PSC Bulletin, Fortnightly Publication of Kerala Public ...

1500ap≥ tNmtZymØcßƒ

Vol. 25 Issue 10 Fortnightly January 15, 2014 Page 24 ` 5

PSC Bulletin, Fortnightly Publication of Kerala Public Service Commission

website: www.keralapsc.gov.in (new) www.keralapsc.org e-mail:[email protected] Call Centre: 0471-2554000

L.G.S]co-£bv-°p-≈

Xøm-sdSp-∏v-

]n-Fkv-kn-_p-≈‰n-s\m-∏w

BImw--

F√m- e°hpw-

1000 tØm-fw-hy-Xy-kv-X

tNm-tZy-m-Øcßƒ-

1000tNm-Zy-ßfSßn-b

Hcp- ]kn-≤o-IcWØn-\v-hn-]Wn-bn¬-

25 cq-]bn-tesdhn-ehcp-tºmƒ-

_p-≈‰n-≥-- shdpw-5 cq-]bv-°v- e`n-°p-∂p-

-Un-∏m¿-´v-sa≥-d¬- sSkv-‰v-]co-£m-Iaw-

C‚¿-hyq- t]m-Kmw-˛s^_p-hcn- 2014

2012˛2013 h¿-jsØ hm¿-jn-I dn-t∏m¿-´v- Kh¿-W¿-°v- ka¿-∏n-®p-

tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩo-js‚ 2012˛2013 h¿-jsØ hm¿-jn-I dn-t∏m¿-´v- _lp-.- tIcf Kh¿-W¿-°v- ]n-Fkv-kn- sNb¿-am≥-tUm.- sI Fkv- cm-[m-Ir-jvW≥- ka¿-∏n-°p-∂p-.- IΩo-j≥- Aw-Kßfm-b io-aXn- ]n.- Pao-e,- io-aXn- sI sI caWn,- s]m-^.- F≥- sk¬-hcm-Pv,-tUm.- ]n- tam-l≥-Zm-kv,- io.- sI t]acm-P≥-,- AUz.- hn- Sn- tXm-akv-,- tUm.- Fw- sI Po-h≥, -AUz.- hn- Fkv- lco-µ\m-Yv,- io-.- ]n- in-hZm-k≥-,-

AUz.- C cho-µ\m-Yv,- - ]n-Fkv-kn- skI´dn- io.- ]n- kn- _n-t\m-bv- F∂n-h¿- kao-]w.-

dn-∏ªn-Iv-Zn-\

1500 tNm-tZym-Ø-c-ßƒ-

LGS ]co-£Ifn¬- Bh¿-Øn-°p-∂h Dƒ-s∏sS

1500 tNm-tZym-Ø-c-ßƒ-Biw-kIƒ-

2 ]nFkvkn _p≈¡n≥ 2014 P\p-hcn- 15

H‰ØhW cPn-kvt-Sj≥-t^m-t´m- kw-_\v-[n-® \n¿-t±ißƒ-

1.-1.-2012 ap-X¬- ]m-_-ey-Øn-ep-≈- h-¨-˛-ssSw- c-Pn-kv-tS-j-≥, - I -Ωo -j-s‚- Hu -tZym -Kn -I - sh -_v -ssk-‰m -bwww.keralapsc.gov.in hgn- \SØn-btijam-Wv- DtZym-

Km¿-∞n-Iƒ- hn-hn-[ Xkv-Xn-IIƒ-°m-bn- At]£ ka¿-∏n-t°≠Xv.- t^m-t´m- A]v-tem-Uv- sNøp-tºmƒ- ]co-£m¿-Xv-Yn-Iƒ- Xm-sg ]dbp-∂ Im-cy-ßƒ- ]tXy-Iw- i≤n-t°≠Xm-

Wv.-1.- t^m-t´m-Iƒ- 31.-12.-2010 \p-tijw- FSp-ØXpw- t^m-t´m-

bn¬- DtZym-Km¿-Xv-Yn-bp-sS t]cpw- t^m-t´m FSp-Ø Xo-

bXn-bpw- ]Xn-®n-cn-°p-Ibpw- thWw.2. ]co-£m¿-XvYn-bp-sS ap-Jhpw- tXm-fp-Ifp-sS ap-Iƒ- m-Khpw-

hy-Iv-Xam-bn- ]Xn-™n-cn-°Ø° hn-[Øn-ep-≈ ]m-kv-

t]m¿- v- sskkn-ep-≈ If¿-/ªm-°v- & ssh‰v- t^m-t´m-bm-bn-cn-°Ww.-

3. -shfp-ØtXm- Cfw- \n-dØn-tem- D≈ ]iv-Nm-ØeØn¬-

Cfw- \n-dØn-ep-≈ hkv-Xw- [cn-®v- FSp-Ø t^m-t´m-bm-bn-cn-°Ww.-

4.- ap-Jw- t\scbpw- ]q¿-Æam-bpw- t^m-t´m-bp-sS a≤y- m-KØv-

]Xn-™n-cn-°Ww.-5.- IÆp-Iƒ- hy-Iv-Xam-bn- Im-WØ° hn-[Øn-em-bn-cn-°Ww.-6.- A]v-tem-Uv- sNøp-∂ t^m-t´m-Iƒ- 200 ]n-Iv-sk¬- h x

150 ]n-Iv-sk¬- w D≈Xpw- JPG t^m¿-am-‰n-ep-≈Xpw-30 KB ^b¬ sskkn¬- A[n-Icn-°m-ØXp-am-bn-cn-°Ww.-

7.- k¨-•m-kv,- sXm-∏n- F∂n-h [cn-®v- FSp-ØXpw- ap-JØn-s≥-d Hcp- hiw- am-Xw- Im-WØ°hn-[ap-≈Xpw- ap-Jw-hy-Iv-Xa√m-ØXp-am-b t^m-t´m-Iƒ- kzo-Im-cy-a√.

8.- ""aXm-Nm-cØn-s≥-d m-Kam-bn- sXm-∏n-/in-tcm-hkv-Xw- [cn-®v- FSp-Ø t^m-t´m- a‰v- \n¿-t±ißf\p-kcn-®m-sW¶n¬-kzo-Im-cy-am-Wv.-

]ªnIv dntej≥kv Hmôk¿

io.- F≥- kµo-]v-t^m¨ : 0471 2546368 OR 9446412483

k¿°ptej≥ (]n.B¿.bqWn‰v): 0471 2447201 extn-368 ,270

io.- Atim-I≥- Ncp-hn¬ ˛ sNb¿-am≥saº¿-, tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩo-j≥

tUm.- sI Djsaº¿,- tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩo-j≥

tUm.- Po-h≥- Fw- sIsaº¿,- tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩo-j≥

AUz.- hn- Fkv- lco-µ\m-Yv-saº¿, tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩo-j≥

io.- ]n- in-hZm-k≥-saº¿,- tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩo-j≥

]Xm[n]kanXn

66952 hscbp≈ hcn°mcpsS Imemh[n P\p-hcn- 15

e-°tØmsSbmWv Ahkm\n°p∂Xv

hcnkwJy (\qdpcq])

aWn-tbm¿U-dmbn Abt°≠ hnemkw:

]ªn-Iv- dn-tej≥-kv- Hm-ô-k¿,-

tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-ho-kv- IΩnj≥,-

]´w- ]m-ekv- ]n.-H., Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw-˛695004

h-cn-°m¿- _p-≈-‰n-≥ kw-_-‘n-®v- I-sØ-gp-Xp-tºm-gpw- t^m-

- sN-øp-tºm-gpw- _p-≈-‰n-\n-s‚- te-_-en-ep-≈- k-_v-kv-ssI-

_¿- \-º¿- Ir-Xy-am-bn- kq-Nn-∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.-

hcn°mcpsS i≤bv°v

Hm -sse≥- lmƒ-Sn-°‰v-Uu -tem-Uv- sNtø≠ hn-[w-

]n-Fkv-kn- sh_v-ssk‰n-s‚ (www.keralapsc.gov.in) Home Page, ¬-Online Admission Ticket F∂ en-¶n¬- ¢n-°v-sNøp-I.- CXn-\p-tijw-hcp-∂ t]Pn¬- OMR/Descriptive Test - F∂Xn¬- ¢n-°v- sNøp-I. -]n-∂o-Sv- Catagory Code- ¢n-°v- sNøp-I.- CXn¬- Xkv-Xn-I F∂Xv- kn-eŒv- sNbv-Xm¬- aXn.- ]n-∂o-Sv- - Barcode Number- ssS∏v-sNbv-Xv- \¬-Ip-I.- CXn-\p-tijw- Date of Birth - ssS∏v-sNøWw.- I have read theInstructions - F∂Xn¬- ¢n-°v- sNbv-XXn-\p-tijw- Proceed - F∂_´\n¬- Iq-Sn- ¢n-°v- sNøp-tºm-tg°pw- lmƒ-Sn-°‰n-s‚ ]n-Un-F v-t^m¿-am-‰v- Im-Wm-\m-Ipw.- CXv- Hm-∏ -sNbv-Xtijw- Uu -tem-Uv-sNbv-Xv- F˛4 sskkv- t]∏dn¬- ]n-s‚Sp-°p-I.- lmƒ-Sn-°‰v-Uu -tem-Uv- sNøp-tºmƒ- AXn¬- ]n-Fkv-kn-bp-sS _m¿-tIm-Upw-Fw-ªhpw- hy-‡am-bn- ]Xn-™n- p-≠v- F∂v- Dd∏p-hcp-Øp-I.-

_m¿-tIm-Uv- \º¿-\„s∏´h¿-sNtø≠Xv-

At]-£-bn¬- sam-ss_¬- \-º¿- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-h¿-°v- _m¿-tIm-Uv- \-º¿- Dƒ-s∏-sS-]-co-£- kw-_-‘n-®- hn-h-c-ßƒ- sa-tk-Pm-bn- e- n-°pw.- _m¿-tIm-Uv- \-º¿- \-„-s∏- -h¿- A-t]-£m- t^m-an¬- \¬-In-bn-cn-°p-∂-sam-ss_¬- \-º-cn¬-\n-∂v- \n-›n-X- t^m¿-am-‰n¬- 537252 F-∂- \-º-cn-te-°v- sa-tk-Pv-\¬-In-bm¬- _m¿-tIm-Uv- \-º¿- e- n-°pw.- sa-tk-Pv- A-b-bv-t°-≠- t^m¿-am-‰v- Np-h-sS.-KPSC (space) BC (space) Catagory Code. -

DtZym-Km¿-∞n-Ifp-sS i≤bv-°v-

]n.-F-kv.-kn.- ]-co-£- F-gp-Xp-∂-h-cpw- ]-am-W- ]-cn-tim-[-\-Iƒ-°pw- Im-bn-I-£-a-Xm- ]-cn-tim-[-\-Iƒ-°pw- lm-P-cm-Ip-∂- D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-Iƒ- A-Uv-an-j-≥ Sn-°-‰n-\pw- A-Xn-≥]-Im-c-ap-≈- sF-U-≥dn-^n-t°-j-≥ k¿-ń-^n-°-‰n-\pw- ]p-d-sa- C-\n- ]-d-bp-∂- Xn-cn-®-dn-b¬- tc-J-I-fn¬- G-sX-¶n-epw- H-∂p-Iq-Sn- lm-P-cm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.- Xn-cn-®-dn-b¬- tc-J-bpw- A-Xn-s≥d- kz-bw- km-£y-s∏-Sp-Øn-b- i-cn-∏-I¿-∏pw- lm-P-cm-°m-

Ø- D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-I-sf- ]-co-£-sb-gp-Xm-≥ A-\p-h-Zn-°p-∂--X-√.-

Xn-cn-®-dn-b¬- tc-J-Iƒ-Xn-cn-®-dn-b¬- tc-J-Iƒ-Xn-cn-®-dn-b¬- tc-J-Iƒ-Xn-cn-®-dn-b¬- tc-J-Iƒ-Xn-cn-®-dn-b¬- tc-J-Iƒ-

1. C-e-Iv-j-≥ I-Ωo-j-≥ \¬-In-b- thm-´¿- sF-U-≥dn-‰n- Im¿-Uv.

2. ]m-≥Im¿-Uv.3. ssU-hnw-Kv- sse-k-≥kv-.4.- tZ-i-km-Xv-Ir-X- _m-¶p-Iƒ-\¬-Ip-∂-t^m-t´m- ]-Xn-

®- ]m-kv-_p-°v.5.- k¿-°m¿- Po-h-\-°m¿-°v- A-h¿- tPm-en-sN-øp-∂- kv-

Ym-]-\w- \¬-Ip-∂- t^m-t´m- ]-Xn-®- Xn-cn-®-dn-b¬-Im¿-Uv.

6.- km-aq-ly-t£-a-h-Ip-∏v- hn-I-emw-K¿-°p- \¬-Ip-∂-t^m-t´m-]-Xn-®- Xn-cn-®-dn-b¬- Im¿-Uv.

7.- ]m-kv-t]m¿-´v.8.- hn-ap-‡ `S∑m-cp-sS Un-kv-Nm¿-Pv- k¿- n- n-°‰v-/Pn-

√m- ssk\n-I t£a Bô-k¿- hn-ap-‡ `S∑m¿-°v- \¬-Ip-∂ t^m-t´m- ]Xn-® sFU‚n-‰n- Im¿-Uv.

9.- tam-t´m¿- hm-l\ hIp-∏v- \¬-Ip-∂ I≠Œ¿-ssek≥-kv .

10.- sjUyqƒ-Uv- _m-¶p-Iƒ-/tIcf tÃ‰v- tIm- Hm-∏td‰o-hv-

_m-¶v-/Un-kv-SnIv-‰v- tIm- Hm-∏td‰o-hv- _m-¶p-Iƒ- F∂n-h \¬-Ip-∂ t^m-t´m- ]Xn-® ]m- v- _p-°v.

11.- s]m-Xp-taJe ÿm-]\ßƒ- (hn-hn-[ Iº\n-Iƒ-/tIm¿-∏tdj\p-Iƒ-/t_m¿-Up-Iƒ-/AtXm-dn-‰n-Iƒ)-k¿-°m¿- kz-bw-`cW ÿm-]\ßƒ- Ahcp-sS Po-h\°m¿-°v- \¬-Ip-∂ t^m-t´m- ]Xn-® sFU‚n-‰n- Im¿-Uv.

12.- tIcf kw-ÿm-\Øn-se k¿-∆Iem-im-e Po-h\°m¿-°v- \¬-Ip-∂ t^m-t´m- ]Xn-® sFU‚n-‰n- Im¿-Uv.

13.- hn-Iemw-Kcm-b DtZym-Km¿-∞n-Iƒ-°v- saUn-°¬-t_m¿-Uv- \¬-Ip-∂ t^m-t´m- ]Xn-® saUn-°¬-k¿-ń-^n°‰v.

14.- AUz-t°‰v- Bbn- F≥-tdmƒ- sNbv-Xh¿-°v- _m¿-Iu¨-kn¬- \¬-Ip-∂ t^m-t´m- ]Xn-® sFU‚n-‰n- Im¿-Uv.

15.- tIµ Kh¨-sa‚ v \¬-Ip-∂ B[m¿- Im¿-Uv-(AADHAAR CARD).

F¬-Un-kn- (hn-hn-[w)-IÆq¿,- Be∏p-g- - Pn-√Ifn-se ]co-£

2014 P\p-hcn- 18\v-DtZym-Km¿-∞n-Iƒ- D®bv-°v- 1.-30\p- ap-ºm-bn- ]co-£m-lm-fn¬- lm-Pcm-tI≠Xm-Wv-

1.-30\p tijw- DtZym-Km¿-∞n-Isf ]co-£m- lm-fn¬- ]thin-∏n-°p-∂X√.-

LGS (hn-hn-[w-) ]-co-£m- Xo-b-Xn-

dµÎ È¢. ¼ßÜïÏáæ¿ çÉøíå ÉøàfÞ ÄàÏÄß1 ÄßøáÕÈLÉáø¢ & hb\m-Sv- 20.9.20142 ¦ÜMáÝ & ÉÞÜAÞ¿í 11.10.20143 ÉJÈ¢ÄßG & Im-k¿-tKm-Uv- 25.10.20144 §¿áAß & çµÞÝßçAÞ¿í 08.11.20145 çµÞGÏ¢ & ÎÜMáù¢ 22.11.20146 sIm-√w- & Xr-»q¿- 06.12.20147 IÆq¿- & FdWm-Ip-fw- 20.12.2014

2014 P\p-hcn- 15 ]nFkvkn _p≈¡n≥ 3

KERALA PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONNOTIFICATION

No. DEI (1) 11978/2013/EW. Thiruvananthapuram,Dated: 20.12.2013.

The Departmental Tests notified in extra ordinary Kerala Gazette No. 3020 dated 22.10.2013 willbe held from 21.01.2014 to 06.02.2014 at the places shown below in accordance with the Time-tableappended to this notification. The tests will be objective type (OMR valuation) except the tests for theIInd class Language Test in Malayalam/Tamil/Kannada, Minority Language Test in Kannada andTamil.1. Thiruvananthapuram 29. Thrissur2. Nedumangad 30. Kunnamkulam3. Neyyattinkara 31. Irinjalakuda4. Attingal 32 Chalakudy5. Kollam 33. Palakkad6. Kottarakkara 34. Mannarkad7. Karunagappally 35. Ottapalam8. Pathanamthitta 36. Alathoor9. Adoor 37. Chittoor10. Thiruvalla 38. Malappuram11. Mavelikara 39. Nilambur12. Chengannur 40. Manjeri13. Alappuzha 41. Ponnani14. Haripad 42. Thirur15. Thakazhi 43. Tenhipalam16. Cherthala 44. Kozhikode17. Kottayam 45. Quilandy18. Pala 46. Vadakara19. North Paravur 47. Kalpetta20. Thodupuzha 48 Sulthanbathery21. Peerumedu 49. Mananthavady22. Udumbanchola 50. Thalassery23. Painavu 51. Kannur24. Ernakulam 52. Thaliparamba25. Kattappana 53 Payyannur26. Thrippoonithura 54. Kanhangad27. Moovattupuzha 55. Kasaragod28. Vaikkom 56. Kavarathi IslandsII. Admission Tickets can be downloaded from PSC Website. (www.keralapsc.gov.in)III. The question papers that can be answered by referring to books in the examination hall have been

indicated in the Time-table with the words “With Books”. Candidates will be allowed to use onlythe text books prescribed in the respective subjects which are published by Government. Theuse of the books containing notes or commentaries and guides, digest, summaries etc. is prohib-ited. Acts and Rules by Government amending the codes prescribed in the reference books willhowever be permitted in the examination hall for paper that can be answered “With Books”.

The following publications are permitted for reference.Papers Name of Books Editor/PublicationAccount Test (Higher) The constitution of India (Bare Act) Any private publicationPart II – Paper I (should not be a guide or treatise)(Introduction)Motor Vehicles Law of Motor Vehicles in Kerala Sri.A.Gangadharan BA, BLDepartment Test I Law of Motor Vehicles in Kerala Sri. G.Suresh for AG Publications,Paper Cochin

Sri. A. K. Avirah, Advocate,Motor Vehicles Law of Taxes on Motor Vehicles Ernakulam andDepartment Test II Sri. Parameswaran Moothath, B.A. B.L.Paper The Kerala Motor Vehicles Sri. Sugathan, Advocate, Ernakulam

Taxation Act, 1976Panchayat Tests Kerala Panchayat Manual Published by the Law Times, Cochin-11

(Act and Rules)Civil Judicial Test I Published by the Law Times Cochin-11,Paper Code of Civil Procedure Swami Law House Ernakulam & Law Books

Centre ErnakulamVillage Officers Test Kerala Village Manual Government Publication onlyExcise Test Part - A The Kerala Abkari Act B.G.Harindranath, Swamy Law House,I & II Papers Ernakulam.Revenue Test Paper LAWS ON LAND Sri.GangadharanI, II & III LAWS ON LAND Sri. G.Suresh

LAWS ON LAND IN KERALA Sri.George Johnson and Sri.Dominic JohnsonRevenue Test KERALA LAND REFORMS ACT Sri.Sugathan, Advocate, ErnakulamPaper – III LAW OF LAND REFORMS IN KERALA Sri.George Johnson and Sri.Dominic JohnsonRevenue Test VILLAGE MANUAL Government Publication onlyPaper – IV

1) The Minimum Wages Act, 1948 Universal Publications, Law PublishingKerala Head 2) The Payment of Wages Act, 1936 Company Pvt. Ltd, NewDelhi (should notLoad Workers Rules 3) The Payment of Bonus Act, 1965 be a guide or treatise) allowed upto 2I Paper 4) The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 years or till the publication of Govt.

5) The Employees Compensation Book whichever is earlier. Act,1923

IV. Candidates shall not use in the examination hall private publications other than those specificallymentioned in the notification to answer the question paper that can be answered by referring tobooks.

V. Candidates shall bring with them their own text books for answering the papers for which the useof books is allowed. No candidates will be allowed to share books with or give books to or takebooks from any other candidate during the course of examination.

VI. Candidates are not allowed to bring and use calculators, Mobile Phones and other electronicequipments inside the examination hall.

VII. Any candidate who does not behave properly towards the Chief Superintendents or AssistantSuperintendents or Additional Chief Superintendents of the examination or is found to have hadrecourse to malpractice of any kind in the examination hall, will be ejected from the examinationhall. The answer script of such candidates are liable to be invalidated. He/she is liable to bedebarred from appearing again for the Departmental Tests of such time as the Commission maydecide. The matter may also be reported to the Heads of Departments and Director of VigilanceDepartment, for further action. The same penalty will be imposed on any candidate who at-tempts to canvass or influence the Examiner or a Member of the Commission or their staff inconnection with the examination or on whose behalf such attempt is made by any other person.

Note: -1 It is the responsibility of the candidates to see by referring to the heading on the questionpaper that they get the question paper meant for the test for which they have applied andto write their Register Number on the top of the question paper booklets.

2 The admission tickets of the Kerala Jail Subordinate Officers Test-II Paper and Kerala JailOfficers Test III Paper (practical test) will be issued separately.

3 Candidates who wish to change their Centre of examination owing to transfer from onestation to another may apply for the same on or before 06.01.2014 showing the reason forthe change of centre to the Joint Secretary, Departmental Tests, Kerala Public ServiceCommission, Thiruvananthapuram - 4 sufficiently early. They will be admitted for the testin the new centre only if intimation sanctioning change of centre received from the JointSecretary Departmental Tests, Kerala Public Service Commission, Thiruvananthapuram-4 is produced before the Chief Superintendents of Examinations.

4 Pointed attention of the candidates is also invited to the revised instructions on the admission tickets. Candidates should hand over to the Assistant Superintendents their Identification Certificates duly identified by the Head of the Office or Institution where they areworking along with original chalan receipts remitting examination fee.

5 The candidate should sign against his/her name in the list of candidates at the time ofexamination failure to which will result in the invalidation of his/her answer script.

6 Answer scripts containing any mark of identification will be invalidated. Candidates shouldnot write their register numbers anywhere in the answer books except in the space provided for the purpose.

VIII (A) Answer scripts of candidates are liable to be invalidated for violation of instructions such as(1) Writing admission tickets number, name or anything else intended to give a clue to the

identity of the candidates on any part of the answer sheet other than the space specificallyprovided for writing the admission ticket number.

(2) Failure to write and bubble or failure to write and bubble correctly and distinctly the admission ticket number & paper code number in the space provided.

(3) Failure or refusal to sign on the proper space against the name of the candidate in thesubject-wise list presented to him/her by the invigilator at the time of examination for obtaining the signature:

(4) Attending a test for which the candidate had not applied for and not been admitted videadmission tickets:

(5) Appearing for test at a center other than the one to which the candidate is admitted withoutobtaining specific sanction from the Joint Secretary;

(6) Bringing unauthorized books into the examination hall irrespective of the fact whether thecandidate has referred to it or not.

(7) Bringing calculators, Mobile phones and other electronic equipments inside the examination hall irrespective of the fact whether the candidate has used it or not;

(8) Failure to produce Identification Certificate and Admission Tickets duly attested.(9) Producing Identification Certificate and Admission Ticket bearing no PSC emblem.(10) Failure to produce original chalan receipt of remitting Examination Fee.(11) Producing Admission Ticket instead of Identification Certificate.

(B) In the following cases of malpractices reported the answer script of the candidate will beinvalidated and the candidate will be debarred for a minimum period of two years from appear-ing for Departmental Test:-1. Answering from unauthorized reference books, notes, digests etc.2. Copying down answers from another candidates script or allowing or aiding or conniving

in copying by another.3. Using reference books with guide sheets, notes etc. stitched in between folios of the

reference booksand

4. Making appeals etc. abusing malignantly institution or person which are irrelevant to thequestion.

5. Using calculators, Mobile phones and other electronic equipments inside the examinationhall.

(C) If any candidate makes any unauthorized correction of the entries regarding names of center,subjects etc. in the admission tickets, the answer script of the candidate will be invalidatedand he or she will be debarred from appearing for Departmental Test for a minimum period ofthree years.

(D) For misbehaving towards the Chief Superintendents, Assistant Superintendents or any otherInspecting Officers of the Commission or for committing any other irregularity or improperaction not covered by any of the item mentioned in ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ above, the answer script willbe invalidated and the candidate will be awarded such other punishment as deemed fit by theCommission depending upon the gravity of the irregularity or offence, as the case may be.

(Sd/-)P.C.BINOY

Office of the Kerala Public Service Commission, SECRETARYThiruvananthapuram - 4 KERALA PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION

Un-∏m¿-´v-sa≥-d¬- sSkv-‰v-˛P\p-hcn- 2014 kabIaw-

4 ]nFkvkn _p≈¡n≥ 2014 P\p-hcn- 15

DEPARTMENTAL TEST - JANUARY 2014TIME TABLE

Running Sl. No.for Test SyllabusSl. No. each day(1) (2) (3) (4)

I. TUESDAY 21.01.2014 (07:30 a.m to 09:30 a.m) 2 hours 1 1 Account Test (Lower) – I Paper Kerala Service Rules (with books) Common Paper

2 Account Test (Lower) for theMinisterial & Executive Staffof KSEB – I Paper

3 Kerala Municipal Test – I Paper

II. WEDNESDAY 22.01.2014 (07:30 a.m to 09:00 a.m) 1.30 hours2 1 Account Test (Lower) II Paper Kerala Financial Code Vol. I & II and Kerala

Budget Manual (with books) (Common Paper)2 Account Test (L) for the Ministerial

and Executive Staff of KSEB - IIPaper-KFC

09.30 a.m to 10.15 a.m (45 minutes)3 3 Second Class Language Test in

Malayalam (Part A Written) Translation from Tamil to Malayalam4 Second Class Language Test in

Malayalam (Part A Written) Translation from Kannada to MalayalamIII. THURSDAY 23.01.2014 (07:30 a.m to 09:00 a.m) 1.30 hours

4 1 Account Test (Lower) III Paper Kerala Account Code Vol.I (with books) andIntroduction to the Indian Government Accountand Audit V Edition except chapters 12, 26, 27,28 & 29 (without books)

5 2 Account Test for Executive Officers -I Kerala Financial Code Vol. I and II KeralaPaper Account Code Vol.I & Kerala Budget Manual

Chapter I to IV, VI & VII (with books)IV. FRIDAY 24.01.2014 (07:30 a.m to 09:00 a.m) 1.30 hours

6 1 Account Test (Lower) IV Paper Kerala Treasury Code Vol.I & II and KeralaAccount Code Vol.II (with books)

7 2 Account Test for Executive Kerala Service Rules (with books)Officers- II Paper

V. SATURDAY 25.01.2014 (07:30 a.m to 09:00 a.m) 1.30 hours8 1 Account Test (H) Part I- II Paper Kerala Financial Code Vols. I & II and Kerala

(Common Test for those working in budget Manual (with books)PWD and KSEB also)

VI. MONDAY 27.01.2014 (07:30 a.m to 09:00 a.m) 1.30 hours9 1 Account Test (Higher) Part II- I paper Introduction to the Indian Govt. Accounts and

(Common Test for those working in Audit V Edition, except Chapters 12, 26, 27, 28 &PWD and KSEB also) 29 (without books) the Constitution of India

(with books) and Kerala Account Code Vol.I(with books)

VII. TUESDAY 28.01.2014 (07:30 a.m to 09:00 a.m) 1.30 hours10 1 Account Test (Higher) Part II – II Paper Kerala Treasury Code Vol.I & II and Kerala

(Common Test for those working in Account Code Vol.II (with books)PWD and KSEB also)

VIII. WEDNESDAY 29.01.2014 (07:30 a.m to 09:30 a.m) 2 hours11 1 Account Test (H) Part II- III Paper Kerala Service Rules (with books)

(Common Test for those working in PWD and KSEB also)

IX. THURSDAY 30.01.2014 (07:30 a.m to 09:00 a.m ) 1.30 hours12 1 Account Test (Higher) Part I – I Paper Kerala Public Works Account Code and

(For those working in PWD and Kerala Account Code Vol.III (with books)KSEB only)

13 2 Agricultural Income Tax and Sales Kerala General Sales Tax Act 1963 and RulesTax Test – I Paper there under Central sales Tax Act 1956 etc.

