CODETI Division 3 - 2014 Code for Construction of Penstocks

Including the Addendum 10-14

CODETI Division 3 – 2014In addition to the common rules of the codes for construction, CODETI Division 3 - 2014:

• defines rules of stress analysis for checking the strength of specific parts

• proposes a procedure for fatigue strength analysis

• gives recommendations for the selection of the welded assemblies

• details the rules of implementation of non-destructive testing as TOFD and Ultrasonic with phased arrays

In accordance with Divisions 1 and 2 of the CODETIBy integrating the practices and most recent knowledge into the sector of hydroelectric power production, Division 3 of CODETI completes the developments of Divisions 1 and 2.

CODETI Division 3 - 2014 also follows the structure of the other codes of the SNCT (CODAP, COVAP, CODRES).

BDMat includedThe Materials Database (BD MAT), realized by SNCT and CETIM, is sent as a complement to the CODETI Division 3 – 2014. This database provides mechanical and physical characteristics of grades of ferrous and non-ferrous materials from European, French, German and American specifications, when available in the specification.

A unique codeCODETI Division 3 - 2014 is the first code for construction which covers all the requirements relating to the design and the manufacturing of penstocks and auxiliary piping. It combines and updates the various works led by the SNCT and the CECT (European Committee of Boiler, Vessel and Pipework Manufacturers) since 1979.

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Partie G (General)

Partie M (Materials)

Partie C (Design and Calculations)

Partie F (Fabrication)

Partie CE (Testing, Proof tests, Inspection)

Specifies the organization of the code and allows to classify the requirements (construction category) relating to the design and the fabrication of penstock sections or exposed penstock, buried penstock or steel tunnel liner.

Allows the selection of unalloyed steels following European and American specifications.

Specifies the rules for design and calculation of components entering the fabrication of penstocks (tubes, elbows, ends, branch connections, flanged connections, expansion joint bellows…) and also rules relating to flexibility analysis.

Specifies the fabrication rules of unalloyed steels penstocks (design of welded joints, bending and forming, welding, heat treatment), the tolerances and the requirements relating to the completion of the installation.

Provide the rules relating to testing, proof tests and inspection to be performed during and at the end of fabrication of the penstocks.

CODETI Division 3 : 2014 • Part G – GENERAL

5

H(m)

10000

1000

100

30

10

1 0,1 1 10 DN (m)

Table G5.1 - Penstock classes (§ G5.1) and Penstock-section categories (§ G5.2).

Class A (G5.1) Category III (G5.2)

H DN = 700

H DN = 350

Class B (G5.1) Category II (G5.2)

Class C (G5.1) Category I (G5.2)

Non-classified (G5.1) Not classified into categories (G5.2)

CODETI Division 3 : 2014 • Part C – DESIGN AND CALCULATIONS Section C2 - COMPONENTS OF EXPOSED PENSTOCKS, STEEL TUNNEL LINERS OR BURIED PENSTOCKS

SUBJECTED TO INTERNAL PRESSURE

1510

C2.4.2 - Notation

For the purpose of this chapter, the following nota-tion shall apply:

De = Outside diameter of the pipe

Dm = Mean diameter of the pipe

Rs = Radius of a mitre bend, defined as the shortest distance from the pipe axis to the intersection of the planes containing adja-cent connection lines (see Figure C2.4.2-1 and -2)

eu = Analysis thickness (see C1.5)

θ

θ

l

θ2θ

2θ

Rs

Rs

De

Dm

Figure C2.4.2-1 - Multiple mitre bend or closely spaced mitre bends.

θ

Rs

Dm

De

Rs

l

Figure C2.4.2-2 - Widely spaced mitre bend or single mitre bend

C2.4.3 - Closely spaced mitre bends or multiple mitre bends

The maximum allowable internal pressure (PMA) shall be the pressure calculated from the formula C2.4.3-1 or C2.4.3-2 hereafter, whichever is the lesser. These equations shall only apply for an angle θ less than or equal to 22,5°.

