Rainfall Structure of Thar “The Great Indian Desert”

S. S. Singh, Mukesh Chauhan & Roop Narayan Kumawat

Meteorological Centre, Jaipur India Meteorological Department

New Delhi

DOCUMENT AND DATA CONTROL SHEET

1 Title of the report Rainfall Structure of Thar- The great

Indian desert

2 Authors S. S. Singh, Mukesh Chauhan &

Roop Narayan Kumawat

3 Originating Unit RMC New Delhi and Meteorological

Centre, Jaipur

4 Type of Document Scientific Report

5 No. of pages and

figures 75 and 84

6 No. of references 10

7 Key words

Arithmetic Mean (AM), Coefficient of

variation (CV), Standard deviation (SD),

Percentage of departure from long

period average (% DEP), and Long

period average (LPA).

8 Security classification Unclassified

9 Distribution Unrestricted

10 Date of Publication April, 2014

11 Abstract

The report contains daily, weekly,

monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall

summaries for different districts of the

Thar Desert of Rajasthan. The seasonal

statement contains the monthly rainfall

distribution, extremes and its variability.

The probability of occurrence of wet and

dry weeks is also described in detail.

CONTENTS

Chapter I Geography and Physiography 1

Chapter II General Climate 12

Chapter III Rainfall features 17

Chapter IV Winter Season 29

Chapter V Summer Season 31

Chapter VI Monsoon Season 33

Chapter VII Post Monsoon Season 39

Chapter VIII Rainfall Features Annual 41

Chapter IX Extreme Rainfall 50

Chapter X Tables 66

Foreword

The most parts of South West Rajasthan are part of Thar Desert. The economy of this region is mainly dependent upon agriculture and animal husbandry. The total annual rainfall of this region is also significantly less than the other parts of the state. Its geographical location is such that this region is mostly dependent upon rain water. The other sources of water like rivers, lakes and water reservoirs / dams, etc, are almost nil in the region. This region has lowest annual normal rainfall in the country. The period of monsoon over this region is shortest (two months) in the whole country. Most parts of this region receive very little rain and it has a large variability on temporal and spatial scale. Drinking and other water requirements for living beings are basically fulfilled with rain water only. Kharif crops are totally rain fed in the region and production varies with the amount and frequency of rainfall. Rain is thus the primary and most important source for survival. Bearing the above facts in mind, it becomes essential to know the rainfall features over the “Indian Thar region”. These features are important tools for planning purposes in various disciplines like water management, agriculture operations, industrial development, etc. The present booklet is an effort to summarise the district wise rainfall features of the Thar Desert.

The report contains daily, weekly, monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall summaries for different districts of the Thar Desert of Rajasthan. The seasonal statement contains the monthly rainfall distribution, extremes and its variability. The probability of occurrence of wet and dry weeks is also described in detail.

I appreciate the authors for their valued contribution in bringing out this Monograph “Thar Desert of Rajasthan”. I am sure people of the region, the state administrators and the planners will find this publication very useful.

April, 2014 L. S. Rathore New Delhi Director General of Meteorology

India Meteorological Department

Summary

The most parts of South West Rajasthan are part of Thar Desert.

This region has lowest annual normal rainfall in the country its geographical

location is such that this region is mostly dependent upon rain water. The

period of monsoon over this region is shortest (two months) in the whole

country. Drinking and other water requirements for living beings are

basically fulfilled with rain water only. Kharif crops are totally rain fed in

the region and production varies with the amount and frequency of rainfall.

Rain is thus the primary and most important source for survival. The report

contains daily, weekly, monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall

summaries for different districts of the Thar Desert of Rajasthan. The

seasonal statement contains the monthly rainfall distribution,

extremes and its variability. The probability of occurrence of wet and

dry weeks is also described in detail. These features are important tools

for planning purposes in various disciplines like water management,

agriculture operations, industrial development, etc.

1

CHAPTER - I

=======================================================================

Geography and Physiography

Location

1.1 The Thar Desert of Rajasthan, also known as the Great Indian Desert is a large

arid region in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent and forms a natural

boundary running along the border between India and Pakistan with an area of more

than 100,000 km2 within the Indian state of Rajasthan and covering mainly the districts

of Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner and Jodhpur and some region of the states of Punjab

and Haryana. It extends from the Sutlej river and is surrounded by the Aravali ranges

on the east, on the south by the salt marsh known as the Great Rann of Kutch (parts of

which are sometimes included in the Thar), and on the west by the Indus river in

Pakistan. Its boundary to the large thorny steppe to the north is ill-defined. It lies mostly

in Rajasthan and extends into the southern portion of Haryana and Punjab states and

into northern Gujarat state.

Fig.1.1 The position of Thar Desert Fig.1.2 The position of Thar Desert

2

Physiography and Geology

1.2 The Thar Desert slopes imperceptibly towards the Indus plain and surface

unevenness is mainly due to sand dunes. The dunes in the south are higher, sometimes

rising upto 152 m whereas in the north they are lower and rise to 16 m above the ground

level. The Aravali forms the main landmark to the south-east of Thar Desert. The soils of

this region are sandy to sandy-loam in texture. The consistency and depth varies

according to the topographical features. Some of these soils contain a high percentage

of soluble salts in the lower horizons, turning water in the wells poisonous.

Origin

1.3 The origin of the Thar Desert is a controversial subject. Some consider it to be

4000 to 10,000 years old, whereas others state that aridity started in this region much

earlier. Another theory states that area turned to desert recently perhaps around 2000 -

1500 BC. Around this time the Ghaggar-Hakra ceased to be a major river. It now

terminates in the desert but at one time was a water source for the Indus Valley

Civilization centre of Mohen-jo-daro. It has been observed through remote sensing

techniques that Late Quaternary climatic changes and geotectonic changes have played

a significant role in modifying the drainage courses in this part and a large number of

palaeo-channels exist.

1.4 Most studies did not share the opinion that the palaeochannels of the

Sarasvati river coincide with the bed of the present-day Ghaggar and believe that the

Sutlej along with the Yamuna once flowed into the present riverbed. It has been

postulated that the Sutlej was the main tributary of the Ghaggar and that subsequently

the tectonic movements might have forced the Sutlej westwards, the Yamuna eastwards

and thus dried up the Ghaggar-Hakra.

3

Thar in Ancient Literature

Fig. 1.3 The position of Thar Desert Fig.1.4 Course of Sarasvati River through

(Yellow colour) Thar Desert in Iron Age Vedic India

1.5 The Sarasvati river is one of the chief Rigvedic rivers mentioned in ancient

Hindu texts. The Nadistuti hymn in the Rigveda (10.75) mentions the Sarasvati between

the Yamuna in the east and the Sutlej in the west, and later Vedic texts like Tandya and

Jaiminiya Brahmanas as well as the Mahabharata mention that the Sarasvati dried up in

a desert.

Agriculture

1.6 The Thar is one of most heavily populated desert areas in the world and the

main occupation of people living here is agriculture and animal husbandry. Because of

the large variability in rainfall on temporal and spatial scale, agriculture is not a

dependable proposition in this area as after the rainy season, at least 33% of crops fail.

Animal husbandry, trees and grasses, intercropped with vegetables or fruit trees, is the

4

most viable model for arid and drought-prone regions. The region faces frequent

droughts. Overgrazing due to high animal populations, wind and water erosion, mining

and other industries result in serious land degradation.

Fig. 1.5 Bajra is the main kharif crop in Thar

1.7 The agricultural production is mainly from the Kharif crops. The Kharif crops

are the crops that are seeded in the months of June and July and grown in the rainy

season. These crops are harvested in September and October and include bajra, pulses

such as guar, jowar (Sorghum vulgare), maize (zea mays), sesame and groundnuts. In

past few decades the development of canals, tube wells etc. has changed crop pattern.

Now the desert districts in Rajasthan have started producing Rabi crops like wheat,

mustard, cumin seed and other cash crops also. Thar region of Rajasthan is the main

opium producer and consumer area.

5

Livestock

Fig.1.6 Camel ride in the Thar Desert near Jaisalmer

1.8 In the last few years, the Rajasthan desert has seen many changes, including

a manifold increase of both the human and animal population. Animal husbandry has

become popular due to the difficult farming conditions. At present, there are ten times

more animals per person in Rajasthan than the national average, and overgrazing is

also a factor affecting the environment. A large number of farmers in Thar Desert

depend on animal husbandry for their livelihood. Cow, buffalo, sheep, goats, camel and

ox consist of major cattle population. Barmer district has the highest cattle population

out of which sheep and goats are in majority. Thar region of Rajasthan is the biggest

wool-producing area in India. Of the total wool production in India, 40-50% comes from

Rajasthan. The most important tree species in terms of providing a livelihood in Thar

Desert communities is Procopius cineraria.

Energy

1.9 The Thar Desert is an ideal place for generation of electricity from wind power.

According to an estimate, Rajasthan state has got a potential of 5500 Megawatt wind

power generation. Solar energy also has a great potential in this region as most of the

days during a year are cloud free.

6

Salt Water Lakes

1.10 There are a number of salt water lakes in Thar Desert. These are Sambhar,

Pachpadra, Tal Chhapar, Phalodi and Lunkaransar where Sodium chloride salt is

produced from salt water whereas Didwana lake produces Sodium Sulphate salt.

People

Fig.1.7 Huts in the Thar Desert

1.11 About 40% of the total population of Rajasthan state lives in Thar Desert. The

main occupation of the people in this region is agriculture and animal husbandry. In

past years there has been a tremendous increase in human population as well as animal

population. This has led to improper control of grazing and extensive cultivation

resulting in the deterioration of vegetation resources. The increase of human and

livestock population in the desert has led to deterioration in the ecosystem resulting in

degradation of soil fertility. The Thar Desert is the most densely populated desert in the

world, with a population density of 83 people per km2 v/s 7 in other deserts. Jodhpur,

the largest city in the region, lies in the scrub forest zone. Bikaner and Jaisalmer are

located in the desert proper.

7

Water Sources

Fig. 1.8 Johads are common water sources Fig. 1.9 Tanks for drinking water

Fig. 1.10 Course of River Luni

8

Fig. 1.11 River Map of Rajasthan

1.12 Natural (tobas) or man-made (johads), both types of small, intermittent ponds,

are often the only source of water for animals and humans in the true desert areas. The

river Luni is the only natural water source that drains inside a lake in the desert. It

originates in the Pushkar valley of the Aravali Range, near Ajmer and ends in the

marshy lands of Rann of Kutch in Gujarat, after travelling a distance of 530 km. It is a

rainy season river.

1.13 In the recent developments, the Rajasthan Canal system is the major irrigation

scheme of the Thar Desert which helps to check spreading of the desert to fertile areas.

It is world's largest irrigation system which is being extended in an attempt to make the

desert arable. It runs south-southwest in Punjab and Haryana but mainly in Rajasthan

9

for a total of 650 kilometers and ends near Jaisalmer, in Rajasthan. After the

construction of the Indira Gandhi Canal, irrigation facilities were available over an area

of 6770 km² in Jaisalmer district and 37 km² in Barmer district. The canal has

transformed the barren desert of this district into rich and lush fields. Crops of mustard,

cotton, and wheat now flourish in this semi-arid western region replacing the sand there

previously. Besides providing water for agriculture, the canal also supplies drinking

water to hundreds of people in the desert areas. Map showing Thar Desert of Rajasthan

along with different districts is shown in Fig.1.12 and District wise stations maps of this

region are shown in Fig.1.13.

Fig.1.12 Location Map of Thar Desert of Rajasthan

10

Jaisalmer Barmer

Jodhpur Bikaner

Fig.1.13 Stations maps of different districts of Thar Desert

11

District wise area of Thar Desert is given as follows :-

S. No. District/Region Area in sq. km. % Area

1 Jaisalmer 38401 32

2 Jodhpur 22850 19

3 Barmer 28387 24

4 Bikaner 30248 25

Thar Desert of Rajasthan 119886 100

1.14 The Rajasthan desert which forms a major portion of the Thar Desert is the

biggest desert in India and encompasses mainly the districts of Jaisalmer, Barmer,

Bikaner and Jodhpur. In fact the Rajasthan Desert comprises the desert triangle of three

cities - Jaisalmer, Bikaner and Jodhpur. This desert is spread over 119886 sq.km.

(approx.) of area and is 35% of the total area of the state. Jaisamer district covers the

largest (32%) and Jodhpur district the least (19%) desert area. Other two districts

namely Bikaner and Barmer districts cover about 25% and 24% area, respectively.

12

CHAPTER - II

==============================================================================

General Climate

General climate of Thar Desert of Rajasthan is dry and hot. Mainly three

seasons namely summer, rainy and winter are observed over the region. Summer

season generally starts from the mid March and continues up to the end of June. May

and June are the peak summer months. During summers, days are very hot and longer.

Day maximum temperatures range between 45 deg. Celsius and 49 deg. Celsius on

many days. However, summer nights are quite pleasant because of its soil

characteristics. The ever recorded maximum temperature (49.4 deg.cel.) of this region

was observed at Bikaner on 28th May 1914. Night temperatures significantly drop as

compared to the day temperatures. Heat wave and hot day conditions are observed on

many occasions over this region. Strong and dust raising hot winds during afternoon

hours are the common feature during peak summer period. Due to large scale heating

during summer months, a low pressure area develops over the region called the “heat

low” which prevails up to the end of monsoon season. Due to formation of strong

pressure gradient and neighborhood, strong dust raising winds called “ANDHIS” are

observed on a few occasions over this region. The effect of these “ANDHIS” is also

observed over other parts of the state as well as the neighboring states of the country

namely Haryana, Punjab, UP, Delhi and West MP. The day time visibility drops

considerably during these weather events affecting the normal activities in different

fields. However, these weather events bring a relief from higher day temperatures.

During the summer season, days are very dry as humidity drops below 20%. At the end

of summer season (June end), due to incursion of moisture from Arabian Sea, high

temperatures and unstable atmosphere conditions prevail over the region. Dust storm /

Thunder storm activities associated with light to moderate rainfall are a common feature

during afternoon hours. On some occasions, strong winds with gale force are also

observed damaging the infrastructures at many places. These activities continue till the

onset of monsoon. Summer prevails for a longer duration than other seasons.

13

Monsoon generally sets over the region in the beginning of July and lasts up

to the end of August. Rains are observed only for two months (July and August).

Monsoon sets over Kerala coast around 1st June and is last to reach this region

(around 1st July). On the other hand, the withdrawal of monsoon commences first from

this region (around 1st September). 97% of the annual rainfall is observed during

monsoon season with a highest variability in the country. The annual (251 mm) over the

Thar Desert is also least in the country. The cumulative seasonal monsoon rainfall over

Thar Desert during recent 56 years (1957-2012) is shown in fig. 6.3.1.

Generally, monsoon withdraws from the region during middle of September.

Afterwards, day and night temperatures again start rising and the hot conditions prevail

up to the end of October, although the weather during this period (middle of September

to October) becomes comparatively hot and dry with clear sky. The day temperatures

range 35 to 40 deg. Celsius. A high pressure area develops over this region in the lower

troposphere and the moisture incursion from Arabian Ocean stops during this period

resulting in clear sky conditions. Weather during November is quite pleasant from

tourist point of view.

Winter conditions start developing over the region during the beginning of

November month and as a result day and night temperatures start falling slowly over

the region. The peak winter conditions are observed during December and January.

Winter is also very chilly over most parts of the Thar Desert. The minimum temperature

even drops below freezing level on some occasions. The lowest minimum temperature

of -5.9 deg. Celsius was observed at Jaisalmer on 12th January 1967. The average

minimum temperature during winter months is less than 10 deg. Celsius. Winters are

also extreme over the region and generally continue up to the middle of February.

After middle of February, the day and night temperatures again start rising

slowly. Weather during March month becomes pleasant from the tourist point of view.

Weather during November and March months over Thar Desert attracts a lot of local and

international tourists for a visit to the region. Mean monthly and extreme maximum /

minimum temperatures and rainfall features over different parts of the region are shown

14

in Fig. 2.1 Monthly temperatures, rainfall and rainy day patterns are almost similar over

different parts of the desert. However, rainfall decreases gradually as we move

westwards and thus Jaisalmer district gets the least average rainfall (159 mm) and

Jodhpur district gets the highest (270 mm) during monsoon season.

Fig. 2.1 Normal minimum, maximum temperatures, rainfall and rainy days of Thar Desert of Rajasthan

15

Stations Extreme Temperatures in Degree Celsius.

Highest Lowest

Jaisalmer 49.2 ( 4th June 1991 ) - 5.9 ( 12 Jan. 1967)

Bikaner 49.4 (28th May1914 ) - 4.0 ( 26 Jan 1964)

Barmer 49.1 ( 7th June 2011 ) - 1.7 ( 15 Jan. 1935 )

Jodhpur 48.9 ( 25th May 1932 ) - 2.2 ( 31 Jan 1905 )

2.1 Data Used

Daily rainfall data for the period 1957-2012 (56 years) of 30 rain - gauge

stations (listed below), functioning under the state Government and India

Meteorological Department at station and sub station levels has been used to define the

rainfall features of Thar Desert of Rajasthan. Each station is represented by at least one

rain gauge station. The district rainfall of different temporal scales has been worked out

as the simple average of all stations level rain gauge. The rainfall features of the whole

region are based upon the area weighted average district rainfalls.

S. No.

Districts/Stations

Jodhpur Bikaner Barmer Jaisalmer

1 Jodhpur Bikaner Barmer Jaisalmer

2 Phalodi Lunkaransar Chohtan Fatehgarh

3 Bilara Kolayat Pachpadra Pokran

4 Shergarh Nokha Sheo Ramgarh

5 Osian Chattargarh Siwana Sam

6 Bhopalgarh Dungargarh Baitu Nokh

7 Jaswant Sagar Pugal Gudamalani

8 Luni Khajuwala Ramsar

16

Fig. 2.2 Raingauge stations of Thar Desert of Rajasthan

17

CHAPTER- III

==============================================================================

Rainfall Features

3.1 Rainfall

In this chapter daily, weekly, monthly and seasonal features of rainfall over

Thar Desert have been described.

3.1.1 Daily Rainfall Description

Daily district wise normal rainfall is shown in Fig.3.1.1.1 which shows that

rainfall is insignificant during the period from January to end of May and middle of

September to end of the year. The highest daily normal value of the order of 5 to 6

mm is observed around 190th to 215th day of the year. The rainfall increases from

beginning of July and attains its peak value around 190thto 215th day and then starts

decreasing up to end of September. A drastic decrease in rainfall takes place after the

300th day and there are occasional spells of rain during rest days of the year.