(with books)14 3 Civil Judicial Test – I Paper India Civil Procedure Code and the kerala Civil

Rules of Practice (with books) (See instructionIII above)

15 4 Forest Test for Clerical and Protective The Kerala Forest Code (with books)Staff – I Paper

16 5 Kerala Jail Officers Test – I Paper a) India Penal Code – Chapters 2,3,4,9 andSections 135, 136, 138, 220 to 225 A, 225 Band 227.b) Criminal Procedure Code 1973 (Act II of 1974)Chapters I, II, III, VIII, XXV, XXXII and XXXIIIc)Travancore Cochin Prisons Act (XVIII of 1950)and the Kerala Prisons Rulesd) Lunacy Act (Central ) (with books)

17 6 Kerala State Probation Test Part I – Indian Penal CodeI Paper

18 7 Departmental Test on Laws Relating Motor Vehicles Act 1988 and Centralto Motor Vehicles – I Paper ( for Motor Vehicles Rules 1989 and the Keralamembers of the Kerala Transport Motor Vehicles Rules 1989 (with books)Services, Kerala Transport Subordi (see instruction III above)nate Service and Ministerial Staff ofthe Motor Vehicles Department)

19 8 Local Fund Audit Department Test 1. Acts and Rules (with Books).(Lower – I Paper) (a) LFAD Act and Rules thereunder.

(b) Kerala Municipal Act 1994 and the Rulesthereunder.(c) The Kerala Panchayat Raj Act 1994 and theRules thereunder.(d) Other Enactments:(i) The Charitable Endowments Act and thRules thereunder.(ii) The Madras Hindu Religious and CharitableEndowments Act and the Rules thereunder.(iii) The Travancore - Cochin Hindu ReligiousInstitutions Act.Panchayat Manual and the Kerala MunicipalCorporation Manual published by Governmentcan be used as reference books as perG.O.(Ms.) No.248/84/Fin. Dated; 9.5.1984.

20 9 Kerala Municipal Test- II Paper Kerala Financial Code Vol.I & II Kerala AccountCode/Vols. I and II and Kerala Budget Manual(with books)

21 10 Panchayat Test-I Paper Kerala Panchayat Raj Act 1994 and Rules(with Books) excluding subject specified underPaper III with specific reference to citizenscharter, Ombudsman, Tributed for LSGI’s etc.Note:- Allowed to use Kerala Panchayath Manual(Act & Rules) Published by Law Times,Cochin-11)

22 11 Test on Kerala Police Manual Kerala Police Manual (with books)12 Departmental Test for the Ministerial (Common Paper)

Staff of the Vigilance - I Paper23 13 Kerala Registration Test Part I – The Indian Registration Act, The Kerala

I Paper Registration Rules and the Table of Fees asprescribed Rules and the Table of Fees asprescribed by the Kerala Govt. (with books)

24 14 Revenue Test – I Paper 1. Land Acquisition Act – 1894(with books) 2. Kerala Land Relinquishment Act –1958

3. Kerala Survey and Boundaries Act-19614. Kerala Escheats and Forfeitures Act 19685. Kerala Treasure Troves Act – 19686. Kerala Requisitioning and Acquisition ofProperty Act 19817. Kerala Road Fund Act – 20018. Kerala Land Utilisation Order – 19679. Kerala protection of Paddy Land and Wet LandAct – 200810. National Highway Act – 1956Note:- Village Manual is permitted for Revenue Test IV th paper only

07.30 a.m to 09.30 a.m (2.00 hours)25 15 Excise Test Part “A” – I Paper Abkari Act and Rules and Notification (with books)

X. FRIDAY 31.01.2014 (07:30 a.m to 09:00 a.m) 1.30 hours26 1 District Office Manual Test District Office Manual27 2 Deptl Test for the Staff of the K.P.S.C. The K.P.S.C. Office Manual28 3 Manual of Office Procedure Test

4 Deptl Test for the Ministerial Staff of Manual of Office Procedure for use in OfficesVigilance Division – II Paper other than Secretariat (Common Paper)

5 Deptl Test for the Ministerial Staff ofKSEB IV Paper

29 6 Secretariat Manual Test The Kerala Secretariat Office Manual

XI. SATURDAY 01.02.2014 (07:30 a.m to 09:00 a.m) 1.30 hours30 1 Agri. Income Tax and Sales Tax – II Agricultural Income Tax Act and the Rules

Paper thereunder (with books)31 2 Civil Judicial Test- II Paper Indian Limitation Act, The Kerala Civil Court Act,

The Kerala Court Fee and Suit Valuation Act andKerala Stamp Act (with books)

32 3 Forest Test ( for Clerical and Law - The Kerala Forest Act and RulesProtective Staff) - II Paper thereunder (with books) Gaz.No.44/2005/DTP

33 4 Kerala State Probation Test Part I-II Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (Act 2 of 1974)Paper Security Section (Chapter VIII – Sections 106 to

124) Maintenance of Public Order andTranquility (Chapter X Sections 129-132G.O.Ms 3/76/LA and SWD dated 5-1-1976)

34 5 Departmental Test on Laws relating Kerala Motor Vehicles Taxation Act, 1976to Motor Vehicle-II Paper (For Kerala and Rules made thereunder (with books)Transport Service, and Kerala (see instruction III above).Transport Subordinate Service andMinisterial Staff) of Motor VehiclesDepartment

35 6 Local Fund Audit Department Test General Knowledge, Precis and Drafting.(Lower)-II Paper (a) Office Procedure in Local Fund Audit

Office including Precis and Draft writing.(b) Principles and Procedure of Audit of FundAccounts.

36 7 Panchayat Test - II Paper Allied Acts and Rules including KMBRRegistration & Birth & Death Act 1969, HinduMarriage Act 1955, Local Fund Audit Act 1994,Registration of marriages (common) Rules 2008,Cinema Registration Act 1958, Local BodiesEntertainment Tax Act 1961, Public Health Act1955, (T.C.), Public Health Act 1939 (Madras)(with books)

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Note:- Allowed to use Kerala Panchayath Manual(Act & Rules) Published by Law Times, Cochin-11)

37 8 Kerala Public Works DepartmentTest-I Paper

9 Departmental Test for the Ministerial Kerala Public Works Department Code,Staff of KSEB-I Paper (with books) (common paper)

10 Departmental Test for the ExecutiveStaff of KSEB – I Paper

38 11 Kerala Registration Test Part I-II Kerala Registration Manual and Circular OrderPaper (with books)

39 12 Revenue Test – II Paper 1.Kerala Government Land Assignment Act – 1960(with books) 2. Kerala Restriction on Transfer by and Restora

tion of Lands to Scheduled Tribes Act – 19993. Kerala Scheduled Tribe (Restoration onTransfer of Lands and Restoration of AlienatedLand Act – 1975)4. Kerala Land Conservancy Act – 19575. Kerala Land Development Act – 19646. Kerala Land Development Corporation Limited(Special Powers) Act – 19747. Kerala Service Inam Lands (Vesting andEnfranchisement) Act – 19818. Kerala Highway Protection Act – 19999. Kerala Protection of River Bank’s andRegulation of Removal of Sand Act – 200110. Kerala Stay of eviction proceedings Act – 200111. Kerala Private Forest (Vesting andAssignment) Act – 197112. Sree Pandaravaka Lands (Vesting andEnfranchisement) Act – 197113. Sreepadam Lands Enfranchisement Act – 196914. Malabar Land Registration Act – 189515. Kannan Devan Hills (Resumption of Lands)Act – 197116. Scheduled Tribes and Other TraditionalForest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights)Act 2006

07.30 a.m to 09.30 a.m (2.00 hours)40 13 Excise Test Part “A” – II Paper Prohibition Act and Rules, Medicinal and Toilet

Preparation Act and Rules, the narcotics Drugsand Psychotropic Substance Act 1985 and theRules made thereunder by the Government ofIndia and Government of Kerala, SpirituousPreparations, Interstate Trade and CommerceControl Act and Rules (with books)

XII. MONDAY 03.02.2014 (07:30 a.m to 09:00 a.m) 1.30 hours41 1 Criminal Judicial Test-I Paper Criminal Procedure Code 1973 (Act II of 1974)

and the Travancore Kochi Criminal Rules ofPractices (with books)

42 2 Kerala State Probation Test (a) Probation of Offenders Act, 1958 Central andPart II-I paper the Kerala Probation of Offenders Rules, 1960

(b) Immoral Traffic Prevention Act, 1986 and theRules framed thereunder.(c) Juvenile Justice Act 1986 and the Rulesframed thereunder and(d) Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection ofChildren) Act 2000 (Central Act)(e) Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection ofChildren) Rules 2003 (State Rules)(f) Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection ofChildren) Amendment Act 2006 (Central Act)(g) Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection ofChildren) Rules 2007 (Central Model Rules 2007)

43 3 Local Fund Audit Department Test Acts and Rules as described hereunder (with books).(Higher)-I Paper (a) Constitution of India.

(b) Kerala Municipal Act 1994 and the Rulesthereunder.(c) The Court of Wards Act and Rules thereunder.(d) LFAD Act and Rules thereunder.(e) Kerala Panchayat Raj Act 1994.(f)The Kerala Local Authorities EntertainmentTax Act and the Rules thereunder.(g) The Kerala Local Authorities Loans Act andRules thereunder.(h) The Kerala Places of Public Resort Act andthe Rules thereunder.(i) The Public Health Act and the Rules thereunder.(j) The Food Adulteration Act and the Rulesthereunder.(k) The Town Planning Act and the Rules thereunder.(l) The Kerala Cattle Trespass Act and the Rulesthereunder.(m) The Madras Hindu Religious and CharitableEndowments Act and Rules thereunder.(n) The Travancore Cochin Hindu ReligiousInstitutions Act.(o) The Charitable Endowments Acts and Rulesthereunder.(p)The Kerala University Act and the Statutesthereunder.(q) The Cochin University Act and the Statutes

thereunder.(r) The Calicut University Act and the Statutesthereunder.(s) The Kerala Agricultural University Act and theStatutes thereunder.(t) The Kerala State Housing Board Act andthe Rules thereunder.Note:- Panchayat Manual and the KeralaMunicipal Corporation Manual published byGovernment can be used as reference books asper G.O.(Ms.) No.248/84/Fin. Dated; 9.5.1984.

44 4 Departmental Test on Code of Criminal Criminal Procedure Code 1973 (Act II of 1974)Procedure and Kerala Manual of Chapters I to VII, XII, XIII, XV, XVI, XVII, XIX,Office Procedure for Motor Vehicles XX, XXI, XXIII A, XXIII B, XXIV, XXVII, XXIX,Inspectors in the Kerala Transport XXXII and XXXVII and Kerala Manual of OfficeService. Procedure (with books)

45 5 Panchayath Test –III Paper Acts, Rules, Manuals, Government Orders/Circulars in respect of Accounts, Audit (LF, AG,Social) Budgeting, Store Purchasing, PublicWorks Governing the PRIs and functionstransferred to PRIs. (with books)Note:- Allowed to use Kerala Panchayath Manual(Act & Rules) Published by Law Times, Cochin-11)

46 6 Kerala Public Works DepartmentTest- II Paper

7 Departmental test for the Ministerial Kerala Public Works Account Code (with books)Staff of KSEB – II Paper (Common Paper)

8 Departmental test for the ExecutiveStaff of KSEB- II Paper

47 9 Kerala Registration Test Part II Kerala Stamp Act and Rules there under andIndian Stamp Act in respect of documentsspecified in entry 91 of list I (Union List of the VIIschedule of the constitution of India and Rulesrelating to those documents) (with books)

48 10 Revenue Test – III Paper 1. Kerala Land Reforms Act – 1963(with books) 2. Kerala Land Tax Act – 1961

3. Kerala Revenue Recovery Act – 19644. Kerala Public Accountants Act – 19635. Kerala Board of Revenue Abolition Act – 19966. Transfer of Registry Rules – 19667. Kerala Plantation Tax Act – 19608. Kerala Building Tax Act – 19759. Kerala Building (Leases and Rent Control) Act– 196510. Kerala Stamp Act 1959

49 11 Forest Test (for Executive and General LawControlling Staff)-I Paper a. Kerala Forest Act and Rules thereunder

b. The Kerala Land Acquisition Actc.The Boundary Actd.The Cattle Trespass Acte. Indian Penal Code Chapters 1 to 5, 9 to 11, 17,18, 23 andf. The Indian Criminal Procedure Code 1973,Chapters 1, 5, 6, 7, 15, 16, 19, 20, 23, 24, 26, 27 & 30

50 12 Labour Department Test Part I Plantation Labour Act 1961. Minimum WagesAct 1948 etc. and Rules thereunder administeredby Labour Department (with books)

07.30 a.m to 09.30 a.m (2.00 hours)51 13 Excise Test Part B (Criminal Law) Criminal Procedure Code 1973 (Act II of 1974),

Evidence Act and Indian Penal Code (withbooks)

XIII. TUESDAY 04.02.2014 (07:30 a.m to 09:00 a.m) 1.30 hours52 1 Account Test Lower for the Elements of Commercial Accounts. Book

Ministerial and Executive Staff of Keeping all chapters except chapters 13 and 15KSEB-III Paper dealing in Partnership Accounts and Company.

Accounts respectively, of the book. Double EntryBook Keeping by Jamshed R Batliboi.

53 2 Criminal Judicial Test – II Paper The Indian Penal Code (with books)54 3 Kerala Jail Officers Test – II Paper Sociology, Penology and Criminology55 4 Local Fund Audit Department Test Finances of Local Bodies and Principles of Local

(Higher)- II Paper Fund Audit, Principles and Procedure in theIndian Audit Code and Audit Manual with specialreference to Local Fund Account. (with book)

56 5 Panchayat Test – IV Paper Constitution 73rd, 74th Amendments, Provisionsof Writ JurisdictionCr.PC 1973 – Chapter VI (of process to compelappearance)Chapter VII (of process to compel production ofdocuments)Chapter X (Public nuisances)C.P.C 1908 – Section 15 to 20,60,79,80 andorder XVI, XXIRTI Act – 2005, Disaster Management, CentrallySponsored Schemes viz, NREGS, RInF, SGSY,PMGSY etc. various Social Security pension, thePerson with disabilities (Equal Opportunities,Protection of Right and Full Participation) Act –1995, Decentralised Planning of PRIs, Five YearPlan with reference to the functions specifiedunder Schedule III, IV, V of Kerala Panchayat RajAct 1994. Betta service deliver, Front Office

6 ]nFkvkn _p≈¡n≥ 2014 P\p-hcn- 15

system, Good Governance, Civil registrationonline, Hospital Kiosks, EnvironmentalProtection Act 1986. (with books)Note:- Allowed to use Kerala Panchayath Manual(Act & Rules) Published by Law Times, Cochin-11)

57 6 Kerala Port Department Test 1.The Kerala Port Department Manual(with books) 2. The Indian Ports Act, 1908 (Act XV of 1908)

3. The Merchant Shipping Act, 1958 (Act XLIVof 1958)4. The Indian Light House Act5. The Madras Minor Ports Harbor CraftsRules, 19536. Port Conservancy Rules, Port Pier Rulesgoverning the Warehousing of goods in theGovernment sheds and go downs at the Port ofTravancore-Cochin, Port Cargo Boats Rules andRules for the working of Tugs “Alappuzha” and“Venad” issued in Notification No. PWC 4-349655/PWC dated 18/10/1955 amended fromtime to time.7. Note for the guidance of Officers in CommonWealth Countries Overseas, Territories and theIrish Republic (British Merchant Shipping andSeaman Revised). Issued by the Ministry ofTransport 1963.(i) The Merchant Shipping (Registration ofSailing Vessels) Rules, 1960.(ii) The Merchant Shipping (Tonnage feeMeasurement of Sailing Vessels) Rules, 1960.(iii) The Sailing Vessels (Assignment of FreeBoard) Rules, 1960.(iv) The Sailing Vessels (Statement of Crew)Rules, 1960 and the Sailing Vessels(Inspection) Rules, 1962.(v) The Indian Merchant Shipping (Life SavingsAppliances) Rules, 1956(vi) Merchant Shipping (Distressed Seamen)Rules 1960(vii) Merchant Shipping (Continuous DischargeCertificates) Rules, 1960.(viii) Mercantile Marine Circulars issued by theGovernment of India from time to time(ix) Sea Rescue Operations(x) The Inland Vessels Act 1917 as amendedby the Inland vessels Act 2007(xi) Kerala Inland Vessels Rules 2010(xii) International Maritime Organizationstructure and functions(xiii) UN Conventions and Protocols onmaritime law and regulations(xiv) Coastal Zone Regulation Rules(xv) Dock workers Safety Rules(xvi)Marine pollution and oil slicks.

58 7 Kerala Registration Test Part III Miscellaneous Acts etc. (with books)59 8 Forest Test (for Executive and Law-The Kerala Forest Act and Rules

Controlling Staff)-II Paper thereunder (with books)60 9 Kerala State Probation Test Principles of the Probation System

Part II – II Paper (Probation and related measures – Apublication issued by the United Nations)

61 10 Labour Department Test – Part II Industrial Disputes Act 1947, Indian TradeUnion Act and the Rules thereunder administered by the Labour Department (with books)

62 11 Test in Kerala Education Act Kerala Education Act and Rules.and Rules

XIV. WEDNESDAY 05.02.2014 (07:30 a.m to 09:00 a.m) 1.30 hours63 1 Department Test for the Assistant 1. Electricity Act 2003

Electrical Inspectors in the Electrical 2.Supply codes approved by the Kerala StateInspectorate – I Paper (with books) Electricity Regulating Commission

3. Indian Electricity Rules 1956 and4. Codes prescribed by BIS

64 2 Department Test for the Executive Electricity (Supply) Act. Electricity Act andStaff of KSEB- III Paper Rules, Stores Accounting Rules, Tariffs and

Revenue Accounting Rules.65 3 Department Test for the Ministerial Electricity (Supply) Act-Chapter I to IV & VI),

Staff of KSEB-III Paper Stores, Accounting Rules, Tariffs and RevenueAccounting Rules.

66 4 Department Test for the Employment Placement work (this will cover placementExchange Procedure-I Paper work including placement of physically

handicapped) and collections of employmentmarket information based on the followingchapters in Parts I, II and IV of the NationalEmployment Service Manual Vol. I and II (withthe connected E.E Minutes/Notes/ Amendments etc. issued from time to time. ChaptersV to XIII, XVI, and XVIII of Part I and allchapters of Part II and Part IV, NESM (Vol.I)with relevant portion of NESM Vol.II. (NESM1984 edition with subsequent changes.)

67 5 Forest Test (for Executive and Procedure-The Kerala Forest Code andControlling Staff) - III Paper Department Rules (with books)

68 6 Kerala Co-operative Test-I Paper Elements of Banking.

69 7 Kerala Jail Subordinate Officers A Hand book of Kerala Prison Rules andTest-I Paper Kerala Sub Jail Rules.

70 8 Local Fund Audit Department Test Book keeping and Accountancy(Higher)-III Paper

71 9 Kerala Municipal Test III Paper Act and Rules Special Service Rules and StandingOrders etc (with Books) (Common Paper)

10 Municipal Departmental Test Canal Rules and Regulations (Travancore &72 11 Canal Rules Test Cochin)73 12 Kerala State Housing Board Act Kerala State Housing Board Act 1971 (19 of

and Rules. 1971) Kerala State Housing Board Establishment Regulations 1977, Kerala State HousingBoard (Maintenance of Accounts). Rules 1984,Kerala State Housing Board AllotmentRegulation (with book)

74 13 Animal Husbandry Department Test Animal Husbandry Department Manual(with books)

75 14 SC Development Department Test Hand Book of the Harijan Welfare Department(One Paper) (with Books).

76 15 Labour Department Test Part III The Contract Labour Act 1970. The payment ofGratuity Act 1972 etc. Administered by theLabour Department (with books)

77 16 Agricultural Income Tax and Sales Book Keeping Theory and Practice.Tax Test-III Paper

7.30 a.m to 9.30 a.m (2 hours)78 17 Minority Language Test in Kannada Translation from English to Kannada and

(Written Test) Translation from Kannada to English.79 18 Minority Language Test in Tamil Translation from English to Tamil and

(Written Test) Translation from Tamil to English

XV. THURSDAY 06.02.2014 (7.30 a.m to 9.00 a.m) 1.30 hours80 1 Account Test (Lower) for the Kerala Account Code Vol. I and Kerala

Ministerial and Executive Staff Treasury Code Volume I (with Books)of KSEB-IV Paper

81 2 Departmental Test for the Assistant 1. Kerala State Electricity Duty Act and Rules 1963Electrical Inspector in the Electrical 2. Kerala State Electricity Licensing Board Rules

1973Inspectorate – II Paper (with books) 3. Kerala Cinema (Regulations) Act 1958 and

4. Kerala Cinema (Regulations) Rules 198882 3 Departmental Tests for Employment Special Scheme and General Instructions (this

Exchange Procedure-II Paper will cover special schemes like vocationalguidance Employment counseling occupationalresearch etc.) and Chapters on(i) Study and development of the employmentOpportunities(ii) Public Relations and publicity(iii) Various general instruction and Inspectionand technical evaluation of employment exchangebased on the following chapters in Part I and III ofNESM Vol.I and II with connected EE minutesnotes/amendments and etc. issued from time totime Chapters I to IV, XIV, XV and XVII of Part Iand all chapters of Part III. NESM (Vol. I withrelevant portion of NESM Vol. II)

83 4 Kerala Co/operative Test-II Paper Principles of Co-operation and the Co-operative-Societies Act and Rules issued thereunder.

84 5 Kerala Jail Officers Test-IV Paper First Aid, Personal Hygiene and GeneralSanitation.

85 6 Test on Manual of Office Procedure Manual of Office Procedure (Police)(Police)

86 7 PWD Manual Test The Kerala PWD Manual and Additions/Amendments to it from time to time (with books)

87 8 Departmental Test on Kerala Head 1. Minimum Wages Act, 1948Load Workers Rules (with Books) 2. Payment of wages Act, 1936

3. Workmen compensation Act, 19234. Payment of Bonus Act, 19655. Kerala Head Load Worker (Regulation ofEmployment and welfare) Scheme, 19836. Kerala Head Load Worker Act, 19787. Industrial Dispute Act, 19478. Kerala Head load worker Welfare Board Staff(Appointment, Service conditions, Code andConduct) Rules, 2002.

88 9 Revenue test - IV Paper Unified Village Manual(Unified Village Manual Test) (with books)

89 10 Test in Weight and Measures Act 1. Standards of Weights and Measures Act 1976.and Rules 2. Standards of Weights and Measures (PC)

Rules 1977.3. Standards of Weights and Measures (General)Rules 1987.4. Standards of Weights and Measures (Approvalof Models) Rules 1987.5. Standards of Weights and Measures (Interstateverification and Stamping) Rules 1987.6. Standards of Weights and Measures(Numeration) Rules 1987.7. Standards of Weights and Measures (NationalStandards) Rules 19878. Standards of Weights and Measures(Enforcement) Act 19859. Standards of Weights and MeasuresEnforcement) Act 1992

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1 hIp∏v : FIvsskkv2 DtZymKt∏cv : knhn¬ FIvsskkv Hmôk¿3 iºfw : ` 10,480-˛18,300/-4 HgnhpIfpsS FÆw : Pn√mSnÿm\Øn¬

Xncph\¥]pcw˛3 (aq∂v)sIm√w, ]Ø\wXn´, Be∏pgtIm´bw, CSp°n, FdWmIpfwXr»q¿, ]me°mSv, ae∏pdwtImgnt°mSv, hb\mSvIÆq¿, ImkdtKmUv

5 \nba\ coXn : t\cn´p≈ \nba\w.Ipdn∏v:- BsIbp≈ HgnhpIfn¬ 97% t\cn´p≈ \nba\w hgn\nIØpItbm t\cn´p≈ \nba\Øn\mbn am‰n hbv°pItbmsNøp∂XmWv6 ]mbw- : 19˛-36.- D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-Iƒ- 02.-01.-1977\pw- 01.-01.-1994\pw-C-S-bn¬- P-\n-®-h-cm-bn-cn-°-Ww.- (c-≠p- Xo-b-Xn-I-fpw- Dƒ-s∏-sS-).- ]- n-I-Pm-Xn-/-]- n-I-h¿-§- °m¿-°pw- a-‰p-]n-t∂m-°- hn- m-K-Øn-ep-≈-h-cv-°pw- A-\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-b- h-b- n-f-hv- D-≠m-bn-cn-°pw.-t\m´v: bmsXmcp ImcWhimepw Db¿-∂ ]mb]cn[n 50(AºXv) hb v Ihnbm≥ ]mSn√ F∂ hyhÿbv°vhnt[bambn Db¿-∂ ]mb]cn[nbn¬ A\phZn®n´p≈ ]tXyIB\pIqeyßƒ-°v Cu hn⁄m]\Øns‚ ]m¿- v II se s]mXphyhÿIƒ (JfinI 2) t\m°pI.7 tbmKyXIƒ :- 1) πkv Sp ]co£ ]m mbncn°WwAYhm XØp√yamb tbmKyX t\Snbncn°Ww.2) Ipd™]£w 165 sk.ao. Dbchpw 81 sk.ao. s\©fhpwIpd™Xv 5 sk.ao. hnImkhpw D≠mbncn°Ww.Ipdn∏v:- ]ńIPmXn/]ńIh¿-§ Øn¬-s∏´h¿-°vv 160 sk.aoDbchpw 76 sk.ao. s\©fhpw aXnbmIp∂XmWv. F∂m¬ 5sk.ao. hnImkw Ah¿-°pw D≠mbncn°Ww.3) Hu- v- tUm¿- tPm-en-Iƒ- k-Po-h-am-bn- sN-øm-\p-≈- Im-bn-I-ti-jn-bpw- im-co-cn-I- tbm-Ky-X-bpw- I-gn-hpw- D-s≠-∂p- Im-Wn-°p-∂-Xpw- A-kn-Ãv-‚ v- k-¿-÷-\n¬- Xm-sg-b-√m-Ø- dm-¶p-≈- H-cp- sa-Un-°¬- B- o-k¿- km-£y-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≈-Xp-am-b- n-‰v-\-kv- k-¿-ń-^n-°-‰v- Hm-tcm- D-tZ-ym-Km-¿-∞n- bpw- B-h-iy-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ- lm-P-cm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.-Ipdn∏v:- 1) Cu hn⁄m]\]Imcw t\cn´p≈ \nba\Øn¬hnap‡`S∑m¿-°v ap≥-KW\ \¬-Ip∂Xmbncn°pw. kvXoIfpwhnIemwKcpw ]kvXpX tPmen°v At]£n°phm≥ A¿-lc√.2) knhn¬ FIvss kv Hmôk¿ XkvXnIbnte°v t\cn´pf\nba\w e`n°p∂h¿ AhcpsS XpS¿-®bmb aq∂ph¿-jsØk¿-∆okn\nSbn¬ Uyqńbnep≈ c≠ph¿-j°mews]mt_j\nembncn°pw. \nba\w In´p∂h¿ dh\yq t_mUv\n›bn°p∂Xpt]mse aq∂pamkØn¬ IpdbmØ Imew]cnioe\w Ignt°≠XmWv. ]cnioe\Imew s]mt_j\pwC≥-Insa‚n\pw IW°m°p∂XmWv.3) sS-bn-\nw-Kn-\v- A-b-bv-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿- sS-bn-\nw-Kv- ]q¿-Øn- bm-°m-sa-∂pw- sS-bn-\nw-Kn-\p-ti-jw- d-h-\yp- t_m¿-Uv-(F-Iv-ssk-kv- )- \n¿-t±-in-°p-∂- co-Xn-bn-ep-≈- Ip-d-™- Im-e-tØ-°v- K-h-¨-sa-‚n-s\- tk-hn-®p- sIm-≈m-sa-∂p-≈- H-cp- t_m-≠v- lm-Pm-cm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.- A-√m-Ø-]-£w- sS-bn-\nw-Kn-\v- sN-e-hm-b- Xp-I-bpw- \-„-]-cn-lm-c-hpw- \¬-Im-≥ _m-≤y-ÿ-cm-bn-cn-°pw-4) s]mXphyhÿIƒ 2˛-mw JfinIbnse VII-mw D-]- J-fin-I-bpw- 5˛mw- J-fin-I-bpw- Cu- X-kv-Xn-I-bv-°v- _m-[-I-a-√.-Ipdn∏v:- (a) DtZymKm¿-∞nIƒ ]ªnIv k¿-∆o-kv IΩoj≥\SØp∂ ImbnI £aXm ]co£ Pbn®ncnt°≠XmWv.\mjW¬ ^nkn°¬ F^njy≥-kn sSÃnse h¨-Ãm¿\nehmcØnep≈ 8 (F´v) C\ßfn¬ GsX¶nepw 5 (A©v)FÆØn¬ tbmKyX t\Snbncn°Ww.kocnb¬ h -Ãm¿\º¿ C\ßƒ Ãm≥-tU¿-Uv)1 100 ao‰¿ Hm´w 14 sk°‚ v2 sslPw]v 132.20 sk.ao3 temwKv Pw]v 457.20 sk.ao4 tjm´v]p´v Fdnb¬ (7264 Kmw) 609.60 sk.ao5 In°‰v _mƒ Fdnb¬ 6096 sk.ao6 hSØn¬-°b‰w

(ssI D]tbmKn®v amXw) 365.80 sk.ao7 ]pƒ A]vkv As√¶n¬ Nn∂nwKv 8 ]mhniyw8 1500 ao‰¿ Hm´w 5 an\n´pw 44 sk°‚pw(b) F≥.kn.kn 'F' '_n' 'kn' kcvń^n°‰v t\Snbn´p≈tIU‰pam¿-°v bYmIaw 2%, 3%, 5% shbnt‰Pv am¿-°vkv- \¬-

Ip∂XmWv.

