QC Analytical Water Treatment ... - Stanley Consultants · Source Design Criteria General Iowa...

QC Analytical Water

Treatment/Distribution

ConferenceMay 23, 2016

QC Analytical Training Facility LeClaire, IA

Water System Master Planningby

Brian Roth, P.E.

Principal Civil Engineer

Stanley Consultants, Inc.

Muscatine, IA

Alice: Which road should I take?

Cheshire Cat: That depends on

where you are going.

Alice: I don’t know where I’m

going.

Cheshire Cat: Then it doesn’t

matter which road you take!

As Water Utility, do you feel like Alice?

Adapted from Lewis Carroll, Through the Looking Glass, 1872.

Water System Master Planning

Provides a framework

for decision making to

direct future short- and

long-range

development of the

water system.

• Includes history, trends, projections and goals;

• Blueprint for the future (guides growth);

• Puts your utility decisions on Target!


What does this mean for you as a Water Utility?

Master Planning Goals

• IMPROVE utilities’ capacity to predict flow and pressure

• DETERMINE system improvements needed to meet

current and projected water demands and meet

regulatory requirements.

• PRIORITIZE capital improvement projects that will

sustain reliable water supply, treatment and distribution

into the future.

• DELIVER high quality water to all customers


Audience Pole Questions

• What type of water system do you have?

– Municipal

– Industrial

– Institutional (college/university)

– Military



• What population size do you serve?

– Less than 1,000

– Between 1,000 to 5,000

– Between 5,000 to 10,000

– More than 10,000



• How many pressure zones do you serve?

– One

– Two

– More than Two



• Who has a master plan within last 10 years?

– Yes

– No



• Who has water system issues that worry you?

– Yes

– No


Who needs to Master Plan?

Every water system responsible for

delivery of adequate & safe water to

customers

• Addresses Demand/Supply Issues

• Addresses Treatment/Quality Issues

• Addresses Regulatory Compliance

• Addresses Aging Infrastructure


Why Plan At All?

Required by Regulating Agencies

• Iowa DNR Construction Permit

– Preliminary Engineering Report (PER) i.e., Master Plan for

major improvements or technical information justifying

improvement for smaller projects

• Iowa State Revolving Fund (SRF) Requires PER

Water System Master PlanningWhy Plan At All?

Financial Planning• Rate setting (allows income to meet current and

expected future system expenditures)

• Permits orderly growth

• Needed as responsible action by Water Utility to rate

payers, utility boards and city councils

Training, Transitions• Communicates institutional knowledge

– When it is needed

– What type of training required


Why Plan At All?

Operation and Maintenance• Places emphasis on Preventive Maintenance instead of

Reactive Maintenance/Repairs


Why Plan At All?

“It’s the Right Thing to Do!”


• Vision Phase

• Information Gathering Phase

• Analysis and Decision-Making Phase

• Facility Master Plan and Capital Improvement Plan

Phase


Vision Phase

• Define Goals (where do we want to be in 20 years?)

– Extent of service area

– Level of technology

• SCADA

• Meter Reading

• GIS

– Resource Allocation

• Funds

• Personnel

• Equipment


Vision Phase (cont.)

• Anticipate ways to meet expected regulation

• System Operations

– Maintain Status Quo

– Change in Direction

• New WTP?

• Sell/Buy water to/from another utility

• Water supply source


Information Gathering Phase

• Collect Data

– Previous reports, records, logs

– Pumping records

– Demand from meter/billing records

– Fire demand (from Insurance Services Office and/or fire

department)

– Population data (trends, land us, projections)

– Water quality information including source and treated water

– Maintenance records/programs


Information Gathering Phase (cont.)

• Collect Data

– Facility condition reports including:

• Water mains, fire hydrants, valves, storage, wells, pumps, treatment,

surface water intake

– Maps (pipe network, topographic)

– Pump curves

– Storage tank data (capacity, operating levels)

– IDNR, 10 State Standards, local rules, regulations and criteria

– Water treatment unit capacity, operating conditions, etc.

– Water supply capacity, sustainability, operating conditions, etc.


