRNIK 6.900.- SIT 30 EUR

CHESS ENVELOPE WITH OLYMPIC STAMP 600.- SIT 2,5 EURPISEMSKE OVOJNICE

DAILY OLYMPIC BULLETIN 600.- SIT 2,5 EURDNEVNI OLIMPIJSKI BILTENI

OLYMPIC BULLETIN 1.000.- SIT 4,5 EUROLIMPIJSKI BILTEN

Souvenirs can be bought in:– Info centre in Festival Hall– Info centre in Sport Hall– Tent besides Sport Hall

Spominki lahko kupite:– v info centru v Festivalni dvorani,– pred info centrom v [portni dvorani,– na prodajnem mestu v {otoru.