Im‰Kdn \º¿: 535/2013knhn¬ FIvsskkv Hmôk¿

FIvsskkv]m¿- v II (XkvXnIam‰w hgnbp≈ \nba\w)1 hIp∏v : FIvsskkv2 DtZymKt∏cv : knhn¬ FIvsskkv Hmôk¿3 iºfw : ` 10,480-˛-18,300/-

4 \nba\ coXn : X-kv-Xn-I-am-‰w- h-gn-bp-≈- \n-b-a-\w--3%- H-gn-hp-Iƒ- F-Iv-ssk-kv- h-Ip-∏n-se- em-Ãv- tK-Uv- k-¿-ho-kn-

ep-ƒ--s∏- - \n¿-±n-„- tbm-Ky-X-bp-≈- A-t]-£-I-cn¬- \n-∂pw- X-kv-Xn-I-am-‰w- h-gn-bp-≈- \n-b-a-\-Øn-\m-bn- kw-h-c-Ww- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p.- F-Iv-ssk-kv- h-Ip-∏n-se- tbm-Ky-X-bp-≈- em-Ãv- tK-Uv-k-¿-ho-kn-ep--≈- A-t]-£-I-cp-sS- A- m-h-Øn¬- C-Ø-c-Øn¬- kw-h-c-Ww- sN-ø-s∏-´- H-gn-hp-Iƒ- ]p-cp-j- D-tZ-ym-Km-¿-∞n-I-fn¬- \n-∂pw- t\-cn-´p-≈- \n-b-a-\w- h-gn- \n-I-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv.-5 -]m-b-w- -:- -bm-sXm-cp- Im-c-W-h-im-epw- D-b¿--∂-]m-b-]-cn-[n- 50 h-b- v- I-hn-bm-≥ ]m-Sp-≈-X-√.-6 tbmKyXIƒ :- 1) πkv Sp ]co£ ]m mbncn°WwAYhm XØp√yamb tbmKyX t\Snbncn°Ww.2) FIvsskkv Un∏mcv´vsa‚nse emÃv tKUv k¿-∆okn¬\n∂pw XkvXnIam‰w aptJ\bp≈ At]£I¿-°v Ipd™Dbcw 162 sk.ao‰¿ Bbncn°pw.3) Hu- v- tUm¿- tPm-en-Iƒ- k-Po-h-am-bn- sN-øm-\p-≈- Im-bn-I-ti-jn-bpw- im-co-cn-I- tbm-Ky-X-bpw- I-gn-hpw- D-s≠-∂p- Im-Wn-°p-∂-Xpw- A-kn-Ãv-‚ v- k¿--P--\n¬- Xm-sg-b-√m-Ø- dm-¶p-≈- H-cp- sa-Un-°¬- B-ô-k¿- km-£y-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xp-am-b- n-‰v-\-kv- k¿-ń-^n-°-‰v- Hm-tcm- D--tZym-Km-¿-∞n-bpw- B-h-iy-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ- lm-P-cm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.-Ipdn∏v:- (i) XkvXnI am‰w aptJ\ \nba\w e`n°p∂h¿AhcpsS XpS¿-®bmb aq∂ph¿-jsØ k¿-∆okn\nSbn¬Uyqńbnep≈ c≠ph¿-j°mew s]mt_j\nembncn°pw.\nba\w In´p∂h¿ dh\yq t_m¿-Uv \n›bn°p∂Xpt]mseaq∂pamkØn¬ IpdbmØ Imew ]cnioe\w Ignt°≠XmWv.]cnioe\Imew s]mt_j\pw C≥- Insa‚ n\pwIW°m°p∂XmWv.(ii) sSbn\nwKn\v Ab°s∏Sp∂h¿ sSbn\nwKv ]q¿-Ønbm°msa∂pw sSbn\nwKn\ptijw dh\yp t_m¿-Uv -(FIvsskkv) \n¿-t±in°p∂ coXnbnep≈ Ipd™ ImetØ°vKh¨-sa‚ns\ tkhn®p sIm≈msa∂p≈ Hcp t_m≠vlmPmcmt°≠XmWv. A√mØ]£w sSbn\nwKn\v sNehmbXpIbpw \„]cnlmchpw \evIm≥ _m≤yÿcmbncn°pw(iii) Cu hn⁄m]\Ønse \n_‘\Iƒ A\pkcn®p≈ F√mtbmKyXbpaps≠¶n¬ FIvsskkv hIp∏nse emÃv tKUvPoh\°m¿-°v XkvXnIam‰w hgnbp≈ \n-b-a-\-Øn-\v- A-t]-£n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.- X-kv-Xn-I-am-‰w- h-gn-bp-≈- \n-b-a-\-Øn-\v- A-t]-£n-°p-∂-h¿- Cu- hn-⁄m-]-\-Øn-s‚- Xm-sg- sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-^m-d-Øn¬- H-cp- k¿-∆o-kv- k¿- n- n-°-‰v- (Hm- o-kv- ta-[m-hn- km-£y-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv-)- B-h-iy-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ- lm-P-cm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv- .-FIvsskkv hIp∏n¬ FIvsskkv Km¿-Uv Bbn XkvXnIam‰whgnbp≈ \nba\Øn\v lmPcmt°≠ k¿∆okv k¿ń^n°‰v

k¿∆okv k¿ń^n°‰v1 At]£Is‚ t]cv :2 At]£Is‚ DZtymKt∏cv,

iºf \nc°v, Ct∏mgsØ iºfw :3 Un∏mcv´vsa‚ns‚ t]cv :4 FIvsskkv hIp∏n¬ emÃv

tKUv k¿-h‚mbn s]mt_j≥XpSßnb XobXn :

5 B k¿-∆o-knse s]mt_jWtdmA]qhvUv s]mt_jWtdm^pƒ saºtdm :

FIvsskkv hIp∏n¬ emÃv tKUv XkvXnIbn¬ Hcp ^pƒsaº¿ Bb io . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sb kw_‘n®v ta¬sImSpØncn°p∂ hnhcßƒ Sn DZtymKmcv∞n bpsS kczzo vkw_‘amb hnhcßfpambn HØpt\m°nbXn¬ BbhkXyamsW∂v F\n°v t_m[yambn´p≈Xmbn Rm≥km£ys∏SpØp∂p.ÿew : Hmôkv ta[mhnbpsS H∏pwt]cpw

DtZymKt∏cpwXobXn (apZ)

(iv) s]mXphyhÿIƒ c≠mw JfinIbnse 7-˛mw D]JfinIbpw 5-˛mw JfinIbpw Cu XkvXnIbv°v _m[Ia√.Ipdn∏v:- (a) DtZymKmcv∞nIƒ ]ªnIv kczzovkv IΩoj≥\SØp∂ ImbnI £aXm ]co£ Pbn®ncnt°≠XmWv.\mjW¬ nkn°¬ F^njy≥-knsSÃnse h¨-Ãm ¿\nehmcØnep≈ 8 (F´v) C\ßfn¬ GsX¶nepw 5 (A©v)FÆØn¬ tbmKyX t\Snbncn°Ww.

]pcpj DtZymKm¿-∞nIƒIa C\ßƒ h -Ãm¿\º¿ Ãm≥-tU¿-Uv1 100 ao‰¿ Hm´w 14 sk°‚ v2 sslPw]v 132.20 sk.ao3 temwKv Pw]v 457.20 sk.ao4 tjm´v]p´v Fdnb¬ (4 Kgs) 609.60 sk.ao5 In°‰v _mƒ Fdnb¬ 6096 sk.ao6 hSØn¬-°b‰w

(ssI D]tbmKn®v amXw) 365.80 sk.ao7 ]pƒ A]vkv As√¶n¬ Nn∂nwKv 8 ]mhniyw8 1500 ao‰¿ Hm´w 5 an\n´pw 44 sk°‚pw

kvXoIƒ-°vIa C\ßƒ h -Ãm¿\º¿ Ãm≥-tU¿-Uv1 100 ao‰¿ Hm´w 17 sk°‚ v2 sslPw]v 1.06 ao‰¿3 temwKv Pw]v 3.05 ao‰¿4 ]pńwKv Zn tjm´v iv(4 In.Kmw) 4.88 ao‰¿5 200 ao‰¿ Hm´w 36 sk°‚ v

6 tXmbnwKv Zn tXmt_mƒ 14 ao‰¿7 jń¬ tdkv (25 X 4) ao‰¿ 26 sk°‚ v8 kv°n∏nwKv (Hcp an\n´v) 80 ]mhiyw(b) F≥.kn.kn "F' "_n' "kn' k¿-ń^n°‰v t\Snbn´p≈tIU‰pam¿-°v- bYmIaw 2%, 3%, 5% shbnt‰Pv am¿-°v \¬-

Ip∂XmWv.

Im‰Kdn \º¿: 567/2013emÃv tKUv k¿-h‚vkv

hnhn[w1 hIp∏v : hnhn[w2. DtZymKt∏cv : emÃv tKUv k¿-h‚ vkv3. iºfw : ` 8,500-˛13,210/˛-4. HgnhpIfpsS FÆw : Pn√mSnÿm\Øn¬ (dnt∏m¿-´v sNøs∏Smhp∂ HgnhpIƒ)

Xncph\¥]pcw, sIm√w, ]Ø\wXn´, Be∏pg, tIm´bw,CSp°n, FdWmIpfw, Xr»q¿, ]me°mSv, ae∏pdw,

tImgnt°mSv, hb\mSv, IÆq¿, ImkdtKmUvIpdn∏v :- (iii) \n-b-a-\m-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ- F-gp-Xn- A-dn-bn-°p-∂- B-ÿm-\- H-gn-hp-Iƒ- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw- Pn-√- Xp-S-ßn- Im-k-d-tKm-Uv-h-sc-bp-≈- Pn-√-I-fn-te-bv-°v- I-a-am-bn- I-Ωo-j-s‚- sl-Uv- Hm-ô-kn¬- \n-∂pw- A-tem- v- sN-bv-Xv- sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xpw- ]-kv-Xp-X- Pn-√-I-fn-te-bv-°p-≈- dm-¶v- en-Ãn¬- Dƒ-s∏-´- G-sXm-cp- D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-bpw- A-]-Im-c-ap-≈- H-gn-hp-I-fn-te-bv-°pw- \n-b-an-°-s∏-Sm-hp-∂-Xp-am-Wv.- A-]-Im-cw- \n-b-an-X-cm-Ip-∂-h¿-°v- A-¥¿- h-Ip-∏v- ÿ-ew- am-‰w- kw-_-‘n-®v- 28.-09.-13 se- G.O (P) No 27/2013/D.].h mw \º¿ k¿-°m¿- DØchnse ]pXp°nb am\ZfißƒCh¿-°v _m[IamIp∂XmWv.(v) 3.1.13 se G.O (P) No. 1/13/SJD ]Imcw 3% HgnhpIƒ(IΩojs‚ A\ptbmPyX \n¿-ÆbØn\v hnt[bambn)hnIemwK¿-°mbn kwhcWw sNbvXn´p≠v.5. \nba\ coXn : t\cn´p≈ \nba\w.6. ]mbw- : 18˛-36. D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-Iƒ- 02.-01. -1977\pw- 01.-01.-1995\pw- C-S-bn¬- P-\n-®-h-cm-bn-cn-°-Ww.- (c-≠p- Xo-b-Xn-I-fpw- Dƒ-s∏-sS-).- a-‰p- ]n-t∂m-°- hn- m-K-Øn-ev-s∏- -h¿-°pw,-]-ń-I-Pm-Xn-/-]-ń-I-h¿-§- hn-`m-K-Øn-ep-≈-h¿-°pw- \n-b-am-\p-kr-X- C-f-hp-≠m-bn-cn-°pw.-(^manen πm\nwKv thmf‚dn h¿-t°gvkn\v Db¿-∂ ]mb]cn[n45 (\mev∏nØnb©v) Bbncn°pw.Ipdn∏v :- bmsXmcpImcWhimepw Db¿-∂ ]mb]cn[n 50 (A≥-]Xv) hb v Ihnbm≥ ]mSn√ F∂ hyhÿbv°v hnt[bambnDb¿-∂ ]mb]cn[nbn¬ A\phZn®n´p≈ ]tXyIB\pIqeyßƒ-°v Cu hn⁄m]\Øns‚ ]m¿- v II se s]mXphyhÿIƒ (JfinI 2) t\m°pI. ]m¿- v ssSw I≠nP≥-knPoh\°m¿-°v AhcpsS ]m¿-´v ssSw k¿-hokns‚ ssZ¿-LytØmfw ]mb]cn[nbn¬ Cfhv A\phZn°p∂XmWv.F∂m¬ s]≥-j≥ ]mbw Ign™h¿-°v Cu B\pIqeywe`n°p∂X√.7. tbmKyXIƒ :-aebmfØntem Xangntem I∂Sbntem FgpXphm\pwhmbn°phm\pap≈ Ignhp≠mbncn°WwIpdn∏v (i) em-Ãv- tK-Uv- X-kv-Xn-I-bn-te-bv-°p-≈- hm-®¿,- hm-®v-am-≥,- ss\-‰v- hm-®v-am-≥,- sd-Kp-e¿- am-¿--°-¿- (ar-K-kw-c-£-W- h-Ip-∏v-),-em-kv-°¿- tK-Uv- II-/-tK-‰v- Io-∏¿- tK-Uv- II- -(A-®-Sn- h-Ip-∏v-)- F-∂o-Dt-Z-ym-K-ßƒ--°v- hn-I-emw-K-cpw- kv-Xo-I-fpw- A-¿-lc-√-(ii)Xmsg ]dbp∂ DtZymKßƒ-°v kvXoIƒ A¿-lc√.1) hm®vam≥ (F√m hn`mKßfnepap≈Xv), hm®¿, Nu°nZm¿.2) ¢o\¿ Iw I≠Œ¿.3) ¢o-\¿- (t_m- v- ¢o-\¿,- Sm-Œ¿- ¢o-\¿,- hm-≥ ¢o-\¿,- Bw-_p-e-\v-kvv- ¢o-\¿,- tem-dn- ¢o-\¿-)-4) nj¿-amm≥.5) ^nj¿-am≥- Iw - hm®vam≥.6) t_m´vam≥.7) emkv°¿.8) _pƒ A‰≥-U‚ v.9) _pƒ Io∏¿.10) emkv°¿ Gr II/tK‰v Io∏¿ tKUv II (A®Sn hIp∏v)(iii) Cu hn⁄m]\]Imcw emÃv tKUv k¿-ho nse F√mDtZymKßƒ-°pambn s]mXphmb dm¶v enÃv Xømdm°p∂XmWv.DtZymKm¿-∞nIƒ Hmôkv A‰‚‚ v XpSßnb XkvXnIIfpsSt]cv FgpXmsX emÃv tKUv k¿-h‚ vkv F∂p amXw ImWn®vHcp At]£ ka¿-∏n ®m¬ aXnbmIp∂XmWv.(iv) hm®v hpa¨ XkvXnIbntebv°v kvXoIsf amXsa]cnKWn°pIbp≈p.(v) lnµp aXhnizmknIsf amXsa lnµp dneoPnbkv &Nmcn‰_nƒ F≥-tUmhvsa‚ v Un∏m¿ -´ vsa‚ ntebv°v\nban°pIbp≈p.(vi)tIcf ap≥-kn∏¬ tIma¨ k¿-hoknse LGS XkvXnIbpsSHgnhpIƒ Cu hn⁄m]\]Imcw Hmtcm Pn√bntebv°pwXømdm°p∂ dm¶p]ńIbn¬ Dƒ-s∏Sp∂ DtZymKm¿-∞nIfn¬\n∂pw kΩX]Xw hmßmsX Xs∂ \nIØp∂XmWv.Ipdn∏v: s]mXphyhÿ-I-fn¬- 2 ˛mw- J-fin-I-bn¬- ]-d-bp-∂-h-tbm- a-t‰-sX-¶n-epw- Im-c-W-ß-fm¬- D-b-cv-∂m- ]m-b-]-cn-[n-bn¬- C-f-hv- A-h-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂-h-tcm- B-b- D-Z-tym-Km-cv-∞-sn-Iƒ- B- hn-h-cw- A-t]-£-bp-sS \n-›n-X-tIm-f-Øn¬- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-t°-Xm-Wv.- A-√m-Ø-]-£w- ]m-b-]-cn-[n- I-gn-™p- F-∂- Im-c-W-Øm¬- A-t]-£- \n-c-kn-°-s∏-Sm-≥ C-S-bp-≈-Xm-Wv.-

sXm-gn-ehkcßƒ- ˛ ]p-\x-]kn-≤o-IcWw- Akm[mcW Kk‰v XobXn: 31 -12 -2013Ahkm\ XobXn: 05˛02˛2014 cm-Xn- 12 aWn hsc

] X o £ n XHgnhpIƒ

8 ]nFkvkn _p≈¡n≥ 2014 P\p-hcn- 15

B¿ kn kptcjvIpam¿

1500 tNm-tZym-Ø-c-ßƒ-LGS ]co-£Ifn¬-

Bh¿-Øn-°p-∂h Dƒ-s∏sS

tIcf ]nFkvkn \SØp∂ ]co£Ifn¬ G‰hpw ]m[m\yap≈ taJeIfnsem∂mb tIcfsØBkv]Zam°nbp≈ 500 tNmZyßfmWv Cu e°Ønse ][m\ hnjbw. s]mXphn⁄m\Øn¬

i‡amb ASnØdbp≠m°m≥ klmbIamb CtXmsSm∏w ]e tNmZyw Hcp DØcwF∂ io¿jIØnse 500 hkvXpXIfpw Cu e°Øn¬ ]Tn°mw.

AÆmZpssc1. AÆm F∂ A]c\maØn¬ Adnb-

s∏-´- t\-Xm-hv-2.- -Zm-hn-U- ap-t∂-‰- I-g-I-Øn-s‚- ÿm-]-

I-≥3.- -C-¥y-bn¬- B-cp-sS- i-h-kw-kv-Im-c-®-S-

ßn-em-Wv- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬-t]¿- ]-s¶-Sp-Ø-Xv-

4.- -1967˛¬- a-Zm-kv- ap-Jy-a-¥n-bm-b-Xm-cv-5.- -sN-ss∂- a-do-\m- _o-®n¬- Fw-Pn-B-dn-

t‚-Xp-Iq-Sm-sX- G-Xv- ap-≥ X-an-gv-\m-Sv- ap-Jy-a-¥n-bp-sS- i-h-Ip-So-c-am-Wp-≈Xv

BKam\µ kzmanIƒ6. Im-e-Sn- A-ssZz-Xm-i-a-Øn-s‚- ÿm-]-

I-≥7.- -]q¿-hm-i-a-Øn¬- Ir-jv-W-≥ \-ºym-Xn-

cn- F-∂p-t]-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂- B-flo-bm-Nm-cy-≥

8.- -Im-e-Sn-bn¬- io-i-¶-c- tIm-tf-Pv- ÿm-]n-®-Xm-cv-

9.- -k-\m-X-\- [¿-a- hn-Zym¿-Yn- kw-L-Øn-s‚- ÿm-]-I-≥

10.- -]-_p-≤-tI-c-fw- F-∂- ]-kn-≤o-I-c-Ww-B-cw-`n-®Xv

B\n akvIo≥11. XncphnXmwIqdnse Qm≥kndmWn

F∂dnbs∏Sp∂Xv12. Xncp˛sIm®n NcnXØnse GI

h\nXm a¥n13. a¥nÿm\w hln® BZy aebmfn

h\nX14. tIcfØn¬\n∂p≈ BZy h\nX

temIvk`mwKw

`h`qXn15. I\ymIp_vPØnse btimh¿as‚

Bÿm\ kZky≥

16. ameXoam[hw cNn®Xmcv17. DØccma-N-cn-X-Øn-s‚- I¿-Øm-hv-18.- -io-cm-a-]-´m-`n-tj-Iw- h-sc-bp-≈- cm-a-N-

cn-Xw- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-ń-´p-≈- a-lm-ho-c-N-cn-Xw- F-gpXnbXmcv

kp_aWy`mcXn19. Xan-gv-\m-ń-se- tZ-io-b-I-hn-20.- -Hm-Sn-hn-f-bm-Sp-]m-∏- F-∂- ]-i-kv-X-am-b-

tZ-i-`-‡n-Km-\-Øn-s‚- I¿-Øm-hv-21.- -h-tµ-am-X-cw- X-an-gn-te-°v- ]-cn-`m-j-s∏-

Sp-Øn-b-Xm-cv-22.- -B-\-bp-sS- N-hn-t -‰v- ]-cn-°p-I-sf-Øp-S¿-

∂v- a-c-W-a-S-™- X-an-gv- Ihn

`qa[ytcJ23. ]qPyw- Un-Kn- A-£mw-iw- G-Xp- t]-cn¬-

A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p-24.- - u-tam-]-cn-X-e-Øn¬- h-kv-Xp-°ƒ-°v- G-

‰-hpw- Ip-d-™- `m-cw- A-\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- G-Xv- ù-a-im-kv-X-tc-J-bn-em-Wv-

25.- -G-Xv- `q-ta-J-e-bn-em-Wv- tUmƒ-Uw-kv-D-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv-

26.- -G-Xv- u-a-im-kv-X-tc-J-bn-em-Wv- G-‰-hpw-Ip-d-hv- Kp-cp-Xzm-I¿-j-W-_-ew- A-\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-

27.- -D-Ø-cm¿-[-tKm-f-sa-∂pw- Z-£n-Wm¿-[-tKm-f-sa-∂pw- `q-an-sb- hn- -Pn-°p-∂- tc-J-

28.- -G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- tK-‰v - k¿-°nƒ- G-Xm-Wv-

29.- -cm-Xn-bp-sS-bpw- ]-I-en-s‚-bpw- \o-fw- Xp-ey-am-Ip-∂-Xv- kq-cy-≥ G-Xv- tc-J-bv-°v-ap-I-fn¬- h-cp-tºm-gm-Wv-

30.- -G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- A-£-mwitcJ

sImssU°\m¬31. C¥y-bn¬- tkm-fm¿- H-_v-k¿-th-‰-dn-

ÿm-]n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-32.- -]n-≥k-kv- Hm-^v- ln¬-tÃ-j-≥kv- F-

∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-

33.- -sX-t°- C-¥y-bn¬- A-ta-cn-°-°m¿-ÿm-]n-®- kp-J-hm-k-tI-µw-

34.- -]-f-\n- ln¬-kn¬- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂- kp-J-hm-k-tI-µw-

35.- -tUmƒ-^n-≥kv- t\m-kv- F-∂- ]m-d- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂- ln¬- tÃ-j-≥

Ãmen≥36. sF-Iy-cm-jv-S-k- - cq-]-h-Xv-I-c-W-Øn-s‚-

N¿-®-bn¬- ]-s¶-Sp-Ø- tkm-hn-b-‰v- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-

37.- -sF-Iy-cm-jv-S-k-`- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂- k-a-b-sØ- tkm-hn-b-‰v- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-

38.- -c-≠mw- tem-I-a-lm-bp-≤w- \-S-°p-tºmƒ-tkm-hn-b-‰v- bq-Wn-b-≥ `-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xm-cv-

39.- -se-\n-s‚- ]n-≥Km-an-bm-bn- tkm-hn-b-‰v- bq-Wn-b-\n¬- A-[n-Im-c-Øn¬- h-∂-Xm-cv-

40.- -]p-tcm-K-Xn-°m-bn- ]-©-h-’-c- ]-≤-Xn-

Iƒ- B-hn-jv-I-cn-®- B-Zy-sØ- cm-Pyw-tkm-hn-b-‰v- bq-Wn-b-\m-W.v- B-cm-Wv- A-Xn-s‚- D]⁄mXmhv?

41. Ioseb Besarionis dze Jugashvili GXvt]-cn-em-Wv- tem-I-N-cn-X-Øn¬- ]-kn-≤≥?

Sqdnkw42. tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-Xv- h-Ip-∏n-s‚- ]-c-ky-

hm-Iy-am-Wv- ssZ-h-Øn-s‚- kz-¥w- \m-Sv-43.- -\n-im-K-‘n- ]p-c-kv-Im-cw- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-

bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv- G-Xv- h-Ip-∏m-Wv-44.- -G-Xv- h-Ip-∏m-Wv- Km-≥Uv- tI-c-f- tjm-

∏nw-Kv- s^-Ãn-h-en-s‚- kw-L-mSI¿

Im¿_¨45. `qanbn¬ Poh\Snÿm\amb aqeIw46. F¥ns‚ hIt`ZamWv Nm¿t°mƒ47. F√m Hm¿Km\nIv kwbp‡ßfnepw

ASßnbn´p≈ aqeIw48. Kmss^‰v F¥ns‚ hIt`ZamWv49. AWpkwJy Bdv Bb aqeIw50. hPw GXns‚ G‰hpw ip≤amb

cq]amWv

A^vKm\nÿm≥51. GXv- cm-Py-Øn-s‚- X-e-ÿm-\-am-Wv- Im-

_qƒ-

52.- -]m-No-\- Im-e-sØ- _m-Iv-Sn-b- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-bn-cp-∂p-?-

53.- -Cw-•o-jv- A-£-c-am-em- I-a-Øn¬- B-Zy- cm-Pyw-

54.- -Up-dm-‚ v- sse-≥ _n-ó-jv- C-¥y-sb- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øn¬-\n-∂m-Wv- th¿-Xn-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv-?-

55.- -]m-No-\-C-¥y-bp-sS- `m-K-am-bn-cp-∂- Km-‘m-cw- C-t∏mƒ- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-Wv-?-

56.- -km¿-°n-se- F-´m-a-sØ- Aw-Kw-57.- -Im-‘-lm¿- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-Wv-?-58.- -_m-_-dp-sS- i-h-Ip-So-cw- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-

Wv-?-59.- -G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-Wv- bp.Fkv.˛_nójv

tk\Iƒ Operation EnduringFreedom \S∏m-°n-b-Xv-

60.- -G-Xp- cm-Py-sØ- `m-j-b-I-fm-Wv- Zm-cn,-]m-jv-tXm- F-∂n-h-?-

61.- -G-Xv- cm-Py-Øn-s‚- tZ-io-b-Km-\-am-Wv- an-√n- X-cm-\-?-

B^n°62. sFIy-cm-jv-S-k- -bn¬- Aw-K-Xz-ap-≈- cm-

Py-ßƒ- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈- `q-J-Wv-Uw-

63.- -G-Xv- h-≥I-c-bn-em-Wv- lp-Xp,- Sp-Sv-kn- P-\-hn-`m-Kw- A-[n-h-kn-°p-∂-Xv-

64.- -Sm-≥kv-hmƒ- bp-≤-Øn-\p- (H-∂mw- t_m-b¿- bp-≤w-)- th-Zn-bm-b- `q-J-Wv-Uw-

65.- -In-fn-a-Rv-Pm-tcm- ]¿-h-Xw- ÿn-Xn- sN-

øp-∂- `q-J-Wv-Uw-66.- -ss\¬- \-Zn- H-gp-Ip-∂- h-≥I-c-67.- -G-Xv- q-J-Wv-U-Øn-se- m-j-bm-Wv- kzm-

ln-en-68.- -s_¿-s_¿- P-\-X- A-[n-h-kn-°p-∂- h-

≥I-c-69.- -lp-Sp,- Sp-Sv-kn- P-\-X- A-[n-h-kn-°p-∂-

h-≥I-c-70.- -H-´-I-∏-£n-bp-sS- P-∑-tZ-iw-71.- -H-fn-ºn-Iv-kn-\v- C-Xp-h-sc- th-Zn-bm-Im-Ø-

`q-J-Wv-U-w

AIv_¿72. GXv- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-bp-sS- k-Z- n-

em-Wv- Xm-≥sk-≥ Po-hn-®n-cp-∂-Xv-

1500 tNm-tZym-Ø-c-ßƒ-

2014 P\p-hcn- 15 ]nFkvkn _p≈¡n≥ 9

73.- -G-Xv- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-bp-sS- Im-e-Øm-Wv- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im¿- C-¥y-bn-te-°v-]p-I-bn-e- sIm-≠p-h-∂-Xv-

74.- -kz-¥w- i-h-Ip-So-cw- cq-]-I-ev-]-\- sN-bv-X- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-

75.- -hn-[-h- kz-ta-[-bm- B-K-ln-°m-Ø-]-£w- k-Xn- A-\p-jv-Tm-\w- \-S-Øp-∂-Xv-hn-e-°n-b- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-

76.- -k-_v-Zn- F-∂- q-\n-Ip-Xn- k-º-Zm-bw- \-S-∏m-°n-b- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-

77.- -1583˛¬- C-em-ln- I-e-≠¿- B-cw-`n-®- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-

78.- -1579˛¬- A-]-am-Zn-Xz- ]-Jym-]-\w- \-S-Øn-b- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-

79.- -B-cp-sS- hn-iz-kv-X- kp-lr-Øpw- k-Z-ky-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p- _o¿-_¬-

80.- -B-cp-sS- [-\-a-¥n-bm-bn-cp-∂p- cm-Pm- tXm-U¿-a¬-

81.- -G-Xv- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-bm-Wv- U-°m-¨- Io-g-S-°p-∂-Xn¬- B-Zyw- i-≤- sN-ep-Øn-b-Xv?