Analysis and Decision-Making Phase

• Water Use Projections

– Compile water billed from previous 5-10 years

– Compile water pumped from previous 5-10 years

– Determine

• Average day water use

• Maximum day water use

• Peak hour water use

– Project water use based on anticipated population growth

– Evaluate fire demands (location and amount)

– Identify top 10 or 15 water users

– Calculate unmetered/unbilled/unaccounted for water

Data EntryResults


Analysis and Decision-Making Phase (cont.)• Existing Facilities

– Pressure Zones

• Take into account service area, topography, desired pressure

– Storage

• Condition assessment (when last inspected, painted, cathodic protection, etc.)

• Establish how each is used (control pumps, effective capacity, turnover, etc.)

– High Service Pumps

• Number, capacity, duty and standby (determine firm capacity)

• How operated (sequencing, soft start/stop, manual/automatic control)

– Distribution System

• Pipe location, sizes (accurate mapping)

• Pipe age and material

• Maintenance programs (hydrant flushing, valve exercising)

• W.Q. issues (red water complaints)

• Maintenance issues (break history)


Analysis and Decision-Making Phase (cont.)

• Raw Water Sources

– Groundwater (number, depth, capacity, W.Q.)

• Maintenance issues (reduction in yield, etc.)

• Pump condition

• Water quality

• Reliability

– Surface Water

• Condition and maintenance of intake, pumps, etc.

• Water quality (seasonal variations)

• Maintenance issues

• Reliability


Analysis and Decision-Making Phase (cont.)

• Treatment Facilities

– Schematic flow diagram (processes, chemical addition)

– Condition and maintenance issues

– Redundancy/flexibility

– Operational control

– Type of chemicals and quantities

– Capacity (max day)


Analysis and Decision-Making Phase (cont.)• Regulation

– Water supply/water quality

• Safe Drinking Water Act

• Lead & Copper Rule

• Total Coliform Rule

• Comprehensive Surface Water Treatment Rules

• Stage 1 Disinfectants & Disinfection Byproducts Rule

• Consumer Confidence Report Rule

• Stage 2 Disinfectants & Disinfection Byproducts Rule

• Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Treatment Rule

• Ten State Standards

• Iowa Administrative Code & IDNR Guidelines

• Future Regulations


Analysis and Decision-Making Phase (cont.)• Water Distribution

– Ten State Standards

• Pumps, storage, water mains, pressure

– Iowa DNR (Guidelines)

• Pumps, storage, water mains, pressure

– Insurance Services Office (ISO)

• Use recommended by Ten State Standards & Iowa DNR


Analysis and Decision-Making Phase (cont.)• Water Supply & Treatment Evaluations

– Establish W.Q. target for finished water

– Determine capacity of supply and WTP unit processes

– Compare to design criteria from regulation (loading and W.Q.)

– Identify deficiencies

– Recommend improvements

• Develop cost

• Prioritize


Analysis and Decision-Making Phase (cont.)• Water Distribution System

– The heart of a water distribution system analysis is a computer

model of the network

• Software (model) selection is important first step

• Used to identify and make decisions on:

– Deficiencies (pipes, storage, pumps, pressure zone boundaries)

– Pipe sizing

– Pump operations

– Storage location & effectiveness


Analysis and Decision-Making Phase (cont.)• Water Distribution System

– Enter all characteristics of network into model• Pipes, pumps, storage, PRVs, demands, hydrants, operating conditions

– Analyze and evaluate water system performance for:• Average day demand

• Maximum day demand

• Peak hour demand

• Fire demand

• Storage refilling

– Compare performance to design criteria from regulation/guidelines

– Identify deficiencies

– Recommend improvements• Develop cost

• Prioritize


Capital Improvement Plan Phase• Develop list of deficiencies

• Develop list of improvements to correct deficiencies

• Cost each improvement

• Prioritize Improvements

• Develop a timeline for implementation

• Summarize MASTER PLAN in final report (PER)


