PSC November 15 - Kerala Public Service Commission · 2018. 8. 21. · Vol. 27 Issue 19 Fortnightly...

Vol. 27 Issue 19 Fortnightly June 1, 2016 Page 24 ` 10

PSC Bulletin, Official Publication of Kerala Public Service Commission

SINCE 1985

website: www.keralapsc.gov.in E-mail: [email protected] Circulation : 0471-2546270

14˛mw- tIcf \n-bak`bn¬- ap-Jy-a¥n-bm-bn- ]n-Wdm-bn- hn-Pb≥- Kh¿-W¿- ]n- kZm-in-hw-

ap-ºm-sI kXy-]Xn-⁄sNbv-Xv- A[n-Im-cta‰t∏mƒ-

\ΩpsS kaq-l-Øn¬ Hu]-Nm-cn-I-hpw, A\u-]-Nm-cn-I-hp-amb

\nc-h[n ]co-£-I-fmWv Hcm-fpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ t\-cn-tS-≠-

Xv. hnZ-ym-`-ymk ]ptcm-K-Xn-°pw, sXmgn¬ t\Sm-\pw, PohnX

hnP-b-Øn\pw ]co-£-Iƒ A\n-hm-c-y-am-Wv. ]mb-t`-Z-a-t\y

]co-£-Isf kw_-‘n® Bi-¶-I-fpw hym-]-I-am-Wv. sXmgn¬

t\Sm-\p≈ a’c ]co£I-fpsS Iq´-Øn-emWv ]n.-F-kv.-kn.

]co-£-I-fpsS ÿm\w. FÆqtdmfw XkvXn-I-Iƒ°mbn Ac-

t°m-Sn-bn-e-[nIw t]¿ h¿jm-h¿jw ]n.-F-kv.-kn. ]co-£-

Iƒ°v hnt[-b-cm-Ip-∂p. DtZ-ym-Km¿∞n-I-fpsS tbmK-yX

FgpØpw hmb-\bpw Adn-bm-hp-∂-h¿ apX¬ _ncp-Zm-\-¥-c -

_n-cp-Zhpw t]mÃv tUmIvS-d¬ UnKnbpw D≈-h¿ hsc-bm-

Wv. ]mtbm-KnI ]cnN-bhpw a‰v tbmK-yX-Iƒ t\Sn-b-hcpw

\nc-h-[n-bm-Wv. Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-tS≠ XkvXn-I-bpsS tbmK-

yX ASn-ÿm-\-am°n Hmtcm ]co-£-Iƒ°pw Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-

cn-°p∂ hnj-b-ß-fpsS sshhn-[-yhpw ]n.-F-kv.-kn. ]co£-

I-fpsS amXw ]tX-y-I-X-bm-Wv. Hmtcm h¿jhpw GXm-

s≠√m Znh-k-ß-fnepw \S-Øs∏Sp∂ ]n.-F-kv.kn. ]co-£-

I-fn¬ ]s¶Sp-°p∂ DtZ-ym-Km¿∞n-I-fpsS FÆhpw ]co-

£bv°v Dƒs∏Sp-Øp∂ hnjb-ß-fpsS sshhn-[-yhpw IW-

]co-£m GP≥kn-I-fn¬

]n.-F-kv.-kn. H∂m-aXv

]n.-k-Xo-jvIp-am¿I¨tSm-f¿ Hm^v FIvkm-an-t\-j≥kv AUo-j-W¬ skI-´dn

tIcf ]ªnIv k¿∆okv IΩo-j≥

(tijw- t]Pv- 3¬)-

UFRkvs]jy¬

FACTS ABOUT KERALAB[p-\n-I C¥y-

PRACTICE QUESTIONSC¥y-≥- kw-ÿm-\ßƒ

am-\kn-Itijn-,- KWn-Xw

1000Questions &

Answers

2 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2016 Pq - 1

hcnkwJy ˛ $ 200

aWn-tbm¿U-dmbn Abt°≠ hnemkw:

]ªn-Iv- dn-tej≥-kv- Hm-ô-k¿,-

tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-ho-kv- IΩnj≥,-

]´w- ]m-ekv- ]n.-H., Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw-˛695004

h-cn-°m¿- _p-≈-‰n-≥ kw-_-‘n-®v- I-sØ-gp-Xp-tºm-gpw-t^m-¨- sN-øp-tºm-gpw- _p-≈-‰n-\n-s‚- te-_-en-ep-≈-

k-_v-kv-ssI-_¿- \-º¿- Ir-Xy-am-bn- kq-Nn-∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.-

hcn°mcpsS i≤bv°v

sI]n-Fkv-kn- Bkv-Ym-\ Bô-kv,- ]´w,- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw-

sl. category Name of Post & Dept. Date

No No 2016 Mar.

1. 078/13 Skilled Assistant Gr.II-Electrical

Inspectorate 01,02

2 587/12 Lecturer in Geography - Collegiate

Education Department 01,02,03

3 317/15 Non Vocational Teacher English (Jr) - NCA-

ST, Kerala Vocational Higher Secondary

Education Department 03

4 311/15 Higher Secondary School Teacher (Jr.)

Sanskrit (3rd NCA - LC) - Kerala Higher

Secondary Education 03

5 78/13 Skilled Assistant Gr.II -Electrical

Inspectorate 03

6 542/15 Assistant Executive Engineer (Civil)

SR for ST only - Irrigation Department 03

7 054/15 Assistant Engineer (Civil) NCA-OX -

PWD/Irrigation 03

8 206/15 Medical Officer (Nature Cure) - Indian

Systems of Medicine * 08


Systems of Medicine * 08,09


Systems of Medicine * 08,09

11 694/12 Syrang-NCA-SIUC Nadar - Kerala State

Water Transport Department 08

12 696/12 Syrang-NCA-Muslim - Kerala State Water

Transport Department 08

13 211/10 Training Instructor (Welder) - (Direct & B/T) -

212/10 Scheduled Caste Development Department 08

14 545/15 HSST(Jr) Mathematics (SR for ST only) -

Kerala Higher Secondary Education 09

15 59/10 Training Instructor (Electronic Mechanic) -

Scheduled Caste Development Department 09

16 008/14 Studio Attender (Sculpture) - College of

Fine Arts - Technical Education 09

17 Departmental Test-January 2016 –Second

Class Language Test in Malayalam –

(Tamil/Kannada) - Part B - Viva-voce (9+2) 10

18 783/14 Municipal Secretary (SR for SC/ST only) -

Urban Affairs 10

19 318/12 Tracer - NCA Dheevara - Town and

Country Planning 10

20 251/15 Guard Gr.II (NCA Dheevara) - Kerala

Ceramics Limited 10

sI]n-Fkv-kn- Pn-√m- Bô-kv,- sIm-√w--

1. 666/12 Junior Public Health Nurse Gr.II - Health 01,02,03

Services Department/Municipal Common 08,09,10

Services 15,16

2 369/14 Tug Driver - Port Department

65/14 KKD NCA E-5, TVPM -5, KKD -10, KLM

321/13 NCA-E -5 17

3 589/13 Assistant Manager, NCA-LC/AI - Kerala

Financial Corporation Limited 17

3 588/13 Assistant Manager, NCA-OBC - Kerala


4 590/13 Assistant Manager, NCA-Muslim - Kerala


C≥-d¿-hyq- t]m-Kmw- Pq¨- 2016

sl. category Name of Post & Dept. DateNo No 2016 Mar.

sI]n-Fkv-kn- Pn-√m- Bô-kv,- Be∏p-g

1 666/12 Junior Public Health Nurse Gr.II - Health 01,02,03


Services 15,16

2 77/13 Part Time Junior Language Teacher

(Sanskrit) - Education Department 16,17

sI]n-Fkv-kn- Pn-√m- Bô-kv,- tIm-´bw-

1 211/14 HSA (Malayalam)(B/T) - Education

Department 01


Services Department/Municipal Common 08,09,

Services 15,16

sI]n-Fkv-kn- Pn-√m- Bô-kv,- ]Ø\w-Xn-´


Services Department/Municipal Common 22,23

Services

2 603/14 Staff Nurse Gr.II (NCA-Hindu Nadar) -

Health Services Department * 23

sI]n-Fkv-kn- Pn-√m- Bô-kv,- FdWm-Ip-fw-



Services 22

2 264/13 Security Officer - Forest Industries

(Travancore) Limited 22

3 495/14 Pharmacist Gr.II (NCA-SIUC N) -


4 471/10 Deputy General Manager (Part I) -

District Co-operative Bank 23

5 128/12 General Manager (Part I) - District Co-

operative Bank 23

sI]n-Fkv-kn- Pn-√m- Bô-kv,- ae∏p-dw-

1 216/14 Chaueffeur Grade II - Tourism Department 15

2 666/12 Junior Public Health Nurse Gr.II - Health 16,17

Services Department/Municipal Common 22,23

Services 24

sI]n-Fkv-kn- Pn-√m- Bô-kv,- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv-

1 666/12 Junior Public Health Nurse Gr.II - Health

Services Department/Municipal Common

Services 15,16,17

sI]n-Fkv-kn- Pn-√m- Bô-kv,- hb\m-Sv-

1 216/14 Chaueffeur Grade II - Tourism Department 22,23

sI]n-Fkv-kn- Pn-√m- Bô-kv,- IÆq¿-

1 666/12 Junior Public Health Nurse Gr.II - Health


Services 08

2 143/13 Pharmacist Gr.II (NCA-LC/AI) -


3 256/15 Last Grade Servants (Ex.Servicemen only)

(II NCA - SIUC N) - NCC/Sainik Welfare 08

4 288/14 LPSA (Malayalam)- B/T - Education

Department 09

5 352/15 Part Time Junior Language Teacher

(Arabic) UPS (IV NCA- E/B/T)-

Education Department 09

6 327/14 Male Warden (NCA - LC/AI) - Scheduled

Caste Development Department 09

* Denotes Examination was conducted Online

]Xm[n]kanXn A[y-£≥-

io.- Atim-I≥- Ncp-hn¬saº¿-, tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩo-j≥

]Xm[n]kanXn Aw-Kßƒ-

tUm.- sI Djsaº¿,- tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩo-j≥

io.- ]n- in-hZm-k≥-saº¿,- tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩo-j≥

io-aXn.- kn-an- tdm-kv-s_¬- tPm¨-saº¿, tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩo-j≥

AUz.- C cho-µ\m-Y≥-saº¿,- tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩo-j≥

FUn-‰¿

km-Pp -tPm¿-Pv-

skI´dn-,- tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩo-j≥-

]ªnIv dntej≥kv Hmôk¿

sI.-B¿.-a-t\m-PvIpam¿ ]n-≈

t^m¨ : 0471 2546368 OR 9446412483k¿°ptej≥ (]n.B¿.bqWn‰v): 0471 2546270

H‰ØhW cPn-kvt-Sj≥-t^m-t´m- kw-_\v-[n-® \n¿-t±ißƒ-

1.-1.-2012 ap-X¬- ]m-_-ey-Øn-ep-≈- h-¨-˛-ssSw- c-Pn-kv-tS-j-

≥, - I -Ωo -j-s‚- Hu -tZym -Kn -I - sh-_v -ssk-‰m -b

www.keralapsc.gov.in hgn- \SØn-btijam-Wv- DtZym-Km¿-

∞n-Iƒ- hn-hn-[ Xkv-Xn-IIƒ-°m-bn- At]£ ka¿-∏n-

t°≠Xv.- t^m-t´m- A]v-tem-Uv- sNøp-tºmƒ- ]co-£m¿-Xv-Yn-

Iƒ- Xm-sg ]dbp-∂ Im-cy-ßƒ- ]tXy-Iw- i≤n-t°≠Xm-Wv.-

1.- t^m-t´m-bn¬- DtZym-Km¿-Xv-Yn-bp-sS t]cpw- t^m-t´m FSp-

Ø Xo-bXn-bpw- ]Xn-®n-cn-°Ww.

2. IΩo-j≥- ]p-ds∏Sp-hn-°p-∂ hn-⁄m-]\ßƒ- ]Im-cw-

DtZym-Km¿-∞n-Iƒ- At]£ ka¿-∏n-°p-tºmƒ A]v-tem-

Uv- sNøp-∂ t^m-t´mbv-°v- 10 h¿-jtØbv-°v- ]m-_ey-

ap-≠m-bn-cn-°pw.-- -

3. ]co-£m¿-XvYn-bp-sS ap-Jhpw- tXm-fp-Ifp-sS ap-Iƒ- m-Khpw-

hy-Iv-Xam-bn- ]Xn-™n-cn-°Ø° hn-[Øn-ep-≈ ]m-kv-t]m¿-

´v- sskkn-ep-≈ If¿-/ªm-°v- & ssh‰v- t^m-t´m-bm-bn-cn-

°Ww.-

4. -shfp-ØtXm- Cfw- \n-dØn-tem- D≈ ]iv-Nm-ØeØn¬-

Cfw- \n-dØn-ep-≈ hkv-Xw- [cn-®v- FSp-Ø t^m-t´m-bm-

bn-cn-°Ww.-

5.- ap-Jw- t\scbpw- ]q¿-Æam-bpw- t^m-t´m-bp-sS a≤y- m-KØv-

]Xn-™n-cn-°Ww.-

6.- IÆp-Iƒ- hy-Iv-Xam-bn- Im-WØ° hn-[Øn-em-bn-cn-°Ww.-

7.- A]v-tem-Uv- sNøp-∂ t^m-t´m-Iƒ- 200 ]n-Iv-sk¬- h x 150]n-Iv-sk¬- w D≈Xpw- JPG t^m¿-am-‰n-ep-≈Xpw- 30 KB^b¬ sskkn¬- A[n-Icn-°m-ØXp-am-bn-cn-°Ww.-

8.- k¨-•m-kv,- sXm-∏n- F∂n-h [cn-®v- FSp-ØXpw- ap-JØn-

s≥-d Hcp- hiw- am-Xw- Im-WØ°hn-[ap-≈Xpw- ap-Jw- hy-

Iv-Xa√m-ØXp-am-b t^m-t´m-Iƒ- kzo-Im-cy-a√.

9.- ""aXm-Nm-cØn-s≥-d m-Kam-bn- sXm-∏n-/in-tcm-hkv-Xw- [cn-

®v- FSp-Ø t^m-t´m- a‰v- \n¿-t±ißf\p-kcn-®m-sW¶n¬-

kzo-Im-cy-am-Wv.-

2016 Pq - 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 3

(t]Pv 1¬ \n-∂v--)

°n-se-Sp-Øm¬ C¥-y-bnepw a‰v temI-cm-P-y-ß-fnepw

\ne-hn-ep≈ ]co£m GP≥kn-I-fn¬ ]n.-F-kv.-kn.

H∂mw ÿm\-ØmWv F∂ Imc-y-Øn¬ X¿°-an-√.

hnh-cm-Wm-fl-Iw, H.-Fw.-B¿, Hm¨sse≥ F∂o

hnhn[ coXn-bn-ep≈ ]co-£-I-fmWv ]n.-F-kv.-kn. \S-

Øp-∂-Xv.

\∂m-sbgpXn enÃn¬ Dƒs∏-ń√DtZ-ym-Km¿∞nI-fpsS Hcp ÿncw ]cm-Xn-bm-Wn-

Xv. kvIqƒ, k¿∆-I-em-ime ]co£Ifpw Fgp-Xp∂

Xnt\-°mƒ Hcp icm-icn DtZ-ym-Km-¿∞n ]n.-F-kv.-

kn. ]co£ \∂msbgp-Xp-∂p. F∂n´pw enÃn¬

CSw t\Sp-∂n√. ]-cm-Xn- \ym-b-am-Wv- A-°m-Z-an-Iv- hn-

j-b-ß-fn¬- hn-P-bn-°m-\pw- ^-Ãv- ¢m-kv-/-Un-Ãn-Mv-j-

≥ F-∂n-h- t\-Sm-\pw- \n-›n-X- i-X-am-\w-am¿-°v- t\-Sn-

bm¬- a-Xn-bm-Ipw- F-∂m¬,- ]n.-F-kv.-kn.- ]-co-£-bn¬-

t\-Sp-∂- \n-›n-X- i-X-am-\w- am¿-°n-s‚- A-Sn-ÿm-\-

Øn-e-√- en-Ãn¬- C-Sw- ]n-Sn-°p-∂-Xv.- a-‰v- D-tZym-Km¿-

∞n-I-fp-sS-bpw- Iq-Sn- A-t]-£n-I- km-a¿-Yy-Øn-s‚- A-

Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-Wv- en-Ãn¬- Dƒ-s°m-≈n-°p-∂-Xv.- dn-

t∏m¿- v- sN-ø-s∏- -Xpw- `m-hn¬- D-≠m-Im-≥ km-≤y-X-bp-

≈-Xp-am-b- H-gn-hp-I-fp-sS-bpw- ap-≥ dm-¶v- en-Ãn¬- \n-∂v- \-

S-Øn-b- \n-b-a-\-Øn-s‚-bpw- F-Æw- Iq-Sn- ]-cn-K-Wn-®m-

Wv- en-Ãn¬- Dƒ-s°m-t≈-≠- D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-I-fp-sS-

F-Æw- \n-›-bn-°p-∂-Xv.- Cu- km-l-N-cy-Øn¬- A-

°m-Z-an-I- X-e-Øn¬- Un-Ãnw-Kv-j-\v- ap-I-fn¬- t\-Sn-b-

h-sc-t∏m-epw- en-Ãn¬- Dƒ-s°m-≈m-\m-In-√.- en-Ãn¬-

Dƒ-s°m-≈n-°p-∂-h¿-°v- F-√m-h¿-°pw- \n-b-a-\w- \¬-

Im-\p-am-hn-√.-

tNmZyw Cukn, ]t£........]co£ tNmZ-y-ßƒ efnXw, ]t£ DØ-c-sa-gp-

Xm-\m-bn-√. Cu ]cmXn ]et∏mgpw tIƒ°m-dp-≠v.

DtZ-ym-Km¿∞n-Iƒ°v ]co-£-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ønb

hnj-b-ßƒ°v kmam-\-y-amb Adn-hn-√m-Ø-XmWv

]iv\-Øns‚ Imc-Ww. Ah-c-h¿ ]Tn-°p∂ hnj-

b-ß-fn¬ ]e-t∏mgpw DtZ-ym-Km¿∞n-Iƒ ]mho-W-y-

ap-≈-h-cm-bn-cn-°pw. F∂m¬, s]mXp hnj-b-ß-fn¬

]n∂m-°m-h-ÿ-bn-em-bn-cn-°pw. _ncpZ \ne-hm-c-Øn-

ep≈ ]co-£-I-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-hcn¬-t]mepw

tIcfØn¬ FX Pn√-Iƒ D≠v Ft∂m tIc-f-

Øns‚ kmwkvIm-cnI Xe-ÿm\w GXmWv Ft∂m

Adn-bmØ-h¿ \nc-h-[n-bp-≠v.

a’-c-]-co -£-Iƒ˛]-tX-y -IXHu]-Nm-cn-I hnZ-ym-`-ym-k-Øn¬ \n›nX ]mT-y-]-

≤Xn ]Im-c-ap≈ ]pkvXIßƒ \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\m¬

hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v Syq-j-s‚bpw ssKUn-s‚bpw klm-

b-Øm¬ ]Tn-°m\pw D∂-X-am¿°v hmßm\pw Ign-

bpw. ]n.-F-kv.-kn. ]co-£-I-ƒ°v \n›nX ]pkvX-

Ißƒ C√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ CØ-c-Øn¬ ]T\w km≤-

y-a-√. DtZ-ym-Km¿∞n-I-fpsS tbmKyX A\p-k-cn-®p≈

tNmZ-y-ßfpw s]mXp-hn-⁄m-\hpw, P\-d¬ Cw•o-

jpw, kzm-X-¥-y-k-ac Ncn-Xhpw, B\p-Im-enI kw -

hn-Im-k-ßfpw Dƒ-s∏sS \nc-h[n hnj-b-ßƒ hcp-

∂-Xn-\m¬ GXv taJ-e-bn¬ \n∂pw tNmZ-y-ßƒ

D≠m-Ip-sa∂v ap≥Iqń ImWm-\m-In-√ F∂-XmWv

]n.-F-kv.-kn. ]co-£I-fp-sS- ]-tXy-I-X.- F-∂m¬,- a-

’-c- ]-co-£-Iƒ-°v- ]-tXy-Iw- X-øm-sd-Sp-°p-∂-h¿-°v-

D-∂-X- hn-P-bw- t\-Sm-\m-Ipw.- D-∂-X- _n-cp-Z-[m-cn-Iƒ- t]m-

epw- X-ßƒ- ]-Tn-®- hn-j-b-Øn-\v- ]p-d-ta- \n-∂p-≈- hn-j-

b-ß-fn¬- h-f-sc- ]n-∂m-°m-h-ÿ-bn-em-Wv- F-∂-Xm-Wv-

h-kv-Xp-X.-

Ime-Xm-akw]n.-F-kv.-kn. sbIp-dn-®p≈ G‰hpw henb hna¿i-

\-am-WnXv. _mly GP≥kn-I-fp-sSbpw hy-‡n-I-fp-

sSbpw klm-b-tØm-sS-bmWv ]n.-F-kv.-kn. ]co-£-

Iƒ \S-Øp-∂Xv. k¿∆-I-em-im-e-I-fnepw CXc hnZ-

ym- -ymk ÿm]-\-ß-fnepw kne-_kv, tNmZy t]∏¿-

F∂nh Xøm-dm-°m\pw aqey \n¿Æ-b-Øn\pw Ah-

i-y-amb hnjb hnZ-Kv[sc e`n-°p-∂Xp-t]mse ]n.-

F-kv.knbn¬ e`-y-a-√. ]co-£m \S-Øn-∏n-\m-h-i-y-

amb uXnI kml-N-c-y-ß-fmb ]co£m tIµßƒ

tNmZ-y-t]-∏¿ ]n‚ v sNøp∂ skI-yq-cn‰n ] v F∂n-

hbpw ]n.-F-kv.-kn. kz-¥am-bn-ń√. Hcp XkvXn-I-I-

fpsS ]co-£-bv°mbn kne-_kv tNmZ-y-t]-∏dpw Xøm-

d-°m≥ hnjb hnZ-Kv[cpsS tkh\w A\n-hm-c-y-am-

Wv. Ahsc Is≠Øn DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xzw G¬∏n-®m¬

Ah-cpsS ]h¿Ø\ taJ-e-bnse tPmen-Øn-c°pw

kz-Im-c-y-amb Aku-I-c-y-ßfpw ImcWw ]e-t∏mgpw

amk-ßfpw h¿j-ßfpw Ign-™mWv Ah e`n-°p-

∂Xv AXn-\-\p-k-cn®v ]co-£-Ifpw sshIpw. ]mY-

anI DØ-c-kq-Nn-I-bn¬ Dƒs∏´ DtZ-ym-Km¿∞n-Iƒ

Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p∂ ]ng-hp-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°m≥

AXXv taJ-e-bnse hnjb hnZ-Kv[-cpsS tkh\w

e`-y-am-°p-∂-Xn\pw Ime-amkw t\cn-Sm-dp-≠v. kmaq-

ly ]Xn-_-≤-X-bp≈ Hcp ]hrØn F∂ \ne-bn¬

DØ-c-hm-Z-n-Xzw G¬∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ hnZ-Kv[¿ kl-I-

cn-®m¬ C°m-c-y-Øn\v ]cn-lm-camIpw.

Nne DtZ-ym-Km-¿∞n-Iƒ \¬tI≠ tcJ-Iƒ bYm-

k-abw \¬Im-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xpw Ime-Xm-akw hcp-Øm-

dp-≠v. sXc-s™-Sp-∏p-ambn _‘-s∏´ tImSXn CS-

s]-S-ep-Iƒ Ime-Xm-a-k-Øns‚ as‰mcp Imc-W-am-Wv.

DtZ-ym-Km¿∞n-I-fpsS _mlp-eywbp.]n.-F-kv.-kn, _m¶nwKv dnIq- vsa‚ v t_m¿Uv,

Ãm^v ske-£≥ IΩn-j-≥,- C-X-c- dn-Iq-ńw-Kv- G-P-

≥kn-Iƒ- F-∂n-h-bn¬- ]-s¶-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ- ]-

Xn-∑-S-ßv- D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-I-fm-Wv- ]n.-F-kv.-kn.- ]-co-£-

I-fn¬- ]-s¶-Sp-°p-∂-Xv.- ]-e- dn-Iq-ń-ßv- G-P-≥kn-I-

fpw- D-b¿-∂- ô-kpw,- F-en-Pn-_n-en-‰n- sS-Ãpw- G¿-

s∏-Sp-Øn- D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-I-fp-sS- F-Æw- ]-cn-an-X-s∏-

Sp-Øm-dp-≠v.- ]n.-F-kv.-kn.- bn¬- C-Ø-c-Øn¬- bm-

sXm-cp- \-S-]-Sn-bpw- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-ń-√.-

A- y-kv-X-hn-Zy-cm-b- sXm-gn¬- c-ln-X¿-°v- F-√m-h¿-

°pw- tPm-en- \¬-Im-≥ I-gn-bn-√-sb-¶n-epw- k¿-°m¿- tPm-

en-°m-bn- A-t]-£n-°p-∂-Xn¬- \n-∂pw- B-sc-bpw- H-gn-

hm-°-cp-Xv- F-∂- k-Zp-t±-i-tØm-sS-bm-Wv- kw-ÿm-\-Øv-

C-Ø-c-Øn¬- \n-b-¥-W-ßƒ- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øm-Ø-Xv.-

k¿-∆-I-em-im-em- A-kn-Ã-‚n-\v- th-≠n- Cu-bn-sS-

\-S-Øn-b- ]-co-£-bn¬- 5,-41,-823 A-t]-£-I-fp-≠m-bn-

cp-∂p.- ]n.-F-kv.-kn.- \-S-Øn-b- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- c-≠m-

a-sØ- ]-co-£-bm-Wn-Xv- 2223 ]-co-£m-tI-µ-ßƒ- ]-

co-£- \-S-Øm-bn- th-≠n-h-∂p.- a-‰v- tPm-en-Iƒ- F-√mw-

am-‰n- h-®v- Cu- ]-co-£- \-S-Øp-∂-Xn-\m-bn- Hm- o-kv- H-

∂-S-¶w- ]-h¿-Øn-t°-≠n-h-∂p.- ]-co-£m- \-S-Øn-∏n-s‚-

a-‰v- ]-bm-k-ßƒ- hn-h-c-Wm-Xo-X-am-Wv.- ]-Øv- tIm-Sn-b-

e-[n-Iw- cq-]- Cu- X-kv-Xn-I-bp-sS- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏n-\m-bn-

th-≠n-h-cp-∂p.- D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-Iƒ- 3.-5 e-£w- t]¿- am-

X-am-Wv- ]-co-£- F-gp-Xn-b-Xv.- ]-s¶-Sp-°m-Ø- c-≠p- e-

£-tØm-fw- t]¿-°p-th-≠n- ]-co-£- \-S-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-

≈- F-√m- k-÷o-I-c-W-ß-fpw- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂p.-

]n.-F-kv.-knbn¬- ]-co-£- \-S-Øn-∏p-am-bn- t\-cn-´v-

_-‘-ap-≈- Po-h-\-°m¿- tI-h-ew- F-Æq-tdm-fw- am-X-

am-Wv.- ]-co-£m- kw-_-‘-am-b- F-√m- tPm-en-I-fpw- C-

h¿- \n¿-h-ln-°p-∂-Xn-t\m-sSm-∏w- A-h-c-h¿-°v- A-\p-

h-Zn-°-s∏- - a-‰v- Hm- o-kv- tPm-en-I-fpw- \n¿-h-ln-°-Ww.-

Po-h-\-°m-cp-sS- A-]-cym-]v-X-X- ]n.-F-kv.-kn.- F-°m-e-

hpw- t\-cn-Sp-∂- ]-Xn-k-‘n-bm-Wv. D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-I-fp-

sS- F-Æ-Øn-epw- sk-e-£-≥ ]-In-b-I-fn-se- ssh-hn-

[y-hpw- ]-co-£-I-fp-sS- F-Æ-Øn-ep-≈- I-am-Xo-X-am-b-

h¿-≤-\-hpw- ]n.-F-kv.-kn.- ]-h¿-Ø-\-sØ- km-c-am-bn-

_m-[n-°p-∂p-≠v.- ]n.-F-kv.-kn.- bn¬- Po-h-\-°m-cp-sS- F-

Æw- h¿-≤n-∏n-®v- i-‡-am-°p-∂-Xn-eq-sS- A- y-ÿ-hn-Zy-

cm-b- e-t£m-]-e-£w- sXm-gn¬- c-ln-X¿-°v- H-cp- Zn-h-

kw- ap-≥t]- sXm-gn¬- e-`n-°m-\p-≈- A-h-Im-iw- Iq-Sn-

bm-Wv.- ]-Zm-\w- sN-øm-≥ I-gn-bp-∂-Xv.- Po-h-\-°m-cp-

sS- a-l-Øm-b- tk-h-\-Øn-s‚- ^-e-am-bm-Wv- tI-c-fo-

b- k-aq-l-Øn¬- ]n.-F-kv.-kn.- Im-cy-£-a-X-bp-≈,- A-

gn-a-Xn- c-ln-X-am-b,- hn-izm-ky-X-bp-≈- H-cp- a-l-Zv-ÿm-

]-\-am-bn- \n-e-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv.-

H-gn-hp-Iƒ- D-≠m-Ip-∂- ap-d-°v- D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-I-sf-

\n-b-a-\-Øn-\v- ip-]m¿-i- sN-øp-∂- X-c-Øn¬- ]n-F-kv.-

kn.- ]-h¿-Ø-\w- Xz-cn-X-s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sa-∂-Xm-Wv- tI-

c-fo-b- k-aq-lw- B-K-ln-°p-∂-Xv.- Cu- e-£yw- km-

£m-Xv-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn- C-\n-bpw- \-ap-°v- G-sd- sN-

øm-\p-≠v.

]co£m I¨tSm-f¿AUo-j-W¬ skI- -dn-bmbn ÿm\-°-b‰we`n® F≥.-\m-cm-bW i¿asb (ko-\n-b¿)]co£m I¨tSm-f¿/Ct‚-W¬ hnPn-e≥kvHmô-k¿ Bbn \nb-an-®p.

AUo-j-W¬ skI- dnAUo-j-W¬ skI- -dn-bmbn ÿm\-°-b‰we`n® ]n.-c-tajv i¿asb dnIq- vsa‚ v hn`m-K -Øn -epw, tXmakv.Fw. -am -X -yp -hns\sNb¿ams‚ skI-t -dn-b-‰nepw ]n.-B¿. hnP-b-Ωsb ]co£m hn`m-K-Ønepw \nb-an-®p.

]n.-F-kv.-kn. \nb-a-\-ßƒ

tPmbn‚v skI- dn/doPn-b-W¬ Hmô-k¿

tPmbn‚ v skI- -dn-bmbn ÿm\-°-b‰w e`n®F≥.-k-µo-]ns\ FÃm-ªn-jvsa‚ v hn`m-KØn¬ \nb-an-®p. sI.-]n.-X-¶-aWn AΩsbB¿.-B≥Uv F hn`m-K-Ønepw joem-Zm-kns\bqWn-t^mwUv k¿ho-kkv dnIq-´vsa‚ v hn`m-K-Ønepw \nb-an-®p. F≥.-cm-[m-Ir-jvWs\tImgn-t°m-´pw, sI.-K-tW-is\ Fd-Wm-Ip-f-Øpw, F≥.-\m-cm-bW i¿a (Pq-\n-b¿) sbsIm√Øpw doPn-b-W¬ Hmô-k¿am-cmbn\nb-an-®p.

U]--yqń skI- dn/ UnkvSnIvSv Hmô-k¿Fkv.-A-\n-Xsb ]co£m hn`mKw˛1 epw sI.-c-a-Ws\ At∏m-bvsa‚ v HmUn‰v B≥Uv shcn-^n-t°-j-\nepw dmWn hn¬^-Uns\ kvs]j-y¬/tIm¿∏-td-j≥ dnIq-´vsa‚nepw hn.-Pn.-_n-µp-hns\ ]co£m hn`mKw˛3 epw \nb-an-®p. enam‚ ven k°-dn-bm-kns\ hb-\m-ńepw, sI.-kn.-ao-csb tIm´-b-Øpw, Fw.-F-kv.-jm-P-lms\ tImgn-t°m-´pw, kn.-]n. kp_-a-W-ys\ Imk¿tIm-´pw,sI.-A-P-bs\ Xncp-h-¥-]p-cØpw UnkvSnIvSv Hmô-k¿amcmbn\nb-an-®p.

]ªnIv dnte-j≥kv Hmô-k¿sI.-B¿.-a-t\m-PvIpam¿ ]n≈sb ]n.-B¿.-H. Bbpw \nb-an-®p.

4 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2016 Pq - 1

1.- tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- Pessh-Zyp-X-]-≤-Xn-(F)- C-Sp-°n- (_n-)- i-_-cn-Kn-cn(kn)- ]-≈n-hm-k¬- (Un)- t]-∏m-d

2.- tI-c-f-Øn-se- Pn-√-I-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬-sd-bn¬-sh- kv-t‰-j-\p-Iƒ- D-≈-Xv-(F)- FdWmIpfw- (_n-)- ]m-e-°m-Sv-(kn)- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw-(Un)- sIm-√w-

3.- t_-°¬-tIm- - G-Xv- Pn-√-bn-em-Wv?-(F)- I-Æq¿- (_n)- Im-k¿-tIm-Sv-(kn)- a-e-∏p-dw- (Un)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv-

4.- tI-c-f-Øn-s‚- Xo-c-tZ-i- ssZ¿-Lyw-(F)- 680In.- ao.- (_n-)- 580 In.-ao.-(kn)- 560In.-ao.- (Un)- 600 In.-ao.-

5.- Np-‰-º-e-an-√m-Ø- t£-Xw-(F)- Hm-®n-d- (_n-)- a-e-\-S-(kn-)- X-a-ew (Un)- Xn-cp-h-√w

6.- X-t®m-fn- H-tX-\-s‚- P-∑-ÿ-e-am-b- h-S-I-c- G-Xv- Pn-√-bn-em-Wv?-(F)- I-Æq¿ (_n-)- ]m-e-°m-Sv(kn-)- a-e-∏p-dw (Un-)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv-

7.- ]- n-Wn Pm-Y- \-bn-®-Xv-(F)- F- sI- tKm-]m-e≥(_n)- sI- tI-f-∏≥-(kn)- C-Fw-F-kv- \-ºq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sv-(Un)- A-°Ω- sNdn-bm≥-

8.- tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- ]-cº-cm-K-X- hy-h-km-bw-(F)- I-b¿ (_n)- I-ip-h-≠n-(kn)- s\-bv-Øv (Un)- C-h-sbm-∂p-a-√-

9- Ip-am-c-\m-im-s‚- P-∑-ÿ-ew-(F)- sN-º-g-¥n- (_n)- Im-bn-°-c-(kn)- A-cp-hn-∏p-dw- (Un)- ]-√-\-

10.- tI-c-f- _p-Iv-kv- B≥-Uv- ]-ªn-t°-j≥- skm-ssk-‰n-bp-sS- B-ÿm-\w- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv?-(F)- I©n-t°m-Sv- (_n)- Xr-∏q-Wn-Øp-d-(kn)- Xr-°m-°-c- (Un)- \m-em-©n-d-

11.- G-Xv- t£-X-Øn-se- D¬-k-h-am-Wv- " -c-Wn'- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv-(F)- Kp-cp-hm-bq¿- (_n)- A-º-e-∏pg-(kn)- sImSp-ß-√q¿- (Un)- i-_-cn-a-e-

12.- "B-w-K-e- km-am-Py-w'- c-N-n-®-Xv-(F)- F- B¿- cm-P-cm-P-h¿-a-(_n)- C-c-bn-Ω≥-X-ºn-(kn)- knhn- cm-a≥-]n-≈-(Un)- tI-c-f-h¿-a- h-en-b-tIm-bn-X-º-p-cm≥-

13.- "Km-a-hr-£-Øn-se- Ip-bn¬'- B-cp-sS- c-N-\-bm-Wv?-(F)- N-ß-º-p-g- (_n)- Ip-am-c-\m-im≥-(kn)- ssh-tem-∏n-≈n(Un)- h-≈-tØmƒ-

14.- Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬- ssl-t°m-S-Xn- ÿ-m-]n-X-am-b- h¿-jw-(F)- 1888 (_n)- 1847(kn)- 1869 (Un)- 1881

15.- io-aq-ew- ]-Pm-k-`- ÿm-]n-X-am-b- h¿-jw-(F)- 1869 (_n)- 1888(kn)- 1904 (Un-)- 1932

16.- tI-c-f- Im¿-jn-I- k¿-h-I-em-im-e-bp-sS- B-ÿm-\w-:-(F)- sh-≈-m-b-Wn- (_n)- a-Æp-Øn(kn-)- ]-\-ßm-Sv- (Un)- X-h-\q¿-

17.- tI-c-f- kn-hn¬- k-ssπ-kv- tIm¿-]-td-j-s‚- B-ÿm-\w-:-(F)- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw- (_n)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv-(kn)- I-Æq¿- (Un)- F-d-Wm-Ip-fw-

18.- kz-tZ-im- n-am-\n- cm-a-Ir-jv-W-]n-≈- \m-Sp-I-S-Ø-s∏- - h¿-jw-(F)- 1910 (_n)- 1911(kn)- 1916 (Un)- 1906

19.- tI-f-∏-Pn- tIm-tf-Pv- Hm-^v- A-Kn-Iƒ-®-d¬- F-©n\o-b-dn-Mv- B≥-Uv- sS-Iv-t\-m-f-Pn- F-hn-sS-bm-W-v?-(F)- ]-ø-∂q¿ (_n)- X-h-\q¿-(kn)- ]o-®n- (Un)- sh-≈m-\n-°-c-

20.- "In-kv-Xp- m-K-h-Xw'- c-Nn-®-Xv-(F) - ]m -d -ta -°¬- tXm -am -°-Ø-\m -¿ -(_n)- Kp-≠¿-´v - kn)- ]n - kn- tZ-h-ky-(Un)-I- -°-bw- sN-dn-bm≥-am-∏n-f-

21.- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬- \n-b-a-k- - ÿm-]n-X-am-b-h¿-jw-(F)- 1898 (_n- 1888(kn)- 1878 (Un)- 1868

22.- tI-c-f-Øn-se- Pn-√-I-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬-I-S-¬-Øo-c-ap-≈-Xv-(F)- I-Æq¿- (_n-)- sIm-√w-(kn)- F-d-Wm-Ip-fw- (Un)- a-e-∏p-dw-

23.- tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- q-ta-J-e-

(F)- Xo-c-]-tZ-iw- (_n)- a-e-\m-Sv-(kn)- C-S-\m-Sv- (Un)- C-sXm-∂p-a-√-

24.- tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- Imb¬-:-(F)- A-jv-S-ap-Sn- (_n)- im-kv-Xmw-tIm-´(kn-)- th-º-\m-Sv- (Un)- Im-bw-Ip-fw-

25.- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Ccp-ºp- \n-t£-]-ap-≈- Pn-√-(F)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- (_n)- sIm-√w-(kn-)- Im-k¿-tIm-Sv- (Un)- I-Æq¿-

26.- Xm-sg-]-d-bp-∂-h-bn¬- G-Xv- ÿ-e-Øp-\n-∂p-am-Wv- Km-ss^-‰v- e-`n-°p-∂-Xv?-(F)- Nm-ß- (_n)- sh-≈-\m-Sv(kn)- ]n-c-fn-a-‰w- (Un)- C-h-sb-√mw-

27.- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øp-\n-∂pw- tdmUpam¿Kw Im-k¿-tIm-Sp-h-sc-bp-≈- G-I-tZ-i-Zq-cw-:-(F)- 530In.-ao.- (_n)- 630 In.-ao.-(kn)- 700 In.-ao.- (Un)- 580 In.-ao.-

28.- sIm-®n- ta-P¿- Xp-d-ap-J-am-b- h¿-jw-(F)- 1947 (_n)- 1936(kn)- 1948 (Un)- 1930

29.- Xm-sg-∏-d-bp-∂-hbn¬- G-Xv- ÿ-e-Øm-Wv- tI-c-f-Øn¬- do-P-W¬- ]m-kv-t]m¿-´v Hm-ô-kv-ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂-Xv?-(F)- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw (_n-)- sIm-®n-(kn)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- (Un)- C-h-sb-√mw-

30.- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬-t]¿- Zm-cn-Zy-tc-J-bv-°v- Xm-sg- I-gn-bp-∂- Pn-√-:-(F)- a-e-∏p-dw- (_n)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv-(kn)- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw- (Un)- B-e-∏p-g-

31.- tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- ip-≤-P-e-X-Sm-Iw-(F)- ]q-t°m-Sv- (_n-)- th-º-\m-Sv-(kn)- im-kv-Xmw-tIm- - (Un)- sh-≈-m-b-Wn-

32.- tI-c-f-Øn¬- sN-e-hp-Ip-d-™- -h-\\n¿-am-W-co-Xn- ]-N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬- ]-[m-\-]-¶v- h-ln-°p-∂- H-cp- ÿm-]-\w-:-(F)- sI¬-tSm¨ -(_n)- tIm-kv‰v--t-^-m¿-Uv-(kn)- kn-˛Un-‰v- (Un)- \m-‰v-]m-Iv-

33.- C-¥y-bn¬- k-a-K- P-e-\-b-Øn-\p- cq-]w-\¬-In-b- B-Zy kw-ÿm-\w-(F)- tI-c-fw (_n)- X-an-gv-\m-Sv-(kn)- I¿-Wm-S-Iw- (Un)- tKm-h-

34.- cm-Py-k-am-Nm-cw- ]-kn-≤o-Icn-®p- Xp-S-ßn-b-h¿-jw-(F)- 1857 (_n)- 1847(kn)- 1889 (Un)- 1863

35.- tI-c-f- ]kv- A-°m-Z-an- ÿm]n-X-am-b- h¿jw-(F)- 1953 (_n)- 1956(kn)- 1969 (Un)- 1979

36.- tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- ap-\n-kn-∏¬-tIm¿-]-td-j≥- (h-n-kv-Xo¿-Ww)-(F)- sIm-®n- (_n)- Xn-cp-h-\-¥]p-cw-(kn)- Xr-iq¿- (Un-)- tI-m-gn-t°m-Sv.-

37.- "A-Jn-em-fi- a-fi-ew- A-Wn-bn-s®m-cp-°n'-F-∂- Km-\w- c-Nn-®-Xv-(F)- t_m-t[-iz-c≥ (_n-)- h-≈-tØmƒ-(kn) - ] -¥-fw - sI.]n - . cm -a≥ -]n -≈-(Un-)- D-≈q¿-

38.- Im-bw-Ip-fw- Xm-]-ssh-Zyp-X \n-ebw GXpPn√bn¬?(F)- sIm√w (_n)- FdWmIpfw(kn)- Be∏pg (Un)- tImgnt°mSv

39.- A-Ω-∂q¿- am-[-h-Nm-Iym-cp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-´-Xv-(F)- Iq-Sn-bm- w- (_n)- Hm- ≥-Xp-≈¬-(kn)- sX-øw- (Un)- ]S-b-Wn-

40.- "C-µp-teJ'- cNn°s∏´- h¿-jw-(F)- 1891 (_n)- 1881(kn)- 1885 (Un)- 1889

41.- "\n¿-an-Xn- tI-µ'- F-∂- ÿm-]-\-Øn-s‚- D-]-⁄m-Xm-hv:-(F)-A¬-t^m -kv- I-Æ-¥m-\w -(_n)- knhn- B-\-µ-t_m-kv-(kn)- Un- _m-_p-t]mƒ -(Un)- a-e-bm-‰q¿- c-m-a-I-r-jv-W≥-

42.- C-√n-°p-∂n-se- _m-k¬-an-j≥- _w-•m-hn¬-1845¬- ÿm]n-®- I-√-®n¬-\n-∂pw- 1847¬- cm-Py-k-am-Nm-cw- ]-kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv?-(F) -tI -k-cn - _m -e -Ir -jv -W-]n -≈-(_n) -sl¿a≥- Kp-≠¿-´v-(kn)I -≠-Øn¬- h¿ -Ko -kv -am -∏n -f -(Un)- tZ-hv-Pn- ow-Pn-

43.- tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- sN-dn-b- ap-\n-kn-∏m-en-‰n-(F)- a-´-∂q¿- (_n)- Beph-(kn-)- s\-Sp-a-ßm-Sv- (Un-)- Xn-cq¿-

44.- "Im-t°- Im-t°- Iq-sS-hn-sS'- F-∂- Km-\w- c-

Nn-®-Xv-(F-)- C-S-t»-cn- (_n)- D-≈q¿-(kn)- h-≈-tØmƒ- (Un)- kp-K-XIp-am-cn

45.- tI-c-f-Øns‚- hn-kv-Xo¿-Ww- F-X- N-Xp-c-i-ssa¬- B-Wv?-(F)- 38863 (_n)- 15005(kn-)- 32016 (Un)- 26000

46.- tIm-tf-Pv- Hm-^v- tlm¿-ń-Iƒ-®¿- Xm-sg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-cn¬- F-hn-sS-b-m-Wv?-(F)- Im-k¿-tIm-Sv- (_n)- ]o-®n-(kn)- sh-≈m-\n-°-c- (Un)- ]-∂n-bq¿-

47.- ]-Pm- tkm-jy-e-n-kv-‰v- ]m¿-Sn-bp-sS- tI-c-f- L-S-Iw- cq-]h¬-I-cn-®-Xv-(F)- ]-´w- Xm-Wp-]n-≈-(_n)- ]n- Sn- Nm-t°m-(kn)- k¿Zm¿- sI- Fw- ]-Wn-°¿-(Un)- ]-\-ºn-≈n- tKm-hn-µ-ta-t\m≥

48.- tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-I- I-t‚m¨-sa‚ v-(F)- C-Sp-°n- (_n)- Kp-cp-h-m-bq¿-(kn)- I-Æq¿- (Un)- h¿-°-e-

49.- B-cp-sS- hn-Zz¬-k-Z- m-bn-cp-∂p- "Ip-∂-e-t°m-\m-Xn-cnam¿'-?-(F)- sIm-®n- cm-Pm-hv- (_n)- sh-≈m-ń-cn-(kn)- X-n-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- cm-Pm-hv(Un)- km-aq-Xn-cn-

50.- sIm-®n-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- ]-i-k-v -X-\m-b- cm-Pm-hv-:-(F)- ]-co-£n-Øv- X-ºp-cm≥-(_n)- i-‡≥- X-ºp-cm≥-(kn)- am¿-Øm-fi-h¿-Ω-(Un)- [¿-a-cm-Pm-hv

51.- sIm®n cmPy ]Pm-a-WvU-e-Øns‚ BZyktΩ-f\w \S-∂Xv Fhn-sS-h-®mWv?(F)- Ccn-ßm-e-°pS(_n)- Fd-Wm-Ipfw(kn)- Beph (Un)- Xr»q¿

52.- G-Xv- cm-Pm-hn-s‚- Im-e-Øm-Wv- cm-a-ø≥- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬- Z-f-h-bm-bn-cp-∂-Xv?-(F)- kzm-Xn-Xn-cp-\mƒ-(_n)- B-bn-eyw- Xn-cp-\mƒ-(kn)- am¿-Øm-fi-h¿-a-(Un)- D-X-w- Xn-cp-\mƒ-

53.- sIm-®n-bn¬- _n- o-jp-Im¿-s°-Xn-sc- ]-h¿-Øn-®-Xv-(F)- ]m-en-b-Ø-®≥- (_n)- th-ep-Ø-ºn-(kn)- ]-g-»n-cm-P- (Un)- X-e-bv-°¬- N-¥p-

54.- a-e-bm-fn- sa-tΩm-dn-b¬- io-aq-ew-Xn-cp-\mƒ- a-lm-cm-Pm-hn-\v- k-a¿-∏n-°-s∏- - h¿-jw-(F)- 1896 (_n)- 1891(kn)- 1901 (Un)- 1899

55.- tIm -K-kn-s‚- A-a-c-m-h-Xn- k-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬-(1897)- A-[y-£-h-ln-®- a-e-bm-fn-(F)- Pn- ]n- ]n-≈ -(_n)- N-ß-\m-t»-cn- ]-c-ta-iz-c≥-]n-≈-(kn-)- k¿.- kn- i-¶-c≥-\m-b¿-(Un)- sI- ]n- i-¶-c-ta-t\m≥-

56.- F-kv-F≥-Un-]n- ÿm-]n-X-am-b- h¿-jw-(F)- 1914 (_n)- 1904(kn-)- 1903 (Un)- 1906

57.- hm-K¨- Sm-PUn- \-S-∂- h¿-jw-(F)- 1924 (_n) -1931(kn)- 1921 (Un)- 1919

58.- tI-c-f-Øn¬- D-∏p-k-Xy-K-l-Øn-\v- t\-Xr-Xzw-\¬-In-b-Xv-(F)- sI- tI-f-∏≥-(_n)- kn- Ir-jv-W≥-\m-b¿-(kn)- cm-L-h-s]-m-Xp-hmƒ- (Un)- sI- ]n- tI-i-h-ta-t\m≥-

59.- io-Nn-Øn-c-Xn-cp-\mƒ- -c-W-ta-‰- h¿-jw-(F)- 1936 (_n)- 1933(kn)- 1932 (Un)- 1935

60.- tI-c-f-Øn¬- B-Zy-sØ- sXm-gn-em-fn- k-a-cw-\-S-∂-Xv- 1935em-Wv- F-hn-sS?-(F)- B-e-∏p-g- (_n)- tI-m-gn-t°m-Sv-(kn)- h-b-em¿- (Un)- ]-ø-∂q¿-

61.- G-Xv- k-a-c-Øn-s‚- /]-ÿm-\-Ø-n-s‚- ap-Zm-hm-Iy-am-bn-cp-∂p- "Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-¿- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dp-Im¿-°v'?-(F)- a-e-bm-fn- sa-tΩm-dn-b¬-(_n)- Cu-g-h- sa-tΩm-dn-b¬-(kn)- ssh-°w- k-Xy-K-lw-(Un)- ip-No-µw- k-Xy-K-lw-

62.- \m-b¿- k-¿-ho-kv- skm-ssk-‰n-bp-sS- B-Zy- ]-kn-U‚ v-(F)- a-∂-Øv- ]-fl-\m-`≥- (_n-)- sI- tI-f-∏≥-(kn)- kn- i-¶-c≥-\m-b¿-(Un)- C-h-cm-cp-a-√.-

FACTS ABOUT KERALA63.- "U¬-ln- Km-‘n'- F-∂- A-]-c-\m-a-Øn¬- A-

dn-b-s∏- -Xv-(F)- kn- Ir-jv-W≥-\m-b¿- (_n)- ssS-‰-kv-(kn-)- sI- tI-f-∏≥-(Un-)- k¿-Zm¿- sI- Fw- ]-Wn-°¿-

64.- t£-X- ]-th-i-\- hn-fw-_-cw- ]p-ds∏-Sp-hn-®-Xo-b-Xn-(F)- 1936 \-hw-_¿- 12(_n)- 1937 B-K-kv-Xv- 12(kn)- 1935 G-]n¬- 10(Un)- C-h-sbm-∂p-a-√-

65.- ]n-t∂m-°- k-ap-Zm-b-ßƒ-°v- \n-b-a-k-`-bn¬-aXn-bm-b- ]m-Xn-\n-[yw- t\-Sm≥- kw-L-Sn-∏n-°-s∏- - ]-t£m- -Ww-(F)- ssh-°w- k-Xy-K-lw -(_n)- a-e-bm-fn- sa-tΩm-dn-b¬-(k-n)- \nh¿-Ø-\- ]-t£m- -Ww- (Un)- C-h-sbm-∂p-a-√-

66.- tI-c-f-Øn¬- D-∏p-k-Xy-K-l-Øn-\v- th-Zn-bm-b-Xv-(F)- ]-øm-º-ew- (_n-)- ]-ø-∂q¿-(kn)- th-fn- (Un)- B-e-∏p-g-

67.- I-ayq-Wn-k-v-‰v- ]m¿-Sn- tI-c-f-Øn¬ cq-]-h¬-Ir-X-am-b- h¿-jw-(F)- 1934 (_n)- 1939(kn)- 1941 (Un) 1947

68.- ap-…nw- eo-Kn-s‚- im-J- tI-c-f-Øn¬- ]-h¿-Ø-\-am-cw- n-®- h¿-jw-(F)- 1917 (_n-)- 1906(kn)- 1927 (Un)- 1930

69)- a-e-_m-dn¬- B-Zy-sØ- I¿-j-Ikw-Lw- cq-]w-sIm-≠-h¿-jw-(F)- 1937 (_n)-1940(kn-)- 1943 (Un)- 1939

7-0.- Xm-sg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-cn¬- sIm-®n- ]-Pm-a-fi-e-Øn-s‚- cq-]-h¬-°-c-W-Øn¬- \n¿-Wm-b-I- ]-¶v-h-ln-®-Xv-(F) - B¿- sI- j¨-ap -Jw - sN-ń -(_n)hn.B¿.IrjvWs\gpØ—≥(kn)- hn- B¿- Ir-jv-W-ø¿-(Un)- ]-´w- Xm-Wp-]n-≈-

71.- Xm-sg-∏-d-bp-∂-hcn¬- B-cm-Wv- "a-e-bm-fn- sa-tΩm-dn-ben'-\v- t\-Xr-Xzw-\¬-In-bXv.-(F)- k¿- kn- i-¶-c≥\m-b¿-(_n)- sI- ]n- i-¶-c-ta-t\m≥-(kn)- kz-tZ-im- n-am-\n- cm-a-Ir-jv-W-]n-≈(Un)- ]-´w- Xm-Wp-]n-≈-

72.- ]m-b-]q¿-Øn- thm- -h-Im-i-Øn-s‚- A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬- C-¥y-bn¬- sX-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏- - B-Zy-sØ- -c-W-L-S-\m- \n¿-am-W-k-an-Xn- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂- h¿-jw-(F)- 1947 (_n)- 1948(kn)- 1949 (Un)- 1950

73.- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-se- B-Zy-sØ- ]-[m-\-a-¥n-F)- C-°-≠- hm-cy¿- (_n)- F- sP- tPm -(kn)- ]-d-hq¿- Sn- sI- \m-cm-b-W-]n-≈-(Un)- ]-´w- Xm-Wp-]n-≈-

74.- tI-c-f- kw-ÿm-\w- \n-e-h-n¬-h-∂-ti-jw- B-Zy-am-bn- sX-c-s™-Sp-∏v- \-S-∂- h¿-jw-(F)- 1956 (_n)- 1957(kn)- 1958 (Un)- 1959

75.- Xncp˛sIm®nbn¬- A-©¬- h-Ip-∏v- \n¿-Ø-em-°n-b- h¿-jw-(F)- 1947 (_n)- 1948(kn-)- 1950 (Un)- 1951

76.- tIm-´-bw- k-ºq-¿-W- km-£-c-X t\-Sn-b- ]-´-W-am-b- h¿-jw-(F)- 1988 (_n-)- 1989(kn)- 1990 (Un)- 1991

77.- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- d-h-\yq-a-¥n-(F)- hn- B¿- Ir-jv-W-ø¿- (_n)- tUm.- F-B¿- ta-t\m≥-(kn)- tPm-k-^v- ap-≠-t»-cn- (Un)- sI- B¿-Kucn-b-Ω-