Ael_mZv82. -D-Ø¿- ]-tZ-iv- ssl-t°m-S-Xn-bp-sS- B-

ÿm-\w-83.- -\m-j-W¬- A-°m-Z-an- Hm-^v- k-b-≥k-

kv- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-84.- -A-√m-lp-hn-s‚- \-K-cw- F-∂¿-Yw-h-cp-∂-

t]-cv- A-Iv-_¿- N-I-h¿-Øn- \¬-In-b- \-K-cw-

85.- -A-an-Xm-`v- _-®-≥ kv-t]m¿-Sv-kv- tImw-π-Iv-kv- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-?-

86.- -1910˛¬- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- \yq-an-kv-am-‰n-Iv-skm-ssk-‰n- Hm-^v- C-¥y- ÿm-]n-®-Xv-

87.- -C-¥y-bn-se- ssl-t°m-S-Xn-I-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- P-\-ßƒ- A-[n-Im-c-]-cn-[n-bn¬- h-cp-∂- ssl-t°m-S-Xn-

88.- -C-¥y-≥ Ãm-≥tU¿-Uv- k-a-bw- I-W-°m-°p-∂- 82.-5 Un-Kn- tc-Jmw-iw- I-S-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂- \-K-cw-

89.- -t\m¿-Øv- sk-≥S¬- sd-bn¬-th-bp-sS-B-ÿm-\w-

90.- -C-µn-cm-Km-‘n- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏v- N-´-ßƒ-ew-Ln-®p- F-∂v- hn-[n-®- (1975)- tIm-S-Xn-G-Xv-

91.- -P-hm-l¿-em¬- s\-lp- 1923˛¬- sN-b¿-am-\m-b- ap-\n-kn-∏m-en-‰n-

A-em-hp-±o-≥ Jn¬-Pn-92.- -ÿn-cw- ssk-\yw- B-hn-jv-I-cn-®- B-Zy-

sU¬-ln- kp¬-Øm-≥93.- -1305˛¬- amƒ-h- Io-g-S-°n-b- sU¬-ln-

kp¬-Øm-≥94.- -am-en-Iv- Im-^¿- B-cp-sS- hn-iz-kv-X- tk-

\m-\m-b-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p-95.- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬-Im-ew- `-cn-®- Jn¬-Pn-

`-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-96.- -Pp-\m- Jm-≥ Jn¬-Pn- G-Xp- t]-cn-em-Wv-

C-¥ym-N-cn-X-Øn¬- ]-i-kv-X-≥97.- -N-tµ-e-≥am-cp-sS- cm-Pyw- sU¬-ln- kp¬-

Øm-t\-‰n-t\m-Sv- tN¿-Ø-Xm-cv-98.- -Ip-‰-a-‰- co-Xn-bn¬- `q-\n-Ip-Xn- hy-h-ÿ-

B-hn-jv-I-cn-®- B-Zy- sU¬-ln- kp¬-Øm-≥

99.- -P-em-ep-±o-≥ Jn¬-Pn-bp-sS- ]n-≥Km-an-100.- -am-en-Iv- ap-l-Ω-Zv- P-bv-kn-bp-sS- ]-Zv-am-h-

Xv- F-∂- Ir-Xn-bn¬- hn-h-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-sU¬-ln- kp¬-Øm-≥

101.- -sX-t°- C-¥y- B-I-an-®- B-Zy-sØ-sU¬-ln- kp¬-Øm≥

B mw102.\mwcq-]v,- N-µ-∏q¿- sX¿-a¬- ]-≤-Xn-Iƒ-

ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂- kw-ÿm-\w-103.- -\-ta-cn- tZ-io-tbm-Zym-\w- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-

∂- kw-ÿm-\w-104.- -_n-lp- ]-[m-\- D¬-k-h-am-b- kw-ÿm-

\w-105.- -]m-No-\-Im-e-Øv- Im-a-cq-]w- F-∂-dn-b-

s∏-ń-cp-∂- kw-ÿm-\w-106.- -am-\-kv- _-tbm-kv-^n-b¿- dn-k¿-hv- ÿn-

Xn- sN-øp-∂- kw-ÿm-\w-107.- -A-tlmw- cm-P-hw-iw- `-c-Ww- \-S-Øn-bn-

cp-∂- ]-tZ-iw-108.- -bm-¥-t_m- D-S-º-Sn-bn-eq-sS- (1826)- _n-

ó-jv- C-¥y-bp-sS- `m-K-am-b- ]-tZ-iw-109.- -C-¥y-bn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- tX-bn-e-

D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂- kw-ÿm-\w-110.- -G-Xv- kw-ÿm-\-Øn-eq-sS-bm-Wv- _-“-]p-

X- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬-Zq-cw- H-gp-Ip-∂-Xv-111.- -H-‰-s°m-º-≥ Im-≠m-ar-K-Øn-\p- ]-kn-

≤-am-b- Im-kn-cw-K- tZ-io-tbm-Zym-\w-ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂- kw-ÿm-\w-

AXvem‚nIv kapZw112. \yq-tbm¿-°v- G-Xv- k-ap-Z-Øn-s‚- Xo-c-

Øm-Wv-113.- -]-\m-a- I-\m¬- ]-k-^n-Iv- k-ap-Z-sØ-

G-Xv- k-ap-Z-hp-am-bn- _-‘n-∏n-°p-∂p-114.- -sl-dnw-Kv- t]m-≠v- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- k-

ap-Zw-115.- -t^m-Iv-em-≥Uv- Zzo-]p-Iƒ- G-Xv- k-ap-Z-

Øn-em-Wv-116.- -tem-I-Øn-se- ]-ap-J- hn-I-kn-X- cm-Py-

ßƒ- G-Xv- k-ap-Z-Øn-s‚- Xo-c-Øm-Wv-117.- -tem-I-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- \o-f-ap-≈- ]¿-h-

X-\n-c-bm-b- A-Xv-em-‚n-Iv- dn-Uv-Pv- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-

118.- -Ko-\n-®v- tc-J-bpw- `q-a-[y-tc-J-bpw- kw-K-an-°p-∂- t]m-bn-‚ v- G-Xv- k-ap-Z-Øn-em-Wv-

119.- -B-^n-°,- A-ta-cn-°- h-≥I-c-Iƒ-°n-S-bn¬- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂- k-ap-Zw-

120.- -B-a-tkm-¨- \-Zn- ]-Xn-°p-∂- k-ap-Zw-121.- -Cw-•o-jv- A-£-c-am-e-bn-se- F-kv- B-

Ir-Xn-bn¬- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂ kapZw

HudwKko_v122.ap-Kƒ- cm-P-k-Z- n¬- kw-Ko-X-hpw- \r-Ø-

hpw- \n-tcm-[n-®- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-123.- -G-Xv- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-bp-sS- A-¥y-

hn-i-a-ÿm-\-am-Wv- Hu-dw-K-_m-Zn¬-ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂-Xv-

124.- -G-‰-hpw- \n-jv-Tp-c-\m-b- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´-Xv-

125.- -U¬-ln-bn¬- tam-ń- a-kv-Pn-Zv- \n¿-an-®-Xv-126.- -km-am-Py-hn-kv-Xr-Xn- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-ep-

≠m-bn-cp-∂- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-127.- -in-h-Pn-bp-sS- `-c-W-Im-e-Øv- ap-Kƒ- N-

I-h¿-Øn-bm-bn-cp-∂-Xv-128.- -tKm¬-s°m-≠-sb- ap-Kƒ- km-am-Py-

tØm-Sp- tN¿-Ø-Xv-129.- -]n-Xm-hv- a-c-W-sØ-Øp-S¿-∂-√m-sX- knw-

lm-k-\-ÿ-\m-b- G-I- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-

130.- -1658˛-se- [¿-a-Sv- bp-≤-Øn-epw- k-ap-K-Vv-bp-≤-Øn-epw- Zm-c-sb- tXm¬]n®Xmcv

131. ]nXmhns\ XShnem°n A[nImcw]nSns®SpØ apKƒ NIh¿Øn(1658)

am¿°v Szbn≥132.kmaph¬- e-Mv-tlm-¨- ¢-a-≥kv- G-Xp-

t]-cn-em-Wv- ]-kn-≤-\m-b-Xv-133.- -G-‰-hpw- a-lm-\m-b- A-ta-cn-°-≥ lyp-a-

dn-Ãm-bn- ]-cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂- km-ln-Xy-Im-c-≥

134.- -Z- A-Uz-t©-gv-kv- Hm-^v- tSmw- kzm-b¿-B-cp-sS- c-N-\-bm-Wv-

135.- -B-cm-Wv- Z- A-Uz-t©-gv-kv- Hm- v- l-°nƒ-s_-dn- ^n-≥ c-Nn-®-Xv-

136.- -A-ta-cn-°-≥ km-ln-Xy-Øn-s‚- ]n-Xm-hv-F-∂v- hn-eyw- t^m-Iv-\¿- hn-ti-jn-∏n-®-Xm-sc-bm-Wv-

137.- -Thomas Jefferson Snodgrass F-∂- Xq-en-Im-\m-a-Øn¬- km-ln-Xy-c-N-\- \-S-Øn-b-Xm-cm-Wv-

138.- -Rm-≥ 1835˛¬- lm-en-tbm-sSm-∏w- h-∂p,-A-Sp-Ø-h¿-jw- A-Xv- h-cp-tºmƒ- Rm-≥ H-∏w- t]m-Ipw.- A-√m-Ø-]-£w- F-s‚- Po-hn-X-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- \n-cm-i- A-Xm-bn-cn-°pw-˛- F-∂v- ]kv-Xm-hn-® km-ln-Xy-Imc\mcv

t^ymZ¿ ZkvXtbhvkvIn

139.Ip‰-hpw- in-£-bpw- F-∂- t\m-h¬- c-Nn-®-Xv-

140.- -sk-‚ v- ]o-t‰-gv-kv-_¿-Kn-se- hn-π-h-k-Jy-Øn¬- tN¿-∂-Xn-\p- a-c-W-in-£- hn-[n-°-s∏-s´-¶n-epw- A-h-km-\-\n-an-jw- in-£-bn¬- C-f-hv- e-`n-®v- ssk-_o-cn-b-bn-te-°v- \m-Sp-I-S-Ø-s∏-´- d-jy-≥ km-ln-Xy-Im-c-≥

141.- -Z- _-tZ-gv-kv- Im-c-a-tkm-hv- F-∂- Ir-Xn-B-cm-sW-gp-Xn-b-Xv-

142.- -s]-cp-º-S-hw- io-[-c-≥ c-Nn-®- H-cp- k-¶o¿-Ø-\w-t]m-se- F-∂- t\m-h-en¬- I-Ym-]m-X-am-b- d-jy-≥ t\m-h-en-Ãv-

143.- -C-Un-b-‰v- F-∂- I-rXn cNn®Xmcv

HmkvtSenb144.G‰hpw ]c∂ h≥Ic145.At°jy tZiob hr£amb cmPyw146.XpS¿®bmbn aq∂p ]mhiyw

temII∏v In°‰n¬ tPXm°fmbcmPyw

147.Bjkv In°‰v ]cºcbn¬

Cw•≠nt\mSv G‰pap´p∂ cmPyw148.temIØmZyambn _me‰v t]∏¿

D]tbmKn® cmPyw149.G‰hpw- hn-kv-Xo¿-Ww- Ip-d-™- h-≥I-c-150.- -A-·n-]¿-h-X-ß-fn-√m-Ø- h-≥I-c-151.- -k-©n-ar-K-ßƒ- s]m-Xp-th- G-Xv- h-≥I-

c-bn-em-Wv- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-152.- -ap-´-bn-Sp-∂- k-kv-X-\-ß-sf- km-[m-c-W-

am-bn- Im-Wp-∂- h-≥I-c-153.- -Pq-en-b- Kn-em¿-Uv- G-Xv- cm-Py-sØ- ]-

Y-a- h-\n-Xm- ]-[m-\-a-¥n-b-mWv

_w•mtZiv154.]pgIfp-sS-bpw- ssI-h-gn-I-fp-sS-bpw- \m-

Sv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-155.- -C-¥y- ]n-∂n- v- Kw-K- ]-th-in-°p-∂-Xv- G-

Xv- cm-Py-Øm-Wv-156.- -C-¥y-bp-am-bn- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Zq-cw-

A-Xn¿-Øn- ]-¶n-Sp-∂- cm-Pyw-157.- -C-¥y-bp-sS- k-lm-b-tØm-sS- 1971˛¬- kz-

X-¥-am-b- cm-Pyw-158.- -C-¥y-sb-°q-Sm-sX- c-_o-µ-\m-Yv- Sm-

tKm¿- tZ-io-b-Km-\w- c-Nn-®- cm-Pyw-159.- -C-¥y-sb-°q-Sm-sX,- tdm-b¬- _w-Kmƒ-

ssS-K¿- tZ-io-b-ar-K-am-b- cm-Pyw-160.- -G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-Wv- 1946˛¬- Km-‘n-Pn- k-

am-[m-\-Zu-Xy-Øn-\p-t]m-b- \-h-Jm-en-161.- -G-Xv- cm-Py-Øn-\m-Wv- am-\p-jn-I- ]-cn-K-

W-\-bp-sS- t]-cn¬- C-¥y- Xo-≥ _n-K-tIm-dn-tUm¿- hn-´p-sIm-Sp-Ø-Xv-

162.- -G-Xv- cm-Py-Øn-s‚- cm-jv-S-]n-Xm-hm-Wv-ap-Po-_v- d-“m-≥?-

163.- -G-Xv- cm-Py-Øn-s‚- kzm-X-¥y-Øn-\m-bn-]-h¿-Øn-®- kw-L-S-\-bm-Wv- ap-‡n-_m-ln-\n.-

164.- -G-Xv- cm-Py-Øp-h-®m-Wv- k-®n-≥ sS-≥Up¬-°¿- \q-dm-a-sØ- sk-©z-dn- Xn-I-®-Xv-

165.- -G-Xv- cm-Py-am-Wv- C-µn-cm-Km-‘n-°v- a-c-Wm-\-¥-c- _-lp-a-Xn-bm-bn- kzm-[o-\-Xm-k-Ω-t\m-\- ]p-c-kv-Im-cw- \¬-In-b-Xv.-

166.- -G-Xv- cm-Py-sØ- ]m¿-e-sa-‚m-Wv- Pm-Xn-b- k-Mv-k-Zv-

167.- -km¿-°n-s‚- B-Zy- D-®-tIm-Sn-°v- th-Zn-bm-b- cm-Pyw-

168.- -km¿-°n-s‚- B-Zy- sk-I-´-dn- P-\-d-em-bn-cp-∂- A-_v-Zpƒ- A-lv-k-≥ G-Xv- cm-Py-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p-

169.- -Nn-‰-tKmw-Kv- Xp-d-ap-Jw- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-Wv-

170.- -sh-≈-s∏m-°-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬-t]¿- a-c-W-a-S-bp-∂- cm-Pyw-

171.- -ssa-Xn- F-Iv-kv-]-kv- C-¥y-sb- G-Xp-cm-Py-hp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-

172.- -ssa-tIm- n-\m-≥kn-s‚- ]n-Xm-sh-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\- tP-Xm-

hm-b- (2006)-ap-l-Ω-Zv- bq-\p-kv- G-Xv- cm-Py-°m-c-\m-Wv-

173.- -tem-I-tØ-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- N-Ww- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂- cm-Pyw-

174.- -Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏v- \-S-Øp-∂-Xn-\m-bn- cq-]-h-Xv-I-cn-°p-∂- Im-h¬- k¿-°m¿- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏v- \-S-Øm-≥ hy-h-ÿ-bp-≈- cm-Pyw-

175.- -Z-£n-tW-jy-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- ]m-bw- Ip-d-™- cm-Pyw-

176.- -Z-£n-tW-jy-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- P-\-km-µ-X- Iq-Sn-b cmPyw

10 ]nFkvkn _p≈¡n≥ 2014 P\p-hcn- 15

s_¬Pnbw177.\mt‰m-bp-sS- B-ÿm-\w- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-

Wv-178.- -^v-sf-an-jv- ]-tZ-iw- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-Wv-179.- -A-t‰m-an-bw- F-∂- kv-am-c-Iw- G-Xv- cm-

Py-Øm-Wv-180.- -bq-tdm-∏n-s‚- ]-S-°-fw- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-

∂- cm-Pyw-181.- -bq-tdm-∏n-s‚- ]-Wn-∏p-c- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-

∂- cm-Pyw-182.- -bq-tdm-∏n-s‚- tIm-°v-]n-‰v- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-

Sp-∂- cm-Pyw-183.- -B-Un-hv- G-Xp- cm-Py-Øn-s‚- c-l-kym-

t\z-j-W- hn-`m-K-am-Wv-184.- -dp-hm-≠- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øn-s‚- tIm-f-\n-

bm-bn-cp-∂p-185.- -G-Xp- cm-Py-Øn-s‚- hn-am-\-k¿-ho-km-

Wv- k-_o-\-186.- -G-Xv- cm-Py-sØ- h-S-°-≥ ]-tZ-i-am-Wv-

^v-fm-≥tU-gv-kv-187.- -hm-´¿-eq- G-Xv- cm-PyØv

sFIycmjvS k`188. eoKv- Hm- v- t\-j-≥kn-s‚- ]n-≥Km-an- F-

∂p- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂- ]-ÿm-\w-189.- -26 cm-Py-ßƒ- H-∏p-sh-®- sF-Iy-cm-jv-S-

]-Jym-]-\w- G-Xv- kw-L-S-\-bp-sS- cq-]-h-Xv-I-c-W-hp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p-

190.- -tem-I-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- cm-Pym-¥-c- kw-L-S-\-

191.- -1945 H-Iv-tSm-_¿- 24\v- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂- kw-L-S-\-tb-Xv-

192.- -c-≠mw- tem-I-a-lm-bp-≤-Øn-s‚- A-h-km-\-tØm-sS- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂- kw-L-S-\-

193.- -A-‰v-em-‚n-kv- Nm¿-´¿- G-Xv- kw-L-S-\-bp-sS- cq-]-h-Xv-I-c-W-hp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-ń-cn-°-p∂p

^tØ]q¿ knIn194. AIv-_¿- N-I-h¿-Øn- \n¿-an-®- X-e-

ÿm-\w-195.- -C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- D-b-cw-Iq-Sn-b- I-

hm-S-am-b- _p-e-µv- Z¿-hm-k- G-Xn-s‚- I-hm-S-am-Wv-

196.- -P-lmw-Ko¿- P-\n-®-sX-hn-sS-bm-Wv-197.- -A-Iv-_-dp-sS- B-cm-[y-]p-cp-j-\m-bn-cp-∂-

sj-bv-Jv- k-enw- Nn-Ãn-bp-sS- i-h-Ip-So-cw- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-

198.- -sdm-am-≥kv- C-≥ tÃm-¨- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- \-K-cw-

199.- -A-Iv-_¿- N-I-h¿-Øn- 1575˛¬- C-_-Z-Øv-Jm-\- ]-Wn-I-gn-∏n-®-Xv- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-

200.- -P-e-Zu¿-e-`yw-Im-c-Ww- 1585˛¬- A-Iv-_¿- N-I-h¿-Øn- D-t]-£n-®- X-e-ÿm-\- \-K-cw

dpUvbm¿Uv InπnwKv201. s\m-t_¬- km-ln-Xy- k-Ωm-\-Øn-\v-

B-Zy-am-bn- A¿-l-\m-b- Cw-Kv-fo-jv- km-ln-Xy-Im-c-≥

202.- -G-‰-hpw- ]m-bw- Ip-d-™- km-ln-Xy-s\m-t_¬- tP-Xm-hv-

203.- -Pw-Knƒ- _p-°v- B-cp-sS- c-N-\-bm-Wv-204.- -Inw- F-∂- Ir-Xn- c-Nn-®-Xm-cv-205.- -au-Kv-fn- F-∂- I-Ym-]m-Xw- B-cp-sS- kr-

jv-Sn-bm-Wv-206.- -C-^v- F-∂- ]p-kv-X-Iw- F-gp-Xn-b-Xm-cm-

Wv-207.- -1865˛¬- apw-ss_-bn¬- P-\n-®- s\m-

t_¬- tP-Xm-hv-208.- -B-cp-sS- B-fl-I-Ym-]-c-am-b- c-N-\-bm-

Wv- kw-Xn-Mv- Hm-^v- ssa-sk¬-^v

Idp∏v209. ]php-Iƒ-°v- s]m-Xp-th- Im-W-s∏-Sm-Ø-

\n-dw-210.- -_-ln-cm-Im-i- k-©m-cn-°v- B-Im-iw- G-

Xp- \n-d-Øn¬- Im-W-s∏-Spw-211.- -]-]-©-Øn-s‚- \n-dw-212.- -]-Xn-tj-[w- kq-Nn-∏n-°m-≥ D-]-tbm-Kn-

°p-∂- sIm-Sn-bp-sS- \n-dw-213.- -A-®-Sn- cw-K-Øv- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- D-]-

tbm-Kn-°p-∂- \n-dw-214.- -A-¥-co-£-an-s√-¶n¬- B-Im-i-Øn-s‚-

\n-dw-215.- -C-e-Iv-Sn-Iv- I-W-£-\n¬- F¿-Øv- h-b-

dn-s\- s]m-Xp-th- kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂- \n-dw-216.- -F-√m- \n-d-ß-sf-bpw- B-Kn-c-Ww- sN-øp-

∂- ]-X-ew- G-Xv- \n-d-Øn¬- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂p-

217.- -F-en-hn-j-am-bn- D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂- kn-¶v-t^m-kv-ss^-Un-s‚- \n-dw-

218.- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Xm-]w- B-Kn-c-Ww-sN-øm-≥ I-gn-hp-≈- \n-dw-

219.- -N-µ-\n¬-\n-∂v- t\m-°n-bm¬- B-Im-iw-Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂- \n-dw-

220.- -sa-em-\n-s‚- km-∂n-[yw- X-e-ap-Sn-°v- \¬-Ip-∂- \n-dw

_ko¬221. ]m‚\m¬- N-Xp-∏p-\n-ew- G-Xv- cm-Py-

Øm-Wv-222.- -^p-Sv-t_mƒ- cm-Pm-hv- s]-se-bp-sS- cm-

Pyw-223.- -`q-a-[y-tc-J-bpw- Z-£n-Wm-b-\-tc-J-bpw-

I-S-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂- G-I- cm-Pyw-224.- -aq-ey-h¿-[n-X- \n-Ip-Xn- \-S-∏m-°n-b- B-

Zy-sØ- em-‰n-\-ta-cn-°-≥ cm-Pyw-225.- -B-a-tkm-¨-\-Zn- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Zq-

cw- H-gp-Ip-∂- cm-Pyw-226.- -B-Zy-sØ- ù-a- D-®-tIm-Sn-°v- th-Zn-bm-

b- cm-Pyw-227.- -cm-Pym-¥-c- Zm-cn-Zy- ]-T-\- tI-µw- G-Xv-

cm-Py-Øm-Wv-228.- -D-Ø-cm¿-[-tKm-f-Øn-epw- Z-£n-Wm¿-[-

tKm-f-Øn-ep-am-bn- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂- G-‰-hpw- hn-kv-Xo¿-Ww- Iq-Sn-b- cm-Pyw-

229.- -d-∫-dn-s‚- P-∑-tZ-iw-230.- -em-‰n-\-ta-cn-°-≥ \r-Ø-cq-]-am-b- kmw-

_- cq-]w-sIm-≠-Xv- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-Wv-231.- -F-√m- tem-I-I-∏v- ^p-Sv-t_mƒ- Sq¿-W-

sa-‚n-epw- ]-s¶-Sp-Ø- G-I- cm-Pyw-232.- -G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- em-‰n-\-ta-cn-°-≥ cm-Pyw-233.- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- ]m-h-iyw- tem-I-I-

∏v- ^p-Sv-t_mƒ- kz-¥-am-°n-b- cm-Pyw-234.- -H-fn-ºn-Iv-kn-\v- B-Xn-tY-b-Xzw- h-ln-°m-

≥t]m-Ip-∂- B-Zy-sØ- sX-t°- A-ta-cn-°-≥ cm-Pyw- (2016)-

235.- -hn-kv-Xo¿-W-Øn-Øn-epw- P-\-kw-Jy-bn-epw- H-tc- dm-¶p-≈- (5)- tem-I-Øn-se- G-I- cm-Pyw-

236.- -Nn-en-bpw- C-Iz-tUm-dpw- H-gn-I-bp-≈- a-s‰-√m- cm-Py-ß-fp-am-bpw- A-Xn¿-Øn- ]-¶n-Sp-∂- cm-Pyw-

237.- -ssI-Ãv- Z- sd-Uo-a¿- ]-Xn-a- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-Wv-

238.- -sXt°- A-ta-cn-°-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- cm-Pyw-

239.- -sX-t°- A-ta-cn-°-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-

b- km-º-Øn-I- i-‡n-240.- -tem-I-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- ^p-Sv-

t_mƒ- tÃ-Un-b-ß-fn-sem-∂m-b- a-c-°m-\- tÃ-Un-bw- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-Wv-

241.- -tem-I-tØ-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Im-∏n- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂- cm-Pyw-

242.- -tZ-io-b- ]-Xm-I-bn¬- p-Sv-t_m-fn-s‚- Nn-X-ap-≈- cm-Pyw-

243.- -X-]m¬- Ãm-ºv- ]p-d-Øn-d-°n-b- c-≠m-a-sØ- cm-Pyw-

244.- -sX-t°- A-ta-cn-°-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- hy-h-km-b-h-Xv-Ir-X-am-b- cm-Pyw-

245.- -t]m¿-®p-Ko-kv- `m-j- kw-km-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂- G-I- A-ta-cn-°-≥ cm-Pyw-

246.- -tem-I-Øn-s‚- Im-∏n-°-S-hv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- km-t‚m-kv- Xp-d-ap-Jw- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-Wv-

247.- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- tdm-a-≥ I-tØm-en-°-cp-≈- cm-Pyw-

248.- -G-Xv- cm-Py-sØ- \r-Ø-cq-]-am-Wv- kmw-_?