Jaisalmer Bikaner

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1

18

35

52

69

86

10

3

12

0

13

7

15

4

17

1

18

8

20

5

22

2

23

9

25

6

27

3

29

0

30

7

32

4

34

1

35

8

Rai

nfa

ll (

mm

)

Days

NORMAL RAINFALL

0

1

2

3

4

5

1

19

37

55

73

91

10

9

12

7

14

5

16

3

18

1

19

9

21

7

23

5

25

3

27

1

28

9

30

7

32

5

34

3

36

1

Rai

nfa

ll (

mm

)

Days

18

Barmer Jodhpur

Fig. 3.1.1.1 Daily normal rainfall over different parts of Thar Desert

Daily district wise normal rainfall distribution in different range is shown

in Fig.3.1.1.2 which reveals that in about 70 to 74% cases the daily rainfall occurs

less than 5 mm ; in 13 to 16% cases it ranges between 5 to 10 mm and in 6 to 7 %

cases it ranges between 15 to 20 mm. The daily rainfall exceeding 50 mm is rare.

However , there are cases when it was observed in the range of 50 to 150 mm and

even more also.

Jaisalmer Bikaner

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1

18

35

52

69

86

10

3

12

0

13

7

15

4

17

1

18

8

20

5

22

2

23

9

25

6

27

3

29

0

30

7

32

4

34

1

35

8

Rai

nfa

ll (

mm

)

Days

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 19

37

55

73

91

10

9

12

7

14

5

16

3

18

1

19

9

21

7

23

5

25

3

27

1

28

9

30

7

32

5

34

3

36

1

Rai

nfa

ll (

mm

)

Days

73.8%

12.8%

6.2%

3.1% 3.7% 0.2%0.1%

0<R<=5 5<R<=10 10<R<=15 15<R<=20

70%

16%

6%3% 4%

1%0%

0%

19

Barmer Jodhpur

Fig.3.1.1.2 Daily rainfall distribution in different ranges over different districts of Thar Desert of India

3.1.2 Weekly Rainfall Description

Weekly normal rainfall over Thar Desert gradually increases from 24th week to

29th week and then gradually decreases up to 42nd week (Fig. 3.1.2.1). A sudden

increase in weekly rainfall during 33th and 36th week is also observed. The highest (21

mm) rainfall is observed during 29th week (first week of August). The weekly rainfall

decreases drastically even to less than 2 mm from 40th week (1st week of October)

onward. This trend continues up to the 20th week (end of May). Weekly rainfall during

peak monsoon season varies between 12 to 21 mm. During Monsoon season weekly

rainfall attains its highest value during 5 weeks time (9 mm during 25th week to 21 mm

during 29th week) while abatement takes place in 10 weeks time (21 mm during 29th

week to 4 mm during 39th week). District wise weekly normal rainfall over the Indian

Thar Desert and its parts is shown in figure 3.1.2.1

73.8%

12.8%

6.2%

3.1%3.7% 0.2%

0.1%

71%

14%

7%

3% 5%0%

0%

0%

20

000011100001111011112

42

6

910

1719

23

1919

2424

17

12

17

12

442

12100

1110000

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1 3 5 7 91

11

31

51

71

92

12

32

52

72

93

13

33

53

73

94

14

34

54

74

95

1

Rai

nfa

ll (

mm

)

Weeks

01001010100011101112233

7

1011

23

20

2426

2325

23

171718

13

34

1121100

110001

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1 3 5 7 91

11

31

51

71

92

12

32

52

72

93

13

33

53

73

94

14

34

54

74

95

1

Weeks

Fig.3.1.2.1 Weekly normal rainfall over Thar Desert.

Jaisalmer Bikaner

Barmer Jodhpur

Fig.3.1.2 .2 Weekly normal rainfall over different parts of Thar Desert of Rajasthan

000001111011011

01011

4

2

45

78

11

13

14

1314

12

18

9

8

11

6

32

10

2

0000000001

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

1 3 5 7 9 11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

37

39

41

43

45

47

49

51

Weeks

000001111011011

01011

4

2

45

78

11

13

14

1314

12

18

9

8

11

6

32

10

2

0000000001

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

1 3 5 7 91

11

31

51

71

92

12

32

52

72

93

13

33

53

73

94

14

34

54

74

95

1

Weeks

21

3.1.3 Monthly Rainfall Description

Monthly normal rainfall distribution of Thar Desert is shown in Fig.3.1.3.1 and

Fig.3.1.3.2.These figures show that the highest monthly rainfall of 80 mm (32% of

annual rainfall ) is realized in July and 74 mm(29% of annual rainfall) rainfall is

observed during August. The total monthly rainfall is insignificant ( less than 11

mm ) in all other months of the year except monsoon months (June to September) .

The monthly rainfall during June and September is 30mm and 34 mm respectively. The

July and August are the main rainy months. Monthly rainfall is about 2% or less of the

annual rainfall in the each month during the period from October to April . It is 4%

in May.

Fig. 3.1.3.1 Fig. 3.1.3.2

(Monthly normal rainfall of Thar Desert of Rajasthan)

24 4 4

10

30

80

74

34

52 2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Rai

nfa

ll (

mm

)

Months

Fig. 3.1.3 .1 Monthly Normal Rainfall Thar Desert

Normal Rainfall

JAN1%

FEB2%

MAR1%

APR1% MAY

4%

JUN12%

JUL32%

AUG29%

SEP14%

OCT2%

NOV1%

DEC1%

Fig. 3.1.3.2 Monthly Rainfall Distribution Thar Desert

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN

JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

22

3.1.4 Seasonal / Annual Rainfall Description

Seasonal and annual normal rainfall distribution along with their variability

(in terms of Standard Deviation & Coefficient of Variation ) is shown in Fig. 3.1.4.1 and

Fig. 3.1.4.2 Total annual normal rainfall of Thar Desert is 251 mm with 38% coefficient of

variation (CV). Total rainfall during post monsoon season is lowest ( 7 mm ) among all

seasons. The rainfall is rather more in Summer (18 mm) and Winter (8 mm) seasons

than Post monsoon. A significant increase in rainfall is observed from summer ( 18

mm ) to monsoon season ( 218 mm ). The highest (CV 184 % ) rainfall variability is

observed in Post Monsoon season, while the lowest (CV 42 %) in Monsoon season.

About 90% of the annual rainfall is realised during the monsoon season. The

contribution of winter, summer and post monsoon season‟s rainfall is 3%, 4% and

3% respectively.

Fig.3.1.4.1 Fig.3.1.4.2

(Seasonal and annual normal rainfall of Thar Desert of Rajasthan)

818

218

7

251

817

91

14

95107

97

42

184

38

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Winter Summer Monsoon Post monsoon

Annual

Rai

nfa

ll (

mm

) &

var

iab

ility

in %

Seasons

Fig. 3.1.4.1 Seasonal/ Annual Rain and Variability over Thar Desert

Normal rain SD CV

Winter3%

Summer4%

Monsoon90%

Post monsoon

3%

Fig. 3.1.4.2 Seasonal Rainfall Distribution Thar Desert

Winter Summer Monsoon Post monsoon

23

5 13

271

8

297

6 16

123

17

129

123 120

45

217

44

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Winter Summer Monsoon Post monsoon

Annual

Rai

nfa

ll (

mm

) & v

aria

bili

ty i

n %

SeasonsJodhpur

The district wise seasonal, annual rainfall distribution and varibility in rainfall

are shown in Fig,3.1.4.3. The lowest (182 mm) annual rainfall is observed over

Jaisalmer district and the Highest (297 mm) over Jodhpur district. Bikaner (265 mm)and

Barmer(267 mm) districts receive almost same order of annual rainfall. Barmer district

shows larger rainfall variabilty during Summer (CV-134%), winter(CV-142%) and

Monsoon (CV-59%)season in comparision to other districts of the region. But during

post monsoon season,Bikaner district has largest rainfall variability among all districts.

Fig. 3.1.4.3 Seasonal / Annual Rainfall and their variability over different parts of Thar Desert

6 13

158

6

182

8 15

86

12

89

142

118

55

225

49

0

50

100

150

200

250

Winter Summer Monsoon Post monsoon

Annual

Rai

nfa

ll (

mm

) & v

aria

bili

ty in

%

SeasonsJaisalmer

Normal rain SD CV

1427

217

7

265

16

26

87

18

96113

98

40

237

36

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Winter Summer Monsoon Post monsoon

Annual

Rai

nfa

ll in

mm

&

var

iab

ility

in %

SeasonsBikaner

414

241

9

267

6

18

14

3

16

145153

134

59

177

54

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Winter Summer Monsoon Post monsoon

Annual

Rai

nfa

ll (

mm

) & v

ari

abili

ty i

n %

Seasons

Barmer

24

3.2 Rainy Days

Annual variation of rainy days is shown in Fig. 3.2.1. The annual rainy days

over Thar Desert are 88 days. The lowest (53) rainy days have been observed during

year 1969 while the highest (148) days during year 1979. The normal annual rainy days

over Jaisalmer, Bikaner, Barmer and Jodhpur districts are 35, 48, 43 and 59 days,

respectively. The lowest (15, 29, 21) rainy days were observed in Jaisalmer, Bikaner

and Barmer districts during the years 1969and 2002 both, respectively while Jodhpur

district observed lowest (18) rainy days during the year 2009. The highest (56, 74,66 &

117) rainy days were observed over Jaisalmer, Bikaner,Barmer and Jodhpur districts

during the years 1961, 1997,1994 and 1979, respectively.

Weekly normal rainy days are less than 1 day during the whole year

except the monsoon season. During 27th to 34th week the normal weekly rainy days

are about 2 to 3 days over Jaisalmer, Bikaner and Barmer districts while these are 3 to

4 days over Jodhpur district. On the other hand, there are instances during winter ,

summer and post Monsoon season when rainfall is observed on more than 5 days in a

week (6th,7th ,14th& 50th ) in Bikaner district and ( 13th , 15th , 47th , & 51th weeks ) in

Jodhpur district . Fig.3.2.2 & 3.2.3).

Fig. 3.2.1 Rainy days variability over Thar Desert

89

111

7272

109

938994

8576

115

6353

9384

61

83

62

99101

128117

148

87

103107112

7263

6865

9083

106

70

87

72

97

73

88

122

85

68

55

83

56

95

70

92

109101

93

71

111

99

86

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

19

57

19

58

19

59

19

60

19

61

19

62

19

63

19

64

19

65

19

66

19

67

19

68

19

69

19

70

19

71

19

72

19

73

19

74

19

75

19

76

19

77

19

78

19

79

19

80

19

81

19

82

19

83

19

84

19

85

19

86

19

87

19

88

19

89

19

90

19

91

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

20

12

Rai

ny

d

ays

Years

Rainy days (Rain > 0) Thar Desert Rainy days Mean

25

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

No

of

Day

s

Weeks Jaisalmer

max rainy days mean rainy days

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 3 5 7 9

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

37

39

41

43

45

47

49

51

No

of

Day

s

Weeks Bikaner

Fig.3.2.2 Rainy days variability over different districts of Thar Desert

47

51

2121

56

42

26

43

37

32

46

1615

38

30

21

28

24

44

40

45

4949

40

4447

51

31

181918

27

39

48

28

46

25

52

3738

52

36

1718

32

15

39

26

33

44

4038

27

52

4343

10

20

30

40

50

60

19

57

19

59

19

61

19

63

19

65

19

67

19

69

19

71

19

73

19

75

19

77

19

79

19

81

19

83

19

85

19

87

19

89

19

91

19

93

19

95

19

97

19

99

20

01

20

03

20

05

20

07

20

09

20

11

Rai

ny

day

s

Years

Jaisalmer Rainy days Mean

5051

3737

59

50

35

484748

69

38

29

61

46

30

45

34

6561

52

6159

41

5248

68

32

3841

31

4342

52

29

61

31

4140

48

74

4039

31

48

29

66

38

60

55

62

68

52

7069

59

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

19

57

19

59

19

61

19

63

19

65

19

67

19

69

19

71

19

73

19

75

19

77

19

79

19

81

19

83

19

85

19

87

19

89

19

91

19

93

19

95

19

97

19

99

20

01

20

03

20

05

20

07

20

09

20

11

Rai

ny

day

s

Years

Bikaner

38

51

4545

65

3940

49

33

26

56

21

25

50

2932

50

22

5758

50

54

43

37

5456

52

36

2627

21

49

44

65

24

43

30

66

3841

64

49

3129

47

23

50

37

47

61

49

3533

54

48

39

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

19

57

19

59

19

61

19

63

19

65

19

67

19

69

19

71

19

73

19

75

19

77

19

79

19

81

19

83

19

85

19

87

19

89

19

91

19

93

19

95

19

97

19

99

20

01

20

03

20

05

20

07

20

09

20

11

Rai

ny

d

ays

Years

Barmer

59

68

4242

72

6157

60

4848

80

3231

6158

40

70

45

85

63

116

67

117

46

666968

47

39

4746

6563

75

57

67

58

79

55

70

84

54

3635

59

38

61

45

53

6660

56

18

81

6559

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

19

57

19

59

19

61

19

63

19

65

19

67

19

69

19

71

19

73

19

75

19

77

19

79

19

81

19

83

19

85

19

87

19

89

19

91

19

93

19

95

19

97

19

99

20

01

20

03

20

05

20

07

20

09

20

11

Ra

iny

d

ays

Years

Jodhpur

26

Fig. 3.2.3 Weekly normal and maximum rainy days over different disticts of Thar Desert

3.3 Probability Distribution of Weekly Rainfall

The weekly probability distributionof rainfall over Thar Desert is shown in

Fig.3.3.1. The prbability of weekly rain less than 5 mm during the periods 1st to 20th

week and 39th to 52nd week is even less than 25%. During peak monsoon season,the

probability of weekly rain less than 5 mm is more than 75% ; between 11 and 17 mm

is about 50% and more than 17mm is only 25%.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8N

o

of

Day

s

Weeks Barmer

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

No

o

f D

ay

s

Weeks Jodhpur

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

Ave

rage

R

ain

fall

(m

m)

WeeksFig. 3.3.1 Weekly probability distribution of average rain over Thar Desert

25% probability of rain 50% probabilty of rain 75% Probability of rain 90 % probaility of rain

27

Year to year weekly rainfall distribtion over Thar Desert is shown in Fig. 3.3.2.

Out of 52 weeks in a year, normally 27 weeks get rainfall. The distribution among weeks

is: 17 weeks between 0.1 and 5 mm; 3 weeks between 5 and 10 mm; 2 weeks between 10

and 15 mm; 1 weeks between 15 and 20 mm; 3 weeks between 20 and 50 mm; 1 weeks

between 50 and 100 mm; 06 weeks between 100 and 150 mm and 1 week between 150

to 200 mm rainfall. The average weekly rainfall in different ranges is shown in

Fig.3.3.3. In about 49% cases the weekly rainfall observed is less than 5 mm. The

rainfall range is 5 to 10 mm in 11% cases ; 10 to 15 mm in 7% cases ; 15 to 20 mm in

5% cases ; 20 to 50 mm in 15% cases ; 50 to 100 mm in 10% ; 100 mm to 150 mm in 0.5

% cases and in 150 mm to 200 mm in only 0.1 % cases.

Fig. 3.3.2 Fig. 3.3.3

Weekly Probability distribution of dry ( rain < 5mm ) and wet ( rain > 5 mm )

weeks under different conditions is shown in Fig. 3.3.4. It can be concluded that

probability of occurance of dry weather during different weeks of winter, first half of

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

19

57

19

59

19

61

19

63

19

65

19

67

19

69

19

71

19

73

19

75

19

77

19

79

19

81

19

83

19

85

19

87

19

89

19

91

19

93

19

95

19

97

19

99

20

01

20

03

20

05

20

07

20

09

20

11

Wee

ks

YearsFig. 3.3.2 Weekly Rainfall Distribution

Thar Desert

Rain > 200 mm 150<Rain<200mm100<Rain < 150 mm 50<Rain < 100 mm20<Rain < 50 mm 15<Rain < 20 mm

49.4%11.0%

7.2%

5.0%

15.5%

9.7%

0.5%0.1%

Fig.3.3.3 Weekly Average Rainfall Distribution in Different Range over Thar Desert

0<R<=5 5<R<=10 10<R<=15 15<R<=20

20<R<=50 50<R<=100 100<R<=150 150<R<=200

28

summer and post monsoon seasons is more than 80% . Probability of two successive

wet weeks is less than 20% during these seasons. Chances of rainy weeks gradually

increases from 20% (22nd week) to more than 90% ( 30th week) . The probability of

wet week during July and August months lies between 90 to 100%. The chances of

two successive wet weeks is about 60 to 80% during these two months . The

probability of wet week when its preceding week is dry, is also very high ( more

than 90% ) during these two months. All these prbabilitites gradually decease after

33rd week onwards and become even less than 20% during 40th week.

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1 3 5 7 9 11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

37

39

41

43

45

47

49

51

Pro

bab

ility

Weeks

Fig.3.3.4 Probabilities of Dry and Wet Weeks (Dry< 5mm) &(Wet > 5mm) Thar Desert

Probability of Dry WeekProbability of Wet WeekProbability of wet/wet weekProbability of Dry/Wet WeekProbability of Dry / Dry Week

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1 3 5 7 9 11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

37

39

41

43

45

47

49

51

Pro

bab

ility

Weeks

Fig .3.3.5 Probabilities of Dry and Wet WeeksRain -(Dry< 25 mm ) & ( Wet > 25 mm ) Thar Desert

Probability of Dry Week

Probability of Wet Week

Probability of Dry/Wet Week

Probability of Wet/ Wet Week

29

CHAPTER- IV

============================================================================

Winter Season

Winter season over the Thar Desert begins from December and lasts upto the

month of February. Peak winters are observed in January. Rainfall is realised over the

area during passage of western isturbances over the nortern parts of Rajasthan

interacting with easterly waves from south.

4.1 Monthly Rainfall Distribution

Monthly rainfall distribution over the Desert area is shown in Fig.4.1.1. The

lowest (1.6mm, 20% of seasonal rain) monthly rainfall is realised in December, the

highest ( 4.3 mm, 53% of seasonal rain) is realised in February and about 2.1mm (27%

of the seasonal rain ) in January.

Fig. 4.1.1 Monthly rainfall features during winter season over Thar Desert

The variability of monthly rainfall during winter season is shown in Fig.

4.1.2. It can be conluded that during this season the normal rainfall is 8 mm only.

During February month the total rainfall does not exceed 33mm while in December and

January the total monthly rainfall does not exceed 17 mm and 15 mm respectively. The

normal monthly rainfall during December, January and Febuary is 1.6 mm, 2.1 mm and

1.6 2.1

4.33 3 7

196

144162

17 1533

0

40

80

120

160

200

DEC JAN FEB

Rai

nfa

ll in

mm

& v

aria

bili

ty in

%

Months

MEAN

SD

CV%

HIGH

LOW

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Rain

fall

(m

m)

YearsFig. 4.2.1 Total Rainfall - Winter Season Thar Desert

Rainfall (mm) Linear (Rainfall (mm))

4.3 mm respectively along with their respective variability (CV) 196%, 144% and 162%.