78.- I-cn-∏q¿- hn-am\-Øm-h-fw- G-Xv- Pn-√-bn-em-Wv?-(F)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- (_n)- I-Æq¿-(kn)- a-e-∏p-dw- (Un-)- F-d-Wm-Ip-fw-

79.- ]-kn-U‚n-s‚- kz¿-W-sa-U¬- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy-a-e-bm-f-Nn-Xw-(F)- \o-e-°p-bn¬-(_n)- cm-cn-®≥- F-∂- ]u-c≥-(kn-)- F-en-∏-Øm-bw- (Un)- sN-Ωo≥-

80.- tI-c-f- ]-ªn-Iv- k¿-ho-kv- I-an-j-s‚- B-Zy-sN-b¿-am≥-(F)- hn- sI- th-e-∏≥-(_n)- hn- sI- th-em-bp-[≥-(kn)- Fw- sI- tZ-h- n-

2016 Pq - 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 5

(Un)- hn- a-cn-bm¿- ]q-Xw-81.- B-Zy-sØ- Xn-cp-˛sIm-®n- a-¥n-k-`-bv-°v- t\-

Xr-Xzw-\¬-In-b-Xv-(F)- ]-´w- Xm-Wp-]n-≈-(_n)- F- sP- tPm¨-(kn)- ]-d-hq¿- Sn- sI- \m-cm-b-W-]n-≈-(Un)- ]-\-ºn-≈n- tKm-hn-µ-ta-t\m≥-

82.- cm-jv-S-]-Xn- ]-Y-a- C- Fw- F-kv- a-¥n-k- -sb-]n-cn-®p-hn- - Xo-b-Xn-F)- 1958 Pq-sse- 1 (_n)- 1959 B-K-kv-Xv- 15kn)- 1959 Pq-sse- 31 (Un)- 1959 G-]n¬- 5

83.- H-∂mw- tI-c-f- \n-b-a-k- -bn¬- ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ko-‰p-Iƒ- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.F-)- 108 (_n)- 126kn)- 133 (Un)- 140

84.- s\-Sp-ºm-t»-cn- hn-am-\-Øm-h-fw- G-Xv- Pn-√-bn-em-Wv?-F)- a-e-∏p-dw- (_n)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv-kn)- F-d-Wm-Ip-fw- (Un)- I-Æq¿-

85.- Xm-sg-∏-d-bp-∂h-bn¬- G-Xm-Wv- h-≈-tØmƒ- \-K-dp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂-Xv-F)-tI-c-f- km-ln-Xy- A-°m-Z-an-(_n)- tI-c-f- I-em-a-fi-ew-kn) - tI-c -f - t^m-Iv -tem¿- A-°m-Z -an -(Un)- tI-c-f- e-fn-X-I-em- A-°-m-Z-an-

86.- tI-c-f-Øn¬- G-‰-hp-sam-Sp-hn¬- cq-]-h¬-Ir-X-am-b- Pn-√-F)- ]-Ø-\w-Xn- - (_n)- I-Æq¿-kn)- Im-k¿-tIm-Sv- (Un)- a-e-∏p-dw-

87.- B-[p-\n-I- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-I-q-dn-s‚- in¬-]n- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- cm-Pm-hv-F)- [¿-a-cm-Pm-hv- (_n)- kz-m-Xn-Xn-cp-\mƒ-kn)- B-bn-e-yw- Xn-cp-\mƒ-(Un)- am¿-Øm-fi-h¿-a-

88.- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- K-h¿-W¿-F)- ]n- Pn- F≥- D-Æn-Øm≥-(_n)- F¬- Fw- ss]-en-kn)- _n- cm-a-Ir-jv-W-dm-hp-(Un)- sI- Sn- tIm-in-

89.- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- hn-Zym-`ym-k-a-¥n-F)- hn- B¿- Ir-jv-W-ø¿-(_n)- tPm-k-^v- ap-≠-t»-cn-kn)- C- Fw- F-kv- (Un)- ]n- sI- Nm-Ø≥-

90.- tI-c-f- km-ln-Xy- A-°m-Z-an-bp-sS- B-ÿm-\w-F)- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw- (_n)- I-Æq¿-kn)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- (Un)- Xr-iq¿-

91.- Xn-cp-˛sIm-®n-bn-se- B-Z-y-sØ- sX-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏- - ap-Jy-a-¥n-F-)- ]-´w- Xm-Wp-]n-≈ -(_n)- ]-d-hp¿- Sn- sI- \m-cm-b--W]n--≈-kn)- kn- tI-i-h≥- (Un)- F- sP- tPm¨-

92.- C- Fw- F-kv- B-Zy-sØ- tI-c-f- ap-Jy-a-¥n-bm-bn- A-[n-Im-c-ta-‰- Xo-b-Xn-F-)- 1957 G-]n¬ 5 (_n)- 1957 am¿-®v- 16kn)- 1957 s^-_p-h-cn- 28(Un)- 1957 am¿-®v- 11

93.- tI-c-f-Øn¬- c-≠m-a-sØ- sX-c-s™-Sp-∏v- \-S-∂- h¿-jw-F)- 1959 (_n)- 1960kn)- 1963 (Un)- 1965

94.- A-Jn-te-¥ym-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬- I-ayq-Wn-kv-‰v-]m¿-Sn- ]n-f¿-∂- h¿-jw-(F) 1961 (_n)- 1963(kn)- 1967 (Un)- 1964

95.- A-©p-h¿-jw- Xn-I-®p-`-cn-®- B-Zy-sØ- tI-c-f- ap-Jy-a-¥n-(F)- sI- I-cp-Wm-I-c≥-(_n)- C- sI- \m-b-\m¿-(kn)- kn- A-Nyp-X-ta-t\m≥- (Un)- B¿- i-¶¿-

96.- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw- hn-am-\-Øm-h-f-sØ- A-¥m-c-m-jv-S- hn-am-\-Øm-h-f-am-bn- ]-J-ym-]n-®- h¿-jw-F)- 1990 (_n-)- 1991k-n)- 1992 (Un)- 1993

97.- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- h-\n-Xm- a-Pn-kv-tS-‰v-:-F)- io-te-J- (_n)- Hm-a-\-Ip-™-Ω-kn)- kp-Pm-Xm- a-t\ml¿-(Un)- sI- sI- D-j-

98.- B-Zy-sØ- _-jo¿- ]p-c-kv-Im-c-Øn-\¿-l-am-b-Xv-F)- H- F≥- hn- (_n)- tI-m-hn-e≥-kn)- Fw- Sn- hm-kp-tZ-h≥-\m-b¿-(Un)- Xn-t°m-Sn-b≥-

99.- Ip-a-c-Iw- ]-£n-k-t¶-Xw- G-Xv- Pn-√-bn-em-Wv?-F)- I-Æq¿- (_-n)- sIm√w-kn)- B-e-∏p-g- (Un)- tIm-´-bw-

100.- a-e-_m¿- kn-a‚ v- m-Iv-S-dn- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv?-F)- \m-´-Iw- (_n)- hm-f-bm¿-kn)- sh-≈q¿- (Un)- A-º-e-ap-Kƒ-

101.- tI-c-f-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- IqSp-X¬- ]p-I-bne- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂- Pn-√-F)- Im-k¿-tIm-Sv- (_n)- h-b-\m-Sv-kn)- C-Sp-°n- (Un)- ]m-e-°m-Sv-

102.- B-Zy-sØ- h-≈-tØmƒ- A-hm¿-Uv-t\-Sn-bXv-

F)- iq-c-\m-Sv- Ip-™≥-]n-≈-(_n)- ]m-em- \m-cm-b-W≥-\m-b¿-kn)- kp-K-X-Ip-am-cn-(Un)- e-f-n-Xmw-_n-I- A-¥¿-P-\w-

103.- kw-ÿm-\- h-\n-Xm- I-ao-j-s‚- ]-Y-a- A-[y-£-bm-b-Xv-F)- Fw- I-a-ew-(_n)- kp-io-em-tKm-]m-e≥-kn)- kp-K-X-Ip-am-cn-(Un)- \-_o-km- D-Ωmƒ-

104.- H-∂mw- tI-c-f- \n-b-a-k- - \n-e-hn¬-h-∂- Xo-b-Xn-F)- 1957 G-]n¬ 5 (_n)- 1957 am¿-®v- 16kn)- 1957 am¿-®v- 11 (Un)- 1957 s^-_-p-h-cn- 28.-

105.- sIm-®n- I-∏¬- \n¿-am-W-im-e-bn¬- \n¿-an-®-B-Zy-sØ- I-∏¬-F)- ssI-c-fn- (_n)- dm-Wn- ]-fln-\n-Un)- Qm≥-kn -dm-Wn-(Un)- km-K¿- km-am-´v-

106.- tI-c-fw- k-ºq¿-W- km-£-c-X- ssI-h-cn-®- kw-ÿ-m-\-am-b- h¿-jw-F)- 1988 (_n)- 1989kn-)- 1990 (Un)- 1991

107.- hn-tam-N-\- k-a-c-Øn-\v- t\-Xr-Xz-w-\¬-In-b-Xv-F)- ]n- Sn- Nm-t°m -(_n)- a-∂-Øv- ]-fl-\m-`≥-kn)- ]-´w- Xm-Wp-]n-≈- (Un-)- B¿- i-¶¿-

108.- Im-°\m-S-s‚- b-Ym¿-Y-t]-cv-F)- tPm¿-Pv- h¿-Ko-kv-(_n)- hn- am-[-h≥-\m-b¿-kn)- ]n- kn- tKm-]m-e≥-(Un)- sI- C- a-Øm-bn-

109.- C-¥y≥- kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬-sh-®v- P-\-kw-Jy-bn¬- tI-c-f-Øn-s‚- ÿm-\w-:-F)- 18 (_n)- 21kn)- 15 (Un)- 12

110.- sk‚¿- t^m¿- sU-h-e-]v-sa‚ v- Hm- v- C-ta-Pn-Mv- sS-Iv-t\m-f-Pn-bp-sS- B-ÿm-\w-F)- sIm-®n- (_n)- sIm-√w-kn-)- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw- (Un)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv-

111. tIcfØn¬- BZy-sØ h\n-Xm- No-^v-skI´dn-:F)- Hm-a\°p-™Ω(_n)- A∂ cm-Ppw- tPm¿-Pv-kn)- ]flm- cm-aNµ≥- (Un)- A∂m-Nm≠n-

112.- Xm-sg]dbp-∂hcn¬- GXv- Ihn-bm-Wv-IYIfn-sbpw- tam-ln-\n-bm- sØbpw- ]p-\cp-≤cn-®Xvv-(F)- D≈q¿- (_n)- h≈tØmƒ-(kn)- Ip-am-c\m-im≥- (Un)- A°n-Øw-

113.- ]kn-U‚n-s‚ sh≈n-saU¬- t\Sn-b BZy-sØ aebm-fNn-Xw-(F)- Hcn-SØv- (_n)- ]n-dhn-(kn-)- \o-e°p-bn¬- (Un)- sNΩo≥-

114.- tIcfØn-se cm-Py-k`m- ko-‰p-Ifp-sS FÆw-(F)- 20 (_n)- 12(kn)- 10 (Un)- 9

115.- Kp-cp-hm-bq¿- kXy-KlØn-s‚ thmf≠n-b¿-Iym-]v-‰≥- Bbn-cp-∂Xv-(F)- sI tIf∏≥- (_n)- F sI tKm-]m-e≥-(kn)- Sn- sI am-[h≥-(Un)- a∂Øv- ]fl\m-`≥-

116.- hn-tam-N\ kacw- \S∂ h¿jw-(F)- 1957 (_n-)- 1958(kn)- 1959 (Un)- 1960

117.- sNdp-Im-Sv- F∂ km-ln-Xy-Im-cs‚ bYm¿-Y\m-aw-F)- kn- tKm-hn-µ]n-jm-cSn-(_n)- Sn- kn- tPm-k^v-kn)- cm-Lh≥-]n-≈ (Un)- Fw- am-Xyp-

118-.- C¥y-bp-sS BsI hn-kv-Xo¿-WØn-s‚FXiXam-\am-Wv- tIcfw?-(F)- 3.-88 (_n-)- 1.-18(kn)- 3.-4 (Un)- 2.-11

119.-- Xm-sg∏dbp-∂hcn¬- Fhn-sSbm-Wv- Iip-h≠n- KthjWtIµw- ÿn-Xn-sNøp-∂Xv-(F)- B\°bw- (_n)- ]∂n-bq¿-(kn)- as¶m-ºv- (Un)- ssh‰n-e

120.-- sk≥-S¬- Syq-_¿-tIm-]v-kv- dn-k¿-hv- C≥-kv-‰n-‰yq- v- tIcfØn¬- Fhn-sS ÿn-Xn-sNøp-∂p?-(F)- io-Im-cyw- (_n)- Aºehb¬-(kn)- ]mtem-Sv- (Un)- Im-bw-Ip-fw-

121.-- tIcfØn-se BZy-sØ No v- Pkv-‰n-kv-F)- kp-Pm-Xm- at\m-l¿-(_n)- sI Sn- tIm-in-kn)- _n- cm-aIr-jv-Wdm-hp- (Un)- A∂m-Nm-≠n-

122.- tIcf Iem-afiew- ÿm-]n-Xam-b h¿-jw-(F)- 1925 (_n)- 1935(kn)- 1930 (Un)- 1920

123.- Kp-cp-hm-bq¿- kXy-KlØn-\v- t\XrXzw-\¬-In-bXv-

F)- Sn- sI am-[h≥- (_n)- kn- tIih≥-kn)- sI tIf∏≥-(Un)- sI ]n- tIihtat\m≥-

124.- ]p-∂]˛hb\m¿- kacw- \S∂ h¿-jw-(F)- 1946 (_n-)- 1938(kn)- 1932 (Un-)- 1928

125.- Bcp-sS Xq-en-Im-\m-aam-Wv- Cµp-Nq-U≥-(F)- hn- Zm-tam-Zc]n-≈(_n-)- ]n- F≥- Icp-Wm-Ic≥-(kn)- F®v- Im-knw-]n-≈(Un)- sI sI \o-eIWv-T≥-

126.- C¥y≥- kw-ÿm-\ßfn¬- hn-kv-Xo¿-Wm-Sn-ÿm-\Øn¬- tIcfØn-s‚ ÿm-\w-:(F)- 12 (_n)- 16(kn)- 18 (Un)- 21

127. tIcfØn¬- Ip-cp-ap-f-Iv- K-th-j-W-tI-µw-ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂- ÿ-ew-:-(F)- B\°bw- (_n)- Im-bw-Ip-fw-(kn)- ]∂n-bq¿- (Un)- ]o-®n-

128. FXh¿-jØn-sem-cn-°em-Wv- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-csØ ]fl\m- kzm-an-t£XØn¬- ap-dP]w-\SØp-∂Xv?-(F)- Bdv- (_n)- \m-ev-(kn)- ]¥≠v (Un)- Ggv-

129. GXv- h¿-j-am-Wv- a-t\m-c-a-bp-sS- ]-kn-≤o-I-c-Ww-Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- k¿-°m¿- X-S-™-Xv-(F)- 1946 (_n)- 1938(kn-)- 1936 (Un)- 1935

130.- kn- ]n- cm-akzm-an- Aøcp-sS A[y-£Xbn¬-c≠mw- ae_m¿- tIm¨-Kkv- ktΩf\w-\S∂ h¿-jw-(F)- 1921 (_n)- 1919(kn)- 1917 (Un)- 1914

131.- tIcfØn-se tem-Iv-k`m- ko-‰p-Ifp-sS FÆw-(F)- 12 (_n)- 9(kn)- 20 (Un-)- 14

132.- ]ºbp-sS Zm-\w- F∂dn-bs∏Sp-∂Xv-F) - Hm -®n -d _n - ) - Bd∑p -fkn-)- Ip-´\m-Sv- Un)- i_cn-ae

133.- ssh°w- kXy-Klw- \S∂ h¿-jw-(F)- 1924˛25 (_n)- 1928(kn)- 1931˛32 (Un)- 1936

134.- Xm-sg∏dbp-∂hcn¬- Bcm-Wv- Cu-ghsatΩm-dn-ben-\v- t\Xr-Xzw-\¬-In-bXv.-(F)- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ-(_n- tUm.- ]¬-]p-(kn-)- tI tIf∏≥- (Un-)- kn- tIih≥-

135.- \µ\m¿- F∂ Xq-en-Im-\m-aØn¬- Adn-bs∏´Xv-(F)- ]n- kn- tKm-]m-e≥-(_n)- Fw- sI tKm-]n-\m-Y≥-\mb¿-(kn)- Fw- sI tat\m≥-(Un)- F≥- ]n- cm-PtiJc≥-

136.- ]n- Fkv- sNdnbmF∂ Xq-en-Im-\m-aw- kzo-Icn-® t\Xm-hv-:(F)- F sI tKm-]m-e≥-(_n)- C Fw- Fkv- (kn)- C sI \m-b\m¿(Un)- sI ]n- B¿- tKm-]m-e≥-

137.- tIcf sslt°m-SXn- ÿm-]n-Xam-b h¿-jw-(F)- 1956 (_n)- 1957(kn)- 1958 (Un-)- 1959

138.- Xm-sg∏dbp∂hbn¬- ]£n- kt¶Xw- GXm-Wv?-(F)- s]m-∑p-Sn- (_n-)- t_°¬-(kn-)- Xt´°m-Sv- (Un)- t]∏m-d

139.- sIm-√h¿-jw- Bcw`n-®Xv- ˛ ˛ em-Wv.-(F)- FUn- 852 (_n)- FUn- 622(kn)- FUn-625 (Un)- FUn- 825

140.- sk‚¿- t^m¿- hm- ¿- dn-tkm-gv-kkv- sUhe]v-sa‚ v- B≥-Uv- am-t\Pv-sa‚ v- Fhn-sS ÿn-Xn-sNøp-∂p?-(F)- IÆq¿- (_n)- sh≈m-bWn(kn)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- Un)- I©n-t°m-Sv-

141.- tIcfØn¬- G‰hpw- IqSpX¬- Im-∏n- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂ Pn-√(F)- Im-k¿-tIm-Sv- (_n)- ]m-e°m-Sv-(kn-)- CSp-°n- (Un)- hb\m-Sv-

142.- BZy-sØ hbem¿- Ahm¿-Un-\¿-lbm-bXv-(F)- efn-Xmw-_n-I A¥¿-P\w-(_n-)- kp-KXIp-am-cn-(kn)- ]n- sI _m-eIr-jv-W≥-(Un-)- Sn- ]fl\m-`≥-

143.- FdWm-Ip-fw,- cm-Py-sØ kºq¿-W km-£cXssIhcn-® BZy- Pn-√bm-b h¿-jw-(F)- 1991 (_n)- 1990(kn-)- 1989 (Un)- 1988

144.- Xm-sg∏dbp-∂hcn¬- Bcm-bn-cp-∂p- ssh°w-kXy-KlØn-s‚ t\Xm-hv-(F)- Aø≥-Im-fn- (_n)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-(kn)- N´ºn- kzm-an-Iƒ-(Un)- Sn- sI am-[h≥-

145.- Bjm-tat\m≥- Bcp-sS Xq-en-Im- \m-aam-Wv?-(F)- Aø∏≥-]n-≈ (_n-)- k®n-Zm-\µ≥-(kn)- io-Ip-am¿- (Un)- F ]n- ]tXm-kv-

146.- tIcf s]m-eo-kv- A°m-Zan- ÿn-Xn-sNøp-∂Xv-(F)- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw- (_n)- sIm-√w-(kn)- cm-ah¿-a]p-cw- (Un)- Acn-∏

147.- tIcf t^m-dkv-‰v- dn-k¿-®v- C≥-kv‰n-‰yq- v- Fhn-sS ÿn-Xn-sNøp-∂p?-(F)- Acn-∏ (_n)- ]o-®n-(kn)- ]\ßmSv- (Un)- aÆp-Øn-

148.- tIcfØn¬- BZy-sØ sSIt\m-]m¿-°v-ÿm-]n-°s∏´ ÿew-(F)- Nm-Øaw-Kew- (_n)- Ifat»cn-(kn)- Im-cy-h´w- (Un)- sIm-®n-

149.- Xm-sg∏dbp-∂hcn¬- Bcm-Wv- _m-ekm-ln-Xy-Im-c≥- F∂ \n-ebn¬- ]kn-≤\m-bXv?-(F)- Im-cq¿- \o-eIWv-T]n-≈(_n-)- ]n- Ip-™n-cm-a≥-\m-b¿(kn-)- C hn- Ir-jv-W]n-≈ -(Un-)- tPm-k^v- ap-≠ticn-

150.- Bcp -sS BflIYbm-Wv - "sIm-gn -™CeIƒ'?-F)- kp-Ip-am¿- Ago-t°m-Sv-(_n)- Pn- i¶c°p-dp-∏v-kn)- tPm-k^v- ap-≠t»cn-(Un)- F sI tKm-]m-e≥.-

151.- GXp- h¿-jam-Wv- "kw-t£] thZm¿-∞w'-]kn-≤s∏Sp-Øn-bXv(F)- 1772 (_n)- 1750(kn-)- 1789 (Un)- 1802

152.- am¿-Øm-Wv-Uh¿-a Xr-∏Sn-Zm-\w- \SØn-b h¿-jw-:(F)1721 (_n- )1729(kn)- 1758 (Un-)- 1750

153.- tIcfØn¬- GXp- h¿-jam-Wv- CeIv-tSm-Wn-Iv- thm-ń-Mv- b¥w- BZy-am-bn- D]tbm-Kn-®Xv-F)- 1984 (_n-)- 1982kn)- 1987 (Un)- 1991

154.- "Kp-cp-km-Kcw'- cNn-®Xv-(F)- kp-Ip-am¿- Ago-t°m-Sv-(_n)- Fw- ap-Ip-µ≥-(kn)- kn- cm-[m-Ir-jv-W≥- (Un)- H hn- hn-Pb≥-

155.- "tIcf slan-Mv-th'- F∂dn-bs∏Sp-∂Xv-:(F)- XIgn- (_n)- Fw- Sn-kn) - shÆn-°p -fw - tKm -]m -e°p-dp -∏ v -(kn)- Fkv- sI s]m-‰°m-´v-

156.- tIcfØn-se BZy-sØ saUn-°¬- tIm-tfPv- ÿm-]n-°s∏´ ÿew-(F)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- (_n)- Be∏p-g(kn-)- tIm-´bw- (Un)- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw-

157.- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- k¿-hIem-im-e ÿm-]n-Xam-b h¿-jw-(F)- 1936 (_n-)- 1947(kn)- 1937 (Un)- 1940

158.- tIcf `m-jm- C≥-kv-‰n-‰yq-ń-s‚ BZy-sØUbdŒ¿-(F)- Cfw-Ip-fw- ]n- F≥- Ip-™≥-]n-≈(_n)- k¿-Zm¿- sI Fw- ]Wn-°¿-(kn)- F≥- hn- Ir-jv-Whm-cy¿-(Un)- hbem¿- cm-ah¿-a

159.- tIcf kv-t‰‰v- CeIv-Sn-kn-‰n- t_m¿-Uv- ÿm-]n-Xam-b h¿-jw-(F)- 1964 (_n-) 1957(kn)- 1960 (Un)- 1963

160.- ]Xn-aq-∂mw- iXIØn¬- tIcfw- kµ¿-in-®am¿-t°m- t]m-tfm-sb∂ k©m-cn- GXp- cm-Py-°m-c\m-bn-cp-∂p?-(F)- FtXym-]y- (_n)- ssN\(kn)- C‰en- (Un)- t]m¿-®p-K¬-

161.- Kp-≠¿-ń-s‚ \n-L≠p- ]kn-≤s∏Sp-Øn-bh¿-jw-(F)- 1889 (_n)- 1847(kn)- 1872 (Un)- 1856

162.- GXv- DSºSn- ]Im-cam-Wv- _n-ó-jp-Im¿-°v-Sn-∏p-hn¬- \n-∂pw- ae_m¿- e`n-®Xv-(F)- aw-Kem-]p-cw- DSºSn- (_n) - io -cw -K]´Ww- DSºSn-(kn)- aZm-kv- DSºSn-(Un)- Aar-Xk¿- DSºSn-

163.- tIcf \n-bak`bp-sS Ncn-XØn¬- G‰hpw-Iq-Sp-X¬- ]m-hiyw- Im-kv-‰n-Mv- thm- v- ]tbm-Kn-® kv-]o-°¿-(F)- h°w- ]p-cp-tjm-Øa≥-(_n)- hn- Fw- kp-[o-c≥-(kn)- F kn- tPm-kv- (Un-)- Fw- hn-PbIp-am¿-

164.- tIcfØn-se Zz-bmw-K ]m¿-esa≥≥-dv,- Akw-ªn- \n-tbm-PIaWv-Ueßsf GImw-K aWv-Ueßfm-°n- am-‰n-b h¿-jw:(F)- 1959 (_n)-1961(kn)- 1977 (Un)- 1979

165.- GXp- Ir-Xn-bm-Wv- F B¿- cm-Pcm-Ph¿-abp-tSX√m-ØXv?-(F)- hr-ØaRv-Pcn- (_n)- m-jm-`q-jWw-(kn)- abq-cktµiw-

6 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2016 Pq - 1

(Un-)- tIcf ]m-Wn-\o-bw-166.- io- i¶c kw-Ivr-X k¿-hIem-im-ebp-sS

Bÿm-\w-:(F)- sIm-Sp-ß√q¿- (_n)- Im-eSn-(kn)- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw- (Un)- Xr-∏q-Wn-Øp-d

167.- "hm-g°p-e'- cNn-®Xv-(F)- CS∏≈n- cm-Lh≥-]n-≈(_n)- hbem¿-(kn)- h≈tØmƒ- (Un)- Nßºp-g

168.- ]g»n-cm-Psb "tIcfknw-lw'- F∂p- hn-tijn-∏n-®Xv-(F)- B¿- sI j¨-ap-Jw- sNń-(_n)- hn- sI Ir-jv-Wtat\m≥-(kn)- k¿-Zm¿- sI Fw- ]Wn-°¿-(Un)- F io-[ctat\m≥-

169.- GXp- Ir-Xn-sb ap≥-\n¿-Øn-bm-Wv- Fkv- sIs]m-‰°m- n-\v- ⁄m-\]o-Tw- \¬-In-bXv-(F)- Hcp- sXcp-hn-s‚ IY (_n) - Hcp -tZiØn-s‚ IY(kn)- _m-en-Zzo-]v-(Un)- Im-∏n-cn-Ifp-sS \m-ń¬-

170.- FUn- 1442˛¬- tIcfØn-seØn-b hn-tZik©m-cn-:(F)- I_mƒ- (_n)- am¿-t°m-t]m-tfm-(kn)- sk≥-dv- tXm-akv-(Un)- A_v-Zpƒ- dkm-°v-

171.- tIcf sslth dn-k¿-hv- C≥-kv-‰n-‰yq- v- Fhn-sS ÿn-Xn- sNøp-∂p?-(F)- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw- (_n)- sIm-®n-(kn)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- (Un)- tIm-´bw-

172.- tIcfØn¬- G‰hpw- Ip-d®p-Im-ew- a¥n-bm-bn-cp-∂Xv-:(F)- hn- sI the∏≥-(_n)- Fw- ]n- ho-tcµIp-am¿-(kn)-ctaiv- sN∂n-Øe(Un)- kn- lcn-Zm-kv-

123. "ssIkv-Xh Im-fn-Zm-k≥'- F∂dn-bs∏´Xv-(F)- ]n- kn- tZ-h-ky-(_n-)- I-´-°-b-Øn¬-- sNdn-bm≥- am-∏n-f(kn)- Fw- ]n- t]mƒ- (Un)- ap-´Øp- h¿-°n-

174.- hn-Œ¿- bq-tKm-bp-sS "]m-hßƒ'- aebm-fØn-te°v- X¿-Pa sNbv-XXv?-(F)- h≈tØmƒ-(_n)- Im-cq¿- \o-eIWv-T]n-≈(kn)-\m-e∏m- v- \m-cm-bWtat\m≥ -(Un)- sI ]n- tIihtat\m≥-

175.- "aIcs°m-bv-Øv'- cNn-®Xv-(F)- CSt»cn- (_n)- sshtem-∏n-≈n-(kn)- Pn- i¶c°p-dp-∏v-(Un)- hbem¿- cm-ah¿-a

176.- sIm-®n- cm-Pm-°≥-am-cp-sS In-co-S[m-cWw-\S∂n-cp-∂ ÿew-:(F)- Nn-XIq-Sw- (_n)- ]©hSn-(kn)- \o-eKn-cn (Un)- Xfn-

177.- ]g»n- cm-Pm-hv- A¥cn-® h¿-jw-(F)- 1799 (_n)- 1809(kn)- 1806 (Un)- 1805

178.- BZy-sØ AJn-e tIcf tIm¨-Kkv-ktΩf\w- Fhn-sSsh®m-Wv- \S∂Xv-(F)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- (_n)- ]ø∂q¿-(kn)- H‰∏m-ew- (Un)- Xn-cp-h\¥]pcw-

179.- "⁄m-\∏m-\'- cNn-®Xv-(F)- sNdp-t»cn- (_n)- ta¬-∏Øq¿-(kn-)- ]q-¥m-\w- (Un)- Ip-©≥- \ºym¿-

180.- tIm- bw- tIcfh¿-a GXp- t]cn-em-Wv- ]kn-≤\m-bn-cp-∂Xv?-(F)- [¿-acm-Pm-hv- (_n)- i‡≥- Xºp-cm≥-(kn)- ]g»n-cm-P (Un)- aßm-´®≥-

181.- U®p-Im-cp-sS I∏¬-kaq-lw- BZy-am-bn-tIcfØn¬- h∂ h¿-jw-:(F)- 1604 (_n)- 1498(kn)- 1524 (Un)- 1600

182.- sk≥-S¬- assd≥- n-jdo-kv- dn-k¿-®v- C≥-kv-‰n-‰yq- v- Fhn-sS ÿn-Xn- sNøp-∂p?-(F)- Acq¿- (_n)- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw-(kn)- sIm-®n- (Un)- hn-gn-™w-

183.- ]n- Sn- Dj tIm-®n-Mv- sk‚¿- Fhn-sSbm-Wv?-(F)- ]tøm-fn- (_n)- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw-(kn)- ]ø∂q¿- (Un)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv-

184.- C¥y-bn-se BZy-sØ kz-Im-cy- Sn- hn- Nm-\¬- Iº\n-(F)- kq-cy- (_n)- ssIcfn-(kn)- Gjym-s\‰v- (Un)- Po-h≥-

185.- "]m-´_m-°n'- cNn-®Xv-(F)- Fw- Sn- (_n)- ap-´Øp- h¿-°n-(kn)- tXm-∏n¬- `m-kn-(Un)- sI Zm-tam-Zc≥-

186. BZy-sØ AJn-etIcf tIm¨-Kkv-ktΩf\Øn¬- (1921)- A[y-£X hln-®Xv-(F)- Phl¿-em¬- s\lv-dp-(_n)- Sn- ]Im-iw-(kn)- B\n- _k≥-dv- (Un)- sI tIf∏≥-

187.- "tIcf hym-k≥'- F∂dn-bs∏´Xv-:(F)- sIm-Sp-ß√q¿- Ip-™n-°p-´≥- Xºp-

cm≥-(_n)- tIcf h¿-a hen-bØºp-cm≥-(kn)- h≈tØmƒ-(Un)- F B¿- cm-Pcm-Ph¿-a

188.- am¿-t°m-t]m-tfm- tIcfØn-seØn-b h¿-jw-(F)- 1342 (_n)- 1442(kn)- 1292 (Un)- 1498

189.- ]Xn-s\ć Ihn-Ifn¬- "Ac°hn'- F∂dn-bs∏ń-cp-∂Xv-(F)- sNdp-t»cn- (_n)- ]q-¥m-\w-(kn)- Ip-©≥- \ºym¿(Un)- ]q-\w- \ºq-Xn-cn-

190.- am¿-Øm-Wv-Uh¿-a Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬-`cWta‰h¿-jw-(F)- 1741 (_n)- 1729(kn)- 1750 (Un)- 1758

191.- a´m-t©cn-bn¬- blq-Z∏≈n- ÿm-]n-°s∏´h¿-jw-(F)- 1567 (_n)- 1576(kn)- 1561 (Un)- 1577

192.- Xm-sg∏dbp-∂hcn¬- Bcm-Wv- Ahn-izm-k]tabsØXp-S¿-∂v- cm-Pn-sh® BZy-a¥n-(F) A\¥≥- \ºym¿-(_n)- Aºm- p- in-hcm-atat\m≥-(kn)- tUm.- F B¿- tat\m≥-(Un)- Sn- sI \m-b¿-

193.- sk≥-S¬- C≥-kv-‰n-‰yq- v- Hm- v- n-jdo-kv- sSIv-t\m-fPn- Fhn-sS ÿn-Xn- sNøp-∂p?-(F)- \o-≠Ic (_n)- hn-gn-™w-(kn)- sIm-®n- (Un)- s]m-∂m-\n-

194.- "ASp-°fbn¬- \n-∂v- AcßtØ°v'- cNn-®Xv-(F)- efn-Xm-w-_n-I A¥¿-P\w-(_n)- am-[hn-°p-ń- (kn)- hn- Sn- ´Xn-cn-∏m-Sv-(Un)- Fw- B¿- _n-

195.- "tIcfm kv-tIm-´v'- F∂dn-bs∏´Xv-(F)- sI tIf∏≥-(_n)- knhn- cm-a≥-]n-≈(kn)- F≥- Ir-jv-W]n-≈(Un)- shÆn-°p-fw- tKm-]m-e°p-dp-∏v-

196.- sIFkv-B¿-Sn-kn- \n-ehn¬- h∂h¿-jw-(F)- 1965 (_n)- 1957(kn)- 1967 (Un)- 1960

197.- tIcfØn-seØn-b BZy- bq-tdm-]y≥- k©m-cn-(F)- hm-kv-tIm- Un- Km-a (_n)- I_mƒ-(kn)- am¿-t°m- t]mtfm- (Un)- A¬-ssaU

198.- ]m-No-\Im-eØv- "tKm-io'- F∂dn-bs∏ń-cp-∂Xv-(F)- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- (_n)- sIm-®n-(kn-)- tIm-eØp-\m-Sv- (Un)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv-

199.- tIcf m-jm- C≥-kv-‰n-‰yq- n-s‚ Bÿm-\w-:(F)- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw- (_n)- Xr-iq¿-(kn)- IÆq¿- (Un)- FdWm-Ip-fw-

200. an-I® \Sn-°p-≈ tZio-b Ahm¿Uv- aebm-fØn¬- \n-∂pw- BZy-am-bn- t\Sn-bXv-(F)- im-cZ (_n)- tim-`\(kn)- tam-\n-j (Un)- Chcm-cp-a√.-

201 "tIcfo-b≥'- F∂dn-bs∏´Xv-F) - IS]bØv- Ip -™∏≥- \ºym¿-(_n)- hn- hn- Aø∏≥-kn)- tKm-hn-µ KWI≥-(Un)- Fw- B¿- ´Xn-cn-∏m-Sv-

202.- tIcfØn¬- Fhn-sSbm-Wv- tSm-∏n-°¬-s_m-´m-Wn-°¬- Km¿-U≥- B≥-dv- dn-k¿-®v-C≥-kv-‰n-‰yq- v- ÿn-Xn- sNøp-∂Xv?-(F)- Im-k¿-tIm-Sv- (_n)- ]m-tem-Sv-(kn)- ]o-®n- (Un)- dm-Wn-]p-cw-

203.- "c≠mw-aq-gw'- cNn-®Xv-(F)- tkXp- (_n)- Im-°\m-S≥-(kn)- Fw- Sn- (Un)- aebm-‰q¿-

204. - alm-flKm-‘n- k¿-hIem-im-ebp-sSBÿm-\w-(F)- AXn-cºp-g (_n)- \m- Iw(kn)- Ifat»cn- (Un)- Ip-acIw-

205.- Xm-sg∏dbp-∂hbn¬- GXm-Wv- kw-ÿm-\cq-]h¬-°cW kabØv- Xan-gv-\m- n¬- ebn-® Xm-eq-°v- A√m-ØXv?-(F)- I¬-°p-fw- (_n)- hn-fh≥-tIm-Sv-(kn)- tXm-hm-f (Un)- Xn-cp-s\¬-then-

206.- tIcf t^m-dkv-‰v- Uhe]v-sa≥-dv- tIm¿-]tdjs‚ Bÿm-\w-:(F)- ]p-\eq¿- (_n)- \n-eºq¿-(kn)- ]o-®n (Un)- tIm-´bw-

207.- Xm-sg∏dbp-∂hcn¬- Bcm-Wv- ]Xn-\m-emw-iXIØn¬- tIcfw- kµ¿-in-®Xv?-(F)- hm-kv-tIm- U Km-a(_n)- C_≥- _ØqØ(kn)- am¿-t°m- t]m-tfm-(Un)- A_v-Zpƒ- dkm-°v-

208.- 1741 BKkv-Xv- 10˛\v- tIcf Ncn-XØn-ep-≈ ]m-[m-\yw-(F) B‰n-ß¬- Iem-]w -(_n)- Ip-f®¬- bp-≤Øn¬- U®p-Im¿-°v- ]cm-

Pbw-(kn-)- Xr-∏Sn-Zm-\w-(Un)- BZy-sØ ap-dP]w-

209.- Xm-sg∏dbp-∂hbn¬- GXn-s‚ Bÿm-\am-Wv- Xr-iq-cn¬- A√m-ØXv?-(F)- tIcf km-ln-Xy- A°m-Zan-(_n)- tIcf kw-Ko-X \m-SI A°m-Zan-(kn)- tIcf efn-XIem- A°m-Zan-(Un)- tIcf ]kv- A°m-Zan-

210.- ]n- sP B‚Wn- an-I® \S∂p-≈ tZio-bAhm¿-Uv- t\Sn-b h¿-jw-(F)- 1971 (_n)- 1973(kn)- 1975 (Un)- 1977

211.- tIcfØn¬- Fhn-sSbm-Wv- do-Pn-bW¬- d∫¿-dn-k¿-®v- C≥-kv-‰n-‰yq-´v- ÿn-Xn- sNøp-∂Xv?-(F)- Ip-acIw- (_n)- tIm-´bw-(kn)- Ip-afn- (Un)- ASn-am-en-

212.- C Fw- Fkv- c≠m-asØ ]m-hiyw- A[n-Im-cØn¬- h∂ h¿-jw-(F)- 1961 (_n)- 1965(kn)- 1967 (Un)- 1970

213.- "`m-cX]cy-S\w'- cNn-®Xv-(F)- kpIp-am¿- Ago-t°m-Sv-(_n)- tPm-k^v-ap-≠t»cn-(kn)- Ip- n-Ir-jv-Wam-cm¿-(Un)- C Fw- Fkv-

214.- tIcfØn-se BZy-sØ Bbp¿-thZtIm-tfPv- ÿm-]n-°s∏´sXhn-sSbm-Wv?-(F)- tIm-´bv-°¬- (_n)- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw-(kn)- Xr-∏q-Wn-Øp-d (Un) IÆq¿-

215.- Bcp-sS Ir-Xn-bm-Wv- "Io-NIh[w'-?(F)- kzm-Xn-Xn-cp-\mƒ-(_n)- Ccbn-º≥- Xºn-(kn)- DÆm-bn-hm-cy¿-(Un)- cm-a]p-cØp- hm-cy¿-

216.- am-am-¶Øn-te°v- Nm-th¿-]Ssb Ab®n-cp-∂ cm-Pm-hv-(F)- km-aq-Xn-cn- (_n)- sIm-®n-cm-Pm-hv-(kn)- h≈p-ht°m-\m-Xn-cn- (Un)- tIm-eØn-cn-

217.- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- \n-bak`bn¬- \m-a\n¿-tZiw-sNbv-Xv- Aw-Kam-°s∏´ BZy- h\n-X:(F)- A°m-Ω sNdn-bm≥- (_n)- B\n- akv-Io≥-(kn)- sI B¿- Ku-cn-(Un)- tacn- ]p-∂≥- eq-t°m-kv-

218.- Bcp-sS A[y-£Xbn¬- tN¿-∂ tbm-KØn-em-Wv- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬- C¥y≥- \m-jW¬-tIm -Kkn-s‚ im-J kw-LSn-∏n-°s∏´Xv-?(F)- Phl¿-em¬- s\lv-dp- (_n-)- Sn- ]Im-iw-(kn)- ]´m-`n- ko-Xm-cm-aø(Un)- kn- cm-PtKm-]m-em-Nm-cn-

219.- tIcf Ncn-XØn¬- "e¥°m¿'- F∂dn-bs∏Sp-∂Xv-:(F)- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im¿- (_n)- U®p-Im¿(kn)- Cw-•o-jp-Im¿- (Un)- -^©p-Im¿-

220.- tIcf k¿-hIem-im-e ÿm-]n-Xam-b h¿-jw-:(F)- 1946 (_n)- 1947(kn)- 1956 (Un)- 1957

221.- \m-b¿- k¿-ho-kv- skm-ssk‰n- ÿm-]n-°s∏´h¿-jw-:(F)- 1914 (_n)- 1924(kn)- 1916 (Un)- 1912

222.- aebm-fØn-se BZy-sØ Ncn-Xm-Jym-bn-I:(F)- [¿-acm-P (_n)- am¿-Øm-Wv-Uh¿-a(kn)- q-Xcm-b¿- (Un)- Cµp-teJ

223.- tIcf Im¿-jn-I k¿-hIem-im-ebp-sSBÿm-\w-:(F)- ]n-®n- (_n)- aÆp-Øn-(kn)- ap-f¶p-∂Øp-Im-hv-(Un)- sh≈m-bWn-

224.- Ip-am-c\m-im-s‚ BZy-sØ ]ikv-Xam-bIr-Xn:-(F)- ho-W]q-hv- (_n)- eo-e(kn)- Nn-¥m-hn-jv-Sbm-b ko-X(Un)- NWv-Um-e n-£p-In-

225. "s\Sn -bn -cp -∏ v ' - F∂dn -bs∏ń -cp -∂tZiLSIw- cn-®n-cp-∂Xv-:(F)- tIm-eØn-cn- (_n)- km-aq-Xn-cn-(kn)- sh≈m-ń-cn- (Un)- ]m-en-bØ®≥-

226.- C¥y-bn¬- CZw-]Yaam-bn- Hcp- h\n-Xsb\m-a\n¿-tZiw- sNbv-Xv- Aw-Kam-°n-b \n-bak` GXm-bn-cp-∂p?(F)- sIm-®n- (_n)- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿-(kn)- aZm-kv- (Un)- ssakq¿-

227.- tIcf Ncn-XØn¬- "]d¶n-Iƒ'- F∂dn-bs∏Sp-∂Xv-:F)- ^©p-Im¿- (_n)- U®p-Im¿-kn)- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im¿-(Un)- _o- o-jp-Im¿-

228.- GXp- cm-jv-S]Xn-bm-Wv- ]kv-Xp-X ÿm-\sØXXpw-ap-ºv- tIcf Kh¿-Wdm-bn- ]h¿-Øn-®n- p-≈Xv-?(F)- \o-ew- kRv-Po-h sdUv-Un-(_n)- B¿- sh¶n-ćm-a≥-(kn)- hn- hn- Kn-cn-(Un)- i¶¿- Zbm¬-i¿-a

229.- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- k¿-hIem-im-ebp-sS BZy-Nm≥-ke¿- Bbn-cp-∂Xv-?(F)- kn- ]n- cm-akzm-an- Aø¿-(_n)- io- Nn-Øn-cXn-cp-\mƒ-(kn)- tPm¨- aØm-bn-(Un)- tkXp- ]m¿-hXn-`m-bn-

230.- tXbn-e D¬-]m-Z\Øn¬- H∂mw-ÿm-\ap-≈Pn-√:(F) -hb\m-Sv- (_n)- tIm-´bw-(kn)- CSp-°n- (Un)- ]m-e°m-Sv-

231.- Xm-sg∏dbp-∂hbn¬- GXp- Ir-Xn-bm-Wv- Ip-©≥- \ºym-cp-tSX√m-ØXv?-(F)- Ieym-Wku-K‘n-Iw -(_n)- ]Xn-\m-ep-hr-Øw-(kn)- io-Ir-jv-WNcn-Xw- aWn-]hm-fw- (Un)-IrjvWKmY-

232.- GXp- k¿-hIem-im-ebp-sS Bÿm-\am-Wv-tX™n-∏m-eØv- ÿn-Xn- sNøp-∂Xv?-(F)- alm-flm-Km-‘n- (_n)- Ien-°‰v-(kn)- IÆq¿- (Un)- sIm-®n-

233.- B\ap-Sn-bp-sS Dbcw-:(F)- 2817 ao.- (_n)- 2695 ao.-(kn)- 2900 ao- (Un)- 2841 ao-

234.- 1342˛ 45 Im-eØv- tIcfw- kµ¿-in-® C_v≥-_Øq-Ø GXp- cm-Py-°m-c\m-bn-cp-∂p?-(F)- t]¿-jy- (_n)- C‰en-(kn)- sam-tdm-t°m- (Un)- ssN\

235.- Hcp- bq-tdm-]y≥- i‡n-sb ]cm-Pbs∏Sp-Øn-b BZy-sØ Gjy≥- cWm-[n-Im-cn-:(F)- kzm-Xn- Xn-cp-\mƒ-(_n)- am¿-Øm-Wv-Uh¿-a(kn)- i‡≥- Xºp-cm≥-(Un)- [¿-acm-Pm-hv-

236.- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- kv-t‰‰v- tIm -Kkv- cq-]hXv-Ir-Xam-bXv-(F) 1938 (_n)- 1940(kn)- 1936 (Un)- 1928

237.- "]c¥o-kp- m-j'- F∂Xp-sIm-≠v- Ncn-XIm-c≥-am¿- GXp- `m-jsbbm-Wv- kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂Xv?-(F)- Cw-•o-jv- (_n)- U®v-(kn)- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kv- (Un)- ^©v-

238.- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cØv- tIcfØn-se BZy-sØ]ªn-Iv- sse_dn- ÿm-]n-Xam-b h¿-jw-:(F)- 1834 (_n)- 1829(kn)- 1839 (Un)- 1846

239.- "\n¿-Ωm-eyw'- F∂ Nn-XØn-s‚ kw-hn-[m-bI≥-(F)- cm-ap- Im-cym-´v-(_n)- ASq¿- tKm-]m-eIr-jv-W≥-(kn)- Achn-µ≥-(Un)- Fw- Sn- hm-kp-tZh≥-\m-b¿-

240.- Ib¿- t_m¿-Un-s‚ Bÿm-\w-(F)- sIm-√w- (_n)- sIm-®n-(kn)- Be∏p-g (Un)- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw-

241.- "]Xn-s\ćIhn-Iƒ'- Bcp-sS kZ n-s\bm-Wv- Ae¶cn-®n-cp-∂Xv-(F)- am¿-Øm-Wv-Uh¿-a(_n)- am-\hn-Ia tZh≥-(kn)- i‡≥- Xºp-cm≥-(Un)- tIm-eØn-cn-

242.- D≈q¿- Fkv- ]ctaiz-cø¿- P\n-®h¿-jw-(F)- 1878 (_n)- 1877(kn)- 1899 (Un)- 1856

243.- Bcp-sS BflIYbm-Wv- "ssa kv-t‰m-dn'-(F)- C sI \m-b\m¿-(_n)- C Fw- Fkv-(kn)- Iaem- kq-cø(Un)- aebm-‰q¿- cm-aIr-jv-W≥-

244. "sNΩo≥'- F∂ Nn-XØn-s‚ kw-hn-[m-bI≥-(F)- ASq¿- tKm-]m-eIr-jv-W≥ -(_n)- Achn-µ≥-(kn)- tPm¨- F_lmw(Un)- cm-ap- Im-cym-´v-

245.- tIcfØn¬- ln-µp-ÿm≥- \yq-kv-]n≥-dv- m-Œdn- ÿn-Xn- sNøp-∂Xv-(F)- ]p-\eq¿- (_n)- \m-Íw-(kn)- sh≈q¿- (Un)- hm-fbm¿-

246.- kz-tZim- n-am-\n- sI cm-aIr-jv-W]n-≈fsb\m-Sp-ISØn-b Zn-hm≥-(F)- kn- ]n- cm-akzm-an- Aø¿-(_n)- ]n- cm-PtKm-]m-em-Nm-cn-(kn)- l_o-_p-≈ (Un)- Fw- C hm-Sv-kv-

247.- cm-Pm-chn-h¿-a A¥cn-® h¿-jw-(F)- 1908 (_n)- 1907(kn)- 1906 (Un)- 1910

248.Fkv-F≥-Un-]n- tbm-KØn-s≥-d ap≥-Km-an-:

2016 Pq - 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 7

(F)- ktlm-Zckw-Lw-(_n)- kaXz-kw-Lw-(kn)- r-Xy-P\kw-Lw-(Un)- hm-hq- p-tbm-Kw-

249. "`q-tem-I sshIp-Wv-Tw'- F∂p- hn-tijn-∏n-°p-∂ \Kcw-:(F)- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw- (_n)- sIm-®n-(kn)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- (Un)- Kp-cp-hm-bq¿-

250.- Xm-sg∏dbp-∂hbn¬- GXm-Wv- ]m-No-\Im-eØv- tIcfØn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂ Hcp- _p-≤aXtIµw-:(F)- Im-¥fq¿-im-e (_n-) ap-kn-cn-kv-(kn)- KW]Xn-h´w- (Un)- io-aq-ehm-kw-

251. C¥y-bn-se BZy-sØ Xn-cs™Sp-°s∏´kv-]o-°¿-(F)- F¬- Fw- ss]en-(_n)- i¶c\m-cm-bW≥- Xºn-(kn)- F sP tPm¨-(Un)- ]´w- Xm-Wp-]n-≈

252.- ae_m¿- Iem-]w- \S∂ h¿-jw-(F)- 1924 (_n)- 1921(kn)- 1925 (Un- 1928

253.- tIcfØn¬- sIm-¶Wn- `m-jm- `h≥- Fhn-sS ÿn-Xn- sNøp-∂p(F)- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw- (_n)- Be∏p-g(kn)- sIm-®n- (Un)- Xr-iq¿-

254.- sIm-®n-bp-sS ]gb Hcp- t]cm-Wv?-(F)- hS°pw-Iq¿- (_n)- sX°pw-Iq¿-(kn)- Hm-S\m-Sv- (Un)- s]cp-ºS∏v-

255.- tIcf km-ln-Xy- A°m-Zan- ÿm-]n-Xam-bh¿-jw-(F)- 1947 (_n)- 1950(kn)- 1956 (Un)- 1957

256.- tIcf kv-t‰‰v- lm≥-Uv-eqw- Uhev-sa≥-dv-tIm¿-∏tdjs‚ Bÿm-\w-:(F)- IÆq¿- (_n)- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw-(kn)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- (Un)- Xr-»q¿-

257.- ae_m¿- kn-a≥-dv- m-Œdn- Fhn-sSbm-Wv?-(F)- tIm-gn-t°mSv- _n)- hm-fbm¿-(kn)- s]m-∂m-\n- (Un)- \n-eºq¿-

258.- G‰hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- s\√p¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂ Pn-√(F)- ]m-e°m-Sv- (_n)- IÆq¿-(kn)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- (Un)- Be∏p-g

259.- Cchn-Ip-fw- h\y-Po-hn- kt¶Xw- \m-jW¬-]m¿-°m-bn- ]Jym-]n-°s∏´ h¿-jw-(F)- 1984 (_n)- 1978(kn)- 1980 (Un)- 1982

260.- ]o-®n- AWs°´v- GXp- Pn-√bn-em-Wv?-(F)- ae∏p-dw- (_n)- ]m-e°m-Sv-(kn)- Xr-iq¿- (Un)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv-

261.- Ip-dn-®y¿- kacw- \S∂ h¿-jw-(F)- 1815 (_n)- 1812(kn)- 1831 (Un)- 1821

262.- km-aq-Xn-cn-am¿- "tchXn- ]´Øm-\w'- \SØn-bn-cp-∂ thZn-(F)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- Xfn-t£Xw-_n)- \m-hm- ap-Ip-µt£Xw-(kn)- tem-I\m¿-Im-hv-(Un)- Chsbm-∂p-a√

263.- 1949 Pq-sse H∂n-\v- Xn-cp-˛ sIm-®n- kw-tbm-P\w- \S°p-tºmƒ- sIm-®n-bn¬- A[n-Im-cØn-en-cp-∂Xv-(F)- Sn- sI \m-b¿- (_n)- C°≠ hm-cy¿-(kn)- ]dhq¿- Sn- sI \m-cm-bW]n-≈(Un)- Chcm-cp-a√

264.- sIm-®n- Xp-dap-Jw- cq]wsIm≠Xv-:(F)- 1341 (_n)- 1431(kn)- 1440 (Un)- 1398

265.- Ien-°‰v- k¿-hIem-im-e \n-ehn¬- h∂h¿-jw-(F)- 1957 (_n)- 1967(kn)- 1968 (Un)- 1983

266.- ac®o-\n- G‰hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂ Pn-√(F)- sIm-√w- (_n)- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw-(kn)- ]m-e°m-Sv- (Un)- ae∏p-dw-

267.- Xm-sg∏dbp-∂hbn¬- GXp- bq-tdm-]y≥-i‡n-bm-Wv- tIcfØn¬- HSp-hn-seØn-bXv?-(F)- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im¿-(_n)- U®p-Im¿-(kn)- Cw-•o-jp-Im¿- (Un)- ^©p-Im¿-

268.- km-ln-Xy-]h¿-ØI klIcWkw-LØn-s‚ Bÿm-\w-(F)- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw- (_n)- sIm-®n-(kn)- tIm-´bw- (Un)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv-

269.- Cchn-Ip-fw- \m-jW¬- ]m¿-°v- GXp- Pn-√bn-em-Wv!(F)- ]m-e°m-Sv- (_n)- CSp-°n-(kn)- hb\m-Sv- (Un)- IÆq¿-

270.- πm-t‚j≥- tIm¿-∏tdjs‚ Bÿm-\w-:(F)- tIm-´bw- (_n)- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw-(kn)- CSp-°n- (Un)- FdWm-Ip-fw-

271.- tIcf t^m-dkv-‰v- dn-k¿-®v- C≥-kv-‰n-‰yq- v- ÿm-]n-Xam-b h¿-jw-

(F)- 1965 (_n)- 1970(kn)- 1975 (Un)- 1978

272.- d∫dp¬-]m-Z\Øn¬- H∂mw-ÿm-\ap-≈ Pn-√(F)- CSp-°n- (_n)- tIm-´bw-(kn)- sIm-√w- (Un)- ]Ø\w-Xn-´

273.- Xp-©≥- satΩm-dn-b¬- Fhn-sS ÿn-Xn-sNøp-∂p?-(F)- Xn-cq¿- (_n)- tXm-∂bv-°¬-(kn)- In-fn-°pdn-»n- aw-Kew- (Un)- ]√\

274. BZy-am-bn- ⁄m-\]o-Tw- t\Sn-b aebm-fn-(F)- Pn- i¶c°p-dp-∏v-(_n)- Fkv- sI s]m-‰°m-´v-(kn)- XIgn- in-hi¶c]n-≈(Un)- Fw- Sn- hm-kp-tZh≥-\m-b¿-