Im\U249. GXv- cm-Py-Øm-Wv- _n- n-jv- sIm-fw-_n-b-250. Iyq-_-Iv- F-∂- ^-©v- kw-km-cn-°p-∂-

]-hn-iy- Cw-•o-jv- ap-Jy-`m-j-bm-b- H-cp-cm-Py-Øn-s‚- `m-K-am-Wv.- G-Xm-Wv- cm-Pyw-?-

251.- -\n-b-a-\n¿-am-W-k- -bv-°v- G-‰-hpw- i-‡-am-b- D-]-cn-k- -bp-≈- tIm-a- -sh¬-Øv-

cm-Pyw-252.- -]-cn-ÿn-Xn- kw-L-S-\-bm-b- Ko-≥]o-kv-

B-ÿm-\w- (hm-≥Ip-h¿-)- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-Wv-

253.- -]-›n-am¿-[-tKm-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- cm-Pyw-

254.- -`q-an-bp-sS- D-Ø-c- Im-¥n-I- [p-hw- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂-Xv- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øn-\v- k-ao-]-am-Wv-

255.- -a-™n-s‚- \m-Sv-256.- -A-ta-cn-°-≥ sF-Iy-\m-Sp-I-sf-°q-Sm-sX-

aq-∂p- k-ap-Z-ß-fp-am-bn- A-Xn¿-Øn- ]-¶n-Sp-∂- cm-Pyw-

257.- -A-ta-cn-°-bv-°pw- G-Xp- cm-Py-Øn-\p-an-S-bv-°m-Wv- \-bm-K- sh-≈-®m-´w-

258.- -C-Sp-°n- A-W-s°- n-s‚- \n¿-am-W-Øn¬-k-l-I-cn-®- cm-Pyw-

259.- -en-√n-bp-sS- \m-Sv-260.- -F-hn-S-sØ- ]-[m-\-a-¥n-bp-sS- h-k-Xn-

bm-Wv- 24 k-k-Iv-kv- ssU-hv-261.- -G-‰-hpw- hn-kv-Xo¿-Ww- Iq-Sn-b- tIm-a- -

sh¬-Øv- Aw-K-cm-Pyw-262.- -G-‰-hpw- Ip-d-™- P-\-kw-Jy-bp-≈- hn-

I-kn-X- cm-jv-Sw-263.- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- I-S¬-Øo-c-ap-≈- cm-

Pyw-264.- -h-S-t°- A-ta-cn-°-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- hn-kv-

Xo¿-Ww- Iq-Sn-b- cm-Pyw-265.- -i-‡-am-b- tI-µ-tØm-Sv-Iq-Sn-b- s^-U-

td-j-≥ F-∂- B-i-bw- C-¥y- kzo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv- G-Xp- cm-Py-Øp-\n-∂m-Wv-

266.- -Pq-\n-b¿- A-ta-cn-°- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-cm-Pyw-

267.- -tK-‰v- t…-hv- X-Sm-Iw- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-Wv-

268.- -ta-∏n-fn-s‚- \m-Sv-

269.- -tem-I-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- \o-fw- Iq-Sn-b- A-Xn¿-Øn- A-ta-cn-°-bv-°pw- G-Xp- cm-Py-Øn-\p-an-S-bv-°m-Wv-

270.- -tem-I-Øv- hn-kv-Xo¿-W-Øn¬- c-≠mw-ÿm-\-ap-f-f- cm-Pyw-

271.- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- P-ew- kz-¥-am-b- cm-Pyw-

272.- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- X-Sm-I-ß-fp-≈- cm-Py-w

sdmWmƒUv tdmkv273. ate-dn-b-bp-sS- ]-cm-Z-Po-hn- sIm-Xp-Im-

sW-∂v- I-s≠-Øn-b-Xm-cv-274.- -1857˛¬- D-Ø-cm-J-Wv-Un-se- A¬-tam-

d-bn¬- H-cp- _n-ó-jv- Hm-ô-k-dp-sS- a-I-\m-bn- P-\n-®- s\m-t_¬- tP-Xm-hv-

275.- -c-≠m-a-sØ- ssh-Zy-im-kv-X- s\m-t_-en-\v- A¿-l-\m-b-Xm-cv-

276.- -s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\-Øn-\v- A¿-l-\m-b-B-Zy-sØ- Cw-Kv-fo-jp-I-mc≥ (1902)

]pcn277. i¶-cm-Nm-cy¿- tKm-h¿-[-\-a-Tw- ÿm-]n-

®-sX-hn-sS-bm-Wv-278.- -P-K-∂m-Y-t£-Xw- F-hn-sS- ÿn-Xn-sN-

øp-∂p-279.- -P-b-tZ-h-I-hn- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- P-\n-®-Xv-280.- -c-tYm-¬khØn\p ]kn≤amb \Kcw

amß281. C¥y-bp-sS- tZ-io-b-^-ew- F-∂p- hn-ti-

jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-282.- -]-g-ß-fp-sS- cm-Pm-hv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-283.- -G-Xn-s‚- k-ky-im-kv-X-\m-a-am-Wv- am-

≥Pn-s^-d- C-≥Un-°-284.- -a¬-tKm-h,- A¬-t^m-≥k,- _-¶-\-∏-≈n-

F-∂n-h- G-Xv- hr-£-Øn-s‚- C-\-ß-fm-Wv-

285.- -ln-µp-ÿm-s‚- X-\-Xm-b- ^-ew- F-∂v-ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn- _m-_¿- hn-ti-jn-∏n-®-Xv- G-Xn-s\-bm-Wv-

286.- -G-Xv- hn-f-bp-sS- C-\-am-Wv- tIm- p-t°-mWw

U¬ln287. ]pcmW- ]-kn-≤-am-b- C-µ-]-ÿw- C-

t∏mƒ- G-Xv- t]-cn-em-Wv- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-?-

288.- -]p-cm-X-\- C-¥y-bn-se- tem-l- km-t¶-Xn-I- hn-Zy-°v- \n-Z¿-i-\-am-b- C-cp-ºv- Xq-Wv- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- ÿm-]n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv-

289.- -]r-Yzn-cm-Pv- Nu-lm-≥ F-hn-S-sØ- A-h-km-\- ln-µp- cm-Pm-hm-bn-cp-∂p-

290.- -^n-tdm-kv- jm- tIm-Sv-e- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-291.- -C-¥y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn- kn.-F-≥.-Pn.- _-kv-

D-]-tbm-Kn-®v- ]-ªn-Iv- Sm-≥kv-t]m¿-´v- \-S-∏m-°n-b- \-K-cw-

292.- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- B¿-°n-tbm-f-Pn-°¬- ]m¿-°v- ÿm-]n-X-am-b- \-K-cw-

293.- -1192˛-se- c-≠mw- X-ssd-≥ bp-≤w- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- ap-…nw- `-c-W-Øn-\v- A-Sn-Ø-d-bn-´-Xv-

294.- -1857 -se- hn-π-h-Im-e-Øv- _-l-Zq¿-jm-bp-sS- ]p-X-≥am-sc- h-[n-®-ti-jw- i-co-cw-P-\-ßƒ-°v- Xm-°o-sX-∂-h-Æw- ]-Z¿-in-∏n-®- Jp-\n- Z¿-hm-k- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-

295.- -a-lm-flm-Km-‘n- F-hn-sS-h-®m-Wv- h-[n-

2014 P\p-hcn- 15 ]nFkvkn _p≈¡n≥ 11

°-s∏-´-Xv-296.- -C-¥y-bn¬- Un-Ã-≥kv- F-Uyp-t°-j-≥

B-cw-`n-®- B-Zy-sØ- k¿-h-I-em-im-e-297.- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- C- m-an-I- kv-

am-c-I-am-b- Ip-h-Øv- D¬- C-…mw- tam-kv-Iv- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-

298.- -C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- P-\-km-µ-X- Iq-Sn-b- tI-µ- `-c-W- ]-tZ-iw-

299.- -C-¥y-bp-sS- X-e-ÿm-\w- sIm¬-°-Ø-bn¬-\n-∂v- F-hn-tS-°p-am-‰p-sa-∂m-Wv-tPm¿-Pv- A-©m-a-≥ cm-Pm-hv- 1911˛¬- ]-Jym-]n-®-Xv-

300.- -C-µn-cm-Km-‘n- F-hn-sS-h-®m-Wv- h-[n-°-s∏-´-Xv-

301.- -C-µn-cm-Km-‘n- sa-tΩm-dn-b¬- ayq-kn-bw-F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-

302.- -C¬-Øp-an-jv- G-Xv- \-K-c-am-Wv- em-tlm-dn-\p-]-I-cw- X-e-ÿm-\-am-°n-b-Xv-

303.- -Ip-Ø-_v-an-\m¿- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-304.- -jm-P-lm-≥ ap-Kƒ- km-am-Py-Øn-s‚- X-

e-ÿm-\w- F-hn-tS-°m-Wv- am-‰n-b-Xv-305.- -Km-‘n-Pn-bp-sS- A-[y-£-X-bn¬- Bƒ-

C-¥ym- Jn-em- -Øv- tIm- - -d-≥kv- \-S-∂- ÿ-ew-

306.- -kz-¥-am-bn- ssl-t°m-S-Xn-bp-≈- G-I-tI-µ-`-c-W-]-tZ-iw-

307.- -lp-a-bq-Wn-s‚- i-h-Ip-So-cw- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-

308.- -Nm-µv-\n- Nu-Iv- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-309.- -tem-´-kv- sS-ºnƒ- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-310.- -Xn-lm¿- P-bn¬- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-311.- -Xp-•-°m-_m-Zv- tIm-´- FhnsSbmWv

P¿a\n312. \ho-I-c-Ww- B-cw-`n-®- cm-Pyw-313.- -_o-tYm-h-≥ P-\n-®- cm-Pyw-314.- -^m-¶v-^¿-´v- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-Wv-315.- -In-kv-a-kv- So- D-Zv-`-hn-®- cm-Pyw-316.- -ªm-°v- t^m-d-Ãv- a-e-\n-c-Iƒ- G-Xv- cm-

Py-Øm-Wv-317.- -A¬-tk-jy-≥ (P¿-a-≥ sj-t^¿-Uv-)-

\m-bv-°-fp-sS- D-Zv-`-hw- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-Wv-?-

318.- -am-Pn-t\m- v- sse-≥ ^m-≥kpw- G-Xp- cm-Py-hp-am-bp-≈- A-Xn¿-Øn-bm-Wv-

319.- -ap-ºv- ]-jy- F-∂-dn-b-s∏- n-cp-∂- cm-Pyw-320.- -A-tUmƒ-^v- ln-‰v-e¿- F-hn-Sp-sØ- `-c-

Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp-∂p-321.- -bp-≤-Øn¬- a-Ãm¿-Uv- Kym-kv- D-]-tbm-

Kn-®- B-Zy- cm-Pyw-322.- -C-¥y-≥ `-c-W-L-S-\m-\n¿-am-Xm-°ƒ,-

A-Sn-b-¥-cm-h-ÿ-°m-e-Øv- au-en-Im-h-Im-i-ßƒ- d-±p- sN-øp-I- F-∂- B-i-bw- kzo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øn¬-\n-∂m-Wv-

323.- -C-¥y-bp-tS-Xm-b- H-cp- tZ-io-b- ]-Xm-I-

Ã-Uv-K¿-ń¬- D-b¿-Øn-b-Xv- 1907˛¬- am-

Uw- `n-°m-Pn- Im-a-bm-Wv.- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-Wv- Ã-´v-K¿-´v-?-

324.- -dq¿-t°-e- Ão¬- ]v-fm-‚n-s‚- \n¿-am-W-Øn¬- k-l-I-cn-®- cm-Pyw-

325.- -G-Xv- cm-Py-Øn-s‚- hn-am-\-°-º-\n-bm-Wv- ep-^v-Xm-≥k-

326.- -G-Xv- cm-Py-sØ- Im¿- I-º-\n-bm-Wv- _n.-Fw.-U-ªyp-

327.- -G-Xv- cm-Py-sØ- Im¿-\n¿-am-Xm-°-fm-Wv-Hm-Un-

328.- -Im-d¬- am¿-Iv-kv- P-\n-®- cm-Pyw-329.- -km-ap-h¬- l-\n-am-≥ G-Xp- cm-Py-°m-c-

\m-bn-cp-∂p-330.- -sF-≥Ão-≥ P-\n-®- cm-Pyw-331.- -sI-]v-f-dp-sS- kz-tZ-iw-332.- -t^m-Iv-kv- hm-K- - G-Xp- cm-Py-sØ- hm-

l-\- \n¿-am-Xm-°-fm-Wv-333.- -tem-I-sØ- B-Zy-sØ- a-\-»m-kv-X- ]-

co-£-W-im-e- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-Wv- ÿm-]n-®-Xv- ?-

334.- -tUm-_¿-am-≥ \m-bv-°-fp-sS- D-Zv-`-hw- G-Xv- cm-Py-Ø-mWv?

FhdÃv ]¿hXw335. temI-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- D-b-cw- Iq-Sn-b-

sIm-Sp-ap-Sn-336.- -_n-ó-jp-Im¿- ]o-°v-˛-15 F-∂p- t]-cn-ń-

cp-∂- sIm-Sp-ap-Sn-tb-Xv-337.- -t\-∏m-fn¬- k-K¿-am-Xm- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-

∂- sIm-Sp-ap-Sn-tb-Xv-338.- -G-Xp- sIm-Sp-ap-Sn-sb-bm-Wv- Sn-_-‰p-Im¿-

tNm-tam-ep-Mv-a- F-∂p-hn-fn-°p-∂-Xv-339.- -_n-ó-jv- C-¥y-bn-se- k¿-th-b¿- P-\-

d-em-bn-cp-∂- k¿- B-≥Up- thm-Kv- t]-cp- \¬-In-b- sIm-Sp-ap-Sn- G-Xm-Wv-

]-›n-a-L- w-340.- -\o-e-Kn-cn- G-Xn-s‚- `m-K-am-Wv-341.- -k-lym-Zn-sb-∂- t]-cn-epw- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-

∂- a-e-\n-c-

342.- -C-¥y-bn-se- c-≠m-a-sØ- h-en-b- ]¿-h-X-\n-c-

343.- -A-d-_n-°-S-en-\p- k-am-¥-c-am-b- ]¿-h-X-\n-c-

344.- -tI-c-f-Øn-s‚- In-g-°p-`m-K-Øp-≈- a-e-\n-c-

345.- -tI-c-f-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- ssP-h-ssh-hn-[y-ap-≈- ]-tZ-iw-

346.- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- ]-[m-\- \-Zn-Iƒ- D-Zv-`-hn-°p-∂- ]¿-h-X-\n-c-

347.- -Im¿-U-a-aw- ln¬-kv,- B-\-a-e- F-∂n-h-G-Xv- a-e-\n-c-I-fp-sS- `m-K-am-Wv-

348.- -Z-£n-tW-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- ]¿-h-X-\-nc

thepØºn Zfh349. Ip≠d hn-fw-_-cw- (1809)- ]p-d-s∏-Sp-hn-

®-Xm-cv-350.- -_n- o-jp-Im¿-s°-Xn-sc- t]m-cm-Sp-I-bpw-

H-Sp-hn¬- i-Xp-°-fp-sS- ]n-Sn-b-I-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\p-ap-ºv- a-Æ-Sn- t£-X-Øn¬-h-®v-B-fl-l-Xy- sN-øp-I-bpw- sN-bv-X- tZ-im-`n-am-\n-

351.- -Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øv- Fw.-Pn.-tdm-Un-\p- k-ao-]w- sk-I-t´-dn-b-‰v- h-f-∏n-\p-≈n¬-

ÿm-]n-®n-cn-°p-∂- ]-Xn-a- B-cp-tS-Xm-Wv-

352.- -A-hn- w- Xn-cp-\mƒ- _m-e-cm-a-h¿-a- a-lm-cm-Pm-hn-s‚- Im-e-Øv- P-\-Io-b- ]-t£m-`-Øn-\p- t\-Xr-Xzw- \¬-In-b-Xm-cv-

353.- -B-cp-sS- ar-X-tZ-l-am-Wv- _n-ó-jp-Im¿-Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øv- I-Æ-Ωq-e-bn¬- ]-c-ky-am-bn- Xq-°-nbn´Xv

KpPdmØv354. A¶te-iz¿- F-Æ-∏m-Sw- G-Xv- kw-ÿm-

\-Øm-Wv-355.- -C-¥y-bn¬- ]m-gv-kn- (skm-cm-jv-S-a-X-

°m¿-)- A-`-bm¿-Yn-Iƒ- B-Zy-sa-Øn-b-ÿ-e-am-b- k-≥Pmw- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂-kw-ÿm-\w-

356.- -C-¥y-bn¬- G-‰-hpw- ]-Sn-™m-dm-bn- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂- kw-ÿm-\w-

357.- -C-¥y-bn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- \n-e-°-S-e- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂- kw-ÿm-\w-

358.- -C-¥y-bn¬- kz-¥-am-bn- td-Un-tbm- tÃ-j-≥ Xp-S-ßn-b- B-Zy-sØ- k¿-h-I-em-im-e-bm-b- k¿-Zm¿- ]-t´¬- k¿-h-I-em-im-e- ÿm-]n-°-s∏-´- kw-ÿm-\w-

359.- -C-¥y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn- ]-tXy-I- km-º-Øn-I- ta-J-e- ÿm-]n-X-am-b- Xp-d-ap-J-am-b- Im-≠v-e- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂- kw-ÿm-\w-

360.- -C-¥y-bn-se- 15a-sØ- kw-ÿm-\w-361.- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- a-ssd-≥ \m-j-

W¬- ]m¿-°m-b- ]n-tdm-´-≥ F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-

362.- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- kz-Im-cy- Xp-d-ap-J-am-b- ]n-]-hm-hv- \n¿-an-°-∏-´- kw-ÿm-\w-

363.- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- Xp-d-ap-J-am-b-tem-Ø¬- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂- kw-ÿm-\w-

364.- -cp-Z-Zm-a-≥ tI-Sp-]m-Sp-Iƒ- Xo¿-Ø- kp-Z¿-i-\- X-Sm-Iw- G-Xv- kw-ÿm-\-Øv-

365.- -cq-]w-sIm-≠-\mƒ- ap-X¬- a-Zy-\n-tcm-[-\w- \n-e-hn-ep-≈- kw-ÿm-\w-

366.- -C-Xn-lm-k-ß-fp-sS- \m-Sv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- kw-ÿm-\w-

367.- -D-∏n-s‚- D¬-]m-Z-\-Øn¬- H-∂mw-ÿm-\-ap-≈- kw-ÿm-\w-

368.- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- I-S¬-Øo-c-ap-≈- kw-ÿm-\w- (1596 In.-ao.- )-

369.- -k-]p-X-c- ln¬- tÃ-j-≥ G-Xv- kw-ÿm-\-Øm-Wv-

370.- -Km¿-_- F-∂- \r-Ø-cq-]w- ]-Nm-c-Øn-ep-≈- kw-ÿm-\w-

371.- -knw-l-ßƒ-°p- ]-kn-≤-am-b- Kn¿- h-\y-

Po-hn-k-t¶-Xw- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂- kw-ÿm-\w-

372.- -sIm-bm-en- F-Æ-ip-≤o-I-c-W-im-e- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂- kw-ÿm-\w-

373.- -X-]v-Xn- \-Zn-bn-se- I-Im-∏m-d,- D-Im-bv- ]-≤-Xn-Iƒ- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂- kw-ÿm-\w-

374.- -X-t±-i- ÿm-]-\-ß-fn-te-°p-≈- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏n¬- thm- p-sN-øp-∂-Xv- \n¿-_-‘n-X-am-°n-b- B-Zy- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w-

sslZcm_mZv375. kem¿-PMv- ayq-kn-bw- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-376.- -\m-j-W¬- C-≥Ãn-‰yq-´v- Hm-^v- \p-Sn-j-

≥ F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-377.- -\-c-kn-l-dm-hp- A-¥y-hn-i-aw- sIm-≈p-

∂- ÿ-ew-378.- -\m-j-W¬- dn-tam-´v- sk-≥kn-Mv- G-P-

≥kn-bp-sS- B-kv-Ym-\w- F-h-n-sSbm-Wv379. \mj-W¬- dq-d¬- dn-k¿-®v- C-≥Ãn-‰yq-

´v- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-380.- -\m-j-W¬- t]m-eo-kv- A-°m-Z-an- F-hn-

sS-bm-Wv-381.- -]n.-hn.- \-c-knw-l-dm-hp- F-en-th-‰-Uv- F-

Iv-kv-]-kv- th- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv.-382.- -ap-kn- \-Zo-Xo-c-sØ- ]-[m-\- \-K-cw-383.- -B-Zy-sØ- B-t^m-˛-G-jy-≥ sK-bnw-

kn-\p- th-Zn-bm-b- \-K-cw-384.- -C-¥y- kz-X-¥-am-Ip-tºmƒ- G-‰-hpw-

Iq-Sp-X¬- hn-kv-Xo¿-W-ap-≈- \m-´p-cm-Pyw- I-iv-ao-cm-bn-cp-∂p.- F-∂m¬,- P-\-kw-Jy-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂- \m-´p-cm-Pyw- G-Xm-bn-cp-∂p-?-

385.- -C-¥y- kz-X-¥-am-Ip-tºmƒ- G-‰-hpw- k-º-∂-am-b- \m-´p- cm-Py-am-bn-cp-∂-Xv-

386.- -C-¥y-bn¬- kp-\m-an- ap-∂-dn-bn-∏v- tI-µw-ÿm-]n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-

387.- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- Ko-≥ô¬-Uv-hn-am-\-Øm-h-fw-

388.- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- Hm-∏-¨- bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-‰n-bm-b- tUm.-_n.-B¿.-Aw-t_-Zv-I¿- Hm-∏- - bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-‰n-bp-sS- B-ÿm-\w-

389.- -C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- n-enw- Ãp-

Un-tbm-bm-b- cm-tam-Pn- n-enw- kn-‰n- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-

390.- -C-¥y-bn-se- ssl-sS-Iv- kn-‰n- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-

391.- -C-≥jp-d-≥kv- d-Kp-te-‰-dn- B-‚ v- U-h-e-]v-sa-‚ v- A-tXm-cn-‰n-bp-sS- B-ÿm-\w-

392.- -cm-jv-S-]-Xn- \n-e-bw- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-393.- -F-b¿- t^m-gv-kv- A-°m-Z-an- F-hn-sS-bm-

Wv-394.- -F-hn-Sp-sØ- -c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp-∂p-

ss\-kmw-395.- -Hm-∏-td-j-≥ t]m-tfm- F-∂- ssk-\n-I-

\-S-]-Sn-bn-eq-sS- C-¥y-tbm-Sv- tN¿-Ø- \m-´p-cm-Pyw-

396.- -Jp-en- Ip-Xv-_v- jm- ÿm-]n-®- X-e-ÿm-\- \-K-cw-

397.- -jw-jm-_m-Zv- cm-Po-hv- Km-‘n- C-‚¿-\m-j-W¬- F-b¿-t]m¿-´v- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-

398.- -K-®n-_u-fn- tÃ-Un-bw- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-399.- -k-tcm-Pn-\n- \m-bn-Up- P-\n-®- ÿ-ew-400.- -Nm¿-an-\m¿- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-401.- -Pn-_mƒ-´¿- ]m-d- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-402.- -s\-lp- kp-thm-f-Pn-°¬- e-b- - k- m-

cn- ]m¿-°v- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-403.- -sa-°m- a-kv-Pn-Zv- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-404.- -ssk-_-cm-_m-Zv- F-∂p- hn-fn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-

\-K-cw-405.- -sX-ep-¶p-kn-\n-am-hy-h-km-b-Øn-s‚- B-

ÿm-\w

Ct¥m\ojy406. \nt°m-_m¿- Zzo-]p-I-tfm-Sv- G-‰-hpw- A-

Sp-Øm-bn- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂- cm-Pyw-407.- -`q-a-[y-tc-J- I-S-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂- G-I- G-

jy-≥ cm-Pyw-408.- -1945˛¬- s\-X¿-e-≥Uv-kn¬-\n-∂v- kzm-

X-¥yw- ]-Jym-]n-®- cm-Pyw-

12 ]nFkvkn _p≈¡n≥ 2014 P\p-hcn- 15

409.- -1999˛¬- kz-X-¥-am-Ipw-ap-ºv- Cu-Ãv- Xn-tam¿- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øn-s‚- \n-b-¥-W-Øn-em-b-ncp∂p

410. alm-dm-Wn- Kp-l- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-Wv-411.- -B-kn-b-≥ F-∂- kw-L-S-\-bp-sS- B-

ÿm-\w- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-Wv-412.- -Cu-Ãv- Xn-tam¿- F-∂- cm-Pyw- kzm-X-

¥yw- t\-Sn-b-Xv- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øn¬-\n-∂m-Wv-

413.- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- k-ap-Z- A-Xn¿-Øn-I-fp-≈- cm-Pyw-

414.- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- k-ap-Z-Xo-c-ap-≈- G-jy-≥cm-Pyw-

415.- -G-Xp- cm-Py-Øn-s‚- \yq-kv- G-P-≥kn-bm-Wv- A-‚m-d-

416.- -G-Xp- cm-Py-Øp-h-®m-Wv- 1955˛¬- _m-µp-Mv- k-tΩ-f-\w- \-S-∂-Xv-

417.- -G-Xp-cm-Py-Øn-s‚- hn-am-\- k¿-ho-km-Wv- K-cp-U-?-

418.- -H-dm-Mv- D-´m-≥ F-∂- P-¥p-hn-`m-Kw- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂- cm-Pyw-

419.- -kp-°¿-tWm- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øn-‚- cm-jv-S-]n-Xm-hm-Wv-

420.- -sa¿-tU-°- G-Xp- cm-Py-sØ- ]-X-am-Wv-421.- -sa-dm-]n- A-·n- ]¿-h-Xw- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-

Wv-422.- -sX-°p-In-g-°-≥ G-jy-bn-se- cm-Py-ß-

fn¬- G-‰-hpw- hn-kv-Xo¿-Ww- Iq-Sn-b-Xv-423.- -tem-I-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- Zzo-]-k-

aq-lw-424.- -tem-I-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- P-\-

kw-Jy-bp-≈- Zzo-]m-b- Pm-h- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øn-s‚- `m-K-am-Wv-

425.- -U-®v- Cu-Ãv- C-≥Uo-kv- F-∂v- ap-º-dn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂- cm-Pyw

kn.hn.cma≥]n≈426. aebm-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- N-cn-Xm-Jym-

bn-I-bm-b- am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a- (1891)- c-Nn-®-Xm-cv-

427.- -[¿-a-cm-P- F-∂- t\m-h-en-s‚- I¿-Øm-hv-

428.- -t]-am-ar-Xw- B-sc-gp-Xn-b- G-I- km-aq-ln-I- t\m-h-em-Wv-

429.- -a-e-bm-f-Øn-s‚- kv-tIm-´v- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-cv-

430.- -cm-a-cm-Pm- _-l-Zq¿- F-∂- t\m-h¬- F-gp-Xn-b-Xm-cv-

431.- -a-e-bm-fn- sa-tΩm-dn-b-en-\p- t\-Xr-Xzw- ]-I¿-∂-h-cn-sem-cm-fm-b- km-ln-Xy-I-mc≥

aqß432. hn-⁄m-\-Øn-s‚- ]-Xo-I-am-bn- I-W-

°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂- ]-£n-433.- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- I-gp-Øv- Xn-cn-°m-≥

I-gn-hp-≈- ]-£n-434.- -c-≠p- I-Æp-I-fpw- ap-J-Øn-s‚- ap-≥`m-

K-Øp-≈- ]-£n-435.- -Im-e-t¶m-gn- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- G-Xn-

\w- ]-£n-bm-Wv-436.- -G-‰-hpw- an-I-®- tIƒ-hn-i-‡n-bp-≈- Po-

hn (Barn Owl)

]\º≈ntKmhnµtat\m≥

437. kzmX¥yw- In-´p-tºmƒ- sIm-®n-bn¬-

]-[m-\-a-¥n-bm-bn-cp-∂-Xv-438.- -_m-¶v- tZ-i-km-Xv-I-c-W-k-a-b-Øv- \n-b-

a-a-¥n-bm-bn-cp-∂- a-e-bm-fn-439.- -sI.-I-cp-Wm-I-c-s‚- cm-jv-So-b-Kp-cp-440.- -Xn-cp-˛-sIm-®n-bn-se- A-h-km-\-sØ- ap-

Jy-a-¥n-441.- -B-cp-sS- ]-kw-K-Øn¬- \n-∂m-Wv-

1959se- hn-tam-N-\-k-a-c-Øn-\v- B- t]-cp- e-`n-®-Xv-

442.- -sIm-®n-sb- `-c-W-L-S-\m- \n¿-am-W-k-`-bn¬- ]-Xn-\n-[m-\w- sN-bv-X- G-I- a-e-b-mfn

ae_m¿443. tIcf kwÿm-\- cq-]o-I-c-W-k-a-b-Øv-

\n-e-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xpw- ]n-∂o-Sv- C-√m-Xm-b-Xp-am-b- G-I- Pn-√-

444.- -1793˛¬- _n-ó-jv- -c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-Øn-s‚- `m-K-am-bn- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂- Pn-√-

445.- -tI-c-f- kw-ÿm-\- cq-]o-I-c-W-k-a-b-Øv-G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- Pn-√-bm-bn-cp-∂-Xv-

446.- -hm-K-¨- Sm-P-Un- G-Xp- I-em-]-hp-am-bn-_-‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p-

447.- -io-cw-K-]-´-Ww- D-S-º-Sn- (1792)- ]-Im-cw-Sn-∏p- kp¬-Øm-≥ _n-ó-jp-Im¿-°v- hn-´p-sIm-Sp-Ø- tI-c-f-Øn-se- ]-tZ-i-ta-Xv

s\lp tSm^n h≈wIfn448. tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- ]-kn-≤-am-b- h-

≈w-I-fn-449.- -tI-c-f-Øn-te-°v- G-‰-hp-a-[n-Iw- hn-tZ-i-

k-©m-cn-I-sf- B-I¿-jn-°p-∂- h-≈w-I-fn-

450.- -F-√m- h¿-j-hpw- B-K-kv-Xn-se- c-≠mw-i-\n-bm-gv-N- \-S-°p-∂- P-tem-’-h-ta-Xv-

451.- -ap-ºv- ss]w- an-\n-tÃ-gv-kv- tSm-^n- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂- P-tem-’-h-ta-Xv-