Year to year monthly rainfall variability over the whole region is shown in Fig. 4.1.2.

4.2 Seasonal Rainfall Distribution

Seasonal rainfall variability during winter season, as shown in Fig. 4.2.1

indicates that long period average ( LPA) of winter rainfall is only 8mm with

Coefficient of Variation 107%. The highest rainfall ( 36 mm ) of this season was

observed during the year 2006 while no rainfall was observed during a number of

years. No significant trend in the seasonal rainfall is observed during the study period

of 56 years ( 1956-2012) over this desert region.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1957

1959

1961

1963

1965

1967

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

Rain

fall

in

m

m

YearsFig.4 .1.2 Monthly Rainfall Distribution Winter Season Thar Desert

December Rainfall January Rainfall February Rainfall

31

CHAPTER – V

=======================================================================

Summer Season

Practically, May and June are the main summer months over most parts of

the Thar Desert. This season begins from the month of March and lasts upto end of

June. The duration of this season is also of three months,but during most of the years

summers extend upto the end of June. Rainfall, during this season is generally

observed in the wake of thundery activities associated with dust storm during

afternoon or night hours.

5.1 Monthly Rainfall Distribution

Monthly rainfall distribution during Summer season is as shown in Fig. 5.1.1

which indicates that about 3.6 mm rainfall of this season is observed during

March, 3.9 mm in April and 10.1 mm in May. April is the driest month of this season.

The highest (216 %) rainfall variability is observed in March and the lowest (112%) in

May. The monthly rainfall has not exceeded 50 mm, 36 mm and 44 mm during March,

April and May months respectively . On the other hand nil rainfall has also been

reported during all these months of the year.

Fig. 5.1.1 Monthly rainfall features during summer season over Thar Desert

3.6 3.9 10

.1

8 7 11

213

176

112

5036

44

0

50

100

150

200

250

MAR APR MAY

Rai

nfa

ll in

mm

& v

aria

bili

ty in

%

Months

Mean

S D

c v

High

low

32

Year to year variability of monthly rain during summer season is as shown in

Fig. 5.1.2 which reveals that monthly rainfall is not significant (less than 10 mm) on

most ocassions during March and April during the study period. During the year 1967,

March month received about 50 mm of rainfall, which is highest monthly rainfall ever

recorded in this month. During the years 1982 and 1983, both April and May months

observed very good total rainfall (30 to 40 mm).

5.2 Seasonal Rainfall Distribution

Variability of the seasonal rainfall is shown in Fig. 5.1.3. It can be concluded

from the figure that average summer season rainfall of Thar Desert is 18 mm with 97%

of variability. The highest (77 mm) seasonal rainfall was observed during the year 1983

while the lowest (0.0 mm) during the year 1980 only. During early part of the season the

rainfall is not signficant. However, during the later part rainfall increases

considerably due to convective activities. During the study period of 56 years (1957-

2012), a slight rising trend in the seasonal rainfall is noticed over the desert area.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

19

57

19

59

19

61

19

63

19

65

19

67

19

69

19

71

19

73

19

75

19

77

19

79

19

81

19

83

19

85

19

87

19

89

19

91

19

93

19

95

19

97

19

99

20

01

20

03

20

05

20

07

20

09

20

11

Rain

fall

(

mm

)

Years

Fig. 5.1.2. Monthly Rainfall Distribution Summer Season Thar Desert

March Rain April Rain May Rain

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

19

57

19

59

19

61

19

63

19

65

19

67

19

69

19

71

19

73

19

75

19

77

19

79

19

81

19

83

19

85

19

87

19

89

19

91

19

93

19

95

19

97

19

99

20

01

20

03

20

05

20

07

20

09

20

11

Rain

fall

(m

m)

YearsFig.5.1.3 Summer Seasonal Rainfall

variability Thar Desert

summer rain Linear ( summer rain)

33

CHAPTER-VI

==============================================================================

Monsoon Season

This is the main rainy period in the Thar Desert. Most of the gross rainfall is

observed during this season only. Generally monsoon sets over the region during the

1st week of July and lasts upto the middle of September. Period from June to

September is considered as the Monsoon season for the district. Rainfall during this

season is observed on account of low pressure systems formed in the Bay of Bengal

and moving from east to NW direction and oscillation of the Monsoon trough from north

to south and vice versa from its normal position. On some ocassions the rainfall over

the area also occurs due to low pressure area formed over north Arabian ocean and its

movement towards south Rajasthan. Heavy rainfall over the region is generally realised

with the interaction of western disturbances and low pressure areas moving either from

Bay of Bengal or Arabian ocean over and around the region. During some years low

pressure areas formed over the north Arabian sea and their movement toward South

east Rajasthan also gave a very good amount of rainfall over this region.

6.1 Onset and Withdrawl of Monsoon

Monsoon generally sets over the Thar Desert during first week of July

and withdraws during middle of September. The year to year variability is shown in

Fig. 6.1.1.

34

27

-Ju

n

4-J

ul 1

6-J

ul

1-J

ul 1

3-J

ul

29

-Ju

n

3-J

ul 1

5-J

ul

28

-Ju

n 9-J

ul

22

-Ju

l

18

-Ju

l

6-J

ul 14

-Ju

l 24

-Ju

l

27

-Ju

l

1-J

ul

2-J

ul

1-J

ul

19

-Ju

l

13

-Ju

l

5-J

ul

30

-Ju

n 13

-Ju

l

30

-Ju

n 10

-Ju

l

29

-Ju

n

21

-Ju

n 2-J

ul

1-J

ul

27

-Ju

n

5-J

ul

18

-Ju

l

30

-Ju

n

27

-Ju

l

15

-Ju

l

10

-Ju

l

3-J

ul

6-J

ul

2-J

ul 10

-Ju

l

16

-Ju

n

7-S

ep 15

-Se

p

12

-Se

p

22

-Se

p

19

-Se

p 30

-Se

p

11

-Se

p

16

-Se

p

15

-Se

p

3-S

ep

3-S

ep

26

-Se

p

21

-Se

p

11

-Se

p

17

-Se

p

12

-Se

p

12

-Se

p

14

-Se

p

1-S

ep

18

-Se

p

17

-Se

p

21

-Se

p

16

-Se

p

11

-Se

p

12

-Se

p

18

-Se

p

7-S

ep

21

-Se

p

13

-Se

p

14

-Se

p 26

-Se

p

19

-Se

p

24

-Se

p

28

-Se

p

25

-Se

p

30

-Se

p

29

-Se

p

26

-Se

p

27

-Se

p

28

-Se

p

24

-Se

p

9-S

ep

1-Jun

21-Jun

11-Jul

31-Jul

20-Aug

9-Sep

29-Sep

19-Oct

19

72

19

73

19

74

19

75

19

76

19

77

19

78

19

79

19

80

19

81

19

82

19

83

19

84

19

85

19

86

19

87

19

88

19

89

19

90

19

91

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

20

12

20

13

Dat

es

Years

ONSET DATES MEAN 1 WITHDRAWAL DATES MEAN 2

Fig. 6.1.1 Onset and withdrawal dates of Monsoon over Thar Desert

6.2 Monthly Rainfall Distribution

Monthly rainfall distribution during monsoon season is as shown in Fig. 6.2.1

and Fig. 6.2.2. Only 14% and 16% rainfall of this season is observed during June and

September respectively. July and August are the main rainy months. Both these months

receive about 70% rainfall of the season. July gets the highest (36%) while August

receives about 34% rainfall of the season. The normal monthly rainfall of June, July,

August and September are 30 mm, 80 mm, 74 mm and 34 mm respectively. The highest

(108%) rainfall variability is noticed in the September month and the lowest (56%) in

July. During the study period, the monthly rainfall has not exceeded the limit of 185 mm,

184 mm, 297 mm and 133 mm in June, July, August and September months,

respectively.

35

Fig. 6.2.1 Fig. 6.2.2

Variability of monthly rainfall for all the four months together and each month

separately is shown in Fig. 6.2.3 to Fig 6.2.4. The highest monthly rainfall realised

during June, July, August and September months is 185 mm (year 1996), 184 mm (year

1995), 297 mm (year 1973) and 133 mm (year 1992) respectively and the lowest monthly

rainfall observed is 0.0 mm (year 1968), 0.0 mm (year 2002), 03 mm (year 1993) and 0.0

mm (year 1968) respectively.

JUN14%

JUL36%

AUG34%

SEP16%

Fig. 6.2.1 Monthly Rainfall Distribution - Monsoon Season

Thar Desert

JUN JUL AUG SEP

30

80

74

34

3144 52

37

10

2

56 7

1

10

8

185 184

297

133

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

JUN JUL AUG SEP

Rin

fall

in m

m a

nd

va

ria

bili

ty

in %

Months Fig. 6.2.2 Monthly Rainfall Parameters Monsoon

Season Thar Desert

Mean

SD

C V

High

Low

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

19

57

19

59

19

61

19

63

19

65

19

67

19

69

19

71

19

73

19

75

19

77

19

79

19

81

19

83

19

85

19

87

19

89

19

91

19

93

19

95

19

97

19

99

20

01

20

03

20

05

20

07

20

09

20

11

Rai

nfa

ll (

mm

)

Years

Fig. 6.2.3 Monthly Rainfall Distribution Monsoon Season Thar Desert

September Rain August Rain July Rain June Rain

36

Fig. 6.2 4 Monthly rainfall variability over Thar Desert during Monsoon Season

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

19

57

19

59

19

61

19

63

19

65

19

67

19

69

19

71

19

73

19

75

19

77

19

79

19

81

19

83

19

85

19

87

19

89

19

91

19

93

19

95

19

97

19

99

20

01

20

03

20

05

20

07

20

09

20

11

Rai

nfa

ll (

mm

)

YearsJune

June Rainfall Linear (June Rainfall)

0

30

60

90

120

150

180

210

240

270

300

19

57

19

59

19

61

19

63

19

65

19

67

19

69

19

71

19

73

19

75

19

77

19

79

19

81

19

83

19

85

19

87

19

89

19

91

19

93

19

95

19

97

19

99

20

01

20

03

20

05

20

07

20

09

20

11

Rai

nfa

ll (

mm

)

YearsJuly

July Rain Linear (July Rain)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

19

57

19

59

19

61

19

63

19

65

19

67

19

69

19

71

19

73

19

75

19

77

19

79

19

81

19

83

19

85

19

87

19

89

19

91

19

93

19

95

19

97

19

99

20

01

20

03

20

05

20

07

20

09

20

11

Rai

nfa

ll (

mm

)

YearsAugust

August Rainfall Linear (August Rainfall)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

2001

95

71

95

91

96

11

96

31

96

51

96

71

96

91

97

11

97

31

97

51

97

71

97

91

98

11

98

31

98

51

98

71

98

91

99

11

99

31

99

51

99

71

99

92

00

12

00

32

00

52

00

72

00

92

01

1

Rai

nfa

ll (m

m )

YearsSeptember

September Rainfall Linear (September Rainfall)

37

6.3 Seasonal Rainfall Distribution

Variability of the seasonal rainfall is shown in Fig.6.3.1. The average seasonal

rainfall of the Thar Desert is about 218 mm with CV 42%. The highest (425 mm) rainfall

was realised during the year 1975 and the lowest (50 mm) during 2002. The year 1968,

1969, 1974 and 1987 were the severe drought years and 1961, 1973, 1975 and 2010

were the excess rainfall years for this region. No significant trend is noticed in the

monsoon seasonal rainfall over the Thar desert region of Rajasthan during the study

period of 56 years (1956-2012).

0

100

200

300

400

500

1957

1959

1961

1963

1965

1967

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

Ra

infa

ll i

n m

m

Years

Fig. 6.3.1 Monsoon Rainfall ( June to September ) Thar Desert

Monsoon Rainfall Linear (Monsoon Rainfall)

38

6.4 Monsoon Duration

Annual duration of monsoon is shown in Fig. 6.4.1 which reveals that average

duration of monsoonal rain over the district is about 10.3 weeks. However, the shortest

duration of 8 weeks was observed during the years 1974, 1981, and 1986 while the

longest duration of 13 weeks during the years 1977, 1999, 2002, 2005 and 2011.

However, duration of Monsoon season shows an increasing trend during the study

period of 56 years (1957-2012). Thus, an increase of two weeks is noticed in the duration

of monsoon season during past 57 years.

10 10

8

12

9

13

10

9

12

8

10

11

9

8

11 11

9 9 9

11 11

9

11

10 10

13

11 11

13

11

10

13

9

11

12 12 12

13

11

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

19

72

19

73

19

74

19

75

19

76

19

77

19

78

19

79

19

80

19

81

19

82

19

83

19

84

19

85

19

86

19

87

19

88

19

89

19

90

19

91

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

2006

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

2011

20

12

Wee

ks

Years

Fig.6.4.1 Monsoon Duration for Thar Desert

Monsoon Duration Linear (Monsoon Duration)

39

CHAPTER -VII

==============================================================================

Post Monsoon Season

After withdrawal of monsoon from the Thar Desert the dry and hot weather

prevails over the region in October and November. This period of two months is

referred to as the Post Monsoon season. Some times, rainfall is also realised over the

region during this season either due to the western disturbances moving from west to

east or late withdrawal of south-west monsoon.

7.1 Monthly Rainfall Distribution

Monthly rainfall parameters are shown in Fig.7.1.1 These figure reveal that about 5.2

mm of the seasonal rainfall (7.5 mm) of this season is realised during October and rest

2.3 mm during November. A large variability (of the order of 245%) in the total monthly

rainfall is observed in both the months. During the study period the highest (69 mm and

29 mm) monthly rainfall has been observed in October and November months,

respectively.

5.2

2.313

6

245 246

69

29

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

OCT NOV

Rai

nfa

ll in

mm

& v

aria

bili

ty i

n %

Months Fig.7.1.1 Monthly rainfall parameters

Post Monsoon Season

Mean

S D

C V

High

Low

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

19

57

19

59

19

61

19

63

19

65

19

67

19

69

19

71

19

73

19

75

19

77

19

79

19

81

19

83

19

85

19

87

19

89

19

91

19

93

19

95

19

97

19

99

20

01

20

03

20

05

20

07

20

09

20

11

Rin

fall

in

mm

Years

Fig. 7.1.2 Monthly Rainfall Distribution - Post Monsoon Season Thar Desert

October Rain November Rain

40

A large variability is observed in the monthly rainfall of October and November. The

highest (69.1mm) monthly total rainfall of this season has been observed during October

1998, while the corresponding figure for November is 29.4 mm (year 1981) Fig. 7.1.2.

7.2 Seasonal Rainfall Distribution

Seasonal rainfall variability during post monsoon period is shown in Fig. 7.2.1.

It shows that the average rainfall of post monsoon season over Thar Desert is only 7

mm with CV 184%. This season has a highest rainfall variability among all seasons.

The highest (69 mm) rainfall was recorded during the year 1998 and the lowest (0.0 mm)

during a number of years.

5

20

0 02

0

7

02 3

6

0 20 2 0 0

5

25

13

1

10

31

7

29

7 8

0 1 1 0

6

0 0 0

7

1 0

15

2

64

69

52

13

40

16

0

7

0 0 0

16

0 1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

19

57

19

58

19

59

19

60

19

61

19

62

19

63

19

64

19

65

19

66

19

67

19

68

19

69

19

70

19

71

19

72

19

73

19

74

19

75

19

76

19

77

19

78

19

79

19

80

19

81

19

82

19

83

19

84

19

85

19

86

19

87

19

88

19

89

19

90

19

91

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

20

12

Rai

nfa

ll in

m

m

Years Fig. 7.2.1 Post Monsoon Seasonal Rainfall Thar Desert

Post monsoon rain Linear (Post monsoon rain)

41

CHAPTER - VIII

==============================================================================

Rainfall Features Annual

8.1 Thar Desert

Annual rainfall variability over Thar Desert is shown in Fig. 8.1.1 and Fig. 8.1.2.

It can be concluded that the average annual rainfall of Thar Desert is 251 mm with a CV

of 38%. The highest (461 mm) rainfall was realised during the year 1975 and the lowest

(73 mm) during 1968. The annual rainfall during 1975 was about 80% more than the long

period average (251 mm). During past 56 years, annual total rainfall remained excess

(rain > 19% of LPA) in 17 years, normal in 19 years (rain +19% to -19% of LPA), deficit in

16 years (rain -20% to -59% of LPA) and scanty in 3 years (rain <= -60% of LPA). Over

the study period 0f 56 years (1956-2012) the total annual rainfall over Thar Desert of

Rajasthan shows an increasing trend. However, no significant cyclic behaviour is

observed. An increase of about 20% has been observed during past 56 years. During

past 20 years about 70% of the years have observed more than LPA annual rainfall. Year

to year annual rainfall variability over Jaisalmer, Bikaner, Barmer and Jodhpur districts

of Thar Desert is shown in Fig. 8.1.3 to Fig. 8.1.7, Fig 8.2.1 & Fig 8.2.2 . The normal /

variability (CV) / highest / lowest annual rainfall over different regions of Thar Desert are

as: Jaisalmer (182mm / 49% / 391mm / 54mm), Bikaner (265mm / 36% / 518mm / 69 mm),

Barmer (267 mm / 54% / 707mm / 54mm) and Jodhpur (298 mm / 44% / 681 mm / 93

mm). Highest (298 mm) and lowest (182 mm) annual normal rainfall was observed at

Jodhpur and Jaisalmer districts respectively. Out of these four districts of Thar Desert,

three viz. Jaisalmer, Bikaner, and Barmer districts show an increasing trend in the

annual rainfall over the study period (1956 - 2012) while Jodhpur district does not show

any significant trend. Thus, extreme south west part of the Thar Desert shows an

incresing trend in the annual rainfall. Among all these four districts: Barmer district

shows the highest (54%) variability in the annual rainfall while lowest (36%) in Bikaner

district.

