Classification, Diagnostic Imaging, and Imaging Characteriza.pdf
Quality Management for Diagnostic Imaging
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Transcript of Quality Management for Diagnostic Imaging
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Quality Management
A broad term which encompasses both quality assurance and quality improvement, describing a program of evaluating the quality of care
using a variety of methodologies and techniques
This may entail going beyond commonly accepted standards to striving for stricter yet
generally achievable performance levels
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Reasons for Inspections
State regulatory requirement 3rd party payer requirement Employer expectations Standards of good practice
It is not uncommon that “inspections” include the minimum set of tests and evaluations needed to
fulfill the expectation or legal requirement (perhaps due to time constraints and priorities)
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Philosophy of Inspections
The goal of radiographic and fluoroscopic (R/F) inspections should be to provide value by evaluating and (if necessary) improving:
radiation safety image quality image consistency
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Quality Assurance
A planned and systematic pattern of all actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that the item or product conforms to established technical requirements.
Identifies problems Monitors problems Resolves problems
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Quality Control The operational techniques and the activities used to fulfill and
verify requirements of quality.
Inspection, analysis and action required to ensure quality of output.
A procedure for keeping quality of inputs or outputs to specifications.
Techniques ensuring that high quality is maintained through various stages of a process. For example, quality control during image capture might include comparing the scanned image to the original.
The control of variation of workmanship, processes, and materials in order to produce a consistent, uniform product.
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Sources of Requirements/Guidelines
ACMPACRAAPMNCRPCriteriaRadiographic and Fluoroscopic Units
AnnualAnnualAnnualAnnualCFRVisual Inspection/generalAnnualAnnualAnnualSemiannCFRCollimation:AnnualAnnualAnnualSemiannCFRPBL (if so equiped) AnnualAnnualAnnualAnnualGrid alignment and focusing
--- --- AnnualAnnualCFRLight field illuminationAnnualAnnualAnnualAnnualCFRHalf-value LayerAnnualAnnualAnnualAnnualCFRExposure timer accuracyAnnualAnnualAnnualAnnualCFRExposure reproducibilityAnnualAnnualAnnualAnnualExposure rates (mR/mAs):AnnualAnnualAnnualAnnualCFRmA/mAs Linearity:# 0.1AnnualAnnualAnnualAnnualkVp accuracyAnnual--- NewNewFocal spot sizeAnnualAnnualAnnualAnnualCFRSID Indication AccuracyAnnualAnnualAnnualSemiannAEC (phototiming):
AnnualAnnualAnnualCFRFluoro min source-skin distanceAnnualAnnualAnnualSemiannCFRMax fluoro entrance exposure rates (EER) AnnualAnnualAnnualSemiannTypical EER measurementsAnnualAnnualAnnualSemiannSpot film exposures and rates AnnualAnnualAnnualSemiannAutomatic brightness control functionAnnualAnnualAnnualSemiannFluoro resolution and sensitivity
----AnnualAnnualSemiannFluoro/TV system lag, flare
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GUIDELINES
NCRP Report No 102
Manufactureres
Radiographers Oregon Board of Radiologic Technology ARRT
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WHO MAKE IT WORK
RADIOGRAPHERS QC TECHNOLOGISTS SERVICE ENGINEERS MEDICAL PHYSICIST
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ELEMENTS OF A TYPICAL QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAMVisual Inspections
kVp accuracy testing
mA linearity testing
Timer accuracy testing
Focal spot size test
X-ray beam/light field/Bucky tray alignment evaluation
Intensified screen cleaning and testing
Illuminator cleaning and evaluation
Processor maintenance and control
X-ray evaluation of lead aprons and gloves
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Visual Inspection
Visually evident deficiencies often ignored/worked around by staff
Reporting deficiencies often leads to corrective actions
Include:Lights/LEDs workingProper technique indication Locks and interlocks workNo broken/loose dials,
knobsAny obvious electrical or
mechanical defects
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Measuring kV: Yesterday
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Measuring kVp: Today
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mA Linearity
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TIMER ACCURACY
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Timer Accuracy
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Focal Spot Size
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Collimation: Congruence
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Collimation: Congruence
Simple tools can suffice Relatively frequent issue,
particularly for portables Some uncertainty in
marking light field edges CFR Criteria: 2% of SID for
L/X congruence and indicator accuracy (1.5” at 72” SID !!)
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OTHER
CASSETTES: EXTERIOR
SCREENS VISUALLY INSPECTED
ILLUMINATION LIGHT METER
LEAD APRONS AND GLOVES REPEAT RATES
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CR/DR QC
Daily Density Check CR Cassettes IP plates
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FOCUS – PDCA METHOD
Find and define a problemOrganize a team to work on the improvementClarify the problem with current knowledgeUnderstand the problem and its causesSelect a method to improve the processPlan implementationDo the implementation and measure change.Check the resultsAct to continue improvements
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MONITORING IMAGES
PROCESSING SYSTEMS
REDUCES DOWN TIMEREDUCES NUMBER OF REPEATSREDUCES PATIENT DOSEREDUCES PATIENT WAITING TIMESREDUCES COSTSINCREASES CONFIDENCE IN PROFESSIONBOOSTS DEPARTMENT MORALE
EXTERNAL BEAM EVALUATION