452.- -P-hm-l¿-em¬- s\-lp- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-tSm-^n- k-Ωm-\n-°p-∂-Xv- G-Xv- P-tem-’hØnse hnPbnIƒ°mWv

abn¬453. ]mthm- In-Ãm-‰-kv- G-Xp- ]-£n-bp-sS-

im-kv-X-\m-a-am-Wv-454.- -C-¥y-bp-sS- tZ-io-b-]-£n-455.- -Nq-e-∂q¿- k-t¶-Xw- G-Xv- ]-£n-bp-sS-

kw-c-£-W-Øn-\p- ]-kn-≤-am-Wv-456.- -`m-c-Xo-b-]p-cm-W-ß-fn¬- kp-_-a-Wy-

s‚- hm-l-\w-457.- -a-g-hn-√v- Im-Wp-tºmƒ- \r-Øw-sN-øp-∂-

Xv- G-Xv ]£nbmWv

kokn-bw458. At‰m-an-Iv- t¢m-°p-I-fn¬- D-]-tbm-Kn-

°p-∂- aq-e-I-ta-Xv-459.- -G-‰-hpw- C-e-Iv-tSm- t]m-kn-‰o-hv- B-b-

tÃ-_nƒ- aq-e-Iw-460.- -kv-s]-Iv-Sw- A-\m-en-kn-kn-eq-sS- I-s≠-

Øn-b- B-Zy- aq-e-I-ta-Xv-461.- -G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- B-‰-ap-≈- aq-e-Iw-462.- -J-cm-h-ÿ-bn-ep-≈- tem-l-ß-fn¬- G-

‰-hpw- ar-Zp-hm-bXv463. Pollucite, Lepidolite F∂n-h- G-Xn-

s‚- A-bn-cp-I-fm-Wv-

Iaem kpcø464. Fs‚- I-Y- F-∂- Ir-Xn- c-Nn-®-Xm-cv-465.- -B-sc-gp-Xn-b- ]p-kv-X-I-am-Wv- \o¿-am-X-

fw- ]q-Ø-Im-ew-466.- -sI.-F¬.-tam-l-\-h¿-a-bp-am-bn-t®¿-∂v- A-

am-hm-kn- F-∂- t\m-h¬- F-gp-Xn-b-Xm-cv-467.- -C-…mw-a-Xw- kzo-I-cn-®- a-e-bm-f- km-ln-

Xy-Im-cn-468.- -am-[-hn-°p-ń- F-∂- t]-cn-epw- ]-kn-≤-

bm-b- km-ln-XyImcn

H.F≥.hn. Ipdp∏v469. h-b-em¿- A-hm¿-Uv- t\-Sn-b- D-∏v- F-∂-

Ir-Xn- F-gp-Xn-b-Xm-cv-470.- -tI-µ- km-ln-Xy- A-°m-Z-an- A-hm¿-Un-

\¿-l-am-b- A-£-cw- F-∂- Ir-Xn- c-Nn-®-Xm-cv-

471.- -Im-fn-Zm-k-s‚- Po-hn-Xw- ap-≥\n¿-Øn- D-÷-bn-\n- F-∂- Zo¿-L-Im-hyw- c-Nn-®-Xm-cv-

472.- -`q-an-°v- H-cp- N-c-a-Ko-Xw- F-∂- Ir-Xn- B-cp-tS-Xm-Wv-

473.- -⁄m-\-]o-Tw- ]p-c-kv-Im-c-Øn-\¿-l-\m-b- A-©m-a-sØ- a-e-bm-fn-

474.- -⁄m-\-]o-Tw- ]p-c-kv-Im-c-Øn-\¿-l-\m-b- c-≠m-a-sØ- a-e-bm-f- I-hn

kpKXIpamcn475. kwÿm-\- h-\n-Xm- I-Ωo-j-s‚- B-Zy-

sØ- A-[y-£-476.- -h-b-em¿- A-hm¿-Uv- t\-Sn-b- A-º-e-a-

Wn- F-∂- Ir-Xn- c-Nn-®-Xm-cv-477.- -C-¥ym- K-h-¨-sa-‚n-s‚- hr-£-an-X- A-

hm¿-Uv- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- a-e-bm-fn-478.- -B-cp-sS- Ir-Xn-bm-Wv- ]m-Xn-cm-∏q-°ƒ-479.- -a-W-se-gp-Øv- F-∂- Ir-Xn-bn-eq-sS- k-

c-kz-Xn- k-Ωm-\-Øn-\v- A¿-l-bm-b-Xv-480.- -cm-X-a-g- F-∂- Ir-X-n cNn®Xmcv

_memaWnbΩ481. kckz-Xn- k-Ωm-\-Øn-\¿-l-bm-b- B-

Zy- a-e-bm-fn-482.- -F-gp-Ø-—-≥ A-hm¿-Uv- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy-

sØ- h-\n-X-483.- -B-cp-sS- I-hn-Xm- k-am-lm-c-am-Wv- Iq-

∏p-ssI-484.- -tI-c-f- km-ln-Xy- A-°m-Z-an- A-hm¿-Upw-

tI-µ- km-ln-Xy- A-°m-Z-an- A-hm¿-Upw-t\-Sn-b- ap-Ø-»n- F-∂- Ir-Xn- F-gp-Xn-b-Xm-cv-

485.- -B-cp-sS- c-N-\-bm-Wv- k-c-kz-Xn- k-Ωm-\-Øn-\¿-l-am-b- \n-th-Zyw-

486.- -\m-e-∏m-´v- \m-cm-b-W-ta-t\m-s‚- \n-cym-W-Øn¬- A-\p -tim-Nn -®p -sIm-≠v -

tem-Im-¥-c-ß-fn¬- F-∂- hn-em-]-Im-hyw- F-gp-Xn-b-Xm-cv-

487.- -]-i-kv-X- km-ln-Xy-Im-cn- am-[-hn-°p-ń-bp-sS- am-Xm-hv-

488.- -am-Xr-Xz-Øn-s‚- I-h-bn-Xn- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´-Xmcv

sNw-kv- t^m¿-Uv- ]`p-489. ]©m-_n-se Aar-Xv-kdn-se Pm-en-b≥-

hm-em-_m-Kn¬- Iq- -s°m-e- \-S-∂-t∏mƒ-ssh-tkm-bn-

490.- -]-hn-iy-I-fn¬- Zzn- -c-W- kw-hn-[m-\w- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂-t∏mƒ- ssh-tkm-bn-bm-bn-cp-∂-Xv-

491.- -B-\n- _-k-‚pw- _m-e-Kw-Km-[-c-Xn-e-I-\pw- tlmw-dqƒ- ]-ÿm-\w- B-cw-`n-®-t∏mƒ- ssh-tkm-bn-

492.- -C-¥y-bn-se- sXm-gn-em-fn-h¿-K-Øn-s‚-B-Zy-sØ- kw-L-S-\-bm-b- A-Jn-te-¥ym- tS-Uv- bq-Wn-b-≥ tIm- -K-kv- (F-sF-Sn-bp-kn-)- 1920 H-Iv-tSm-_¿- 31\v-t_mw-s_-bn¬- cq-]w-sIm-≠-t∏mƒ-ssh-tkm-bn- B-cm-bn-cp-∂p-

493.- -du-e-‰v- \n-b-aw- ]m-km-°n-b-t∏mƒ- ssh-tkm-bn-bm-bn-cp-∂-Xv-

494.- -G-Xv- ssh-tkm-bn-bp-sS- k-a-b-Øm-Wv-a-Z-≥tam-l-≥am-f-hy- _-\m-d-kv- ln-µp-k¿-h-I-em-im-e- (1916)-ÿm-]n-®-Xv-

495.- -H-∂mw- tem-I- a-lm-bp-≤-Øn-\v- Xn-c-io-e-ho-W-Xv- (1918)-G-Xv- ssh-tkm-bn-bp-sS- k-a-b-Øm-Wv-

496.- -hn-Zym-`m-k-sØ-°p-dn-®v- ]-Tn-°m-≥ km-Uv-e¿- I-an-j-≥ \n-tbm-Kn-°-s∏- -t∏mƒ-ssh-tkm-bn-bm-bn-cp-∂-Xv-

497.- -Jn-e- -Øv- ]-ÿm-\w- B-cw- n-®-t∏mƒ-B-cm-bn-cp-∂p- ssh-tkm-bn-

498.- -Km-‘n-Pn- \n-k-l-I-c-W- ]-ÿm-\w-(1920˛-22)- B-cw-`n-®-Xv- G-Xv- ssh-tkm-bn-bp-sS- Im-e-Øm-Wv-

499.- -Km-‘n-Pn- C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- k-Xy-K-lw- _o-lm-dn-se- N-ºm-c-\n¬- \-S-Øn- (1917)-b-t∏mƒ- ssh-tkm-bn-

500.- -Pm-en-b-≥hm-em-_m-Kv- Iq- -s°m-e-sb-°p-dn-®-t\z-jn-°m-≥ l-≠¿- I-an-j-s\- \n-b-an-®-t∏mƒ- ssh-tkm-bn- B-cm-bn-cp-∂p

a’c∏co£IfnsetIcfw

* `mcX-Øn-s‚- hn-tZ-i-Im-cy-h-Ip-∏v- sI-ń-∏-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬- kp-]-[m-\- ]-¶p-h-ln-®-a-e-bm-fn- \-b-X-¥-⁄-≥˛- sI.-]n.-F-kv.-ta-t\m-≥

*- -`m-jm-Z¿-∏-Ww- F-∂- K-\v-Y-Øn-s‚- I¿-Øm-hv-˛- B-‰q¿- Ir-jv-W-∏n-jm-c-Sn-

*- -io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp- A-cp-hn-∏p-dw- in-h-]-Xn-jv-T- \-S-Øn-b- h¿-jw-˛- 1888

*- -sN-Ωo-≥ kn-\n-a-bp-sS- kw-hn-[m-b-I-≥˛-cm-ap- Im-cym-´v-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬-Im-ew- U-]yq-ń- kv-]o-°-dm-b-Xv-˛- B¿.-F-kv.- D-Æn-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn¬- hm-b-\m-hm-c-am-bn- B-tLm-jn-°p-∂-Xv-˛- Pq-¨- 19˛-25

*- -_n-ó-jv- a-e-_m¿- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂-Xv- G-Xv- h¿-j-Øn¬-˛- F.-Un.-1793

*- -`m-¥-≥ Nm-∂m-≥ G-Xv- Ir-Xn-bn-se- I-Ym-]m-X-am-Wv- ˛- am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a-

*- -io-\m-cm-b-W- [¿-a- ]-cn-]m-e-\-tbm-Kw-ÿm-]n-X-am-b- h¿-jw-˛- 1903

*- -tI-c-f-Øn¬- D-∏p- k-Xym-K-l-Øn-s‚-(1930)- ]-[m-\- th-Zn-bm-bn-cp-∂-Xv- - ]-ø-∂q¿-

*- -tIm-´-bw- ]-´-W-Øn-s≥d- kv-Ym-]-I-\m-b-h-S-°-≥ Un-hn-j-s≥d- t]-jv-Im¿-˛- Sn- cm-a-dm-hp- (1878)-

*- -`m-¥m-e-bw- c-Nn-®-Xv-˛- tI-i-h-tZ-hv-*- -io-i-¶-c- kw-kv-Ir-X- k¿-h-I-em-im-e-bp-

sS- B-Zy- ssh-kv- Nm-≥k-e¿-˛- B¿.-cm-a-N-µ-≥ \m-b¿-

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- I-b¿- ^m-Iv-S-dn-bm-b- Um-dm-kv- sa-bn¬- ÿm-]n-®-Xv-˛-sP-bnw-kv- Um-d-

*- -C-c-hn-Ip-fw- h-\y-Po-hn- k-t¶-X-sØ- \m-j-W¬- ]m¿-°m-bn- ]-Jym-]n-®- h¿-jw- - 1978

*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- I-b¿-Km-aw-˛-h-b-em¿-

*- -ioi-¶-cm-Nm-cy¿- P-\n-®- ÿ-ew-˛-Im-e-Sn-*- -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy- K-h¿-W¿-˛- cm-a-Ir-

jv-W-dm-hp-* -io- i-¶-cm-Nm-cy¿- Du-∂¬- \¬-In-b- am¿-

Kw-˛- ⁄m-\-am¿-Kw-

12 ]nFkvkn _p≈¡n≥ 2014 P\p-hcn- 15

2014 P\p-hcn- 15 ]nFkvkn _p≈¡n≥ 13

*- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy- No-^v- P-Ãn-kv-˛- sI.-Sn.-tIm-in-

* -In-kv-Xp- `m-K-h-Xw- c-Nn-®-Xv-˛-]n.-kn.-tZ-h-ky-

*- tI-c-f-Øn¬- G-Xp- h¿-jw- \-S-∂- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏n-em-Wv- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- t]m-fn-Mv- i-X-am-\w- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv-˛- 1960

*- tI-c-f-Øn¬- H-cp- a-Wv-U-e-Øn¬-\n-∂p-X-s∂- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- ]m-h-iyw- hn-P-bn-®-Xv-˛- sI.-Fw.-am-Wn-

* -a-e-bm-f-Øn¬-\n-∂pw- D¿-h-in- A-hm¿-Uv-B-Zy-am-bn- t\-Sn-b-Xv-˛- im-c-Z-

* -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- e-b-¨- k-^m-cn- ]m¿-°v-˛- s\-øm¿- Umw-

* -io-i-¶-cm-Nm-cy-cp-sS- Kp-cp- - tKm-hn-µ-]m-Z¿-*- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- H-fn-ºy-≥˛-

kn.-sI.-e-£v-a-W-≥*- F-en-∏-Øm-bw- F-∂- kn-\n-a-bp-sS- kw-

hn-[m-b-I-≥˛- A-Sq¿- tKm-]m-e-Ir-jv-W-≥* -tZ-io-b- _-lp-a-Xn- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy-sØ- a-

e-bm-f- Nn-Xw-˛- \o-e-°p-bn¬-*- X-I-gn-bp-sS- G-Xv- t\m-h-em-Wv- B-Zy-am-

bn- N-e-®n-X-am-b-Xv-˛- c-≠n-S-ß-gn-* -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- I-ayq-Wn-Ãv- Kq-

∏v-˛- I-ayq-Wn-Ãv- eo-Kv-* -Ko-°v- tdm-a-≥ \m-hn-I-\m-b- ln-∏m-e-kv-

sIm-Sp-ß-√q-cn¬- h-∂- h¿-jw-˛- F.-Un.-45*- tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- ssP-h-ssh-hn-[y-

ap-≈- h-\w-˛- ssk-e-‚ v- hm-en-*- ^m¬-t°- A-hm¿-Uv- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- a-e-

bm-fn-˛- A-Sq¿- tKm-]m-e-Ir-jv-W-≥* -io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hn-s≥d- P-∑-kv-Y-ew-˛-

sN-º-g-¥n-*- tI-c-f-Øn¬- G-Xp- h¿-jw- \-S-∂- Xn-c-

s™-Sp-∏n-em-Wv- H-cp- I-£n-°pw- hy-‡-am-b- `q-cn-]-£w- e-`n-°m-Ø-Xn-\m¬- \n-b-a-k-`- cq-]-h¬-°-cn-°m-≥ I-gn-bm-sX-t]m-b-Xv-˛- 1965

* -tI-c-f-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬-Im-ew-\n-b-a-k-`mw-K-am-b- h-\n-X- ˛-sI.-B¿.-Ku-cn-b-Ω-

*- tI-c-f-Øn¬- h-c-bm-Sp-Iƒ-°v- ]-kn-≤-am-b- tZ-io-tbm-Zym-\w-˛-C-c-hn-Ip-fw-

* -Sm-h-≥Iq¿- kn-a-≥dv-kv- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-˛-\m-´-Iw-

* -a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- Un.-Sn.-F-kv.-N-e-®n-Xw-˛- an-t√-\n-bw- Ãm¿-kv-

*- tI-c-f-Øn-se- h-\y-Po-hn- k-t¶-X-ß-fn¬-a-c-Øn-s‚- t]-cn¬- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- G-I-k-t¶-Xw-˛- sN-¥p-cp-Wn-

* -1744 ¬- sIm-®n-bn-se- t_mƒ-Km-ń- sIm-´m-cw- \n¿-an-®-Xv-˛- U-®p-Im¿-

* -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- h-\n-Xm- No-^v-sk-I-´-dn-˛- ]-flm- cm-a-N-µ-≥

* -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- h-\y-Po-hn-k-t¶-Xw-˛- tX-°-Sn-

*- 1904˛¬- ]-kn-≤o-I-c-W-am-cw-`n-®- hn-th-tIm-Z-b-Øn-s‚- B-Zy- Hu-tZym-Kn-I- F-Un-‰¿- B-bn-cp-∂-Xv-˛- Fw.-tKm-hn-µ-≥

*- ]-Xn-s\-´-c-°-hn-Iƒ- B-cp-sS- k-Z- n-s\-bm-Wv- A-e-¶-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv-˛- am-\-hn-I-a-tZ-h-≥

*- tI-c-f-Øn-s‚- G-‰-hpw- sX-t°-b-‰-sØ-\-Zn-˛-s\-øm¿-

*- ]-Z-hn-bn-en-cn-s°- A-¥-cn-®- B-Zy-sØ-tI-c-f- K-h¿-W¿-˛- kn-°-µ¿- `-‡v-

* -_m-em-a-Wn-b-Ω-bv-°v- tI-µ- km-ln-Xy-A-°m-Z-an- A-hm¿-Uv- t\-Sn-s°m-Sp-Ø- Ir-Xn-˛- ap-Ø-»n-

*- 1917¬- k-a-kv-X- tI-c-f- k-tlm-Z-c-kw-Lw-ÿm-]n-®-Xv-˛- sI.-A-ø-∏-≥

*- ]-Z-hn-bn-en-cn-s°- A-¥-cn-®,- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- \n-b-a-k-`mw-Kw-˛- tUm.-F.-B¿.- ta-t\m-≥

* -tIm- -bw- Pn-√-bn-se- ]-i-kv-X-am-b- ]-£n-k-t¶-Xw-˛- Ip-a-c-Iw- -

* -io-aq-ew- Xn-cp-\mƒ- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- cm-Pm-hm-b-Xv- G-Xv- h¿-j-Øn¬- - F.-Un.-1885

*- _m-em-a-Wn-b-Ω-bp-sS- B-Zy-sØ- Im-hy-k-am-lm-cw-˛- Iq-∏p-ssI-

*- ]-Z-hn-bn-en-cn-s°- A-¥-cn-®,- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- a-¥n-˛- hn.-sI.-th-e-∏-≥

* -1921¬- \-S-∂- ]-Y-a- A-Jn-e- tI-c-f- tIm-¨-K-kv- k-tΩ-f-\--Øn¬- A-[y-£-X- h-ln-®-Xv-˛- Sn.- ]-Im-iw-

*- _m-e-N-µ-ta-t\m-s\- -c-Xv- A-hm¿-Un-\¿-l-\m-°n-b- Nn-Xw-˛- k-am-¥-c-ßƒ-

*- a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- Un-Pn-‰¬- kn-\n-a-˛- aq-∂m-a-sXm-cmƒ-

*- 1934¬- G-Xp-ÿ-e-Øp-sh-®m-Wv- Iu-ap-Zn- F-∂- s]-¨-Ip-ń- X-s‚- B-`-c-W-ßƒ-Km-‘n-Pn-bv-°p- \¬-In-b-Xv-˛- h-S-I-c-

* -tI-c-f-Øn-se- ]-£n- k-t¶-X-ßƒ-˛- X-t´-°m-Sv- ,-aw-K-f-h-\w-

* -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- h-\n-Xm- Nm-≥k-e¿-˛- tPym-Xn- sh-¶n-Sm-N-ew-

*- 1921se- a-e-_m¿- e-l-f- \-bn-®- ]-Wv-Un-X-≥˛- B-en- ap-k-en-bm¿-

*- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- in-ip- ku-lr-Z- ]-©m-b-Øv-˛- sh-ßm-\q¿-

* -1948¬- sIm-®n- \n-b-a-k-`-bp-sS- ]-Y-a- Xn-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´- kv-]o-°-dm-b-Xv-˛- F¬.-Fw.-ss]-en-

*- G-‰-hp-a-[n-Iw- A-¥m-cm-jv-S-_-lp-a-Xn-Iƒ- t\-Sn-b- C-¥y-≥ kn-\n-a-˛- ]n-d-hn-

*- Xn-c-°-Y-bv-°v- tZ-io-b- A-hm¿-Uv- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- a-e-bm-fn-˛- F-kv.-F¬.-]p-cw- k-Zm-\-µ-≥

* -1957 se- B-Zy- tI-c-f- a-¥n-k-`-bn-se- hy-h-km-b- a-¥n-˛- sI.-]n.-tKm-]m-e-≥

* -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- Im-gv-N-_w-•m-hv- ÿm-]n-°-s∏-´- h¿-jw-˛- 1857

* -1949 Pq-sse- H-∂n-\v- Xn-cp-˛-sIm-®n- kw-tbm-P-\w- \-S-°p-tºmƒ- sIm-®n-bn¬- ]-[m-\-a-¥n-bm-bn-cp-∂-Xv-˛- C-°-≠-hm-cy¿-

*- A-ø-\-Sn-Iƒ- Xn-cp-h-Sn-Iƒ- X-cn-km-∏-≈n-sN-t∏-Sv- F-gp-Xn-sIm-Sp-Ø- h¿-jw-˛- F.-Un.-849

* -a-ø-gn- Km-‘n- F-∂-dn-b-s∏- -Xv- - sF.-sI.-Ip-am-c-≥ am-Ã¿-

*- A-∏-≥ X-ºp-cm-≥ kv-am-c-Iw- F-hn--sS-bm-Wv-˛- A-ø-t¥mƒ-

*- a-ø-gn-bp-sS- tam-N-\-Øn-\m-bn- ]-h¿-Øn-®- kw-L-S-\-˛- am-ln- a-lm-P-\-k-`-

* -A- -∏m-Sn- G-Xv- Pn-√-bn-em-Wv- - ]m-e-°m-Sv-*- bp-K-]p-cp-j-≥ F-∂- kn-\n-a- B-cp-sS- Po-

hn-Xw- B-kv-]-Z-am-°n-bm-Wv-˛-io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-

*- tI-c-f-Øn-se- ]-£n-Iƒ- F-∂- ]p-kv-X-Iw- c-Nn-®-Xv-˛- sI.-sI.-\o-e-I-Wv-T-≥ (C-µp-Nq-V-≥)-

* -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- h-\n-Xm- K-h¿-W¿-˛- tPym-Xn- sh-¶n-Sm-N-ew-

*- B-Zn-hm-kn- m-j-bn¬- \n¿-an-®,- tI-c-f-Øn-

se- B-Zy-sØ- kn-\n-a-˛- Kp-U-*- A-´-∏m-Sn-bn¬-°q-Sn- H-gp-Ip-∂- \-Zn-˛- in-

cp-hm-Wn-* -a-´m-t©-cn-bn¬- b-lq-Z-∏-≈n- ÿm-]n-°-

s∏-´- h¿-jw-˛- 1567*- A-£-cw- c-Nn-®-Xv-˛- H.-F-≥.-hn.-*- A-©p-sX-ßn¬- tIm-´- \n¿-an-°m-≥ B-

‰n-ß¬- dm-Wn- Cw-•o-jp-Im-sc- A-\p-h-Zn-®-Xv- G-Xv- h¿-j-Øn¬-˛- F.-Un.-1684

*- 99se- sh-≈-s∏m-°w- F-∂- ]-kn-≤-am-b- sh-≈-s∏m-°w- D-≠m-b-sX-t∏mƒ- - 1924

*- A-º-e-a-Wn-Iƒ- c-Nn-®-Xv- - kp-K-X-Ip-am-cn-*- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-sI- \-Zn-Iƒ-˛-44*- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy- \n-b-a- k¿-h-I-em-

im-e-˛- \p-bm¬-kv-* -A-Ω- F-gp-Xn-b-Xv-˛- am-Iv-knw- tKm¿-°n-* -1957˛-se- C.-Fw.-F-kv.-a-¥n-`-bn-se- X-t±-

i-`-c-W- h-Ip-∏p-a-¥n-˛- ]n.-sI.-Nm-Ø-≥*- a-\p-jy-≥ a-X-ß-sf- kr-jv-Sn-®p- F-∂- Km-

\w- c-Nn-®-Xv-˛- h-b-em¿- cm-a-h¿-a-*- A-∏p-°n-fn- F-∂- I-Ym-]m-Xw- G-Xv- t\m-

h-en-em-Wv-˛- J-km-°n-s‚- C-Xn-lm-kw-*- A-·n-km-£n- c-Nn-®-Xv- - e-fn-Xmw-_n-I- A-

¥¿-P-\w-*- A¿-Pp-\- A-hm¿-Uv- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- a-e-

bm-fn-˛- kn.-_m-e-Ir-jv-W-≥*- a-e-_m¿- am-\z¬- c-Nn-®-Xv-˛- hn-eyw- tem-

K-≥*- a-¨-kq-¨- Im-‰p-I-fp-sS- K-Xn- I-≠p-]n-Sn-

®- ln-∏m-e-kv- tI-c-f-Øn¬- F-Øn-b- h¿-jw- ˛- F-Un-45

* -874 Zn-h-kw- sIm-≠v- a-lm-`m-c-Xw- a-e-bm-f-Øn-te-°v- ]-cn- m-j-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv- - sIm-Sp-ß-√q¿- Ip-™n-°p-´-≥ X-ºp-cm-≥

* -a-e-_m¿- I-em-]-Øn-\p-ti-jw- e-l-f-°m¿- -c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn- hm-gn-®-Xv- - B-en- ap-k-en-bm¿-

* -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy- \r-Xy-˛-\m-Sy- ]p-c-kv-Im-c-Øn-\v- A¿-l-bm-b-Xv-˛- I-em-a-Wv-U-ew- k-Xy-`m-a-

* Kp-P-dm-Øv- `q-I-º-Øn-s‚- ]-›m-Ø-e-Øn¬- C-d-ßn-b- a-e-bm-f- kn-\n-a- - Im-gv-N-

*- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy- ]-Xn-]-£-t\-Xm-hv-˛- ]n.-Sn.-Nm-t°m-

*- a-e-_m¿- I-em-]w- \-S-∂- h¿-jw-˛- 1921*- a-e-_m¿- kn-a-≥dv- ^m-Iv-S-dn- F-hn-sS-bm-

Wv-˛- hm-f-bm¿-*- tI-c-f-Øn-se- K-Ÿ-im-em- ]-ÿm-\-Øn-

\v- A-Sn-Ø-d-bn-´-Xv-˛- ]n-F-≥ ]-Wn-°¿-*- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy- ap-Jy-a-¥n-˛- C.-Fw.-

F-kv.-* -`m-kv-I-c- c-hn-h¿-a-≥ H-∂m-a-\p-am-bn- _-

‘-s∏-´- im-k-\w-˛- 1000 F.-Un-bn-se- Pq-X-im-k-\w-

*- _n-ó-jp-Im¿-s°-Xn-sc- \m-´p-Im¿- \-S-Øn-b- B-Zy-sØ- kw-L-Sn-X- I-em-]w-˛-B-‰n-ß¬- e-l-f-

* -`q-X-cm-b¿- c-Nn-®-Xv-˛- A-∏-≥ X-ºp-cm-≥* -]-hm-kn-I-fp-sS- Po-hn-Xw- B-kv-]-Z-am-°n-

_-\ym-an-≥ c-Nn-®- Ir-Xn-˛- B-Sp-Po-hn-Xw-* -]m-No-\- tI-c-f-Øn¬- ar-Xm-h-in-jv-S-ßƒ-

A-S-°w- sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂-Xv-˛- \-∂-ßm-Sn-I-fn¬-

* -a-e-_m¿- I-em-]w- A-c-tß-dn-b- Xm-eq-°v-

˛- G-d-\m-Sv-* -tI-c-f-Øn-se- a-ø-gn- G-Xv- hn-tZ-i-°-º-

\n-bp-sS- A-[-\n-th-i-]-tZ-i-am-bn-cp-∂p-˛-^-©v-

*- a-e-_m¿- I-f-Iv-S¿- sIm-t\m-fn- h-[n-°-s∏-´-Xv- G-Xv- h¿-j-Øn¬-˛- F.-Un.-1855

* -io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hn-s‚- am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ-˛- am-S-\m-im-\pw- Ip-ń-b-Ω-bpw-

*- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy- a-¥n-k-`-bn-se- d-h-\yq,- F-Iv-ssk-kv- a-¥n-˛- sI.-B¿.-Ku-cn-

* -io-aq-ew- ]-Pm-k- - ÿm-]n-X-am-b- h¿-jw-˛- 1904

* -^m-≥kn-kv-tIm- Un- A¬-sa-bv-U- (t]m¿-´p-Ko-kv-)- I-Æq-sc-Øn-b-Xv- G-Xv- h¿-j-Øn¬-˛- F.-Un.-1505

* a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- \n-»-_v-Z-kn-\n-a-˛- hn-K-X-Ip-am-c-≥

*- tI-c-f-Øn-se- ]-Y-a- I-ayq-Wn-Ãv- Fw.-F¬.-F.-˛- C.-tKm-]m-e--Ir-jv-W- ta-t\m-≥(1949)-

* -_n-ó-jp-Im¿- a-ø-gn- ssI-h-i-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv- G-Xv- h¿-j-Øn¬-˛- F.-Un.-1779