275.- G‰hpw- Ip-d®p-Im-ew- tIcf ap-Jy-a¥n-bm-bn-cp-∂Xv-:(F)- B¿- i¶¿- (_n)- C Fw- Fkv-(kn)- kn- F®v- ap-lΩZv- tIm-b(Un)- ]n- sI hm-kp-tZh≥-\m-b¿-

276. - GXp- h¿-jam-Wv- ae_m¿- _n-ó-jv -`cWØn¬- Io-gn-em-bXv?-(F)- 1792 (_n)- 1805(kn)- 1812 (Un)- 1817

277.- Bcp-sS \m-hn-I tk\m- ta[m-hn-bm-bn-cp-∂p-Ip-™m-en- acbv-°m¿?-(F)- i‡≥- Xºp-cm≥-(_n)- tIm-eØn-cn-(kn)- km-aq-Xn-cn- (Un)- Adbv-°¬- cm-P

278.- m-cX∏p-g Fhn-sS \n-∂pw- DXv-`hn-°p-∂p?-(F)- B\ae (_n)- in-hKn-cn-(kn)- AKkv-Xy-Iq-Sw (Un)- _lv-aKn-cn-

279.- kap-Z\n-c∏n¬- \n-∂pw- Xm-sgbm-bn- ÿn-Xn-sNøp-∂ Hcp- ]tZiam-Wv-:(F)- \o-≠Ic (_n-) Im-bw-Ip-fw-(kn)- Ip-´\m-Sv- (Un)- H‰∏m-ew-

280.- tIcfØn¬- GXp- q-]tZiØm-Wv- P\km-µX G‰hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬?-(F)- ae\m-Sv- (_n)- CS\m-Sv-(kn)- Xo-c]tZiw (Un)- Chsbm-∂p-a√

281.- Fhn-Sp-sØ cm-Pm-hm-bn-cp-∂p- i‡≥- Xºp-cm≥-(F)- sIm-®n- (_n)- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿-(kn)- IÆq¿- (Un)- Chsbm-∂p-a√

282.- an-I® \S\p-≈ tZio-b Ahm¿-Uv- BZy-am-bn- e`n-® aebm-f \S≥-(F)- _m-e≥- sI \m-b¿-(_n)- ]n- sP B≥-dWn-(kn)- tam-l≥-em¬- (Un)- aΩq-ń-

283.- tIcf skdm-an-Iv-kv- en-an-‰Uv- Fhn-sSbm-Wv?-(F)- Nhd (_n)- Ip-≠d(kn)- A¶am-en- (Un)- ]p-\eq¿-

284.- FXmw- iXIØn-em-Wv- Cw-•o-jp-Im¿-tIcfØn-seØn-bXv?-(F)- ]Xn-\©v- (_n)- ]Xn-\mdv-(kn)- ]Xn-t\gv- (Un)- ]Xn-s\´v-

285.- sIm-®n-˛ a[p-c tZio-b]m-X GXp- t]cn¬-Adn-bs∏Sp-∂p?-(F)- F≥-F®v- 47 (_n)- F≥-F®v- 17(kn)- F≥-F®v- 19 (Un)- F≥-F®v- 49

286. - Xm-sg∏dbp-∂hcn¬- ]p-cm-X\ Ihn-XbØn¬- Dƒ-s∏Sm-ØXv?-(F)- Fgp-ØNv-O≥(_n) Ip-©≥- \ºym¿-(kn)- sNdp-t»cn- (Un)- ]q-¥m-\w-

287.- km-aq-Xn-cn-bp-sS Xeÿm-\am-bn-cp-∂Xv-(F)- Aßm-Sn-∏p-dw- (_n)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv-(kn)- s]m-∂m-\n- (Un)- ^tdm-°v-

288.- G‰hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- hy-hkm-bhXv-Icn-°s∏ć≠m-asØ Pn-√(F)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- (_n)- Xr-»q¿-(kn)- Xn-cp-h\¥]pcw (Un)- ]m-e°m-Sv-

289.- s\lv-dp- tSm- n- h≈w-Ifn- \S°p-∂Xv- GXp-Im-ben-em-Wv?-(F)- A„ap-Sn- (_n)- im-kv-Xmw-tIm-´(kn)- ]p-∂aS (Un)- sh≈m-bWn-

290.- ]cip-dmw- FIv-kv-]kv-\mK¿tImhnens\ GXp- \Kchp-am-bn-_‘n-∏n-°p-∂p?-(F)- aw-Ke]p-cw- (_n)- apw-ss_(kn)- sNss∂ (Un)- _mw-•q¿-

291.- "Iøq¿- kacw'- \S∂ h¿-jw-(F)- 1946 (_n)- 1944(kn)- 1943 (Un)- 1941

292.- tIcfØn-se BZy-sØ t]m-kv-‰m-ô-kv-Fhn-sSbm-Wv- 1847˛¬- ÿm-]n-®Xv-F)- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw- (_n)- sIm-√w-kn)- tIm-´bw- (Un)- Be∏p-g

293.- tIcfØn-se BZy-sØ D]ap-Jy-a¥n-F)- B¿- i¶¿-(_n)- kn- F®v- ap-lΩZv- tIm-b_n)- Ahp-°m-Z¿-Ip- n -\l(Un)- Chcm-cp-a√

294.- Atim-Is‚ FXm-asØ in-em-im-k\Øn-

em-Wv- tIcfsØ°p-dn-®v- ]cm-a¿-iap-≈Xv?-F)- c≠v- (_n)- A©v-kn)- Ggv- (Un)- HºXv-

295.- GXp- iXIØn-em-Wv- am-en-Iv- _n≥- Zn-\m¿-tIcfØn-seØn-bXv-F)- A©v- (_n)- Bdv-kn)- Ggv- (Un)- F´v-

296.- tIcfØn-s‚ hSt°b‰sØ \Zn-F)- tIm-c∏p-g (_n)- NµKn-cn-∏p-gkn)- at©iz-cw- ]p-g (Un)- I∆m-bn-∏p-g

297.- tIcfØn-se BZy-sØ h\n-Xm-a¥n-F)- sI B¿- Ku-cn-(_n)- kp-ioem-tKm-]m-e≥-kn)- Abn-jm-`m-bv- (Un)- Fw- Sn- ]fl

298.- tIcfØn-se G‰hpw- hen-b Xo-h≠n- kv-t‰j≥-F)- sIm-√w- (_n)- Heht°m-Sv-kn-)- sjm¿-Wq¿- (Un)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv-

299.- BXn-c∏≈n-˛ hm-g®m¬- sh≈®m-´w- GXp-Pn-√bn-em-Wv?-F)- CSp-°n- (_n)- hb\m-Sv-kn)- Xr-»q¿ (Un)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv-

300.- ku-Øv- ae_m¿- Km-ao¨- _m-¶n-s‚Bÿm-\w-F)- ae∏p-dw- (_n)- H‰∏m-ew-kn)- sjm¿-Æq¿- (Un)- ]m-e°m-Sv-

301.- "Xn-cp-\m-hm-b'- GXp- Pn-√bn-em-Wv?-F)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- (_n)- IÆq¿-(kn)- ae∏p-dw- (Un)- ]m-e°m-Sv-

302.- Ct¥m-˛ t\m¿-ho-Pn-b≥- ^n-jdo-kv- t]m-PIv-Sv- Fhn-sSbm-Wv- \S∏m-°n-bXv-F)- \o-≠Ic (_n)- t_∏q¿-kn)- hn-gn-™w- (Un)- ]p-d°m-Sv-

303.- aeºp-g AWs°´v- GXp- Pn-√bn-em-Wv?-F)- CSp-°n- (_n)- Xr-»q¿-kn)- ]m-e°m-Sv- (Un)- tIm-´bw-

304.- tIcf Ipw-`taf F∂dn-bs∏Sp-∂Xv-:F)- aIchn-f°v-(_n)- B‰pIm¬- s]m-¶m-ekn)- Xr-»q¿-]q-cw-(Un)- sIm-Sp-ß√q¿- cWn-

305.- _lv-a]p-cw- Uo-k¬- sshZyp-X \n-ebw-GXp- Pn-√bn-em-Wv?-F)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- (_n)- Be∏p-gkn)- FdWm-Ip-fw- (Un)- tIm-´bw-

306.- tIcfØn-se BZy-sØ kn-\n-am- kv-‰p-Un-tbm- Bb "DZbm- kv-‰p-Un-tbm'- Fhn-sSbm-Wv- ]h¿-Ø\am-cw- n-®Xv?-F)- Be∏p-g (_n)- t\aw-kn)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- (Un)- sIm-®n-

307.- Xm -sg∏dbp -∂hbn¬- kp -K‘hy-Rv -P\ßfp-sS D¬-]m-Z\Øn¬- H∂mw-ÿm-\Øp-≈ Pn-√F)- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw- (_n)- CSp-°n-kn)- FdWm-Ip-fw- (Un)- ae∏p-dw-

308.- tX°Sn- h\y-Po-hn- kt¶Xw- 1934˛¬- Bcw-`n-®Xv-:F)- kzm-Xn- Xn-cp-\mƒ-(_n)- Nn-Øn-c Xn-cp-\mƒ-kn)- io-aq-ew- Xn-cp-\mƒ-(Un-)- do-P≥-dv- alm-dm-Wn-

309.- 1744˛¬- t_mƒ-Km-ń- sIm-´m-cw- \n¿-an-®Xv-F)- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im¿-(_n)- U®p-Im¿-kn)- _n-ó-jp-Im¿- (Un)- ^©p-Im¿-

310.- tIcfØn-se BZy- Pnw-\m-kv-‰n-Iv- ]cn-io-e\tIµw- Fhn-sSbm-Wv- Bcw- n-®Xv?-F)- Xet»cn- (_n)- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw-kn)- Xr»q¿- (Un)- hSIc

311.- tIcf ]kv- A°m-Zan- Fhn-sS ÿn-Xn- sNøp-∂p?-F)- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw (_n)- sIm-®n-kn)- Xr-»q¿- (Un) tIm-´bw-

312. "cm-acm-P_lm-Zq¿'- F∂ Ir-Xn-bn¬- BcpsSPo-hn-XsØ°p-dn-®m-Wv- hn-hcn-°p-∂Xv-(F)- am¿-Øm-Wv-Uh¿-a(_n)- kz-m-Xn- Xn-cp-\mƒ-(kn)- [¿-acm-Pm-hv-(Un)- cm-Pm- tIihZm-k≥-

313. - Xm-sg∏dbp-∂hcn¬- B[p-\n-I Ihn-XbØn¬- Dƒ-s∏Sm-ØXv-(F)- Ip-am-c\m-im≥- (_n)- Nßºp-g(kn)- D≈q¿- (Un)- h≈tØmƒ-

314.- tIcfØn-s‚ sXt°b‰sØ \Zn-(F)- s\øm¿- (_n)- I√Sbm¿-(kn)- hm-a\]p-cw- \Zn-(Un)- CØn-°cbm¿-

315.- GsX√mw- ÿ-e-ß-sf- X-Ωn¬- _-‘n-∏n-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-se- B-Zy- sd-bn¬-th- sse-≥ ]-h¿-Ø-\-£-a-am-b-Xv?-(F)- sNt¶m- ˛]p-\eq¿-(_n)- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw- FdWm-Ip-fw-(kn)- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw- a[p-c(Un)- sIm-√w-˛ Im-bw-Ip-fw-

316.- 1991 G]n¬- 18\v- tIcf Ncn-XØn-se ]m-[m-\yw-:(F)- kºq¿-W km-£cX ssIhcn-®p- (_n)-s]cp-a - Zp-c¥w-(kn)- ssh∏n≥- aZy-Zp-c¥w- (Un)- tIm-´bw-kºq¿-W km-£c ]´Wam-bn-

317.- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cØv- hm-\\n-co-£Wim-eÿm-]n-® cm-Pm-hv-(F)- am¿-Øm-Wv-Uh¿-a(_n)- DXw- Xn-cp-\mƒ-(kn)- io-aq-ew- Xn-cp-\mƒ-(Un)- kzm-Xn- Xn-cp-\mƒ-

318.- aw-Kfm-tZhn- t£Xw- GXp- Pn-√bn-em-Wv?-(F)- FdWm-Ip-fw- (_n)- ]m-e°m-Sv-(kn)- CSp-°n- (Un)- tIm-´bw-

319.- ]m-No-\ Im-eØv- "Nq¿-Wn'- F∂ t]cn-edn-bs∏ń-cp-∂ \Zn-(F)- ]º (_n)- tIm-c∏p-g(kn)- Nm-e°p-Sn-∏p-g (Un)- s]cn-bm¿-

320.- tIcfØn-s‚ G‰hpw- sXt°b‰Øp-≈ Xm-eq-°v-(F)- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw-(_n)- s\Sp-aßm-Sv-(kn)- s\øm-‰n≥-Ic (Un)- Nn-dbn≥-Io-gv-

321.- "kw-t£] thZm¿-∞Øn-s‚ I¿-Øm-hv-:(F)- ^m-Z¿- ¢a≥-dv-(_n)- sl¿-a≥- Kp-≠¿-´v-(kn)- hn-eyw- tem-K≥-(Un)- tXm-am-°Ø\m¿-

322.- Ip-etiJc≥-am-cp-sS Bkv-Ym-\w-(F)- I¬-°p-fw- (_n)- hn-gn-™w-(kn)- Im-bw-Ip-fw- (Un-)- atlm-Zb]p-cw-

323.- "tIcf C_v-k≥'- F∂dn-bs∏´Xv-(F)- F≥.- Ir-jv-W]n-≈(_n)- kn.-hn.- cm-a≥-]n-≈(kn-)- Fw.-Sn.- hm-kp-tZh≥-\m-b¿-(Un)- XIgn- in-hi¶c∏n-≈

324.- tIcf Ncn-XØn-se GI ap-…nw- cm-Phw-iw-(F)- Nndbv°¬ (_n)- Adbv°¬(kn-)- Ip™men- (Un)- \oteizcw

325.- C¥y-bn-se BZy- t]m-fn-tbm- hn-ap-Iv-X Pn-√(F)- tIm- bw- (_n)- ]Ø\w-Xn-(kn)- sIm-√w- (Un)- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw-

326.- sske≥-dv- hm-en-bn-eq-sS Hgp-Ip-∂ ]p-g(F)- tIm-c∏p-g (_n)- Ip-¥n-∏p-g(kn)- NµKn-cn-∏p-g (Un)- ap-Xn-c∏p-g

327.- \√fw- Xm-]sshZyp-X \n-ebw- GXp- Pn-√bn-em-Wv?-(F)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- (_n)- sIm-√w-(kn)- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw-(Un)- tIm- bw-

328.- GXp- \Zn-bp-sS ]m-No-\Im-e \m-aam-Wv- "_m-cn-kv'?-(F)- s]cn-bm¿- (_n-)- m-cX∏p-g(kn)- ]º (Un)- s\øm¿-

329. tIcfØn-s≥-d G‰hpw- hSt°b‰Øp-≈Xm-eq-°v-:(F)- Im-k¿-tIm-Sv- (_n)- IÆq¿-(kn)- tlm-kv-Zp¿-Kv- (Un-)- Xfn-∏dºv-

330.- Xm-sg∏dbp-∂hbn¬- In-gt°m-s´m-gp-Ip-∂\Zn- A√m-ØXv- GXv?-(F)- hm-\n- (_n)- ]m-ºm¿-(kn-)- I_\n- (Un-)- s]cn-bm¿-

331.- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cØv- "Nm-e°tºm-fw'- kv-Ym-]n-®Xv-:(F)- cm-Pm- tIihZm-kv-(_n)- am¿-Øm-Wv-Uh¿-Ω(kn)- Sn- am-[hdm-hp-(Un)- ]n.- cm-PtKm-]m-em-Nm-cn.-

332.- am-\thZ≥- F∂ km-aq-Xn-cn- cm-Pm-hv- cq-]w-\¬-In-b Iem-cq-]w-(F)- Nm-Iym¿-Iq-Øv- (_n)- IrjvW\m´w(kn)- tam-ln-\n-bm-´w- (Un)- Hm-´≥-Xp-≈¬-

333.- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp- Acp-hn-∏p-dØv- in-henw-K ]Xn-jv-T\SØn-b h¿-jw-(F)- 1904 (_n)- 1898(kn-)- 1888 (Un)- 1856

334.- Xm-sg∏dbp-∂hcn¬- \n-h¿-Ø\ ]t£m-`WØn-\p- t\Xr-Xzw- \¬-Im-Ø t\Xm-hm-cv?-(F)- F≥.-hn- tPm-k^v-(_n)-a∂Øv- ]Xv-a\m- ≥-(kn-)- kn.- tIih≥-(Un-)- Sn.-Fw- h¿-Ko-kv-

335.- tIcfØn-se BZy-sØ tSUv- bq-Wn-b≥-t\Xm-hv(F)- Pp-_m- cm-aIr-jv-W]n-≈(_n)- _m-cn-kv-‰¿- Pn.-]n.-]n-≈(kn)- sI.-]n.- i¶ctat\m≥-(Un)- F.-sI.- tKm-]m-e≥-

336.- tIcfØn-s≥-d G‰hpw- hSt°b‰Øp-≈Akw-ªn- \n-tbm-PIaWv-Uew-(F)- Im-k¿-tIm-Sv- (_n-)- tlm-kv-Zp¿-Kv-

8 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2016 Pq - 1

(kn)- at©iz-cw- (Un)-IÆq¿-337.- tIcf k¿-hIem-im-ebp-sS BZy- sshkv-

Nm≥-ke¿-(F)- k¿-Zm¿- sI.-Fw.- ]Wn-°¿-(_n)- tPm-k^v- ap-≠t»cn-(kn)- tPm-¨- aØm-bn-(Un)- Fw.-hn- ss]en-

338.- GXp- \Zn-bp-sS t]m-jI\Zn-bm-Wv- Xq-X∏p-g(F)- m-cX∏p-g (_n)-]º(kn)-s]cn-bm¿- (Un)- Nm-e°p-Sn-bm-dv-

339.- Xn-cp- sIm-®n-bn¬- A©¬-hIp-∏v- \p-dp-Øem-°n-b h¿-jw-:(F)- 1947 (_n-)- 1948(kn)- 1950 (Un-) 1951

340. - tIcfØn-se BZy -sØ kz -Im -cy -PesshZyp-X ]≤Xn-bm-b aWn-bm¿- GXp-Pn-√bn-em-Wv-(F)- CSp-°n- (_n) -]Ø\w-Xn-(kn)- tIm-´bw (-Un)- ]m-e°m-Sv-

341.- kzm-X¥ym-\¥cw- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬- io-Nn-Øn-cXn-cp-\mƒ- _m-ecm-ah¿-Ω hln-®n-cp-∂ ]Zhn-:(F)- cm-Py-]m¬- (_n)- cm-P]ap-Jv-(kn)- tZiv-\m-bIv- (Un)- Kh¿-W¿-

342.- in-hKn-cn-bn¬-\n-∂pw- DXv- hn-°p-∂ \Zn-(F)- ]º (_n)- I√m-bn-∏p-g(kn)- s]cn-bm¿- (Un) m-cX∏p-g

343.- ssN\m-°fn-aÆv- kp-eàm-bn- Im-Ws∏Sp-∂Xv-(F)- Nhd (_n)- ]m-e°m-Sv-(kn)- Xet»cn- (Un)- Ip-≠d

344.- tIcfØn¬- \n-e°Se Ir-jn-bn¬- ap-∂n- p-\n¬-°p-∂ Pn-√.-(F)- ]m-e°m-Sv- (_n)- hb\m-Sv-(kn)- Im-k¿-tIm-Sv- (Un)- sIm-√w-

345. - tIcfhp-am-bn - AXn¿-Øn- ]¶n-Sp -∂tIµ`cW ]tZiw-(F)- e£Zzo-]v- (_n)- am-ln-(kn)- B¥am≥- \n-t°m-_¿-(Un)- ZZ\K¿-lthen-

346.- t_°¬- tIm-´ GXp- Pn-√bn-em-Wv?-(F)- IÆq¿- (_n)- Im-k¿-tIm-Sv-(kn-)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- (Un)- ae∏p-dw-

347.- 1921 \hw-_¿- ]Øn-\v- tIcf Ncn-XØn-ep-≈ ]m-[m-\yw-(F)- hm-K¨- Sm-PUn(_n)- t£X]thi\hn-fw-_cw-(kn)- ssh°w- kXy-Klw- Ahkm-\n-∏n-®p-(Un)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp- A¥cn-®p-

348.- "\n-f'- F∂ t]cn-epw- Adn-bs∏Sp-∂ \Zn-(F)- Nm-en-bm¿- (_n)- ]º(kn-)- s]cn-bm¿- (Un-)- m-cX∏p-g

349.- tIcfØn¬- Ccp-ºp-\n-t£]w- Iq-Sp-Xem-bn-Im-Ws∏Sp-∂ Pn-√:(F)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- (_n)- ]m-e°m-Sv-(kn)- sIm-√w- (Un-)- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw-

350.- sIm-®n- Xp-dap-JØn-s≥-d B¿-°n-sSIv-Sv-(F) FUzn≥- ep-Sy≥-kv-(_n)- tdm-_¿-´v- _n-kv-t‰m-(kn)- sh√n-Mv-S -(Un)- Nmƒ-kv- sIm-dn-b

351.- tIcfØn-se BZy- F v.-Fw- tdUn-tbm- kv-t‰j≥- Bcw- n-®sXhn-sS?-(F)- IÆq¿- (_n)- sIm-®n-(kn)- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw- (Un)- tZhn-Ip-fw-

352.- Be∏p-g Xp-dap-JØn-s≥-d in¬-]n-(F)- cm-Pm- tIihZm-kv-(_n)- cm-aø≥- Zfh(kn-)- Sn.- am-[hdm-hp-(Un)- Aø∏≥- am¿-Øm-Wv-U]n-≈

353.- tIcfsØ BZy-am-bn- "ae_m¿'- F∂p- hfn-®Xv-(F)- hn-eyw- tem-K≥-(_n)- A¬- s_dq-Wn-(kn-)- hm-kv-tIm- U Km-a(Un)- sk≥-dv- KXm-akv-

354.- tIcfØn¬- kv-]o-Uv- t]m-kv-‰v- kw-hn-[m-\w-Bcw- n-® h¿-jw-(F)- 1986 (_n)- 1961(kn)- 1976 (Un)- 1975

355.- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw- Zq-cZ¿-i≥- tIµw- aebm-fw- ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ- kw-t]jWw- sNbv-Xp- Xp-Sßn-b h¿-jw-(F)- 1982 (_n)- 1985(kn)- 1993 (Un-)- 1990

356.- Xn-cp.- sIm-®n-bn-se Ahkm-\sØ ap-Jy-a¥n-(F)- F.-sP tPm - (_n)- C°≠hm-cy¿-(kn)- ]dhq¿- Sn.-sI \m-cm-bW]n-≈(Un)- ]\ºn-≈n- tKm-hn-µtat\m≥-

357.- "B[p-\n-I sIm-®n-bp-sS in¬-]n'- F∂dn-bs∏Sp-∂Xv-(F)- iIv-X≥-Xºp-cm≥-(_n)- ]co-£n-Øp- Xºp-cm≥-

(kn-)- [¿-Ωcm-Pm-hv- (Un)- Chcm-cp-a√.-358.- Xm-sg∏dbp-∂hcn¬- Bcp-sS kZky-\m-bn-

cp-∂p- cm-a]p-cØp- hm-cy¿.-(F)- kzm-Xn- Xn-cp-\mƒ-(_n)- am¿-Øm-Wv-Uh¿-a(kn)- Bbn-eyw- Xn-cp-\mƒ- (Un)- [¿-acm-Pm-hv-

359.- GsXm-s° kv-Yeßsf XΩn¬- _\v-[n-∏n-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv- tIcfØn-se BZy- sdbn¬-sh sse≥- \n-ehn¬- h∂Xv?-(F)- sIm-√w- Xn-cp-s\¬-then-(_n)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- aw-Ke]p-cw-(kn)- ]m-e°m-Sv-˛tIm-bºØq¿-(Un)- Xn-cq¿-˛t_∏q¿-

360.- IYIfn-bp-sS D]Pv-Rm-Xm-hv(F)- am-\tZh≥- cm-Pm-hv-(_n)- Ip-©≥-\ºym¿-(kn)- sIm- m-c°cØºp-cm≥-(Un)- kzm-Xn-Xn-cp-\mƒ-

361.- tIcfØn¬- G‰hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- \m-fn-tIcw-D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂ Pn-√.-(F)- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw- (_n)- ae∏p-dw-(kn-)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- (Un)- IÆq¿-

362.- tIcf t]m-kv-‰¬- k¿-°nƒ- \n-ehn¬-h∂h¿-jw-(F)- 1956 (_n)- 1957(kn) -1959 (Un)- 1961

363.- Cµp-teJ ]kn-≤o-Ir-Xam-b h¿-jw-(F)- 1772 (_n)- 1789(kn)- 1889 (Un-)- 1882

364.- tIcfØn¬- Zq-cZ¿-i≥- U¬-ln- ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ- kw-t]£Ww- Xp-Sßn-bh¿-jw.-(F)- 1980 (_n)- 1982(kn)- 1985 (Un)- 1993

365.- \nh¿Ø\]t£m`WØn\v B t]cp\¬Inb mjm ]WvUnX≥.-(F)- sF.kn.Nmt°m(_n)- tPmk^v ap≠t»cn(kn)- B¿.\mcmbW∏Wn°¿(Un)- F≥.hn.IrjvWhmcy¿

366. Xr-∏Sn-Zm-\kabØv- am¿-Øm-fih¿-abp-sScm-Py-Øn-s‚- G‰hpw- hS°p- m-Kw-:(F)- Im-bw-Ip-fw (_n-)- G‰p-am-\q¿-(kn-)- ISp-Øp-cp-Øn- (Un)- Acq-°p-‰n-

367. Beßm-Spw- ]dhq-cpw- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-t\m-Sv- Iq-ń-t®¿-Ø cm-Pmhv-:(F)- [¿-acm-Pmhv- (_n-)- kzm-Xn-Xn-cp-\mƒ-(kn)- Bbneyw- Xn-cp-\mƒ-(Un)- io-aq-ew- Xn-cp-\mƒ-

368.- ap≥-Km-an-Itfm-Sv- sNbv-X ISpw-ssIIƒ-°pw-NXn-Iƒ-°pw- ]n≥-Km-an-Ifm-b Ifcn-ho-c∑m¿-]Icw-ho- p-∂ \S]Sn-bp-ambn- _‘s∏´Xv-:(F)- s]m-bv-Øv- (_n)- ]p-Øcn-b¶w-(kn)- Nm-th‰p-hn-cp-Øn- (Un)- Ip-Sn-∏I

369.- PbtZhs‚ "Ko-XtKm-hn-µw'-,- "`m-jm-jv-S]Zn'-F∂ t]cn¬- aebm-fØn-te°v- hn-h¿-Ø\w-sNbv-XXv-:(F)- sNdp-t»cn- (_n)- Ip-©≥- \ºym¿-(kn)- cm-a]p-cØv- hm-cy¿- (Un)- ]q-¥m-\w-

370.-- B‰n-ß¬- Iem-]Øn¬- sIm-√s∏´ hym-]m-cn-Ifp-sS t\Xmhv-:(F)- aIv-en-tbm-Uv- (_n)- sIm-tWm-en-(kn)- Kn-t^m¿-Uv- (Un-)- dn-®m¿-Uv-kv-

371. BZyw- ISp-Øp-cp-Øn-bpw- ]n-∂o-Sv- ssh°hpw-Xeÿm-\am-b sNdp-cm-Pyw-:(F)- sX°pw-Iq¿- (_n)- hS°pw-Iq¿-(kn)- ]q-™m¿- (Un-)- CS∏≈n-

372.- Xm-sg∏dbp-∂hbn¬- GXv- Ir-Xn-bm-Wv- ]q-¥m-\w- cNn-®Xv- A√m-ØXv-?-(F)- io-Ir-jv-WI¿-Wm-ar-Xw-(_n)- \m-cm-bWo-bw-(kn)- k¥m-\tKm-]m-ew- (Un)- ⁄m-\∏m-\

373.- GXv- Ir-Xn-sb am-Xr-Ibm-°nbmWv am-\thZ≥- km-aq-Xn-cn- "Ir-jv-WKo-Xn'- cNn-®Xv?-(F)- m-KhXw- Ziakv-Iµw-(_n)- KhXv-Ko-X(kn)- Ajv-S]Zn- (Un)- cm-am-bWw-

374.- "tZh\m-cm-bW≥'- F∂ ÿm-\t∏cp-≈ cm-Pm-hv- Fhn-sSbm-Wv- cn-®n-cp-∂Xv?-(F)- sNºIt»cn- (_n)- IÆq¿(kn)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- (Un)- h≈p-h\m-Sv-

375.- aebm-f\m- n¬- tUm.- sl¿-a≥- Kp-≠¿- n-s‚]h¿-Ø\ tIµam-bn-cp-∂Xv:(F)- Xet»cn- (_n)- Be∏p-g(kn)- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw-(Un)- sIm-®n-

376.- "tlm¿-Øq-kv- ae_m-dn-°q-kv- F∂ Ir-Xn-FXv- m-jbn-em-Wv- cNn-°s∏´Xv?-(F)- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kv- (_n)- Cw-•o-jv-(kn)- em-‰n≥- (Un)- kw-kv-Ir-Xw-

377.- Ip-©≥- \ºym-cp-sS c£n-Xm-hv- Bbn-cp-∂Xv-:(F)- sNºIt»cn- cm-Pm-hv-(_n)- tIm-eØn-cn-(kn)- km-aq-Xn-cn (Un)- i‡≥- Xºq-cm≥-

378.- tIcfØn-se GXv- Iem-cq-]Øn-s‚ In-kv-Xo-b A\p-IcWam-bm-Wv- "Nhn-´p-\m-SIw'-

Adn-bs∏Sp-∂Xv.-(F)- Hm-´≥-Xp-≈¬- (_n)- IYIfn-(kn- tam-ln-\n-bm- w- (Un)- ]SbWn-

379.- Xm-sg∏dbp-∂hbn¬- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im-cp-am-bn- _‘an-√m-ØXv- GXv?-(F)- Iq-\≥- Ip-cn-ip-Iem-]w-(_n)- tlm¿-Øq-kv- ae_m-dn-°q-kv-(kn)- DZbw-t]cq¿- kp-∂ltZm-kv-(Un)- tKm-hbn-se aXhn-Nm-cW

38.- "Icp-W sNbvhm-s\¥p- Xm-akw- Ir-jv-Wm'-F∂ hcn-Iƒ- cNn-®Xv-:(F)- Xy-m-Kcm-P kzm-an-Iƒ-(_n)- Ccbn-Ω≥- Xºn- (Un)- [¿-Ωcm-Pm-hv-(Un)- tIcf ]m-Wn-\n

381.- GXv- hn-tZii‡n-s°Xn-scbm-Wv- Ip-™m-en-acbv-°m¿- t]m-cm-Sn-bXv?-(F)- _n-ó-jp-Im¿- (_n)- ^©p-Im¿-(kn)- U®p-Im¿- (Un)- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im¿-

382.- Fgp -Ø—≥- Fhn-sSh®m-Wv - kam-[n -bS™Xv.-(F)- Xn-cq¿- (_n)- Aºe∏p-g(kn)- Nn-‰q¿- (Un)- Xr-iq¿-

383. U®p-Im-cp-sS A[o-\Xbn¬- tIcfØn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂ ]tZißƒ- `cn-®n-cp-∂ Kh¿-Wdp-sS Bÿm-\w-:(F)- Xet»cn- (_n)- IÆq¿-(kn)- Ip-f®¬- (Un)- sIm-®n-

384.- "tIctfm-Zym-\w'- F∂dn-bs∏Sp-∂ Ir-Xn-:(F)- s]cn-πkv- Hm-^v- Fcn-Xn-b≥- ko-(_n)-tlm¿-Øq-kv- ae_m-dn-°q-kv-(kn)- ln-kv-t‰m-dn-°¬- t\m-ó-kkv- Hm-^v-sIm-®n≥-(Un)- Xp-lv-^Øp¬- ap-Pm-ln-±o≥-

385. "am¿-Ø'- F∂v- hn-tZio-b¿- hn-fn-®n-cp-∂ sNdp-cm-Pyw-:(F)- Icp-\m-K∏≈n- (_n)- \o-teiz-cw-(kn)- ISØ\m-Sv- (Un)- sIm-√t¶m-Sv-

386.- "C…m-an-s‚ kw-c£I≥',- "t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im-sc Xp-cØn-bh≥'- F∂o- _n-cp-Zßƒ- kz-bw-kzo-Icn-®Xv- FXm-asØ Ip-™m-en-acbv-°m-cm-bn-cp-∂p?-(F)- H∂m-asØ (_n)- c≠m-asØ(kn)- aq-∂m-asØ (Un)- \m-em-asØ

387.- ln-µn-bn¬- Xp-fko-Zm-k\pw- Xan-gn¬- Iº¿-°pw- D≈Xn-\p- Xp-ey-am-b ÿm-\w- aebm-fØn-ep-≈ Ihn-:(F)- ]q-¥m-\w- (_n)- sNdp-t»cn-(kn)- Ip-©≥- \ºym¿ (Un)- Fgp-Ø—≥-

388.- tIcfNcn-XØn-se BZy- eØo≥- ItØm-en-° CShI cq-]w- sIm-≠sXhn-sSbm-Wv?-(F)- sIm-®n- (_n)- sIm-√w-(kn-)- Xet»cn- (Un)- Im-∏m-Sv-

389.- 1663¬- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im-cn¬-\n-∂v- IÆq-cn-se sk‚ v- B©tem- tIm-´ ]n-Sn-®S°n-bbq-tdm-]y≥- i‡n-(F)- U®p-Im¿- (_n)- ^©p-Im¿-(kn)- _n- o-jp-Im¿- (Un)- P¿-a≥-Im¿-

390.- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cØv- "Ip-Xn-cam-fn-I'- ]Wn-Ign-∏n-®Xv-:(F)- Nn-Øn-cXn-cp-\mƒ-(_n)- kzmXn- Xn-cp-\mƒ-(kn)- Bbn-eyw- Xn-cp-\m-ƒ- (Un)- DXw- Xn-cp-\mƒ-

391.- Xs‚ c-≠v- ]p-Xn-am-sc- io-cw-Kw- t£-X-Øn¬- tZ-h-Zm-kn-am-cm-bn- A-Sn-b-d-h-®- tN-c-cm-Pm-hv-:(F)- cm-PtiJch¿-a(_n)- m-kv-Icchn-h¿-Ω(kn)- Cµp-t°m-Xh¿-a(Un)- Ip-etiJcBgv-hm¿-

392.- tIcfØn-se tdm-_n≥-lp-Uv'- F∂ hn-tijn-∏n-°s∏´Xv:(F)- Btcma¬- tNIh¿-(_n)- Xt®m-fn- HtX\≥-(kn)- Btcm-aep-Æn- (Un-)- DÆn-bm¿-®

393.- Xt®m-fn- HtX\s‚ ]ctZhX:(F)- \m-hm-ap-Ip-µ≥-(_n)- tem-I\m¿-°m-hn-se KhXn-(kn)- Xn-cp-am-‘mw-Ip-∂v- tZhn-(Un)- Kp-cp-hm-bq-c∏≥-

394.- "tImIn-e ktµiw'- cNn-®Xv-:(F)- ]q-\w- \ºq-Xn-cn-(_n)- ta¬-∏Øq¿- \m-cm-bW ´Xn-cn-(kn)- D±fiim-kv-Xn-Iƒ-(Un)- ]øq¿- ´Xn-cn-

395.- C¥ybn-te°p-≈ c≠m-asØ (1500) t]m¿-®p-Ko-kv- I∏¬- kw-LsØ \bn-®Xv:(F)- B¿-_p°¿-°v- _n)- I_mƒ-(kn)- _¿-Øtem-ayq-kbkv-(Un)- hm-kv-tIm-Un-Km-a

396.- io-i¶c≥- ]bm-Kn¬- I≠p-ap- n-b ]kn-≤ao-amw-kI≥:(F)- in-hKp-cp- (_n)- tKmhn-µtbm-Kn-(kn)- Ip-am-cn-e`´≥- (Un)- afi\an-i≥-

397.- ap-Xp-IØv- ap-dn-th‰ ]Sbm-fn- \n-cm-lm-can-cp-∂v- kz-bw- acWhcn-°p-∂ BNm-cam-Wv:(F)- aSted¬- (_n)- hS°n-cn-°¬-(kn)- Nm-th¿- (Un)- \n-e]m-Sv-sIm-≈¬-

398.- Xm-sg∏dbp-∂hbn¬- am-am-¶hp-am-bn- _‘an-√m-ØXv- GXv?-(F)- \n-e]m-Sp-sIm-≈¬- (_n)- Nm-th¿- S≥-(kn)- aWn-°nW¿- (Un)- aWn-Kmaw-

399.- DZbw-t]cq¿- kp-∂ltZm-kn-s‚ A[y-£≥-:(F)- AeIv-kn-kv- Un- sa\kn-kv-(_n)- Al‰√(kn)- ^b¿- tPm¿-Um-\kv- (Un)- hm-kv-tIm-Un-Km-a

400.- IYIfn- Bcw-`n-°m≥- t]m-Ip-∂hn-hcw-k‘y-tbmSSp-Øv- am-tem-Isc Hu-]Nm-cn-Iam-bn- Adn-bn-°p-∂ NSßv-:(F)- ]p-d∏m-Sv- (_n)- tIfn-sIm-´v-(kn)- Xn-ct\m- w- (Un)- taf∏Zw-

401.- Aiz-tLm-js‚ "_p-≤Ncn-X'-tØm-Sv- Xm-cXay-s∏Sp-Øs∏´ Ip-am-c\m-im-s‚ Ir-Xn-:(F)- Icp-W (_n)- eo-e(kn)- Nfim-e`n-£p-In-(Un)- io-_p-≤Ncn-Xw-

402.-FXmw- iXIØn-em-Wv- Pq-X∑m¿- tIcfØn-seØn-bXv?-(F)- H∂mw- iXIw- (_n)- c≠mw- iXIw-(kn)- aq-∂mw- iXIw- (Un-)- \m-emw- iXIw-

403.- acm-a¨- I¨-sh≥-j≥- \SØp-∂Xv- GXv-am-kam-Wv?-(F)- P\p-hcn- (_n)- s^_p-hcn-(kn)- am¿-®v- (Un-)- G]n¬-

404.- c≠mw- tNckm-am-Py-Øn-se cWm-[n-Im-cn-Ifp-sS FÆw:(F)- 13 (_n)- 10(kn)- 9 (Un)- 7

405. "efn-Xm- klk\m-aw'- cNn-®Xv-:(F)- ]q-¥m-\w- (_n)- i¶cm-Nm-cy-¿-(kn)- sNdp-t»cn- (Un)- ta¬-∏Øq¿-

406.- ]p -cm -X\Im-eØv - tIcfØn-se kp -K‘hkv-Xp-°ƒ- I∏¬- Ab®v- tiJcn-®Cktb¬- cm-Pm-hv-:(F)- πo-\n- (_n)- ln-∏m-ekv-(kn)- tkm-fa≥- (Un)- AeIv-km-≠¿-

407.- ]—∂ _p-≤≥- F∂dn-bs∏´Xv-:(F)- io-¶c≥-(_n)- hn-Iam-Zn-Xy-hcKp-W≥-(kn-)- tNcam≥- s]cp-amƒ-(Un)- Cft¶m- ASn-Iƒ-

408.- Xcn-km-∏≈n- Xm-aim-k\Øn-s‚ h¿-jw-:(F)- FUn- 849 (_n)- FUn- 825kn)- FUn- 820 (Un-)- FUn- 788

409.- c≠mw- tNckm-am-Py-Øn-s‚ Xeÿm-\w-:(F)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- (_n)- IÆq¿-(kn)- atlm-Zb]p-cw- (Un)- sIm-®n-

410.- `m-kv-Icchn-h¿-a≥- Pq-X∑m¿-°v- Xm-aim-k\w- Fgp-Xn- \¬-In-b h¿-jw-:(F)- FUn- 825 (_n)- FUn- 849(kn)- FUn- 962 (Un)- FUn- 1000

411.- bp-≤w,- cm-Py- m-cw- F∂n-hbp-sS h¿-Æ\Iƒ-\n-d™ Im-hy-kam-lm-cam-Wv-:(F)- ]p-d\m-\q-dv- (_n)- AI\m-\q-dv-(kn)- Nn-e∏Xn-Im-cw- (Un)- tXm¬-°m-∏n-bw-

412.- GXv- aq-jIcm-Pm-hn-s‚- Bÿm-\Ihn-bm-bn-cp-∂p- AXp-e≥?-(F)- io-IWv-T≥- (_n)- aWn-IWv-T≥-(kn)- \o-eIWv-T≥- (Un)- \∂≥-

413.- tIm-kv-akv- C≥-Un-tIm πqÃkv tIcfw-kµ¿-in-®Xv- GXv- iXIØn-em-Wv?-(F)- FUn- Bdmw- iXIw- (_n) - FUn -H∂mw- iXIw-(kn)- FUn- F´w- iXIw- (Un) - FUn -Ggmw- iXIw-

414.- c≠mw- tNckm-am-Py-Øn-s‚ Im-eL´w-(F)- FUn- 1000˛1600(_n)- FUn- 800˛1102(kn)- FUn- 300˛600 (Un)- FUn- 646˛1000

415.- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw- imk\Øn¬- "sX°≥-\m-ń-se t`m-Pcm-Pm-hv'- F∂ hn-tijn-∏n-°s∏´Xv-:(F)- chn-h¿-Ω Ip-etiJc≥-(_n)- Pbknw-l≥-(kn)- cm-ah¿-a Ip-etiJc≥-(Un)- amch¿-a≥-

416.- tIcfØn¬- ]m-No-\Im-eØv- "Du-gn-bthe'-F∂dn-bs∏ń-cp-∂Xv:(F)- t£X`cWw- (_n)- Zp¿-am-¥n-Iw-(kn)- ASn-a∏Wn- (Un)- ]p-et∏Sn-

417. Xn -cp -h\¥]p-cw - io -]fl\m-`kzm -an -t£XØn-se cWkan-Xn-bm-bn-cp-∂Xv-:(F)- aWn-Km-aw- (_n)- A©p-hÆw-(kn)- Fćtbm-Kw- (Un)- Adp-\q-‰p-h¿-

418.- GXv- aX°m-cp-sS CSbn¬- ]Nm-cap-≈ Iem-cq-]am-Wv- am¿-Kw-Ifn?-(F)- ap-…n-ßƒ- (_n)- Inkv-Xym-\n-Iƒ-

2016 Pq - 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 9

(kn)- ln-µp-°ƒ (Un)- Pq-X∑m¿-419.- "F¥tcm- alm-\p-`m-hep....'- F∂m-cw-`n-°p-

∂ Km-\w- cNn-®Xv-:(F)- kzm-Xn-Xn-cp-\mƒ(_n)- Ccbn-Ω≥-Xºn-(kn)- jUv-°m-etKm-hn-µam-cm¿-(Un Xym-Kcm-Pkzm-an-Iƒ-

420.- "tam-l\Ieym-Wn'- cm-Kw- Bhn-jv-Icn-®Xv-:(F)- iym-aim-kv-Xn-Iƒ-(_n)- ap-Øp-kzm-an- Zo-£n-X¿-(kn)- kzm-XnXn-cp-\mƒ-(Un)- tacp-kzm-an

421. tIcfØn¬- P∑n-Xz-Øn-s‚ ]Xm-]Im-eØv-t£X`cWm-[n-Im-cn-Ifm-bn-cp-∂Xv-:(F)- Du-gn-bw- (_n)- Du-cm-f¿-(kn)- aWn-Km-aw- (Un)- A©p-hÆw

422. sIm-®n-bpw- Cu-kv-‰n-¥ym- Iº\n-bpw- XΩn-ep-≈ _‘Øn-\v- ASn-ÿm-\an´ Icm¿H∏p-sh® h¿-jw-:(F)- 1791 (_n-)- 1721(kn)- 1663 (Un-)- 1773

423.- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-se s\Sp-t¶m-´ 1790¬-BIan-®v- XI¿-ØXv-?-(F)- sslZ¿- Aen-(_n)- Sn-∏p-kp¬-Øm≥-(kn)- km-aqXn-cn- (Un)- sIm-®o-cm-Pm-hv-

424.- "]p-cfo-i≥∑m¿'- F∂dn-bs∏ń-cp-∂Xv-:F)- km-aq-Xn-cn- (_n)- tIm-eØn-cn-(kn) Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- cm-Pm-hv-(Un hS°≥- tIm-´bw- Xºp-cm∑m¿.-

425.- H∂mw- ]g»n-hn-πhw- \S∂ Im-ew-:(F)- 1800˛05 (_n)- 1793˛97(kn)- 1785˛93 (Un)- 1783˛88

426.- "]Zyp-av-\m- y-p-Zbw'- F∂ kw-kv-Ir-X\m-SIw-cNn-® thWm-Sv- cm-Pm-hv-:(F)- chn-h¿-Ω Ip-etiJc≥-(_n)- kz-m-Xn- Xn-cp-\mƒ-(kn)- DZbam¿-Øm-fih¿-a(Un)- ho-ctIcfh¿-a

427.- 1588¬- hn-Pb\KcØn-s‚ A[o-iXz-Øn¬-\n-∂v- thWmSn-s\ tam-Nn-∏n-® cm-Pm-hv-:(F)- io-ho-c DZbam¿-Øm-fih¿-a(_n)- DÆn-t°cfh¿-a(kn-)- io-ho-ctIcfh¿-a(Un)- chn-h¿-Ω Ip-etiJc≥-

428.- IWn-bmw-Ip -fw - bp -≤Øn¬- thWm-S v - -ssk\y-sØ \bn-®Xv-:(F)- thep-Øºn-(_n)- cm-Pm- tIihZm-k≥-(kn)- Aø∏≥- am¿-Øm-fi]n-≈(Un-)- Cchn-°p-ń-]n-≈

429.- tZhZm-ko- kºZm-bsØ°p-dn-®v- hy-‡am-b ]cm-a¿-iap-≈, tKm-Zchn-bp-sS (917˛944)-`cWIm-esØ im-k\w-:(F)- tNm-Ip¿- im-k\w-(_n)- Xcn-km-∏≈n- im-k\w-(kn)- hm-g∏≈n- im-k\w-(Un)- Xm-g°m-´p- im-k\w-

430.- tam-ln-\n-bm-´Øn-\v- C∂sØ thjhn-[m-\w- Xøm-dm-°n-bXv-:(F)- h≈tØmƒ-(_n)- kzm-Xn-Xn-cp-\mƒ-(kn)- [¿-acm-Pm-hv-(Un)- Ip-©≥- \ºym¿-

431.- in-c n-s\ e£y-am-°n- Bbp-[w- ]tbm-Kn-°m-\p-≈ AShv-:(F)- ISIw- (_n)- Hm-Xn-cw-(kn)- sh´pw-XS (Un)- ]q-gn-°SI≥-

432.- ho-c! hn-cm-S Ip-am-c! hn-t`m-!'- F∂ Km-\w-cNn-®Xv.-(F)- Ccbn-Ω≥-Xºn-(_n)- kz-m-Xn-Xn-cp-\mƒ-(kn-)- jSv-Im-e tKm-hn-µam-cm¿-(Un)- F B¿- cm-Pcm-Ph¿-a

433.- "Ajv-Smw-Kim-co-cw'- cNn-®Xv-:(F)- hm-Kv-`S≥- (_n)- ]n- Fkv- hm-cy¿-(kn)- Cń- ANyp-X≥-(Un)- F¬- F chn-h¿-a

434.- "IWn-bm-¶p-fw- t]m-cv'- F∂ Ir-Xn- GXv-km-ln-Xy-imJbn¬-s∏Sp-∂p?-(F)- hS°≥-]m-´p-Iƒ- (_n)- In-fn-∏m-´v-(kn)- sX°≥-]m-´p-Iƒ(Un)- \m-S≥-]m-´p-Iƒ-

435.- CSt»cn-tKm-hn-µ≥-\m-bcp-sS Ihn-XIsf"i‡n-bp-sS Ihn-XIƒ'- F∂ hn-tijn-∏n-®Xv.-(F)- F≥- hn- Ir-jv-Whm-cy¿-(_n)- Fw- F≥- hn-Pb≥-(kn)- tPm-k^v- ap-≠t»cn- (Un)- k¿-Zm¿-sI Fw- ]Wn-°¿-

436.- am¿-Øm-fih¿-abp-sS Im-eØv- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-s‚ Xeÿm-\w-:(F)- I¬-°p-fw- (]fl\m-`]p-cw)-(_n)- am-then-°c

(kn)- Be∏p-g (Un)- sIm-´m-c°c437.- In-kv-Xp-aXØn¬-tN¿-∂ \m-Sm¿- kv-Xo-Iƒ-

°v- am-dp-adbv-°m-\p-≈ A\p-hm-Zw- \¬-In-sIm-≠p-≈ DØchv- ]p-ds∏Sp-hn-® Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- Zn-hm≥.-(F)- cmPm tIihZmkv(_n)- thepØºn Zfh(kn-)- tIW¬ a¨tdm (Un)- l_o_q≈

438.- Xm-sg∏dbp-∂hbn¬- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-hn-s‚ Ir-Xn-b√m-ØXv-:(F)- thZm-[n-Im-c\n-cq-]Ww-(_n)- Btflm-]tZiiXIw-(kn)- Z¿-i\am-e (Un)- ssZhiXIw-

439.- ]m-en-bw- kXy-KlØn-\v- t\Xr-Xzw-\¬-In-bXv-:(F)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-(_n)- Sn- sI am-[h≥-(kn-)- F Pn- them-bp-[≥-(Un)- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ-

440.- kz-tZim- n-am-\n- sI cm-aIr-jv-W]n-≈ Fhn-sSh®m-Wv- A¥cn-®Xv?-(F)- aZm-kv- (_n)- s\øm-‰n≥-Ic(kn)- A©p-sXßv- (Un-)- IÆq¿-

441.- A®Sn-bp-sS Ncn-XØn¬- aebm-fw- en-]n-bn¬- BZy-am-bn- A®p-Iƒ- \n-cØn- ap-ZWw-sNøs∏´Xv- Hcp- ]kv-Xm-h\bm-Wv.- Bcp-sS?-(F)- A∏p-`´v- (_n)- Cń- ANyp-X≥-(kn)- hn-\m-bI`´v- (Un)- cw-K`´v-

442.- Cfbn-SØp- kz-cq-]sØ (sIm-´m-c°c)- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬- ebn-∏n-®Xv:(F)- [¿-acm-Pm-hv- (_n)- kzmXn-Xn-cp-\mƒ-(kn)- am¿-Øm-fih¿-a(Un Bbn-eyw- Xn-cp-\mƒ-

443.- km-aq-ln-I ]cn-jv-Im-cØn-\p-th≠n- Xq-en-I Nen-∏n-® BZy-sØ aebm-f Ihn- F∂dn-bs∏Sp-∂Xv-(F)- sNdp-t»cn- (_n)- Fgp-Ø—≥-(kn-)- ]q-¥m-\w- (Un)- Ip-©≥- \ºym¿-

444.- "]p-d°m-Sv'- cm-Pyw- Adn-bs∏ń-cp-∂ as‰m-cp- t]cv-:(F)- hS°pw-Iq¿- (_n)- sNºIt»cn(kn-)- sX°pwIq¿- (Un)- Ic∏p-dw-

445.- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im¿- Ip-™m-en- \m-em-as‚in-c v- Fhn-sSbm-Wv- tIm-en¬- tIm¿-Øv-]Z¿-in-∏n-®Xv?-(F)- s]m-∂m-\n- (_n)- IÆq¿-(kn)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- (Un-)- tIm-´bv-°¬-

446.- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im¿- Fhn-sSh®m-Wv- Ip-™m-en- \m-em-asØ hn-Nm-cWsNbv-XXv?-(F)- sIm-®n- (_n)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv-(kn)- tIm-´bv-°¬- (Un)- tKm-h

447.- "In-fn-∏m- v-'- F-∂- Im-hy-co-Xn-bp-sS- D-]-⁄m-X-m-hv-:(F)- Ip-©≥-\ºym¿-(_n)- sNdp-t»cn-(kn-)- ]q-¥m-\w- (Un-)- Fgp-Ø—≥-

448. "X¥kap-®b'-Øn-s‚ I¿-Øm-hv-:(F)- DZfiim-kv-Xn-Iƒ-(_n)- Im-°t»cn- ´Xn-cn-(kn)- ]q-\w- \ºq-Xn-cn-(Un)- tN∂m-kv- \ºq-Xn-cn-

449.- GXv- ]tZiØn-s‚ ]gbt]cm-bn-cp-∂p- "Hm-S\m-Sv'-(F)- ]¥fw- (_n)- \m-©n-\m-Sv-(kn)- Im-bw-Ip-fw- (Un)- \o-teiz-cw-

450 GXv- hn-tZi i‡n-bpsS kº¿-°-êam-bm-Wv- tIcfØn¬- "Nhn-´p-\m-SIw'- F∂Iemcq-]w- Bh¿-`hn-®Xv?-(F)- _n-ó-jp-Im¿- (_n)- U®p-Im¿-(kn)- ^©p-Im-¿- (Un)- t]m¿-®p-Kokp-Im¿

451.- FXm-asØ Ip-™m-en-acbv-°m-¿-°m-Wv- ]p-Xp-∏´WØv- tIm-´]Wn-bm≥- km-aq-Xn-cn-A\p-hm-Zw- \¬-In-bXv?-(F)- H∂m-asØ (_n)- c≠m-asØ(kn)- aq-∂m-asØ (Un)- \m-em-asØ

452.- "\m-cm-bWo-bw'- cNn-®Xv-:(F)- ]q-¥m-\w- (_n)- Fgp-Ø—≥-(kn)- ta¬-∏Øq¿- (Un)- sNdp-t»cn-

453.- "Xp-lm-^Øv-˛D¬-˛ ap-Pm-ln-Zo≥'- cNn-®Xv-:(F)- sssiJv- ssk\p-Zo≥- H∂m-a≥-(_n)- ssiJv- ssk\p-Zo≥- c≠m-a≥-(kn)- A_v-Zpƒ- Ako-kv-(Un-)- ^°o-lv- lp-ssk≥-

- 454.- tIcfØan-se BZy-sØ eØo≥- ItØm-en-° saXm≥-:(F)- s^b¿- tPm¿-Um-\kv-(_n)- hm-kv-tIm-Un-Km-a(kn)- k]n¿- Cu-tim- (Un)- sk‚ v-tXm-akv-

455.- "Z£n-W`m-cXØn-se X£in-e'-F∂v- Adn-bs∏ń-cp-∂Xv:(F)- ]m¿-Yn-h]p-cw-im-e (_n)- aq-gn-°p-fw-(kn)- atlm-Zb]p-cw- Un)- Xn-cp-h√