Typical Report Table of Content• General

• Water Quality

• Water Demands

• Water Supply

• Water Treatment

• Water Storage

• Water Pumping

• Water Transmission/Distribution

• Cost Estimating

• Recommendations


Rule of Thumb – Planning Horizon• 20 Years


Rule of Thumb - Frequency• Update Every 10 Years

• At major milestone events:

– New regulations

– Adding new demands

– Losing major water customer

– Major capital improvements


Rule of Thumb – Average Day DemandSource Design Criteria

General (default)

Iowa Water Supply Facilities Design Standards

10 States Standards

100 gpcpd

100 gpcpd (>500 people)80 gpcpd (100-500 people)60 gpcpd (<100 people)

None


Rule of Thumb – Maximum Day DemandSource Design Criteria

General


10 States Standards

2 x average day

2 x average day (>500 people)2.5 x average day (<500 people)

None


Rule of Thumb – Peak Hour DemandSource Design Criteria

General


10 States Standards

Varies with water system

9.0 x average day (< 220 people) 7/P0.167 x average day (>220 people) Where P= population in 1,000s

7.0 for 1K4.8 for 10K3.2 for 100K

None


Rule of Thumb – Fire DemandSource Design Criteria

Insurance Services Office (ISO)(see Fire Suppression Rating Schedule for details)


10 States Standards

3,500 gpm (Maximum Basic Fire Flow) Needed Fire Flow for specific buildings:Up to 2,500 gpm for 2 hrs. (300 K gal)3,000-3,500 gpm for 3 hrs. (630 K gal)>3,500 gpm for 4 hrs. (840 K gal)

Use State ISO Recommendations Minimum: 500 gpm

In accordance with State ISO Requirements


Rule of Thumb – Maximum Day + Fire Demand

• Compare to peak hour

• Typically more demanding due to concentrate, localized

water demands

• Assume elevated storage is near empty (end of fire)


Rule of Thumb – Prioritization

Flow Condition Current Future

Average Day Priority 1 Priority 5

Maximum Day Priority 2 Priority 6

Peak Hour Priority 3 Priority 7

Max Day & Fire Priority 4 Priority 8

Prioritization sets the order of improvement implementation. Improvements needs to be designed to accommodate future peak hr/max day & fire flow conditions.


Rule of Thumb – Unaccounted for WaterSource Design Criteria

General


10 States Standards

<10 percent

None

None


Rule of Thumb – Working PressureSource Design Criteria

General


10 States Standards

Normal range: 35-90 psi Optimum: 60 psiMinimum during fire flow: 20 psi

Working pressure: 60 psi Minimum working pressure: 35 psi Minimum during fire flow: 20 psi

Normal working pressure: 60-80 psiMinimum working pressure: 35 psi Minimum pressure: 20 psi


Rule of Thumb – Topography Effects

Static HGL

H2 = 100 ft

H1 = 120 ft

System Pressure (PSI) = H (ft) x 0.43 (PSI/ft)

Example: H1 = 120 ftH2 = 100 ft

H1 ≈ 120 ft x 0.43 (PSI/ft)≈ 52 PSI

H2 ≈ 100 ft x .43 (PSI/ft)≈ 43 PSI

20 ft change in topography ≈ 9 PSI


Rule of Thumb – Pipe SizeSource Design Criteria

General


10 States Standards

Absolute minimum: 4" Minimum serving hydrants: 6"

Absolute minimum: 2" Minimum serving hydrants: 6"

Absolute minimum: None Minimum serving hydrants: 6"


Rule of Thumb – System Pipe Velocity• Average/Max Day – limit to 2 ft/sec

• Fire – limit to 5 ft/sec

• Higher velocities result in higher headlosses/lower

system pressures

• Localized high velocities (ex. Pump Discharge) is ok

• Maximum ≤ 10 ft/sec


Rule of Thumb – Friction Factor• Estimates the system headlosses

• Varies by pipe material

• Varies by pipe age

• Typically includes minor headlosses for fittings/valves


Rule of Thumb – Quick Pipe Capacity Comparison

Pipe Dia(inch)

Pipe Area( Sq Ft )