* -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy- _n-ó-jv- hn-cp-≤-I-em-]w-˛- B-‰n-ß¬- I-em-]w-(1721)-

* -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy- h-\n-Xm- ssh-kv-

Nm-≥k-e¿-˛-tUm.-Pm-≥kn- sP-bnw-kv-* -_n-ó-jp-Im¿- ]m-en-b-Ø-®-s\- sIm-®n-

bn¬-\n-∂v- \m-Sp-I-S-Øn-b-Xv- G-Xv- h¿-j-Øn¬-˛- F.-Un.-1809

* -]-Pm-a -Wv -U-e-Øn-s‚- ÿm-]-I-≥˛-hn.-B¿.-Ir-jv-W-s\-gp-Ø-—-≥

* -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- Iw-]yq-´¿-h-Xv-Ir-X- s]m-eo-kv- tÃ-j-\m-b- t]-cq¿-°-S-G-Xv- Pn-√-bn-em-Wv-˛-Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw-

* -kzm-X-¥y-k-a-c-N-cn-Xw- A-Sn-ÿm-\-am-°n- \n¿-an-®- tam-l-≥em¬- Nn-Xw-˛- Im-em-]m-\n-

* a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- I-f¿- kn-\n-a-˛- I-s≠- s_-®- tIm-´v-

* -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- K-Xm-K-X-˛-sXm-gn¬- h-Ip-∏p- a-¥n-˛- Sn.-hn.-tXm-a-kv-

* -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- k¿-°m¿- B-ip-]-Xn- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øv- ]-h¿-Ø-\-am-cw- n-®-Xv- G-Xv- h¿-j-Øn¬- - F.-Un.-1864

*- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- km-aq-ln-I-t£-a- kw-L-S-\-bm-b- s]m-∂m-\n- Du-\-Øn¬-C-kv-emw- k-`- kv-Ym-]n-X-am-b-Xv- G-Xv- h¿-j-Øn¬-˛- F.-Un.-1900

* -tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- kz-Im-cy- sa-Un-°¬- tIm-tf-Pv-˛- Sn.-Un.-sa-Un-°¬- tIm-tf-Pv,- B-e-∏p-g-

*- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- lr-Z-b-am-‰- i-kv-X-In-b-bv-°p- t\-Xr-Xzw- \¬-In-b-Xv-˛-tPm-kv- Nm-t°m- s]-cn-b-∏p-dw-

*- Ip-Ωm-ń- F-∂- a-e-bm-f- Nn-Xw- kw-hn-[m-\w- sN-bv-X-Xv-˛- Pn.-A-c-hn-µ-≥

*- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy- a-¥n-k- -bn¬- ap-≥ -c-W-]-cn-N-bw- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂- G-I- hy-‡n-˛- tUm.-F.-B¿.-ta-t\m-≥

* -H-cp- kv-Xo- t]m-epw- A-`n-\-bn-°m-Ø- a-e-bm-f- N-e-®n-Xw-˛- a-Xn-ep-Iƒ-

2014 P\p-hcn- 15 ]nFkvkn _p≈¡n≥ 13

14 ]nFkvkn _p≈¡n≥ 2014 P\p-hcn- 15

* -tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- P-e-tk-N-\- ]-≤-Xn-˛- I-√-S-

*- tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- tIm- - - t_-°¬-

* tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- kn-\n-am-Ãp-Un-tbm-˛- D-Z-b-(B-e-∏p-g-)-

*- a-e-_m¿- kv-s]-jy¬- s]m-eo-kn-s‚- B-ÿm-\w-˛- a-e-∏p-dw-

*- a-e-_m-dn-se- B-Zy- P-e-ssh-Zyp-X-]-≤-Xn-˛- Ip-‰ym-Sn-

*- tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- Im-b¬-˛-th-º-\m-Sv-

* -\-S-\p-≈- tZ-io-b- A-hm¿-Uv- B-Zy-am-bn-t\-Sn-b- a-e-bm-fn-˛- ]n.-sP.-B-‚-Wn-

*- tI-c-f-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-em-bn- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂- ]-£n-˛- Im-°-

*- a-e-bm-f- hym-I-c-W-sa-gp-Xn-b- B-Zy-sØ-In-kv-Xy-≥ an-j-\-dn-˛- B-Rv-P-tem- ^m-≥kn-kv- sa-Xm-≥

*- tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- a-g-°m-Sv-˛-ssk-e-‚ v- hm-en-

* -a-e-bm-fw- G-Xp-`m-jm-tKm-X-Øn¬-s∏-Sp-∂p-˛- Zm-hn-Uw-

* -tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- q-K¿- -ssh-Zyp-Xn-\n-e-bw-˛- aq-e-a-‰w-

*- \yq-kv- t]-∏¿- t_m-bv- F-∂- a-e-bm-f- kn-\n-a- kw-hn-[m-\w- sN-bv-X-Xv- - ]n.-cmw-Zm-kv-

* -tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- ip-≤-P-e-X-Sm-Iw-˛- im-kv-Xmw-tIm-´-

*- a-e-bm-f-`m-j-bn¬- D-≠m-b- B-Zy-sØ- K-Zy-Ir-Xn-˛- `m-jm-Iu-S-eo-bw-

*- tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- `q-ta-J-e-˛- C-S-\m-Sv-

*- a-e-ºp-g- A-W-s°-´v- G-Xv- h-Ip-∏n-s‚-ta¬-t\m-´-Øn-em-Wv-˛- P-e-tk-N-\w-

*- tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- B¿-°n-tbm-f-Pn-°¬- ayq-kn-bw-˛- Xr-∏q-Wn-Øp-d-ln¬- ]m-e-kv-

*- cm-jv-S-]-Xn-bp-sS- kz¿-W-sa-U¬- t\-Sn-b-B-Zy- a-e-bm-f-Nn-Xw-˛- sN-Ωo-≥

*- a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- i-_v-Z-kn-\n-a-˛- _m-e-≥

*- ]n-d-hn- F-∂- N-e-®n-X-Øn-s‚- kw-hn-[m-b-I-≥˛- jm-Pn- F-≥.-I-cp-¨-

* -a-e-bm-f-Øn¬- A-®-Sn-®- B-Zy-sØ- ]p-kv-X-Iw-˛- kw-t£-]-th-Zm¿-Yw-

* -tI-c-f-Øn¬- G-Xp- q-]-tZ-i-Øn-em-Wv- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- P-\-km-µ-X-bp-≈-Xv-˛- Xo-c-]-tZ-iw-

*- a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- a-lm-Im-hy-am-b- cm-a-N-µ-hn-em-kw- c-Nn-®-Xm-cv-˛- A-g-I-Øv- ]-Zv-a-\m-`-°p-dp-∏v-

*- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- k-º-q¿WssPh Kmaw˛ DSpº∂q¿ (CSp°n Pn√)

* aebmfØns‚ BZnIhn F∂phntijn∏n°s∏´Xv˛ Nocma≥

* 2007se ⁄m\]oTØn\¿l\mbaebmf kmlnXyImc≥˛HF≥hnIpdp∏v

*- -B-Zy-sØ- h-≈-tØmƒ- A-hm¿-Un-\¿-l-

\m-b-Xv-˛- ]m-em- \m-cm-b-W-≥ \m-b¿-* -a-Kv-k-tk- A-hm¿-Uv- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy-sØ,-

C-¥y-≥ ]u-c-\m-b- a-e-bm-fn-˛- h¿-Ko-kv-

Ip-cy-≥* -a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- B-Zy- I-hn-X-˛- cm-a-N-cn-

Xw- ]m-´v-* -a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- e-£-W-sam-

Ø- t\m-h-em-b- C-µp-te-J- H- N-¥p-ta-t\m-≥ ]-kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv- G-Xv- h¿-j-Øn¬-˛- F.-Un.-1889

*- A¬-t^m-≥tkm- A¬-_p-°¿-°v- t]m¿-´p-Ko-kv- ssh-tkm-bn- G-Xv- h¿-j-Øn¬-˛- F.-Un.-1509

*- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy- D-]-ap-Jy-a-¥n- - B¿.-i-¶¿-

*- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy- h-\n-Xm- No-^v- sk-I-´-dn-˛-]-flm- cm-a-N-µ-≥

*- A-b¬-°m¿- F-∂- t\m-h¬- c-Nn-®-Xv- - tI-i-h-tZ-hv-

*- a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- bm-Xm-hn-h-c-W-K-Ÿ-am-b- h¿-Ø-am-\- ]p-kv-X-Iw- c-Nn-®-Xv-˛- ]m-d-Ωm-°¬- tXm-am-°-Ø-\m¿-

*- A-bn-Ø-Øn-s\-Xn-sc- C-¥y-bn¬- \-S-∂-B-Zy- kw-L-Sn-X-k-a-cw-˛- ssh-°w- k-Xy-K-lw-

*- a-bq-c-k-tµ-iw- c-Nn-®-Xv-˛- tI-c-f-h¿-a- h-en-b-tIm-bn-Ø-ºp-cm-≥

*- a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- Hm-Un-tbm-t\m-h¬-˛- C-Xm-sW-s‚- t]-cv- (k-°-dn-b-c-Nn-®p-)-

*- B-Zy-sØ- F-gp-Ø-—-≥ ]p-c-kv-Im-c-Øn-\¿-l-\m-b-Xv-˛- iq-c-\m-Sv- Ip-™-≥ ]n-≈-

* -a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- hn-em-]- Im-hyw- - H-cp- hn-em-]w- (kn.-F-kv.-kp-_-a-Wy-≥ t]m-‰n-)-

*- A-cp-hn-∏p-dw- hn-π-hw- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´-Xv-˛-io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hn-s≥d- in-h-enw-K-]-Xn-jv-T-

*- B-Zy-sØ- h-b-em¿- A-hm¿-Uv- t\-Sn-b-Xv-˛- e-fn-Xmw-_n-I- A-¥¿--P-\w-

*- a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- cm-jv-So-b- \m-S-Iw-˛- ]m-´-_m-°n-

*- A-d-_n-hym-]m-cn- kp-sse-am-s‚- tI-c-f- k-µ¿-i-\w- G-Xp- h¿-j-Øn¬-˛- F.-Un.-851

*- a-d-°p-S-bv-°p-≈n-se- a-lm-\-c-Iw- c-Nn-®-Xm-cv-˛- Fw.-B¿.-_n.-

* -a-e-_m¿- _n-ó-jv- `-c-W-Øn-≥ Io-gn-em-b- h¿-jw-˛- 1792

* -a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- sN-dn-b- a-lm-Im-hyw-˛- tI-i-ho-bw- (sI.-kn.-tI-i-h-]n-≈-bp-sS-)-

*- a-e-bm-f-Øn-se,- ]-Ir-Xn-bp-sS- I-hn- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´-Xv-˛- C-S-t»-cn-

*- A-Jn-e- tI-c-f- _m-e-P-\- k-Jyw- cq-]-h-Xv-I-cn-®-Xv-˛- sI.-kn.- am--Ω-≥ am-∏n-f-

*- a-lm-`m-c-X-Øn-se- ò-a-s‚- hn-Nm-c-ßƒ-A-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂- Fw.-Sn.-bp-sS- Ir-Xn-˛- c-≠m-aq-gw-

*- a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- N-cn-Xm-Jym-bn-I-˛- am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a-

*- A-lm¿-Uv-kv- G-Xp- ]-tZ-i-Øn-s‚- hn-I-k-\-hp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-´- ]-≤-Xn-bm-Wv-˛-A-´-∏m-Sn-

*- a-lm-Xv-am-Km-\v-[n- k¿-h-I-em-im-e-bp-sS-B-kv-Ym-\w-˛- A-Xn-c-ºp-g-bn-se- ]n-b-Z¿-in-\n- ln¬-kv-

*- B-Zy-sØ- Hm-S-°p-g¬- A-hm¿-Uv- t\-Sn-b-Xv-˛- sh-Æn-°p-fw- tKm-]m-e-°p-dp-∏v-

*- am-\-hn-I-a-tZ-h-≥ km-aq-Xn-cn-bp-sS- k-Z- n-s\- A-e-¶-cn-®n-cp-∂- ]-Xn-s\-´-c-°-hn-I-fn¬- A-c-°-hn- F-∂-dn-b-s∏- -Xv- - ]p-\w-\-ºq-Xn-cn-

*- am-\-th-Z-≥ F-∂- km-aq-Xn-cn- cm-Pm-hv- cq-]w- \¬-In-b- I-em-cq-]w-˛- Ir-jv-W-\m-´w-

*- am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a- F-∂- t\m-h-se-gp-Xn-b-Xv-˛- kn.-hn.-cm-a-≥ ]n-≈-

*- a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- tIm-f-an-Ãv-˛-Un.-kn.-In-g-t°-ap-dn-

*- am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a- U-®p-Im-sc- tXm¬-]n-®- bp-≤w-˛- Ip-f-®¬- (1741)-

*- am-¶p-fw- hn-jv-Wp-\-ºq-Xn-cn- G-Xv- I-em-cq-]-hp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p-˛- I-Y-I-fn-

*- am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a- A-¥-cn-®-Xv- G-Xv- h¿-j-Øn¬-˛-F.-Un.-1758

*- tI-c-f- ]-X-]-h¿-Ø-I- bq-Wn-b-≥ ]-kn-U-‚m-bn-cp-∂- I-hn- - F-≥.-hn.-Ir-jv-W-hm-cy¿-

* -a-e-bm-f- a-t\m-c-a- ]-X-Øn-s‚- k-Ym-]-I-≥˛- I-≠-Øn¬- h-dp--Ko-kv- am-∏n-f-

*- am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬- `-c-W-ta-‰- h¿-jw-˛- 1729

*- am¿-t°m- t]m-tfm- tI-c-f-Øn-se-Øn-b-h¿-jw-˛- 1292

*- am-b-∂q¿- ]m-ew- tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-sX-√mw-Pn-√-I-sf-Ø-Ωn-em-Wv- _-‘n-∏n-°p-∂-Xv-˛- Xr-»q-cpw- ]m-e-°m-Spw-

*- am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a- Xr-∏-Sn-Zm-\w- \-S-Øn-b- h¿-jw-˛- 1750

* -am-am-¶-sØ-°p-dn-®v- hn-i-Z-am-bn- ]-Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂- Ir-Xn-bm-Wv- am-am-¶w- In-fn-∏m-´v.-C-Xv- c-Nn-®-Xm-cv-˛- Im-Sm-t©-cn- \-ºq-Xn-cn-

*- am-en- F-∂- km-ln-Xy-Im-c-s‚- b-Ym¿-Y-t]-cv-˛- am-[-h-≥\m-b¿- -

*- am-en-Iv-_n-≥ Zn-\m¿- tI-c-f-Øn¬- ]-≈n-Iƒ- ]-Wn-Xv- C-…mw-a-Xw- kv-Ym-]n-®- h¿-jw-˛-F.-Un.-644

*- am-ln-jv-a-Xn-bn¬-h-®v- i-¶-cm-Nm-cy¿- hm-Z-]-Xn-hm-Z-Øn¬- tXm¬-]n-®- ao-amw-k-I-≥˛- a-Wv-U-\-an-i-≥

*- ap-f-¶m-Sp-Iƒ-°v- ]-kn-≤-am-b- a-e-∏p-dw- Pn-√-bn-se- ÿ-ew-˛- \n-e-ºq¿-

*- ap-Ip-µ-am-e- c-Nn-®-Xv-˛- Ip-e-ti-J-c- B-gv-hm¿-

*- a-e-bm-fn- sa-tΩm-dn-b¬- io-aq-ew- Xn-cp-\mƒ- cm-Pm-hn-\p- k-a¿-∏n-°-s∏-´- h¿-jw-˛-1891

*- a -e-bm-fn -bm-b- kn. -_m-e-Ir-jv -W-\v -1965˛¬- A¿-Pp-\- A-hm¿-Uv- t\-Sn-s°m-Sp-Ø- Im-bn-I- C-\w-˛- ]¿-h-Xm-tcm-l-Ww-

*- A-Xp-e-≥ B-cp-sS- k-Z-ky-\m-bn-cp-∂p-˛-h-√-`-≥ c-≠m-a-≥

* -ayq-d¬- ]-tKm-U- F-∂p- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂- sIm-´m-cw-˛- ]-Zv-a-\m-`-]p-cw-

*- B-[p-\n-I- Im-e-sØ- A-¤p-X- kw-`-hw-F-∂v- Km-‘n-Pn- hn-ti-jn-∏n-®-Xv-˛- t£-X-]-th-i-\- hn-fw-_-cw-

*- B-\-°q-Sn-\v- ]-kn-≤-am-b- ÿ-ew-˛- tIm-∂n-

*- tI-c-f-Z¿-∏-Ww,-tI-c-f- ]-Xn-I,- a-e-bm-fn-F-∂o- ]-kn-≤o-I-c-W-ß-fn¬- F-gp-Xp-tºmƒ- sI.-cm-a-Ir-jv-W]n-≈- D-]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂- Xq-en-Im-\m-aw-˛- tI-c-f-≥

*- U¬-ln-bn¬- ln-µp-ÿm-≥ ssSw-kv- F-∂- ]-Xw- B-cw-`n-®- tI-c-fo-b-≥˛- k¿-Zm¿-sI.-Fw.-]-Wn-°¿-

*- F-kv.-F-≥.-Un.-]n.- tbm-K-Øn-s‚- ap-J-]-X-am-bn-cp-∂- ]-kn-≤o-I-c-Ww- - hn-th-tIm-Z-bw-

*- B-\-ap-Sn-bp-sS- D-b-cw- - 2695 ao.- (8841 A-Sn-)-*- b-£n- F-∂- t\m-h¬- c-Nn-®-Xv-˛- a-e-bm-

‰q¿- cm-a-Ir-jv-W-≥*- B-bp¿-th-Z- Nn-In¬-km-co-Xn- e-`y-am-°n-

bn-´p-≈- C-¥y-bn-se- G-I- am-\-kn-Im-tcm-Ky-tI-µw-˛- tIm-´-bv-°¬-

*- B-cp-sS- \m-hn-I- tk-\m-ta-[m-hn-bm-bn-cp-∂p- Ip-™m-en- a-c-bv-°m¿-˛- km-aq-Xn-cn-

*- B-d-∑p-f- I-Æm-Sn- \n¿-an-°m-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂- ]-Zm¿-Yw-˛- tem-l-h-kv-Xp-°ƒ-

*- B-e-∏p-g- Pn-√-bn¬- ]m-No-\-Im-e-Øp-≠m-bn-cp-∂- _p-≤-a-X-tI-µw- - io-aq-e-hm-kw-

*- B-gv-hm-t©-cn- X-ºm-°-fp-sS- B-ÿm-\w-˛- Xn-cp-\m-hm-b-bv-°v- A-Sp-Øp-≈- B-X-h-\m-Sv- Km-aw-

* -B-jm-ta-t\m-≥ F-∂- Xq-en-Im-\m-a-Øn¬-A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-˛- sI.-io-Ip-am¿-

*- b-lq-Z¿- tI-c-f-Øn¬- h-∂- h¿-jw-˛- F.-Un.-68

* -bp.-Pn.-kn.-ssh-kv- sN-b¿-am-\m-b- B-Zy-a-e-bm-fn-˛- hn.-F-≥.-cm-P-ti-J-c-≥ ]n-≈-

*- B-cp-sS- ]-kw-K-Øn¬- \n-∂m-Wv- 1959se-hn-tam-N-\-k-a-c-Øn-\v- B- t]-cp- e-`n-®-Xv-˛-]-\-ºn-≈n- tKm-hn-µ-ta-t\m-≥

*- B-cp-sS- B-fl-l-Xy-bn¬- a-\w-s\m-¥m-

Wv- N-ß-ºp-g- c-a-W-≥ c-Nn-®-Xv-˛- C-S-∏-≈n- cm-L-h-≥]n-≈-

*- C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy- C-t°m-˛-Sq-dn-kw- ]-≤-Xn-˛- sX-∑-e-

* -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- d-∫¿- ]m¿-°v-˛-s]-cp-ºm-hq-cn-\-Sp-Øv- sF-cm-]p-cw-

*- tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- ]-g-°-ap-≈- ]-Xw-˛- Zo-]n-I-

* -1905¬- kz-tZ-im-`n-am-\n- ]-Xw- B-cw-`n-®-Xv-˛- h-°w- au-e-hn-

*- tI-c-f- Iu-ap-Zn- ]-Xw- B-cw-`n-®-Xv-˛- sI.-kp-Ip-am-c-≥

*- C-¥y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn- I¿-j¿-°m-bn- tI-c-f- k¿-°m¿- A-h-X-cn-∏n-®- s]-≥j-≥ ]-≤-Xn-bp-sS- t]-cv-˛- In-km-≥ A-`n-am-≥

*- B-Zy-sØ- a-e-bm-f- ]-Xw- - cm-Py-k-am-Nm-cw-

*- B-cp-sS- a-c-W-Øn¬- A-\p-tim-Nn-®p-sIm-

≠m-Wv- Ip-am-c-\m-im-≥ ]-tcm-Z-\w- c-Nn-®-Xv-˛- F.-B¿.-cm-P-cm-P-h¿-a-

*- B-Zy-sØ- kw-ÿm-\- h-\n-X- I-Ωn-j-≥A-[y-£-˛-kp-K-X-Ip-am-cn-

*- B-Zy-sØ- Xn-cp-˛-sIm-®n- a-¥n-k-`-bv-°p-t\-Xr-Xzw- \¬-In-b-Xv-˛- ]-d-hq¿- Sn.-sI.-\m-cm-b-W-]n-≈-

*- C.-Fw.-F-kv.-B-Zy-sØ- tI-c-f- ap-Jy-a-¥n-bm-bn- A-[n-Im-c-ta-‰- Xo-b-Xn-˛- 1957 G-]n¬- 5

*- C-Sp-°n- Pn-√-bn¬- C-t¥m- -kzn-kv- t]m-P-Iv-Sv- ÿm-]n-°-s∏- - ÿ-ew- - am- p-s∏- n-

*- cm-tP-µ-tNm-f-s‚- tI-c-fm-I-a-Ww- G-Xv-h¿-j-Øn¬˛- F.-Un.-1019

*- -c-≠mw- ]-g-»n- I-em-]w- G-Xv- h¿-j-Øn¬-˛- F.-Un.-1800˛-1805

*- -C.-sI.-\m-b-\m-cp-sS- ]q¿-W-\m-aw-˛- G-d-ºm-e- Ir-jv-W-≥ \m-b-\m¿-

*- -B-Zy-sØ- A-Jn-e- tI-c-f- tIm-¨-K-kv-k-tΩ-f-\-Øn-\p- th-Zn-bm-b-Xv-˛- H-‰-∏m-ew-(1921)-

*- -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- hy-h-lm-c- hn-ap-‡- ]-©m-b-Øv-˛- h-c-hq¿-

*- -cm-P-cm-P-tNm-f-≥ tI-c-f-am-I-an-®- h¿-jw-˛- F.-Un.-1000

*- c-m-Pm-tI-i-h-Zm-k-s≥d- a-c-Ww- G-Xv- h¿-j-Øn¬-˛- F.-Un.-1799

*- -C-¥y-≥ \m-j-W¬- tIm-¨-K-kn¬- Aw-K-Xz-sa-Sp-Ø- B-Zy-sØ- a-e-bm-fn-˛- Pn.-]n.-]n-≈-

*- -B-Zy-sØ- a-e-bm-f- t\m-h¬- - C-µp-te-J-*- -]-X-]-h¿-Ø-\-sØ- A-[n-I-cn-®v- a-e-bm-

f-Øn-ep-≠m-b- B-Zy- Ir-Xn-˛- hr-Øm-¥-]-X-]-h¿-Ø-\w-

*- -a-e-bm-f-a-t\m-c-a-bp-sS- kv-Ym-]-I-≥ - I-≠-Øn¬- h-dp-Ko-kv- am-∏n-f-

*- -C-¥y-≥ sS-e-t^m-¨- C-≥U-kv-So-kv- ]m-e-°m-Sv- Pn-√-bn¬- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-˛- I-©n-t°m-Sv-

*- -am-S-ºv- Ip-™p-°p-´-s≥d- b-Ym¿-Y- t]-cv-˛- ]n- i-¶-c-≥\-ºq-Xn-cn-

*- -ap-\n-b-d-Iƒ-°p- ]-kn-≤-am-b- ÿ-ew-˛- a-d-bq¿-

*- -a-e-bm-fw- A-®-Sn-°m-≥ tI-c-f-Øn¬- B-Zy-am-bn- ]- v- ÿm-]n-®-sX-hn-sS-bm-Wv-˛-

2014 P\p-hcn- 15 ]nFkvkn _p≈¡n≥ 15

tIm-´-bw-*- -A-h-≥ ho-≠pw- h-cp-∂p- c-Nn-®-Xm-cv-˛- kn.-

sP.-tXm-a-kv-*- -hn-em-kn-\n- F-gp-Xn-b- A-h-Im-in-Iƒ- F-

∂- t\m-h-en-s‚- ]-›m-Ø-ew- G-Xp- cm-Pyw-˛- a-te-jy-

*- -A-h-km-\-sØ- Ip-e-ti-J-c- N-I-h¿-Øn-˛- cm-a-h¿-a- Ip-e-ti-J-c-≥

*- -tI-k-cn - ]-X-Øn-s‚- ÿm-]- -I-≥˛-

_m-e-Ir-jv-W-]n-≈-*- -tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- B-ÿm-\-am-bn- 1923¬- B-

cw-`n-®- ]-Xw-˛- am-Xr-`q-an-*- -C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- a-W¬- A-

W-s°-´v- ˛- _m-Wm-kp-c-km-K¿-*- -a-I-c-s°m-bv-Øv- c-Nn-®-Xv- -ssh-tem-∏n-≈n-*- aq-eq¿- kv-am-c-Iw- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- - C-e-hpw-

Xn-´-*- aq-jn-I-hw-i-Øn¬- ]-cm-a¿-in-°-s∏-Sp-∂-

tI-c-f-Øn-se- ÿ-ew-˛- tIm-e-Øp-\m-Sv-*- C-¥y-bn¬- (sIm-®n- cm-Py-Øv-)- A-hn-izm-

k-]-ta-bw- h-gn- ]p-d-Øp-t]m-b- B-Zy-sØ-Xn-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´- a-¥n-˛- tUm.-F.-B¿.-ta-t\m-≥

*- C-¥y-bn¬- C-Yw-]-Y-a-am-bn- H-cp- h-\n-X-sb- \m-a-\n¿-tZ-iw- sN-bv-Xv- Aw-K-am-°n-b- \n-b-a-k-`- G-Xm-bn-cp-∂p-˛- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿-

*- cm-Pm-tI-i-h-Zm-kv- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- Zn-hm-\m-b-Xv- G-Xv- h¿-j-Øn¬-˛- F.-Un.-1789

*- Zo-]n-I- am-∂m-\-Øp-\n-∂p- (tIm-´-bw-)- ]-kn-≤o-I-c-W-am-cw-`-`n-®-Xv- G-Xv- h¿-j-Øn¬-˛- F.-Un.- 1887

*- C-Sp-°n- Pn-√-bp-sS- B-ÿm-\w- - ss]-\m-hv-*- cm-Py-k-`m- D-]m-[y-£-\m-b- B-Zy- a-e-bm-

fn-˛- Fw.-Fw.-tP-°-∫v-*- cm-Py-k-`mw-K-am-b- B-Zy- tI-c-fo-b- h-\n-

X-˛- `m-c-Xn- D-Z-b-`m-\p-*- a-e-bm-f-a-t\m-c-a- ]-Xw- ]-kn-≤o-I-c-W-

am-cw- n-®-Xv- G-Xv- h¿-j-Øn¬- - F.-Un.-1890*- cm-Py- k-am-Nm-cw- ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®p- Xp-S-

ßn-b- h¿-jw-˛- 1847*- c-≠mw- _¿-tZm-fn-sb-∂-dn-b-s∏-´- ÿ-ew-

˛- ]-ø-∂q¿-*- C-t¥m- -t\m¿-ho-Pn-b-≥ n-j-do-kv- I-Ωyp-

Wn-‰n-t]m-P-Iv-Sv- \-S-∏m-°n-b- ÿ-ew-˛-\o-≠-I-c-

*- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- A-¥m-cm-jv-S-hn-am-\-Øm-h-fw-˛-Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw-

*- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-se- B-Zy- sd-bn¬-th-sse-≥˛- sIm-√w-˛-Xn-cp-s\¬-th-en-(1904)-

*- C-t∏m-g-sØ- tI-c-f- sk-I-t´-dn-b-‰v- a-µn-cw- D-Zv-Lm-S-\w- sN-ø-s∏-´- h¿-jw-˛-1869

*- C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- So- ayq-kn-bw-˛- aq-∂m¿- tI-c-f- So- ayq-kn-bw-

