R. Madsen - CO2 Surface Monitoring
Transcript of R. Madsen - CO2 Surface Monitoring
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LI-COR BiosciencesLI-COR Corporate OfficesLincoln, Nebraska, USA
Rod MadsenProduct Specialist
RECS 2013 – Plant Barry (June 21, 2013)
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DIVISIONS
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SUBSIDIARY OFFICES
LI-COR Environmental – GmbH
Bad Homburg, Germany
LI-COR Environmental – UK LtdCambridge, United Kingdom
www.licor.com/europe
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DISTRIBUTORS
23 distributors covering over 40
countries
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Surface Monitoring Instrumentation
for Carbon Sequestration
RodMadsen
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Leaks?
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Why Surface Monitoring?• Demonstrate that storage is a permanent
sequestration option
• Help refine the field deployment technologies for
large scale injections• Track migration over time for validation andcalibration of model predictions and monitoringtools
• Assure the public that human health and the
environment are high priorities – Establish baseline conditions – Refine early warning tools of storage leaks and
diagnosis of why storage may leak
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Instrumentation
Surface FluxAtmospheric
CO2 Mapping
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EDDY COVARIANCE METHOD
HamishMcGowanRoniAvissar
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• Airflowcanbeimaginedasahorizontalflowofnumerousrotating
eddiesofvarioussizes
• Eacheddyhas3Dcomponents,includingaverticalwindcomponent
• Diagramlookschaoticbutcomponentscanbemeasuredfromthe
tower,includinggasconcentration,temperatureandhumidity
WIND
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Atmospheric
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Atmospheric
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Fly-over CO2
measurements
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Surface Flux
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Spatial Sampling
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Temporal Sampling
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Spatial and Temporal
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F CO2
∝ (CO2soil - CO2
chamber ) +
mass flow
1. CO2soil not disturbed
2. P bench
~ P ambient
3. CO2chamber = CO2
air
4. P chamber = P ambient
5. Good mixing
6. No disturbance to soil moisture,
temperature or radiation
Requirements for a good measurement
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Requirement: Minimal Soil DisturbanceCO2soil not disturbed• Slowly close & open the
chamber
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Requirement: Pbench~Pambient
Flow Control
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Requirement: Pbench~Pambient
Flow Control
If no pressure controller, Pbench~ -10 kPa at 3 LPM
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Requirement: Pcham=Pambient
Key features: New pressure vent design
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Requirement: Good Mixing
t V
f
ot eC C −
=
Current LTC, 5.6 cm offset, flow=1.5 LPM
Time (s)
0 100 200 300 400 500
C O 2 ( p p m
)
0
200
400
600
800
Observed CO2 Response
Perfect Mixing (90% flow)
Perfect Mixing (110% flow)
Pump
V
Co
f
Soda lime
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Requirement: No disturbance to soil moisture, temperature or radiation
Key features: Move the chamber away when not in measurement
mode
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corn field
Day of Year 266 270 272 274 276
S o i l C O 2
f l u x ( µ m o l m - 2 s - 1 )
0
1
2
3
4
T e m p e r
a t u r e ( o C )
0
10
20
30
40
Within Row
Between Row
Temperature
3.3 mm rain event
Frost event (-2oC)
a. F CO2
higher within row than between rows
b. Rain event enhanced F CO2
c. Diurnal variation in F CO2
became smaller after a frost
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Mapping CO2
with the LI-8100A
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400450
500
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Conclusions• Surface CO2 measurements can be an important
part of a MVA protocol
• A baseline understanding of the ecosystem CO2
flux is essential for any type of leak detection• A combination of diurnal and spatial
measurements can answer the backgroundquestions fast and effectively
•
Public perception is key