456.- Xt®m-fn- HtX\s\ NXn-bn¬- shSn-sh®v-

sIm-∂Xv-:(F)- aXn-eq¿- Kp-cp-°ƒ- (_n)- Acn-tßm-S¿-(kn)- N¥p- (Un-)- am-b≥-Ip-ń-

457.- "km-aq-Xn-cn-bp-sS sXm-≠-bn-te°v- tN¿-Øv-]n-Sn-®n-cp-∂ ]oc¶n' F∂ hn-tijn-∏n-°s∏´ tIm-´:(F)- ]≈n-∏p-dw- tIm-´(_n)- Xet»cn-tIm-´b(kn)- Nm-en-bw- tIm-´ (Un)- t_°¬-tIm-´

458.- Ip-™m-en- acbv-°m-cp-sS Bÿm-\w-:(F)- ]p-Xp-∏´Ww- (_n)- Xet»cn-(kn)- Im-∏m-Sv- (Un)- [¿-ΩSw-

459.- ‡n-]km-\w- km-ln-Xy-cq-]Øn¬- AXn-s‚ ]ctIm-Sn-bn-seØn- \n¬-°p-∂ Ir-Xn-:(F)- A≤y-m-flcm-am-bWw-(_n)- Ir-jv-WKm-Y(kn)- IÆ»cm-am-bWw-(Un)- ⁄m-\∏m-\

460.- ssiJv- ssk\p-Zo-s‚ "Xp-lm- Øv- D¬- ap-Pm -ln -Zo≥- FXv - `m -jbn -em -Wv - cNn -°s∏´Xv?-

(F)- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kv- (_n)- Ad_n-(kn)- t]¿-jy- (Un)- Ddp-Zp-461.- am-ln-jv-aXn-bn¬-h®v- io-i¶c≥- hm-Z]Xn-

hm-ZØn¬- tXm¬-∏n-® ao-amw-kI≥-:(F)- afi\an-i≥- (_n)- Ip-am-cn-e`´≥-(kn)- ]fl]m-Z≥- (Un)- kp-tciz-c≥-

462.- ]m-No-\ tIcfØn¬- tKm-f\n-co-£Wim-e ÿm-]n-°s∏´ ÿew-:(F)- hn-gn-™w- (_n)- sIm-√w-(kn)- atlm-Zb]p-cw- (Un-)- Be∏p-g

463.- tIcfØn-se GXv- ÿew- ]n-Sn-®S°nbm-Wv- cm-tPµtNm-f≥- cm-tPµtNm-f]´Ww-F∂v- t]cn-´Xv?-(F)- atlm-Zb]p-cw- (_n)- sIm-√w-(kn)- hn-gn-™w- (Un)- I\y-m-Ip-am-cn

464.- am-am-¶kabØv- km-aq-Xn-cn- "\n-e]m-Sv- sIm-≈p-∂'- ÿew-(F)- tem-I\m¿-Im-hv-(_n)- Xn-cp-am-‘mw-Ip-∂v-(kn)- hm-Ibq¿- afi]w-(Un)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv-

465.- Xm-sg∏dbp-∂hbn¬- GXv- Ir-Xn-bm-Wv-Ccbn-Ω≥-Xºn- cNn-®Xv- A√m-ØXv?-(F)- Io-NIh[w- (_n)- cm-hWhn-Pbw-(kn)- DØcm-kz-bw-hWw- (Un)- Z£bm-Kw-

466.- Fhn-sSh®m-Wv- BZn-i¶c≥- k¿-h⁄]o-Tw- Ibdn-bXv-(F)- Kp-Pdm-Øv- (_n)- ]p-cn-(kn)- Im-©o-]p-cw- (Un)- Im-iv-ao¿-

467.- tIcfØn-se GXv ÿew- ]n-Sn-®S°n-bm-Wv- cm-Pcm-PtNm-f≥- "cm-Pcm-tPiz-cw'- F∂t]cp-am-‰n-bXv?-(F)- tIm-´m¿- (_n)- I\ym-Ip-am-cn-(kn)- hn-gn-™w- (Un)- Im-¥≈q¿-

468.- G‰hpw- HSp-hn-esØ Ip-etiJc cm-Pm-hv-:(F)- cm-ah¿-a (_n)- m-kv-Icchn-h¿-a(kn)- Cµp-t°m-Xh¿-a(Un)- cm-PtiJc≥-

469.- "t\cn-´v- shń- acn-s®∂m-In¬- \m-t´°p-\s√m-cp- am-\w- Xs∂'- ˛ CXv- Xm-sg∏dbp-∂hbn¬- GXp-am-bn- _‘s∏ń-cn-°p-∂p?-(F)- A©p-hÆw- (_n)- aWn-Km-aw-(kn)- Nm-th¿-∏S (Un)- hS°n-cn-°¬-

470.- tZhZm-ko- kºZm-bØn-s‚ Zp-jv-Sv- shfn-s∏Sp-Øp-∂ h≈tØm-fn-s‚ Ir-Xn-:(F)- Icp-W (_n)- Nfim-e`n-£p-In-(kn)- ho-W]q-hv- (Un)- sIm-®p-ko-X

471.- GXv- cm-Pm-hn-s‚ Cfb ktlm-Zc\m-bn-cp-∂p- Cft¶m- ASn-Iƒ-?-(F)- tNc≥- sN¶p-´p-h≥-(_n)- s\Spw-tNc≥-(kn)- \∂≥- (Un)- Xn-Xnb≥-

472.- ]Xn-‰p-∏Øv- F∂ Ir-Xn-bn¬- GXv- hw-iØn-se cm-Pm-°∑m-sc∏‰n-bm-Wv- ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂Xv?-(F)- ]√h¿- (_n)- ISº¿-(kn)- tNc¿- (Un)- tlm-bv-km-e¿-

473.- FUn- c≠mw- iXIØn¬- tIcfw- kµ¿-in-®Xv-:(F)- saKkv-X\o-kv- (_n)- tSm-fan-(kn)- A¬˛s_dq-Wn- (Un)- ln-∏m-ekv-

474.- Xm-sg∏dbp-∂ Ip-am-cm-im-s‚ Ir-Xn-Ifn¬-_p-≤aXkzm-[o\w- C√m-ØXv-:(F)- Icp-W (_n-)- Nfim-e`n-£p-In-(kn)- ho-W]q-hv- (Un)- io-_p-≤Ncn-Xw-

475.- Bcp-sS D]Zhw-sIm-≠m-Wv- Pq-X∑m¿- sIm-Sp-ß√q¿-\n-∂v- sIm-®n-bn-te°v- am-dn-Øm-akn-°m≥- CSbm-bXv?-(F)- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im¿- (_n)- U®p-Im¿-(kn)- Cw-•o-jp-Im¿- (Un)- ^©p-Im¿-

476. - Atim-INIh¿-Øn-bp -sS in -em-Jn -Xßfn¬- tIcf `cWm-[n-Im-cn-sb kq-Nn-∏n-°m≥- D]tbm-Kn-°p-∂ hm-°v-

(F)- tIcf]p-X≥- (_n)- km-aq-Xn-cn-(kn-)- s]cp-amƒ- (Un)- tIm-eØn-cn-

477.- GXv- hw-iØn-se G‰hpw- ]K¤cm-Pm-hm-bn-cp-∂p- sN¶´p-h≥?-(F)- BZn-Im-etNc≥-(_n)- BZn-Im-etNm-f≥-(kn)- ]√h¿- (Un)- ]m-fiy¿-

478.- ]Xn-\m-emw- \q-‰m-≠p-ap-X¬- ]gb aq-jIcm-Pyw- Adn-bs∏Sm≥- Xp-Sßn-b t]cv-:(F)- shsºm-en-\m-Sv- (_n- tIm-eØp-\m-Sv-(kn)- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-tIm-Sv- (Un)- Xr-∏m-∏q¿-

479.- Bbv- cm-Phw-iØn-s‚ Nn-”w-:(F)- B\ (_n)- Ip-Xn-c(kn)- iw-Jv- (Un)- tIm-gn-

480.- tIcfØn¬- G‰hpw- Iq-Sp-Xep-≈ c≠m-asØ aXhn-`mKw-:(F)- In-kv-Xym-\n-Iƒ- (_n)- ap-…n-ßƒ-(kn)- ln-µp-°ƒ- (Un)- Bw-t•m-˛C¥y≥-

481.- Xm-sg∏dbp-∂hbn¬- t]aIhn-XIfp-sSkam-lm-cw-:(F)- ]Xn-‰p-∏Øv- (_n-)- AI\m-\q-dv-(kn)- ]p-d\m-\q-dv- (Un)- \‰n-ssW

482.- tIcfØn¬- tPym-Xn-im-kv-X]T\Øn-s‚kp-h¿-WIm-ew- F∂dn-bs∏Sp-∂Xv- GXv- cm-Pm-hn-s‚ Im-eam-Wv?-(F)- ÿm-Wp-chn-h¿-a≥-(_n)- Ip-etiJc Bgv-hm¿-(kn)- cm-PtiJch¿-a≥-(Un)- Cµp-t°m-Xh¿-a

483.- Aø\Sn-Iƒ- Xn-cp-hSn-Iƒ- B¿-°m-Wv- Xcn-km-∏≈n- im-k\w-ap-tJ\ Zm-\w- \¬-In-bXv.-(F)- k]n¿- Cu-tim- (_n)- ln-∏m-ekv-(kn)- sk‚ v- tXm-akv-(Un)- hmkv-tIm-Un-Kma

484.- GXv- aX°m-cp-sS t\Xm-hm-bn-cp-∂p- tPm-k^v- d∫m≥?-(F)- In-kv-Xym-\n-Iƒ- (_n)- ap-…n-ßƒ-(kn)- Pq-X∑m¿- (Un)- Chcm-cp-a√

485.- "kw-Km-a[o-c≥'- F∂ t]cn-edn-bs∏´thWm-Sv- cm-Pm-hv?-(F)- chn-h¿-a IpetiJc≥-(_n)- PSm-h¿-a≥-(kn)- am-ch¿-a≥- (Un)- Pbknw-l≥-

486.- EtKz-Zw- aebm-fØn-te°v- ]cn-`m-js∏Sp-Øn-b Ihn-:(F)- h≈tØmƒ- (_n)- D≈q¿-(kn)- sNdp-t»cn- (Un)- Ip-am-c\m-im≥-

487.- ]m-No-\ tIcfØn-se cXv-\˛-kz¿-W hym-]m-cn-Ifm-bn-cp-∂p-:(F)- A©p-hÆw- (_n-)- aWn-Km-aw-(kn)- Adp-\q-‰p-h¿- (Un)- ap-∂q-‰p-h¿-

488.- thep-Øºn- Zfhbp-sS DShmƒ- Fhn-sSbm-Wv- kq-£n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv?-(F)- In-fn-am-\q¿- (_n)- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw-(kn)- U¬-ln- (Un)- I¬-°p-fw-

489.- "Nµ\N¿-®n-X \o-eItf_c...- F∂ hcn-Iƒ- FXv- Ir-Xn-bp-sS m-Kam-Wv-?-(F)- Ir-jv-WKm-Y (_n)- ⁄m-\∏m-\(kn)- \m-cm-bWo-bw- (Un)- Ko-XtKm-hn-µw-

490.- kzm-Xn-Xn-cp-\m-fn-s‚ kZ n-se G‰hpw-]ap-J Km-bI≥:(F)- tacp-kzm-an- (_n)- hSn-thep-(kn)- Nn-∂ø (Un)- in-hm-\µ≥-

491.- tIcf Ncn-XØn¬ "Z£n-WtZisØs\√d'- F∂v- hn-tijn-∏n-°s∏ń-cp-∂]tZiw-:(F)- hn-gn-™w- (_n)- \m-©n-\m-Sv-(kn-)- Bcp-hm-sam-gn- (Un)- ip-No-µw-

492.- GXv- thWm-Sp-cm-Pm-hn-s‚ Im-eØm-Wv-1644¬- hn-gn-™Xv- Cw-•o-jv- m-Iv-Sdn- ÿm-]n-Xam-bXv.-(F)- chn-h¿-a (_n)- am¿-Øm-fih¿-a(kn)- cm-ah¿-a (Un)- io-ho-ctIcfh¿-a

493.-"ap-In-e≥-]S'- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw- BIan-®kabØv- thWm-ń-se cWm-[n-Im-cn-:(F)- am¿-Øm-fih¿-a (_n)- DabΩdm-Wn-(kn)- DÆn-tIcfh¿-a(Un)- kzm-Xn-Xn-cp-\mƒ-

494.- "B[p-\n-I Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-s‚ hn-[m-Xm-hv'- F∂ t]cn¬- ]kn-≤\m-b am¿-Øm-fih¿-a Bcp-sS ]n≥-Km-an-bm-bn-cp-∂p?-(F)- chn-h¿-a (_n)- tIcfh¿-a(kn)- Ip-etiJc Bgv-hm¿-(Un)- cm-PtiJc≥-

495.- "DÆn-bm-Sn- Ncn-Xw'- cNn-®Xv-:(F)- Zm-tam-Zc≥- (_n)- eo-em-ip-I≥-(kn)- i¶c≥- (Un)- cm-a≥-

496.- Xm-sg∏dbp-∂hbn¬- GXm-Wv- tIcfØn-se alm-in-em-hin-jv-Shp-am-bn- _‘an-√m-ØXv?-(F)- ]gp-XdIƒ- (_n)- Ip-S°√p-Iƒ-(kn)- sXm-∏n-°√p-Iƒ- (Un)- A©p-hÆw-

497.- GXv- cm-Phw-iØn-s‚ Xeÿm-\am-bn-cp-∂p- h©n-ap-Xq¿-

10 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2016 Pq - 1

TestYour

GK1.- -tÃ-‰v- _m-¶v- Hm-^v- C-¥y-bp-sS- ap-≥Km-an-:-

(\-)- dn-k¿-hv- _m-¶v--(_n-)- Cw-]o-cn-b¬- _m-¶v- Hm-^v- C-¥y-(kn-)- \-_m¿-Uv- -(Un-)- C-h-sbm-∂p-a-√-

2.- -Xp-a-e-∏-≈n- G-Xv- [m-Xp-hn-\v- ]-kn-≤-am-Wv-?-(F-)- sN-ºv- -(_n-)- kz¿-Ww-(kn-)- bp-td-\n-bw- -(Un-)- C-cp-ºv-

3.- -tZ-io-b- A-t\z-j-W- G-P-≥kn- cq-]w-sIm-≠- h¿-jw-:-(F-)- 2009 -(_n-)- 2010(kn-)- 2011 -(Un-)- 2012

4.- -C-¥y-≥ C-≥Un-s]-≥U-≥kv- \n-b-a-Øn-\v- cm-P-Io-bm-\p-a-Xn- e-`n-®- Xo-b-Xn-:-(F-)- 1947 Hm-K-Ãv- 15 -(_n-)- 1947 Hm-K-Ãv- 14(kn-)- 1948 Pq-sse- 18 -(Un-)- 1947 Pq-sse- 18

5.- -C-¥y-bn¬- _-Uv-P-‰v- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv-:-(F-)- s^-_p-h-cn- 28 -(_n-)- s^-_p-h-cn- 27(kn-)- G-]n¬- 1 -(Un-)- s^-_p-h-cn-bn-se- A-h-km-\-sØ- ]-hr-Øn- Zn-h-kw-

6.- -kw-c-£n-X- ]-tZ-i-am-b- aw-K-f-h-\w- G-Xv- Pn-√-bn-em-Wv-?-(F-)- F-d-Wm-Ip-fw- -(_n-)- Xr-»q¿-(kn-)- ]m-e-°m-Sv- -(Un-)- I-Æq¿-

7.- -A-©p-sX-ßv- I-em-]-Øn¬- sIm-√-s∏-´- hym-]m-cn-I-fp-sS- t\-Xm-hv-:-(F-)- a-¨-tdm- -(_n-)- sa-°m-sf-(kn-)- Kn-t^m¿-Uv- -(Un-)- _m¿-´-¨-

8.- -tlm-kv-Zp¿-Kv- tIm-´- \n¿-an-®-Xm-cm-Wv-?-(F-)- in-h-∏- \m-b-Iv- -(_n-)- tkm-a-ti-J-c- \m-b-Iv-(kn-)- Ir-jv-W-tZ-h-cm-b¿- -(Un-)- A-d-bv-°¬- _o-_n-

9.- -G-‰-hpw- Ip-d-™- sa-‰-t_m-fn-k- \n-c-°p-≈- k-kv-X-\w-:-(F-)- kv-tem-Øv- -(_n-)- ]m-≠-(kn-)- B-\- -(Un-)- Xn-anw-Kn-ew-

10.- -F-¥n-t\m-Sp-≈- t]-Sn-bm-Wv- an¿-an-t°m-t^m-_n-b-?-(F-)- ]-£n-Iƒ- -(_n-)- Ip-Xn-c-(kn-)- D-dp-ºv- -(Un-)- a-’yw-

11.- -Km-‘n-b-≥ ]-≤-Xn-bp-sS- D-]-⁄m-Xm-hv-:-(F-)- P-b-]-Im-iv- \m-cm-b-¨- -(_n-)- a-lm-flm-Km-‘n-(kn-)- kp-`m-jv- N-µ-t_m-kv- -(Un-)- io-a-≥ \m-cm-b-¨- A-K¿-hmƒ-

12.- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Im-ew- B-kq-X-W- I-Ωn-j-s‚- A-[y-£- ]-Z-hn- h-ln-®-Xm-cm-Wv-?-(F-)- P-hm-l¿-em¬- s\-lp- -(_n-)- C-µn-cm-Km-‘n-(kn-)- cm-Po-hv- Km-‘n- -(Un-)- cm-tP-µ-]-km-Zv-

13.- -C-Sp-°n- P-e-kw-`-c-Wn- G-Xv- ]-©m-b-Øn-em-Wv-?-(F-)- h-´-h-S- -(_n-)- aq-∂m¿-(kn-)- Im-©n-bm¿- -(Un-)- ]o-cp-ta-Sv-

14.- -tKm-h-bv-°p-ap-ºv- C-¥y-bn¬- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kv- B-ÿm-\-am-bn-cp-∂- ]-´-Ww-:-(F-)- sIm¬-°-Ø- -(_n-)- ]p-Xp-t®-cn-(kn-)- sIm-®n- -(Un-)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv-

15.- -G-‰-hpw- kw-th-Z-\-ti-jn-bp-≈- hn-c¬- G-Xm-Wv-?-(F-)- X-≈-hn-c¬- -(_n-)- tam-Xn-c-hn-c¬-(kn-)- \-Sp-hn-c¬- -(Un-)- Nq-≠p-hn-c¬-

16.- -H-∂mw- ]-©-h¬-k-c- ]-≤-Xn-bp-sS- A-S-¶¬- Xp-I-bm-bn- \n-›-bn-®n-cp-∂-Xv- F-X- tIm-Sn-bm-bn-cp-∂p-?-(F-)- 2378 -(_n-)- 2906(kn-)- 2069 -(Un-)- 2738

17.- -Xm-sg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-bn¬- hn-hn-t[m-t±-k-]-≤-Xn- A-√m-Ø-Xv- G-Xv-?-(F-)- `-Im-\w-K¬- -(_n-)- ln-cm-°p-Uv-(kn-)- Zm-tam-Z¿-hm-en- -(Un-)- Zp¿-Km-∏q¿-

18.- -tZ-io-b- sXm-gn-ep-d-∏v- ]-≤-Xn-bp-sS- B-i-b-Øn-s‚- D-]-⁄m-Xm-hv-:-(F-)- a-lm-flm-Km-‘n- -(_n-)- Pm-Iz-kv- sU-sk-(kn-)- a-l-e-t\m-_n-kv- -(Un-)- sam-dm¿-Pn- tZ-im-bn-

19.- _m-kp-t´m-em-≥Uv- C-t∏mƒ- G-Xv- t]-cn¬- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p-?-(F-)- knw-_m-_v-sh- -(_n-)- kmw-_n-b-(kn-)- se-tkm-tØm- -(Un-)- skm-am-en-b-

20.- -Km-‘n-Pn- tIm- -K-kn¬- ]-h¿-Øn-®p- Xp-S-ßp-∂-Xn-\p-ap-ºv- B- kw-L-S-\-bp-sS- Nn-´-I-fpw- hy-h-ÿ-I-fpw-cq-]-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xm-Wv-?-(F-)- Zm-Zm-`m-bv- \-h-tdm-Pn- -(_n-)- kp-tc-µ-\m-Yv- _m-\¿-Pn-(kn-)- _m-e-Kw-Km-[-c- Xn-I-≥-(Un-)- tKm-]m-e-Ir-jv-W- tKm-J-se-

21.- -G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-Wv- au-≠v- B-tXm-kv-?-(F-)- Ko-kv- -(_n-)- Xp¿-°n-(kn-)- Cu-Pn-]v-Xv- -(Un-)- C-k-tb¬-

22.- -]n-tdm-´-≥ a-ssd-≥ \m-j-W¬- ]m¿-°v- G-Xv- kw-ÿm-\-Øm-Wv-?-(F-)- cm-P-ÿm-≥ -(_n-)- Kp-P-dm-Øv-(kn-)- H-Un-j- -(Un-)- I¿-Wm-S-Iw-

23.- -J-eo¬- Pn-_m-≥ P-\n-®- cm-Pyw-:-(F-)- Z-£n-Wm-^n-°- -(_n-)- sI-\n-b-(kn-)- se-_-\-≥ -(Un-)- \n-°-cm-Kz-

24.- -I-ayq-W¬- A-hm¿-Un¬- ]-Xn-tj-[n-°m-≥ Km-‘n-Pn-a-c-Ww-h-sc-bp-≈- D-]-hm-k-k-a-cw- B-cw-`n-®-Xv- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-?-(F-)- B-Km-Jm-≥ ]m-e-kv- -(_n-)- Xn-lm¿- P-bn¬-(kn-)- sb¿-hm-Z- P-bn¬- -(Un-)- k-_¿-a-Xn- B-i-aw-

25.- -Xm-sg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-bn¬- B-cm-Wv- tIm-¨-K-kv- tkm-jy-en-Ãv- ]m¿-ń-bn¬- Aw-K-a-√m-Xn-cp-∂-Xv-?-(F-)- P-b-]-Im-iv- \m-cm-b-¨- -(_n-)- an-\p-a-km-\n-(kn-)- \-tc-µ-tZ-hv- -(Un-)- P-hm-l¿-em¬- s\-lp-

26.- -C-¥y-bp-sS- `-c-W-\n¿-h-l-W-Øn-\m-bn- sk-I-´-dn- Hm-^v- tÃ-‰v- F-∂- ]-Z-hn- B-cw-`n-®- h¿-jw-:-(F-)- 1857 -(_n-)- 1858(kn-)- 1861 -(Un-)- 1868

27.- -Izn-‰n-¥ym- k-a-c-Im-e-Øv- tIm-¨-K-kv- td-Un-tbm- ]-t£-]-Ww- B-cw-`n-®-Xv- F-hn-sS- \n-∂m-Wv-?-(F-)- \yq-U¬-ln- -(_n-)- sIm¬-°-Ø-(kn-)- t_mw-s_- -(Un-)- ]q-s\-

28.- -C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- th-Kw- Iq-Sn-b- sS-bn-≥:-(F-)- i-Xm-_v-Zn- F-Iv-kv-]-kv--(_n-)- K-Xn-am-≥ F-Iv-kv-]-kv-(kn-)- cm-P-[m-\n- F-Iv-kv-]-kv --(Un-)- hn-th-Iv- F-Iv-kv-]-kv-

29.- -_-tbm-kv- n-b¿- dn-k¿-hp-I-fp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏- - kw-L-S-\- G-Xv-?-(F-)- bp-\n-sk-^v- -(_n-)- tem-I-_m-¶v-(kn-)- sd-Uv-tIm-kv- -(Un-)- bp-s\-kv-tIm-

30.- -am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a-bp-sS- Im-e-Øv- Z-f-hm- B-bn-cp-∂-Xv-?-(F-)- th-ep-Ø-ºn- -(_n-)- cm-Pm-tI-i-h-Zm-kv-(kn-)- A-dp-ap-Jw-]n-≈- -(Un-)- D-Ωn-Wn-Ø-ºn-

31.- -G-Xv- ]-©-h¬-k-c- ]-≤-Xn-bm-Wv- Km-Uv-Kn¬- tbm-P-\-F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-?-(F-)- aq-∂m-a-sØ- -(_n-)- \m-em-a-sØ-(kn-)- A-©m-a-sØ- -(Un-)- B-dm-a-sØ-

32.- -ap-ºv- In-S-ß-\m-Sv - G-Xv- t]-cn¬- A-dn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂-ÿ-ew-:-(F-)- kp¬-Øm-≥_-tØ-cn- -(_n-)- I¬-∏-‰-(kn-)- am-\-¥-hm-Sn- -(Un-)- ]p¬-∏-≈n-

33.- -G-Xv- cm-Py-sØ- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- hw-io-b- hn-`m-K-am-Wv-sa-Ãn-tkm-?-(F-)- ss\-Po-cn-b- -(_n-)- sa-Iv-kn-t°m-(kn-)- \n-°-cm-Kz- -(Un-)- sIm-fw-_n-b-

34.- -C-¥y-≥ \m-j-W¬- tIm-¨-K-kn-s‚- _n-ó-jv- I-Ωn-‰n- cq-]w- sIm-≠- h¿-jw-(F-)- 1885 -(_n-)- 1887(kn-)- 1889 -(Un-)- 1891

35.- -i-X-hm-l-\- hw-i-Øn-s‚- X-e-ÿm-\w-:-(F-)- ]-Xn-jv-Tm-≥ -(_n-)- am-\y-tJ-X-(kn-)- _-Zm-an- -(Un-)- ]m-S-eo-]p-Xw-

36.- -C-¥y-bn¬- Z¿-_m¿- \-S-Øn-bn-´p-≈- G-I- _n-ó-jv- cm-Pm-hv-(F-)- F-tUz¿-Uv- F-´m-a-≥ -(_n-)- tPm¿-Pv- B-dm-a-≥(kn-)- tPm¿-Pv- A-©m-a-≥ -(Un-)- C-h-cm-cp-a-√-

37.- -Ip-°m- I-em-]w- A-c-tß-dn-b-Xv- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-?-(F-)- ]-©m-_v- -(_n-)- _w-Kmƒ--(kn-)- a-lm-cm-jv-S- -(Un-)- X-an-gv-\m-Sv-

38.- -G-Xv- Pn-√-bn-em-Wv- A-S-hn- C-t°m- Sq-dn-kw-?-(F-)- Im-k-d-tKm-Uv- -(_n-)- I-Æq¿-(kn-)- h-b-\m-Sv- -(Un-)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv-

39.- -aw-Kƒ-]m-Wv-sU-sb- Xq-°n-te-‰n-b-Xv-:-(F-)- ao-d-‰v- -(_n-)- _m-c-Iv-]q¿-(kn-)- U¬-ln- -(Un-)- ss^-km-_m-Zv-

40.- -G-Xv- \q-‰m-≠n-em-Wv- Ip-dn-Ny-I-em-]w- \-S-∂-Xv-?-(F-)- 17 -(_n-)- 18(kn-)- 19 -(Un-)- 20

sabv-- 15 e°w _p≈-‰n-\ns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-¬ s]mXp-hn-⁄m\ \ne-hmcwhne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp tNmZy-t]-∏-dm-Wn-Xv. Hmtcm icn-bp-Ø-c-Øn\pwHcp am¿°v. sX‰nbm¬ 0.33 s\K-‰ohv am¿°v.48 am¿°v apX¬ 50 hsc Excellent, 43- 47 Very Good, 36- 42- Good,26˛35˛ Average. 25 -am¿°n\p Xmsg-bm-sW-¶n¬ IqSp-X¬ a\- n-cpØnbpw Bh¿Øn®pap≈ hmb\ A\n-hm-cyw.

(F)- tNc (_n)- tNm-f(kn)- ]m-fiy- (Un)- ]√h¿-

498.- tIcfIp-eNq-Um-aWn,- atlm-Zb]p-c ]ctaiz-c≥-F∂o- _n-cp-Zßfm¬- ]Io¿-Øn-°s∏´ cm-Pm-hv-:(F)- Ip-etiJc Bgvhm¿-(_n)- tNcam≥- s]cp-amƒ-(kn)- tNc≥- sN¶p-´p-h≥- (Un)- \∂≥-

499.- "a\p-Ip-em-Zn-Xy≥-'- F∂ _n-cp-Zw- kz-bw- kzo-Icn-®tNccm-Pm-hv-:(F)- Ip-etiJcBgv-hm¿-(_n)- cm-PtiJch¿-a≥(kn-)- Cµp-t°m-Xh¿-a(Un)- m-kv-Ichnh¿-a≥-

500.- kzm-Xn-Xn-cp-\m-fn-s‚ kZ n-se Bÿm-\Ihn-bm-bn-Ahtcm-[n-°s∏´Xv-:(F)- Ccbn-Ω≥-Xºn- (_n)- Ico-µ≥-(kn)- tacp-kzm-an-(Un)- cm-a]p-cØv- hm-cy¿

DØcw1)- F 2)- kn- 3)- _n- 4)- _n- 5)- F 6)- Un- 7)- F 8)- F 9)- _n-10)- kn- 11)- kn- 12)- F 13)- _n- 14)- Un- 15)- kn- 16)- _n- 17)- Un-18)- F 19)- _n- 20)- kn- 21)- _n- 22)- F 23)- _n- 24)- kn- 25)- F26)- Un- 27)- _n- 28)- _n- 29)- Un- 30)- kn- 31)- kn- 32)- _n-33)- F 34)- _n- 35)- Un- 36)- _n 37)- kn- 38)- kn- 39)- F 40)- Un-41)- _n- 42)- _n- 43)- _n- 44)- _n- 45)- _n- 46)- kn- 47)- F48)- kn- 49)- Un- 50)- _n- 51)- F 52)-kn- 53)- F 54)- _n- 55)- kn-56)- kn- 57)- kn- - 58)- F 59)- kn- 60)- _n- 61)- F 62)- _n- 63)- F64)- F 65)- kn- 66)- _n- 67)- _n- 68)- F 69)- F 70)- _n- 71)- _n-72)- _n- 73)- Un- 74)- _n- 75)- Un- 76)- _n- 77)- Un- 78)- kn-79)- Un- 80)- _n- 81)- kn- 82)- kn- 83)- _n- 84)- kn- 85)- _n-86)- kn- 87)- Un- 88)- kn- 89)- _n- 90)- Un- 91)- Un- 92)- F93)- _n- 94)- Un- 95)- kn- 96)- _n- 97) -_n- 98)- _n- 99)- Un-100)- _n 101)- F 102)- _n 103)- kn- 104)- _n- 105)- _n- 106)- Un-107)- _n- 108)- F 109)- Un- 110)- kn- 111)- kn- 112)- _n- 113)- kn-114)- Un- 115)- _n- 116)- kn- 117)- F 118)- _n 119)- F 120)- F121)- _n- 122)- kn- 123)- kn- 124)- F 125)- Un- 126)- Un- 127)- kn-128)- F 129)- _n- 130)- kn- 131)- kn- 132)- kn- 133)- F 134)- _n-135)- F 136)- _n- 137)- F 138)- kn- 139)- Un- 140)- kn- 141)- Un-142)- F 143)- _n- 144)- Un- 145)- kn- 146)- kn- 147)- _n- 148)- kn-149)- F 150)- kn- 151)- F 152)- Un- 153)- _n- 154)- Un- 155)- _n-156)- Un- 157)- kn- 158)- kn- 159)- _n- 160)- kn- 161)- kn- 162)- _n-163)- kn- 164)- kn- 165)- kn- 166)- _n- 167)- Un- 168)- kn- 169)- _n-170)- Un- 171)- F 172)- _n- 173)- _n- 174)- kn- 175)- _n- 176)- F177)- Un- 178)- kn- 179)- kn- 180)- kn- 181)- F 182)- kn- 183)- _n-184)- kn- 185)- Un- 186)- _n- 187)- F 188)- kn- 189)- Un- 190)- _n-191)- F 192)- kn- 193)- kn- 194)- kn- 195)- _n- 196)- F 197)- kn-198)- _n- 199)- F 200)- F 201)- F 202)- _n- 203)- kn- 204)- F205)- Un 206)- Un- 207)- _n- 208)- _n- 209)- Un- 210)- _n-211)- _n- 212)- kn- 213)- kn- 214)- _n- 215)- _n- 216)- kn- 217)- Un-218)- kn- 219)- _n- 220)- Un- 221)- F 222)- _n- 223)- _n- 224)- F225)- _n- 226)- _n- 227)- kn- 228)- kn- 229)- _n- 230)- kn-231)- Un- 232)- _n- 233)- _n- 234)- kn- 235)- _n- 236)- F 237)- Un238)- _n- 239) Un 240)- kn- 241)- _n- 242)- _n- 243)- kn-244)- Un- 245)- kn- 246)- _n- 247)- kn- 248)- Un- 249)- F 250)- Un-251)- F 252)- _n- 253)- kn- 254)- Un- 255)- kn- 256)- F 257)- _n-258)- F 259)- _n- 260)- kn- 261)- _n- 262)- F 263)- _n- 264)- F265)- kn- 266)- _n- 267)- Un- 268)- kn- 269)- _n- 270)- F 271)- kn-272)- _n- 273)- F 274)- F 275)- kn- 276)- F 277)- kn- 278)- F279)- kn- 280)- kn- 281)- F 282)- _n- 283)- _n- 284)- kn- 285)- Un-286)- Un- 287)- _n- 288)- Un- 289)- kn- 290)- F 291)- Un- 292)- Un-293)- F 294)- F 295)- kn- 296)- kn- 297)- F 298)- kn- 299)- kn-300)- F 301)- kn- 302)- F 303)- kn- 304)- F 305)- kn- 306)- F307)- _n- 308)- _n- 309)- _n- 310)- F 311)- _n- 312)- Un- 313)- _n-314)- F 315)- F 316)- F 317)- Un- 318)- kn- 319)- Un- 320)- kn-321)- F 322)- Un- 323)- F 324)- _n- 325)- _n- 326)- _n- 327)- F328)- kn- 329)- F 330)- Un- 331)- F 332)- _n- 333)- kn- 334)- _n-335)- F 326)- kn- 337)- kn- 338)- F 339)- Un- 340)- _n- 341)- _n-342)- kn- 343)- Un- 344)- F 345)- _n- 346)- _n- 347)- F 348)- Un-349)- F 350)- _n- 351)- F 352)- F 353)- _n- 354)- F 355)- _n-356)- Un- 357)- F 358)- _n- 359)- Un- 360)- kn- 361 kn- 362)- Un-363)- kn- 364)- _n.- 365) F 366.- Un- 367.- F 368.- Un-369.- kn-370.- kn- 371.- _n- 372.- _n- 373.- kn- 374.- F 375.- F 376.- kn-377.- F 378.- _n- 379.- _n- 380.- _n- 381.- Un- 382.- kn- 383.- Un-384.- _n- 385.- F 386.- Un- 387.- Un- 388.- _n- 389.- F 390.- _n-391.- Un- 392.- _n- 393.- _n- 394.- kn- 395.- _n- 396.- kn- 397.- _n-398.- Un - 399.- F 400.- _n- 401.- Un- 402.- F 403.- kn -404.- F405.- _n- 406.- kn- 407.- F 408.- F 409.- kn- 410.- Un- 411.- F412.-F 413.- F 414.- _n- 415.F 416.- kn- 417.- kn- 418.- _n-419.- Un- 420.- kn- 421.- _n- 422.- F 423.- _n- 424.- Un- 425.- _n-426.- F 427.- kn- 428.- Un- 429.- F 430.- _n-431.- _n- 432.- F433.- _n- 434.- kn- 435.- F436.- F 437.- kn- 438.- F 439.- kn-440.- Un-441.- _n- 442.- kn- 443.- Un- 444.- _n- 445.- _n- 446.- Un-447.- Un- 448.- Un- 449.- kn.- 450.- Un- 451.- kn 452.- kn- 453.- _n-454.- F 455. -F 456.- Un- 457.- kn- 458.- F 459.- F 460.- _n- 461.- F462.- kn- 463.- kn- 464.- kn- 465.- _n- 466.- Un- 467.- _n- 468.- F469.- kn.- 470.- Un- 471.- F 472.- kn- 473.- _n- 474.- kn- 475.- F476.- F 477.- F 478.- _n- 479.- F480.- _n- 481.- _n- 482.- F483.- F 484.- kn- 485.- F 486.- F 487.- _n- 488.-kn- 489.- Un- 490.-F 491.- _n- 492.- F 493.- _n- 494.- F 495. F 496.- Un- 497.- F498.- F499.- Un- 500.- F

2016 Pq - 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 11

41.- -G-Xv- kw-L-S-\-bp-sS- B-`n-ap-Jy-Øn-em-Wv- ]q-s\-bn¬-^¿-Kq-k-≥ tIm-tf-Pv- B-cw-`n-®-Xv-?-(F-)- C-¥y-≥ \m-j-W¬- tIm-¨-K-kv- -(_n-)- Xn-tbm-k-^n-°¬- skm-ssk-‰n-(kn-)- B-cy-k-am-Pw--(Un-)- U-°m-¨- F-Pyq-t°-j-≥ skm-ssk-‰n-

42.- -Po-c-I-im-e- F-∂-Xv- G-Xv- Im¿-jn-I- hn-f-bp-sS- C-\-am-Wv-?-(F-)- C-©n- -(_n-)- Im-∏n-(kn-)- s\-√v- -(Un-)- tKm-X-ºv-

43.- -tem-I-Øm-Zy-am-bn- l-cn-X- hn-π-hw- B-cw-`n-®- h¿-jw-:-(F-)- 1944 -(_n-)- 1945(kn-)- 1946 -(Un-)- 1947

44.- -^¿-°- ]-≤-Xn- \-S-∏m-°n-b-Xv- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-?-(F-)- bp.-]n.- -(_n-)- _w-Kmƒ-(kn-)- ]-©m-_v- -(Un-)- a-Zm-kv-

45.- -Km-≥Uv- Uq-°v- F-∂- t]-cn¬- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bp-≈- cm-Py-ta-Xv-?-(F-)- h-Øn-°m-≥ -(_n-)- e-Iv-kw-_¿-Kv-(kn-)- sam-Wm-t°m- -(Un-)- s_¬-Pn-bw-

46.- -s^-d-kv- tIm-an-bw- A-tbm-Wp-Iƒ- •m-kn-\v- G-Xv- \n-d-am-Wv- \¬-Ip-∂-Xv-?-(F-)- a-™- -(_n-)- ]-®-(kn-)- \o-e- -(Un-)- Np-h-∏v-

47.- -]m-gv-kn-Iƒ- C-¥y-bn¬- B-Zy-sa-Øn-b- ÿ-ew-:-(F-)- ]-©m-_v- -(_n-)- k-]v-X-kn-‘p-(kn-)- k-≥Pmw- -(Un-)- tKm-h-

48.- -kw-ÿm-\- \n-b-a-k-`- ]m-km-°p-∂- _n-√p-Iƒ- B-cv- H-∏v- h-bv-°p-∂-tXm-sS-bm-Wv- \n-b-a-am-Ip-∂-Xv-?-(F-)- kv-]o-°¿- -(_n-)- ap-Jy-a-¥n-(kn-)- cm-jv-S-]-Xn- -(Un-)- K-h¿-W¿-

49.- -am-Xw-K-Zn-hm-I-c-≥ F-∂- I-hn-sb- t]m¬-km-ln-∏n-®-cm-Pm-hv-:-(F-)- I-\n-jv-I-≥ -(_n-)- l¿-j-≥(kn-)- A-tim-I-≥ -(Un-)- k-ap-Z-Kp-]v-X-≥

50.- -C-¥y-≥ F-hn-U-≥kv- B-Iv-Sv- ]m-km-°n-b- h¿-jw-:-(F-)- 1860 -(_n-)- 1861 -(kn-)- 1858 -(Un-)- 1872

51.- -Xm-sg-∏-d-bp-∂- kw-ÿm-\-ß-fp-sS- h-ep-∏-Øn-s‚- A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep-≈- i-cn-bm-b- I-aw- Xn-c-s™-Sp-°p-I.-1.- kn-°nw- -2.- tKm-h- -3.- Xn-]p-c- -4.- \m-Km-em-≥Uv-(F-)- 2,- 1,- 3,- 4 -(_n-)- 1,- 2,- 3,- 4(kn-)- 2,- 3,- 1,- 4 -(Un-)- 1,- 4,- 2,- 3

52.- -`q-tKm-f-Øn-s‚- B-sI- hn-kv-Xo¿-Æ-Øn¬- F-X- i-X-am-\-am-Wv- C-¥y- Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂-Xv-(F-)- 5.-7%- -(_n-)- 0.-57%-(kn-)- 4.-2%- -(Un-)- 0.-42%-

53.- -C-¥y-bn¬- a-™p-Im-ew- A-\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-:-(F-)- H-Iv-tSm-_¿-˛-\-hw-_¿--(_n-)- Pq-¨-˛-sk-]v-Xw-_¿-(kn-)- am¿-®v-˛-Pq-¨- -(Un-)- Un-kw-_¿-˛-s^-_p-h-cn-

54.- -C-¥y-≥ -c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS- B-ap-J-Øn-s‚- m-K-a-√m-Ø-]-Zw- G-Xv-?-(F-)- tkm-jy-en-Ãv- -(_n-)- sk-°p-e¿-(kn-)- sUm-tam-Im-‰n-Iv- -(Un-)- s^-U-d¬-

55.- -C-¥y-≥ ]m¿-e-sa-‚n-se- B-sI- Xn-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏-Sp-∂- Aw-K-ß-fp-sS- F-Æw-:-(F-)- 552 -(_n-)- 543(kn-)- 776 -(Un-)- 790

56.- ]p-Xn-b- sIm-´m-cw- F-∂v- t]-cn-\¿-∞-ap-≈- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w-:-(F-)- an-skm-dw- -(_n-)- kn-°nw-(kn-)- H-Un-j- -(Un-)- O-Øn-kv-K-Vv-

57.- -1991 se- 71 mw- t`-Z-K-Xn- ]-Im-cw- `-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS- F-´mw- sj-Uyq-fn¬- tN¿-Ø- `m-j-I-fn¬- Dƒ-s∏-Sm-Ø-Xv-:-(F-)- a-Wn-∏q-cn- -(_n-)- kn-‘n-(kn-)- sIm-¶-Wn- -(Un-)- t\-∏m-fn-

58.- -aq-∂v- `-c-W-L-S-I-ß-fp-sS- B-ÿm-\-am-b- G-I- C-¥y-≥ \-K-cw-:-(F-)- U¬-ln- -(_n-)- ssl-Z-cm-_m-Zv-(kn-)- ]p-Xp-t®-cn- -(Un-)- N-Wv-Un-K-Vv-

59.- -i-‡-am-b- tI-µ-hpw- i-‡n- Ip-d-™- kw-ÿm-\-ß-fpw-Dƒ-s∏-Sp-∂- -c-W-hy-h-ÿ-sb- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°p-∂- t]-cv-:-(F-)- tIm-a-¨-sh¬-Øv- -(_n-)- dn-∏-ªn-Iv-(kn-)- Izm-kn-˛-s^-U-d¬- -(Un-)- bq-Wn-‰-dn-

60.- -tZ-io-b- Nn-”-Øn¬- A-tim-I- Nn-X-Øn-s‚- h-e-Xp-`m-K-Øv- Im-Wp-∂- ar-Kw-:-(F-)- I-Sp-h- -(_n-)- Im-f-(kn-)- Ip-Xn-c- -(Un-)- B-\-

61.- -H-∂n-e-[n-Iw- sX-t°- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬- Hu-tZym-Kn-I- `m-j-bm-bn- D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv-:-(F-)- sX-ep-¶v- -(_n-)- X-an-gv-(kn-)- I-∂-U- -(Un-)- sIm-¶-Wn-

62.- -h-S-°p- In-g-°-≥ C-¥y-bn-se- F-X- kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬-°q-Sn-bm-Wv- D-Ø-cm-b-\- tc-J- I-S-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xv-?-(F-)- 5 -(_n-)- 7

(kn-)- 4 -(Un-)- 263.- -1947 Hm-K-Ãv- 15 \v- Ir-]-em-\n- `-c-W-L-S-\m- \n¿-am-W-

k-`-bn¬- B-e-]n-®- Km-\w-:-(F-)- P-\-K-W-a-\- -(_n-)- h-tµ-am-X-cw-(kn-)- km-tc- P-lmw-tk- A-—m--(Un-)- c-Lp-]-Xn- cm-L-h- cm-Pm-dmw-

64.- -^v-fm-Kv- tIm-Uv- ]-Im-cw- C-¥y-≥ tZ-io-b- ]-Xm-I- \n¿-an-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈- G-‰-hpw- Ip-d-™- \o-fw-:-(F-)- 6300 an.-ao.- -(_n-)- 4200 an.-ao.-(kn-)- 100 an.-ao.- -(Un-)- 150 an.-ao.-

65.- -N-cn-X-]-c-hpw- kmw-kv-Im-cn-I-hp-am-b- Im-c-W-ß-fm¬- -c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS- F- mw- sj-Uyq-fn¬- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øn-b- m-j- G-Xm-Wv-?-(F-)- ln-µn- -(_n-)- Cw-•o-jv- -(kn-)- kw-kv-Ir-Xw- -(Un-)- kn-‘n-

66.- -k-ºq¿-Æ- ]m-Y-an-I- hn-Zym- ym-kw- F-∂- tI-c-f-Øn-s‚-t\-´-Øn-\p- ]n-∂n¬- ]-h¿-Øn-®- ]-ÿm-\w- G-Xv-?-(F-)- K-Ÿ-im-em- kw-Lw--(_n-)- sse-_-dn- Iu-¨-kn¬-(kn-)- en-‰-d-kn- an-j-≥ -(Un-)- Ip-Spw-_-io-

67.- -Ãm-≥Uv- A-]v- C-¥y-≥ an-j-≥ e-£y-an-Sp-∂-Xv- G-Xv-hn-`m-K-Øn¬- kw-cw-`-I-sc- kr-jv-Sn-°-em-Wv-?-(F-)- Km-ao-W¿- -(_n-)- h-\n-X-Iƒ-(kn-)- Ip-ń-Iƒ- -(Un-)- ]-ń-I-hn-`m-Kw-

68.- -I¿-j-I¿-°p-th-≠n- B-cw-`n-®- B-Zy-sØ- sS-en-hn-j-≥Nm-\¬-:-(F-)- I¿-j-I-Z¿-i-≥ -(_n-)- Ir-jn-`m-c-Xn-(kn-)- Un.-Un.- In-km-≥ -(Un-)- k-a-jv-Sn-

69.- -F-√m-h¿-°pw- _m-¶v- A-°u-≠v- F-∂- e-£y-Øn-\m-bn- B-cw-`n-®- tI-µ- k¿-°m¿- ]-≤-Xn-:-(F-)- ]-[m-\-a-¥n- P-≥[-≥ tbm-P-\- -(_n-)- kp-I-\y- k-ar-≤n-tbm-P-\-(kn-)- ta-°v- C-≥ C-¥y--(Un-)- ]-[m-\-a-¥n- kp-c-£m- tbm-P-\-

70.- -kp-K-ay- `m-c-Xv- A-`n-bm-\n-eq-sS- e-£y-an-Sp-∂-Xv- G-Xv-hn-`m-K-Øn-s‚- t£-a-am-Wv-?-(F-)- hn-[-h-Iƒ- -(_n-)- A-\m-Y¿-(kn-)- `n-∂-ti-jn-°m¿- -(Un-)- h-\n-X-Iƒ-

71.- -C.-Fw.-F-kv.- -h-\- \n¿-Ωm-W- ]-≤-Xn-°v- Xp-S-°w- Ip-dn-®-Xv- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-?-(F-)- sIm-S-I-c- -(_n-)- \n-e-ºq¿-(kn-)- N-S-b-aw-K-ew- -(Un-)- am-\m-©n-d-

72.- -B-kq-X-W- I-Ωn-j-s‚- A-h-km-\-sØ- D-]m-[y-£-≥:-(F-)- \-c-knw-l-dm-hp- -(_n-)- a-≥tam-l-≥ kn-Mv-(kn-)- sam-t≠-Kv-kn-ßv- A-ep-hm-en-b- -(Un-)- \-tc-µ-tam-Zn-

73.- -Xm-sg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-bn¬- C-¥y-bp-sS- k-ao-]-a-√m-Ø- Zo-]p-cm-jv-Sw- G-Xv-?-(F-)- am-en-Zzo-]v- -(_n-)- io-e-¶-(kn-)- C-s¥m-\n-jy- -(Un-)- ^n-en-ss∏-≥kv-

74.- -\m-fm-K-a-ßƒ- c-Nn-®-Xm-cv-?-(F-)- Ip-am-c-\m-im-≥ -(_n-)- N-´-ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ-(kn-)- ]-Wv-Un-‰v- I-dp-∏-≥ -(Un-)- Nm-h-d-b-®-≥

75.- -[¿-a-`-S-kw-Lw- ÿm-]n-®-Xm-cv-?-(F-)- hm-Kv-`-Sm-\-µ-≥ -(_n-)- Sn.-sI.-am-[-h-≥(kn-)- kn.-tI-i-h-≥ -(Un-)- B¿.-i-¶¿-

76.- -\-K-c-ß-fn-se- ku-I-cy-ßƒ- Km-a-ß-fn-epw- \-S-∏m-°p-I- F-∂- e-£y-hp-am-bn- B-hn-jv-I-cn-®- ]p-c- ]-≤-Xn-bp-sS- B-i-bw- ap-t∂m-´p-h-®-Xv-:-(F-)- F.-_n.-hm-Pv-t]-bn- -(_n-)- \-tc-µ-tam-Zn-(kn-)- a-≥tam-l-≥kn-ßv-(Un-)- F.-]n.-sP.- A-_v-Zpƒ- I-emw-

77.- -km-cm-\m-Yn¬- A-tim-I- N-I-h¿-Øn- ÿm-]n-®- knw-l- kv-Xw-`-Øn¬- F-X- knw-l-ß-fm-Wp-≈-Xv-?-(F-)- aq-∂v- -(_n-)- \m-ev-(kn-)- A-©v- -(Un-)- B-dv-

78.- -C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬- hn-kv-Xo¿-Æ-Øn¬- tI-c-fw-I-gn-™m¬- sXm-´-Sp-Ø- ÿm-\w- G-Xn-\m-Wv-?-(F-)- ta-Lm-e-b- -(_n-)- a-Wn-∏q¿-(kn-)- an-skm-dw- -(Un-)- \m-Km-em-≥Uv-

79.- -[o-c-X-bv-°p-≈- c-≠m-a-sØ- D-∂-X- _-lp-a-Xn-:-(F-)- a-lm-ho¿-N-I- -(_n-)- ]-c-a-ho-c-N-I-(kn-)- Io¿-Øn-N-I- -(Un-)- iu-cy-N-I-

80.- -C-¥y-bn¬- I-Sp-I-hƒ- Im-W-s∏-Sm-Ø- ]-tZ-iw-:-(F-)- sX-°v- -(_n-)- In-g-°v-(kn-)- h-S-°p-]-Sn-™m-dv- -(Un-)- h-S-°p-In-g-°v-

81.- -tI-c-f- k¿-°m-cn-s‚- ar-X-k-Rv-Po-h-\n- ]-≤-Xn- F-¥p-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p-?-(F-)- Iym-≥k¿- tcm-Kn-Iƒ-°v- [-\-k-lm-bw- -(_n-)- A-h-b-h-Zm-\w-(kn-)- F-®v.-sF.-hn.- _m-[n-X¿-°v- k-lm-bw- -(Un-)- A-hn-hm-ln-X-cm-b- am-Xm-°ƒ-°v- k-lm-bw-

82.- -B-[m-dn-s‚- tem-tKm- cq-]-I-ev-]-\- sN-bv-X-Xm-cv-?-(F-)- D-Z-b-Ip-am¿- -(_n-)- dm-Wm- ù-an-Iv-(kn-)- A-Xp¬- ]m-Wv-sU- -(Un-)- Ir-Xn- Xn-hm-cn-

83.- -G-Xv- ]-[m-\-a-¥n-bp-sS- Im-e-Øm-Wv- A-tim-Iv- ta-Ø-

I-Ωn-‰n-sb- \n-tbm-Kn-®-Xv-?-(F-)- P-hm-l¿-em¬- s\-lp- -(_n-)- C-µn-c- Km-‘n-(kn-)- cm-Po-hv- Km-‘n- -(Un-)- sam-dm¿-Pn- tZ-im-bn-

84.- -ln-µp- h-f¿-®m- \n-c-°v- F-∂- ]-tbm-K-Øn-s‚- D-]-⁄m-Xm-hv-?-(F-)- sI.-F-≥.-cm-Pv- -(_n-)- ]n.-kn.-a-l-e-t\m-_n-kv-(kn-)- Fw.-hn-tiz-iz-c-ø- -(Un-)- cm-Pv-Ir-jv-W-

85.- -Xn-cp-hn-Xm-Iq¿- tN-c-a¿- a-lm-k-`-bp-sS- ÿm-]-I-≥:-(F-)- s]m-bv-I-bn¬- tbm-l-∂m-≥ -(_n-)- ]m-ºm-Sn- tPm-¨-tPm-k-^v-(kn-)- ]-Wv-Un-‰v- I-dp-∏-≥ -(_n-)- A-ø-¶m-fn-

86.- -io-`-´m-c-I-≥ F-∂- t]-cv- G-Xv- km-aq-ln-I- ]-cn-jv-I¿-Øm-hp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p-:-(F-)- io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp- -(_n-)- hm-Kv-`-Sm-\-µ-≥(kn) N-´-ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ- -(Un-)- B-K-am-\-µ-≥

87.- -B-cp-sS- B-flo-b- Kp-cp-hm-bn-cp-∂p- k-®n-Zm-\-µ- a-lm-cm-Pv-?-(F-)- _-lv-am-\-µ- in-h-tbm-Kn--(_n-)- ssX-°m-Sv- A-ø-(kn-)- ip-`m-\-µ- Kp-cp-tZ-h-≥ -(Un-)- ssh-Ip-Wv-T-kzm-an-Iƒ-

88.- -_-“-hn-Zym- kw-L-Øn-s‚- B-Zy- im-J- tI-c-f-Øn¬-F-hn-sbm-Wv- ]-h¿-Ø-\w- B-cw-`n-®-Xv-?-(F-)- ]m-e-°m-Sv- -(_n-)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv-(kn-)- H-‰-∏m-ew- -(Un-)- a-t©-cn-

89.- -Xm-sg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-bn¬- kzm-an- in-hm-\-µ- ]-c-a-lw-k-≥ÿm-]n-®- ]-ÿm-\w-:-(F-)- kn-≤-k-am-Pw- -(_n-)- [¿-a-`-S- kw-Lw-(kn-)- B-fl-hn-Zym-kw-Lw- -(Un-)- B-\-µ-a-Xw-

90.- -Xm-sg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-bn¬- aq-eq¿- ]-Zv-a-\m-`-∏-Wn-°-cp-sS- ]-Xm-[n-]-Xy-Øn¬- B-cw-`n-®- ]-kn-≤o-I-c-Ww-:-(F-)- a-e-bm-f- a-t\m-c-a- -(_n-)- am-Xr-`q-an-(kn-)- kz-tZ-im-`n-am-\n- -(Un-)- tI-c-f- Iu-ap-Zn-

91.- -]-tcm-]-Im-cn- F-gp-Xn-b-Xv-?-(F-)- a-‡n- X-ßƒ- -(_n-)- N-´-ºn- kzm-an-Iƒ-(kn-)- A-ø-¶m-fn- -(Un-)- sI.-cm-a-Ir-jv-W-]n-≈-

92.- -tI-c-fo-b- \m-b¿- k-am-Pw- ÿm-]n-®-Xv-:-(F-)- a-∂-Øv- ]-Zv-a-\m-`-≥ -(_n-)- kn.-Ir-jv-W-]n-≈-(kn-)- N-´-ºn- kzm-an-Iƒ- -(Un-)- sI.-]n.-tI-i-h-tam-t\m-≥

93.- -C-¥y-≥ Ãm-≥tU¿-Uv- k-a-bw- I-W-°p-∂-Xn-\v- B-[m-c-am-b- 82.-5 tc-Jmw-iw- I-S-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂- Im-°n-\-U- G-Xv- kw-ÿm-\-Øm-Wv-?-(F-)- D-Ø¿-]-tZ-iv- -(_n-)- a-[y-]-tZ-iv-(kn-)- B-‘-]-tZ-iv- -(Un-)- sX-e-¶m-\-

94.- -Xm-sg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-bn¬- A-¥m-cm-jv-S- A-Xn¿-Øn-bn-≈-kw-ÿm-\w- G-Xv-?-(F-)- O-Øn-kv-K-Vv- -(_n-)- Pm¿-J-Wv-Uv-(kn-)- l-cn-bm-\- -(Un-)- ]-©m-_v-

95.- -P-\-K-W-a-\-bv-°p- kw-Ko-Xw- ]-I¿-∂-Xv-:-(F-)- ]nw-K-en- sh-¶-ø- -(_n-)- cmw-kn-ßv- Xm-°q¿-(kn-)- _-¶nw-N-µ- Nm-‰¿-Pn- -(Un-)- a-lm-flm- Km-‘n-

96.- -Z-Z- \-K¿- l-th-en-bp-sS- X-e-ÿm-\w-:-(F-)- t]m¿-´v- ª-b¿- -(_n-)- Um-a-≥(kn-)- I-h-c-Øn- -(Un-)- kn¬-hm-k-

97.- -ap-Xp-Ip-fw- ]-kw-Kw- B-cp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p-?-(F-)- kn.-tI-i-h-≥ -(_n-)- a-∂-Øv- ]-Zv-a-\m-`-≥(kn-)- k-tlm-Z-c-≥ A-ø-∏-≥ -(Un-)- C-h-cm-cp-a-√-

98.- -a-e-bm-fn- sa-tΩm-dn-b-en-s\-Xn-sc- F-Xn¿- sa-tΩm-dn-b¬-k-a¿-∏n-°m-≥ t\-Xr-Xzw- \¬-In-b-Xv-:-(F-)- sN-t¶m-´- cm-a-ø¿- -(_n-)- a-t©-cn- cm-a-ø¿-(kn-)- kn.-]n.- cm-a-kzm-an- A-ø¿- -(Un-)- C-h-cm-cp-a-√-

99.- -C-¥y-bp-sS- \n-b-a-\n¿-Ωm-W- ]-In-b-bp-sS- B-i-b-ßƒ-G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- I-Sw-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øp-\n-∂m-Wv-?-(F-)- _n-´-¨- -(_n-)- bp.-F-kv.-F.-(kn-)- Im-\-U- -(Un-)- ^m-≥kv-

100.- -hn-kv-Xo¿-Æm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep-≈- tem-I- cm-Py-ß-fp-sS-A-h-tcm-l-W- I-a-Øn-ep-≈- ]-ń-I-bn¬- C-¥y-bp-sS-sXm-´p- ap-I-fn¬- G-Xp- cm-Py-am-Wv- ?-(F-)- Im-\-U- -(_n-)- _-ko¬-(kn-)- Hm-kv-tS-en-b- -(Un-)- A¿-P-‚o-\-

Answers1(b) 2(c) 3(a) 4(d) 5(d) 6(a) 7(b) 8(b) 9(d) 10(c) 11(d)12(b) 13(c) 14(c) 15(d) 16(c) 17(d) 18(b) 19(c) 20(d)21(a) 22(b) 23(c) 24(c) 25(d) 26(b) 27(c) 28(b) 29(d)30(c) 31(b) 32(a) 33(c) 34(c) 35(a) 36(c) 37(a) 38(c)39(b) 40(c) 41(d) 42(c) 43(a) 44(d) 45(b) 46(b) 47(c)48(d) 49(b) 50(d) 51(a) 52(b) 53(d) 54(d) 55(c) 56(b)57(b) 58(d) 59(c) 60(b) 61(a) 62(d) 63(b) 64(d) 65(c)66(c) 67(d) 68(c) 69(a) 70(c) 71(a) 72(c) 73(d) 74(d)75(b) 76(d) 77(b) 78(a) 79(a) 80(c) 81(b) 82(c) 83(d)84(d) 85(b) 86(c) 87(b) 88(a) 89(a) 90(d) 91(a) 92(b)93(c) 94(d) 95(b) 96(d) 97(b) 98(a) 99(a) 100(c)

12 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2016 Pq - 1

C¥y≥ kwÿm-\-ßƒ

]›na _wKmƒHcp- `m-K-Øv- ln-am-e-b-hpw- a-dp-`m-K-Øv- k-ap-Z-hp-ap-≈- G-I- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\-am-Wv- ]-›n-a- _w-Kmƒ.- P-\m-[n-]-Xy-]-In-b-bn-eq-sS- Xn-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´- I-ayp-Wn-Ãv - `-c-W-Iq-Sw- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Im-ew- `-c-Ww- \-S-Øn-b- ]-tZ-iw- (1977˛-2011) - F-∂- ]-tXy-I-X-bpw- A-Xn-\v - kz-¥-am-Wv. - C-¥y-bn¬- _n-ń -jv - B-[n-]-Xy-Øn-s‚- Xp-S-°w- _w-Km-fn -em-bn-cp-∂p.- G-sd-°m-ew- _n-ń -jv -A-[n-Im-c- tI-µ-am-bn-cp-∂- hw-K-tZ-i-Øn-\v - sIm-tfm-Wn-b¬- `-c-W-Øn-s‚- ti-jn-∏p-I-fpw- kz-¥-am-Wv. - C-¥y-bn¬- \-thm-∞m-\-Øn-\v - Xp-S-°-an-´- _w-Km-fm-Wv- G-jy-°v- H-cp- s\m-t_¬- tP-Xm-hn-s\- B-Zy-am-bn- k-Ωm-\n-®-Xv. - _w-Km-fn -s\- kw-_-‘n-®- km-aq-ln-I-˛-cm-jv -So -b-˛-kmw-kv -Im-cn -I-˛-`q-an -im-kv -X- k-hn-ti-j-X-I-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv- \-Ωƒ- Cu- e-°w- I-S-∂p- t]m-Ip-∂Xv.