42

50

150

250

350

450

550

650

1957

1959

1961

1963

1965

1967

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

Rai

nfa

ll

(mm

)

YearsJodhpur

Annual Rain Linear (Annual Rain)

50

150

250

350

450

550

650

750

1957

1959

1961

1963

1965

1967

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

Rai

nfa

ll

(mm

)

Years. Barmer

Annual Rain Linear (Annual Rain)

Fig. 8.1.3 Annual rainfall variability over different districts of Thar Desert

50

150

250

350

450

550

1957

1959

1961

1963

1965

1967

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

Rai

nfa

ll

(mm

)

YearsFig.8.1.1 Annual Rainfall variability over

Thar Desert

Annual Rain Linear (Annual Rain)Poly. (Annual Rain)

-16

-15

-30

-30

55

-12

-50

-4-2

9 -23

4-6

9 -62

13

-19

-38

59

-49

80

49

39

817

-26

-20

13

55

-31

-44 -3

6-5

7-2

1-9

58

-50

43

243

2641

38

30

-8 -416

-73

31

-36

-927

818

-31

74

44

14

-140

-100

-60

-20

20

60

100

140

1957

1959

1961

1963

1965

1967

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

% D

ep

artu

re

YearsFig.8.1.2 %Deparure of Annual Rainfall from LPA

Thar Desert

% Dep Annual Rain

50

150

250

350

450

1957

1959

1961

1963

1965

1967

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

Rai

nfa

ll

(mm

)

YearsJaisalmer

Annual Rain Linear (Annual Rain)

50

150

250

350

450

550

1957

1959

1961

1963

1965

1967

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

Rai

nfa

ll

(mm

)

YearsBikaner

Annual Rain Linear (Annual Rain)

43

Fig 8.1.4 % Departure of annual rainfall from LPA over different districts of Thar Desert.

8.2 District Wise Annual Rainfall Distribution

The district-wise annual normal rainfall and rainy days are shown in Fig. 8.2.1

and Fig. 8.2.2. The figures show that the annual normal rainfall of different districts of

Thar Desert varies between 182 mm to 298 mm. Jodhpur district observed highest

annual rainfall of the order of 298 mm while Jaisalmer district observed only 182 mm

(lowest among the districts). The annual district wise rainy days vary between 35 to 59

days. The lowest (35 days) is observed in Jaisalmer district and the highest (59 days)

5-9

-39

-39

114

0-6

9-1

5-3

0-4

5 -26

-74

-82

15

-14

-62

114

-71

71

62

-51

-2-1

6-1

7-1

449

-35

-56-3

5-6

8-2

0-1

6-1

3-5

226

27

56

33 4

523

64

48

218

-76

17

-56

-851

40

23

-44

106

69

27

-140

-100

-60

-20

20

60

100

140

1957

1959

1961

1963

1965

1967

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

% D

ep

art

ure

YearsJaisalmer

% Dep Annual Rain

-26

-8-2

9-2

912

-6-5

535

-45

4 9-7

2-3

86

-17

-33

-1-1

144

25

49 5

9-7

-28

339

93

-33

-50

-11

-34 -1

53

12

-56

47

-19

12 2

068

58

21

-25

2 3-7

713

-41

11

-27

832

-21

61

28 36

-140

-100

-60

-20

20

60

100

140

1957

1959

1961

1963

1965

1967

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

% D

ep

art

ure

YearsBikaner

% Dep Annual Rain

-36

-33

-27

-27

99

-38

-35 -1

1-2

0-5

62

-81

-84

-1-2

7-3

099

-69

105

48

-27

8 13

-34

-39

-414

-23

-36

-57

-71

-31

-8168

-55

55

43

80

22

-327

28

-30

-519

-66

76

-28

-37

124

-66

-29

95

57

-21

-140

-100

-60

-20

20

60

100

140

180

220

1957

1959

1961

1963

1965

1967

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

% D

ep

art

ure

YearsBarmer

% Dep Annual Rain

3-8

-28

-28

23

-4-4

3-4

5-1

5-1

121

-46

-58

36

-16

-36

58

-69

115

73

131

-64

71

-21

-37

16

49

-32

-33

-51

-67

-20

-24

60

-34

39

-32

37

33 4

634

19

-5-1

830

-71

20

-19 -10

-20

-25

-36

46

32

9

-140

-100

-60

-20

20

60

100

140

1957

1959

1961

1963

1965

1967

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

% D

ep

art

ure

YearsJodhpur

% Dep Annual Rain

44

in Jodhpur district. The average annual rainy days of Thar Desert are 88 days. The

annual rainfall variability within the Thar Desert fluctuates from 36% to 54%. The lowest

(36%) variability was observed at Bikaner district and the highest (54%) at Barmer

district.

Fig 8.2.1 District wise annual rainfall, rainy days and variability

The annual district wise rainfall distribution in different range is shown in Fig

8.2.2. Normally, annual dry days over different districts of the Desert region vary from

307 to 331 days. Highest (331) number of dry days are observed over Jaisalmer district

and the lowest (307) over Jodhpur district. Daily rainfall of exceeding 15 mm over any

district occurs on 6 ocassions or less in a year. Out of 35 rainy days over Jaisalmer

district, 25 days observed less than 5 mm rainfall. In Jodhpur, Barmer and Bikaner

districts, these figures are 42 days out of 59 ; 28 days out of 43 and 33 days out of 48

respectively.

182

265 267

298

251

4936

5444 3835

48 4259

88

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Jaisalmer Bikaner Barmer Jodhpur Thar Desert

Rai

nfa

ll in

mm

, V

aria

bili

ty (

%) ,

Rai

ny

day

s (

day

s)

Regions

Average Rain

C V

Rainy days

45

Fig. 8.2.2 Rainy days over different districts of Thar Desert

331

35 256 2 1 1 0

84

%

16

% 38

%

7%

4%

2%

2%

0

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

4000 >0

0<R

<=5

5<R

<=10

10<R

<=15

15<R

<=20

20<R

<=50

50<R

<=10

0

Da

ys

Rain range Jaisalmer

Rainy/Dry days % Days

317

4833

8 4 2 3 0

84

%

16

% 38

%

7%

4%

2% 2%

0

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 >0

0<R

<=5

5<

R<

=1

0

10

<R

<=

15

15

<R

<=

20

20

<R

<=

50

50

<R

<=

10

0

Da

ys

Rain range Bikaner

323

4328

6 3 2 3 0

84

%

16

% 38

%

7%

4%

2% 2%

0

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0

>0

0<R

<=5

5<R

<=10

10<R

<=15

15<R

<=20

20<R

<=50

50

<R

<=

10

0

Da

ys

Rain range Barmer

307

5942

8 4 2 3 0

84

%

16

% 38

%

7%

4%

2% 2%

0

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

3500 >0

0<R

<=5

5<R

<=1

0

10<R

<=15

15<R

<=2

0

20<R

<=5

0

50<R

<=10

0

Day

s

Rain range Jodhpur

46

8.3 Station wise Rainfall Distribution

8.3.1 Jaisalmer District

The stations-wise annual normal rainfall and rainy days are shown in Fig.

8.3.1. It shows that the annual normal rainfall of different stations of Jaisalmer district

varies between 134 mm to 203 mm. Pokran station observes the highest (203 mm) and

Ramgarh station the lowest (134 mm) annual rainfall. The annual station wise rainy

days within the district vary between 8 to 13 days. The highest (13 days) is observed in

Pokran station and the lowest (8 days) in Ramgarh station.

The rainfall variability in different stations varies from 57% to 105%. The

lowest (57%) variability is observed in Jaisalmer and Nokh stations while the highest

(105%) in Sam. Almost all stations are showing the same (60 to 70%) variability except

the Sam, where it is quite large (105% CV).

195

176

203

134

180 186

11 9 13 8 9 10

5772

59 66

105

57

0

50

100

150

200

250

Jaisalmer Fatehgarh Pokran Ramgarh Sam Nokh

Rai

nfa

ll( m

m),

Rai

ny

day

s( d

ays)

, C

V (

%)

Stations

Fig. 8.3.1.1 Average Annual rainfall rainy days and rainfall variability within Jaisalmer district

Average rainfall Rainy days C Vi

47

8.3.2. Jodhpur District

The stations-wise annual normal rainfall and rainy days are shown in Fig.

8.3.2.1. Which shows that the annual normal rainfall of different stations of Jodhpur

district varies between 215 mm to 416 mm. Bilara station observed highest annual

rainfall of the order of 416 mm while Phalodi station observed only 215 mm (lowest

among the stations). The annual stations wise rainy days within the district varies

between 14 to 22 days. The highest (22 days) is observed in Bilara station and the

lowest (14 days) in Phalodi station.

The rainfall variability in different stations varies from 39% to 53%. The lowest

(39%) variability is observed in Osian station while the highest (53%) in Jaswant Sagar

and Shergarh.

359

215

416

243

287

343

20 14 22 16 18 16

46 44 46 5339

53

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Jodhpur Phalodi Bilara Shergarh Osian Jaswant sagar

Rai

nfa

ll( m

m) ,

Rai

ny

day

s (d

ays)

, va

riab

ility

(%)

Stations

Fig. 8.3.2.1 Average annual rainfall , rainy days and C V within Jodhpur district

Average rainfall Rainy days variability

48

8.3.3. Bikaner District

The station-wise annual normal rainfall and rainy days are shown in Fig.

8.3.3.1, which shows that the annual normal rainfall of different stations of Bikaner

district varies between 264 mm to 320 mm with the highest (320 mm) over Dungargarh

and the lowest (264 mm) over Bikaner station. The annual station wise rainy days within

the district varies between 16 to 20 days. The highest (20 days) is observed at Nokha

and the lowest (16 days) at Kolayat station.

The rainfall variability in different stations of district fluctuates from 38% to

56%. The lowest (38%) variability is observed at Bikaner station while the highest (56%)

at Kolayat.

264

296

268

315 320

17 18 16 20 19

3853 56

4552

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Bikaner Lunkaransar Kolayat Nokha Dungargarh

Rai

nfa

ll( m

m),

rRai

ny

day

s( d

ays)

&V

aria

bili

ty(%

)

Stations

Fig. 8.3.3.1 Average annual rainfall , rainy days and rainfall variability within Bikaner district

Average rainfall Rainy days C V

49

264288

246221

350

14 15 15 13 17

62 65 55 50 58

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Barmer Chohtan Pachpadra Sheo Siwana

Rai

nfa

ll( m

m)

Stations

Fig. 8.3.4.1 Average Annual rainfall within Barmer district

Average rainfall Rainy days C V

8.3.4 Barmer District

The station-wise annual normal rainfall and rainy days are shown in Fig.

8.3.4.1. It shows that the annual normal rainfall of different stations of Barmer district

varies between 221 mm to 350 mm with the highest (350 mm) at Siwana and the lowest

(221 mm) at Sheo. The annual station wise rainy days within the district varies between

13 to 17 days. The highest (17 days) is observed at Siwana and the lowest (13 days) at

Sheo.

The rainfall variability in different stations varies from 50% to 65%. The lowest

(50%) variability is observed in Sheo station while the highest (65%) in Chohtan.

50

CHAPTER – IX

==============================================================================

Extreme Rainfall

9.1. Jaisalmer District

The extreme rainfall observed on different temporal scales over different

stations of the Jaisalmer district is shown in Fig. 9.1.1 to Fig. 9.1.7. The highest / lowest

annual rainfall of Jaisalmer, Fatehgarh, Pokran, Ramgarh, Sam and Nokh stations are

(513 mm / 28 mm), (527 mm / 16 mm), (540 mm / 29 mm), (386 mm / 2 mm), (1304 mm / 8

mm) and (522 mm / 13 mm) respectively. The highest (1304 mm) and lowest (2 mm)

annual rainfall were realized in Sam and Ramgarh stations respectively. One day

highest rainfall of 204 mm on 16 August 1973 at Jaisalmer; 180 mm on 19 July 1993 at

Fatehgarh; 175mm on 21 June 1996 at Pokran; 180 mm on 21 September 1988 at

Ramgarh, 230 mm on 21 June 1996 at Nokh and 240 mm on 17 August 1973 at Sam.

513 527 540

386

1304

522

28 16 29 2 8 130

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Jaisalmer Fatehgarh Pokran Ramgarh Sam Nokh