+

=

umu

u

m

u

5,0tan643,02

eDee

DezfPMA

θ

(C2.4.3-1)

−−

=

ms

ms

m

u

25,05,02

DRDR

DezfPMA (C2.4.3-2)

C2.4.4 - Widely spaced mitre bends or single mitre bends

The maximum allowable internal pressure (PMA) for a bend with an angle θ less than or equal to 22,5° is the pressure calculated from the following equation:

+

=

umu

u

m

u

5,0tan643,0

2

eDe

eD

ezfPMA

θ

(C2.4.4-1)

The maximum allowable internal pressure (PMA) for a bend with an angle θ greater than 22,5° is the pressure calculated from the following equation:

+

=

umu

u

m

u

5,0tan25,1

2

eDe

eD

ezfPMA

θ

(C2.4.4-2)

C2.4.5 - Adjacent straight pipe sections of mitre bends

The wall thickness shall be maintained for a distance l, measured from the inside crotch of the end mitre welds (Figure C2.4.1-1 and -2), and calculated from the following formula:

−= θtan

2;0,52,5MAX m

sumDReDl

(C2.4.5)

CODETI Division 3 : 2014 • Part CE – TESTING - PROOF TESTS - INSPECTION Annex CEA9 – ULTRASONIC TESTING WITH PHASED-ARRAY PROBE

4107

The steering and focusing delay laws may be combined for steering the beam into a given direction and focusing it at a given point. The diagram of the combination of these two delay laws is represented in Figure CEA9.1.2.3-3.

Figure CEA9.1.2.3-3 - Steering and focusing delay law

Note: The more the beam is steered (relative to the nominal probe angle), the more the risk of occurrence of grating lobes of large amplitude increases. This phenomenon is illustrated in Figure CEA9.1.2.3-4. The use of a wedge - for an examination with a refraction angle not equal to zero – enables the occurrence of grating lobes that are likely to interfere with the examination to be limited.

Note 1: Main grating lobe Note 2: Array grating lobe

Figure CEA9.1.2.3-4 - Grating lobes

At the reception, the delay laws applied make it possible to put these elementary signals in phase, which are summed to form the signal received. In most cases, the delay laws at transmission and at reception are identical.

CEA9.1.2.4 – Implementation of the examination technique using phased-array probes

CEA9.1.2.4.1 – Terms relating to examination technique using phased-array probes

A shot refers to an acquisition performed with a delay law at transmission.

A sequence refers to the set of acquisitions obtained with the same combination of transmitting and receiving channels, i.e. for a fixed aperture of the probe. A sequence may be composed of one or several shots.

The salvo refers to the set of acquisitions obtained (or delay laws applied) with the array in a mechanical position. A salvo may be composed of one or several sequences.

CEA9.1.2.4.2 - Types of electronic scanning used

The electronic scanning may be:

− Mono-sequential: This type of scanning includes only one sequence that may be composed of one or several shots. The set of shots of the sequence will be performed by the same elements.

− Multi-sequential: This type of scanning includes more than one sequence. Each sequence may be composed of one or several shots.

The ultrasonic testing with phased arrays may be implemented with two different scanning types:

− linear electronic scanning: this scanning is multi-sequential. The position of the ultrasonic beam is modified electronically without moving the probe mechanically. (see Figure CEA9.1.2.4.2-1)

Figure CEA9.1.2.4.2-1 - Example of linear scanning - 60°.

− Sectorial (or angular) electronic scanning: this scanning is mono-sequential. The orientation (or refraction angle) of the ultrasonic beam is modified electronically (see Figure CEA9.1.2.4.2-2)

Figure CEA9.1.2.4.2-2 - Example of sectorial scanning - 45° - 70°.

CEA9.1.2.5 - Representation of the results

The ultrasonic testing with phased-array probes enables more elaborate modes of representation to be used than in the case of conventional ultrasonic testing (with a single-element probe) (see Figure CEA9.1.2.5-1).

Note 1 Note 2

Penstock and penstock-section classificationTable G5.1 - Penstock classes (§ G5.1) and Penstock-section categories (§ G5.2).

Ultrasonic testing with phased-array probeFigure CEA9.1.2.4.2-2 - Example of sectorialscanning - 45° - 70°.

Design of the componentsFigure C2.4.2-2 - Widely spaced mitre bend orsingle mitre bend

CODETI Division 3 - 2014 Code for Construction of Penstocks

Including the Addendum 10-14

Sales contact:

Muriel Van-MarleE-mail : snct-pub@snct.org

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