B¿.-kn.-kp-tc-jvIp-am¿[email protected]

BZytØXv* C-¥y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn- tIm-´-¨-an¬,- sS-e-

t^m- ,- en- v-‰v,- P-\-d¬- t]m-tÃm- o-kv,-ayq-kn-bw,- tIm-tf-Pv- (t^m¿- v- hn-eyw-)- ,-h-\n-Xm- tIm-tf-Pv- (t_-Xp-¨- tIm-tf-Pv-),-kn-\n-am-lmƒ- (F¬-^n-≥Ã-¨- ]n-Iv-N¿-]m-e-kv-)- F-∂n-h- ÿm-]n-®-Xv- sIm¬-°-Ø-bn-em-Wv.-

*- -_n-ó-jv- `-c-W-Im-e-Øv- K-h¿-W¿- P-\-d-en-s‚- Hu-tZym-Kn-I- h-k-Xn-bn-em-Wv- B-Zy- en-^v-‰v- ÿm-]n-°-s∏-´-Xv.- Cu- a-µn-cw- C-t∏mƒ- ]-›nw- _w-K-bn-se- cm-Pv-`-h-\m-Wv.-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- I¬-°-cn-J-\n-˛-

dm-Wn-K-Rv-Pv-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- im-kv-X-\-K-cw-˛- sIm¬°Ø (lq•nbpsS XocØv)

* C¥y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn- tIm-´-¨- an¬- ÿm-]n-°-s∏-´-Xv- sIm¬-°-Ø-bn-se- t^m¿-´v- t•m-Ã-dn-em-Wv- (1818).- B-[p-\n-I- co-

Xn-bn-ep-≈- ]-cp-Øn-an¬- 1854˛¬- apw-ss_-bn-em-Wv- Xp-S-ßn-b-Xv.-

*- -C-¥y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn- sa-tSm- sd-bn¬-th-(1984)- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂-Xv-˛- sIm¬°Ø(c≠matØXv \yqU¬lnbn¬)

* 1854˛¬- C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- N-W-an¬-ÿm-]n-® ÿew˛ dnjvd

* C¥ybnse BZysØ B[p\nIt]∏¿an¬ 1832˛¬ ÿm]n°s∏´Xv˛sklvdmw]q¿

* C¥y-bn¬- sN-°v- k-º-Zm-bw- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-b- BZy _m¶v˛ _wKmƒ _m¶v(1784)

* C¥ybnse BZysØ ]mcnÿnXnI_©v ÿm]n® sslt°mSXn˛I¬°´ sslt°mSXn

* C¥ybnse BZysØ _m¶v˛ _m¶vHm v lnµpÿm≥, sIm¬°Ø (1770),1832˛¬ ]h¿Ø\w \ne®p. Xo¿ØpwXt±iobamb BZy _m¶v Ael_mZv(bp.-]n.) _m¶mWv (1865).

* C¥ybnse BZysØ s]¨]-≈n-°q-Sw˛ sIm¬°-Ø-bn¬ 1789-˛¬ Bcw-`n® sk‚ v tXmakv tKƒkv kvIqƒ

* C¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- h-\n-Xm- tIm-tf-Pm-b- t_-Xq- - tIm-tf-Pv- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂-Xv- sIm¬-°-Ø-bn-em-Wv- (1879).- H-cp- kv-Ip-fm-bn- m-Wv- 1849˛¬- C-Xv- B-cw- n-®-Xv.-kv -Iqƒ- ÿm-] - - n® John ElliotDrinkwater Bethune (1801-1851) s‚t]-cn-em-Wv- A-Xv- A-dn-b-s∏-´-Xv.- Cu-iz-c-N-µ-hn-Zym-km-K-dpw- Zzm-c-Im-\m-Yv- hn-Zym-`q-j-Wpw- B-Zy-sØ- c-≠p- Z-im-_v-Z-ß-fn¬- Cu- ÿm-]-\-Øn-\v- i-‡-am-b- ]n-¥p-W- \¬-In-bn-cp-∂p.-

* C¥ybnse BZysØ mjm-]-XamWv1818 sabv 23-˛\v skdmw-]q¿ anj≥]kn¬\n-∂v- _w-Km-fn-bn¬- ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®- k-am-Nm¿- Z¿-∏-¨.-

*- -]-›n-a-_w-Km-fn-se- lu-d-bn-em-Wv- C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- B-[p-\n-I- ]-´p-\n¿-am-W-im-e- B-cw-`n-®-Xv- (1832).-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- hn-c-e-S-bm-f- _yq-td-m Bcw`n® ÿew˛ sIm¬°Ø

* ap-Jy-a-¥n-]-Zw- h-ln-®- B-Zy- kz-X-¥-≥ ]-^p-√- N-µ- tLm-jv- (1967˛-68)- B-Wv.- ]-›n-a- _w-Km-fn-se- B-Zy-sØ- ap-Jy-a-¥n-bpw- A-t±-l-am-bn-cp-∂p- (1947˛-48).- B- k-a-b-Øv- A-t±-lw- C-¥y-≥ \m-j-W¬- tIm-¨-K-kn-em-bn-cp-∂p.-

*- -B-Zy-sØ- _w-Kmƒ- K-h¿-W¿- kn.-cm-P-tKm-]m-em-Nm-cn- B-bn-cp-∂p.-

*- -_n-´-Wp- ]p-d-Øv- tKmƒ-^v- ¢-_v- ÿm-]n-X-am-b- B-Zy- \-K-c-am-Wv- sIm¬-°-Ø.-Cu- \-K-cw- C-¥y-bn¬- d-Kv-_n- bq-Wn-b-s‚- X-e-ÿm-\w- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.-

*- -C-¥y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn- ]-Xw- A-®-Sn-®-Xv-sIm¬-°-Ø-bn-em-Wv- (1780).- _w-Kmƒ-K-k-‰v- A-Y-hm- I¬-°-´- P-\-d¬- A-ssUz¿-ss´-k¿- F-∂v- t]-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-]-X-Øn-s‚- D-]-⁄m-Xm-hv- P-bnw-kv- A-K-kv-X-kv- ln-°n- B-bn-cp-∂p.-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- m-jm-]-X-am-Wv-1818 sa-bv- 23˛-\v- sk-dmw-]q¿- an-j-≥ ]-kn¬-\n-∂v- _w-Km-fn-bn¬- ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®- k-am-Nm¿- Z¿-∏-¨.-

*- -C-¥y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn- k-_v- th- kw-hn-[m-\w- B-hn-jv-I-cn-°-s∏-´- \-K-c-am-Wv-sIm¬-°-Ø- (1986).-

*- -sIm¬-°-Ø- ap-X¬- U-b-a-≠v- lm¿-_¿-h-sc-bm-Wv- C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- sS-e-Km-^v- sse-≥ ÿm-]n-®-Xv.-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- t\-X-_m-¶v-ÿm-]n-X-am-b- \-K-c-am-Wv- sIm¬-°-Ø.-

*- -Km-\v-[n-Pn- ]-s¶-Sp-Ø- B-Zy-sØ- tIm-¨-K-kv- k-tΩ-f-\-am-Wv- 1901se- sIm¬-°-Ø- k-tΩ-f-\w.-

*- -_n- o-jp-Im¿- C-¥y-bn¬- ÿm-]n-®- B-Zy-sØ- bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-‰n- I¬-°- -bn-em-Wv.-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- B¿-´v- Km-e-dn-1814˛¬- ÿm-]n-X-am-b-Xv- sIm¬-°-Ø-bn-em-Wv.-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- Ão¬- πm-‚ v- A-b-¨- h¿-°v- I-º-\n- 1870˛¬- _w-Km-fn-se- Ipƒ-ń-bn¬- ÿm-]n-®-Xm-Wv.- F-∂m¬- h-≥tXm-Xn-ep-≈- D¬-]m-Z-\w- B-cw-`n-®-Xv- Sm-‰- A-b-¨- B-‚ v- Ão¬- I-º-\n- 1907˛¬- Pw-j-Uv-]q-cn¬- ]-h¿-Ø-\w- Xp-S-ßn-b-tXm-sS-bm-Wv.-

*- -C-¥y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn- sa-Un-°¬- tIm-tf-Pv- ÿm-]n-®-Xv- (1835)- sIm¬-°-Ø-bn-em-Wv.- K-h¿-W¿- P-\-d¬- hn-eyw- s_-‚n-°m-Wv- ÿm-]n-®-Xv.-

*- -1942˛¬- I¬-°- -bn-em-Wv- C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- ª-Uv- _m-¶v- ÿm-]n-X-am-b-Xv.-

*- -kz-X-¥- C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- aƒ-ń-]¿-∏-kv- t]m-P-Iv-Sv- B-Wv- Zm-tam-Z¿- hm-en- tIm¿-∏-td-j-≥ .-bp-F-kv-F-bn-se- sS-∂n-kn- hm-en- A-tXm-cn-‰n-bp-sS- am-Xr-I-

hn-Iv-tSm-dn-b satΩm-dn-b¬ _n¬-Un-Mv--

2016 Pq - 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 13

bn-em-Wv- C-Xv- \n¿-an-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- Cu-]-≤-Xn-bp-sS- m-K-am-b- B-Zy-sØ- A-W-s°- v- Zm-tam-Z-dn-s‚- t]m-j-I-\-Zn-bm-b- _-cm-I-dn¬- 1953˛¬- \n¿-an-®- Xn-e-ø- A-W-s°-´v- B-Wv.-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- sS-Ãv- Syq-_v- in-ip- Zp¿-K-bm-Wv- (Im-\p-]n-b- A-K¿-hmƒ-).-1978 H-Iv-tSm-_¿- aq-∂n-\v- sIm¬-°-Ø-bn¬- P-\n-®- Zp¿-K- P-\-\-Øn-\v- ssh-Zy-im-kv-X-]n-¥p-W- \¬-In-b-Xv- tUm.-kp-`m-jv- ap-tJm-]m-[ym-b- B-bn-cp-∂p.- tem-I-Øn-se- c-≠m-a-sØ- sS-Ãv- Syq-_v- in-ip-hm-Wv- Zp¿-K.- 63 Zn-h-kw- ap-ºv- P-\n-®-(1978 Pq-sse- 25)- eq-bn- _u-¨- B-Wv-tem-I-Øn-se- B-Zy- sS-Ãv- Syq-_v- in-ip.-A¿-l-am-b- Aw-Ko-Im-cw- In-´m-Ø-Xn¬-\n-cm-i-\m-b- tUm.-kp- m-jv- ap-tJm-]m-[ym-b- B-fl-l-Xy- sN-øp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.-]-i-kv-X- _w-Km-fn- kw-hn-[m-b-I-≥ X-]-≥ kn-≥l- tUm-Iv-S-dp-sS- Po-hn-Xw- G-Iv- tUm-Iv-S¿- In- tam-Øv- F-∂- t]-cn¬-

N-e-®n-Xw- B-°n-bn-´p-≠v.-*- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy- sF.-sF.-Sn.- (C-¥y-

≥ C-≥Ãn-‰yq- v- Hm- v- sS-Iv-t\m-f-Pn-)- ÿm-]n-X-am-b-Xv- J-c-Kv-]q-cn-em-Wv.-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- sF.-sF.-C.-F-kv.-Sn.- (C-¥y-≥ C-≥Ãn-‰yq-´v- Hm-^v- F-©n-\n-b-dn-Mv- B-‚ v- sS-Iv-t\m-f-Pn-)- ÿm-]n-X-am-b-Xv- ]-›n-a- _w-Km-fn-se- jn-_v-]q-cn-em-Wv.-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- ssh-˛-ss^- sa-tSm- \-K-cw- sIm¬-°-Ø-bm-Wv.-

*- -1897˛¬- Um¿-Pn-en-Mn-se- kn-Um-t]m-Mn-em-Wv- C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- P-e-ssh-Zyp-X- ]-≤-Xn- ÿm-]n-®-Xv.- ssh-Zyp-Xo-I-cn-°-s∏- - B-Zy- ÿ-e-hpw- Um¿-Pn-en-Mm-Wv- (1897).- sIm¬-°-Ø- 1898˛¬- ssh-Zyp-Xo-I-cn-°-s∏-´p.-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- h-\n-Xm- tIm-S-Xn- ÿm-]n-°-s∏-´- ÿ-e-am-Wv- am¬-U.-

*- -sam-ss_¬- t^m-¨- I-th-td-Pp-≈- B-Zy- C-¥y-≥ \-K-cw- sIm¬-°-Ø-bm-Wv-(1995 Pq-sse- 31).- A-∂-sØ- _w-Kmƒ-ap-Jy-a-¥n- tPym-Xn- _-kp,- tI-µ- I-ayp-Wn-t°-j-≥ a-¥n- kp-Jv-dm-an-s\- hn-fn-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv- sam-ss_¬- k¿-ho-kv- D-Zv-Lm-S-\w- sN-bv-X-Xv.- tam-Zn- sS¬-kv-S- B-bn-cp-∂p- tk-h-\-Zm-Xm-hv.- t\m-°n-b- B-

bn-cp-∂p- A-∂v- tam-Zn- sS¬-kv-S-bp-sS- km-t¶-Xn-I- ]-¶m-fn.- sam-ss_¬-s\-‰v- F-∂-t]-cn-em-bn-cp-∂p- ]-h¿-Ø-\w.- tam-Zn-sS¬-kv-S- ]n-∂o-Sv- kv-ss]-kv- sam-ss_¬-F-∂v- t]-cp-am-‰n.- C-¥y-≥ I-º-\n-bm-b-tam-Zn- Kq-∏n-s‚-bpw- Hm-kv-tS-en-b-≥ I-º-\n-bm-b- sS¬-kv-S-bp-sS-bpw- kw-bp-‡-kw-cw-`-am-bn-cp-∂p- tam-Zn- sS¬-kv-S.-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- F-b¿- I-≠n-j-≥Uv- U-_nƒ- sU-°¿- sS-bn-≥ Hm-Sn-b-Xv- lu-d-bv-°pw- [-≥_m-Zn-\pw- C-S-bv-°m-Wv- (2011).-

*- -_w-Km-fn-s‚- B-Zy- h-\n-Xm- ap-Jy-a-¥n-bm-Wv- a-a-X- _m-\¿-Pn- (2011).- _w-Km-fn-s‚- B-Zy- h-\n-Xm- K-h¿-W¿- ]-Zv-a-Pm- \m-bn-Up- (1956).-

*- -4Pn- kv-]o-Un¬- C-¥y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn- ssh-˛-ss^- kw-hn-[m-\-ta¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-b- \-K-cw- sIm¬-°-Ø-bm-Wv- (2015).-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- kz-Im-cy- Ko-≥ô¬-Uv- hn-am-\-Øm-h-f-am-Wv- Zp¿-Km-

∏q-cn-\v- k-ao-]-ap-≈- A-≥U¬.-*- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- In-°-‰v- ¢-_v-

ÿm-]n-X-am-b-Xv- 1792˛¬- sIm¬-°-Ø-bn-em-Wv- (I¬-°-´- In-°-‰v- ¢-_v-).-

*- -ssh-˛-ss^- tkm-Wp-am-bn- _-‘n-°-s∏-´- C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- tdm-Um-Wv- cm-Pm¿-l-´v.-

*- -I¬-°-´- k¿-h-I-em-im-e-bp-sS- ssh-kv-Nm-≥k-k-e-dm-bn-cp-∂- A-ip-tXm-jv- ap-J¿-Pn-bp-sS- A-[y-£-X-bn-em-Wv- C-¥y-≥ k-b-≥kv- tIm- -K-kn-s‚- B-Zy- tbm-Kw- 1914 P-\p-h-cn-bn¬- sIm¬-°-Ø-bn¬-\-S-∂-Xv.- F-√m- h¿-j-hpw- P-\p-h-cn- B-Zy-hm-c-Øn-em-Wv- C-¥y-≥ k-b-≥kv- tIm-¨-K-kv- k-tΩ-fn-°p-∂-Xv.-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-Ø- tUmƒ-^n-≥ I-Ωyq-Wn-‰n- dn-k¿-hv- ˛-]-›n-a- _w-Kmƒ-

*- -s]m-Xp-ÿ-e-ß-fn¬- a-e-hn-k¿-P-\-an-√m-Ø- cm-Py-sØ- B-Zy- Pn-√-bm-bn- ]-Jym-]n-®-Xv- \-Zn-b- Pn-√-sb-bm-Wv- (2015).-

*- -C-¥y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn- sa-Un-°¬- hn-Zym- ym-kw- \¬-Ip-∂- cm-Py-sØ- B-Zy-sØ- F-©n-\n-b-dn-Mv- hn-Zym- ym-k- ÿm-]-\-am-Wv-J-c-Kv-]q¿- sF.-sF.-Sn.-

*- -a-c-ßƒ-°v- Xn-cn-®-dn-b¬- Im¿-Uv- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-b- cm-Py-sØ- B-Zy-sØ- \-K-c-k-`-bm-Wv- sIm-∂-K¿.-

*- -C-¥y-bn¬- B-Zy-am-bn- I-d-≥kn- _n¬-A-®-Sn-®-Xv- sIm¬-°-Ø-bn-em-Wv.-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- tKmƒ-^v- ¢-_v-ÿm-]n-°-s∏- -Xv- sIm¬-°-Ø-bn-em-Wv.

kq∏¿te‰ohpIƒ* sIm¬°Øbnse kpthmfPn°¬

Km¿U≥kmWv C¥ybnse G‰hpwhenb arKime.

* temIØnse G‰hpw Xnc°pIqSnb]meamWv sIm¬°Øbnse lud]mew (c_oµ tkXp). CXv lq•n°vIpdpsIbmWv.

* C¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- Xq-°p-]m-ew˛ lud ]mew (c_oµ tkXp)

* C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- sse-_-dn-˛ sIm¬-°-Ø-bn-se- \m-j-W¬- sse-_-dn- (1948˛¬- ÿm-]n-X-am-bn.- _¬-h-tU¿- F-tÃ-‰n¬- ]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂p-)-

* temIØnse G‰hpw henb U¬‰˛kpµ¿_≥kv

* tem-I-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- \-Zo-P-\y-I-≠¬-°m-S-v˛ kpµ¿_≥kv (KwK- -_-“-]p-X- \-Zn-I-fp-sS- sU¬-‰m- ]-tZ-i-Øm-Wn-Xv-)-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- s_m-´m-Wn-°¬- Km¿-U≥kv˛ \m-j-W¬- s_m-´m-Wn-°¬- Km¿-U-≥kv,- sIm¬-°-Ø-

* C¥ybn¬ G‰hpw IqSpX¬ ImewapJya¥n]ZØn¬ XpS¿∂ t\Xmhv˛

tPymXn_kp (kn.]n.Fw.-t\-Xm-hv.- 1977Pq-¨- 20 ap-X¬- Xp-S¿-®-bm-bn- 23 h¿-jw- _w-Km-fn-se- C-S-Xp-]-£- k¿-°m-cn¬- ap-Jy-a-¥n-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- 2000 \-hw-_¿- \m-en-\v- B-tcm-Ky-]-c-am-b- Im-c-W-ß-fm¬- ÿm-\-sam-gn-™p.- C-t±-l-Øn-s‚- ]n-≥Km-an- _p-≤-tZ-hv- `-´m-Nm-cy)

* C¥ybn-se- G-‰-hpw- ]-g-°-ap-≈- ssl-t°m-S-Xn-˛- I¬°´ sslt°mSXn

* C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- ]-g-°-ap-≈- P-\-d¬-t]m-tÃm-ô-kv- sIm¬-°-Ø- Pn.-]n.-H.-B-Wv.- C-Xv- ÿm-]n-®-Xv- hm-d-≥ tl-Ãnw-Kv-km-Wv.-

* ]›n-a-_w-Kmƒ k¿°m-cns‚ G‰hpwDb¿∂ kmlnXy ]pc -kvImcw ˛c_oµ ]pc-kvImcw

* kt¥m-jv- tSm-^n- ^p-Sv-t_mƒ- Sq¿-W-sa-‚n¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- ]m-h-iyw- tP-Xm-°-fm-b- S-ow˛ _wKmƒ

* kzmX¥ye_v[nbpsS kabØv (1947)_nójv C¥ybnse G‰hpw henb(hnkvXo¿W-Ønepw P\-kw-Jy-bn-epw)s]mhn≥kv Bbncp∂Xv˛ _wKmƒ

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- ]-g-°-ap-≈- sa-Un-°¬- tIm-tf-Pv- sIm¬-°-Ø-bn-em-Wv.- C-¥y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn- B-[p-\n-I- ssh-Zy-hn-Zym-`ym-k-Øn-\p- Xp-S-°w- Ip-dn-®-Xv- C-hn-sS-bm-Wv-.

*- -C-¥y≥ ayq-kn-bw- sIm¬-°-Ø-bn-em-Wv.-G-jy-bn-se-X-s∂- G-‰-hpw- ]-g-°-ap-≈-ayq-kn-b-am-Wn-Xv- (1814).-

*- -G-jy-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- ]-g-°-ap-≈- ^p-Sv-t_mƒ- ¢-_p-I-fn-sem-∂m-b- sam-l-≥_-Km-s‚- B-ÿm-\w- sIm¬-°-Ø-bm-Wv.-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- ]-g-°-ap-≈- ssl-t°m-S-Xn-bm-Wv- I¬-°- - ssl-t°m-S-Xn.-

*- -C-¥y-bn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- ss]-Xr-I-a-µn-c-ß-fp-≈- \-K-c-am-Wv- sIm¬-°-Ø.-

*- -C-¥y-≥ Xp-d-ap-J-ß-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- ln-‚¿-em-≥Uv- D-≈- Xp-d-ap-Jw-sIm¬-°-Ø-bm-Wv- (H-cp- Xp-d-ap-J-Øn-s‚-]-tbm-P-\w- e- n-°p-∂- ]-tZ-i-am-Wv- ln-‚¿-em-≥Uv-)-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- K-Ÿm-e-b-am-b- \m-j-W¬- sse-_-dn- ]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂- sI-ń-Sw- H-cp-Im-e-Øv- K-h¿-W¿- P-\-d-en-s‚- h-k-Xn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.-

*- -C-¥y-bn¬- G-‰-hpw- D-b-c-Øn-ep-≈- (2,-258ao.-)-sd-bn¬-th- tÃ-j-\m-Wv- Lpw- (G-hum-).-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- In-°-‰v- tÃ-Un-b-am-Wv- Cu-U-≥ Km¿-U-≥kv.- 1865˛-em-Wv- C-Xv- \n¿-an-°-s∏-´-Xv.-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- tÃ-Un-bw-F-∂p- hn-ti-j-Ww- kz-¥-am-bn-cp-∂- bp-h- m-c-Xn- tÃ-Un-bw- A-Y-hm- km¬-‰v- te-Iv- tÃ-Un-b-Øn-s‚- ti-jn- 120000˛¬-\n-∂v- 68000 B-bn- 2015˛¬- Ip-d-®p.- sa-®-s∏-´- co-Xn-bn¬- C-cn-∏n-Sw- I-ao-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bm-bn-cp-∂p- C-Xv.-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- ]-g-°-ap-≈- hr-£w-lu-d-bn¬- B-Nm-cy- P-K-Zo-jv- N-µ-t_m-kv- C-¥y-≥ s_m-´m-Wn-Iv- Km¿-U-\n-se-B¬-a-c-am-Wv- (1250 h¿-jw-).- tem-I-Øv-G-‰-hpw- hn-kv-Xm-c-Øn¬- h-f-cp-∂- hr-£-am-bpw- C-Xn-s\- hn-ti-jn-∏n-®p-t]m-cp-∂p.-

*- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- sS-bn-\p-Iƒ- ssI-Im-cyw- sN-øp-∂- C-¥y-≥ sd-bn¬-th- tÃ-j-≥ lu-d-bm-Wv.-

*- -C-¥y-bn¬- C-∂v- ]-h¿-Ø-\-Øn-ep-≈-h-bn¬-h-®v- G-‰-hpw- ]-g-°-ap-≈- ta-P¿-t]m¿-´m-Wv- sIm¬-°-Ø.-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- ]-ªn-Iv- sse-_-dn-bm-Wv- sIm¬-°-Ø-bn-se- ]-ªn-Iv-sse-_-dn.-

*- -bp-ssW-‰-Uv- In-Mv-U-Øn-\p- sh-fn-bn¬-G-‰-hpw- ]-g-°-ap-≈- tKmƒ-^v- ¢-_v-sIm¬-°-Ø-bn-se-Xm-Wv.-

*- -A-ta-cn-°-≥ tÃ-‰v- Un-∏m¿- v-sa-‚n-s‚- G-

lu-d

14 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2016 Pq - 1

‰-hpw- ]-g-°-ap-≈- c-≠m-a-sØ- tIm-¨-kp-te-‰v- sIm¬-°-Ø-bn-em-Wv.- 1792 em-Wv- C-Xv- ÿm-]n-°-s∏-´-Xv.-

*- -1898 ¬- B-cw-`n-®- I¬-°-´- ^p-Sv-t_mƒ-eo-Kv- G-jy-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- ]-g-°-ap-≈-^p-Sv-t_mƒ- eo-Km-Wv.-

*- -tem-I-Øv- G-‰-hpw- ]-g-°-ap-≈- c-≠m-a-sØ- ^p-Sv-t_mƒ- ¢-_v- I¬-°-´- In-°-‰v- ¢-∫m-Wv.-

*- -C-∂v- \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂-Xn¬- G-‰-hpw- ]-g-°-ap-≈- t]m-tfm- ¢-_v- I¬-°- - t]m-tfm-¢-∫m-Wv.-

*- -G-jy-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- πm-\-t‰m-dn-bw- sIm¬-°-Ø-bn-e-m-Wv.-

* U¬-ln- I-gn-™m¬- G-‰-hpw- hn-kv-Xo¿-Æw- Iq-Sn- C-¥y-≥ \-K-cw- sIm¬-°-Ø-bm-Wv.-

* _nójv C¥-y-bpsS Xe-ÿm-\-am-bn-cp∂ ImeØv e≠≥ Ign -™m¬_nójv kmam-P-yØnse G‰hpw][m-\-s∏´ \K-c-am-bn-cp-∂p I¬°´.

A]c\maßƒ/]gb t]cp-Iƒ

* sIm´mcßfpsS \Kcw˛ sIm¬°Ø* kn‰n Hm^v tPmbv F∂dnbs∏Sp∂Xv˛

sIm¬°Ø* _wKmfns‚ ZpxJwF∂dnbs∏Sp∂

\Zn˛ ZmtamZ¿* sIm¬-°-Ø-sb- In-g-°-≥ C-¥y-bp-sS-

hm-Wn-Py- X-e-ÿm-\w- F-∂p- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°p-∂p.-

*- -C-¥y-≥ ^p-Sv-t_m-fn-s‚- sa-°- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- sIm¬-°-Ø-bm-Wv-

*- -tKmƒ-U-≥ ss^-_¿- Hm-^v- C-¥y- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- N-W-am-Wv.-

*- -_w-Kmƒ- tI-k-cn- F-∂p- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-´- A-°m-Z-an-Iv- hn-Z-Kv-[-\m-Wv- A-ip-tXm-jv- ap-J¿-Pn.-

*- -I-\-Ø- a-en-\o-I-c-Ww- Im-c-Ww- _-tbm-f-Pn-°¬- sU-k¿-´v- A-Y-hm- ssP-h-a-cp-`q-an- F-∂p- hn-fn-°p-∂- C-¥y-≥ \-Zn-bm-Wv- Zm-tam-Z¿.-

*- -C-¥y-bp-sS- kmw-kv-Im-cn-I- X-e-ÿm-\w-˛-sIm¬-°-Ø.-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- \-thm-∞m-\-Øn-s‚- \m-Sv-F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- _w-K-m-fm-Wv.

][m\s∏´ hkvXpXIƒ* P¬Z]md h\yPohn kt¶Xw GXp

kwÿm\Øv˛ ]›na _wKmƒ* GXns‚ ssIhgnbmWv lq•n˛ KwK* NnØc-Rv-P-≥ tem-t°m-tam-ó-hv- ^m-Iv-

S -d n - G-Xp -kw -kv -Ym -\ -ØmWv ˛]›na_wKmƒ (kzm-X-¥y- k-a-c-tk-\m-\n- Nn-Ø-c-Rv-P-≥ Zm-kn-s‚- t]-cn¬-A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p-)-

*- -a -bq -cm -£n-]-≤-Xn -G-Xp -kw-ÿm-\-ØmWv˛ ]›na_wKmƒ

* Um¿PnenMv lnameb≥ sdbn¬thÿm]nXamb h¿jw˛ 1881

* ^dm°m _mtcPv GXp \ZnbnemWv˛KwK (H-cp- I-\m-en-eq-sS- sh-≈-sa-Øn-®v- lq-•n-\-Zn-bn-ep-≈- sIm¬-°-Ø- Xp-d-ap-J-Øn-s‚- K-Xm-K-X-tbm-Ky-X- h¿-[n-∏n-°m-\m-Wv- A-Xv- \n¿-an-®-Xv-)-

* lm¬Unb GXp \nebn¬ ]kn≤w˛FÆip≤oIcWime

* ^-dm-°- ]n-∂n-´v- _w-•m-tZ-in-se-Øp-tºmƒ- Kw-K- F-¥p-t]-cn-e-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p-- ]Zva

* sIm¬-°-Ø-bn¬-\n-∂v- 1870˛¬- B-cw-`n-®- kp-e-`v- k-am-Nm¿- F-∂- ]-X-Øn-s‚-B-Zy- F-Un-‰¿- D-am-\m-Yv- Kp-]v-X-bm-bn-cp-∂p.-

*- -Nu,- c-_o-µ- \r-Øy- F-∂n-h- _w-Km-fn-s‚- ]-[m-\- \r-Ø-cq-]-ß-fm-Wv.-

*- -_w-Km-fn-se- c-≠v- ]-[m-\- B-tLm-j-

ß-fm-Wv- Zp¿-Km-]q-P-bpw,- Im-fn- ]q-P-bpw.-Zo-]m-h-en,- h-k-¥- ]-©-an,- e-£v-an- ]q-P,- F-∂n-h-bpw- kw-ÿm-\-Øv- B-tLm-jn-°-s∏-S-p-∂p.

][m\ hy‡nIƒ* sIm¬-°-Ø- ]- -W-Øn-s‚- ÿm-]-I-≥˛

tPm_v Nm¿t\m°v (_nójpImc≥)* c_o-µ-\m-Yv - Sm-Kq¿- P-\n-®- ho-Sv -˛ -

sPdmkmt¶m `h\w* _w-Kmƒ- hn-`-P-\w- d-±m-°n-b- (1911)- _n-

ó-jv- cm-Pm-hv-˛- tPm¿Pv A©ma≥ (A-t∏m-g-sØ- ssh-tkm-bn- lm¿-Un-©v- ]-`p- c-≠m-a-≥)-

*- -Xr-W-aq¬- tIm-¨-K-kv- ÿm-]n-®-X-v˛aaXm _m\¿Pn

* A-]p-X-bw-(]-tY¿- ]m-Rv-P-en,- A-]-cm-Pn-X,- A-]p¿- k-≥km¿-)- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-kn-\n-a-Iƒ- \n¿-an-®-X-v kXy-PnXv td

* kz-tZ-in- ]-kv-Ym-\-Øn-s‚- Im-e-L-´-Øn¬- _w-Km-fn¬- sI-an-°¬- -^m-Iv-S-dn-ÿm-]n-®-Xv- B-Nm-cy- ]n.-kn.-td- B-Wv.-

* Km≥Uv- am-Ã¿- ]-Z-hn- t\-Sn-b- c-≠m-a-sØ- C-¥y-°m-c-\m-Wv- Zn-t_y-µp- _-dp-h.-

*- -A-en- A-Iv-_¿-Jm-\p-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-´-kw-Ko-tXm-]-I-c-Ww-˛-k-tcm-Zv.-

*- -]-∂-em¬- tLm-jp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏- - kw-Ko-tXm-]-I-c-Ww-˛-Hm-S-°p-g¬.-

*- -]-Wv-Un-‰v- i-¶¿- tLm-jp-am-bn- _-‘-

s∏-´- kw-Ko-tXm-]-I-c-Ww-˛-X-_-e.-*- -H-∂mw- tem-Iv-k-`-bn-te-°v- kz-X-¥-\m-

bn- Xn-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´- im-kv-X-⁄-\m-Wv- ta-L-\m-Yv- kml.

][m\ ÿeßƒ* Ak-≥tkmƒ- F-¥n-\m-Wp- ]-k-n≤w˛I¬-

°-cn- J-\-\w-* iocmaIrjvWanjs‚ Bÿm\w ˛

t_eq¿* Km¿U≥ do®vI∏¬\n¿amWime

FhnsSbmWv˛ sIm¬°Ø* t\Xm-Pn- kp-`m-jv- N-µ-t_m-kv- hn-am-\-

Øm-h-fw- (Uw-Uw-)- F--hn-sS-bmWv˛sIm¬°Ø

* Lpw- sam-Wv-kv-‰-dn- G-Xv- kw-ÿm-\-Øm-Wv˛ ]›na_wKmƒ

*- -tX- m-K- I¿-j-I-]-t£m- w- \-S-∂-Xv- _w-Km-fn-em-Wv.-

*- -C-¥y-≥ B¿-an-bp-sS- Cu-tÃ-¨- I-am-≥Un-‚- B-ÿm-\w- sIm¬-°-Ø-bm-Wv.-

][m\ kw -h-ßƒ* 1901 ¬ A¥-cn® hnIvtSm-dnb a-lm-dm-

Wn-bpsS- Hm¿-a-bv-°v- sh-fp-Ø- am¿-_n-fn¬- I-gv-k-¨- ]-`p- \n¿-Ωm-W-am-cw-`n-®-hn-Iv-tSm-dn-b- sa-tΩm-dn-b¬- s]m-Xp-P-\-ßƒ-°m-bn- Xp-d-∂-Xv- 1921 em-Wv.-

*- -lu-d- ]m-ew- \n¿-Ωn-®-Xv- 1943 em-Wv.- 1965¬- C-Xn-\v- Sm-tKm-dn-s‚- kv-a-c-Wm¿-Yw- c-_o-µ- tk-Xp- F-∂p- t]-cp- \¬-In.-

*- -Zm-tam-Z¿- hm-en- tIm¿-∏-td-j-≥ ÿm-]n-X-am-b-Xv- 1948 emWv.

][m\ ÿm]\ßƒ* hnIv-tSm-dn-bm- sa-tΩm-dn-b¬- F-hn-sS-

b-mWv˛ sIm¬°Ø (hn-eyw- F-ta-gv-k-¨- B-Wv- cq-]-I¬-]-\- cq-]-I-ev-]-\-sN-bv-X-Xv-).-

* Zp¿-Km-∏q¿- Ão¬- πm-‚ v- G-Xp- cm-Py-Øn-s‚- k-l-I-c-W-tØm-sS-bm-Wv- \n¿-an-®-Xv˛_n´¨

* sk-≥S¬- C-≥em-≥Uv- hm-´¿- Sm-≥kv-t]m¿-´v- tIm¿-∏-td-j-s‚- B-ÿ-m\w˛sIm¬°Ø

* _n¿f πm\t‰dnbw FhnsSbmWv˛sIm¬°Ø

* sIm¬-°-Ø- s_m-´m-Wn-°¬- Km¿-U-s‚- ]p-Xn-b- t]cv˛ BNmcy PKZoivNµt_mkv s_m´mWn°¬ Km¿U≥

*- -_m-‰,- F-Iv-ssk-Uv,- _n¿-f,- ^n-en-]v-kv-C-¥y,-sF.-Sn.-kn.- F-∂o- I-º-\n-I-fp-sS-B-ÿm-\w- sIm¬-°-Ø-bm-Wv.-

*- -sF.-]n.-F¬- In-°-‰v- So-am-b- Ko-l-k-a-ta- Kn-i-g-h-t R-i-d-er-s s‚- B-ÿm-\w- sIm¬-°-Ø-bm-Wv.-

*- -Cu-tÃ-¨- sd-bn¬-th,- ku-Øv- Cu-tÃ-¨- sd-bn¬-th- F-∂o- sd-bn¬-th- tkm-Wp-I-fp-sS- B-ÿm-\w- sIm¬-°-Ø-bn-em-Wv.-

*- -t\-Xm-Pn- -h-≥,- t\-Xm-Pn- C-≥tUm¿- tÃ-Un-bw- F-∂n-h- sIm¬-°-Ø-bn-em-Wv.-

*- -B¿-°n-tbm-f-Pn-°¬- k¿-th- Hm-^v- C-¥y,- kp-thm-f-Pn-°¬- k¿-th- Hm-^v- C-¥y,- s_m-´m-Wn-°¬- k¿-th- Hm-^v- C-¥y- F-∂n-h-bp-sS- B-ÿm-\-am-Wv -sIm¬-°-Ø.-

*- -A-e-l-_m-Zv- _m-¶v,- bq-t°m- _m-¶v,- bp-ssW-‰-Uv- C-¥y- _m-¶v- F-∂n-h-bp-sS-B-ÿm-\w- sIm¬-°-Ø-bn-em-Wv.-

*- -Cu-U-≥ Km¿-U-≥kv- tÃ-Un-bw- In-°-‰n-\p- ]-kn-≤-am-Wv.-

* aZ¿ sX-tc-k- A-¥y-\n-Z- sIm-≈p-∂- a-Z¿-lu-kv- sIm¬-°-Ø-bn-em-Wv.-

*- -]-ikv-X-am-b- km¬-‰v- te-°v- kv-t‰-Un-bw- (bp-h-`m-c-Xn- tÃ-Un-bw-)- sIm¬-°-Ø-bn-em-Wv.-

*- -sIm¬-°-Ø-bn¬- _n¿-fm- πm-\-t‰-dn-b-ap-≠v.- \m-W-b-a-®-Sn-°p-∂- an-‚pw- C-hn-sS-bp-≠v.-

*- -Km¿-U-≥do-®v- I-∏¬- \n¿-am-W-im-e-sIm¬-°-Ø-bn-em-Wv.- C-¥y-bn¬- \-Zn-bn¬- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂- ta-P¿- Xp-d-ap-J-am-Wn-Xv.-

*- -sk-≥S¬- •m-kv- B-≥Uv- sk-dm-an-Iv- dn-k¿-®v- C-≥Ãn-‰yq-´v,- C-¥y-≥ A-tkm-kn-tb-j-≥ t^m¿- Z- Iƒ-ń-th-j-≥ Hm-^v-k-b-≥k-kv,- \m-j-W¬- C-≥Ãn-‰yq-´v- Hm-^v- tlm-an-tbm-∏-Xn,- km-lm- C-≥Ãn-‰yq-

Nu \r-Øy-w-

_n¿-fm- πm-\t‰m-dn-bw-

2016 Pq - 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 15

´v- Hm-^v- \yp-¢n-b¿- ^n-kn-Iv-kv,- F-kv-F-≥ t_m-kv- \m-j-W¬- sk-‚¿- t^m¿-t_-kn-Iv- k-b-≥k-kv- F-∂n-h- sIm¬-°-Ø-bn-em-Wv.-

*- -C-¥y-≥ C-≥Ãn-‰yq-´v- Hm-^v- sI-an-°¬-_-tbm-f-Pn,-\m-j-W¬- A-°m-Z-an- Hm-^v-I-Ãw-kv- ,- F-Iv-ssk-kv- B-‚ v- \m¿-t°m-ń-Iv-kv,- au-em-\m- A-_pƒ- I-emw- B-km-Zv- C-≥Ãn-‰yq-´v- Hm-^v- G-jy-≥ Ã-Uo-kv- F-∂n-h- sIm¬-°-Ø-bn-em-Wv.-

*- -Zm-tam-Z¿- hm-en- tIm¿-∏-td-j-s‚- B-ÿm-\w- sIm¬-°-Ø-bm-Wv.- -

*- -^-dm-°- kq-∏¿- sX¿-a¬- ]-h¿- tÃ-j-≥ ap¿-jn-Zm-_m-Zv- Pn-√-bn-em-Wv.-

*- -C-¥y-≥ k-b-≥kv- tIm-¨-K-kn-s‚- B-ÿm-\w- sIm¬-°-Ø-bn-em-Wv.-

Ipg∏n°p∂hkvXpXIƒ

* sIm¬-°-Ø-bn-se- Cu-U-≥ Km¿-U-≥kv-tÃ-Un-bw- In-°-‰n-\pw- -sIm¬-°-Ø-bn-se- km¬-‰v- te-°-v- tÃ-Un-bw- ^p-Sv-t_m-fn-\p-am-Wv- ]-kn-≤w.-

*- -Aw-_m-k-U¿- Im¿- ^m-Iv-S-dn- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂- D-Ø¿-]m-d-G-Xp- kw-ÿm-\-Ø-mWv˛ ]›na_wKmƒ (ln-µp-ÿm-≥tam-t´m-gv-kv- B-Wv- \n¿-am-Xm-°ƒ.- F-∂m¬- ln-µp-ÿm-≥ tam-t´m-gv-kv- F-∂-kw-cw- w- B-cw- n-®-Xv- 1942˛¬- Kp-P-dm-Øn-se- Hm-J- Xp-d-ap-J-Øm-Wv.- 1948˛¬- D-Ø¿-]m-d-bn-te-°v- am-‰n.- 1957em-Wv- I-º-\n- Aw-_m-k-U¿- Im-dn-s‚- \n¿-am-Ww-B-cw-`n-®-Xv.- 2014˛¬- I-º-\n- ]q-ń.-)-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- P-e-ssh-Zyp-X-\n-e-bw- 1897¬- Um¿-Pn-en-Mn¬- ÿm-]n-X-am-bn.- I¿-Wm-S-I-Øn-se- in-h-k-ap-Zw-]-≤-Xn- 1902em-Wv- \n¿-an-®-Xv.-

*- -ln-am-e-b-≥ au-≠-\o-b-dn-Mv- C-≥Ãn-‰yq-´v- ]-›n-a- _w-Km-fn-se- Um¿-Pn-en-Mn¬-B-Wv.- F-∂m¬- C-¥y-≥ au-≠-\o-b-dn-Mv- s^-U-td-j-s‚- B-ÿm-\w- \yq-U¬-ln-bm-Wv.-

*- -tPm¿-Pv- A-©m-a-≥ cm-Pm-hv- C-¥y-bp-sS-X-e-ÿm-\w- U¬-ln-bn-te-°v- am-‰p-sa-∂v-1911˛¬- ]-Jym-]n-®p.- A-ß-s\- U¬-ln-C-¥y-bp-sS- X-e-ÿm-\-am-bn- (1912).-

*- -G-‰-hpw- hn-kv-Xo¿-Æw- Iq-Sn-b- _w-Km-fn-se- Pn-√- ku-Øv- 24 ]¿-Km-\-bpw- G-‰-hpw- P-\-kw-Jy- Iq-Sn-b-X-v- t\m¿-Øv- 24]¿-Km-\-bp-am-Wv.-

A]q¿h hkvXpXIƒ* F.Un.F´mw iXIØn¬ hwKtZiw

F∂dnbs∏ńcp∂Xv˛ Ing°≥

_wKmƒ (_wKmfns‚ ]›na`mKwKuU F∂dnbs∏´p)

*- -kp-tc-µ-\m-Y- _m-\¿-Pn-bm-Wv- 1906 Hm-K-Ãv- G-gn-\v- sIm¬-°-Ø-bn-se- Ko-≥]m¿-°n¬- B-Zy-am-bn- Xn-h¿-W-]-Xm-I-D-b¿-Øn-b-Xv.- ]-®-bpw- a-™-bpw- Np-h-∏pw- G-gp-Xm-a-c-I-fp-ap-≈- ]-Xm-I-bp-b¿-∂-t∏mƒ- 101 tXm-°p-Iƒ- B-Nm-c-sh-Sn-bp-Xn¿-Øp.-

*- -C-¥y-bn¬- Smw- k¿-ho-kv- D-≈- G-I- \-K-cw- sIm¬-°-Ø-bm-Wv.-

*- -sIm¬-°-Ø-bv-°p- k-ao-]-am-Wv- Z-£n-tW-iz¿- Im-fn-t£-Xw.- io-cm-a-Ir-jv-W-]-c-a-lw-k¿- C-hn-Sp-sØ- ]q-Pm-cn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.-

*- -Km-≥Uv- S-¶v- tdm-Uv- s]-j-hm¿- (]m-In-kv-Xm-≥),- sIm¬-°-Ø- F-∂o- \-K-c-ß-sf-bm-Wv- _-‘n-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.- Km-≥Uv- S-¶v- tdm-Un-s‚- \n¿-am-W-am-cw- n-®-Xv- tj¿-jm-bp-sS- Im-e-Øm-Wv.-

*- -c-≠mw- tem-I-a-lm-bp-≤-Im-e-Øv- P-∏m-≥ ssk-\yw- c-≠p-]m-h-iyw- t_mw-_n-ßv- \-S-Øn-b- C-¥y-≥ Xp-d-ap-J-am-Wv-sIm¬-°-Ø.-

*- -A-ta-cn-°-bn-se- sS-∂n-kn- hm-en- A-tXm-dn-‰n-bp-sS- am-Xr-I-bn-em-Wv- Zm-tam-Z¿- hm-en- tIm¿-∏-td-j-≥ cq-]-h-Xv-I-cn-®-Xv.-

*- -a-lm-`m-c-Xv- td-©n¬- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂-kp-J-hm-k- tI-µ-am-Wv- Um¿-Pn-en-ßv.-

*- -k-ap-Z-Øn¬- \n-∂v- 203 In.-ao.- A-I-se-bm-Wv- sIm¬-°-Ø- Xp-d-ap-Jw.-

*- -sIm¬-°-Ø- Xp-d-ap-J-Øn-\v- c-≠v- tUm-°p-I-fp-≠v-˛-sIm¬-°-Ø-bn-epw- lm¬-Un-b-bn-epw.-

*- -sIm¬-°-Ø- Xp-d-ap-J-Øn-s‚- ln-‚¿-em-≥Un¬- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-∂- I-c-_-‘n-X- A-b¬-cm-Py-ß-fm-Wv- t\-∏m-fpw- `q-´m-\pw.-

*- -sdm-Wmƒ-Uv- tdm-kv,- kn.-hn.-cm-a-≥,- Sm-tKm¿,- A-a¿-Xy-sk-≥,- a-Z¿-sX-tc-k- F-∂o- s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\- t\-Xm-°-fp-sS-\-K-c-am-Wv- sIm¬-°-Ø.-

*- -cm-a-Ir-jv-W-an-j-s‚- B-ÿm-\-am-b- t_-eq¿- a-Tw- cq-]-I-ev-]-\- sN-bv-X-Xv- kzm-an-hn-⁄m-\m-\-µ-bm-Wv.-

Ncn-X-]Yw*- -C-¥y-≥ \m-j-W¬- tIm-¨-K-kn-s‚- c-

≠m-a-sØ- k-tΩ-f-\- th-Zn- sIm¬-°-Ø-bm-bn-cp-∂p-(1886).- Zm-Zm-`m-bv- \-h-tdm-Pn-bm-bn-cp-∂p- A-[y-£-≥.-

*- -C-¥y-≥ \m-j-W¬- tIm-¨-K-kv- \n- -l-I-c-W-]-ÿm-\w- kw-_-‘n-®- ]-ta-bw- ]m-km-°n-b-Xv- 1920 sk-]v-Xw-_-dn¬-sIm¬-°-Ø-bn¬- tN¿-∂- ]-tXy-I- k-tΩ-f-\-Øn-em-Wv.-

*- -hn-Iv-tSm-dn-bm- sa-tΩm-dn-b¬- tI-µ- kmw-kv-Im-cn-I- h-Ip-∏n-s‚- Io-gn-ep-≈- ayq-kn-b-am-Wv.- _n- o-jv- -c-W-Im-e-Øn-s‚- ti-jn-∏p-Iƒ- C-hn-sS- ]-Z¿-in-∏n-®n- p-≠v.- hn-eyw- F-ta-gv-k- - B-Wv- hn-Iv-tSm-dn-b- sa-tΩm-dn-b-en-s‚- B¿-°n-sS-Iv-Sv.-

*- -Kw-K-bp-sS- ]-[m-\- ssI-h-gn- (Un-kv-Sn-_yq-´-dn-)-bm-b- lq-•n-bp-sS- Xo-c-Øm-Wv-sIm¬-°-Ø- \-K-cw.-

*- -]-›n-a- _w-Kmƒ- K-h-¨-sa-‚ v- sk-I-t´-dn-b-‰m-Wv- ssd-t‰-gv-kv- _n¬-Unw-Kv- .-

*- -sIm¬-°-Ø-tb-bpw- lu-d-sb-bpw- _-‘n-∏n-°p-∂- ]m-e-am-Wv- hn-Zym-km-K¿-tk-Xp.-

*- -aym-≥a-dn-se- cm-Jn-≥ ]-hn-iy-bn¬-\n-∂p-≈- ap-…nw- hw-i-P-cm-b- A-`-bm¿-Yn-I-fm-Wv- tdm-ln-My-Iƒ- (Rohingyas).-