Rai

nfa

ll i

n

mm

Stations

Fig. 9.1.1 Highest and lowest annual rainfall Jaisalmer district

Highest annual rainfall Llowest annual rainfall

51

57

363132

135

40

151530

19

4733

11

42

15

54

204

20

6154

3952

101

28

107

464128

402426

83

434141

61

180

25

75

48

21

61

189

6861

25

85

30

76

138

65

2816

8589

65

0

50

100

150

200

250

24 A

ugu

st 1

957

13 S

ep

tem

ber

195

84

July

195

94

July

196

026

Ju

ne

1961

11

Au

gust

19

62

13

Au

gust

19

63

30 M

ay 1

964

17 J

uly

196

53

Au

gust

196

69

Sep

tem

ber

196

77

July

196

814

Ju

ly 1

969

3 Ju

ly 1

970

23 M

ay 1

971

27 J

un

e 1

972

16 A

ugu

st 1

973

27 M

ay 1

974

22 J

un

e 19

7514

Ju

ly 1

976

18 J

un

e 19

7724

Ju

ly 1

978

04 A

ugu

st 1

979

28 J

un

e 19

8010

Au

gust

198

124

Ju

ly 1

982

28 J

uly

198

312

Au

gust

198

42

Ap

ril

1985

8 Se

pte

mb

er 1

986

9 M

ay 1

987

6 A

ugu

st 1

988

26 J

uly

198

91

1 A

ugu

st 1

99

021

Ju

ne

1991

31 J

uly

199

219

Ju

ly 1

993

16 J

uly

199

426

Ju

ly 1

995

21 J

un

e 19

9619

Oct

ob

er 1

997

3 Ju

ly 1

998

2 A

ugu

st 1

999

15 J

uly

200

014

Ju

ne

2001

31 M

ay 2

002

28 A

ugu

st 2

003

8 A

ugu

st 2

004

9 Se

pte

mb

er 2

005

6 A

ugu

st 2

006

24 A

ugu

st 2

007

12 J

uly

200

82

8 A

ugu

st 2

00

97

Jun

e 20

102

Sep

tem

ber

201

115

Au

gust

201

2

Rai

nfa

ll in

mm

Years

Fig.9.1.2 Highest one day rainfall - Jaisalmer

Highest one day rain

57

51

45

45

14

24

31

36

33

524 26 33

1130

43

58

16

531

48 54

25

25 2233

23 20 20 2615

24 224

223

40 4

722

18

05

675

5425

95

83

15

61

18

174

8 48

38

17

83

788

255

81

25

70

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

24

Au

gust

19

57

12

Se

pte

mb

er

19

58

10

Ju

ly 1

95

91

0 J

uly

19

60

26

Ju

ne

19

61

10

Ju

ly 1

96

21

2 S

ep

tem

be

r 1

96

31

8 A

ugu

st 1

96

41

2 J

uly

19

65

21

Ju

ne

19

66

30

Ju

ly 1

96

77

Ju

ly 1

96

81

4 J

uly

19

69

25

Se

pte

mb

er

19

70

30

Ju

ly 1

97

11

1 J

uly

19

72

15

Au

gust

19

73

27

May

19

74

29

Au

gust

19

75

14

Au

gust

19

76

15

Ju

ne

19

77

29

Se

pte

mb

er

19

78

4 A

ugu

st 1

97

93

0 J

uly

19

80

9 A

ugu

st 1

98

11

7 A

ugu

st 1

98

21

8 J

uly

19

83

11

Au

gust

19

84

17

Ju

ly 1

98

58

Au

gust

19

86

7 M

ay 1

98

71

6 J

uly

19

88

28

Ju

ly 1

98

96

Ju

ly 1

99

01

Au

gust

19

91

3 S

ep

tem

be

r 1

99

21

9 J

uly

19

93

12

Se

pte

mb

er

19

94

15

Ju

ly 1

99

52

1 J

un

e 1

99

68

Au

gust

19

97

16

Oct

ob

er

19

98

2 A

ugu

st 1

99

91

5 J

uly

20

00

4 J

uly

20

01

30

Ju

ne

20

02

10

uly

20

03

12

Au

gust

20

04

2 A

ugu

st 2

00

52

1 A

ugu

st 2

00

62

3 S

ep

tem

be

r 2

00

71

4 A

ugu

st 2

00

81

5 J

uly

20

09

7 J

un

e 2

01

01

1 J

uly

20

11

4 S

ep

tem

be

r 1

2

Rai

nfa

ll in

mm

Years

Fig. 9.1.3 Highest one day rainfall - Fatehgarh

Highest one day rain

52

67

25

42

42

71

36

21

43 52

35 36

201

24

44

13

25

71

46

0 65

62

166

94

02

6 31

50

35

69

32 4

5 532

21

230 25

59

11

76

21

75

55

80

80

78

291

85

62

74

23

37

16

82

41

16

115

31

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

23 J

uly

195

713

Se

pte

mb

er 1

958

9 A

ugu

st 1

959

1 A

ugu

st 1

960

24 J

un

e 19

6115

Ju

ly 1

962

30 J

uly

196

328

Au

gust

196

427

Au

gust

196

53

Au

gust

196

629

Ju

ne

1967

7 Ju

ly 1

968

17 A

ugu

st 1

969

30 A

ugu

st 1

970

19 J

uly

197

127

Ju

ne

1972

6 Ju

ly 1

973

27 M

ay 1

974

30 A

ugu

st 1

975

14 J

uly

197

617

Ju

ne

1977

27 J

uly

197

84

Au

gust

197

927

Ju

ly 1

980

11 J

uly

198

128

Ap

ril

1982

18 J

uly

198

316

Se

pte

mb

er 1

984

13 J

uly

198

512

Au

gust

198

611

Ju

ne

1987

1 Ju

ly 1

988

25 A

ugu

st 1

989

1 Se

pte

mb

er 1

990

1 A

ugu

st 1

991

3 Se

pte

mb

er 1

992

19 J

uly

199

33

July

199

416

Oct

ob

er 1

995

21 J

un

e 19

961

Jun

e 1

997

16 O

cto

ber

199

81

Au

gust

199

916

Ju

ly 2

000

14

Ju

ne

20

01

10 N

ove

mb

er 2

002

19

Ju

ne

20

03

8 A

ugu

st 2

004

30 J

un

e 20

0511

Au

gust

200

66

July

200

76

Au

gust

200

818

Ju

ne

2009

7 Ju

ne

2010

15 A

ugu

st 2

011

6 Se

pte

mb

er 2

012

Rai

nfa

ll i

n

mm

Years

Fig.9.1.4 Highest one day rainfall - Pokran

Highest one day rainfall

183

71

31

35

123 18

644

43

43

26 2

60

75

78

02

648

26

72

50

35

25

37

224

725

60

58

10 11

10

0 11

718

33

54 6

452

31

53

18

04

51

04

57

65

91

530 25

40

25

66 70

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

27 J

uly

19

575

Ju

ly 1

958

10 J

uly

195

910

Ju

ly 1

960

22 J

un

e 19

6114

Au

gust

196

21

3 A

ugu

st 1

963

13 J

un

e 1

964

21 M

ay 1

965

22 J

un

e 19

6623

Mar

ch 1

967

19 F

ebru

ary

196

81

5 A

ugu

st 1

969

15

Au

gust

197

012

May

197

116

Ap

ril 1

972

16 A

ugu

st 1

973

27 M

ay 1

974

6 Se

pte

mb

er 1

975

3 Se

pte

mb

er 1

976

8 Se

pte

mb

er 1

977

12 J

uly

197

818

Ju

ly 1

979

24 J

uly

198

023

Ju

ly 1

981

4 A

ugu

st 1

982

3 Se

pte

mb

er 1

983

22 J

uly

198

417

Ju

ly 1

985

9 A

ugu

st 1

986

23 J

un

e 19

876

Au

gust

198

82

8 A

ugu

st 1

989

4 A

ugu

st 1

990

22 J

uly

199

14

Sep

tem

ber

199

220

Ju

ly 1

993

9 J

uly

199

45

Sep

tem

ber

199

524

May

199

65

Oct

ob

er 1

997

21 S

ep

tem

ber

199

82

Au

gust

199

922

Ju

ly 2

000

4 J

uly

200

11

Jun

e 20

022

8 A

ugu

st 2

003

2 O

cto

ber

200

428

Ju

ly 2

005

28 J

un

e 20

0610

Feb

ruar

y 20

072

Au

gust

200

825

Ju

ly 2

009

1 A

ugu

st 2

010

2 Se

pte

mb

er 2

011

Rai

nfa

ll in

mm

Years

Fig. 9.1.5 Highest one day rainfall - Ramgarh

Highest one day rainfall

53

46

25

49

49

38

32

77

23

03

02

81

84

0 564

31

43

22

148

98

50

45

26

607

53

5 50

17

446

01

8 30 35

23 25

18

01

15

40

762

30

54

10

0 12

21

57

53

21

58

36

60

20

70

40 45

75

60

50

0

50

100

150

200

250

24 A

ugu

st 1

957

26 M

ay 1

958

10 J

uly

195

92

Au

gust

196

025

Ju

ne

1961

13 J

uly

196

231

Ju

ly 1

963

12 J

uly

196

416

Ju

ly 1

965

9 A

ugu

st 1

966

22

Au

gust

196

713

Ju

ly 1

968

17

Au

gust

196

924

Sep

tem

ber

197

028

Ju

ne

1971

7 Ju

ly 1

972

17 J

uly

197

39

Jun

e 19

7422

Ju

ly 1

975

7 Se

pte

mb

er 1

976

26 M

ay 1

977

22

Au

gust

197

86

Au

gust

197

912

Ju

ly 1

980

23 J

uly

198

11

6 A

ugu

st 1

982

12 J

un

e 1

983

3 Se

pte

mb

er 1

984

15 J

uly

198

529

May

198

62

6 A

ugu

st 1

987

1 Ju

ly 1

988

24 J

uly

198

923

Au

gust

199

01

Sep

tem

ber

199

19

Sep

tem

ber

199

220

Ju

ly 1

993

4 Se

pte

mb

er 1

994

27 J

uly

199

522

Ju

ne

1996

19 O

cto

ber

199

716

Oct

ob

er 1

998

23 M

ay 1

999

15 J

uly

200

026

Ju

ly 2

001

4 Ju

ne

2002

17 J

uly

200

39

Jun

e 20

0431

Ju

ly 2

005

6 A

ugu

st 2

006

30 J

un

e 20

076

Au

gust

200

812

Ju

ly 2

009

7 Ju

ne

2010

15

Au

gust

201

11

5 A

ugu

st 2

012

Rai

nfa

ll in

m

m

Years

Fig. 9.1.6 Highest one day rainfall - Nokh

Highest one day rainfall

3545

33 33

189

5842 51

3819 25 18

5

85

168

21

240

30

135

3929

4055

2435

50 47 50

22

60

2035

79

45

16

71 66

24

4930

77

160150

3820 22 26

6039 45

28 32 24

59

20 22

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

17 N

ove

mb

er 1

957

23 A

ugu

st 1

958

10 J

uly

195

92

Au

gust

19

60

26 J

un

e 19

619

Au

gust

19

62

30 A

ugu

st 1

963

14 A

ugu

st 1

964

28 J

uly

196

523

Ju

ne

1966

25 D

ece

mb

er 1

967

19

Fe

bru

ary

19

68

16 J

uly

196

926

Se

pte

mb

er 1

970

30 J

uly

197

120

Au

gust

197

217

Au

gust

197

327

Sep

tem

ber

197

43

Sep

tem

ber

197

56

Sep

tem

ber

197

629

May

197

714

Ju

ly 1

978

23

Oct

ob

er 1

979

28 J

un

e 19

8025

Ju

ly 1

981

15 A

ugu

st 1

982

3 S

ep

tem

be

r 19

8312

Au

gust

198

45

Au

gust

19

85

12 A

ugu

st 1

986

11 J

uly

198

730

Ju

ne

1988

26 J

uly

198

92

Sep

tem

ber

199

024

Au

gust

199

13

Se

pte

mb

er

1992

19 J

uly

199

32

July

199

428

Au

gust

199

56

Au

gust

19

96

21 J

un

e 19

9721

Se

pte

mb

er 1

998

2 A

ugu

st 1

99

94

July

200

012

Ju

ly 2

001

30 J

un

e 20

0226

Au

gust

200

33

Oct

ob

er 2

004

25 S

ep

tem

ber

200

58

Au

gust

200

61

0 F

eb

rua

ry 2

00

713

Ju

ne

2008

29 A

ugu

st 2

009

7 Ju

ne

2010

2 S

ep

tem

be

r 20

119

Se

pte

mb

er

2012

Rai

nfa

ll in

m

m

Years

Fig. 9.1.7 Highest one day rainfall - Sam

Highest one day rainfall

54

9.2. Jodhpur District

The extreme rainfall observed on different temporal scales over different

stations of the Jodhpur district is shown in Fig. 9.2.1 to Fig. 9.2.7. The highest / lowest

annual rainfall of Jodhpur, Phalodi, Bilara, Shergarh, Osian and Jaswant Sagar stations

are (815 mm / 91 mm), (486 mm / 14 mm), (1064 mm / 128 mm), (677 mm / 42 mm), (615

mm / 94 mm) and (1088 mm / 80 mm) respectively. The highest (1088 mm) and lowest

(14 mm) annual rainfall were realized at Jaswant Sagar and Phalodi stations

respectively. One day highest rainfall of 157 mm on 3 July 1990 at Jodhpur; 168 mm

on 12 July 1964 at Phalodi; 300 mm on 31 July 1999 at Bilara; 128 mm on 21July 1996 at

Shergarh; 125 mm on 10 June 1998 at Osian and 273 mm on 14 September 1957 at

Jaswant Sagar, was recorded.

815

486

1064

677615

1088

9114

128

4294 80

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Jodhpur Phalodi Bilara Shergarh Osian Jaswant sagar

Rai

nfa

ll i

n

mm

Stations

Fig. 9.2.1 Highest and Lowest tehsil wise annual rainfall of Jodhpur district

Highest annual rainfall Llowest annual rainfall

55

74

372829

78

5240

84

61566874

28

83

4951

81

36

70

140

78

45

108

5360

77

96

67

93

3539

6761

157

53

77

97

48

80

146

95

118122

70

88

20

63

30383226

82

4253

6562

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

24 A

ugu

st 1

957

8 Ju

ly 1

958

28 J

un

e 19

5925

Ju

ne

1960

12 S

ep

tem

ber

196

113

Ju

ly 1

962

9 Se

pte

mb

er 1

963

18 A

ugu

st 1

964

31 J

uly

196

54

Au

gust

196

614

Au

gust

196

711

Ju

ly 1

968

13 S

ep

tem

ber

196

911

Au

gust

197

012

Au

gust

197

117

Au

gust

197

213

Ju

ne

1973

14 J

uly

197

419

Ju

ly 1

975

9 Se

pte

mb

er 1

976

28 J

un

e 19

7722

Au

gust

197

818

Ju

ly 1

979

27 J

uly

198

028

Se

pte

mb

er 1

981

7 M

ay 1

982

27 J

uly

198

312

Au

gust

198

431

May

198

529

Ju

ly 1

986

13 J

un

e 19

8716

Ju

ly 1

988

28 A

ugu

st 1

989

3 Ju

ly 1

990

22 J

uly

199

19

Sep

tem

ber

199

218

Ju

ly 1

993

2 Ju

ly 1

994

27 J

uly

199

55

Au

gust

199

68

Au

gust

199

710

Ju

ne

1998

1 A

ugu

st 1

999

13 J

uly

200

011

Ju

ly 2

001

21 S

ep

tem

ber

200

219

Ju

ne

2003

1 A

ugu

st 2

004

3 Ju

ly 2

005

21 A

ugu

st 2

006

5 A

ugu

st 2

007

3 A

ugu

st 2

008

18 J

uly

200

914

Au

gust

201

010

Au

gust

201

113

Au

gust

201

2

Rai

nfa

ll in

mm

Years

Fig. 9.2.2 Highest one day rainfall - Jodhpur

Highest one day rain

65535755

36

5248

168

60

94

3226

82

56

3836

6465

123

74

58

7

73

5747

36

110

55

7868

44465039

15

67

25

6356

115

333847

3544

16

59

19

3530

45

30

15

3735

21

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

24

Au

gust

195

720

Ju

ly 1

958

6 Ju

ly 1

959

1 Ju

ly 1

960

22 J

un

e 19

6115

Ju

ly 1

962

1 A

ugu

st 1

963

12 J

uly

196

431

Ju

ly 1

965

4 A

ugu

st 1

966

24 J

uly

196

77

July

196

81

7 A

ugu

st 1

969

10 J

uly

197

02

7 A

ugu

st 1

971

20

Au

gust

197

27

Au

gust

197

317

Ju

ly 1

974

13 J

uly

197

517

Ju

ly 1

976

18 J

un

e 19

7712

Fe

bru

ary

1978

4 A

ugu

st 1

979

30 J

uly

198

026

Ju

ne

1981

28 A

pri

l 198

23

Sep

tem

ber

198

321

Se

pte

mb

er 1

984

13 J

uly

198

530

May

198

615

Ju

ly 1

987

1 Ju

ly 1

988

5 Ju

ly 1

989

13 J

un

e 19

902

5 A

ugu

st 1

991

9 Se

pte

mb

er 1

992

12 S

ep

tem

ber

19

931

4 A

ugu

st 1

994

16 O

cto

ber

199

522

Ju

ne

1996

26 A

ugu

st 1

997

26

Au

gust

199

81

Au

gust

199

915

Ju

ly 2

000

10

Au

gust

200

127

Ju

ne

2002

6 Ju

ly 2

003

8 A

ugu

st 2

004

27 J

uly

200

52

0 A

ugu

st 2

006

6 Ju

ly 2

007

5 A

ugu

st 2

008

25 J

uly

200

97

Jun

e 20

1016

Ju

ly 2

011

31

Au

gust

12

Rai

nfa

ll in

mm

Years

Fig. 9.2.3 Highest one day rainfall - Phalodi

Highest one day rain

56

37

60 63

59

81

63

41

93

70

53 6

96

84

81

00 11

35

31

33

55

14

01

31

10

04

9

27

25

93

75

91

44

55

83

79

43 47

72

16

54

27

34

21

55

12

94

11

29

42

30

08

53

3 43

66 74 82 9

79

5 10

92

8 35

75

63

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

35024

Au

gust

195

73

Sep

tem

ber

195

811

Au

gust

195

91

Au

gust

196

018

Ju

ly 1

961

18 J

uly

196

227

Ju

ne

1963

26 J

un

e 19

6430

Ju

ly 1

965

7 Se

pte

mb

er 1

966

3 A

ugu

st 1

967

11 J

uly

196

817

Ju

ly 1

969

11 A

ugu

st 1

970

29 J

un

e 19

7123

Au

gust

197

214

Au

gust

197

320

Au

gust

197

416

Ju

ly 1

975

6 A

ugu

st 1

976

20 J

uly

197

728

Au

gust

197

817

Ju

ly 1

979

12 J

uly

198

022

Ju

ly 1

981

25 J

uly

198

227

Ju

ly 1

983

4 Se

pte

mb

er 1

984

16 J

uly

198

529

Ju

ly 1

986

19 A

ugu

st 1

987

14 J

uly

198

827

Au

gust

198

96

Au

gust

199

023

Au

gust

199

15

Sep

tem

ber

199

226

Ju

ne

1993

13 A

ugu

st 1

994

26 J

uly

199

518

Ju

ne

1996

8 A

ugu

st 1

997

28 A

ugu

st 1

998

31 J

uly

199

922

Ju

ly 2

000

11 J

uly

200

123

Au

gust

200

25

July

200

31

Au

gust

200

429

Ju

ly 2

005

26 S

ep

tem

ber

200

65

July

200

75

Au

gust

200

818

Ju

ly 2

009

8 Se

pte

mb

er 2

010

11 A

ugu

st 2

011

14 A

ugu

st 2

012

Rai

nfa

ll i

n

mm

Years

Fig. 9.2.4 Highest one day rainfall - Bilara

Highest one day rainfall

55.9

35.6 45

.741

.155

.928

.520

.4 30.8

30 36

62.8

23.6

16

38

2818

.476

.212

31

93

436

49

86

422

.443

52.8

18.2

4325

13

47.6

31

93

37

12

34

4 45.

67

71

28

66

50 50

64

40

355

326 25

60

88

40

206

75

64

70

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

23 A

ugu

st 1

957

13 S

ep

tem

ber

195

86

July

195

91

Au

gust

196

05

Sep

tem

ber

196

112

Se

pte

mb

er 1

962

12 S

ep

tem

ber

196

320

Au

gust

196

414

May

196

54

Au

gust

196

627

Ju

ly 1

967

7 Ju

ly 1

968

12 A

ugu

st 1

969

10 J

uly

197

027

Au

gust

197

121

Au

gust

197

219

Au

gust

197

312

Ju

ly 1

974

10

Jun

e 19

752

Au

gust

197

626

Ju

ly 1

977

15 J

uly

197

819

Ju

ly 1

979

27 J

uly

198

024

Ju

ly 1

981

22 J

uly

198

212

Au

gust

198

312

Au

gust

198

417

Ju

ly 1

985

12 A

ugu

st 1

986

23 M

ay 1

987

27 J

uly

198

83

Sep

tem

ber

198

96

July

199

030

Au

gust

199

19

Sep

tem

ber

199

24

Sep

tem

ber

199

313

Ju

ly 1

994

26 J

uly

199

52

1 Ju

ne

1996

8 A

ugu

st 1

997

10

Jun

e 19

981

Au

gust

199

922

Ju

ly 2

000

11 A

ugu

st 2

001

26

Jun

e 20

0210

Ju

ly 2

003

1 O

cto

ber

200

43

July

200

521

Au

gust

200

63

0 Ju

ne

2007

5 Ju

ne

2008

29 A

ugu

st 2

009

3 A

ugu

st 2

010

2 Se

pte

mb

er 2

011

8 Se

pte

mb

er 2

012

Rai

nfa

ll in

mm

Years

Fig. 9.2.5 Highest one day rainfall - Shergarh

Highest one day rainfall

57

73

52

2725

4253

31

59

87

114

39

70

4047

29

5250

103115

45

93

32

7363

43

67

86

101

383336

62

83

60

40

96

32

8280

96

58

125

95

5955

16

98

33

68

45

30

4344

121

41

70

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

23 A

ugu

st 1

957

12 s

epte

mb

er 1

958

22 A

ugu

st 1

959

2 A

ugu

st 1

960

26 J

uly

196

113

Ju

ly 1

962

12 A

ugu

st 1

963

26 J

uly

196

431

Ju

ly 1

965

4 A

ugu

st 1

966

9 Se

pte

mb

er 1

967

11 J

uly

196

818

Au

gust

196

910

Au

gust

970

12 A

ugu

st 1

971

21 A

ugu

st 1

972

15 A

ugu

st 1

973

17 J

uly

197

419

Ju

ly 1

975

9 Se

pte

mb

er 1

976

28 J

un

e 19

7714

Au

gust

197

817

Ju

ly 1

979

30 J

uly

198

022

Ju

ly 1

981

25 J

uly

198

228

Ju

ly 1

983

4 Se

pte

mb

er 1

984

14 J

uly

198

515

Au

gust

198

623

May

198

727

Ju

ly 1

988

28 A

ugu

st 1

989

4 Ju

ly 1

990

27 J

uly

199

19

Sep

tem

ber

199

216

Ju

ly 1

993

10 J

uly

199

427

Ju

ly 1

995

22 J

un

e 19

9627

Oct

ob

er 1

997

10 J

un

e 19

981

Au

gust

199

922

Ju

ly 2

000

24 J

uly

200

11

Sep

tem

ber

200

228

Au

gust

200

318

Ju

ne

2004

31 J

uly

200

528

Ju

ne

2006

6 Ju

ly 2

007

2 A

ugu

st 2

008

25 J

uly

200

96

Au

gust

201

016

Ju

ly 2

011

8 Se

pte

mb

er 2

012

Rai

nfa

ll in

m

m

Years

Fig. 9.2.6 Highest one day rainfall - Osian

Highest one day rainfall

27

38

056 52

11

64

54

19

97

633

70

68 65 8

07

04

91

03

50

11

3 14

244 41 6

040 35 41

55 60 7

094

52 54 6

589 8

95

735

21

39

743

12

68

026

09

1 95

2040

12

38

84

91

32

7025

51 42

41

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

14 S

ep

tem

ber

S1

957

3 Se

pte

mb

er 1

958

30

Ju

ly 1

95

92

Au

gust

196

04

Sep

tem

ber

196

11

8 J

uly

19

62

29 J

un

e 1

963

27 J

un

e 1

964

30

Ju

ly 1

96

55

Au

gust

196

62

6 J

uly

19

67

11

Ju

ly 1

96

817

Au

gust

196

99

July

19

7028

Ju

ne

197

123

Au

gust

197

214

Au

gust

197

31

4 J

uly

19

74

16

Ju

ly 1

97

56

Au

gust

197

62

9 J

uly

19

77

3 A

ugu

st 1

978

18

Ju

ly 1

97

928

Ju

ne

198

02

2 J

uly

19

81

24

Ju

ly 1

98

25

Au

gust

198

331

Au

gust

198

41

6 J

uly

19

85

29

Ju

ly 1

98

619

Au

gust

198

71

4 J

uly

19

88

17

Ju

ly 1

98

95

July

199

05

July

19

9111

Au

gust

199

226

Ju

ne

199

313

Au

gust

199

42

6 J

uly

19

95

22 J

un

e 1

996

8 A

ugu

st 1

997

10 J

un

e 1

998

31

Ju

ly 1

99

92

2 J

uly

20

00

17

Ju

ly 2

00

126

Ju

ne

200

219

Ju

ne

200

313

Au

gust

200

42

July

20

0530

Ju

ne

200

65

July

20

075

Au

gust

200

81

8 J

uly

20

09

1 A

ugu

st 2

010

16

Ju

ly 2

01

114

Au

gust

201

2

Rai

nfa

ll in

m

m

Years

Fig. 9.2.7 Highest one day rainfall - Jaswant Sagar

Highest one day rainfall

58

9.3 Bikaner District

The extreme rainfall observed on different temporal scales over different

stations of the Bikaner district is shown in Fig. 9.3.1 to Fig. 9.3.6. The highest / lowest

annual rainfall of Bikaner, Lunkaransar, Kolayat, Nokha and Dungargarh stations are

(559 mm / 32 mm), ( 783 mm / 64 mm), (894 mm / 60 mm), (769 mm / 71 m) and (904 mm /

64 mm) respectively. The highest (904 mm) and lowest (32 mm) annual rainfall were

realized at Dungargarh and Bikaner respectively. One day highest rainfall of 139 mm on

29 July 2011 at Bikaner; 233 mm on 24 July 2000 at Lunkaransar; 138 mm on 6 August

1973 at Kolayat; 134 mm on 23 June 1996 at Nokha and 262 mm on 26 July 1983 at

Dungargarh, was recorded.