Pipe Velocity(Ft/Sec) (Cu Ft/Sec) GPM

6 (3/12)²∏=0.20 2 0.4 180

8 (4/12)²∏=0.35 2 0.7 315

12 (6/12)²∏=0.80 2 1.6 720

Flow Rate

Pipe Flow = Pipe Area x Pipe VelocityPipe Area = R² ∏


Rule of Thumb – Supply• Water quality is dependent upon the supply source

• Surface water – typically more variable in water

quality/temperature

• Well water – typically harder in water quality

• Supply rate - firm capacity greater than Maximum day

• Requires redundant power supply

• Reclaimed water – gaining in use/popularity


Rule of Thumb – Treatment• Water treatment is dependent upon the supply

source/quality

• Treatment rate - firm capacity greater than Maximum

Day


• Membrane Treatment – gaining in use/popularity,

pretreatment requirements vary based on water

source/quality


Rule of Thumb – Storage

• Storage volume is dependent upon water demands and

fire flows

• Storage volume is to simplify pumping/treatment

requirements from peak hour to maximum day

• Elevated water storage can have water quality impacts

• Need to purposely let the tank fill/empty over typical day

• Can take advantages of off peak electrical rates


Rule of Thumb – Storage Location

• Typically located away from pumping to reduce system

headlosses

• Typically located on high ground to reduce tank

height/construction costs

HGL

Pump Station

HGL

Flow Flow


Rule of Thumb – Storage VolumeSource Design Criteria

General


Per Procedures in " AWWA M32, Section 5

Effective storage = maximum day demand

Minimum total storage = average day demand for systems not providing fire protectionFor systems providing fire protection, storage is larger of the following:Effective storage = average day demand or QfTf+0.8QiTf Qf = fire flow demand rate (gpm) Tf = fire flow duration (min.)Qi = instantaneous peak flow (gpm)(These values may be reduced if additional source, pumping, and emergency power is available)


Rule of Thumb – Storage Volume (cont)Source Design Criteria

10 States Standards Minimum storage: average day demand (where no fire protection provided)


Rule of Thumb – Pumping• Pumping capacity is dependent upon the water storage

type

• Pumping rate = firm capacity greater than Maximum Day

with elevated water storage

• Pumping Capacity = firm capacity greater than Peak Hr

without elevated water storage



Rule of Thumb – PumpingSource Design Criteria

General


Maximum day rate with largest pump out of service

a) If adequate effective elevated storage is available, each ground storage facility is equipped with 2 service pumps each capable of pumping at maximum day rate.

b) If effective storage is less than minimum required, high services pumping is determined as:

HSP Capacity = QP24 + (Qi – QP24 +Qf)(1-Actual Effective Elevated Storage/Storage per 7.1.3.d)


Rule of Thumb – Pumping (Cont)Source Design Criteria


10 States Standards

Where: HSP = High Service Pump Firm Capacity QP24 = Maximum day demand rate (gpm)Qi = Instantaneous peak flow rate (gpm) Qf = Fire flow demand rate (gpm)Storage per Chap 7.1.3d: = QfTf + 0.2 x maximum day demand (gallons) when adequate emergency power is available and Tf = fire flow duration

Minimum of 2 pumping units providing maximum daily pumping demand with largest pump out of service


Rule of Thumb – Hydrant CoverageSource Design Criteria

General


10 States Standards

Spacing: 1 every 400 feet

None

Spacing: at each street intersection and 1 every 350 to 600 feet depending on area served


Modeling• Estimating water supply under various water demand

conditions is difficult

• Water modeling provides tool to estimate system

response

• Results need to make sense on a gut level


Rate Study• Water master planning typically results in capital

improvement projects

• Water system should be a self funding enterprise

• Rates need to cover capital improvement projects

CONCLUSION

Don’t ever be in Alice’s position

and have to ask, “Which road

should I take?”

Master Planning will make the direction clear

and the road straight!

For any questions or support,

please contact Brian Roth563-264-6638 [email protected]

Thank you !

QC Analytical Water Treatment ... - Stanley Consultants · Source Design Criteria General Iowa...

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