*- -Cu-Ãn-¥ym-°-º-\n-bp-sS- -c-W-Im-e-Øv-K-h¿-W¿- P-\-d-en-s‚- Hu-tZym-Kn-I- h-k-Xn-bm-bn-cp-∂-Xv- sIm¬-°-Ø-bn-se-Belvedere House B-bn-cp-∂p.- 1858˛¬-Cu-Ãn-¥ym-°-º-\n-bp-sS- `-c-Ww- A-h-km-\n-°p-I-bpw- C-¥ym- -c-W-Øn-\v- ssh-tkm-bn- \n-b-an-X-\m-Ip-I-bpw- sN-bv-X-t∏mƒ- sIm¬-°-Ø-bn-se- K-h-¨-sa-‚ v-lu-kv- ssh-tkm-bn-bp-sS- Hu-tZym-Kn-I-h-k-Xn-bm-bn.- H-∏w,- Belvedere House -se- _w-Km-fn-se- e-^v-‰-\-‚ v- K-h¿-W-dp-sS- h-k-Xn-bm-bn.- K-h-¨-sa-‚ v- lu-kv-cq-]-I-ev-]-\- sN-bv-X-Xv- Nmƒ-kv- hym-‰v-B-Wv.- Cu- a-µn-c-Øn-em-Wv- C-¥y-bn-se-B-Zy-sØ- en-^v-‰v- I-gv-k-¨- ]-`p-hn-s‚-Im-e-Øv- ÿm-]n-®-Xv.-

*- -1912˛¬- X-e-ÿm-\w- U¬-ln-bn-te-°v- am-‰n-b-t∏mƒ- _w-Kmƒ- K-h¿-W-dp-sS- Xm-a-k-Øn-\v- K-h-¨-sa-‚ v- lu-kv- hn-´p-sIm-Sp-Øp.- kzm-X-¥ym-\-¥-cw- K-h-¨-sa-‚ v-lu-kv- cm-Pv-`-h-\m-bn- am-dn.- 1948˛-ap-X¬-_¬-sh-tU¿- lu-kn¬- \m-j-W¬-sse-_-dn- Hm-^v- C-¥y- ]-h¿-Øn-®p-h-cp-∂p.-

*- -aq-∂p- tK-Pp-I-fn¬- sse-\p-Iƒ- D-≈- sd-bn¬-th- tÃ-j-\m-Wv- kn-en-Kp-cn.-

*- -]n-¥p-S¿-®m-h-Im-iw- kw-_-‘n-®v- _w-Km-fn¬- A-h-ew-_n-®n-cp-∂- \n-b-a-kw-ln-X-bm-b- Zm-b-`m-K- c-Nn-®-Xv- Po-aq-X-hm-l-\-\m-Wv.-

*- -D-∏p-k-Xym-K-l-k-a-b-Øv- _w-Km-fn-se-k-Xym-K-ln-Iƒ- Pm-Y- \-S-Øn-b-Xv- kn¬-l-‰v- ap-X¬- \-h-Jm-en- h-sc-bm-Wv.-

*- -kz-tZ-in- ]-ÿm-\-hp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-´v-_w-Kmƒ- kz-tZ-in- tÃm-gv-kv- ÿm-]n-®-Xv- ]n.-kn.-tdm-bv- B-Wv.-

*- -sIm¬-°-Ø- Xp-d-ap-J-Øn-s‚- \n¿-Ωm-W-Øn-\v- Cu-Ãn-¥ym-°-º-\n-°v- A-\p-a-Xn- \¬-In-b- ap-Kƒ-N-I-h¿-Øn- Hu-dw-K-ko-_m-Wv.-

*- -Um¿-Pn-en-ßv- B-ÿm-\-am-bn- ]-tXy-I-kw-ÿm-\w- B-h-iy-s∏- v- ]-t£m- w- \-bn-®- Kq¿-Jm- \m-j-W¬- en_-td-j≥^≠v t\Xm-hm-Wv kp`mjv Koknßv.-

Km¿-U-≥do-®v- I-∏¬- \n¿-am-W-im-e

kp-µ¿-_m≥- I≠¬-Im-Sv-

16 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2016 Pq - 1

Kbm\*- -K-bm-\-bp-sS- ]-g-b- t]-cv- _n-ó-jv- K-bm-

\- F-∂m-Wv- (aq-∂p- bq-tdm-]y-≥ i-‡n-I-fp-sS- Io-gn-em-bn-cp-∂- sX-t°- A-ta-cn-°-≥ ]-tZ-i-ß-fm-Wv- _n-ó-jv- K-bm-\,-U-®p- K-bm-\,- ^-©p- K-bm-\- F-∂n-h-).-

*- -sX-t°- A-ta-cn-°-bn-se- G-I- tIm-a- -sh¬-Øv- cm-Py-am-Wv- K-bm-\.- 1966˛¬- bp-ssW-‰-Uv- Inw-Kv-U-Øn¬-\n-∂v- kzm-X-¥yw-t\-Sn.- tPm¿-Pv-Su- - B-Wv- X-e-ÿm-\w.-

*- -Cw-•n-jv- Hu-Zym-Kn-I- m-j-bm-b- G-I- sX-t°- A-ta-cn-°-≥ cm-Py-am-Wv- K-bm-\.-

*- -tem-I-Øn-se- H-tc-sbm-cp- tIm-Hm-∏-td-‰o-hv- dn-∏-ªn-Iv- B-Wv- K-bm-\.-

*- -sN-ºp-en-bm-Wv- K-bm-\-bp-sS- tZ-io-b- ar-Kw.-*- -\m-W-bw- Guyanese Dollar. Cw-•o-jv-

Hu-tZym-Kn-I- m-j-bm-b- G-I- sX-t°- A-ta-cn-°-≥ cm-Py-am-Wn-Xv.-

*- -kp-cn-\mw- I-gn-™m¬- G-‰-hpw- P-\-kw-Jy- Ip-d-™- sX-t°- A-ta-cn-°-≥ cm-jv-

S-am-Wv- K-bm-\.-*- -]-›n-am¿-[-tKm-f-Øn-em-Zy-am-bn- am¿-Iv-kn-

Ãv- k¿-°m¿- A-[n-Im-c-Øn¬-h-∂- cm-Py-am-Wv- K-bm-\.- 1953˛¬- ]m-b-]q¿-Øn- thm--h-Im-i-Øn-s‚- A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬-\-S-∂-

Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏n-s\-Øp-S¿-∂v- ]o-∏nƒ-kv-t]m-K- o-hv- ]m¿-ń- t\-Xm-hm-b- sN-Õn-P-K-s‚- a-¥n-k-`- A-[n-Im-c-ta¬-°p-I-bpw- 133 Zn-h-kw- `-cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.-A-ta-cn-°-bp-sS- C-S-s]-S-ep-I-fm-Wv- -c-W-Iq-S-sØ- A-ń-a-dn-®-Xv- (tem-I-Øm-Zy-am-bn- I-ayp-Wn-Ãv- ]m¿-ń- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏n-eq-sS- A-[n-Im-c-Øn-se-Øn-b-Xv- 1945˛¬- bq-tdm-∏n-se- km-≥ am-dn-t\m-bn-em-Wv-).-

*- -sX-t°- A-ta-cn-°-bn¬- i-X-am-\m-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- ln-µp-°-fp-≈- cm-Py-am-Wn-Xv- (28%-).-

*- -K-bm-\-bn¬- ]-kn-U-‚m-b- B-Zy- h-\n-X-bm-Wv- Pm-\-‰v- P-K-≥ (1997).- sX-t°- A-ta-cn-°-bn¬- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏n-eq-sS- ]-kn-U-‚ v- ÿm-\-sØ-Øn-b- B-Zy- h-\n-X- F-

∂- hn-ti-j-Ww- A-h¿-°v- kz-¥-am-Wv.- ]-kn-U-‚m-Ip-∂-Xn-\p-ap-ºv- A-h¿- ]-[m-\-a-¥n-]-Z-hpw- h-ln-®n- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p- (1997).-Pm-\-‰v- P-K-≥ P-\n-®-Xv- A-ta-cn-°-≥ sF-Iy-\m-Sp-I-fn-se- Nn-°m-tKm-bn-em-Wv.- ]n¬-°m-e-Øv- K-bm-\-bp-sS- ]-kn-U-‚m-b- sN-Õn- P-K-s\- Po-hn-X- ]-¶m-fn-bm-bn- kzo-I-cn-®-Xn-s\-Øp-S¿-∂m-Wv- A-h¿- K-bm-\-bn-te-°v- t]m-b-Xv.- 2009˛¬- A-¥-cn-®p.-

sl-bv-Øn-*- -I-co-_n-b-≥ cm-jv-S-am-b- sl-bv-Øn- ÿn-

Xn-sN-øp-∂-Xv- ln-kv-]m-\n-tbm-f- Zzo-]n-s‚-]-›n-a- m-K-Øm-Wv.- t]m¿- v- -Hm- -]n-≥kv-B-Wv- X-e-ÿm-\w.-

*- -Iyq-_,- sUm-an-\n-°-≥ dn-∏-ªn-°v- F-∂o-h- I-gn-™m¬- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- I-co-_n-b-≥ cm-Py-am-Wn-Xv.- Hu-tZym-Kn-I-am-bn- sl-bv-Øn- dn-∏-ªn-°v- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.-

*- -^-©v,- sl-bv-Øn-b-≥ In-tbmƒ- F-∂n-h-bm-Wv- bp-Wn-‰-dn- sk-an-˛-]-kn-U-

≥jy¬- dn-∏-ªn-°m-b- sl-bv-Øn-bp-sS-Hu-tZym-Kn-I- `m-j-Iƒ.-

*- -tNw-_¿- Hm-^v- U-]yq-ó-kpw- sk-\-‰p-a-S-ßn-b- ]m¿-e-sa-‚m-Wv- cm-Py-sØ- \n-b-a-\n¿-am-W-k- .- Ku¿-sU- B-Wv- \m-W-bw.-

*- -em-‰n-≥ A-ta-cn-°-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- ]-c-am-[n-Im-c- cm-jv-S-am-Wv- sl-bv-Øn.- 1825˛¬-^m-≥km-Wv- sl-bv-Øn-bv-°v- kzm-X-¥yw-\¬-In-b-Xv.-

*- -tIm-f-\n- `-c-W-Øn¬-\n-∂v- tam-Nn-X-am-b-ti-jw- I-dp-Ø-h¿-K-°m-cp-sS- -c-W-Iq-Sw-\n-e-hn¬-h-∂- B-Zy-sØ- tem-I- cm-Pyw-sl-bv-Øn-bm-Wv.-

*- -A-Sn-a-Iƒ- \-S-Øn-b- hn-π-h-Øn-eq-sS- tem-I-Øm-Zy-am-bn- kzm-X-¥yw- t\-Sn-b- cm-Py-am-Wv- sl-bv-Øn.-

*- -A-ta-cn-°-≥ h-≥I-c-bn¬- ^-©v- `m-j-bv-°v- ]m-ap-Jy-ap-≈- G-I- cm-Py-am-Wv- sl-bv-Øn.-

*- -]p-Xp-h-’-c- Zn-\-Øn¬- kzm-X-¥y-Zn-\w-B-tLm-jn-°p-∂- cm-Py-am-Wv- sl-bv-Øn.-

Kbm\bpw slbvØn-bpwtemI-cm-Py-ßƒ

Hmƒ C¥y Inkm≥ k` (1936)\n- -l-I-c-W-]-ÿm-\-hpw- kn-hn¬- B-⁄m-ew-L-\- ]-ÿm-\-hpw- I¿-j-I-sc-bpw- sXm-gn-em-fn-I-sf-bpw-h-≥tXm-Xn¬- cm-jv-So-b-h-Xv-I-cn-®n-cp-∂p.- 1929˛-\p-ti-jw- tem-I-sØ-bpw- C-¥y-sb-bpw- _m-[n-®- km-º-Øn-I-am-µyw- C-¥y-bn-se- I¿-j-I-cp-sS-bpw- sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-sS-bpw- A-h-ÿ- ]-cn-Xm-]-I-c-am-°n.- C-Xn-s‚-sb-√mw- -e-am-bn- cm-jv-So-b- ]-h¿-Ø-I-cp-sS- H-cp- ]p-Xn-b- X-e-ap-d- D-Z-bw-sIm-≠p. A-h¿- I¿-j-I-sc-bpw- sXm-gn-em-fn-I-sf-bpw- kw-L-Sn-∏n-®p.- A-Xn-s‚- -e-sa-t∂m-Ww- \-K-c-ß-fn¬- sXm-gn-em-fn- kw-L-S-\-I-fpw- cm-Py-sam- m-sI- I¿-j-I-kw-L-S-\-I-fpw- ]n-d-hn-sIm-≠p.- Hmƒ-C-¥y- In-km-≥k- - 1936 -se- e-Iv-\u- tIm- -K-kv- k-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬- cq-]w-sIm-≠p.- cm-Py-sØ- B-Zy-sØ- A-Jn-te-¥ym- I¿-j-I-kw-L-S-\-bm-bn-cp-∂p- C-Xv.- kzm-an-k-l-Pm-\-µ- k-c-kz-Xn-sb- Cu- ]-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚- B-Zy-sØ- A-[y-£-\m-bn- Xn-c-s™-Sp-Øp- (1936 G-]n¬-11).- 1929˛¬- B-Zy- I¿-j-I- kw-L-S-\-bm-b- _o-lm¿-s]m-hn-≥jy¬- In-km-≥k- - cq-]-h-Xv-I-cn-°m-≥ t\-Xr-Xzw- \¬-In-b-Xv- C-t±-l-am-Wv.- F-≥.-Pn.-cw-K- B-bn-cp-∂p-B-Zy- P-\-d¬- sk-I- -dn.- C.-Fw.-F-kv.-\-ºq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sv,-]-Wv-Un-‰v- b-Zp-\-µ-≥ i¿-a,- cm-lp¬- kw-Ir-Xym-b-\-≥,-]n.-kp-µ-c-ø,- cmw- a-t\m-l¿- tem-ly,- P-b-]-Im-iv- \m-cm-b- ,- bq-k- v- sa-lv-d-en,- A-tim-Iv- ta-Ø,- an-\p- a-km-\n,- B-Nm-cy- \-tc-µ-tZ-hv- Xp-S-ßn-b-h-cpw- Cu- ]-ÿm-\-Øn-\v- am¿-K-Zo-]-ß-fm-bn.- 1936 Hm-K-Ãn¬- In-km-≥ am-\n-s -tÃm- ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®p.- I-ta-W- In-km-≥k--bp-sS- t\-Xr-Xzw- tIm- -K-kn¬-\n-∂-I-∂p.- _o-lm-

dn-epw- bp.-]n.-bn-epw- tIm- -K-kv- k¿-°m-cp-I-fp-am-bn-In-km-≥k- - sIm-ºp-tIm¿-Øp.- 1937 H-Iv-tSm-_-dn¬- In-km-≥k- - sN-s¶m-Sn- A-h-cp-sS- Hu-tZym-Kn-I- ]-Xm-I-bm-bn- Aw-Ko-I-cn-®p.- Ir-jn- q-an- I¿-j-I-\v- F-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂pw- kw-L-S-\-bp-sS- ap-Zm-hm-Iyw.-

]n-∂o-Sv- tIm- -K-kn¬-\n-∂v- A-I-ep-∂-Xn-\-\p-k-c-W-am-bn- tkm-jy-en-Ãp-I-fpw- I-ayp-Wn-Ãp-I-fpw- In-km-≥k-`-bn¬- B-[n-]-Xyw- ]p-e¿-Øn.- 1942˛¬- I-ayp-Wn-Ãv- ]m¿- n-sb- k¿-°m¿- \n-b-a-hn-t[-b-am-b- ]-ÿm-\-am-bn- Aw-Ko-I-cn-®-tXm-sS- In-km-≥k-`-sb- ]m¿-ń-G-s‰-Sp-Øp.- 1964˛¬- I-ayp-Wn-Ãv- ]m¿- n- ]n-f¿-∂-t∏mƒ-A-Xn-s‚- ]-Xn-^-e-\w- In-km-≥k-`-bn-e-pap≠mbn.

1935˛se Kh¨sa‚v Hm^v C¥yBIvSpw kwÿm\ kzbw`cWhpwC-¥y-bn-se- `-c-W-\n¿-h-l-W-Øn-\m-bn- _n-ó-jv- K-h-¨-sa-‚ v- ]m-km-°n-b- H-Sp-hn-e-tØ-Xpw- _r-l-Øm-b-Xp-am-b- \n-b-a-\n¿-am-W-am-Wv- 1935 -se- K-h- -sa-‚ v-Hm-^v- C-¥y- B-Iv-Sv.- A-b-™- H-cp- s^-U-d¬- kw-hn-[m-\w- ÿm-]n-°p-I,- ]-tZ-in-I- kz-bw-`-c-Ww- \-S-∏n-em-°p-I,- ]-tXy-I- \n-tbm-P-I- a-Wv-U-e-ßƒ-h-gn- \yq-\-]-£-ßƒ-°v- kw-c-£-Ww- \¬-Ip-I- Xp-S-ßn-b-h-Cu- \n-b-a-Øn-s‚- ]-[m-\- e-£y-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p.- \m-´p-cm-Py-ß-fp-sS-bpw- _n-ó-jv- C-¥y-bp-sS-bpw- sF-Iyw- e-£y-an-ń-cp-∂- s^-U-d¬- kw-hn-[m-\w- \m-´p-cm-Pm-°-≥am-cp-sS- hn-ti-jm¬- B-\p-Iq-ey-ß-sf- kw-_-‘n-®- Im-cy-ß-fn¬- A-hy-‡-X-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xp-Im-c-Ww- \-S-∏n-em-Im-sX- t]m-bn.- F-∂m¬,- 1937˛¬-Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏v- \-S-∂-tXm-sS- ]m-tZ-in-I- kz-bw-`-c-W-sa-∂- B-i-bw- ]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-bn.- ]-t£,- _n-ó-jv-A-[n-Im-cn-I-fp-sS- D-t±-i-ip-≤n-bn¬- hn-izm-k-an-√m-Ø-Xp-Im-c-Ww- tIm-¨-K-kv- Cu- -c-W-]-cn-jv-Im-c-sØ-kw-i-b-Zr-jv-Sn-tbm-sS-bm-Wv- ho-£n-®-Xv.- a-¥n-k-`-I-fp-sS- Xo-cp-am-\-ßƒ- d-±m-°m-\pw- th-W-sa-¶n¬- A-h-sb- ]n-cn-®p-hn-Sm-\pw- K-h¿-W¿-°v- A-[n-Im-cw- \¬-In-b-Xv- ]m-tZ-in-I- kz-bw-`-c-W-sØ- H-cp- ]-l-k-\-am-°n-tb-°p-sa-∂- B-i-¶- tIm-¨-K-kn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- 1935˛-se- K-h-¨-sa-‚ v-Hm-^v- C-¥y- B-Iv-Sn¬- tIm-¨-K-kn-\v- Xr-]v-Xn-bp-≠mbncp∂n√.

_¿abpsS th¿s]-Sp-Ø¬1852˛-em-Wv- tem-h¿- _¿-a-sb- C-¥y-tbm-Sv- tN¿-Ø-Xv.- 1862˛¬- A-Xv- ]-tXy-Iw- ]-hn-iy-bm-bn.- 1886˛¬-A-∏¿- _¿-a-bpw- _n-ó-jv- C-¥y-bp-sS- m-K-am-bn.- hn-kv-Xo¿-Wm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬- C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- ]-hn-iy-bm-bn-cp-∂p- _¿-a.- 1935˛-se- K-h.-Hm-^v-C-¥y- B-Iv-Sv- ]-Im-cw- 1937˛¬- _¿-a-sb- C-¥y-bn¬-\n-∂v- th¿-s]-Sp-Øp-I-bpw- A-Xn-s\- ]-tXy-I- _¿-a- Hm-ô-kn-s‚- Io-gn-em-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- _n-ń-jv- Iym-_n-\-‰n-se- H-cw-K-sØ- sk-I-´-dn- Hm-^v- tÃ-‰v- B-bn- \n-b-an-®p.- 1948˛¬- _¿-a- kz-X-¥-am-bn.-

1935˛se Kh¨sa‚v Hm^v C¥y BIvSpw

kwÿm\ kzbw`cWhpw

B[p-\nIC¥y

1937˛¬- _n-ń-jn-¥y-bn¬-\n-∂v- th¿-s]-Sp-Ø-s∏-´- a-s‰m-cp- ]-tZ-i-am-Wv- G-U-≥.

1937˛se Xncs™Sp∏v1935˛-se- K-h-¨-sa-‚ v- Hm-^v- C-¥y- B-Iv-Sv- hn-`m-h-\w-sN-bv-X- ]-cn-jv-Im-c-ß-sf- B-i-¶-tbm-sS-bm-Wv- I-≠-sX-¶n-epw- 1937˛¬- ]-hn-iy-I-fn-te-°v- \-S-∂- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏n¬- tIm-¨-K-kv- ]-s¶-Sp-Øp.- a-Zm-kv,-bp-ssW-‰-Uv- s]m-hn-≥kv,- sk-≥S¬- s]m-hn-≥kv,- _n-lm¿,- H-do-k,- t_mw-s_- ]-kn-U-≥kn,- B- mw,- t\m¿-Øv-sh-Ãv- t^m-≠n-b¿- s]m-hn-≥kv,- _w-Kmƒ,- ]-©m-_v,- kn-‘v- F-∂n-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p- _n-ó-jv- C-¥y-bn-se-]-Xn-s\m-∂v- ]-hn-iy-Iƒ.- B-Zy-sØ- A-s©-Æ-Øn¬-tIm-¨-K-kn-\v- H-‰-bv-°v- hy-‡-am-b- `q-cn-]-£w- e-`n-®p.- t_mw-s_,- B- mw,- t\m¿-Øv- sh-Ãv- t^m-≠n-b¿- s]m-hn-≥kv- F-∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬- a-‰p- I-£n-I-fp-sS-]n-¥p-W-tbm-sS- a-¥n-k-`-Iƒ- cq-]-h-Xv-I-cn-°m-\p-≈-ko-‰p-I-fpw- e-`n-®p.- F-´p- kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬- tIm-¨-K-kv- a-¥n-k- -Iƒ- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂p.- kn-‘n¬- G-‰-hpw-h-en-b- I-£n- kn-‘v- bp-ssW-‰-Uv- ]m¿- n-bm-bn-cp-∂p.-]-©m-_n¬- bp-Wn-b-\n-Ãv- ]m¿- n-bpw- _w-Km-fn¬- I¿-j-Iv- ]-Pm- ]m¿-ń-bpw- K-h-¨-sa-‚p-Iƒ- cq-]-h-Xv-I-cn-®p.- kn-°-¥¿- l-bm-Øv- Jm-\pw- F.-sI.- -kv-ep¬- l-Jp-am-bn-cp-∂p- b-Ym-I-aw- ]-©m-_n-se-bpw- _w-Km-fn-se-bpw- ap-Jy-a-¥n-am¿.- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏n¬- 707 ko-‰n¬-hn-P-bn-®- tIm- -K-kv- I-gn-™m¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬-ko-‰p-Iƒ- t\-Sn-b- (B-sI-bp-≈- 1585 ko-‰p-I-fn¬- 106)-cm-jv-So-b- I-£n-bm-b- ap-…nw- eo-Kn-\v- H-cp- ]-hn-iy-bn-epw- k¿-°m¿- cq-]-h-Xv-I-cn-°m-≥ I-gn-™n-√.- a-¥n-k- -bn¬- k-Jy-I-£n-bm-bn- tN-cp-∂-Xn-\v- Pn-∂-sb- tIm-¨-K-kv- £-Wn-s®-¶n-epw- tIm-¨-K-kv- ap-…n-ß-sf-a-¥n-ÿm-\-tØ-°v- ]-cn-K-Wn-°m-≥ ]m-Sn-√m-sb-∂pw-C-¥y-≥ ap-…n-ß-sf- ]-Xn-\n-[m-\w- sN-øm-\p-≈- A-h-Im-iw- eo-Kn-s‚-Xp-am-X-am-bn-cn-°-Ww- F-∂pw- eo-Zv-a-dp-hy-h-ÿ- ap-t∂m-´p-h-®p.- C-Xv- kzo-Im-cy-am-Im-Ø-Xn-\m¬- tIm-¨-K-kv- eo-Kn-s‚- ]-¶m-fn-Øw- \n-cm-I-cn-®p.-

a-Zm-kn¬- kn.-cm-P-tKm-]m-em-Nm-cn-bpw- t_mw-s_-bn-s¬- _n.-Pn.-tJ-dpw- bp.-]n.-bn¬- Pn.-_n.-]-¥pw- tIm-¨-K-kv- a-¥n-k-`-Iƒ-°v- t\-Xr-Xzw- \¬In.

21

2016 Pq - 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 17

11.- -sP.-kn.- Um-\n-tb¬- ]p-c-kv-Im-c-Øn-\¿-

l-bm-b- B-Zy- h-\n-X-:--(F-)- io-hn-Zy- -(_n-)- B-d-∑p-f- s]m-∂-Ω--(kn-)- I-hn-bq¿- s]m-∂-Ω- -(Un-)- jo-e-

2.- -H-∂mw- tem-I- a-lm-bp-≤-Øn¬- a-cn-®-C-¥y-≥ ssk-\n-I-cp-sS- kv-am-c-Iw-?-:--(F-)- Nm¿-an-\m¿- -(_n-)- tK-‰v- th- Hm-^v- C-¥y--(kn-)- C-¥ym-tK-‰v- -(Un-)- Xm-Pv-a-l¬-

3.- -sUm-an-\n-Iv- em-∏n-b-dp-sS- "-kn-‰n- Hm-^v-tPm-bv-'- F-∂- Ir-Xn-bn¬- G-Xp- \-K-c-sØ-∏-‰n-bm-Wv- hn-h-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv-?--(F-)- sIm¬-°-Ø- -(_n-)- sN-ss∂--(kn-)- \yq-U¬-ln- -(Un-)- e-≠-≥

4.- -tI-c-f- \n-b-a-k-`-sb- A-`n-kw-t_m-[-\-sN-bv-X- B-Zy- ]-[m-\-a-¥n-:--(F-)- C-µn-cm-Km-‘n-(_n-)- em¬- _-lm-Zq¿- im-kv-Xn--(kn-)- cm-Po-hv- Km-‘n- -(Un-)- P-hm-l¿-em¬- s\-lp-

5.- -]-Z-hn-bn-en-s°- A-¥-cn-®- B-Zy-sØ-tem-Iv-k-`m- k-]o-°¿-:--(F-)- Pn.-Fw.-kn.-_m-e-tbm-Kn--(_n-)- Pn.-hn.-am-hv-e-¶¿--(kn-)- k¿-Zm¿- lp-°pw- kn-Mv- -(Un-)- _-en- dmw- `-K-Xv-

6.- -"-[¿-a-Sw- Zzo-]v-'- G-Xp- Pn-√-bn-em-Wv-?--(F-)- Xr-»q¿- -(_n-)- Im-k¿-tIm-Svv--(kn-)- I-Æq¿- -(Un-)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv-

7.- -[-h-f-]-Im-i-sØ- L-S-I-h¿-W-ß-fm-°n-th¿-Xn-cn-°m-≥ D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv:-- (F -) - ]n -kw -(_n-)- tIm-¨-sh-Iv-kv- se-≥kv-- (kn - ) - tIm -¨-tI -h v - se -≥kv --(Un-)- kn-en-≠n-°¬- se-≥kv-

8.- -C-¥y-bn¬- X-t±-io-b-am-bn- \n¿-an-®-BZy-sØ- Ir-Xn-a- lr-Z-b-hm¬-hn-s‚-t]-cv-:--(F-)- l¿-j- -(_n-)- Nn-X--(kn-)- I¬-]-\- -(Un-)- C-µn-c-

9.- -]-¥-≠p-h¿-j-Øn-sem-cn-°¬- ]q-°p-∂- k-ky-am-Wv-:--(F-)- ln-_n-kv-I-kv--(_n-)- \o-e-s°m-Sp-th-en--(kn-)- \o-e-°p-dn-™n- -(Un-)- a-c-a-™ƒ-

10.- -G-Xp- ]-[m-\-a-¥n-bp-sS- Im-e-Øm-Wv-C-¥y-bn¬- B-Zy-am-bn- tZ-io-b- A-Sn-b-¥-cm-h-ÿ- ]-Jym-]n-®-Xv-?--(F-)- C-µn-cm-Km-‘n-(_n-)- sam-dm¿-Pn- tZ-im-bn--(kn-)- P-hm-l¿-em¬- s\-lp- -(Un-)- N-c-¨-kn-Mv-

11.- -" -tem-I-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- \n-b-a-Zm-Xmhv'- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-:-- (F -) - A-e -I v -km -≠¿-(_n-)- tkm-I-ó-kv- -(kn-)- lm-\n-_mƒ- -(Un-)- l-Ωp-dm-_n-

12.- - " -k -am -[m -\ -Øn -\p -≈- s\m -t_¬-kΩm\w- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy-sØ- I-dp-Ø-h¿-K-°m-c-≥:--(F-)- hmw-Km-cnam-Xm-bn- -(_n-)- dm¬-^v- _-©v--(kn-)- thmƒ- tkm-bn-¶- -(Un-)- sI-≥km-_p-tcm-

13.- -aq-X-Øn-s‚- a-™-\n-d-Øn-\p- Im-c-Ww:--(F-)- bq-dn-Iv- B-kn-Uv- -(_n-)- bq-dn-b--(kn-)- bq-tdm-tImw- -(Un-)- lo-tam-t•m-_n-≥

14.- -A-Uz-t°-‰v- P-\-d-en-s\- \n-b-an-°p-∂-Xmcv-?--(F-)- ]-kn-U-‚ v- -(_n-)- K-h¿-W¿--(kn-)- tI-µ- \n-b-a-a-¥n- -(Un-)- A-t‰m¿-Wn- P-\-d¬-

15.- -ssh-Zyp-Xn-bp-sS- G-‰-hpw- an-I-®- N-e-Iw:--(F-)- kz¿-Ww- -(_n-)- C-cp-ºv--(kn-)- sh-≈n- -(Un-)- A-ep-an-\n-bw-

16.- - " -Im -e -l-c -W-s∏-´ - sN-°v - ' - F-∂v -Km‘nPn- hn-ti-jn-∏n-®-Xv-:--(F-)- 1935se- K-h.-Hm-^v- C-¥y- B-Iv-Sv-(_n-)- Iym-_n-\-‰v- an-j-≥-(kn-)- In-]v-kv- an-j-≥ -(Un-)- ssk-a-¨- I-Ωn-j-≥

17.- -"-1896se- Cu-g-h-sa-tΩm-dn-b¬-'- k-a¿-∏n-°m-≥ ap-≥ssI-sb-Sp-Ø-Xv-?--(F-)- Ip-am-c-\m-im-≥(_n-)- tUm.-]¬-]p--(kn-)- io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp- -(Un-)- Sn.-sI.-am-[-h-≥

18.- -H-∂mw- tem-I-a-lm-bp-≤w- B-cw-`n-°p-tºmƒ- _n-ó-jv- ]-[m-\-a-¥n-bm-bn-cp-∂-Xv-:--(F-)- tem-bv-Uv- tPm¿-Pv- -(_n-)- sl¿-_¿- v- sl-≥dn- B-kv-Izn-Øv--(kn-)- hn-≥Ã-¨- N¿-®n¬--(Un-)- s\-hn¬- tNw-_¿-se-bn-≥

19.- -C-¥y-bn¬- P-\-d¬- C-≥jp-d-≥kv- I-º-\n-bp-sS- Io-gn¬- F-X- k-_v-kn-U-dn- I-º-\n-Iƒ- D-≠v-?--(F-)- 5 --(_n-)- 4-(kn-)- 3 -(Un-)- 6

20.- -H-cp- sS-Ãv- am-®n¬- ]-Øp- hn-°-s‰-Sp-Ø- B-Zy- In-°-‰¿-:--(F-)- A-\n¬- Ipw-sª- -(_n-)- Pnw- te-°¿--(kn-)- tUm-¨- _m-Uv-am-≥-(Un-)- _-b-≥ em-d-

21.- -"-ho¬-kv- tcm-Kw-'- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-:--(F-)- £-bw- -(_n-)- Ip-jv-Tw--(kn-)- F-en-∏-\n- (Un-)- lo-tam-ô-en-b-

22.- -"-c-‡-amw-k-ß-fn¬- C-ß-s\-sbm-cp- a\p-jy-≥ `p-an-bn¬- Po-hn-®n-cp-∂p-sh-∂v-hcpw- X-e-ap-d- hn-iz-kn-s®-∂p-h-cn-√-'-Km‘n-Pn-sb-∏-‰n- C-]-Im-cw- ]-d-™-Xv:--(F-)- kp-`m-jv- N-µ-t_m-kv- -(_n-)- B¬-_¿-´v- sF-≥Ão-≥-(kn-)- P-hm-l¿-em¬- s\-lp--(Un-)- hn-≥Ã-¨- N¿-®n¬-

23.- -tI-c-f-Øn¬,- ]q¿-W-am-bn- ssh-Zyp-Xn--I-cn-°-s∏-´- B-Zy-sØ- Km-a-]-©m-b-Øv:--(F-)- sh-≈-\m-Sv- -(_n-)- I-Æm-Sn--(kn-)- Ip-a-fn- -(Un-)- s]m-Xp-I¬-

24.- -"-Szn-¶nƒ- Szn-¶nƒ- en-‰n¬- Ãm¿-'- F-∂-\gvk-dn-Km-\w- c-Nn-®-Xv-:--(F-)- B-≥ sS-bv-e¿,- sP-bv-≥ sS-bv-e¿-(_n-)- hmƒ-´v- Un-kv-\n--(kn-)- sk¿-hm-‚o-kv--(Un-)- F-Uv-Km¿- ssd-kv- _-tdm-kv-

25.- -"-C-¥y-≥ \yq-´-¨-'- F-∂p- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-´-Xv-:--(F-)- \m-Km¿-Pp-\-≥ (_n-)- B-cy-`-´-≥-(kn-)- Im-fn-Zm-k-≥(Un-)- _-“-Kp-]v-X-≥

26.- -kw-Ko-X-tem-I-Øp-\n-∂pw- B-Zy-am-bn-`m-c-X-c-Xv-\- _-lp-a-Xn-bv-°v- A¿-l-bm-b-Xv-:--(F-)- ]-Wv-Un-‰v- c-hn-i-¶¿-(_n-)- D-kv-Xm-Zv- _n-kv-an-√m-Jm-≥-(kn-)- Fw.-F-kv.-kp-∫-e-£v-an- -(Un-)- e-Xm-a-t¶-jv-I¿-

27.- -` -c -W-L-S-\-bp-sS- 42˛mw- t`-Z-K-Xn-ip]m¿i- sN-bv-X- I-Ωn-‰n-:-

-(F-)- kz-c-¨- kn-Mv- I-Ωn-‰n- -(_n-)- _n.-Pn.-h¿-Ko-kv- I-Ωn-‰n-- (kn - ) - cm -Pm - sN -√ -ø - I -Ωn -‰ n -(Un-)- \-c-knw-lw- I-Ωn-‰n-

28.- -]-Im-iw- sk-°-‚n¬- F-X- e-£w-ssa¬- k-©-cn-°pw-?--(F-)- 3 -(_n-)- 4-(kn-)- 1.-68 -(Un-)- 1.-86

29.- -"-kp-K-‘-Z-hy-ß-fp-sS- dm-Wn-'- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-:--(F-)- G-ew- -(_n-)- Ip-cp-ap-f-Iv--(kn-)- A-Ø¿- -(Un-)- tdm-kv-

30.- -G-‰-hpw- `m-cw- Iq-Sn-b- ]m-ºv-:--(F-)- sd-ń-°p-te-‰-Uv- s]-cp-ºm-ºv- -(_n-)- A-\-tIm-≠--(kn-)- A-W-en- -(Un-)- cm-P-sh-ºm-e-

31.- -"-C-¥y-bn-se- kzn-‰v-k¿-e-≥Uv-'- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-:--(F-)- aq-∂m¿- -(_n-)- I-iv-ao¿--(kn-)- ln-am-N¬-]-tZ-iv- (Un-)- ta-Lm-e-b-

32.- -A-ta-cn-°-≥ kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬- G-‰-hpw-hn-kv-Xo¿-Ww- Iq-Sn-b-Xv-:--(F-)- A-em-kv-I-(_n-)- Im-en-t^m¿-Wn-b--(kn-)- sS-Iv-k-kv- -(Un-)- sIm-fw-_n-b-

33.- -tI-c-f-\n-b-a-k-`-bp-sS- B-Zy- t]m-t´w-kv]o-°¿-:--(F-)- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W-≥ X-ºn- -(_n-)- A-bn-jm-`m-bn--(kn-)- tdm-k-Ωm- ]p-∂q-kv--(Un-)- \-ô-k-Øp- _o-hn-

34.- - " -B-[p -\n -I - Xn -cp -hn -Xmw -Iq -dn -s‚-kjvSmhv-'- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-:--(F-)- io-Nn-Øn-c- Xn-cp-\mƒ--(_n-)- am¿-Øm-Wv-U- h¿-a--(kn-)- io-aq-ew- Xn-cp-\mƒ--(Un-)- [¿-a-cm-Pm-hv-

35.- -B-[p-\n-I- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- G-‰-hpw-IqSp-X¬- Im-ew- `-cn-®- cm-Pm-hv-:--(F-)- Im¿-Øn-I- Xn-cp-\mƒ- _m-e-cm-a-h¿-a- --(_n-)- hn-im-Jw- Xn-cp-\mƒ--(kn-)- D-Xw- Xn-cp-\mƒ- -(Un-)- io-aq-ew- Xn-cp-\mƒ-

36.- -t£-X-]-th-i-\-hn-fw-_-cw-]pds∏Sphn®- cm-Pm-hv-:--(F-)- am¿-Øm-fi-h¿-a- -(_n-)- io-aq-ew-Xn-cp-\mƒ--(kn-)- Nn-Øn-c- Xn-cp-\mƒ- -(Un-)- B-bn-eyw- Xn-cp-\mƒ-

37.- -Ip-e-ssZ-h-am-b- io-]-Zv-a-\m-`-\v- cm-Pyw-k-a¿-∏n-®v- am¿-Ømfi-h¿-a- Xr-∏-Sn-Zm-\w- \-S-Øn-b- h¿-jw-:--(F-)- 1729 -(_n-)- 1740-(kn-)- 1750 -(Un-)- 1758

38.- -a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- cm-jv-So-b-\m-S-Iw-:--(F-)- \n-ß-sf-s∂- I-ayp-Wn-Ãm-°n- -(_n-)- ]m-´-_m-°n--(kn-)- A-Sp-°-f-bn¬-\n-∂pw-A-c-ß-tØ-°v- (Un-)- \-Ω-sfm-∂v-

39.- -s\-t^m-f-Pn- F-¥n-s\-°p-dn-®p-≈- ]-T\-am-Wv-?--(F-)- hr-°- -(_n-)- a-Æv--(kn-)- ta-Lw- -(Un-)- \-Zn-

40.- -A-ta-cn -°-≥ tZ-io-b-]-Xm-I-bn-se-\£X-ß-fp-sS- F-Æw-:--(F-)- 13 - -(_n-)- 51-(kn-)- 50 -(Un-)- 100

41.- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- d-∫¿- ]m¿-°v-ÿm-]n-°-s∏-´-sX-hn-sS-?--(F-)- Ip-a-fn- -(_n-)- tIm-´-bw--(kn-)- sF-cm-]p-cw- (Un-)- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw-

42.- -C-¥y-bn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬-Im-ew-tIm-f -\n -` -c -W-Øn-\p -hn -t[-b-am -b-]tZiw-:--(F-)- am-ln- -(_n-)- kq-d-Øv--(kn-)- _w-Kmƒ- -(Un-)- tKm-h-

43.- -"-a-dm-Ø- am-Iy-sh-√n-'- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´-Xv-:--(F-)- Fw.-Pn.-dm-\-tU- -(_n-)- Pn.-sI.-tKm-J-se--(kn-)- \m-\m- Ûv-\hn-kv--(Un-)- in-h-Pn-

44.- -"-bm-N-\m- ]-Z-bm-X-'- \-bn-®-Xv-:--(F-)- sI.-tI-f-∏-≥(_n-)- hn.-Sn.-`-´-Xn-cn-∏m-Sv--(kn-)- F.-sI.-tKm-]m-e-≥ -(Un-)- a-∂-Øv- ]-Zv-a-\m-`-≥

45.- -tU-hn-Uv- s_-≥ Kq-dn-b-≥ G-Xp- cm-Py-Øn-s‚- cm-jv-S-]n-Xm-hm-Wv-?--(F-)- C-tk-b¬- -(_n-)- Xp¿-°n--(kn-)- kn-dn-b- -(Un-)- tPm¿-Zm-≥

46.- -"-F-\n-°v- a-s‰m-∂pw- hm-Kv-Zm-\w- sN-øm-\n-√- -tNm-c-bpw- I-Tn-\m-≤zm-\-hpw- I-Æo-cpw- hn-b¿-∏p-a-√m-sX-'- hn-≥Ã-¨- N¿-®n¬- Cu- ]-i-kv-X-am-b- hm-°p-Iƒ-Fhn-sS-sh-®m-Wv- ]-d-™-Xv-?--(F-)- sF-Iy-cm-jv-S-k-`-bn¬- -(_n-)- _n-ó-jv- ]m¿-e-sa-‚n¬--(kn-)- bp-≤-ap-∂-Wn-bn¬- ssk-\y-sØ-A-`n-kw-t_m-[-\- sN-bv-X-t∏mƒ--(Un-)- dq-kv-sh¬-‰n-s\- ssh-‰v- lu-kn¬-k-µ¿-in-®-t∏mƒ-

47.- -Pq-X-≥am¿- tI-c-f-Øn¬- h-∂n-d-ßn-b-h¿-jw-:--(F-)- F.-Un.-52 -(_n-)- F.-Un.-68-(kn-)- F.-Un.-72 -(Un-)- F.-Un.-345

48.- -"-km-ln-Xy-]-©m-\-≥'- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´-Xv:--(F-)- F.-B¿.-cm-P-cm-P-h¿-a-(_n-)- F.-_m-e-Ir-jv-W-]n-≈--(kn-)- kn.-hn.-cm-a-≥]n-≈- -(Un-)- ]n.-sI.-\m-cm-b-W-]n-≈-

49.- -G-Xv- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-bp-sS- Im-e-Øm-Wv- Cw-•o-jv- Cu-Ãn-¥ym-°-º-\n- ÿm-]n-X-am-b-Xv-?--(F-)- P-lmw-Ko¿- -(_n-)- A-Iv-_¿--(kn-)- jm-P-lm-≥ -(Un-)- lp-a-bq-¨-

50.- -"-sl-e-\n-Iv- kw-kv-Im-cw-'- \n-e-\n-∂n-cp-∂-Xv- G-Xp- cm-Py-Øm-Wv-?--(F-)- Ko-kv- -(_n-)- Cu-Pn-]v-Xv--(kn-)- ssN-\- -(Un-)- C-dm-°v-

51.- -H-∂mw- tI-c-f- \n-b-a-k-`-bn-se- sU]yq-ń-- kv-]o-°¿-:--(F-)- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W-≥ X-ºn- -(_n-)- A-bn-jm- `m-bn--(kn-)- tdm-k-Ωm- ]p-∂q-kv- -(Un-)- Sn.-hn.-tXm-a-kv-

52.- -"-`m-c-X-c-Xv-\-'- t\-Sn-b-h-cn¬- G-‰-hpw-IqSpX¬- Im-ew- Po-hn-®n-cp-∂-Xv-:--(F-)- Fw.-hn-tiz-iz-c-ø- -(_n-)- Kp¬-k-cn-em¬- \-µ--(kn-)- sam-dm¿-Pn- tZ-im-bn- -(Un-)- Un.-sI.-Im¿-th-

53.- -Xm-sg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-bn¬- bp-ssW-‰-Uv-InMv-U-Øn-s‚- `m-K-a-√m-Ø-Xv-:--(F-)- kv-tIm-Sv-e-≥Uv- (_n-)- sh-bv¬-kv--(kn-)- t\m¿-tØ-¨- A-b¿-e-≥Uv- -(Un-)- kn-kn-en-

54.- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Im-em-h-[n-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂- tem-Iv-k-`-:--(F-)- A-©mw- tem-Iv-k-`- -(_n-)- B-dmw- tem-Iv-k-`--(kn-)- G-gmw- tem-Iv-k-`- -(Un-)- F-´mw- tem-Iv-k-`-

55.- -tIm-Iv-]n-‰v- thm-bv-kv- sd-t°m¿-U-dn-s‚-a-s‰m-cp-t]-cm-Wv-:-

Practice Questions

18 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2016 Pq - 1

-(F-)- Hm-d-©v- t_m-Iv-kv- -(_n-)- ªm-°v- t_m-Iv-kv--(kn-)- t]m-fn-Km-^v- -(Un-)- aƒ-ń-ao-‰¿-

56.- -Xm-sg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-bn¬- c-≠p- Ip-f-ºp-≈-Po-hn-tb-Xv-:--(F-)- Ip-Xn-c- -(_n-)- ko-_--(kn-)- I-gp-X- -(Un-)- H-´-Iw-

57.- -tIm-i-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- ]-[m-\-s∏-´-`mKw-:--(F-)- \yq-¢n-b-kv- -(_n-)- sse-tkm-tkmw--(kn-)- ssd-t_m-tkmw--(Un-)- ssa-t‰m-tIm-¨-Un-b-

58.- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- C-‚¿-s\-‰v -k¿ho-kv- s]m-ssh-U¿-:--(F-)- k-Xyw- C-≥t^m-th- -(_n-)- _n.-F-kv.-F-≥.-F¬.--(kn-)- hn.-F-kv.-F-≥.-F¬- -(Un-)- Fw.-Sn.-F-≥.-F¬-

59.- -"-C-·u-'- ÿm-]n-X-am-b- h¿-jw-:--(F-)- 1984 -(_n-)- 1985-(kn-)- 1986 -(Un-)- 1987

60.- -Xm-sg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-bn¬- H-fn-ºn-Iv-kv- \-S∂- h¿-jw-?--(F-)- 1940 -(_n-)- 1948-(kn-)- 1944 -(Un-)- 1916

61.- -G-Xp- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-bp-sS- `-c-W-Im-e-Øm-Wv- `m-c-Xw- eq-bn- ]-Xn-\m-em-a-s‚- Im-e-sØ- ^m-≥kn-t\m-Sp- km-Zr-iyw- h-ln-°p-∂-Xv-?--(F-)- A-Iv-_¿- -(_n-)- jm-P-lm-≥-(kn-)- P-lmw-Ko¿- -(Un-)- Hu-dw-K-ko-_v-

62.- -tI-c-f-Øn¬- I-ayp-Wn-Ãv- ]m¿-ń-bp-sS-BZy-sØ- sk-I-´-dn--(F-)- ]n.-Ir-jv-W-]n-≈--(_n-)- F.-sI.-Pn.--(kn-)- C.-Fw.-F-kv-(Un-)- sI.-]n.-B¿.-tKm-]m-e-≥

63.- -`-c-W-L-Sm-\m-]-c-am-b- ]-cn-lm-c-ßƒ-°p-≈- A-h-Im-i-sØ- "-`-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS- lr-Z-b-hpw- B-flm-hpw-'- F-∂p- hn-ti-jn-∏n-®-Xv-:--(F-)- Km-‘n-Pn- -(_n-)- _n.-B¿.-Aw-t_-Zv-I¿--(kn-)- P-hm-l¿-em¬- s\-lp- -(Un-)- sF-h¿- sP-∂n-Mv-kv-

64.- -1934˛¬- G-Xv- ÿm-\-t∏-cn-em-Wv- ln-‰v-e¿- P¿-a-\n -bn¬- A-[n -Im-c -Øn¬-h∂Xv?--(F-)- Nm-≥k-e¿- -(_n-)- ^yq-d¿--(kn-)- ]-kn-U-‚ v- -(Un-)- F-º-d¿-

65.- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- a-g-°m-Sv-F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-?--(F-)- tX-°-Sn -(_n-)- ssk-e-‚ v- hm-en--(kn-)- s\-√n-bm-º-Xn- (Un-)- aq-∂m¿-

66.- -th-Z-hym-k-s‚- b-Ym¿-Y-t]-cv-:--(F-)- c-Xv-\m-I-c-≥(_n-)- Ir-jv-W-ssZz-]m-b-\-≥-(kn-)- tZ-h-hr-X-≥ -(Un-)- ]-Pm-]-Xn-

67.- -C-¥y-bn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬-Im-ew-Kh¿-W¿- P-\-d-em-bn-cp-∂-Xv-:--(F-)- hm-d-≥ tl-Ãn-Mv-kv-(_n-)- en-≥en-Xv-tKm- ]-`p--(kn-)- U¬-lu-kn- ]-`p-(Un-)- Im-\n-Mv- ]-`p-

68.- -A-t‰m-an-Iv- \-º¿- F-∂-Xv- \yq-¢n-b-kn-ep-≈- F-¥n-s‚- F-Æ-am-Wv-?--(F-)- t]m-t´m-¨- -(_n-)- \yq-tSm-¨--(kn-)- C-e-Iv-tSm-¨--(Un-)- C-h-sbm-∂p-a-√-

69.- -"-Ip-dn-Ny- I-em-]w-'- \-S-∂- h¿-jw-:--(F-)- 1812 -(_n-)- 1721-(kn-)- 1858 -(Un-)- 1891

70.- -1891˛-se- "-a-e-bm-fn- sa-tΩm-dn-b-en-\p-'-t\Xr-Xzw- \¬-In-b-Xv-:--(F-)- a-∂-Øp- ]-Zv-a-\m-`-≥-(_n-)- N-´-ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ--(kn-)- sI.-]n.-i-¶-c-ta-t\m-≥-(Un-)- kn.-i-¶-c-≥\m-b¿-

71.- -" -Cu-g-h- sa-tΩm-dn-b¬-'-(1896)- G-Xp-cmPm-hn-\m-Wp- k-a¿-∏n-®-Xv-?--(F-)- Nn-Øn-c- Xn-cp-\mƒ- -(_n-)- io-aq-ew- Xn-cp-\mƒ--(kn-)- hn-im-Jw- Xn-cp-\mƒ- -(Un-)- D-Xw- Xn-cp-\mƒ-

72.- -"-hm-K-¨- Sm-P-Un-'- \-S-∂- h¿-jw-:--(F-)- 1921 -(_n-)- 1922-(kn-)- 1924 -(Un-)- 1930

73.- -A-bn-Øm-Nm-c-Øn-s\-Xn-sc- C-¥y-bn¬-\-S-∂- B-Zy- k-Xym-K-lw-:--(F-)- ssh-°w- k-Xym-K-lw- -(_n-)- Kp-cp-hm-bq¿- k-Xym-K-lw--(kn-)- ]m-en-bw- k-Xym-K-lw-(Un-)- ip-No-µw- k-Xym-K-lw-

74.- -In-kv-Xp-a-Xw- ]-N-cn-∏n-°m-≥ tI-c-f-Øn¬- B-Zy-am-bn- F-Øn-b-Xv-:--(F-)- hm-kv-tIm- U- Km-a-(_n-)- am-Ã¿- dm¬-^v- ^n-®v--(kn-)- sk-‚ v- tXm-a-kv- -(Un-)- am-en-Iv- _n-≥ Zn-\m¿-

75.- -Ko-°p- ]p-cm-W-ß-fn-se- k-ap-Z-tZ-h-≥:--(F-)- s\-]v-‰yq-¨- -(_n-)- t]m-ssk-tUm-¨--(kn-)- Ip-]n-Uv- -(Un-)- am-gv-kv-

76.- -`q-an-bp-sS- sX-t°-b-‰-sØ- `q-J-Wv-Uw-:--(F-)- A-‚m¿-ń-°- -(_n-)- Hm-kv-tS-en-b--(kn-)- sX-t°- A-ta-cn-°- -(Un-)- B-^n-°-

77.- -1975˛¬- ]-Jym-]n-®- B-`y-¥-c- A-Sn-b-¥-cm-h-ÿ- 1977˛¬- ]n-≥h-en-®-Xv-?-(F-)- k-Rv-Po-h-sd-Õn--(_n-)- _n.-Un.-P-ń-(kn-)- Fw.-ln-Zm-b-Øp-≈(Un-)- ^-Ip-±o-≥ A-en- A-l-Ω-Zv-

78.- -F-h-d-Ãv- Io-g-S-°n-b- B-Zy- ]-cy-th-j-W-kw-L-sØ -(1953)- \-bn-®-Xm-cv-?-(F-)- tPm¿-Pv- F-h-d-Ãv- -(_n-)- F-Uv-a-≠v- ln-em-cn-(kn-)- sS-≥kn-Mv- -(Un-)- tPm-¨- l-≠v-

79.- -sF-Iy-cm-jv-S-k- -bp-sS- Xp-S-°-Im-e-Øv-Hu-tZym-Kn-I-`m-j-b-√m-Xn-cp-∂-Xv-:--(F-)- ssN-\o-kv- -(_n-)- kv-]m-\n-jv--(kn-)- d-jy-≥ -(Un-)- A-d-_n-

80.- -tN-\- ap-dn-®m¬- sNm-dn-®n-ep-≠m-°p-∂-cm-k-h-kv-Xp-:--(F-)- Im¬-kyw- Hm-Iv-k-te-‰v-(_n-)- tkm-Un-bw- s_-≥tkm-th-‰v-(kn-)- Im¬-kyw- Im¿-_-tW-‰v-(Un-)- Im¬-kyw- k¬-t^-‰v-

81.- -A-ta-cn -°-≥ sF-Iy-\m-Sp -I-fn -se-kwÿm-\-ßƒ-:-(F-)- 51 -(_n-)- 100(kn-)- 13 -(Un-)- 50

82.- -t]m-∏n-s‚- Hu-tZym-Kn-I- h-k-Xn-:-(F-)- A-t∏m-kv-X-en-I- sIm-´m-cw-(_n-)- Izn-dn-\n-b¬- sIm-´m-cw-(kn-)- sk-‚ v- ]o-t‰-gv-kv- _-kn-en-°-(Un-)- km-¥m- a-dn-b- am-Kn-tbm-dn-

83.- -"-bp-h-Xp¿-°n-'- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´- t\-Xm-hv-:-(F-)- hn.-]n.-kn-Mv-(_n-)- F-kv.-N-µ-ti-J¿-(kn-)- _-“m-\-µ- sd-Õn--(Un-)- cm-Po-hv- Km-‘n-

84.- -kw-ÿm-\- \n-b-a-k- -bp-sS- B-Zy- k-tΩ-f-\w- D-Zv-Lm-S-\w- sN-øp-∂-Xm-cv-?-(F-)- ap-Jy-a-¥n- -(_n-)- kv-]o-°¿-(kn-)- K-h¿-W¿-(Un-)- U-]yq-ń- kv-]o-°¿-

85.- -C-¥y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn- hn-P-b-I-c-am-bn-Hm∏¨- lm¿-´v- k¿-P-dn- \-S-Øn-b-Xv-:-(F-)- tUm.-]n.-th-Wp-tKm-]m¬- -(_n-)- tUm.-F-≥.-tKm-]n-\m-Yv,tUm.-]n.-F-®v.-s_-‰v-kv-(kn-)- tUm.-C-µn-cm- ln-µp-P- -(Un-)- tUm.-sI.-Fw.-sN-dn-bm-≥

86.- -C-¥y-bn¬- tIm-f-\n-`-c-Ww- ]-cn-]q¿-W-am-bn- A-h-km-\n-®- h¿-jw-?-(F-)- 1947 -(_n-)- 1950

(kn-)- 1954 -(Un-)- 196187.- -C-¥y-bp-sS- B-Zy-sØ- sa-bn-≥ _m-‰n¬-

Sm-¶v-?-(F-)- A¿-Pp-≥ -(_n-)- kq-cy-(kn-)- ]r-Yzn- -(Un-)- e-£y-

88.- -\n-h¿-Ø-\- ]-t£m-`-W-Øn-\v- B-t]cp- \n¿-t±-in-®- `m-jm- ]-Wv-Un-X-≥:-(F-)- sF.-kn.-Nm-t°m- -(_n-)- sN-Ω-\w- Nm-t°m-(kn-)- tI-i-h-tZ-hv- (Un-)- C-h-cm-cp-a-√-

89.- -B-K- tIm-´- ]-Wn-I-gn-∏n-®-Xv-:-(F-)- A-Iv-_¿- -(_n-)- tj¿-jm-(kn-)- Hu-dw-K-ko-_v- -(Un-)- P-lmw-Ko¿-

90.- -P-hm-l¿-em¬- s\-lp-hn-s‚- C-S-°m-e-a-¥n-k-`-bn¬- \n-b-a- h-Ip-∏p-a-¥n-bm-bn-cp-∂-Xv--?-(F-)- tUm.-Aw-t_-Zv-I¿- -(_n-)- P-Kv-Po-h-≥ dmw-(kn-)- tPm-¨- a-Øm-bn- -(Un-)- tPm-Kn-µ¿- \m-Yv- a-Wv-U¬-

91.- -sIm-®n-bn-se- G-Xp- cm-Pm-hn-\m-Wv-t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im¿- a-´m-t©-cn- sIm-´mcw- \n¿-an-®p- \¬-In-b-Xv-(F-)- i-‡-≥ X-ºp-cm-≥ -(_n-)- ho-c-tI-c-f- h¿-a-(kn-)- ]-co-£n-Øp- X-ºp-cm-≥-(Un-)- cm-a-h¿-a-

92.- -tI-c-f- K-h¿-W¿- ]-Z-hn- h-ln-®n- p-≈- dn -tb¿-Uv- sF.-F.-F-kv.-Hm-ô-k¿-:-(F-)- cm-a-Ir-jv-W-dm-hp-(_n-)- kn-°-µ¿- `-‡v-(kn-)- Sn.-F-≥.-N-Xp¿-th-Zn- -(Un-)- tPym-Xn- sh-¶n-Sm-N-ew-

93.- -C-¥y-≥ \m-j-W¬- tIm-¨-K-kv- i-Xm-_v-Zn- B-tLm-jn-®-t∏mƒ- tIm-¨-K-kv-]-kn-U-‚m-bn-cp-∂-Xv-:-(F-)- ko-Xm-dmw- tI-k-cn-(_n-)- tkm-Wn-bm-Km-‘n-(kn-)- \-c-knw-l-dm-hp- -(Un-)- cm-Po-hv-Km-‘n-

94.- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- th-K-Øn¬- N-en-°m≥ I-gn-bp-∂- ]-£n-:-(F-)- H-´-I-∏-£n-(_n-)- s]-cn-Ko-≥ ^m¬-°-¨-(kn-)- kzn-^v-‰v- -(Un-)- ]m-hv-

95.- -C-cp-]-Xmw- \q-‰m-≠n¬- P-\n-®-h-cn¬-C¥y-≥ ]-kn-U-‚m-b- B-Zy- hy-‡n-:-(F-)- ^-Ip-±o-≥ A-en- A-l-Ω-Zv- -(_n-)- Kym-\n- sk-bn¬- kn-Mv-(kn-)- \o-ew- k-Rv-Po-h- sd-Õn--(Un-)- hn.-hn.-Kn-cn-

96.- -a-[y-Im-e- tI-c-f-Øn¬- ssh-Zn-I- hn-⁄m-\-Øn-epw- B-bp-[m- ym-k-Øn-epw-H-tc-t]m-se- ]m-K-e-v-`yw- ]-Z¿-in-∏n-®n-cp-∂- \-ºq-Xn-cn- bp-hm-°ƒ-:-(F-)- tN-I-h¿- -(_n-)- Nm-Øn-c¿- -(kn-)- N-ßm-Xw- -(Un-)- Nm-th¿-

97.- -c-_o-µ-\m-Yv- Sm-tKm-dn-s‚- Ko-Xm-Rv-P-en-Cw-•o-jn-te-°v- ]-cn- m-j-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv-:-(F-)- A-c-hn-µ-tLm-jv--(_n-)- c-_o-µ-\m-Yv- Sm-tKm¿-(kn-)- hn-eyw- _¿-´-¨- tb-‰v-kv-(Un-)- C-h-cm-cp-a-√-

98.- -"-Rm-≥ ap-´p-Ip-Øn-\n-∂p-sIm-≠v- A-ß-tbm-Sv- A-∏w- tNm-Zn-®p.- F-∂m¬- I-√m-Wv- A-ßv- F-dn-™p-X-∂-Xv-'- Km-‘n-Pn-B-sc-°p-dn-®m-Wv- C-ß-s\- ]-d-™-Xv-?-(F-)- au-≠v-_m-‰-¨- ]-`p-(_n-)- hn-≥Ã-¨- N¿-®n¬-(kn -) - dmw -tk- a -I v -sUm -Wmƒ-Uv -(Un-)- do-Un-Mv- ]-`p-

99.- -"-hn.-F-≥.-sX-t°-∏m-´v-'- F-∂- Xq-en-Im-\ma-Øn¬- I-hn-X-sb-gp-Xn-b- a-e-bm-f-km-ln-Xy-Im-c-≥:-(F-)- F-≥.-hn.-Ir-jv-W-hm-cy¿--(_n-)- Fw.-Sn.-hm-kp-tZ-h-≥ \m-b¿-(kn-)- F-≥.-]n.-ap-l-Ω-Zv- -(Un-)- H.-hn.-hn-P-b-≥

100.- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy- C.-Fw.-F-kv.-a-¥n-

k-`- A-[n-Im-c-Øn¬- h-∂- Xo-b-Xn-:--(F-)- 01.-04.-1957 -(_n-)- 27.-04.-1957-(kn-)- 10.-04.-1957 -(Un-)- 05.-04.-1957

Answers1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (a) 4 (d) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (a) 8 (b) 9 (c)10 (c) 11 (d) 12 (b) 13 (c) 14 (b)15 (c) 16 (c)17 (b) 18 (b) 19 (b) 20 (b)21 (c) 22 (b) 23 (b) 24 (a) 25 (b) 26 (c) 27 (a)28 (d) 29 (c) 30 (b) 31 (b) 32 (a) 33 (c) 34 (b)35 (a) 36 (c) 37 (c) 38 (b) 39 (c) 40 (c) 41 (c)42 (d) 43 (c) 44 (b) 45 (a) 46 (b) 47 (b) 48 (d)49 (b) 50 (a) 51 (b)52 (d)53 (d)54 (a) 55 (b)56 (d) 57 (a) 58 (c) 59 (b) 60 (b) 61 (b) 62 (a)63 (b) 64 (b)65 (b)66 (b)67 (a) 68 (c)69 (a) 70 (c) 71 (b) 72 (a)73 (a) 74 (c)75 (b) 76 (a)77 (b)78 (d)79 (d)80 (a)81 (d) 82 (a) 83 (b) 84 (c) 85 (b) 86 (d) 87 (a)88 (a) 89 (a) 90 (d) 91 (b) 92 (c) 93 (d) 94 (b)95 (a) 96 (b) 97 (b) 98 (d) 99 (b) 100 (d).