559

783

894

769

904

3264 60 71 64

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Bikaner Lunkaransar Kolayat Nokha Dungargarh

Rai

nfa

ll i

n

mm

Stations

Fig. 9.3.1 Tehsil wise Highest and Lowest annual rainfall

Highest annual rainfall Llowest annual rainfall

59

375

8 60

55

55

47 5

23

8 42

694

51

15

04

73

45

43

48

837

57

76

47

31

20

12

75

54

830 29

70

42

28

825

18

47

4 789

56

48

62

171

42

80

40

76

42

55

67

810

84

07

06

213

95

8

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

13 A

ugu

st 1

957

3 Se

pte

mb

er 1

958

16 J

un

e 1

959

4 Ju

ly 1

960

5 Se

pte

mb

er 1

961

21 S

ep

tem

ber

196

231

Au

gust

196

328

Au

gust

196

418

Ju

ly 1

965

9 A

ugu

st 1

966

25 M

arch

196

719

Au

gust

196

818

Ju

ly 1

969

25 S

ep

tem

ber

197

03

Jun

e 19

714

Jun

e 1

972

17 J

uly

197

318

Ju

ly 1

974

19 J

uly

197

516

Ju

ne

197

617

Se

pte

mb

er 1

977

9 Ju

ly 1

978

6 Se

pte

mb

er 1

979

11 J

uly

198

017

Ju

ly 1

981

2 A

ugu

st 1

982

25 J

uly

198

316

Au

gust

198

416

Au

gust

198

524

Ju

ne

1986

12 J

un

e 19

871

Oct

ob

er 1

988

21 J

uly

198

931

May

199

022

May

199

118

Au

gust

199

28

July

199

312

Ju

ly 1

994

28 J

uly

199

518

Ju

ne

1996

26 A

ugu

st 1

997

16 O

cto

ber

199

812

Ju

ne

1999

23 J

uly

200

014

Ju

ne

2001

31 D

ece

mb

er 2

002

6 Ju

ly 2

003

22 S

ep

tem

ber

200

422

Ju

ly 2

005

22 O

cto

ber

200

611

Feb

ruar

y 20

073

Jun

e 20

0812

Ju

ly 2

009

3 Se

pte

mb

er 2

010

29 J

uly

201

19

Sep

tem

ber

201

2

Rai

nfa

ll in

mm

Years

Fig. 9.3.2 Highest one day rainfall - Bikaner

Highest one day rain

559

17

77

76

750

30

5745

98

5422

70

36

30

58 53 5845

74

70

94

40 42

65

11

858

34 45

30

60

30

51 5021

453

03

01

04

34

97

78

41

23

36

524

72

19

10

03

16

3 741

07 11

51

09

15

30

50

100

150

200

250

15 J

uly

195

72

Sep

tem

ber

195

810

Ju

ly 1

959

4 Ju

ly 1

960

25 J

uly

196

118

Ju

ly 1

962

13 A

ugu

st 1

963

19

Au

gust

196

431

Ju

ly 1

965

4 A

ugu

st 1

966

11 D

ece

mb

er 1

967

9 Ju

ly 1

968

15 J

uly

196

919

Feb

ruar

y 19

7010

Se

pte

mb

er 1

971

25

Au

gust

197

212

Se

pte

mb

er 1

973

19 J

uly

197

43

1 A

ugu

st 1

975

1 A

ugu

st 1

976

24 J

uly

197

7 22

Ju

ly 1

978

20 J

uly

197

96

July

198

03

No

vem

be

r 1

98

12

Au

gust

198

215

Ap

ril

1983

16

Au

gust

198

414

Ju

ly 1

985

29 J

uly

198

612

Ju

ne

1987

25 J

uly

198

825

Se

pte

mb

er 1

989

11 A

ugu

st 1

990

20 J

un

e 19

9124

Ju

ly 1

992

5 Se

pte

mb

er 1

993

1 Ju

ly 1

994

16 A

ugu

st 1

995

4 A

ugu

st 1

996

7 D

ece

mb

er 1

997

26 A

ugu

st 1

998

20 J

uly

199

924

Ju

ly 2

000

22 M

ay 2

001

31 D

ece

mb

er 2

002

6 Ju

ly 2

003

2 Se

pte

mb

er 2

004

17 J

uly

200

526

Ju

ly 2

006

11 F

ebru

ary

2007

14 A

ugu

st 2

008

31 A

ugu

st 2

009

22 J

uly

201

06

Sep

tem

ber

201

124

Au

gust

12

Rai

nfa

ll in

mm

Years

Fig. 9.3.3 Highest one day rainfall - Lunkaransar

Highest one day rain

60

43

17

40

40

25 32

26

90

58

68

97

35

605

42

13

51

38

43

55

447

57

23

9 50

32

655

97

22

61

9 24

55

732

52

07

57

05

55

280

10

08

87

03

58

91

380

34

67

56

53

75

45

62

35

70

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

28 J

un

e 1

957

22 A

ugu

st 1

958

2 Ju

ly 1

959

1 A

ugu

st 1

960

9 A

ugu

st 1

961

21 S

epte

mb

er 1

962

31 A

ugu

st 1

963

26 J

uly

196

419

Ju

ly 1

965

4 A

ugu

st 1

966

3 A

ugu

st 1

967

6 Ju

ly 1

968

15 J

uly

196

923

Se

pte

mb

er 1

970

28 J

un

e 19

7127

Ju

ne

1972

6 A

ugu

st 1

973

16 J

uly

197

419

Au

gust

197

516

Au

gust

197

617

Se

pte

mb

er 1

977

4 Ju

ly 1

978

14 O

cto

ber

197

930

Ju

ly 1

980

16 J

uly

198

12

Au

gust

198

225

Ju

ly 1

983

21 A

ugu

st 1

984

16 J

uly

198

56

Au

gust

198

68

May

198

730

Ju

ne

1988

23 A

ugu

st 1

989

4 A

ugu

st 1

990

24 D

ece

mb

er 1

991

21 J

uly

199

215

Ju

ne

1993

24 J

uly

199

424

Ju

ly 1

995

13 J

un

e 19

963

Jun

e 1

997

16 O

cto

ber

199

820

Ju

ly 1

999

16 J

uly

200

025

Ju

ly 2

001

11 N

ove

mb

er 2

002

6 Ju

ly 2

003

18 J

un

e 20

044

July

200

530

Ju

ne

200

611

Fe

bru

ary

2007

6 A

ugu

st 2

008

22 M

arch

200

98

Jun

e 20

1011

Ju

ly 2

011

15 A

ugu

st 2

012

Rai

nfa

ll i

n

mm

Years

Fig.9.3.4 Highest one day rainfall - Kolayat

Highest one day rainfall

29

61

34 347

08

16

76

63

17

161

47 5

539

56

344

84

68

28

079

56

296

57

955

85

80

3527 3

08

35

6 61

21

75

52

43

351

34

64

411

20

10

95

328

71

60

40 419

030

246

0 67

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

15 J

uly

195

725

Se

pte

mb

er 1

958

7 Ju

ly 1

959

10 J

uly

196

028

Au

gust

196

119

Ju

ly 1

962

2 A

ugu

st 1

963

5 Ju

ly 1

964

31 J

uly

196

54

Au

gust

196

618

Sep

tem

ber

196

711

Ju

ly 1

968

17 A

ugu

st 1

969

25 S

ep

tem

ber

197

021

Ju

ly 1

971

27 J

un

e 19

7229

Au

gust

197

318

Ju

ly 1

974

19 A

ugu

st 1

975

7 S

ep

tem

be

r 1

97

617

Sep

tem

ber

197

719

Ju

ly 1

978

26

May

19

79

6 A

ugu

st 1

980

17 J

uly

198

128

Ap

ril 1

982

25 J

uly

198

316

Au

gust

198

417

Ju

ly 1

985

2 Ju

ly 1

986

9 M

ay 1

98

727

Ju

ly 1

988

23 J

uly

198

912

Ju

ly 1

990

21 J

uly

199

119

Au

gust

199

215

Ju

ne

1993

26 J

uly

199

427

Au

gust

199

523

Ju

ne

1996

3 Ju

ne

1997

16 O

cto

ber

199

820

Ju

ly 1

999

17 J

uly

200

07

Au

gust

200

11

Se

pte

mb

er

20

02

10 J

uly

200

312

Au

gust

200

414

Se

pte

mb

er 2

005

26 J

uly

200

623

Au

gust

200

711

Au

gust

200

816

Ju

ne

2009

8 Ju

ne

2010

16 A

ugu

st 2

011

Rai

nfa

ll in

mm

Years

Fig.9.3.5 Highest one day rainfall - Nokha

Highest one day rainfall

61

9.4 Barmer District

The extreme rainfall observed on different temporal scales over different

stations of the Barmer district is shown in Fig. 9.4.1 to Fig. 9.4.6. The highest / lowest

annual rainfall of Barmer, Chohtan, Pachpadra, Sheo and Siwana stations are (759 mm /

37 mm), (875 mm / 36 mm), (590 mm / 37 mm), (525 mm / 31 m) and (1052 mm / 34 mm)

respectively. The highest (1052 mm) and lowest (31 mm) annual rainfall were realized at

Siwana and Sheo stations respectively. One day highest rainfall of 312 mm on 8 August

1990 at Barmer; 267 mm on 7 August 1990 at Chohtan; 152 mm on 26 July 1995 at

Pachpadra; 170 mm on 19 July 1993 at Sheo and 205 mm on 18 August 1973 at Siwana ,

was recorded.

24

14

98

3 83 74

31 4

93

41

9 32

76

14

72

681

33

59

52 6

45

89

5 110

21

32

04

6 52

74

26

27

23

2 41

377

63

96

83

7 46 47

31

75

11

564

50

10

55

95

52

31

41

20

58

38

365

34

8 59

42

32

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

20 A

ugu

st 1

957

30 S

ep

tem

ber

195

816

Ju

ne

1959

2 Ju

ly 1

960

28 A

ugu

st 1

961

19 J

uly

196

230

Ju

ly 1

963

12 J

uly

196

425

Au

gust

196

511

May

196

64

Au

gust

196

711

Ju

ly 1

968

25 J

uly

196

912

Au

gust

197

029

Au

gust

197

124

Au

gust

197

29

Au

gust

197

315

Ju

ly 1

974

17 J

uly

197

56

Au

gust

197

617

Sep

tem

ber

197

721

Ju

ly 1

978

25 M

ay 1

979

6 A

ugu

st 1

980

16 J

uly

198

12

Au

gust

198

226

Ju

ly 1

983

16 S

ep

tem

ber

198

414

Ju

ly 1

985

16 A

ugu

st 1

986

12 J

un

e 1

987

25 J

uly

198

824

Se

pte

mb

er 1

989

3 Ju

ly 1

990

22 M

ay 1

991

6 O

cto

ber

199

226

Ju

ly 1

993

15 J

uly

199

44

Au

gust

199

519

Ju

ne

1996

4 O

cto

ber

199

73

July

199

819

Ju

ly 1

999

17 J

uly

200

09

Au

gust

200

13

Sep

tem

ber

200

210

Ju

ly 2

003

7 A

ugu

st 2

004

10 S

ep

tem

ber

200

52

Jun

e 2

006

17 S

epte

mb

er 2

007

13 J

uly

200

830

May

200

919

Au

gust

201

027

Ju

ly 2

011

14 J

uly

201

2

Rai

nfa

ll in

m

m

Years

Fig. 9.3.6 Highest one day rainfall - Dungargarh

Highest one day rainfall

62

759

875

590525

1052

37 36 37 31 34

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Barmer Chohtan Pachpadra Sheo Siwana