21.- -G-Xp- cm-Pm-hn-s‚- Im-e-Øm-Wv- kz-

tZim-`n-am-\n- sI.-cm-a-Ir-jv-W-]n-≈-sb-Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬-\n-∂pw- \m-Sp- I-S-Øn-b-Xv:--(F-)- Nn-Øn-c- Xn-cp-\mƒ- -(_n-)- io-aq-ew- Xn-cp-\mƒ--(kn-)- B-bn-eyw- Xn-cp-\mƒ- -(Un-)- Im¿-Øn-I- Xn-cp-\mƒ-

2.- -"-em¬,-]m¬,-_m¬-'- F-∂-Xn-se- em¬-B-cm-bn-cp-∂p-?-(F-)- em-em- l¿-Z-bm¬--(_n-)- em¬- _-lm-Zq¿- im-kv-Xn-(kn-)- em-em- e-Pv-]-Xv-dm-bn-(Un-)- a-Z-≥em¬- Zn-≥K-

3.- -" -cm-jv-Sw,- A-Xv- Rm-\m-Wv-' - F-∂p-]d™- ^-©p-N-I-h¿-Øn-:-(F-)- eq-bn- ]-Xn-\-©m-a-≥ -(_n-)- eq-bn- ]-Xn-\m-dm-a-≥(kn-)- eq-bn- ]-Xn-\m-em-a-≥ -(Un-)- s\-t∏m-fn-b-≥

4.- -"-tN-\-Ø-≠-≥'- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- ]m-ºv:-(F-)- A-W-en- -(_n-)- aq¿-J-≥(kn-)- iw-Jp-h-c-b-≥ -(Un-)- cm-P-sh-ºm-e-

5.- -"-hn-iz-hn-P-bn-'- F-∂v- A¿-Y-ap-≈- t]-cp-kzo-I-cn-®- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-:-(F-)- A-Iv-_¿- -(_n-)- Hu-dw-K-ko-_v-(kn-)- P-lmw-Ko¿- -(Un-)- jm-P-lm-≥

6.- -" -s\-^v-Ø-en- dn-t°m¿-tUm- dn-b-kv-'-GXp- t]-cn-em-Wv- ]-i-kv-X-\m-b-Xv-?-(F-)- s_¿-Wm-Uv- jm--(_n-)- ]m-tªm- ]n-°m-tkm-(kn-)- am-Iv-knw- tKm¿-°n- -(Un-)- ]m-tªm- s\-cp-Zm-

7.- -G-Xp- ]-[m-\-a-¥n-bp-sS- Im-e-Øm-Wv-au-en-Im-h-Im-i-ß-fp-sS- ]-ń-I-bn¬-\n-∂v- kz-Øn-\p-≈- A-h-Im-iw- \o-°w-sNbvXXv-?-(F-)- P-hm-l¿-em¬- s\-lp--(_n-)- C-µn-cm-Km-\v-[n-(kn-)- sam-dm¿-Pn- tZ-im-bn- -(Un-)- N-c-¨-kn-Mv-

8.- -G-Xp- hw-i-Øn-se- cm-Pm-hm-bn-cp-∂p-l¿j-h¿-[-\-≥?-(F-)- Kp-]v-X- -(_n-)- au-cy-(kn-)- Nu-lm-≥ -(Un-)- ]p-jy-`q-Xn-

9.- -"-a-l-Øm-b- hn-π-h-'-Im-e-sØ- (1688)-_nó-jv- cm-Pm-hv-:-(F-)- sP-bnw-kv- c-≠m-a-≥ -(_n-)- Nmƒ-kv- c-≠m-a-≥(kn-)- sP-bnw-kv- H-∂m-a-≥ -(Un-)- tPm¿-Pv- H-∂m-a-≥

10.- -G-‰-hp-sam-Sp-hn¬- C-¥y-≥ bq-Wn-b-\n¬-tN¿-°-s∏-´- `-c-W-L-S-Iw-:-(F-)- a-ø-gn- -(_n-)- Z-Z- \-K¿- l-th-en-(kn-)- tKm-h- -(Un-)- C-h-sbm-∂p-a-√-

11.- -sP.-kn.-_n.- F-∂- t]-cn-e-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-

2016 Pq - 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 19

b¥-Øn-s‚- a-s‰m-cp- t]-cv-:-(F-)- tdm-f¿- -(_n-)- tdm-f¿- tIm-Ã¿-(kn-)- s]m-ss¢-bv-≥ -(Un-)- F-kv-I-te-‰¿-

12.- -tI-c-f-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂- kp-K-‘- hy-Rv-P-\w-(F-)- Ip-cp-ap-f-Iv- -(_n-)- hm-\n-e-(kn-)- Ip-¶p-aw- -(Un-)- G-ew-

13.- -G-e-Øn-s‚- P-∑-tZ-iw-:-(F-)- sa-Iv-kn-t°m- -(_n-)- Im-\-U-(kn-)- Z-£n-tW-¥y- -(Un-)- C-s¥m-\o-jy-

14.- -kv-ss]-k-kv- t_m¿-Un-s‚- B-ÿm-\w-:-(F-)- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw- -(_n-)- _mw-•q¿-(kn-)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- - (Un-)- sIm-®n-

15.- -D-t√-J- Km-b-I-≥ F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´- a-e-bmf- I-hn-:-(F-)- Ip-am-c-\m-im-≥ (_n-)- D-≈q¿-(kn-)- N-ß-ºp-g- -(Un-)- h-≈-tØmƒ-

16.- -kw-t£-]-th-Zm¿-Yw- 1772˛¬- F-hn-sS-\n∂p-am-Wv- ]-kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv-?-(F-)- tdmw- -(_n-)- Bw-Ã¿-Umw-(kn-)- ]m-co-kv- -(Un-)- e-≠-≥

17.- -"-Ir-jv-W-Km-Y-'- c-Nn-®-Xv-?-(F-)- F-gp-Ø-—-≥ -(_n-)- sN-dp-t»-cn-(kn-)- h-≈-tØmƒ- -(Un-)- ]q-¥m-\w-

18.- -K-P-Km-an-\n- c-Nn-®- Nn-X-Im-c-≥?-(F-)- cm-Pm- c-hn-h¿-a- -(_n-)- sI.-kn.-F-kv.-]-Wn-°¿-(kn-)- Fw.-F-^v.-lp-ssk-≥ -(Un-)- A-ar-Xm- sj¿-Kn¬-

19.- -tI-c-f- k¿-°m¿- I¿-j-I-Zn-\w- B-N-cn-°p-∂-Xv-?-(F-)- a-I-cw- 1 -(_n-)- Xp-emw- 1(kn-)- a-I-cw- 10 -(Un-)- Nn-ßw- 1

20.- -C-¥y-bn¬- B-Zy-am-bn- ap-gph-≥ Km-a-ß-fn-epw- sS-e-t^m- - e- y-am-°n-b- Pn-√-?-(F-)- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw- -(_n-)- tIm-´-bw-(kn-)- Z-£n-W- Im-\-d- -(Un-)- A-P-ao¿-

21.- -ssh-Zyp-X-_ƒ-_n-s‚- ^n-e-sa-‚ v- \n¿-an-°m-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂- tem-lw-?-(F-)- \n-tImw- -(_n-)- S-Mv-Ã-¨-(kn-)- ssS-‰m-\n-bw- -(Un-)- C-dn-Un-bw-

22.- -A-®-Sn-b-¥w- I-≠p-]n-Sn-®-Xv-(F-)- Kp-´-≥_¿-Kv- -(_n-)- Cu-Ãv-am-≥(kn-)- hm-´¿-am-≥ -(Un-)- U-¨-e-]v-

23.- -C-¥y-≥ hn-]-Wn-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- hn-e-IqSnb- kp-K-‘-hy-Rv-P-\w-:-(F-)- hm-\n-e- -(_n-)- G-ew-(kn-)- Ip-cp-ap-f-Iv- -(Un-)- Ip-¶p-aw-

24.- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- H-∂m-a-sØ- a-¥n-k-`-FX- am-k-am-Wv- `-cn-®-Xv-?-(F-)- 28 -(_n-)- 30(kn-)- 36 -(Un-)- 24

25.- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- Im¿-jn-I- F-©n-\o-b-dnMv- tIm-tf-Pv- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂-Xv-?-(F-)- a-Æq-Øn- -(_n-)- X-h-\q¿-(kn-)- sh-≈m-b-Wn- -(Un-)- ]o-®n-

26.- -A-cn-ºm-d- D-≠m-Ip-∂-Xn-\p- Im-c-Ww-?-(F-)- _m-Iv-So-cn-b- -(_n-)- ^w-K-kv-(kn-)- ssh-d-kv- (Un-)- t]m-t´m-tkm-h-

27.- -G-‰ -hpw - Iq -Sp -X¬- cm -Py -ß-fp -≈-`qJWvUw-?-(F-)- G-jy- (_n-)- bq-tdm-∏v-(kn-)- sX-t°- A-ta-cn-° (Un-)- B-^n-°-

28.- - m-c-Xo-b- P-\-kw-L-Øn-s‚- ÿm-]-I-≥?-(F-)- iym-a-]-km-Zv- ap-J¿-Pn- -(_n-)- kn.-cm-P-tKm-]m-em-Nm-cn-(kn-)- kn.-B¿.-Zm-kv-(Un-)- _n.-B¿.-Aw-t_-Zv-I¿-

29.- -Im-Zw-_-cn- c-Nn-®-Xm-cv-?-(F-)- Im-fn-Zm-k-≥ -(_n-)- _m-W-`-´-≥(kn-)- `m-k-≥ -(Un-)- iq-Z-I-≥

30.- -G-Xp- tem-l-Øn-s‚- A-bn-cm-Wv- t_mIv-ssk-‰v-?-(F-)- C-cp-ºv- -(_n-)- sN-ºv-(kn-)- A-ep-an-\n-bw- -(Un-)- kz¿-Ww-

31.- -_m-kv-I-‰v-t_mƒ-So-an-se- I-fn-°m-cp-sS-F-Æw-?-(F-)- 7 -(_n-)- 6(kn-)- 11 -(Un-)- 5

32.- -"-k-Ω-Xn-bp-sS- \n¿-am-Ww-'- F-∂- k-ao-]-\-sØ-°p-dn-®v- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-®- B-[p-\n-I- Nn-¥-I-≥:-(F-)- km¿-Xv- -(_n-)- t\mw- tNmw-kv-In-(kn-)- sZ-°m¿-sØ- -(Un-)- S¿-P-t\-hv-

33.- -1920˛¬- B-fl-hn-Zym-kw-Lw- ÿm-]n-®Xv?-(F-)- hm-Kv-`-Sm-\-µ-≥-(_n-)- in-hm-\-µ-tbm-Kn-(kn-)- k-tlm-Z-c-≥ A-ø-∏-≥ -(Un-)- A-ø-≥Im-fn-

34.- -C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- Xm-gv-∂- ÿ-ew-:-(F-)- I-\ym-Ip-am-cn--(_n-)- dm-≥ Hm-^v- I-®v-(kn-)- C-µn-cm-t]m-bn-‚ v- -(Un-)- Ip-´-\m-Sv-

35.- -I-c-bn-se- ar-K-ß-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- \o-fw-IqSn-b- hm-ep-≈-Xv-:-(F-)- B-\- -(_n-)- Pn-dm-^v- -(kn-)- H-´-Iw- -(Un-)- No-‰-

36.- -B-¥-am-\n-s\-bpw- \n-t°m-_m-dn-s\-bpw-th¿-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xv-:-(F-)- 8 Un-Kn- Nm-\¬- -(_n-)- 12 Un-Kn- Nm-\¬-(kn-)- 10 Un-Kn- Nm-\¬- -(Un-)- ]m-Iv- I-S-en-Sp-°v-

37.- -a-lm-flm-Km-\v-[n-sb- k-am-[m-\- s\m-t_-en-\v- B-Zy-am-bn- \m-a-\n¿-t±-iw- sN-bv-X- h¿-jw-:-(F-)- 1934 -(_n-)- 1937 -(kn-)- 1938 -(Un-)- 1939

38.- -G-Xv- K-h¿-W¿- P-\-d-en-s‚-/-ssh-tkm-bn-bp-sS- Im-e-Øm-Wv- hn-Iv-tSm-dn-b- a-lm-dm-Wn-sb- C-¥y-bp-sS- N-I-h¿-Øn-\n-bm-bn- ]-Jym-]n-®-Xv-?-(F-)- U¬-lu-kn- ]-`p-(_n-)- Im-\n-Mv- ]-`p-(kn-)- dn-∏-¨- ]-`p- -(Un-)- en-‰-¨- ]-`p-

39.- -C-¥y-bn-se- ap-…nw- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- hn-kv-Xo¿-Ww- Iq-Sn-b- cm-Pyw- D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv-?-(F-)- ap-l-Ω-Zv- _n-≥ Xp-•-Iv- -(_n-)- C¬-Øp-an-jv-(kn-)- Hu-dw-K-ko-_v- -(Un-)- tj¿-jm-

40.- -kn-°p-Im-cp-sS- A-©v- "-I-'- I-fn¬- Dƒ-s∏-Sm-Ø-Xv- G-Xv-?-(F-)- Ir-]m-¨- -(_n-)- I-c-(kn-)- tI-iv- -(Un-)- In-Xm-_v-

41.- -G-‰-hpw- \o-≠- K¿- -Im-e-ap-≈- k-kv-X-\w-:-(F-)- Pn-dm-^v- (_n-)- G-jy-≥ B-\-(kn-)- B-^n-°-≥ B-\- -(Un-)- Xn-anw-Kn-ew-

42.- -a-lm-t_m-[n-t£-Xw- G-Xp- kw-ÿm-\-Øv- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂p-?-(F-)- _o-lm¿- -(_n-)- D-Ø¿-]-tZ-iv-(kn-)- Pm¿-J-Wv-Uv- -(Un-)- I¿-Wm-S-Iw-

43.- -G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- ]m¿-e-sa-‚ v- a-µn-cw-GXp- cm-Py-Øn-t‚-Xm-Wv-?-(F-)- ssN-\- -(_n-)- bp.-F-kv.-F.-(kn-)- C-¥y- -(Un-)- sdm-ta-\n-b-

44.- - C-¥y-bp-sS- hn-kv-Xo¿-Ww- F-X- e-£w-N-Xp-c-i-ssa¬- B-Wv-?-(F-)- 38.-86 -(_n-)- 12.-69(kn-)- 32.-87 -(Un-)- 20.-54

45.- -A-ta-cn -°-≥ sF-Iy-\m-Sp -I-fn -se-G‰hpw- sN-dn-b- kw-ÿm-\w-:-(F-)- l-hm-bv- -(_n-)- thym-an-Mv-(kn-)- tdm-Uv- sF-e-‚ v- -(Un-)- sIm-fw-_n-b-

46.- -cm-Py-k-`m-sN-b¿-am-s‚- A-`m-h-Øn¬-A-t±-l-Øn-s‚- Np-a-X-e-Iƒ- \n¿-h-ln-°p-∂-Xv- B-cm-Wv-?-(F-)- U-]yq-ń- kv-]o-°¿--(_n-)- D-]-cm-jv-S-]-Xn-(kn-)- U-]yq-ń- sN-b¿-am-≥(Un-)- cm-Py-k-`m- sk-I-´-dn- P-\-d¬-

47.- -tI-µ- \n-b-a-\n¿-am-W-k-`-bp-sS- ]-kn-U-‚m-bn- Xn-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏- - B-Zy-sØ-C-¥y-°m-c-≥:-(F-)- k-®n-Zm-\-µ- kn-≥l- -

(_n-)- Pn.-hn.-am-hv-e-¶¿-(kn-)- cm-tP-µ-]-km-Zv--(Un-)- hn-Ø¬-`m-bn- ]-t´¬-

48.- -tdm-am-N-cn-X-Øn¬- A-K-Ã-kn-s‚- Im-e-Øn-\p-≈- km-ln-Xy-]m-[m-\yw- hn-P-b-\-K-c-N-cn-X-Øn¬- G-Xp- cm-Pm-hn-s‚-`cW-Im-e-Øn-\m-Wp-≈-Xv-?-(F-)- Ir-jv-W-tZ-h-cm-b¿-(_n-)- cm-a-cm-b¿-(kn-)- l-cn-l-c-≥ -(Un-)- _p-°-≥

49.- -Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- Zn-hm-\m-b- H-tc-sbm-cp-ap-…nw-:-(F-)- t]m-°p-aq-k- -(_n-)- l-_o-_p-≈-(kn-)- Ip-™m-en- -(Un-)- C-h-cm-cp-a-√-

50.- -P-hm-l¿-em¬- s\-lp-hn-s‚- C-S-°m-e-a-¥n-k-`-bn¬- en-bm-J-Øv- A-en- Jm-≥ Np-a-X-e-h-ln-®- h-Ip-∏v-:-(F-)- ]-Xn-tcm-[w- -(_n-)- sXm-gn¬-(kn-)- [-\-Im-cyw- -(Un-)- \n-b-aw-

51.- -C-¥y- B-Zy-am-bn- H-fn-ºn-Iv-kn¬- ]-s¶-Sp-Ø- h¿-jw-:-(F-)- 1896 -(_n-)- 1900(kn-)- 1928 -(Un-)- 1936

52.- -"-am-Kv-k-tk- A-hm¿-Uv-'- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv?-(F-)- tdm-°v-s^-√¿- _-tZ-gv-kv- ^-≠v-(_n-)- s\m-t_¬- û-t≠-j-≥(kn-)- d-a-¨- am-Kv-k-tk- -(Un-)- Bw-\-Ãn- C-‚¿-\m-j-W¬-

53.- -^-©p-hn-π-h-Im-e-Øv- in-c-t—-Zw- sN-ø-s∏-´- im-kv-X-Im-c-≥:-(F-)- tPm-k-^v- ]o-Ãv-en- -(_n-)- em-thm-kn-b¿-(kn-)- Im-h-≥Un-jv- -(Un-)- K-eo-en-tbm-

54.- -"-I-a-em- Kp-]v-X-'- tSm-^n- G-Xp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p-?-(F-)- ^p-Sv-t_mƒ- -(_n-)- sN-kv-(kn-)- thm-fo-t_mƒ- -(Un-)- In-°-‰v-

55.- -"-\-tdm-d- A-t‰m-an-Iv- ]-h¿- tÃ-j-≥'- G-Xp- kw-ÿm-\-Øm-Wv-?-(F-)- a-lm-cm-jv-S- -(_n-)- D-Ø¿-]-tZ-iv-(kn-)- D-Ø-cm-J-¨-Uv--(Un-)- ]-›n-a- _w-Kmƒ-

56.- -`q-tI-µ-Øn¬-\n-∂pw- G-‰-hpw- A-I-se-bm-bn- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂- sIm-Sp-ap-Sn-:-(F-)- F-h-d-Ãv- -(_n-)- au-\m- In-bm-(kn-)- Im-©-≥Pw-K-(Un-)- Nnw-t_m-cm-tkm-

57.- -"-\m-Yp-e- Np-cw-'- G-Xp- kw-ÿm-\-Øm-Wv?-(F-)- A-cp-Wm-N¬- ]-tZ-iv- -(_n-)- P-Ωp- I-iv-ao¿-(kn-)- kn-°nw- (Un-)- ln-am-N¬- ]-tZ-iv-

58.- -C-¥y-bn¬- kp-\m-an- ap-∂-dn-bn-∏v- tI-µw-ÿm-]n-®-sX-hn-sS-bm-Wv-?-(F-)- \yq-U¬-ln- -(_n-)- ssl-Z-cm-_m-Zv-(kn-)- I-\ym-Ip-am-cn- -(Un-)- sIm-®n-

59.- -B-Zy-sØ- am-≥ G-jy- en-‰-d-dn- A-hm¿-Uv- t\-Sn-b- Pn-bm-Mv- tdm-Mv- G-Xp- cm-Py-°m-c-\m-Wv-?-(F-)- knw-K-∏q¿- -(_n-)- P-∏m-≥(kn-)- ssN-\- -(Un-)- aym-≥a¿-

60.- -tZ-io-tbm-Zv-K-Y-\-Øn-\p-≈- N-e-®n-X-Ahm¿-Uv- B-cp-sS- t]-cn-em-Wv- \m-a-I-c-Ww- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xv-?-(F-)- Zm-tZ-km-tl-_v- ^m¬-t°- -(_n-)- \¿-Ko-kv- Z-Øv-(kn-)- A¿-tZ-jn¿- C-dm-\n-(Un-)- C-µn-cm-Km-\v-[n-

61.- -A-¥m-cm-jv-S- A-lnw-km- Zn-\w-?-(F-)- P-\p-h-cn- 30 -(_n-)- P-\p-h-cn- 9(kn-)- H-Iv-tSm-_¿- 2 -(Un-)- \-hw-_¿- 14

62.- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- _-tbm- -Uo-k¬-πm-‚ v- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- ÿm-]n-®-Xv-?-(F-)- Im-°n-\-U- -(_n-)- \yq-U¬-ln-(kn-)- ssl-Z-cm-_m-Zv- (Un-)- Iq-S-¶p-fw-

63.- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- k-b-≥kv- hn-t√-Pm-b- P-ap-Kp-cn-l-´v- G-Xp- kw-ÿm-\-ØmWv-?-(F-)- cm-P-kv-Ym-≥ -(_n-)- A-kw-

(kn-)- ]-›n-a- _w-Kmƒ- -(Un-)- l-cn-bm-W-

64.- -F-Ãn-ta-‰v-kv- I-Ωn-‰n-bp-sS- "-C-c-´-s]-‰-k-tlm-Z-cn-'- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-:-(F-)- ]-ªn-Iv- A-°u-≠v-kv- I-Ωn-‰n- -(_n-) _n-kn-\-kv- A-ssUz-k-dn- I-Ωn-‰n-(kn-)- ]-ªn-Iv- A-≠¿-tS-°n-Mv- I-Ωn-‰n-(Un-)- C-h-sbm-∂p-a-√-

65.- - tem-Iv-k-`-bp-sS- _n-kn-\-kv- A-ssUz-k-dn- I-Ωn-‰n-bp-sS- F-Iv-kv-˛-H-ô-tjym-sN-b¿-am-≥:-(F-)- kv-]o-°¿ - -(_n-)- U-]yq- n kv-]o-°¿-(kn-)- D-]-cm-jv-S-]-Xn--(Un-)- ]-Xn-]-£-t\-Xm-hv-

66.- -tI-µ-`-c-W- ]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- F-X-cm-Py-k-`mw-K-ßƒ- D-≠v-?-(F-)- 7 -(_n-)- 15(kn-)- 4 -(Un-)- 3

67.- -kp-\n-Xm- hn-eyw-kv- _-ln-cm-Im-i-bm-X-\-S-Øn-b- t]-S-I-Øn-s‚- t]-cv-:-(F-)- F-≥Uyp-h¿- -(_n-)- N-e-©¿-(kn-)- A-‰v-em-‚n-kv- -(Un-)- Un-kv-I-h-dn-

68.- -Im-\n-Mv- ]-`p- ap-X¬- au-≠v-_m-‰-¨-]`p-h-sc- F-X- ssh-tkm-bn-am¿- C-¥y-`-cn-®p-?-(F-)- 17 -(_n-)- 18(kn-)- 22 -(Un-)- 20

69. "K±m^n tÃUnbw-' FhnsSbmWv?(F) Idm®n (_n) C…ma_mZv(kn) dmh¬]n≠n (Un) emtlm¿

70. \mjW¬ en_d¬ sÛtdj≥cq]h¬°cn®Xv?(F) `KXvknMv(_n) kptcµ\mYv _m\¿Pn(kn) Uªyp.kn._m\¿Pn(Un) tKm]meIrjvWtKmJse

71. "hm¿jnI km-º-Øn-I- ]-kv-Xm-h-\-'-F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-?-(F-)- ssh-‰v- t]-∏¿--(_n-)-I-S-∏-Xw- -(kn-)- _-P-‰v- -(Un-)- a-Wn- _n¬-

72.- -cm-Py-k-`-bp-sS- aq-∂n-sem-cp- `m-Kw- Aw-K-ßƒ- F-X- h¿-jw- Iq-Sp-tºm-gm-Wv-hn-c-an-°p-∂-Xv-?-(F-)- 6 -(_n-)- 3(kn-)- 2 -(Un-)- 5

73.- -tem-Iv-k-`-bp-sS- Im-em-h-[n- ...........- ap-X¬- A-©p- h¿-j-am-Wv.-(F-)- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏p-^-ew- ]-Jym-]n-°p-∂-Xp- ap-X¬- -(_n-)- ]-[m-\-a-¥n- kv-Xy-]-Xn-⁄- sN-øp-∂-Xp- ap-X¬-(kn-)- B-Zy- k-tΩ-f-\-Øo-b-Xn- ap-X¬

- (Un-)- C-h-sbm-∂p-a-√-74.- -tI-µ-a-¥n-k-`mw-K-ßƒ- Iq-´m-bn- D-Ø-

c-hm-Z-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv-:-(F-)- cm-jv-S-]-Xn-tbm-Sv--(_n-)- ]-[m-\-a-¥n-tbm-Sv-(kn-)- kv-]o-°-tdm-Sv--(Un-)- tem-Iv-k-`-tbm-Sv-

75.- -i-_v-Z-X-cw-K-ßƒ-°v- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬-th-K-ap-≈-Xv- G-Xn-eq-sS- k-©-cn-°p-tºm-gm-Wv-?-(F-)- iq-\y-X- (_n-)- J-c-]-Zm¿-Y-ßƒ-(kn-)- Zm-h-Iw- -(Un-)- hm-X-Iw-

76.- -s]-s´-∂v- Du¿-Pw- e-`n-°m-≥ Im-bn-I-Xm-c-ßƒ- I-gn-°p-∂-Xv-:-(F-)- t]m-ó-≥ -(_n-)- hn-‰m-an-≥(kn-)- Nyq-bn-Mv- Kw- -(Un-)- Im¿-t_m-ssl-tU-‰v-

77.- -]p-Xn-b- tIm-i-ßƒ- D-≠m-Ip-∂-Xp-am-bn-_-‘-s∏-´- I-e-:-(F-)- tIm-f-≥ssI-a- -(_n-)- ]m-c-≥ssI-a-(kn-)- sa-cn-Ãw- -(Un-)- kv-¢o-d-≥ssI-a-

78. G‰hpw thKØn¬ kzbw àWw]q¿Ønbm°p∂ Klw:(F) _p[≥ (_n) ipI≥(kn) `qan (Un) hymgw

79. `qanbn¬\n∂p t\m°nbm¬ Nµs‚

20 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2016 Pq - 1

FX iXam\w ImWmw?(F) 81 (_n) 50(kn) 59 (Un) 51

80. H∂mw temIalmbp≤°meØvBZyambn D]tbmKn® cmkmbp[w:(F) aÃm¿Uv Kymkv(_n) Im¿_¨ tamtWmIvsskUv(kn) kmcn≥ (Un) t^mÃo≥

81. C¥ymNcnXØn¬ "ªm°v tlmƒSmPUn-'bpambn _‘s∏´ \Kcw:(F) U¬ln (_n) BK(kn) sIm¬°Ø(Un) apwss_

82. "shIvknt√mfPn-' F¥ns\°pdn®p≈]T\amWv?(F) \mWbw (_n) ]XmIIƒ(kn) DcKßƒ (Un) kkvX\ßƒ

83. "IhnI-fp-sS- I-hn-'- F-∂-dn-b-s∏- n-cp-∂-Xv-?-(F-)- tPm-^n- Nu-k¿- -(_n-)- tlm-a¿-(kn-)- F-Uv-a-≠v- kv-s]-≥k¿- -(Un-)- tj-Iv-kv-]n-b¿-

84.- -Hmw-_p-Uv-kv-am-≥ k-º-Zm-bw- B-cw-`n-®- cm-Pyw-:-(F-)- bp.-F-kv.-F.- -(_n-)- _n-´-¨-(kn-)- kzo-U-≥ -(Un-)- Hm-kv-tS-en-b-

85.- -hn-P-b-\-K-c-Øn-se- Ir-jv-W-tZ-h-cm-b¿-G-Xp- hw-i-Øn-em-Wv- P-\n-®-Xv-?- -(F-)- k-ep-h- -(_n-)- Xp-fp-h-(kn-)- A-c-hn-Up- -(Un-)- ]-√-h-

86.- -t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im¿- C-¥y-bn¬- ÿm-]n-®- B-Zy-sØ- ]-≈n- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-?- -(F-)- tKm-h- -(_n-)- sIm-®n-(kn-)- A-©p-sX-ßv- -(Un-)- I-Æq¿-

87.- -tb-ip- In-kv-Xp- P-\n-®- ÿ-ew-:- -(F-)- t_-Xv-e-tlw- -(_n-)-\-tk-Ø- v-(kn-)- K-eo-en- -(Un-)- h-Øn-°m-≥

88.- -a-lm-cm-Pm- c-Rv-Pn-Xv- kn-Mn-s‚- X-e-ÿm-\-am-bn-cp-∂-Xv-:-(F-)- N-Wv-Un-K-Vv- -(_n-)- P-e-‘¿-(kn-)- ]m-Sym-e- -(Un-)- em-tlm¿-

89.- -am-ln-jv-a-Xn-bn¬- h-®v- i-¶-cm-Nm-cy¿- hm-Z-]-Xn-hm-Z-Øn¬- tXm¬-]n-®- ao-amw-k-I-≥:-(F-)- Ip-am-cn-e-`-´-≥ -(_n-)- tKm-hn-µ-tbm-Kn-(kn-)- a-Wv-U-\-an-i-≥ (Un-)- ]-Zv-a-]m-Z¿-

90.- -Km-ao-W- P-\-kw-Jy- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w-:- -(F-)- O-Øn-kv-K-Vv--(_n-)- ln-am-N¬- ]-tZ-iv-(kn-)- D-Ø¿-]-tZ-iv- -(Un-)- a-≤y-]-tZ-iv-

91.- -td-Un-tbm- X-cw-K-ß-sf- ]-Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂- A-¥-co-£-]m-fn-:- -(F-)- tSm-t∏m-kv-^n-b¿- -(_n-)- kv-Sm-t‰m-kv-^n-b¿-(kn-)- F-Iv-tkm-kv-^n-b¿- -(Un-)- A-b-tWm-kv-^n-b¿-

92.- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Im-ew- kp-]ow- tIm-S-Xn- No-^v- P-Ãn-km-bn-cp-∂-Xv-?- -(F-)- ssh.-hn.-N-µ-Nq-Uv -(_n-)-Fw.-F-≥.-sh-¶n-S-sN-√-ø- -(kn-)- cw-K-\m-Yv-an-i--(Un-)- Fw.-F-®v.-I-\n-b-

93.- -"-k-∂ym-kn-sb-t∏m-se- Po-hn-°q,- Im-f-sb-t∏m-se- ]-Wn-sb-Sp-°q-'- F-∂p- ]-d-™-Xv-:- -(F-)- Km-‘n-Pn- -(_n-)-io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-(kn-)- tUm.-Aw-t_-Zv-I¿- -(Un-)- I-_o¿-

94.- -_n-ó-jn-¥y- `-cn-®- G-I- Pq-X- ssh-tkm-bn-:- -(F-)- Im-\n-Mv- ]-`p- -(_n-)- I-gv-k-¨- ]-`p- -(kn-)- do-Un-Mv- ]-`p- -(Un-)- th-h¬ ]`p

95. "sshU¬ sSÃv-' GXp tcmKamWv\n¿Wbn°p∂Xv?(F) £bw (_n) FbvUvkv(kn) ssSt^mbvUv (Un) atednb

96. "knÃIvSan-' F∂ ikvXInbbneqsSGXv icoc`mKamWv apdn®pam‰p∂Xv?(F) kvX\w (_n) K¿`]mXw(kn) aqXk©n (Un) hr°

97. Ubs_‰nkv C≥kn∏nUkv F∂

tcmKw GXv tlm¿tamWns‚A]cym]vXXaqeamWv D≠mIp∂Xv?(F) C≥kpen≥ (_n) •q°tKm¨(kn) hmtkm]kn≥(Un) AUn\men≥

98. ip≤amb kz¿Ww FX Imc‰v BWv?(F) 91.6 (_n) 100(kn) 24 (Un) 22

99. HfnºnIvkv- ]-Xm-I-bp-sS- ]-›m-Ø-e-Øns‚ \ndsa¥mWv?(F) \oe (_n) Idp∏v(kn) shfp∏v (Un) a™

100.kwÿm-\- e-Pn-t…-‰o-hv- Iu-¨-kn-en-s‚- A-[y-£-≥:-(F-)- kv-]o-°¿- -(_n-)- U-]yq- n- kv-]o-°¿-(kn-)- K-h¿-W¿ (Un) sNb¿am≥

Answers1(b) 2 (c) 3 (c) 4 (a) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9 (a)10 (d,Sikkim-) 11 (c) 12 (a) 13 (c) 14(d) 15 (b)16 (a) 17 (b) 18 (c) 19 (d) 20 (c) 21 (b) 22 (a)23 (d) 24 (a) 25 (b) 26 (c) 27 (d) 28 (a) 29 (b)30 (c) 31 (d) 32 (b) 33 (a) 34 (d) 35 (b) 36 (c)37 (b) 38 (d) 39 (c) 40 (d) 41 (b) 42 (a) 43 (d)44 (b) 45 (c) 46 (c) 47 (d) 48 (a) 49 (b) 50 (c)51 (b) 52 (a) 53 (b) 54 (a) 55 (b) 56 (d) 57 (c)58 (b) 59 (c) 60 (b) 61 (c) 62 (a) 63 (b) 64 (a)65 (a) 66 (c) 67 (c) 68 (d) 69 (d) 70 (b) 71 (c)72 (c) 73 (c) 74 (d) 75 (b) 76 (d) 77 (c) 78 (d)79 (c) 80 (a) 81 (c) 82 (b) 83 (c) 84 (c) 85 (b)86 (b) 87 (a) 88 (d) 89 (c) 90 (c) 91 (d) 92 (a)93 (c) 94 (c) 95 (c) 96 (c) 97 (c) 98 (c) 99 (c)100 (d)

31. H∂mw tIcf\nbak`bnse BsI

AwKßƒ:(F) 140 (_n) 133(kn) 127 (Un) 126

2. "Ad^ kwKaw-' GXp aXhpambn_‘s∏´XmWv?(F) PqXaXw (_n) C…mwaXw(kn) InkvXpaXw (Un) ]mgvknaXw

3. "tIcf IqjvtNhv-' F∂dnbs∏´Xv:(F) kn.sI.Ipamc∏Wn°¿(_n) Fw.F≥.tKmhnµ≥ \mb¿(kn) Sn.hn.tXmakv(Un) F.sI.tKm]me≥

4. -tI-c-f-kw-ÿm-\-sØ- B-Zy-sØ- tIm-¨-K-kv- ap-Jy-a-¥n-:-(F) ]´w XmWp]n≈ (_n) B¿.i¶¿(kn) kn.ANypXtat\m≥(Un) sI.IcpWmIc≥

5. C¥ybn¬- bq-tdm-]y-≥am¿- \n¿-an-®-h-bn¬-G‰hpw ]g°ap≈ tIm´(F) ]≈n∏pdw tIm´(_n) A©psXßptIm´(kn) Xet»cnt°m´(Un) t_°¬ tIm´

6. Sn∏p kp¬Øms‚ BIaWsØ]Xntcm[n® XncphnXmwIq¿ Znhm≥:(F) thepØºn(_n) kn.]n.cmakzman Aø¿(kn) cmPm tIihZmkv(Un) sNºIcma≥]n≈

7. ]m¿-e-sa-‚n-s‚- C-cp- k- -I-fp-sS-bpw- kw-bp-‡-k-tΩ-f-\-sØ- cm-jv-S-]-Xn- A- n-kw-t_m-[-\- sN-øp-∂-Xv- F-hn-sS- h-®m-Wv-?-(F) temIvk`bn¬(_n) cmPyk`bn¬(kn) ]m¿esa‚ns‚ sk≥S¬ lmfn¬(Un) kp]owtImSXnbn¬

8. tIcf-Øn¬- tIm-S-Xn-hn-[n-bn-eq-sS- \n-b-a-k-`mw-K-Xzw- e-`n-®- B-Zy- hy-‡n-:-(F) tdmkΩm ]q∂qkv(_n) hn.B¿.IrjvWø¿(kn) Fw.hn.cmLh≥(Un) tUm.F.B¿.tat\m≥

9. G‰hpw ]mNo\amb aebmfw en]n:

(F) hs´gpØv (_n) tImsegpØv(kn) Bcy FgpØv (Un) KŸen]n

10. tI-c-f-Øn¬- tem-´-dn- B-cw-`n-®- [-\-a-¥n:(F) ]n.sI.Ip™v(_n) kn.ANypXtat\m≥(kn) Fw.F≥.tKmhnµ≥ \mb¿(Un) DΩ≥ Nm≠n

11. 1921-˛¬ \n-e-hn¬-h-∂- tI-µ- \n-b-a-\n¿-am-W-k-`-bp-sS- B-Zy-sØ- U-]yq-ń- ]-k-nU‚ v:(F) cmtPµ]kmZv(_n) hnØ¬`mbn ]t´¬(kn) B¿.sI.jäpJw sNń(Un) k®nZm\µ kn≥l

12. tem-Iv-k- mw-K-ßƒ- am-X-a-S-ßn-b- I-Ωn-‰-n:(F) FÃnta‰vkv IΩn‰n(_n) ]ªnIv A°u≠vkv IΩn‰n(kn) ]ªnIv A≠¿tS°nMv IΩn‰n(Un) _nkn\kv AssUzkdn IΩn‰n

13. a-X-]-cn-h¿-Ø-\w sN-ø-s∏-´ P-\-ß-sfln-µp a-X-Øn-te-°v Xn-cn-®p-sIm-≠p-h-cn-I F-∂-Xv e-£y-am-°n-b ]-ÿm-\w?(F) ip-≤n ]-ÿm-\w(_n) _-“-k-am-Pw(kn) ]m¿-Y-\m-k-am-Pw(Un) cm-a-Ir-jv-W-an-j≥

14. tIcfØn¬ D]Xncs™Sp∏n¬]cmPbs∏´ GI a¥n:(F) kn.ANypXtat\m≥(_n) sI.apcfo[c≥ (kn) B¿.i¶¿(Un) B¿._meIrjvW]n≈

15. "C°tWmanIv lnÃdn Hm^v C¥y-'cNn®Xv:(F) ZmZm`mbn \htdmPn(_n) B¿.kn.ZØv(kn) B¿.kn.aPqwZm¿(Un) _meKwKm[c XneIv

16. cmPyhym]Iambn Km‘nPn \SØnbBZysØ ]t£m`w:(F) Nºmc≥ kacw(_n) tJU kacw(kn) knhn¬ B⁄mewL\]kvYm\w(Un) \n lIcW ]ÿm\w

17. "am-Pym¿-' F-∂ t]-cv Ãm-ºn¬ D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂ cm-Pyw?(F) skm-am-en-b (_n) P¿-a-\n(kn) ^n≥-e≥-Uv (Un) lw-K-dn

18. temIvk`bn¬ ]Xn]£t\XmhmbBZy h\nX:(F) CµncmKm‘n(_n) Iaem]Xn Xn]mTn(kn) \Pvam sl]vØp≈(Un) tkmWnbm Km‘n

19. C-¥y-≥ ]m¿-e-sa-‚n-s‚- F-√m- k-`-I-fn-epw- Aw-K-am-Im-≥ A-h-k-cw- e-`n-®-G-I- a-e-bm-fn-:-(F) ]\ºn≈n tKmhnµ tat\m≥(_n) ]´w XmWp]n≈(kn) AΩp kzman\mY≥(Un) B\n akvIo≥

20. tIcfØnse BZysØ h\nXmKh¿W¿:(F) cmw Zpemcn kn≥l(_n) tPymXn sh¶nSmNew(kn) ^mØnam_ohn(Un) A∂m Nm≠n

21. "¢n^v lukv - ' Ct∏mƒ BcpsSHutZymKnI hkXnbmWv?(F) ]Xn]£ t\Xmhv(_n) apJya¥n(kn) kv]o°¿ (Un) Kh¿W¿

22. Izn‰n¥ym- k-a-c-Im-e-Øv- Km-‘n-Pn-sb- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- X-S-hn¬- ]m¿-∏n-®n-c-p∂Xv?(F) A¬tamd Pbnen¬(_n) b¿hmZ Pbnen¬(kn) Xnlm¿ Pbnen¬(Un) BKmJm≥ ]mekn¬

23. C¥y≥ knhn¬ k¿hokns‚ ]nXmhv

F∂dnbs∏Sp∂ Kh¿W¿ P\d¬:(F) U¬lukn(_n) hneyw s_‚nIv(kn) tIm¨hmenkv (Un) sh√…n

24. "Pq¨ tX¿Uv πm≥-' BhnjvIcn®sshtkmbn:(F) thh¬ (_n) en≥enXvtKm(kn) au≠v_m‰¨(Un) hn√nMvS¨

25. "Ing°ns‚ ]pXn-' F∂dnbs∏´Xv?(F) kncnamthm _µmc\mbsI(_n) X…na \kvdo≥(kn) t_\ko¿ `qt´m(Un) JmenZ knb

26. Ip¢Ivkv ¢m≥ F∂ kwL-S-\-bpsS]h¿Ø\w GXv cmP-yØm-bn-cp∂p?(F) bp.-F-kv.F (_n) ssN\(kn) _ko¬ (Un) _n´¨

27. C¥ybn¬ No-^v- C-e-£-≥ I-Ωn-j-W-dm-bn- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Im-ew- tk-h-\-a\pjvTn®Xv:(F) kpIpam¿ sk≥(_n) hn.Fkv.camtZhn(kn) sI.hn.sI.kpµcw(Un) Sn.F≥.tij≥

28. _cmIv H_ma kam-[m\ s\mt_-en\vA¿l-\mb h¿jw(F) 2006 (_n) 2007(kn) 2008 (Un) 2009

29. _p≤-s‚ t]cv A√m--ØXv:(F) kn≤m¿Y≥ (_n) imIy-ap\n(kn) XYm-K-X≥ (Un) Pamen

30. H∂mw tIcf\nbak`bn¬C.Fw.Fkv.]Xn\n[m\w sNbvXaWvUew:(F) s]cn¥¬aÆ (_n) IÆq¿(kn) tN¿Øe (Un) \oteizcw

31. H-cp- aq-e-I-Øn-s‚- B-‰-ßƒ-°v- H-tc- A-t‰m-an-I- kw-Jy-bpw- hy-Xy-kv-X- A-t‰m-an-I- am-kpw- D-s≠-¶n¬- A-Xn-s\- hn-fn-°p-∂- t]-cv-:-(F) sFtkmtSm¨(_n) sFtkmtSm∏v(kn) sFtkm_m¿(Un) sFtkm\n^v

32. sFIy-cm-jv-S-k-`-bp-sS- B-cw-`-Im-e-sØ- Aw-K_ew:(F) 26 (_n) 100(kn) 51 (Un) 45

33. temIØn¬ a\pjy≥ ]WnX G‰hpwhenb \n¿anXn:(F) _p¿Pv Zp_mbn(_n) Xmbvt]bv 101(kn) s]‚K¨ (Un) h≥aXn¬

34. tIcf \nbak`bpsS NcnXØn¬ÿm\m¿Yn FXncn√msXXncs™Sp°s∏´ GI aWvUew:(F) Cchn]pcw (_n) at©izcw(kn) Infnam\q¿ (Un) tZhnIpfw

35. _m_¿ apX¬ HudwKko_vhscapKƒ NIh¿Ønam¿ FX h¿jwC¥y `cn®p?(F) 182 (_n) 170(kn) 190 (Un) 250

36. aucykmamPyØn\v G‰hpw IqSpX¬hnkvXrXnbp≠mbncp∂Xv BcpsSImeØmWv?(F) NµKp]vXaucy≥(_n) _nµpkmc≥(kn) AtimI≥ (Un) _lZY≥

37. _p-≤-a-X-°m¿ G-‰-hpw ]-cn-]m-h-\-am-bnI-W-°m-°p-∂ ÿ-ew:(F) Ip-in-\-K-cw (_n) t_m-[v-K-b(kn) cm-P-Kr-lw (Un) ]m-‰v-\

38. "tImbn-t\-Pv- tem-l-ßƒ-'- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-:-(F) sNºv,sh≈n,kz¿Ww(_n) sNºv, Aepan\nbw, knen°¨(kn) kz¿Ww,P¿ta\nbw,sh≈n(Un) kz¿Ww,Ccpºv,sNºv

39. t]m-≠n-t®-cn-bn-se- A-c-hn-µm-i-a-Øn-

2016 Pq - 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 21

se- "-A-Ω-'-bp-sS- b-Ym¿-Y-t]cv?(F) am¿Kc‰v Fenk_Øv t\m_nƒ(_n) aUen≥ t…Uv(kn) aocm dn®m¿Uvkv(Un) tacn B·kv

40. ]nXmhn-s‚- a-c-W-ti-jw- A-Iv-_¿- F-hn-sS-h-®m-Wv- knw-lm-k-\m-tcm-l-Ww- \-S-Øn-bXv?(F) BK (_n) Aa¿tIm´v(kn) Ie\mhp¿(Un) ^tØ]q¿ knIn

41. Phml¿em¬ s\lphns‚ CS°mea¥nk`bn¬ hnZym`ymkhIp∏pssIImcyw sNbvXncp∂Xv:(F) _¬tZhv knMv(_n) kn.cmPtKm]memNmcn(kn) k¿Zm¿ ]t´¬(Un) auem\m BkmZv

42. Xmsg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-bn¬ Zzo]-cmjvSwGXv?(F) aU-Km-kvI¿ (_n) skmam-enb(kn) FtXym]y (Un) \ao-_nb

43. \nh¿Ø\ ]t£m`Øns‚ t\Xm-°-fn¬ Dƒs∏-Sm-ØXv:(F) ]´w XmWp-]n≈(_n) kn.-tI-i-h≥(kn) ]n.-sI.-Ip™v(Un) F≥.-hn.-tPm-k^v

44. t\∏mƒ, `q´m≥ F∂o cmPy-ßƒBi-bn-°p∂ C¥y≥ Xpd--apJw:(F) sIm¬°Ø (_n) kqdØv(kn) apwss_ (Un) ]mc-Zzo]v

45. C¥ysb-°q-SmsX Ico-ao≥ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ as‰mcp cmPyw:(F) ioe¶ (_n) ]mIn-kvXm≥(kn) djy (Un) Hmkv-tS-enb

46. tI-c-f-Øn¬- D-∏p-k-Xym-K-l-Øn-s‚- ]-[m-\-t\-Xm-hm-bn-cp-∂-Xv-:-(F) ]n.IrjvW]n≈(_n) sI.am[h≥ \mb¿(kn) ]´w XmWp]n≈(Un) sI.tIf∏≥

47. Xmsg-∏-dbp∂-h-bn¬ kaql am[yawA√m-ØXv:(F) bqSyq_v (_n) Szn‰¿(kn) KqKnƒ (Un) t^-kv_p°v

48. cmPohv Km\v[n tJ¬cXv\ Ahm¿Uvt\Snb BZy aebmfn:(F) sF.Fw.hnPb≥ (_n) ]n.Sn.Dj(kn) sI.Fw._o\mtamƒ(Un) ioim¥v

49. `mc-X- c-Xv-\- _-lp-a-Xn-bp-sS- N-cn-X-Øn¬- H-cn-°¬- am-X-am-Wv- A-Xp- ]-Jym-]n-®-ti-jw- ]n-≥h-en-®-Xv.- B¿-°v-]-Jym-]n-®- a-c-Wm-\-¥-c- _-lp-a-Xn-bm-Wv- hn-hm-Z-sØ-Øp-S¿-∂v- C-]-Im-cw- ]n-≥hen®Xv?(F) k¿Zm¿ ]t´¬(_n) tUm.Awt_ZvI¿(kn) kp`mjv Nµt_mkv(Un) AcpW Ak^v Aen

50. GXp ZriyIem]ÿm\Øns‚kmlnXycq]amWv B´°Y?(F) Hm´≥ Xp≈¬ (_n) ]SbWn(kn) tamln\nbm´w (Un) IYIfn

51. IIm -]m¿ BWh \nebw GXvkwÿm-\-ØmWv?(F) KpP-dmØv (_n) I¿Wm-SIw(kn) cm--P-ÿm≥(Un) DØ-cm-JWvUv

52. -]-tXy-I- km-º-Øn-I- ta-J-e-bm-b- Im-≠v-e- G-Xv- kw-ÿm-\-Øm-Wv-?-(F-)- Kp-P-dm-Øv- -(_n-)- a-lm-cm-jv-S-(kn-)- I¿-Wm-S-Iw- -(Un-)- X-an-gv-\m-Sv-

53. sIm®n,- Xn-cp-˛-sIm-®n,- tI-c-f-\n-b-a-k-`-I-fn-epw- tem-Iv-k-`-bn-epw- cm-Py-k-`-bn-epw- Aw-K-am-Im-≥ A-h-k-cw- e-`n-®- G-I- hy-‡n-:-(F) ]\ºn≈n tKmhnµtat\m≥(_n) B\n akvIo≥(kn) sI.IcpWmIc≥

(Un) kn.F®v.aplΩZv tImb54. AJnte¥ym tSUv bqWnb≥

tIm¨Knkns‚ BZy ktΩf\Øn¬A[y£X hln®Xv?(F) emem ePv]Xv dmbn(_n) Uªyp.kn._m\¿Pn(kn) kptcµ\mYv _m\¿Pn(Un) Fw.F≥.tdmbv

55. G‰hpw P\kmµX IqSnb cmPyw:(F) knwK∏q¿ (_n) amteZzo]v(kn) samWmt°m (Un) hØn°m≥

56. Hcp t\mń°¬ ssa¬ FX ao‰dmWv?(F) 1609 (_n) 1825(kn) 1852 (Un) 1690

57. "a™°S¬' GXp kapZØns‚`mKamWv?(F) C¥y≥ almkapZw(_n)]k^nIv kapZw(kn) AXvem‚ nIv kapZw(Un)B¿ńIv kapZw

58. tIcf-Øn-em-Zy-am-bn- C-e-Iv-tSm-Wn-Iv- thm-ń-Mv- sa-jo-≥ D-]-tbm-Kn-®- afi-ew:(F) ]dhq¿ (_n) t\aw(kn) Bd∑pf (Un) Nme°pSn

59. atØ-c≥ au≠≥ sdbn¬th GXvkwÿm-\-ØmWv?(F) sXe-¶m\ (_n) alm--cmjvS(kn) HUnj (Un) PΩp Iiv-ao¿

60. "Kpcphmbq¿ kXymKl'Øn\pt\XrXzw \¬InbXv-?(F) Sn.sI.am[h≥(_n) N´ºnkzmanIƒ(kn) sI.]n.tIihtat\m≥(Un) sI.tIf∏≥

61. Hcp ImeXØv thZ]pcn F-∂-dn-b-s∏--ń-cp-∂Xv:(F) NWvUn-KVv (_n) U¬ln(kn) ]pXp-t®cn (Un) e£-Zzo]v

62. "]ńWnPmY-' \bn®Xmcv?(F) hn.Sn.`´Xncn∏mSv(_n) F.sI.tKm]me≥(kn) sI.tIf∏≥(Un) a∂Øv ]Zva\m`≥

63. tIcfØn¬ D∏pkXymKlØns‚][m\thZnbmbncp∂Xv:(F) ]ø∂q¿ (_n) H‰∏mew(kn) Be∏pg (Un) ]p∂]

64. C¥ybneqsS amXw HgpIp∂hbn¬Ad_n°Sen¬ ]Xn°p∂ G‰hpw\ofw IqSnb \Zn:(F) X]vXn (_n) \¿aZ(kn) k_¿aXn (Un) s]cnbm¿

65. "Ing°ns‚ _n´ -' F∂dnbs∏Sp∂cmPyw:(F) \yqkne≥Uv (_n) P∏m≥(kn) kzoU≥ (Un) Xmbve≥Uv

66. InkvXpaXØn\v HutZymKnIAwKoImcw \¬Inb NIh¿Øn:(F) AeIvkm≠¿(_n) Pqenbkv kok¿(kn) ssIk¿ (Un) tIm¨Ãss‚≥

67. GXp cmPyØns‚ Gjy≥ `mKamWv"Gjymssa\¿-' F∂dnbs∏Sp∂Xv?(F) tPm¿Pnb (_n) Xp¿°n(kn) djy (Un) IkmJvÿm≥

68. "Iøq¿ kacw-' \S∂ h¿jw:(F) 1943 (_n) 1939(kn) 1941 (Un) 1940

69. XncphnXmwIq¿ NcnXØnse]kn≤amb "cmP[m\n am¿®n\p-'t\XrXzw \¬Inb h\nX:(F) B\n akvIo≥(_n) A°mΩ sNdnbm≥(kn) tdmkΩm ]q∂qkv(Un) tXm´bv°m´v am[hnbΩ

70. aøgnbpsS tamN\Øn\p t\XrXzw\¬InbXv:(F) sI.tIf∏≥(_n) sF.sI.Ipamc≥(kn) kn.IrjvW≥ \mb¿(Un) samømcØv i¶c≥

71. "Cdm\n I∏v' GXp-ambn _‘s∏-ń-cn-°∂p?(F) tlm°n (_n) ^pSvt_mƒ(kn) In°‰v (Un) thmfot_mƒ

72. "hntamN\kac- 'Øns‚ ][m\t\Xmhv:(F) a∂Øv ]Zva\m`≥(_n) F.sP.tPm¨(kn) kn.tIih≥ (Un) C°≠hmcy¿

73. "]menbw kXymKlw-' \S∂ h¿jw:(F) 1947˛48 (_n) 1924˛25(kn) 1931˛32 (Un) 1945˛46

74. "ssh-°w- k-Xym-K-l-'-k-a-b-Øv- ssh-°w-ap-X¬- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw-h-sc- k-h¿-W-Pm-Y- \-b-n®Xv:(F) Sn.sI.am[h≥(_n) a∂Øv ]Zva\m`≥(kn) ]´w XmWp]n≈(Un) sI.]n.tIihtat\m≥

75. enw^m-‰nIv ss^te-dn-bm-knkv F∂AkpJw km[m-c-W-ambn Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ t]cv:(F) Npgen (_n) a¥v(kn) ate-dnb (Un) tπKv

76. ]m¬ ssXcmIp∂ ]h¿Ø\w:(F) tkmƒUn^nt°j≥(_n) Chm∏tdj≥(kn) ]mkvNpssdtkj≥(Un) s^¿sat‚j≥

77. " ]mW\mYs\\n°p Xs∂mcp]cam\µcksØ-' F∂p hcnIƒXpSßp∂ Km\w cNn®Xv?(F) CcbnΩ≥ Xºn(_n) cmPmcmPh¿a(kn) kzmXn Xncp\mƒ(Un) DÆmbn hmcy¿

78. `qanbpsS Np‰fhv FX ssa¬ BWv?(F) 12756 (_n) 40000(kn) 24900 (Un) 6374

79. 1539-˛se Nu-k,- 1540˛-se- I-\u-Pv- bp-≤-ß-fn¬- ]-cm-P-b-s∏- - -c-Wm-[n-I-mcn:(F) AIv_¿ (_n) sj¿jm(kn) lpabq¨ (Un) _m_¿

80. C¥-y-bn¬ G‰hpw Ipd®pImew HcpapJ-y-a¥n A[n-Im-c-Øn-en-cp-∂Xv GXvkwÿm-\-Øm-Wv?(F) DØ¿]-tZiv(_n) DØ-cm-JWvUv(kn) a[-y-]-tZiv (Un) OØo-kvKVv

81. tIcfØnse-B-Zy-sØ- s]m-Xp- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏n¬- I-ayp-Wn-Ãv- ]m¿-ń- F-X-ko-‰v- t\Sn?(F) 70 (_n) 64(kn) 60 (Un) 43

82. C¥p-∏ns‚ cmk-\m-aw:(F) tkmUnbw t¢m-ssdUv(_n) s]m´m-kyw t¢mssdUv(kn) tkmUnbw knen-t°‰v(Un) s]m´m-kyw knen-t°‰v

83. tIcfØnse BZy a¥nk`bn¬ap≥`cW]cnNbw D≠mbncp∂ GIhy‡n?:(F) C.Fw.Fkv.(_n) tUm.F.B¿.tat\m≥(kn) Sn.hn.tXmakv(Un) kn.ANypXtat\m≥

84. bq-tdm-]y-≥ bq-Wn-b-s‚- B-ÿm-\w-?-(F-)- P-\o-h- -(_n-)- e-≠-≥ -(kn-)- _- ¬-kv- -(Un-)- ]m-co-kv-

85. 1857˛se H∂mw kzmX¥ykacØns‚]cmPbtijw \m\m kmtl_v GXpcmPytØ°mWv c£s∏´Xv?(F) t\∏mƒ (_n) aym≥a¿(kn) A^vKm\nÿm≥(Un) `q´m≥

86. "sX°p\n-∂p-≈- tbm-≤m-hv-'- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´- k-zmX¥y kactk\m\n:(F) Fkv.kXyaq¿Øn(_n) kn.cmPtKm]memNmcn(kn) sI.ImacmPv(Un) C.hn.cmakzman \mbv°¿

87. icoc Xm]\ne Ipd-bv°p∂ Huj-[-

ßƒ:(F) tam¿U‚ v(_n) B‚n_tbm- n°v(kn) B‚n-ss]-d-‰nIv(Un) B‚n-sIm-bm-Kp-e‚ v

88. tIcf hnZym`ymk _n√ns‚ in¬]n:(F) tPmk^v ap≠t»cn(_n) C.Fw.Fkv.(kn) hn.B¿.IrjvWø¿(Un) kn.ANypXtat\m≥

89. Fhn-sSbmWv s_¬^mÃv Xpd-ap-Jw?(F) t\m¿tØ¨ Ab¿e≥Uv(_n) kvtImSve≥Uv(kn) shbn¬kv (Un) Cw•≠v

90. ]ªnIv A°u≠vkv IΩn‰nbn¬ FXcmPyk`mwKßƒ D≠v?(F) 15 (_n) 7(kn) 22 (Un) 30

91. temIvk`bn¬ t]mt´w kv]o°sd\nban°p∂Xmcv?(F) tem-Iv-k-`m- sk-I-´-dn- P-\-d¬-(_n-)- cm-jv-S-]-Xn--(kn-)- ap-≥ kv-]o-°¿-(Un-)- ]-[m-\-a-¥n

92. Iqdpam‰\nba]Imcw Hcp ]m¿ńas‰mcp ]m¿ń-bn¬ e--bn-°-W-sa-¶n¬]m¿ń-bpsS \nb-a-k-`mw-K-ß-fpsSFXbn¬ Ipd-bmØ `mKw t]¿AXn\v A\p-Iq-e-am-bn-cn-°Ww?(F) aq∂n¬ c≠v(_n) \mensem∂n¬(kn) A©nsem∂n¬ (Un) ]IpXn

93. OØo-kvKVv sslt°m-S-Xn-bpsSBÿm\w:(F) dm©n (_n) dmbvKVv(kn) dmbv]q¿ (Un) _nem-kv]q¿

94. ^©v CuÃn-¥ym-°-º-\n- ÿm-]n-X-am-b- h¿-jw-:-(F) 1664 (_n) 1668(kn) 1600 (Un) 1603

95. C¥ybn¬ cWw ÿm]n® BZysØbqtdm]y≥ cmPyw:(F) _n´¨ (_n) ^m≥kv(kn) t]m¿®pK¬ (Un) sU∑m¿°v

96. kz-X¥ C¥-y-bpsS ]Ya ]Xn-tcm-[-a¥n:(F) k¿Zm¿ ]t´¬(_n) auem\m BkmZv(kn) _¬tZhv knßv(Un) tUm. Awt_-ZvI¿

97. B-Zy-am-bn i-kv-X-In-b-bn-eq-sS am-‰n-sh-® a-\p-jym-h-b-hw:(F) lr-Z-bw (_n) I-cƒ(kn) I-Æv (Un) hr-°

98. "-\n-ln-en-kw-'- F-∂- Zm¿-i-\n-I- ]-ÿm-\w- G-Xp- cm-Py-Øm-Wv- D-cp-Øn-cn-™-Xv-?--(F-)- d-jy- -(_n-)- C-k-tb¬--(kn-)- ^m-≥kv- -(Un-)- C-‰-en-

99. "-tem-I-Øn-s‚- m-j-≥ X-e-ÿm-\w-'- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-:-(F) e≠≥ (_n) ]mcokv(kn) \yqtbm¿°v (Un) tamkvtIm

100. ]©m-b-Øv-cm-Pv- kw-hn-[m-\w- \-S-∏m-°n-b- B-Zy- Z-£n-tW-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w:(F) tIcfw (_n) I¿WmSIw(kn) B‘m]tZiv (Un) Xangv\mSv

Answers1 (c) 2 (b) 3 (b) 4 (b) 5 (a) 6 (c) 7 (c) 8 (b) 9 (a)10 (a) 11 (d) 12 (a) 13 (a) 14 (b) 15 (b) 16(d)17 (d) 18 (d)19 (c) 20 (b) 21 (b) 22 (d)23(c)24 (c)25 (c)26 (a)27 (c)28 (d)29 (d)30 (d)31(b)32 (c)33 (d)34 (b)35 (a)36 (c)37 (b)38 (a)39(c) 40 (c)41 (b)42 (a)43 (a)44 (a)45 (a)46 (d)47(c)48 (c) 49 (c)50 (d)51 (a)52 (a)53 (c)54 (a)55(c)56 (c)57 (b)58 (a)59 (b)60 (d) 61 (c)62 (b)63(a)64 (b)65 (b)66 (d)67 (b)68 (c)69 (b)70 (b)71(c)72 (a)73 (a)74 (b)75 (b)76 (d)77 (a)78 (c)79(c)80 (a)81 (c)82 (b)83 (b)84 (c)85 (a)86 (b)87(c)88 (a)89 (a)90 (b)91 (b)92 (a)93 (d)94 (a)95(c)96 (c) 97 (d)98 (a)99 (b)100 (c)

22 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2016 Pq - 1

tIcf NcnXhpw h¿j-ßfpw˛6

1735 -˛- tIm-´-bw- cm-Pm-hn-s\- Cw-•o-jv- Cu-Ãv- C-¥ym- I-º-\n- A-[o-\-X-bn-em-°n.-1737 - - -cm-a-ø-≥ Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬- Z-f-hm-bm-bn.- (ssk-\y-Øn-s‚- Np-a-X-e-°m-c-\m-b-a-¥n-).-

- - -X-t∂m-Sp- Iq-dp- Im-´m-Ø- F-√m- am-S-ºn-am-sc-bpw- am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a- ]n-Sn-Iq-Sn-A-h-sc- D-]-Pm-]-I-sc-∂p- ap-Z-Ip-Øn- k-Ip-Spw-_w- \n¿-am¿-P-\w- sN-bv-Xp.-1739 - - -Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬- B-Zy-am-bn- I-s≠-gp-Øv- \-S-Øn.- a-√-≥ i-¶-c-≥ F-s∂m-cp-tZym-K-kv-Y-s\-bm-Wv- C-Xn-\v- Np-a-X-e-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv.- h-kv-Xp-°-sf- tZ-h-kzw,- _-lv-a-kzw,- Zm-\w,- ]-≠m-c-h-I- F-∂n-ß-s\- \m-em-bn- hn-`-Pn-®p.- ]m-´w- ]p-Xp-°n- \n-iv-N-bn-°p-I-bpw- `q-hp-S-a-Iƒ-°v- ]-´-bw- \¬-Ip-I-bpw- sNbv-Xp.-

Ipf®¬ bp≤w1741 ˛ Ip-f®¬- bp-≤-Øn¬- am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a- U-®p-Im-sc- tXm¬-]n-®p.- U-®p-tk-\-bn-se- an-I-®- ssk-\n-I-sc- am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a- X-s≥d- ssk-\y-Øn¬- tN¿-°p-I-bpw- A-h-sc- D-]-tbm-Kn-®v- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿-ssk-\y-sØ- bq-tdm-]y-≥ am-Xr-I-bn¬- ]-cn-jv-I-cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- U-®p- Iym-]v-‰-\m-bn-cp-∂- Un-e-t\m-bv- ]n¬-°m-e-Øv- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-se- "-h-en-b-I-∏n-Øm-\m-'-bn-Db¿-∂p.-1742 ˛ Cfbn-SØp- kz-cq-]sØ (sIm-´m-

c°c)- am¿-Øm-Wv-Uh¿-a Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-t\m-Sp- tN¿-Øp.-

˛ Imbw-Ip-fw- cm-Pm-hn-s‚- a-¥n- A-Nyp-X-hm-cy-cp-sS- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬- kw-c-£n-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂- sIm-√w-tIm-´- th-Wm-´p-ssk-\yw- D-]-tcm-[n-®p.- Xp-S¿-∂p-≠m-b- bp-≤-

Øn¬- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- ssk-\y-Øn-\p- ]n-¥n-cn-tb-≠n-h-∂p.- e-¥-°m-cp-sS-bpw- Im-bw-Ip-f-Øn-s‚-bpw- ssk-\y-ßƒ- sIm-√-h¿-

jw- 917˛mw- B-t≠m-sS- In-fn-am-\q¿- ]n-Sn-s®-Sp-Øp. B-]-Øv- a-\- n-em-°n- Xn-cp-s\¬-th-en-bn¬-\n-∂v- Ip-td- Ip-Xn-c-∏-S-bm-

fn-I-sf- h-cp-Øn- am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a-X-s∂-In-fn-am-\q-cn-te-°v- sN-∂p. bp-h-cm-Pm-hv-Im¿-Øn-I- Xn-cp-\mƒ- cm-a-h¿-a-bpw- cm-a-ø-

≥ Z-f-hm-bpw- Un-e-t\m-bn-bpw- a-lm-cm-Pm-hn-s‚- t\-cn-´p-≈- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- ssk-\y-sØ- \-bn-®p. 68 Zn-h-kw-

\o-≠p-\n-∂- D-]-tcm-[-Øn-\p-ti-jw- U-®p-Im-cp-sS-bpw- Im-bw-Ip-fw- cm-Pm-hn-s‚-bpw-kw-bp-‡- ssk-\yw- Io-g-S-ßn.- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-

Iq¿- ssk-\yw- Xp-S¿-∂v- Im-bw-Ip-f-tØ-°v-\o-ßn.- Ip-d-®p- Im-e-sØ- bp-≤-Øn-\p-ti-jw- Im-bw-Ip-fw- cm-Pm-hv- k-‘n-°v- A-t]-

£n-®p.- Xp-S¿-∂v- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dpw- Im-bw-Ip-f-hp-am-bn- am-∂m¿- D-S-º-Sn- H-∏p-sh-®p.-]-Xn-h¿-jw- B-bn-cw- cq-]- I-∏w- sIm-Sp-

°mw- F-∂- hy-h-ÿ- kzo-I-cn-®v- Im-bw-Ip-fw- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-d-ns‚ kma¥]ZhnkzoIcn®p.

apdP]w1744 ˛ Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-sØ- io-]-Zv-a-\m-`-kzm-an-t£-X-Øn¬- H-∂m-a-sØ- ap-d-P-]w.-I¬-°p-fw- sIm- m-cw- am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a- ]p-Xp-°n-∏-Wn-Xv- ]-Xv-a-\m-`-]p-cw- F-∂- t]-cp-\¬-In.-

- - -Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬- "-Zn-hm-≥'- ]-Z-hn-kzo-I-cn-®- B-Zy- k-Nn-h-\m-b- cm-Pm- tI-i-h-Zm-kv- P-\n-®p.-

- - -am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw-io-]-Zv-a-\m-`-kzm-an- t£-X-Øn¬- `-Z-Zo-]w-F-∂- N-S-ßv- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn.-1746 - - -tZ-in-ß-\m-Sv- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-t\m-Sv-tN¿-°-s∏-´p.-

- - -am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a-bp-sS- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dpw- h-S-°-≥ cm-Py-ß-fp-am-bn- ]p-d-°m-Sv- bp-≤w.-

- - -am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a- Im-bw-Ip-fw- ]n-Sn-®-S-°n-1749 - - -am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a- sX-°pw-Iq¿- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-t\m-Sp- tN¿-Øp.-

- - -am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw-io-]-Zv-a-\m-`-kzm-an- t£-X-Øn¬- ap-d-P-]w-F-∂- N-S-ßv- G¿-s∏-S-pØn.

Xr-∏Sn-Zm-\w1750 ˛ am¿-Øm-Wv-Uh¿-abp-sS Xr-∏Sn-Zm-\w.- CXn-eq-sS At±lw- cm-Pyw- Xs≥-d Ip-essZham-b io-]Xv-a\m-`\p- ka¿-∏n-°p-

Ipf®¬ bp≤hpw

Xr∏-Sn-Zm-\hpw

Ibpw- cm-Pm-hn-s≥-d Zm-ks\∂ \n-ebn¬-"io-]Xv-a\m- Zm-k≥'- F∂ kv-Ym-\t∏tcm-sS `cWw- \n¿-hln-°p-sa∂pw- ]Jym-]n-®p.- (P\p-hcn- 3)-

˛ am¿-Øm-Wv-Uh¿-a hS°pw-Iq¿- Io-gS°n.-1751 ˛ q]cn-jv-I-c-W-Øn-\m-bn- am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a- \n-b-an-®- a-√-≥ i-¶-c-≥ X-øm-dm-°n-b- ]-cn-jv-I-c-W- hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ- cm-a-ø-≥ Z-f-h- Aw-Ko-I-cn-®p.-1752 - - -sU-∑m¿-°p-Im¿- I-®-h-S-Øn-\m-bn-tI-c-f-Øn¬-h-∂p.-1753 - - -]p-d-°m-Sv- bp-≤w.-

- - -Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dpw- U-®p-Im-cp-am-bn- am-th-en-°-c- D-S-º-Sn- (B-K-kv-Xv- 15).- C-Xp-]-Im-cw,- X-t±-io-b- cm-Pm-°-≥am-cp-sS- A- n-]m-b- hy-Xym-k-ß-fn¬- U-®p-Im¿- G-sXm-cp-Im-c-W-h-im-epw- ]-¶p-tN-cn-s√-∂- \-bw- ]n-¥p-S¿-∂p- sIm-≈m-sa-∂v- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-\v-D-d-∏p-sIm-Sp-Øp.- k-\v-[n- hy-h-kv-Y-Iƒ- am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a-bv-°v- h-ºn-®- t\- -ap-≠m-°n.-1754 - - B-\-tµ-iz-cw- bp-≤-sØ-Øp-S¿-∂v- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿,- sIm-®n- ssk-\y-ßƒ- X-Ωn¬-\-S-∂- A-º-e-∏p-g- bp-≤-Øn¬- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- hn-P-bn-®p.- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-s\-Xn-sc-sIm-®n,- Im-bw-Ip-fw,- ]p-d-°m-Sv,- h-S-°pw-Iq¿-F-∂o- cm-Py-ß-fp-sS- ssk-\y-sØ- C-S-°-f-ta-t\m-\m-Wv- \-bn-®-Xv.- bp-≤-Øn¬- A-t±-lw- h-[n-°-s∏-´p.- sIm-®n- \-S-Øn-b- A-h-km-\-sØ- h-en-b- bp-≤-a-mWnXv.

Ahkm-\sØ am-am-¶w1755 ˛ Xn-cp-\m-hm-b-bn¬- A-h-km-\-sØ-am-am-¶w.- `m-c-X-∏p-g-bp-sS- Xo-c-Øv- Xn-cp-\m-hm-b-bn¬- ]-¥-≠p-h¿-j-Øn-sem-cn-°¬- \-S-∂n-cp-∂- Cu- a-lm-ta-f-bp-sS- A-¥yw- Ip-dn-®-Xv- ssl-Z-cm-en-bp-sS- tI-c-fm-I-a-W-hpw-Xp-S¿-∂v- km-aq-Xn-cn-bp-sS- B-Xv-a-l-Xy-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p.-

- - -sIm-®n- cm-P-Ip-Spw-_-Øn-s‚- ÿn-c-B-ÿm-\w- Xr-∏q-Wn-Øp-d-bn-te-°v- am-‰n.-1756 - - -cm-a-ø-≥ Z-f-hm- am-th-en-°-c-h-®v- A-¥-cn-®p.- Xp-S¿-∂v- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚- A-\p-P-≥ Xm-Wp-]n-≈- Z-f-hm-bm-bn- .- 1757 h-sc- A-t±-lw- Z-f-hm-]-Zw- h-ln-®p.-

- - -am-ln- (a-ø-gn-)- Cw-•o-jp-Im¿-°v- Io-g-S-ßn.- 1765em-Wv- ^-©p-Im¿-°v- A-Xv- Xn-cn-®p-In-´n-b-X-v.1757 ˛ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- cm-Pm-hv- am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a-bpw- sIm-®n-bn-se- cm-Pm-hpw- X-Ωn¬-tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- km-aq-Xn-cn-s°-Xn-sc- k-‘n-bp-≠m-°n- (P-\-h-cn- 22).- H-cp- cm-Py-Øn-s‚-i-Xp-hn-s\- a-s‰m-cp- cm-Py-Øv- Xm-a-kn-∏n-°p-I-bn-s√-∂pw- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬- sIm-®n-°p-≈- tIm-bv-a- ÿm-\-ß-fpw- sIm-®n-bn¬- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-\p-≈- tIm-bv-a- ÿm-\-ß-fpw-]-g-b-Xp-t]m-se- Xp-S-cp-sa-∂v- Cu- D-S-º-Sn-bn¬- hy-h-ÿ- sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p.-

- - -am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a-bp-sS- \n¿-t±-i- ]-Im-cw- Un-e-t\m-bn- I-\ym-Ip-am-cn-bn¬- h-´-

2016 Pq - 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 23

t°m-´- ]-Wn-I-gn-∏n-®p.-- - -km-aq-Xn-cn-bp-sS- B-I-a-W-Øn¬-\n-

∂v- c-£-t\-Sm-≥ A-∂-sØ- ]m-e-°m-Sv- cm-Pm-hm-bn-cp-∂- tIm-an- A-®-≥ Zn-Wv-Un-K-en-se- u-Pv-Zm¿- B-bn-cp-∂- ssl-Z-cm-en-tbm-Sv- ]-´m-f- k-lm-bw- B-h-i-ys∏´p.

Im¿-Øn-I Xn-cp-\mƒXncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ cmPmhv1758 ˛ am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a- A-¥-cn-®p.- Im¿-Øn-I- Xn-cp-\mƒ- _m-e-cm-a-h¿-a- ]n-≥Km-an-bm-bn.- Sn-∏p-hn-s≥d- ]-S-tbm-´-°m-e-Øv- a-e-_m-dn¬-\n-∂pw- ]-em-b-\w- sN-bv-X- cm-P-Ip-Spw-_mw-K-ß-fpƒ-s∏-sS-bp-≈-h¿-°v- C-t±-lw-[m¿-an-I-t_m-[-tØm-sS- A-`-bw- \¬-In-b-Xn-\m¬- "-[¿-a-cm-Pm-hv-'- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´p.-

- - -tIm-an- A-®-s‚- A- y¿-Y-\- ]-Im-cw-ssl-Z-cm-en- X-s‚- a-®p-\-≥ B-b- a-Jv-Zqw-km-ln-∫n-s‚- Io-gn¬- 2000 Ip-Xn-c-∏-S-bm-fn-I-sf-bpw- 5000 h-cp-∂- Im-emƒ-∏-S-tb-bpw-

km-aq-Xn-cn-sb- F-Xn-cn-Sm-≥ A-b-®p.- Cu-tk-\- ]m-e-°m-Sv- \m-b¿- ]-S-bm-fn-I-fp-sS- k-lm-b-tØm-sS- km-aq-Xn-cn-bp-sS- tk-\-sb- ]n-¥n-cn-∏n-®p.-1760 - - -km-aq-Xn-cn- sIm-®n- cm-Pyw- B-I-an-®p.- sIm-®n-cm-Pm-hv- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-t\m-Sv-k-lm-bw- A-`y¿-Xv-Yn-®p.- a-lm-cm-Pm-hv,- A-ø-∏-≥ am¿-Øm-Wv-U-]n-≈-sb-bpw- Un-e-t\m-bn-sb-bpw- sIm-®n-bn-te-°v- A-b-®p.- A-h¿-km-aq-Xn-cn-sb- ]-cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øn.- A-ø-∏-≥]n-≈-bp-sS- tk-h-\-Øn-\p- ]m-cn-tXm-jn-I-am-bn- sIm-®n- cm-Pm-hv- ]p-Ø-≥Nn-d- F-∂-]-tZ-iw- A-t±-l-Øn-\p- \¬-In-sb-¶n-epw- cm-P- -‡-\m-b- Z-f-hm- A-Xv- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬-e-bn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv- sN-bv-X-Xv.- Xm-≥ cm-Pm-hn-s‚-bpw- A-Xn-eq-sS- cm-Py-Øn-s‚-bpw- B-in-X-\m-sW-∂- Im-gv-N-∏m-Sm-Wv- A-t±-lw- ]p-e¿-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv.-1761 - - -sIm-®n-bn¬- B-Zy-am-bn- `q-\n-Ip-Xn-G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn.-

- - -H-cp- Cw-•o-jv- I-∏¬-∏-S- ^-©p-Im-

cp-sS- A-[o-\-X-bn-em-bn-cp-∂- a-ø-gn- B-I-an-®p- Io-g-S-°n.-

- - -Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dpw- sIm-®n-bpw- X-Ωn¬- ]p-Xn-b- D-S-º-Sn- D-≠m-°n.- Cu- D-S-º-Sn-bn¬- 1757˛-se- D-S-º-Sn-bn-se- ]-[m-\-hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ- Dƒ-s°m-≈n-®n-cp-∂-Xn-\p-]p-d-ta,- h-S-°v- ]q-ss°-X- h-sc-bpw- In-g-°v- Nn-‰m¿-h-sc-bp-ap-≈- sIm-®n- cm-Py-ß-fpw- h-≈p-h-\m-´n-se- Nn-e- ]-tZ-i-ß-fpw- km-aq-Xn-cn-bn¬-\n-∂v- Xn-cn-®p-]n-Sn-°m-≥ Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- sIm-®n-sb- k-lm-bn-°-W-sa-∂pw- hy-h-ÿ- sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p.- B-e-ßm-Spw- ]-d-hq-cpw- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬- e-bn-°-W-sa-∂m-bn-cp-∂p- a-s‰m-cp- hy-h-ÿ.-1762 -˛- ssl-Z-em-en- aw-K-em-]p-c-hpw- s_-Z-t\m-dpw- Io-g-S-°n.-

- - -sIm-®n-bn¬- B-Zy-am-bn- `q-\n-Ip-Xn-Xp-S-ßn.-

- - -I-c-∏p-dw- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-\v- hn-´p-sIm-Sp-Øp.-

- - -sIm-®n-bn¬- cm-Py- -c-W-co-Xn-bn¬- Nn-

e- ]-cn-jv-Im-c-ßƒ- h-cp-Øn.- A-Xp-h-sc- \m-Sp-hm-gn-I-fp-sS- -c-W-Øn¬- "-\m-Sp-'-I-fm-bn- cm-Pyw- hn- -Pn-®n-cp-∂-Xv- am-‰n- cm-Py-sØ- ]-Øp- "-tIm-hn-e-I-Øpw- hm-Xp-°-ep-'-I-fm-bn- hn- -Pn-®v-Hm-tcm- tIm-hn-e-I-Øpw-hm-Xp-°-en-s‚-bpw- -c-Wm-[n-Im-cw- Hm-tcm- Im-cy-°m-cn¬- \n-£n-]v-X-am-°n.- tIm-hn-e-I-Øpw- hm-Xp-°-ep-I-sf-]-h¿-Øn-I-fm-bn- Xn-cn-®v- ]-h¿-Øn-Im-c-≥am-sc-bpw- I-W-s°-gp-Øn-\v- ta-t\m-≥am-sc-bpw-ap-X¬- kq-£n-°p-∂-Xn-\v- N-¥-°m-c-≥am-sc-bpw- \n-b-an-®p.- cm-Py-sØ- sX-t°-ap-J-sa-∂pw-h-S-t°-ap-J-sa-∂pw- c-≠m-bn- `m-Kn-®v- A-h-bp-sS- \n-b-¥-W-Øn-\v- k¿-hm-[n-Im-cy-°m-c-≥am-sc- \n-b-an-®p.- ap-J-ß-fp-sS- Io-gn-em-bn-cp-∂p-tIm-hn-e-I-Øpw-hm-Xp-°-ep-Iƒ.-1763 - - -Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dpw- km-aq-Xn-cn-bp-am-bn-k-‘n- sN-bv-Xp.- km-aq-Xn-cn- bp-≤-s®-e-hn-\-Øn¬- H-t∂-Im¬- e-£w-cq-]- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-\p- sIm-Sp-°m-sa-∂pw- sIm-®n-sb- D-]-Z-hn-°n-√m-sb-∂pw- ]-c-kv-]-c-ku-lr-Zw- ]p-e¿-Øm-sa-∂pw- k-Ω-Xn®p.

by one. What is the age of the teacher?(a) 39 years (b) 38 years(c) 40 years (d) 36 years

14. Which is the odd pair of words differentfrom the following sets?(a) Blacksmith: Anwil (b) Carpenter: Saw(c) Goldsmith: Ornaments(d) Barber: Scissor

15. The selling price of an article is Rs.24 aftera discount of 20%. If the discount isincreased to 30%, what will be the newprice of the article?(a) Rs.27 (b) Rs.21(c) Rs.20 (d) Rs. 9

16. Choose the odd one out: 4,16,6,24,8,64(a) 64 (b) 8(c) 16 (d) 24

17. The one third of one third of a number is10. Then the number is:(a) 90 (b) 60(c) 100 (d) 160

18. If 12+8= 208, 11+6=157, then 10+4=?(a) 116 (b) 106(c) 196 (d) 124

19. If three numbers are in the ratio 1:2:6. Thesum of the numbers is 180. Then any oneof these numbers is:(a) 30 (b) 120(c) 80 (d) 50

20. Triangle: Pyramid:: _____(a) Tube: Cylinder (b) Square: Box(c) Pentagon: Quadrilateral(d) Cone: Circle

21. The salary of Peon and Clerk in an office isin the ratio 2:3. If the salary of the Peon isRs.4238, what is the total amount of salaryof the both?(a) 10595 (b) 10740(c) 12714 (d) 8476

22. Which is not related in the following set?(a) Othello (b) King Lear(c) Macbeth (d) Oliver Twist

23. The area of a square plot is 900 sq.m.What is the perimeter of the plot?(a) 360m (b) 180m(c) 120m (d) 90m

24. Which is the pair like Triangle: Hexagon:(a) Cone: Sphere(b) Rectangle: Octagon(c) Pentagon: Heptagon(d) Triangle: Quadrilateral

25. A train 150 m long takes 20 seconds tocross a platform 450 m long. The speed ofthe train is:(a) 22.5 m/s (b) 30 m/s(c) 45 m/s (d) 96 m/s

Answers1 (a) 2(a) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5(d) 6(b) 7(c) 8(c) 9(c) 10(b)11(a) 12(d) 13(a) 14(c) 15(b) 16(d) 17(a) 18(a)19(b) 20(b) 21(a) 22(d) 23(c) 24(b) 25(b)

21. Aluminium: Bauxite : Iron:?

(a) Pyrite (b) Haematite(c) Magnesite (d) Iron Oxide

2. Mr.Shah is 30 years older than his son whois 5 years old. After how many years wouldMr.Shah become 3 times as old as his son?(a) 7 (b) 7.5(c) 8 (d) 10

3. From the following select the member thatdoes not belong to the group:(a) Whale (b) Crocodile(c) Lizard (d) Snake

4. Find the smallest number divisible by 9,18and 24:(a) 144 (b) 72(c) 324 (d) 196

5. If Statistics= 13, Mathematics=14 thenPhysics=?(a) 7 (b) 12(c) 15 (d10

6. Which of the following is a multiple of 6?(a) 38244 (b) 28136(c) 32588 (d) 27412

7. In a certain code ‘TASK’ is written as‘BUJR’ and ‘BIND’ is written as ‘JCCM’.How is ‘SUIT’ written in that code?(a) VTSH (b) VSTH(c) TRUJ (d) TRJU

8. Which is the smallest among the following?(a) 0 (b) 100(c) -50 (d) -100

9. The next set in the series: ANT,BOU,CPV,?(a) CDE (b) DQW(c) DMU (d)DEF

10. Two numbers are in the ratio 1:3 and theirleast common multiple is 45. Then one ofthe number is:(a) 30 (b) 45(c) 60 (d) 40

11. Choose the word that is not in the group:(a) Monsoon (b) Tempest(c) Hurricane (d) Cyclone

12. If A:B=2:3 and C:B=5:6, then A:C=?(a) 4:5 (b) 4:3(c) 2:6 (d) 5:12

13. If 4x4=8, 5x6=15,7x8=28 then 9x10=?(a) 90 (b) 45(c) 19 (d) 56

Test of Arithmetic and Mental Ability14. If the difference of the squares of two

consecutive odd numbers is 40,then one ofthe numbers is:(a) 13 (b) 9(c) 15 (d) 17

15. Soumya is twice old as Ramya. Threeyears ago Soumya was three times as oldas Ramya. How old is Soumya now?(a) 6 years (b) 7 years(c) 8 years (d) 12 years

16. The perimeter of a square is 48 cm. What isits area?(a) 72 sq.cm. (b) 96 sq.cm.(c) 144 sq.cm. (d) 60 sq.cm.

17. Pick out the odd one:(a) Bread (b) Butter(c) Tea (d) Bun

18. The ratio between the boys and girls in aschool is 5:4. The number of boys is 200.What is the number of girls?(a) 200 (b) 300(c) 160 (d) 180

19. Which is the odd one?(a) Kerala (b) Uttar Pradesh(c) Haryana (d) Kolkata

20. If the difference between the squares of twoconsecutive even numbers is 44 then oneof the number is:(a) 10 (b) 14(c) 16 (d) 22

21. Barometer: Hygrometer: ?(a) Mercury: Water(b) Pressure: Humidity (c) Rain: Cloud(d) Cloudy:Sunny

22. Three times of a number is 20 more than it.What is the number?(a) 10 (b) 20(c) 30 (d) 60

23. If New Delhi=8, Aurangabad=10, thenThiruvananthapuram=?(a) 12 (b) 16(c) 14 (d) 18

24. Double of which number is equal to onefourth of 48?(a) 12 (b) 8(c) 6 (d) 24

25. From the following select the member thatdoes not belong to the group:(a) Microscope (b) Stethoscope(c) Telescope (d)Periscope

Answers1 (b) 2(d) 3 (a) 4 (b) 5(d) 6(a) 7(a) 8(d) 9(b) 10(b)11(a) 12(a) 13(b) 14(b) 15(d) 16(c) 17(c) 18(c)19(d) 20(a) 21(b) 22(a) 23(d) 24(c) 25(b)

11. 2.5 is 5% of what?

(a) 50 (b) 25(c) 100 (d) 10

2. Bag is related to luggage in the same wayas Ship is related to:(a) Cargo (b) Coal(c) Stock (d) Weight

3. A watch was bought when there was aspecial discount of 10% by paying Rs.810.Then the actual cost of the watch is:(a) 750 (b) 890(c) 900 (d) 910

4. Which among the following is different fromothers?(a) DE (b) PQ(c) TU (d) MO

5. If 200% of a number is 160, what is 150%of that number?(a) 160 (b) 130(c) 100 (d) 120

6. In a certain code TWENTY is written as863985 and ELEVEN is written as 323039.How is TWELVE written?(a) 863584 (b) 863203(c) 863903 (d) 863063

7. A meeting is attended by 300 persons. 54%of them are men. What is the number ofwomen attended the meeting?(a) 162 (b) 54(c) 138 (d) 46

8. Which of the following is a wrong member inthe group?(a) Graphite (b) Diamond(c) Pearl (d) Coal

9. When a number is added to its half we get117. The number is:(a) 80 (b) 76(c) 78 (d) 82

10. Find the missing number: 8,24,48,80,120,__(a) 172 (b) 168(c) 158 (d) 162

11. Subtracting 40% of a number from thenumber, we get the result 30. Find thenumber:(a) 50 (b) 40(c) 25 (d) 60

12. Which one of the following does not belongto the group?(a) Rouble (b) Euro(c) Dollar (d) Pista

13. The average age of 24 boys and oneteacher is 15 years. When the teacher’sage is excluded the average is decreased

PSC BULLETINFortnightly

1. R.N. 44588/86 Reg. No. KL/TV (N)34/2015-172. Licence No. for posting without pre payment - KL/TV(N)/WPP/165/2015-17

Rupees 10June 1, 2016

Views and ideas expressed in the articles published in PSC Bulletin are not, necessarily, those of the Commission. Edited and Published by Saju George, SecretaryKerala Public Service Commission on behalf of Kerala Public Service Commission and Printed by him at P. Krishna Pillai Memorial Printing & Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, Thiruvananthapuram.

sI.-Pn.]Zo]vIpam¿AUn-j-W¬ skI- dn

]co£mhn`m-KwtIcf ]ªnIv k¿∆okv IΩn-j≥

km-t¶-Xn-I- hn-Zy-bp-sS- hn-Im-kw- k-I-e-Xn-s‚-bpw- th-Kw- h¿-[n-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.- ]-Z-£n-Ww,- -a-Ww- Xp-S-ßn-b-h-bp-sS- th-Kw- hy-Xym-k-s∏-Sm-Ø-Xp-Im-c-Ww- h¿-j-Øn-s‚- ssZ¿-Lyw- 365 Zn-h-k-hpw- Zn-h-k-Øn-s‚- ssZ¿-Lyw- 24 a-Wn-°q-dpw- X-s∂.- F-∂m¬,- Cu- Im-e-b-f-hn¬- kw- -hn-°p-∂- Im-cy-ß-fp-sS- hym-]v-Xn- hy-Xym-k-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p.- ap-ºv- i-Xm-_v-Z-ßƒ- sIm-≠p- kw- -hn-®n-cp-∂- Im-cy-ßƒ- C-t∏mƒ- Z-im-_v-Z-ßƒ- sIm-≠p-kw- -hn-°p-∂p.- Z-im-_v-Z-ßƒ- h¿-j-ßƒ-°p- Io-g-S-ßp-∂p.- h¿-j-ß-fm-I-s - am-k-ßƒ-°v- h-gn-am-dp-∂p.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- ]-co-£- F-gp-Xn-bn- v- dn-kƒ- n-\m-bn- h¿-j-ßƒ- Im-Øn-cn-°p-∂- A-h-ÿ,-th-Kw- am-Xw- I-≠p- io-en-®- ]p-Xp- X-e-ap-d-bv-°v- Zp- -l-am-Wv.- C-°m-c-Ww- sIm-≠v- X-s∂- ]-ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- I-Ωn-j-\pw-am-dp-∂- tem-I- I-a-Øn-\v- A-\p-k-c-W-am-bn- th-K-Øn-ep-≈- Np-h-Sp-h-bv-]p-Iƒ-°v-\n¿-_-‘n-X-am-Ip-∂p.-

-]-ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- I-Ωn-j-s‚- ap-Jy-]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fn-sem-∂v- ]-co-£m- \-S-Øn-∏v.- hn- -h-ti-jn,- A-Xv- ]-W-am-bm-epw- am-\-h- ti-jn-bm-bn-cp-∂m-epw- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- hn-\n-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂- ta-J-e-bm-Wn-Xv.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- B- ta-J-e-bn-ep-≈- ]-cn-jv-Im-c-ß-fpw- ]m-[m-\y-a¿-ln-°p-∂p.- ]-co-£-Iƒ- B-[p-\n-I-h-Xv-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-s‚- m-K-am-bn- m-Wv- Hm- -sse-≥]-co-£m- kw-hn-[m-\w- sIm-≠p-h-∂-Xv.- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw,- ]-Ø-\w-Xn- ,- F-d-Wm-Ip-fw- F-∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬- B-cw- n-®- aq-∂v- Hm-

-sse-≥ ]-co-£m- tI-µ-ß-fn¬- h-®v- C-

Xn-\-Iw- \q-dn-te-sd- ]-co-£-Iƒ- \-S-Øn-°-gn-™p.- I-Ωn-j-s‚- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- Hm- -sse-≥ ]-co-£m- tI-µ-Øn-s‚- \n¿-am-Ww-tIm-gn-t°m- v- ]p-tcm-K-an-°p-I-bm-Wv.- 330 C-cn-∏n-S-ß-fp-≈- ]-kv-Xp-X- tI-µw- ]-h¿-Ø-\- k-÷-am-Ip-∂-tXm-sS- \m-ev- sk-‚-dp-I-fn-em-bn- 1600 t]¿-°v- H-tc- k-a-bw- ]-co-£m-F-gp-Xm-≥ km-[n-°pw.-

-\n-e-hn¬- G-I-tZ-iw- aq-∂q-dn-te-sd- X-kv-Xn-I-I-fn-te-°v- ]-Xn-h¿-jw- F-≥.-kn.-F.- dn-Iq- v-sa-‚p-Iƒ- \-S-Øp-∂p-≠v.- C-h-bn¬- an-°-Xn-\pw- D-tZy-Km¿-∞n-I-fp-sS- F-Æw- 1000¬- Xm-sg-bm-b-Xn-\m¬- Hm- -sse-≥ ]-co-£-Iƒ- \-S-Øp-∂-Xn-\pw- ]-co-£m- -ew- k-a-b-_-‘n-X-am-bn- ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°m-\pw- I-gn-bpw.-C-t∏mƒ- h¿-j-Øn¬- c-≠p-]m-h-iyw- \-S-Øn-h-cp-∂- h-Ip-∏p-X-e- ]-co-£-Iƒ- m-hn-bn¬- Hm-

-sse-≥ co-Xn-bn¬- \-S-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-≈- B-tem-N-\-bp-≠v.- C-Xn-eq-sS- sS-Ãp-Iƒ- \n-c-¥-cw- \-S-Øm-≥ km-[n-°pw.- A-Xn-\m¬,- sS-Ãv- B-dp-am-k-Øn¬- H-cn-°-em-b-Xp- Im-c-Ww-b-Ym-k-a-bw- ]m-km-Im-≥ I-gn-bm-Ø- D-tZym-K-ÿ¿-°v- ]-tam-j-≥ ssh-Ip-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bp-≈- km-l-N-cy-ßƒ- H-gn-hm-°-s∏-Spw.- Iq-Sp-X¬- ]-co-£-Iƒ- Hm- -sse-≥ co-Xn-bn¬- \-S-Øp-tºmƒ- ]n-‚nw-Kv,- Sm-≥kv-t]m¿-t -j-≥ sN-e-hp-Iƒ- Ip-d-bpw.- ]-c-º-cm-K-X- co-Xn-bn¬- ]-co-£-Iƒ- \-S-Øp-tºmƒ- D-]-tbm-Kn-°m-Ø-tNm-Zy-°-S-em-kp-Iƒ,- D-]-tbm-Kn-®- tNm-Zy-t]-∏-dp-I-fp-sS- I-h-dp-Iƒ- ap-X-em-b-h- \n¿-Ωm¿-P-\w- sN-øp-I- F-∂-Xv- h-en-sbm-cp- _m-[y-X-bm-Wv.- Hm- -sse-≥ ]-co-£- co-Xn-bp-sS- a-s‰m-cp-sa-®w- C-Xv- H-gn-hm-°-s∏-Sp-∂p- F-∂-Xm-Wv.- ]n.-F-kv.-kn.- D-tZym-K-ÿ-sc- C-≥hn-Pn-te-‰¿-am-cm-bn- \n-tbm-Kn-®m-Wv- Hm- - sse-≥ ]-co-£- \-S-Øp-∂-Xv- F-∂-Xn-\m¬- Iq-Sp-X¬- D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Xz-tØm-sS-bpw- Ir-Xy-X-tbm-sS-bpw- ]-co-£-]q¿-Øo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p- I-gn-bp-∂p.- ]-co-£m-

-ew- s]-s -∂v- X-øm-dm-°m-≥ km-[n-°p-∂p-sh-∂-Xm-Wv- a-s‰m-cp- t\- w.-

-]n-F.-kv.-kn.- sN-b¿-am-s‚- A-[y-£-X-bn¬- πm-\n-ßv- B-≥Uv- ]n-tbm-ssd-s‰-tk-

tIcf ]n.-F-kv.-kn

]-ªnIv k¿∆okv IΩnj-\p-I-fn¬ Zo]-hm-l-I≥

j-≥ I-Ωn-‰n- tbm-Kw- tN¿-∂v- \-S-]-Sn-I-a-ß-fp-sS- ap-≥K-W-\- \n-›-bn-°p-I-bpw- hn-hn-[-\-S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ- tam-Wn- ¿- sN-bv-Xv- th-Kw-Iq- p-∂-Xn-\m-h-iy-am-b- \n¿-t±-i-ßƒ- \¬-In-h-cn-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.- Im-e-Xm-a-kw- H-gn-hm-°p-I- F-∂-Xp-X-s∂-bm-Wv- C-Xn-s‚- ap-Jy-e-£yw.- km-t¶-Xn-I- ta-J-e-bn¬- ssI-h-cn-®n- p-≈- t\- -ß-fp-sS- Im-cy-Øn-epw- ]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fp-sS- _m-lp-ey-Øn-epw- tI-c-f- ]-ªn-Iv-k¿-∆o-kv- I-Ωn-j-≥ C-¥y-bn-se- C-X-c- kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn-se- ]n-F-kv.-kn- I-sf-°m-fpw- bq-Wn-b-≥ ]-ªn-Iv- k¿-ho-kv- I-Ωn-j-s\-°m-fpw-ap-∂n-em-sW-∂-Xn-\v- sX-fn-hm-Wv- C-¥y-bn-se-G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- hm¿-jn-I- dn-t∏m¿- v- tI-c-f- ]-ªn-Iv- k¿-ho-kv- I-Ωn-j-t‚-Xm-Wv- F-∂-Xv.- Hm-tcm- h¿-j-hpw- A-©v- kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬- \n-s∂-¶n-epw- ]n.-F-kv.-kn.- sN-b¿-am-≥am¿,- Aw-K-ßƒ,-D-∂-X-D-tZym-K-ÿ¿- ap-X-em-b-h¿- tI-c-f- ]n.-F-kv.-kn.- k-µ¿-in-®v- C-hn-sS- \-S-°p-∂- Im-cy-ß-sf-°p-dn-®v- a-\- n-em-°p-∂p- F-∂-Xv- \-Ωp-sS-]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ- am-Xr-Im-]-c-hpw- A-\p-I-c-Wo-b-hp-am-Wv- F-∂-Xn-\p-≈- Aw-Ko-Im-c-am-Wv.-

-km-t¶-Xn-I- cw-K-Øv- tI-c-f- ]n.-F-kv.-kn.-bp-sS- A- n-am-\m¿-l-am-b- t\- -ßƒ-

*- -h- - ssSw- c-Pn-kv-tS-j-≥*- -h- - ssSw- sh-cn- n-t°-j-≥*- -Hm- -sse-≥ ]-co-£m- tI-µ-ßƒ-*- -C- -th-°-≥kn- dn-t∏m¿- n-ßv-*- -Fw- -K-th-W-≥kv-*- - p-≈n- Hm-t´m-ta-‰-Uv- Un-∏m¿- v-sa-‚ v-

sS-Ãv- hn-ßv-*- -C- -s]-bv-sa-‚ v-*- -kn.-F-kv.-sF.- -tKmƒ-U-≥ Pq-_n-en-C- -K-th-j-W-≥kv- A-hm¿-Uv- 2015

-tI-c-f-Øn-\v- A- n-am-\-am-bn,- C-¥y-°v-am-Xr-I-bm-bn- tem-I-i-≤-bm-I¿-jn-°p-∂-X-c-Øn-em-Wv- km-t¶-Xn-I- Im-cy-ß-fn¬-tI-c-f- ]-ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- I-Ωn-j-s‚- h-f¿-®.- C-¥y-bn-se- dn-Iq- n-ßv- ÿm-]-\-ß-fn¬- B-[p-\n-I-X-sb- ap-dp-sI-∏n-Sn-°m-≥ C-X-bpw- A-im-¥-]-cn-i-aw- \-S-Øp-∂- a-s‰m-cp- ÿm-]-\-an-√- F-∂v- \n- w-i-bw- ]-d-bmw.- tI-c-f- ]n.-F-kv.-kn.- bp-sS-]m-X- ]n-¥p-S¿-∂m-Wv- a-‰p- ]-e- dn-Iq- v-sa-‚ v- ÿm-]-\-ß-fpw- B-[p-\n-Io-I-c-W-Øn-te-°p-≈- A-h-bp-sS- bm-X- B-cw- n-®-Xv-F-∂-Xpw- Cu-b-h-k-c-Øn¬- A- n-am-\-]p-c- -cw- \-ap-°v- Hm¿-°-mw.

tUm. Sn.-Fw. tXmakv sFkIv

[\w

C ]n Pb-cm-P≥

hyh-kmbw, ImbnIwF sI _me≥

\nb-aw, kmwkvIm-cn-Iw, ]nt∂m-°-t£aw

sI sI ssieP

Btcm-Kyw, kmaq-ly-t£awPn kp[m-I-c≥

s]mXp-a-cm-a-Øv, cPn-kvtS-j≥

F kn sambvXo≥

kl-I-c-Ww, hnt\m-Z-k-©mcw

sP sagvkn-°p-´n-AΩ

^nj-do-kv, ]c-º-cm-KX hyh-kmkwIS-Iw-]≈n kptc-µ≥

sshZypXn, tZhkzw

s]m^. kn cho-µ-\mYv

hnZym- ymkwtUm. sI Sn Peo¬

Xt±-i-kz-bw- -cWw

C Nµ-ti-J-c≥

dh\yq

]n Xntem-Ø-a≥

`£yw, s]mXp-hn-X-cWwsI cmPp

h\w, ]cn-ÿnXnhn Fkv kp\n¬Ip-am¿

IrjnamXyp Sn tXmakv

Pe-hn- hw

F sI iio-µ≥

KXm-KXwcma-N-µ≥ IS-∂∏≈n

Xpd-apJw

a¥n-amcpw hIp-∏p-Ifpw

Sn ]n cma-Ir-jvW≥

FIvssk-kv, sXmgn-¬

PSC November 15 - Kerala Public Service Commission · 2018. 8. 21. · Vol. 27 Issue 19 Fortnightly...

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Transcript of PSC November 15 - Kerala Public Service Commission · 2018. 8. 21. · Vol. 27 Issue 19 Fortnightly...