Rai

nfa

ll i

n

mm

Stations

Fig. 9.4.1 Station wise Highest and Lowest annual rainfall

Highest annual rainfall Llowest annual rainfall

38 43

98

92 93

60 54

467

136

591

6 25 22

6933

21

01

89

59

42

97

04

318

6434 4

2 591

30

29 41 62 57

31

22

2 47

15

28

03

58

46

1 86

68 60

48

281

28

38

25

17

130 32 4

37

1 774

30

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

24 A

ugu

st 1

957

26 S

epte

mb

er 1

958

6 Ju

ly 1

959

2 Ju

ly 1

960

26 J

un

e 1

961

17

Au

gust

19

62

13

Sep

tem

ber

196

32

7 A

ugu

st 1

96

430

Ju

ly 1

965

23 J

un

e 1

966

25 M

arch

196

77

July

19

681

2 A

ugu

st 1

96

95

Au

gust

197

030

Ju

ly 1

971

21 A

ugu

st 1

972

18 A

ugu

st 1

973

27 M

ay 1

974

16 J

uly

19

7514

Ju

ly 1

976

9 Ju

ly 1

977

15

July

197

86

Au

gust

197

921

Ju

ne

198

026

Se

pte

mb

er 1

981

18 A

ugu

st 1

982

1 Ju

ly 1

983

12 A

ugu

st 1

984

17 J

uly

19

859

Au

gust

198

615

Ju

ly 1

987

19

July

198

825

Au

gust

198

98

Au

gust

199

019

Ju

ly 1

991

9 Se

pte

mb

er 1

992

18 J

uly

19

932

July

19

9426

Ju

ly 1

995

21

Ju

ne

1996

8 A

ugu

st 1

997

10 J

un

e 1

998

22 M

ay 1

999

14 A

ugu

st 2

000

9 A

ugu

st 2

001

29 J

un

e 2

002

29 J

uly

20

031

Au

gust

200

422

May

200

522

Au

gust

200

62

Sep

tem

ber

200

711

Ju

ly 2

008

24

July

200

912

No

vem

ber

20

1031

Au

gust

201

18

Sep

tem

ber

201

2

Rai

nfa

ll in

mm

Years

Fig. 9.4.2 Highest one day rainfall - Barmer

Highest one day rain

63

24

22

51

49

10

23

61

96

54

62

27

69 1

04

0 52 55

16

02

81

05

74

59 63

62

56 49

105

50

84

59

85

27

72

60

26

76

21

64

87

10

774

97

50

11

01

15

50

79

23

92

46 6

01

40

28

55

45

771

17

40

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

21 A

ugu

st 1

957

28 N

ove

mb

er 1

958

21 A

ugu

st 1

959

6 Ju

ly 1

960

25 J

un

e 19

6116

Au

gust

196

230

Au

gust

196

312

Au

gust

196

428

Au

gust

196

58

Sep

tem

ber

196

621

Au

gust

196

71

Au

gust

196

814

Ju

ly 1

969

24 S

ep

tem

ber

197

030

Ju

ly 1

971

10 J

uly

197

218

Au

gust

197

318

Oct

ob

er 1

974

30 A

ugu

st 1

975

16 J

uly

197

630

Ju

ne

1977

19

Ju

ne

1978

4 A

ugu

st 1

979

26 J

un

e 19

8026

Se

pte

mb

er 1

981

18 A

ugu

st 1

982

18 J

uly

198

36

Au

gust

198

44

Au

gust

198

531

May

198

615

Ju

ly 1

987

19 J

uly

198

825

Au

gust

198

97

Au

gust

199

019

Ju

ly 1

991

8 Se

pte

mb

er 1

992

19 J

uly

199

38

Sep

tem

ber

199

427

Au

gust

199

520

Ju

ne

1996

28 J

uly

199

710

Ju

ne

1998

22 M

ay 1

999

16 J

uly

200

012

Au

gust

200

129

Ju

ne

2002

29 J

uly

200

328

Ju

ne

2004

31 J

uly

200

58

Sep

tem

ber

200

623

Se

pte

mb

er 2

007

12 J

uly

200

824

Ju

ly 2

009

2 Ju

ly 2

010

10 A

ugu

st 2

011

9 Se

pte

mb

er 1

2

Rai

nfa

ll in

mm

Years

Fig.9.4.3 Highest one day rainfall - Chohtan

Highest one day rain

80

322523

58

1816

48

31

79

44

1622

99

73

19

46

22

100

50

25

47

85

50524860

20

4131

44

2725

81

32

56

40

73

152

103

63

145

79

57

75

5564

7162

150

65

127

6364

95

37

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

24 A

ugu

st 1

957

12 J

uly

19

5815

Ju

ne

195

91

July

19

6012

Sep

tem

ber

196

118

Ju

ly 1

962

10 S

ep

tem

ber

196

38

July

19

6417

Ju

ly 1

965

8 Se

pte

mb

er 1

966

25 M

arch

196

728

May

196

817

Ju

ly 1

969

24 S

ep

tem

ber

197

026

Ju

ne

1971

20 A

ugu

st 1

972

15 A

ugu

st 1

973

27 S

ep

tem

ber

197

47

Sep

tem

ber

197

56

Sep

tem

ber

197

628

Ju

ly 1

977

15

Ju

ly 1

97

818

Ju

ly 1

979

27 J

uly

19

8010

Au

gust

198

16

May

198

23

Sep

tem

ber

198

35

Sep

tem

ber

198

416

Ju

ly 1

985

29 J

uly

19

8613

Ju

ne

198

716

Ju

ly 1

988

27 A

ugu

st 1

989

6 Ju

ly 1

990

16 J

uly

19

919

Sep

tem

ber

199

218

Ju

ly 1

993

9 Se

pte

mb

er 1

994

26 J

uly

19

9521

Ju

ne

199

68

Au

gust

199

710

Ju

ne

199

81

Au

gust

199

915

Ju

ly 2

000

12 J

uly

200

12

Sep

tem

ber

200

22

3 J

uly

20

03

11 A

ugu

st 2

004

3 Ju

ly 2

005

20 A

ugu

st 2

006

6 A

ugu

st 2

007

14 A

ugu

st 2

008

24 J

uly

20

0923

Ju

ly 2

010

9 Ju

ly 2

011

14 A

ugu

st 2

012

Ra

infa

ll i

n

mm

Years

Fig. 9.4.4 Highest one day rainfall - Pachpadra

Highest one day rainfall

64

57

28

57

551

55

32 37

56

70

36 43

13

36

23

51

38

93

701

18

44

35

59

41

34

27 32

32

26

45

30

15 18

783

25

04

11

70

69 7

767

49

69 7

7 87

76

32

53 55

51

13

05

23

58

062

72

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

25 A

ugu

st 1

957

5 Ju

ly 1

958

19 A

ugu

st 1

959

10 J

uly

196

02

6 J

un

e 1

96

111

Se

pte

mb

er 1

962

30 J

uly

196

321

Au

gust

196

428

Ju

ly 1

965

3 A

ugu

st 1

966

22 M

arch

196

713

Mar

ch 1

968

14 J

uly

196

93

July

197

030

Ju

ly 1

971

21 A

ugu

st 1

972

17 A

ugu

st 1

973

27 M

ay 1

974

16 J

uly

197

58

Sep

tem

ber

197

611

Ju

ly 1

977

12 N

ove

mb

er 1

978

4 A

ugu

st 1

979

5 Ju

ly 1

980

25 J

uly

198

122

Ju

ly 1

982

25 J

uly

198

35

July

198

45

Au

gust

198

511

Au

gust

198

623

May

198

718

Au

gust

198

820

Au

gust

198

911

Au

gust

199

024

Au

gust

199

14

Sep

tem

ber

199

219

Ju

ly 1

993

2 Ju

ly 1

994

26 J

uly

199

52

1 J

un

e 1

99

68

Au

gust

199

716

Oct

ob

er 1

998

21

Ju

ne

19

99

16 J

uly

200

025

Ju

ly 2

001

28

Ju

ne

20

02

29 J

uly

200

33

Oct

ob

er 2

004

3 A

ugu

st 2

005

23 A

ugu

st 2

006

6 A

ugu

st 2

007

11 J

uly

200

826

Ju

ly 2

009

24 J

uly

201

014

Au

gust

201

1

Rai

nfa

ll in

mm

Years

Fig.9.4.5 Highest one day rainfall - Sheo

Highest one day rainfall

178

375148

155

99

5165

5056

119

31

15

8995

77

205

87

132

46

122

45

7478

4857

79

485035

2821

61

196

40

98

162

70

121

92

180192

109

42

97

54

122

4740

91

62

139

48

92

49

68

0

50

100

150

200

250

24 A

ugu

st 1

957

26 S

ep

tem

ber

195

83

July

195

92

July

196

05

Sep

tem

ber

19

611

2 J

uly

19

62

26 N

ove

mb

er

1963

13 A

ugu

st 1

964

26 A

ugu

st 1

965

4 A

ugu

st 1

966

25 M

arch

196

77

July

196

81

6 J

uly

19

69

2 Se

pte

mb

er 1

970

30

Ju

ly 1

97

120

Au

gust

197

218

Au

gust

197

327

May

197

41

6 J

uly

19

75

26 A

ugu

st 1

976

28

Ju

ly 1

97

72

5 J

uly

19

78

18 J

un

e 19

792

7 J

uly

19

80

3 N

ove

mb

er

1981

25

Ju

ly 1

98

23

Sep

tem

ber

19

8312

Au

gust

198

41

6 J

uly

19

85

29

Ju

ly 1

98

625

Ju

ne

198

74

Au

gust

198

816

Au

gust

198

96

July

199

02

2 J

uly

19

91

8 Se

pte

mb

er 1

992

18

Ju

ly 1

99

314

Au

gust

199

42

6 J

uly

19

95

21 J

un

e 19

9621

Ju

ne

1997

10 J

un

e 19

981

Au

gust

199

92

July

200

01

2 J

uly

20

01

26 J

un

e 20

0218

Ju

ne

2003

1 A

ugu

st 2

004

2 A

ugu

st 2

005

20

Au

gust

200

61

0 J

uly

20

07

13 A

ugu

st 2

008

18

Ju

ly 2

00

92

3 J

uly

20

10

9 Ju

ly 2

011

12

Ju

ly 2

01

2

Rai

nfa

ll in

m

m

Years

Fig. 9.4.6 Highest one day rainfall - Siwana

Highest one day rainfall

65

Acknowledgment

This work was taken up to know the rainfall structure over the most driest

region (Thar Desert ) of Rajasthan state and also of the country having the highest

rainfall variability in the country and thereby meet the demand of different departments

of state government of Rajasthan, research scholars, print and electronic media,

general public, planners and industrialists. Authors are grateful to Dr. L.S. Rathore,

Director General of Meteorology, India Meteorological Department for providing all

facilities to complete this work. Authors also like to thank to Shri Ashok Kumar Sharma

and Shri Alok Kulshrestha, SA for collection of data, computation work and valuable

assistance. Support rendered by the officers and staff of the office of Additional

Director General of Meteorology (Research), Pune for designing, typesetting and

printing this publication is duly acknowledged. Thanks are also due to Group Cap.

Ravindra Vishen , Scientist „E‟ for his valuable suggestions.

References

1. Singh, O. P. , Singh, S. S. , Surender Kumar ,”Rainfall Profile of Jaipur”, Met. Monograph

Hydrology No. 14/2012.

2. Singh, O. P. , Singh, S. S. , Surender Kumar ,” Rainfall Profile of Udaipur”, Met .

Monograph Hydrology No. 15/2013

3. “http://waterresources.rajasthan.gov.in/”, Rajasthan Government website.

4. “ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thar_Desert “, Encyclopedia website .

5. “http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/rajasthan/geography-history/desert.html”, Website

6. “http://www.rajasthan.gov.in/DistrictProfile/ “, Rajasthan Government website.

7. “http://barmer.nic.in/”, Rajasthan Government website.

8. “http://jaisalmer.nic.in/” , Rajasthan Government website.

9. “http://jodhpur.nic.in/ “, Rajasthan Government website.

10. “http://bikaner.nic.in/ “, Rajasthan Government website.

66

Table-1: Seasonal Rainfall of Thar Desert (1957-2012)

Years

Rainfall (mm)

Years % Departure from LPA

Jun-Sep Oct-Nov Dec-Feb Mar-May Total Jun-Sep Oct-Nov Dec-Feb Mar-May

1957 171.3 5.5 1.8 17.3 195.8 1957 -21.4 -26.1 -77.3 -1.8

1958 183.8 19.7 7.0 2.5 213.0 1958 -15.7 165.4 -10.0 -85.8

1959 167.0 0.0 7.0 1.3 175.2 1959 -23.4 -100.0 -9.9 -92.8

1960 167.0 0.0 22.6 1.3 190.8 1960 -23.4 -100.0 191.7 -92.8

1961 357.5 2.0 2.1 12.3 373.9 1961 64.0 -73.2 -72.8 -30.2

1962 202.9 0.2 0.9 15.3 219.3 1962 -7.0 -97.9 -87.8 -12.9

1963 111.2 7.1 0.7 7.7 126.6 1963 -49.0 -4.5 -90.9 -56.4

1964 230.6 0.0 3.7 10.1 244.5 1964 5.7 -99.6 -51.9 -42.4

1965 162.9 2.2 11.4 8.9 185.3 1965 -25.3 -70.6 46.9 -49.6

1966 169.0 2.6 0.0 9.3 180.9 1966 -22.5 -65.2 -100.0 -47.0

1967 183.6 6.3 24.3 53.5 267.6 1967 -15.8 -15.1 213.2 204.3

1968 64.2 0.4 1.8 6.4 72.8 1968 -70.5 -95.2 -76.9 -63.7

1969 88.8 1.8 20.6 3.1 114.3 1969 -59.3 -76.0 165.9 -82.3

1970 256.6 0.0 2.7 5.7 265.0 1970 17.7 -100.0 -65.0 -67.7

1971 175.4 1.7 1.9 24.0 203.1 1971 -19.5 -76.7 -75.5 36.6

1972 149.6 0.2 0.3 3.5 153.6 1972 -31.4 -97.1 -96.7 -79.9

1973 388.5 0.2 1.0 8.5 398.2 1973 78.1 -96.8 -86.7 -51.6

1974 93.4 4.9 0.9 28.3 127.5 1974 -57.2 -33.7 -88.2 61.0

1975 425.0 24.8 9.1 1.9 460.8 1975 94.9 234.4 17.0 -89.4

1976 344.2 12.8 8.4 8.0 373.4 1976 57.9 72.6 8.4 -54.7

1977 319.9 0.7 10.7 18.9 350.2 1977 46.7 -91.2 38.0 7.7

1978 240.7 10.0 27.2 8.0 285.8 1978 10.4 34.6 251.0 -54.6

1979 197.0 31.3 3.0 35.6 266.9 1979 -9.7 321.4 -61.8 102.9

1980 159.8 7.0 13.4 10.0 190.1 1980 -26.7 -5.6 72.5 -43.1

1981 149.6 29.4 12.0 16.9 207.9 1981 -31.4 296.4 54.3 -3.8

1982 188.2 7.1 1.6 75.9 272.9 1982 -13.7 -3.8 -79.7 332.2

1983 304.1 7.8 3.0 76.8 391.6 1983 39.5 5.0 -61.8 337.1

67

1984 170.2 0.1 0.0 1.1 171.4 1984 -21.9 -98.9 -100.0 -94.0

1985 118.3 0.7 8.5 21.6 149.1 1985 -45.8 -91.2 10.1 23.1

1986 130.1 0.6 3.3 21.9 155.9 1986 -40.4 -91.5 -57.5 24.5

1987 67.8 0.0 1.5 34.7 104.1 1987 -68.9 -100.0 -80.2 97.4

1988 181.9 5.5 9.2 10.4 207.0 1988 -16.6 -25.4 18.1 -41.1

1989 216.1 0.4 16.8 1.5 234.7 1989 -0.9 -94.8 116.7 -91.6

1990 354.1 0.2 4.5 24.4 383.2 1990 62.4 -96.7 -42.2 38.7

1991 101.9 0.1 14.8 17.2 134.1 1991 -53.2 -98.1 91.1 -2.0

1992 334.3 6.8 4.4 5.5 351.0 1992 53.3 -8.5 -42.7 -68.5

1993 244.6 1.3 7.8 6.0 259.6 1993 12.1 -83.0 1.2 -66.1

1994 341.7 0.0 16.3 9.1 367.2 1994 56.7 -100.0 110.3 -48.1

1995 280.0 14.7 6.8 5.5 307.0 1995 28.4 98.1 -12.7 -69.0

1996 307.7 1.7 0.8 37.9 348.2 1996 41.1 -77.2 -89.1 115.9

1997 242.2 64.3 17.6 32.7 356.8 1997 11.1 765.9 127.6 86.0

1998 236.2 69.1 9.7 10.9 325.8 1998 8.3 830.5 24.7 -38.2

1999 171.5 4.7 0.5 44.0 220.8 1999 -21.3 -36.1 -93.8 150.7

2000 231.4 2.1 1.1 5.9 240.5 2000 6.1 -71.3 -86.4 -66.6

2001 247.2 12.8 0.9 30.0 290.9 2001 13.4 72.5 -88.7 70.8

2002 50.2 3.7 24.4 9.1 87.5 2002 -77.0 -49.9 215.2 -48.3

2003 305.6 0.5 0.9 3.5 310.5 2003 40.2 -93.5 -88.0 -80.1

2004 135.4 16.0 14.7 7.2 173.3 2004 -37.9 115.3 90.2 -59.2

2005 191.5 0.0 0.0 23.9 215.4 2005 -12.2 -100.0 -100.0 35.9

2006 284.0 6.9 35.7 25.5 352.1 2006 30.2 -6.5 360.3 45.0

2007 210.5 0.2 2.3 26.8 239.7 2007 -3.5 -97.8 -70.0 52.4

2008 239.2 0.0 14.3 45.9 299.4 2008 9.7 -100.0 83.9 161.4

2009 152.2 0.4 3.1 16.0 171.7 2009 -30.2 -94.5 -60.4 -8.7

2010 411.3 15.6 14.8 5.1 446.7 2010 88.6 109.6 91.4 -71.2

2011 341.7 0.2 0.4 7.0 349.2 2011 56.7 -97.7 -95.0 -60.0

2012 260.5 1.4 0.0 23.1 285.1 2012 19.5 -80.6 -100.0 31.4

Mean 218.1 07.4 07.8 17.6 250.8

SD 90.9 13.7 08.3 17.0 94.6

CV 41.7 184.4 107.2 96.6 37.7

68

District: Jodhpur

Table2.1: Stations wise Annual Rainfall (in mm), Variability and District Rainfall Statistics

Stations/District 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973

Jodhpur 272.4 307.1 218.2 215 354.8 280.1 259 373.2 284.9 362.6 610.8 187.2 103.7 631.8 268.5 237 651.8

Phalodi 216.7 238.2 170.9 165 316.5 365.7 154.3 346.6 201 255 215.4 98 134.2 374.3 187.7 130.8 354.3

Bilara 343.5 303.1 309.4 301 477.5 314.3 233.1 490.7 472.2 268.4 558.2 278.6 233 642.6 429.9 161 622.8

Shergarh 199.9 249.3 229.1 225 305.3 191.5 119.8 172.3 170 148.4 289.8 61.2 59.8 224.5 151.8 92.6 400.6

Osian 237 190.4 190.1 185 283.8 215.7 98.6 200.2 299.9 344 346 213 128 375.4 226.3 202.3 340.2

Jaswant Sagar 594.7 400.6 273.3 269 531.9 287.2 147.7 408.9 362.9 92 507.5 241 179 561 329 163 586

JODHPUR DIST. ( Mean AM) 310.7 281.5 231.8 226.7 378.3 275.8 168.8 332.0 298.5 245.1 421.3 179.8 139.6 468.3 265.5 164.5 492.6

SD 148.2 72.8 51.7 51.0 102.0 63.9 63.6 123.2 110.0 106.8 159.6 84.2 60.2 168.9 101.6 51.0 142.7

CV% 48 26 22 22 27 23 38 37 37 44 38 47 43 36 38 31 29

MEAN(WT) 263.6 257.0 209.4 204.2 343.1 288.1 153.8 307.6 255.7 248.0 341.0 145.9 128.0 407.4 226.6 151.0 429.3

DIFFERENCE 47.1 24.4 22.4 22.5 35.2 -12.3 15.0 24.4 42.8 -3.0 80.2 34.0 11.6 60.8 38.9 13.4 63.3

Stations/District 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990

Jodhpur 194.4 708.9 645.1 386.2 441.7 572.2 250.2 279.4 451.2 441.9 294.5 209.1 175 165 322.3 304 815

Phalodi 206.9 433.6 383 255 14.4 254 217 195 257 486 145 196.5 168 227.8 166 140 250

Bilara 315.8 1056.5 760 653.9 285.5 1063.9 245.1 182 408 703.1 318 279 278 201.5 442.9 341.6 628

Shergarh 42 273 445 259 382 317 235.2 97.4 249.8 355 110 182.3 64.2 77.9 274.8 229.8 403.2

Osian 298.4 615 361 348.9 269.3 258.5 340.6 204 313 378 255.2 164 173 140 269 256 346

Jaswant Sagar 104.2 1088 752 106 251.1 244 240 111 232 361 263.5 268.3 217 167 377.1 379.6 450.8

JODHPUR DIST. ( Mean AM) 193.6 695.8 557.7 334.8 274.0 451.6 254.7 178.1 318.5 454.2 231.0 216.5 179.2 163.2 308.7 275.2 482.2

SD 106.8 328.1 183.4 183.9 146.9 324.7 43.6 66.7 91.3 132.2 84.0 46.8 70.1 51.9 95.9 85.8 205.8

CV% 55 47 33 55 54 72 17 37 29 29 36 22 39 32 31 31 43

MEAN(WT) 191.0 565.1 476.5 304.8 209.7 361.9 249.2 178.0 293.8 445.9 195.4 202.0 162.9 171.2 259.1 228.6 395.7

DIFFERENCE 2.7 130.7 81.2 30.1 64.3 89.7 5.5 0.1 24.7 8.3 35.7 14.5 16.3 -8.0 49.6 46.6 86.4

69

Stations/District 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Jodhpur 232.5 526 232 396 374 521.1 572.1 577 357.5 273 527 91 359 182 283 210

Phalodi 55.5 252 178 311 143 265 287 233 156 146 251 63 221 79 111 142

Bilara 303.4 496 256 571 581 357 588 321 524 274 336 149 353 496 510 455

Shergarh 204 374 239.6 293.6 377 385 323 240 235 232 346 72.8 353 103 109 221

Osian 211 424 201 544 428 478 387 431 298 192 322 94 483 192 262 205

Jaswant Sagar 272.2 499.6 234 549 556 407 364 321.2 438 274.5 510 80 295 497 411 292

JODHPUR DIST. ( Mean AM) 213.1 428.6 223.4 444.1 409.8 402.2 420.2 353.9 334.8 231.9 382.0 91.6 344.0 258.2 281.0 254.2

SD 86.0 103.2 28.5 126.3 157.8 90.6 128.6 130.7 134.3 53.4 111.0 30.4 86.3 189.7 160.1 109.4

CV% 40 24 13 28 39 23 31 37 40 23 29 33 25 73 57 43

MEAN(WT) 165.2 370.8 209.7 397.0 328.1 367.7 368.7 315.2 267.7 203.1 335.2 81.3 321.2 181.3 210.2 212.2

DIFFERENCE 47.9 57.8 13.8 47.1 81.7 34.4 51.5 38.7 67.1 28.8 46.8 10.3 22.8 76.9 70.8 42.0

Stations/District 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Mean SD CV % AREA Sq.

Km. STATIONS RAINY DAYS Highest lowest

Jodhpur 205 475.9 156 511 314 480 359.5 165.6 46.1 1875.52 Jodhpur 20 815 91

Phalodi 204 207 64 314 293 172 215.5 95.7 44.4 7657.65 Phalodi 14 486 14

Bilara 417 384 128 339 476 395 416.3 193.4 46.5 1653.27 Bilara 22 1064 128

Shergarh 359 255 67 676.5 566 279.5 242.8 128.7 53.0 3812.88 Shergarh 16 677 42

Osian 200 270.5 139 435 385 416 286.8 112.5 39.2 3502.94 Osian 18 615 94

Jaswant Sagar 445 256 96 317 303 265 343.4 180.6 52.6 1653.27 Jaswant Sagar 16 1088 80

JODHPUR DIST. ( Mean AM) 305.0 308.1 108.3 432.1 389.5 334.6 310.7 118.1 38.0 20155.53

SD 115.1 101.1 38.5 142.7 110.6 114.7 75.9

CV% 38 33 36 33 28 34 24 MEAN 18

MEAN(WT) 270.0 270.7 94.0 424.2 378.4 289.3 273.4 SD 3

DIFFERENCE 35.0 37.4 14.3 7.9 11.1 45.3 37.3 CV % 17

70

District: Barmer

Table2.2: Stations wise Annual Rainfall (in mm), Variability and District Rainfall Statistics

Stations/District 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973

Barmer 182.5 192.2 258.6 255 535.6 168.2 193.6 284.4 308.7 87 235.2 37.1 63.5 163.7 157 113.8 498.9

Chohtan 137.7 156.1 203.5 200 645.4 135.6 123 365.8 126.9 87.8 334.8 39.5 36.4 154 161 165.5 492.5

Pachpadra 130.7 159.4 162.7 155 404.1 71.9 73.5 188.5 168.6 163 276.8 47.4 37 311.3 204.9 112 230.4

Sheo 145.5 146.7 201.1 197 525.1 117.2 178.5 285.3 157.4 123.9 275.2 30.8 70.5 139.8 205 199.1 429.7

Siwana 381.5 271.2 253.8 250.2 904.3 360.1 222.1 343.5 228 215 460 97 34.3 563.3 248.1 238.6 785.2

BARMER DIST. ( Mean AM) 195.6 185.1 215.9 211.4 602.9 170.6 158.1 293.5 197.9 135.3 316.4 50.4 48.3 266.4 195.2 165.8 487.3

SD 105.8 51.1 40.2 41.6 188.9 111.5 59.5 68.7 72.0 54.4 87.8 26.7 17.2 179.8 37.5 54.8 198.9

CV% 54 28 19 20 31 65 38 23 36 40 28 53 36 68 19 33 41

MEAN(WT) 171.0 170.8 208.8 204.4 573.4 146.3 153.6 293.4 181.6 126.2 303.0 43.6 51.7 220.7 191.9 167.4 456.7

DIFFERENCE 24.6 14.3 7.1 7.1 29.5 24.3 4.5 0.1 16.3 9.1 13.4 6.8 -3.4 45.7 3.3 -1.6 30.6

Stations/District 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990

Barmer 50 518.4 509.8 145.8 336.2 205.7 89 212.4 192.6 310.3 245.8 249 97.8 101.2 170.6 266.2 748.2

Chohtan 112 536.6 437 273 231 257.5 212.9 158.4 317.4 249.5 246.4 146 153 40.3 319.5 237.5 761.1

Pachpadra 79 589.6 339 203 237.4 409 144 200 232 317.7 123.3 95.4 84 128 141 148.3 428

Sheo 90 329.8 303.4 179 303 171 150 114 148.4 164 112 104 98 40 96 268.4 174

Siwana 151 743.7 284.1 423.9 309 402.6 258.7 246.4 387 446.3 224.1 174 140 110 132 304 1052

BARMER DIST. ( Mean AM) 96.4 543.6 374.7 244.9 283.3 289.2 170.9 186.2 255.5 297.6 190.3 153.7 114.6 83.9 171.8 244.9 632.7

SD 37.8 148.8 95.8 110.4 46.6 110.9 65.8 51.2 96.3 103.5 67.1 62.1 30.1 41.1 86.7 58.9 338.4

CV% 39 27 26 45 16 38 39 27 38 35 35 40 26 49 50 24 53

MEAN(WT) 93.8 495.3 369.8 226.1 279.8 262.5 166.2 167.9 234.6 262.1 177.3 141.1 113.0 71.8 171.8 243.3 533.8

DIFFERENCE 2.6 48.3 4.9 18.8 3.5 26.7 4.7 18.4 20.9 35.4 13.1 12.6 1.6 12.1 0.0 1.5 98.8

71

Stations/District 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Barmer 49 413 386 608 179 225 365 325 172 222 264 126 475 220 140

Chohtan 94.5 498.2 285 619 313 285.8 344 575 251 254 467 72 474 182 200

Pachpadra 144 430 231 430 401 216 382 339 249 225.5 236 167 506 291 266

Sheo 171 333 396 354 331 290 265 225 223 356 325 81 267 187 176

Siwana 178.4 555.6 443.1 408 274 346 543 450 288 249 271 107 609 262 223

BARMER DIST. ( Mean AM) 127.4 446.0 348.2 483.8 299.6 272.6 379.8 382.8 236.6 261.3 312.6 110.6 466.2 228.4 201.0

SD 54.8 84.9 87.2 121.6 81.6 53.2 101.6 133.8 42.9 54.8 92.1 38.1 124.3 47.4 47.6

CV% 43 19 25 25 27 20 27 35 18 21 29 34 27 21 24

MEAN(WT) 130.9 424.2 344.0 473.3 310.8 272.3 347.9 366.4 233.5 278.0 328.6 103.3 424.3 216.7 197.1

DIFFERENCE -3.5 21.8 4.2 10.5 -11.2 0.3 31.9 16.4 3.1 -16.7 -16.0 7.3 41.9 11.7 3.9

Stations/District 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Mean SD CV % AREA Sq.

Km. STATIONS RAINY DAYS Highest lowest

Barmer 759 255 207 167 433.5 343 258 263.8 163.2 61.9 2893.87 Barmer 14 759 37

Chohtan 875 181 294 240 560 605 203 288.0 188.2 65.4 4692.11 Chohtan 15 875 36

Pachpadra 547 294 424 156 501 359 189 246.1 134.8 54.8 3458.27 Pachpadra 15 590 37

Sheo 478 275 191 210 428 310 216 220.7 110.3 50.0 6616.32 Sheo 13 525 31

Siwana 503 288 418 201 722 305 288 349.6 202.3 57.9 2045.15 Siwana 17 1052 34

BARMER DIST. ( Mean AM) 632.4 258.6 306.8 194.8 528.9 384.4 230.8 273.6 142.5 52.1 19705.72

SD 175.2 45.9 111.4 33.9 120.7 125.4 41.1 49.1

CV% 28 18 36 17 23 33 18 18 MEAN 15

MEAN(WT) 628.5 254.4 282.3 200.4 503.6 393.2 221.8 260.9 SD 1

DIFFERENCE 3.9 4.2 24.5 -5.6 25.3 -8.8 9.0 12.7 CV % 10

72

District: Bikaner

Table2.3: Stations wise Annual Rainfall (in mm), Variability and District Rainfall Statistics

Stations/District 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973

Bikaner 199.4 309.9 218 225 374.6 287.5 113.8 284.5 174.1 357.7 323.2 54.4 127.6 298.7 185 278.1 212.9

Lunkaransar 263.6 360.1 261.5 265 282.3 262.3 96.5 269.5 192.6 363.3 278.5 92.4 219.4 328.3 126 161.9 308.2

Kolayat 143 140.5 184.5 190 196.4 158.5 60 443.9 116.3 276 307 80.5 179 393 120.5 175 240.6

Nokha 232.9 305.2 188.1 192 334 332.6 179.2 541 154 301.5 370 157 207 350.4 425.2 227.2 359.3

Dungargarh 196.6 663.3 291.1 295 354.3 181.1 161.5 232.7 133.9 321.6 301 310 63.9 503.5 220 246.8 331.1

BIKANER DIST. ( Mean AM) 207.1 355.8 228.6 233.4 308.3 244.4 122.2 354.3 154.2 324.0 315.9 138.9 159.4 374.8 215.3 217.8 290.4

SD 45.1 190.8 46.6 46.0 71.4 73.0 48.5 132.0 30.5 37.1 34.2 102.9 64.0 79.8 124.5 48.8 61.7

CV% 22 54 20 20 23 30 40 37 20 11 11 74 40 21 58 22 21

MEAN(WT) 199.5 253.9 209.9 214.8 272.1 238.1 100.4 393.6 151.8 315.7 314.3 94.1 186.6 353.8 190.2 197.7 276.1

DIFFERENCE 7.6 101.9 18.7 18.6 36.2 6.3 21.8 -39.2 2.4 8.4 1.6 44.8 -27.2 20.9 25.2 20.1 14.3

THESILS/DISTRICT 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990

Bikaner 363.3 212 364 383.4 340.1 228.6 195.3 409 337 558.5 136.5 161.3 333 188 243 297.9 291.6

Lunkaransar 136 317 462 487.2 580 223 241 262 434 448 122 127 213 175 196 159 270

Kolayat 159.1 270.4 336 286.9 373 299.2 177.9 108.3 335 476 255 104 152 188 144 333 192

Nokha 243.1 769.4 264.6 466.5 395.6 251.4 197.5 234.1 365 601 259 134 183 145 333 342 478

Dungargarh 156.7 459 504.4 604 696 76 259 300 426 904 252 123 247 180 327 314 317

BIKANER DIST. ( Mean AM) 211.6 405.6 386.2 445.6 476.9 215.6 214.1 262.7 379.4 597.5 204.9 129.9 225.6 175.2 248.6 289.2 309.7

SD 94.2 222.9 96.8 118.7 153.9 83.6 34.2 108.9 47.8 182.1 69.3 20.8 69.6 17.8 82.2 74.7 105.0

CV% 45 55 25 27 32 39 16 41 13 30 34 16 31 10 33 26 34

MEAN(WT) 201.0 368.6 358.6 387.0 424.7 259.8 200.3 218.0 366.1 505.6 203.7 124.5 201.5 176.5 208.7 285.2 281.9

DIFFERENCE 10.6 37.0 27.6 58.6 52.3 -44.2 13.8 44.7 13.3 91.9 1.2 5.4 24.1 -1.3 39.9 4.0 27.8

73

THESILS/DISTRICT 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Mean SD CV % AREA

Sq. Km. STATIONS RAINY DAYS Highest lowest

Bikaner 277 362 254 293.5 409 356 343 263.7 100.4 38.1 3084.5 Bikaner 17 559 32

Lunkaransar 207 340 545 416 783 549 558 296.3 157.3 53.1 5036.6 Lunkaransar 18 783 64

Kolayat 223 324.3 334 204 386 259 419 268.2 150.3 56.0 7957.6 Kolayat 16 894 60

Nokha 227 422 314 157 495 480 370 314.7 141.5 45.0 3803 Nokha 20 769 71

Dungargarh 202 231 369 199 417 380 193 320.0 167.2 52.2 Dungargarh 19 904 64

BIKANER DIST. ( Mean AM) 227.2 335.9 363.2 253.9 498.0 404.8 376.6 292.6 113.3 38.7 19882

SD 29.8 69.4 109.9 103.4 164.5 112.6 131.9 25.9

CV% 13 21 30 41 33 28 35 9 MEAN 18

MEAN(WT) 228.1 352.8 371.2 262.6 511.0 389.8 433.0 283.5 SD 2

DIFFERENCE -0.9 -17.0 -8.0 -8.7 -13.0 15.0 -56.4 9.1 CV % 9

Stations/District 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Bikaner 147.9 396 227 314 329 297 137 328 188 147 206 32 245 97 313

Lunkaransar 109 260 122 112 425 331 595 439 156 564 263 64 326 106 339

Kolayat 89 444 246 426 283 540 894 519 368 202 459 60.6 384.7 85.3 276

Nokha 79 500 267 335 242 616 541 234 351 310 270 71 392 205 224

Dungargarh 156 428.5 349 236 445 602 561 348 296 283 209 73 442 115 431

BIKANER DIST. ( Mean AM) 116.2 405.7 242.2 284.6 344.8 477.2 545.6 373.6 271.8 301.2 281.4 60.1 357.9 121.7 316.6

SD 34.5 89.7 81.7 117.8 88.2 152.2 269.7 109.1 95.6 160.5 103.6 16.5 75.4 47.9 77.2

CV% 30 22 34 41 26 32 49 29 35 53 37 27 21 39 24

MEAN(WT) 101.3 400.7 215.7 311.7 318.3 463.9 633.3 414.6 283.1 305.8 333.9 59.0 349.6 115.3 287.8

DIFFERENCE 14.9 5.0 26.5 -27.1 26.5 13.3 -87.7 -41.0 -11.3 -4.6 -52.5 1.1 8.4 6.4 28.8

74

District: JAISALMER

Table2.4: Stations wise Annual Rainfall (in mm), Variability and District Rainfall Statistics

Stations/District 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973

Jaisalmer 202.1 210.1 67 134.1 340.3 197.9 30.1 67.1 118 40.4 150.4 74.4 28 241.6 82.1 64.9 311.6

Fatehgarh 242.9 187.4 156.1 156.1 406.1 124 16.2 97 40.8 24 100.5 74.4 28.2 125 89.2 148 332

Pokran 229.5 130.1 154 154 287.5 190.8 84.8 153.4 218.3 210.7 152.6 38 29 190.2 154.4 88.6 141.4

Ramgarh 83.8 72.5 45.4 45.4 299.8 92.3 100.3 184.2 86.5 96 165 13 2 121.5 154 27 244.1

Sam 176.3 125 87.1 87.1 633.5 270.9 82.6 133.1 89.5 76.6 90.7 30 8 331.3 295.8 40.8 1304

Nokh 200.6 195.1 135 135 224.7 144.6 13.4 199.4 140 148 119 45 70 216 214 56.4 108.6

JAISALMER DIST. ( Mean AM) 189.2 153.4 107.4 118.6 365.3 170.1 54.6 139.0 115.5 99.3 129.7 45.8 27.5 204.3 164.9 71.0 407.0

SD 56.7 52.9 47.3 43.6 144.5 63.5 38.9 50.7 60.5 69.9 30.6 24.6 23.8 78.7 80.4 43.2 448.4

CV% 30 35 44 37 40 37 71 36 52 70 24 54 87 39 49 61 110

MEAN(WT) 213.5 187.7 98.7 141.5 334.7 187.8 42.1 91.9 134.1 80.8 145.3 65.4 28.3 215.6 100.8 80.2 271.7

DIFFERENCE -24.3 -34.3 8.8 -22.9 30.6 -17.7 12.5 47.1 -18.6 18.5 -15.6 -19.6 -0.7 -11.4 64.1 -9.2 135.2

THESILS/DISTRICT 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990

Jaisalmer 93.1 478 345 181 276.1 288.7 170.5 319.2 221.3 337.3 160.4 115.4 65 39 231.5 182 133

Fatehgarh 45 139 340 143.4 146 98 150 23 83 67 69 22 65 30 83 73 203

Pokran 62 339.5 363 203.5 138 178 207.5 108.9 135 434 171 175.5 102 130.5 179.5 108 118

Ramgarh 33.8 240.6 173 247 235 128 75 127 72 136 66 60 125 15 42 259.4 246.5

Sam 71 440 203 123 165 166 142.5 50 134 246 142 22 131.5 50 180 215.2 192

Nokh 94 142 275 189 108 162 148 201 167 335 88 94 167.3 74 82 99 140

JAISALMER DIST. ( Mean AM) 66.5 296.5 283.2 181.2 178.0 170.1 148.9 138.2 135.4 259.2 116.1 81.5 109.3 56.4 133.0 156.1 172.1

SD 24.6 146.4 80.1 44.1 64.1 65.1 43.4 108.4 55.0 137.6 47.3 59.5 40.2 41.4 74.1 73.9 49.7

CV% 37 49 28 24 36 38 29 78 41 53 41 73 37 73 56 47 29

MEAN(WT) 79.9 405.2 348.9 182.3 227.1 239.6 177.3 233.5 184.2 330.6 152.7 119.7 74.2 60.7 201.8 151.3 137.2

DIFFERENCE -13.5 -108.7 -65.7 -1.2 -49.1 -69.5 -28.4 -95.3 -48.8 -71.4 -36.6 -38.2 35.1 -4.2 -68.8 4.8 34.9

75

THESILS/DISTRICT 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Jaisalmer 127.8 227.3 370.7 196 320.5 190 185 333 248 145 321 63 178 47.3 220.5

Fatehgarh 81 105.5 274 287.7 234.2 211 187 318 233 368 333 44.5 324 148 190

Pokran 84 116.5 147.5 459 237 433 211.5 328 267 208 294.3 48.5 194 85 154

Ramgarh 36 154 154 326.6 162.2 116.8 230 273 182 34 121 9 212 29 57

Sam 63 326 177.5 212 233 116 246 204.1 373 78 79 51 163 77 114

Nokh 97 453.4 268 228 269 522 282.5 336 208.9 279 155 48 209 91 275

JAISALMER DIST. ( Mean AM) 81.5 230.5 232.0 284.9 242.7 264.8 223.7 298.7 252.0 185.3 217.2 44.0 213.3 79.6 168.4

SD 31.0 136.6 87.7 98.5 51.8 171.5 37.4 51.8 66.3 125.5 111.7 18.3 57.3 41.1 77.6

CV% 38 59 38 35 21 65 17 17 26 68 51 42 27 52 46

MEAN(WT) 111.6 186.0 304.4 271.6 290.0 252.6 191.8 330.1 251.0 185.9 315.7 57.3 198.5 68.1 200.6

DIFFERENCE -30.2 44.4 -72.5 13.3 -47.4 12.2 31.9 -31.4 1.0 -0.6 -98.5 -13.3 14.8 11.5 -32.1

THESILS/DISTRICT 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Mean SD CV % AREA Sq.

Km. STATIONS RAINY DAYS Highest lowest

Jaisalmer 512.8 195.2 173.5 91 309 277 219 195.5 112.0 57.3 24519 Jaisalmer 11 513 28

Fatehgarh 527 187 342 97 396 493 335 175.8 127.3 72.4 4352.3 Fatehgarh 9 527 16

Pokran 141 401 423 84 540 487 259 202.9 120.6 59.4 9516.8 Pokran 13 540 29

Ramgarh 157 178 139 100 386 162 183 134.2 88.3 65.8 Ramgarh 8 386 2

Sam 256 184.2 88 64.5 226.5 104 131.5 180.4 189.5 105.0 Sam 9 1304 8

Nokh 59 385 181 175 395 326 263 186.4 105.9 56.8 Nokh 10 522 13

JAISALMER DIST. ( Mean AM) 275.5 255.1 224.4 101.9 375.4 308.2 231.8 179.2 88.9 49.6 38389

SD 199.5 107.1 129.3 38.0 104.5 161.5 70.7 24.2

CV% 72 42 58 37 28 52 30 13 MEAN 10

MEAN(WT) 422.2 245.3 254.5 89.9 376.1 353.5 242.1 195.1 SD 2

DIFFERENCE -146.8 9.8 -30.0 12.0 -0.7 -45.4 -10.3 -15.9 CV % 18