* -C-µp-te-J- c-Nn-®-Xm-cv-˛- H.-N-¥p-ta-t\m-≥*- c-a-W-≥ c-Nn-®-Xv-˛- N-ß-ºp-g-*- cm-a-cm-Pm- _-lm-Zq¿- c-Nn-®-Xv-˛- kn.-hn.-cm-

a-≥]n-≈-*- cm-a-N-cn-X-am-\-kw- a-e-bm-f-Øn¬- hn-h¿-

Ø-\w- sN-bv-X-Xv-˛- sh-Æn-°p-fw- tKm-]m-e-°p-dp-∏v-

*- cm-jv-S-]-Xn- ]-Y-a- C.-Fw.-F-kv- a-¥n-k- -sb- ]n-cn-®p-hn- - Xo-b-Xn- -1959 Pq-sse- 31

* -Cw-•o-jp-Im¿- X-e-t»-cn-bn¬- tIm-´- \n¿-an-®-Xv- G-Xv- h¿-j-Øn¬-˛- F.-Un.-1708

*- tI-c-f- C-≥Ãn-‰yq-´v- Hm-^v- tem-°¬- A-Uv-an-\n-kv-tS-j-≥ F-hn-sS-≠-bm-Wv-˛- ap-f-¶p-∂-Øp-Im-hv-

*- C-Sp-°n-bn¬- ssh-Zyp-tXm¬-]m-Z-\w- B-cw-`n-®- h¿-jw-˛- 1976

* -Cw-•o-jv- Cu-Ãn-¥ym-°-º-\n-°v- th-Wm-ń¬- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂- G-‰-hpw- ]-[m-\-s∏-´-]-≠-I-»m-e-˛- A-©p-sX-ßv-

*- D-Ø-cm-kz-bw-h-cw- B-´-°-Y- F-gp-Xn-b-Xv-˛- C-c-bn-Ω-≥ X-ºn-

*- tI-c-f-Øn¬- H-cp- sd-bn¬-th- tÃ-j-≥ am-X-ap-≈- Pn-√-˛- ]-Ø-\w-Xn-´-

*- D-Æm-bn- hm-cy¿- kv-am-c-I-I-em-\n-e-bw- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-˛- C-cn-ßm-e-°p-S-

* -D-Ωm-®p- c-Nn-®-Xv-˛- D-dq-_v-*- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- sd-bn¬-th- sse-

≥˛- Xn-cq¿-˛-t_-∏q¿-*- D-dq-_n-s‚- b-Ym¿-Y- t]-cv-˛- ]n.-kn.-Ip-ń-

Ir-jv-W-≥*- F-s‚- k¿-ho-kv- tÃm-dn-˛- B-cp-sS- B-

fl-I-Y-bm-Wv-˛- a-e-bm-‰q¿- cm-a-Ir-jv-W-≥* -Fw- kn- tdm-Un-s≥d- ]-Wn- Xo¿-∂-Xv- G-

Xv- h¿-j-Øn¬-˛- F.-Un.-1877*- Cu-iz-c-≥ ln-µp-h-√,- In-kv-Xym-\n-b-√- F-

∂- Km-\w- c-Nn-®-Xv-˛- h-b-em¿- cm-a-h¿-a-* -C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- I-≠¬- K-th-j-W-

tI-µw- - B-bn-cw- sX-ßv- (sIm-√w- Pn-√-)-*- C-¥y-bn-se- H-tc-sbm-cp- tX-°v- ayq-kn-bw-

F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-˛- \n-e-ºq¿-*- sa-bn-≥ sk-≥S¬- tdm-Uv- X-Ωn¬- _-‘n-

∏n-°p-∂-Xv-˛-Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw-˛- A-¶-am-en-*- C-¥y-bp-sS- B-sI- hn-kv-Xo-≠¿-W-Øn-

s‚- F-X- i-X-am-\-am-Wv- tI-c-fw-˛- 1.-18*- C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- P-e-ayq-kn-bw- - Ip-

∂-aw-K-ew-*- Fw.-]n.-`-´-Xn-cn-∏m-Sn-s‚- Xq-en-Im-\m-aw-˛-

t]w-Pn- -*- tZ-io-b- P-e-]m-X-˛-3 G-sXm-s°- ÿ-e-

ß-sf- _-‘n-∏n-°p-∂p- - tIm- -∏p-dw- - sIm-√w-

*- Fw.-Pn.-k¿-h-I-em-im-e- ssh-kv- Nm-≥k-e-dm-bn-cp-∂- ⁄m-\-]o-T-tP-Xm-hv- ˛-bp.-B¿.-A-\-¥-aq¿-Øn-

*- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- ]m-h-iyw- tI-c-fw- k-µ¿-in-®- a-[y-Im-e- A-d-_n- k-©m-cn-˛- C-_v-≥ _-Øq-Ø-

*- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Im-ew- tI-c-f- K-h¿-W-dm-b-Xv-˛- hn.-hn-iz-\m-Y-≥

*- G-jym-Un¬- hy-‡n-K-X- C-\-Øn¬- kz¿-Ww- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- a-e-bm-fn- h-\n-X-˛- Fw.-Un.-h¬-k-Ω-(1982)-

*- G-sX-√mw- `m-j-Iƒ- tN¿-∂-Xm-Wv- a-Wn-]-hm-fw-˛- a-e-bm-f-hpw- kw-kv-Ir-X-hpw-

*- G-Xp- \-Zn-bn-em-Wv- Ip-dp-h-Zzo-]v-˛- I-_-\n-*- tI-c-f-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- hm-l-\-

ßƒ- c-Pn-Ã¿- sN-ø-s∏-ń-´p-≈- Pn-√-˛- F-d-Wm-Ip-fw-

* -C-Sp-°n- Pn-√-bn-se- G-I- ap-\n-kn-∏m-en-‰n-˛- sXm-Sp-]p-g-

*- tI-c-f-Øn¬- B-Zy-am-bn- Im-em-h-[n- ]q¿-Øn-bm-°n-b- \n-b-a-k-`-˛-\m-emw- \n-b-a-k-`- (1970˛-77)-

*- tI-c-f- C-≥em-≥Uv- \m-hn-tK--j-≥ tIm¿-∏-td-j-s‚- B-ÿm-\w-˛- sIm-®n-

*- G-Xp- \-Zn-bp-sS- Xo-c-Øm-Wv- io-\m-cm-b-

W-Kp-cp- A-cp-hn-∏p-dw- in-h-]-Xn-jv-T- \-S-Øn-b-Xv-˛- s\-øm¿-

* -s\-Sp-ºm-t»-cn- hn-am-\-Øm-h-fw- G-Xp- Pn-√-bn¬-˛- F-d-Wm-Ip-fw-

*- Fw.-sI.- ta-t\m-s‚- Xq-en-Im- \m-aw-˛- hn-em-kn-\n-

*- kp-]ow- tIm-S-Xn-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- a-e-bm-fn- P-Uv-Pn-˛- ]m-d-°p-f-ß-c- tKm-hn-µ-ta-t\m-≥

*- tI-c-f- am¿-Iv-kv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´-Xv-˛- sI.-Zm-tam-Z-c-≥

*- tI-c-f- an-\-d¬-kv- B-‚ v- sa-‰¬-kv- en-an-‰-Uv- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-˛- N-h-d-

*- km-aq -Xn -cn -am¿- tc-h-Xn - ]-´ -Øm-\w

\-S-Øn-bn-cp-∂- ÿ-ew-˛- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- X-fn- t£-Xw-

*- c-≠mw- tN-c-km-am-Py-Øn-s‚- X-e-ÿm-\w-˛- Xn-cp-h-©n-°p-fw-

*- C-Sp-°n- ]-≤-Xn-bp-sS- ÿm-]n-X-ti-jn-˛-780 sa-Km-hm-´v-

*- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- m-j-I-fn-te-°v- sam-gn-am-‰w- sN-ø-s∏-ń-´p-≈- a-e-bm-f- t\m-h¬-˛- sN-Ωo-≥

*- G-Xp- a-e-Iƒ-°n-S-bn-em-Wv- C-Sp-°n- A-W-s°-´v-˛- Ip-d-h-≥˛-Ip-d-Øn- a-e-Iƒ-

*- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- d-_-ssd-kv-Uv-tdm-Uv-˛- tIm-´-bw-˛-Ip-a-fn-

*- G-Xp- D-S-º-Sn- ]-Im-c-am-Wv- _n- o-jp-Im¿-°v- Sn-∏p-hn¬-\n-∂v- a-e-_m¿- e- n-®-Xv- - io-cw-K-]-´-Ww- D-S-º-Sn-

*- G-Xp- h¿-jw- s]-cn-bm-dn-ep-≠m-b- sh-≈-s∏m-°-am-Wv- sIm-Sp-ß-√q¿- Xp-d-ap-J-Øn-s‚- \m-i-Øn-\p- Im-c-W-am-b-Xv-˛- 1341

*- c-≠mw- tN-c-km-am-Py-Øn-s‚- ÿm-]-I-≥˛- Ip-e-ti-J-c-h¿-a-

*- G-Xp- Im-b¬- A-d-_n-°-S-ep-am-bn- tbm-Pn-°p-∂n-S-Øm-Wv- \o-≠-I-c- A-gn-˛- A-jv-S-ap-Sn-°m-b¬-

*- G-Xp- i-X-I-Øn-em-Wv- In-kv-Xy-≥ an-j-\-dn-am¿- C-¥y-bn-se-Øn-b-Xv-˛- F.-Un.-H-∂mw- i-X-Iw-

*- D-Z-bw-t]-cq¿- kp-∂-l-tZm-kv- G-Xv- h¿-j-Øn¬-˛- F.-Un.-1599

*- e-£w-ho-Sv- ]-≤-Xn- \-S-∏m-°n-b- a-¥n-˛-Fw- F-≥ tKm-hn-µ-≥\m-b¿-

*- F.-sI.-tKm-]m-e-s‚- ]-ń-Wn-Pm-Y-bn¬- ]-s¶-Sp-Ø- A-\p-bm-bn-Iƒ-˛- 32

*- F-kv.-F-≥.-Un.-]n.-tbm-K-Øn-s‚- ap-≥Km-an-sb-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- kw-L-S-\-˛- hm-hq-´p-tbm-Kw-

*- tI-c-f- hym-k-≥ F-∂-dn-b-s∏- -Xv- - sIm-≠-Sp-ß-√q¿- Ip-™n-°p- -≥ X--ºp-cm-≥

*- tI-c-f- k¿-°m-cn-s‚- ]-hm-kn- Im-cy-h-Ip-∏n-s‚- t]-cv-˛- t\m¿-°-

*- F-kv.-sI.- s]m-‰-°m-ń-\v- ⁄m-\-]o-Tw- e-`n-®- h¿-jw- ˛- 1980

*- tI-c-f- C-_v-k-≥ F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´-Xv-˛- F-≥ Ir-jv-W-]n-≈-

*- tI-c-f-Øn-se- Z-£n-W-Im-in-sb-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-˛- Xn-cp-s\-√n-

*- F-kv.-sI.- s]m-‰-°m- n-s‚- ]q¿-W-\m-aw- -i-¶-c-≥Ip- n- Ip-™n-cm-a-≥ s]m-‰-°m- v-

* -G-Xp- k-a-c-Øn-s‚- ap-Zm-hm-Iy-am-bn-cp-∂p-Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dp-Im¿-°v-˛- a-e-bm-fn- sa-tΩm-dn-b¬-

*- H-∂mw- tI-c-f-\n-b-a-k- -bn¬- C.-Fw.-F-kv.-]-Xn-\n-[m-\w- sN-bv-X- a-Wv-U-ew-˛- \o-te-

iz-cw-*- h-≈-tØmƒ- c-Nn-®- a-lm-Im-hyw-˛- Nn-X-

tbm-Kw-*- h-b-\m-ń-se- B-Zy- P-e-tk-N-\-]-≤-Xn-˛-

Im-cm-∏p-g-*- tI-c-f- hp-Uv- C-≥U-kv-So-kn-s‚- B-ÿm-

\w-˛- \n-e-ºq¿-*- tI-c-f-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- ]m-h-iyw-

a-¥n-bm-bn- k-Xy- ]-Xn-⁄- sN-bv-X- t\-Xm-hv-˛- sI.-Fw.-am-Wn-

*- h-b-\m-ń-se- F-S-bv-°¬- Kp-l-I-sf-°p-dn-®v- B-Zy-am-bn- B-[n-Im-cn-I- ]-T-\w- \-S-Øn-b-Xv-˛- ^m-sk-‰v- (1901)-

*- G-Xp- k¿-h-I-em-im-e-bp-sS- B-ÿm-\-am-Wv- tX-™n-∏-e-Øv- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂-Xv-˛- Im-en-°-‰v-

* -G-‰-hpw- ]-g-°-ap-≈- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- \m-W-bw-˛- I-en-bp-K-cm-b-≥ ]-Ww-

*- c-≠mw- tem-I-a-lm-bp-≤m-\-¥-cw- P-bn¬-tam-Nn-X-\m-b,- tI-c-f-Øn-≠-se- A-h-km-\-sØ- cm-jv-So-b- X-S-hp-Im-c-≥˛- ap-l-Ω-Zv- A-_v-Zp- d-“m-≥ km-ln-_v-

*- G-Xp- ÿ-e-Øn-s‚- ]-g-b- t]-cm-Wv- sh-¶-S-tIm-´-˛- tIm-´-bv-°¬-

*- tI-c-f-Øn¬- kz¿-W-\n-t£-]w- Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈- kv-Y-ew-˛- \n-e-ºq¿-

*- tI-c-f-Øn¬- ln-µp-ÿm-≥ \yq-kv- ]n-‚ v-^m-Iv-S-dn- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂-Xv-˛- sh-≈q¿-

*- H-∂mw- tI-c-f- \n-b-a-k- -bn-se- h-\n-X-Iƒ-- 6

*- H-∂mw- tI-c-f- \n-b-a-k-`-bn-se- Xn-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´- Aw-K-ßƒ-˛- 126

*- h-b-\m-Sv- Pn-√-bn-se,- k-ap-Z-\n-c-∏n¬-\n-∂pw- D-b-c-Øn-em-bn- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂- X-Sm-Iw-˛- ]q-t°m-Sv-

*- tI-c-f-Øn¬- N-µ-\-°m-Sp-≈- ]-tZ-iw-˛- a-d-bq¿-

*- tI-c-f-Øn¬- Np-Æm-ºp-I-√v- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂- ÿ-ew-˛- hm-f-bm¿-

*- h-b-\m-Sv- Pn-√-bp-sS- B-ÿm-\w- - I¬-∏-‰-*- H-cp- h¿-j-Øn¬- F-X- Rm-‰p-th-e-bp-≠v-

˛- 27*- H-cp- Xo¿-Ym-S-\w- F-∂v- Km-‘n-Pn- hn-ti-

jn-∏n-®- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚- A-h-km-\-sØ-tI-c-f-bm-X- G-Xp-h¿-j-am-bn-cp-∂p-˛-1937

* -tI-c-f-Øn¬- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂- ssS-‰m-\n-bw-A-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂- [m-Xp-˛- C¬-a-ss\-‰v-

*- tI-c-f-Øn¬- k-ap-Z-\n-c-∏n¬- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂- h-\y-Po-hn- k-t¶-Xw-˛- aw-K-f-h-\w-

*- H-fn-ºn-Iv-kv- ss^-\-en-se-Øn-b- B-Zy- a-e-bm-fn- h-\n-X-˛- ]n.-Sn.-D-j- (1984,- tem-kv-B-©-e-kv-)-

*- Hm-a-\-Øn-¶ƒ-°n-Sm-thm- F-∂- Km-\w- c-Nn-®-Xv-˛- C-c-bn-Ω-≥ X-ºn-

*- h-b-em¿- Ãm-en-≥ F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´-Xv- kn.-sI.-Ip-am-c-∏-Wn-°¿-

*- F.-Un.- 644¬- tI-c-fw- ]-Z¿-in-®- A-d-_n-k-©m-cn-˛- am-en-Iv- Zn-≥ _n-\m¿-

*- F-≥.-F-≥.-]n-≈-bp-sS- B-fl-I-Y-˛- Rm-≥*- F-d-Wm-Ip-fw- Pn-√-bn-se- hm-g-°p-fw- Km-

aw- F-¥v- D¬-]m-Z-\-Øn-em-Wv- ]-kn-≤n-bm¿-Pn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv-˛- ssI-X-®-°-

*- D-j- kv-Iqƒ- Hm-^v- A-Xv-e-‰n-Iv-kv- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-˛- sIm-bn-em-≠n-

*- d-jy-≥ ]-t\m-c-a-bp-sS- I¿-Øm-hv-˛- sI.-]n.-F-kv.-ta-t\m-≥

*- -dm-Wn- e-£v-an- m-bn- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬- A-Sn-a-°-®-h-Sw- \n¿-Ø-em-°n-b-Xv- G-Xv- h¿-j-Øn¬-˛- F.-Un.-1812

*- h-c-bm-Sp-I-fp-sS- ho-Sv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- tI-c-f-Øn-se- tZ-io-tbm-Zym-\w- - C-c-hn-Ip-fw-

*- tI-c-f-Øn¬- Ip-cp-ap-f-Ip- K-th-j-W-tI-µw- ÿn-Xn- sN-øp-∂-Xv-˛- ]-∂n-bq¿-

* -tI-c-f-Øn¬- k-`-bv-°p-]p-d-Øv- k-Xy-]-Xn-P-R- sN-bv-X- G-I- \n-b-a-k-`mw-Kw-˛- a-Øm-bn- Nm-t°m-

*- h-cn-I- h-cn-I- k-l-P-sc...- F-∂- Km-\w- c-Nn-®-Xv- ˛- Aw-in- \m-cm-b-≠-W-]n-≈-

*- hm-g -∏-≈n- im-k-\w- ]p-d -s∏-Sp -hn -®-`cWm[nImcn˛ cmPtiJch¿a

16 ]nFkvkn _p≈¡n≥ 2014 P\p-hcn- 15

* hmK¨ Sm-P-Un- \-S-∂- h¿-jw-˛- 1921*- -hm-K-¨- Sm-P-Un- G-Xp- I-em-]-hp-am-bn-

_-‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p-˛- a-e-_m¿- I-em-]w-*- -hm-kv-tIm- U- Km-a- ssh-tkm-bn- B-bn-

tI-c-f-Øn¬- F-Øn-b- h¿-jw- - F.-Un.-1524*- -G-Xp-\-Zn-bn-em-Wv- A-cp-hn-°-c- Umw-˛-I-

c-a-\-bm¿-*- -tI-c-f-Øn¬- hn-tam-N-\- k-a-cw- \-S-∂- h¿-

jw-˛- 1959*- -tI-c-f-Øn¬- I¿-j-I-Zn-\-am-bn- B-N-cn-®p-

t]m-cp-∂-Xv-˛- Nn-ßw- H-∂v-*- -tI-c-f-Øn¬- I-ayp-Wn-Ãv- ]m¿-ń- \-S-Øn-

b- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- k-a-cw-˛- ]p-∂-]-˛-h-b-em¿-

*- -G-Xp-h¿-am-Wv- kw-t£-]-th-Zm¿-Yw-]-kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv-˛- 1772

*- G-Xv- \-Zn-bp-sS- Xo-c-Øm-Wv- tIm-´-bw-˛-ao-\-®n¬-

* -hm-kv-tIm- U- Km-a- B-Zyw- C-¥y-bn¬- h-∂- h¿-jw-˛- 1498

*- H.-hn.-hn-P-b-s‚- J-km-°n-s‚- C-Xn-lm-k-Øn-se- \m-b-I-≥˛- c-hn-

*- tI-c-f-Øn¬- P-tem¬-k-h-ßƒ-°p- Xp-S-°w- Ip-dn-°p-∂- h-≈w-I-fn-˛- N-º-°p-fw-aq-ew- h-≈w-I-fn-

*- tI-c-f-Øn-s‚- ]-Sn-™m-dv- m-K-sØ- I-S¬-˛- A-d-_n-°-S¬-

*- tI-c-f-Øn-s‚- G-‰-hpw- h-S-t°-b-‰-sØ-Im-b¬-˛- D-∏-f-°m-b¬-

*- H-∂m-a-sØ- ]-g-»n-hn-π-hw- G-Xv- h¿-j-Øn¬-˛- F.-Un.-1793˛-97

* -hm-kv-tIm- U- Km-a- tIm-gn-t°m-s´-Øn-b-I-∏¬-˛- km-thm- K-_n-tb¬-

*- G-Xv- Im-b¬- A-d-_n-°-S-ep-am-bn- tbm-Pn-≠-°p-∂n-S-Øm-Wv- \o-≠-I-c- A-gn- - A-jv-S-ap-Sn-

*- I-en-°-‰v- k¿-h-I-em-im-e- \n-e-hn¬- h-∂- h¿-jw-˛- 1968

*- I-en-°-‰v- k¿-h-I-em-im-e-bp-sS- ]-Y-a- ssh-kv- Nm-≥k-e¿- - s]m- .- Fw.-Fw.-K-\n-

*- I-Æq-cn-se- sk-‚ v- B-©-tem- tIm- - \n¿-an-®-Xv-˛- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im¿-

*- I¿-j-I- _-‘- _n¬- G-Xv- K-h-¨-sa-‚n-s‚- Im-e-sØ- ]-cn-jv-Im-c-am-bn-cp-∂p- - C.-Fw.-F-kv.-

*- I-ayq-Wn-Ãv- ]m¿-ń- tI-c-f-Øn¬- cq-]-h-Xv-Ir-X-am-b- h¿-jw-˛- 1939

*- I-hn-bp-sS- Im¬-]m-Sp-Iƒ- B-cp-sS- B-fl-I-Y-bm-Wv-˛- ]n.-Ip-™n-cm-a-≥ \m-b¿-

*- tI-c-f-Øn-em-Zy-am-bn- C-e-Iv-tSm-Wn-Iv-thm-ń-Mv- sa-jo-≥ D-]-tbm-Kn-®- a-Wv-U-ew-˛- ]-d-hq¿-

*- hm-kv-tIm- U- Km-a- C-¥y-bn-te-°p- ]p-d-s∏-´- t]m¿-®p-K¬- Xp-d-ap-Jw-˛- t_-ew-

*- G-Xv- I-em-cq-]-Øn¬-\n-∂m-Wv- I-Y-I-fn-cq-]w- sIm-≠-Xv-˛- cm-a-\m-´w-

*- I-ip-h-≠n- C-¥y-bn¬- sIm-≠p-h-∂-Xv-˛-t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im¿-

*- tI-c-f-Øn¬- P-\-Io-bm-kq-X-Ww- D-Zv-Lm-S-\w- sN-ø-s∏- - Xo-b-Xn- - 1996 Hm-K-kv-Xv- 17

*- tI-c-f-Øn¬- P-\-Io-bm-kq-X-Ww- Xp-S-ßn-b-Xv- F-Xmw- ]-©-h¬-k-c-]-≤-bn¬-˛- 9

*- i-Iv-X-≥X-ºp-cm-≥ sIm-®n-bn¬- cm-Pm-hm-b-Xv- G-Xv- h¿-j-Øn¬-˛- F.-Un.-1790

*- Im-°-\m-S-s‚- b-Ym¿-Y-t]-cv- - tPm¿-Pv- h¿-Ko-kv-

*- Im¿-Øn-I-Xn-cp-\mƒ- ([¿-a-cm-Pm-hv-)- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬- A-[n-Im-c-Øn¬- h-∂-Xv- G-Xv- h¿-j-Øn¬-˛- F.-Un.-1758

*- H.-N-¥p-ta-t\m-s‚- ]q¿-Øn-bm-Im-Ø- t\m-h¬-˛- im-c-Z-

*- Im-‰n¬- \n-∂pw- ssh-Zyp-Xn- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂- ]-≤-Xn- tI-c-f-Øn-se-hn-sS-bm-Wv-B-Zy-am-bn- ÿm-]n-®-Xv-˛- I-©n-t°m-Sv-

*- Im-bn-I-tI-c-f-Øn-s‚- ]n-Xm-hv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-X-˛- tI-W¬- tKm-Z-h¿-a-cm-P-

* -hm-kv-tIm- U- Km-a-sb- B-Zyw- kw-kv-I-cn-®- sk-‚ ^m-≥kn-kv- ]-≈n- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-˛- t^m¿-´v- sIm-®n-

*- Hm-S-bn¬-\n-∂v- F-∂- t\m-h¬- c-Nn-®-Xv-˛-

]n- tI-i-h-tZ-hv-* -I-Æq¿- Pn-√-bn¬- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- \m-hn-

I- A-°m-Z-an-˛- G-gn-a-e-*- tI-c-f-Øn¬- tem- -dn- B-cw- n-®- [-\-a-¥n-

˛- ]n.-sI.-Ip-™v-*- tI-c-f-Øn¬- tem-´-dn- B-cw-`n-®- h¿-jw-˛-

1967* -I-em-a-Wv-U-e-Øn-s‚- ]-Y-a- sk-I-´-dn-

bm-bn-cp-∂-Xv-˛- ap-Ip-µ-cm-P-*- hm-kv-tIm- U- Km-a-bp-sS- a-c-Ww- G-Xv- h¿-

j-Øn¬-˛-F.-Un.-1524*- I-en-°-‰v- k¿-h-I-em-im-e-bp-sS- B-ÿm-

\w-˛- tX-™n-∏-ew-*- tI-c-f-Øn¬- Xp-S¿-∂p-h-cp-∂- km-ap-Zm-bn-

I- kw-h-c-Ww- G-Xp- ]-t£m-`-Øn-s‚- -e-am-Wv-˛- \n-h¿-Ø-\- ]-t£m-`-Ww-

*- Im-bw-Ip-fw- Xm-]-\n-e-b-Øn-se- C-‘-\w-˛- \m-^v-X-

*- Im-°m-cn-»n- \m-S-I-Øn-s‚- P-\n-bn-Xm-hm-bn- I-W-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-˛- sIm-√-I- tI-i-h-]n-≈- B-im-≥

*- Im-®n-°p-dp-°n-sb-Sp-Ø- I-hn-X- F-∂p- hn-

fn-°p-∂-Xv- B-cp-sS- c-N-\-sb-bm-Wv-˛-ssh-tem-∏n-≈n-

*- tI-c-f-Øn¬,- hy-`n-Nm-c-°p-‰w- B-tcm-]n-®n-cp-∂- kv-Xo-Iƒ-s°-Xn-sc- kzo-I-cn-®n-cp-∂- \-S-]-Sn-˛- kv-am¿-Ø- hn-Nm-cw-

* -tI-c-f-Øn¬-\n-∂p- e-`n-®n-´p-≈- G-‰-hpw-]-g-b- im-k-\w-˛- hm-g-∏-≈n- im-k-\w-

*- Im-≥s^-Un-s‚- ÿm-]-I-≥˛- ]n.-F-≥.- ]-Wn-°¿-

*- Im-em-h-[n-bm-b- A-©p-h¿-jw- Xn-I-®,-tI-c-f- \n-b-a-k-`-bp-sS- N-cn-X-Øn-se- B-Zy- kv-]o-°¿-˛- Fw.-hn-P-b-Ip-am¿-

* -tI-c-f-Øn-em-Zy-am-bn- lr-Z-bw- am-‰n-h-bv-°¬- i-kv-X-In-b- \-S-Øn-b- ÿm-]-\w-˛- sa-Un-°¬- S-Ãv-

*- tI-c-f-Øn-s‚- ]-Sn-™m-dp-`m-K-Øv- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂- I-S¬-˛- A-d-_n-°-S¬-

*- Ip-µ-e-X- c-Nn-®-Xv-˛- A-∏p- s\-Sp-ßm-Sn-*- tI-c-f-Øn¬- ssk-\n-I- kv-Iqƒ- ÿn-Xn-

sN-øp-∂- ÿ-ew-˛- I-g-°p-´w-*- Hm-Wm-tLm-j-sØ-°p-dn-®v- ]-Xn-]m-Zn-°p-

∂- X-an-gv-Ir-Xn-˛- a-[p-ssc-°m-©n-*- hn.-Sn.-`-´-Xn-cn-∏m-Sn-s‚- ]q¿-W-\m-aw-˛- sh-

≈n-Øn-cp-Øn- Xm-g-Øp-a-\-bv-°¬- cm-a-≥`-´-Xn-cn-∏m-Sv-

*- tI-c-f-Øn¬- tIm-S-Xn-hn-[n-bn-eq-sS- \n-b-a-k-`mw-K-Xzw- e-`n-®- B-Zy- hy-‡n-˛- hn.-B¿.-Ir-jv-W-ø¿-

* -tI-c-f-Øn¬-\n-∂pw- D¬- -hn-°p-∂- Im-th-cn-bp-sS- t]m-j-I-\-Zn-˛- I-_-\n-

*- hn-I-am-Zn-Xy-h-c-Kp-W-s‚- im-k-\-Øn-s‚-t]-sc-¥v-˛-]m-en-bw- im-k-\w-

*- tI-c-f-Øn¬- Xp-em-h¿-jw- A-\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂-sX-t∏mƒ- H-Iv-tSm-_¿-˛-\-hw-_¿-

*- tI-c-f-Øn¬- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im¿- ÿm-]n-®- B-Zy-sØ- sk-an-\m-cn-˛- hm-cm-∏p-g-

* -h-S-°p- In-g-°-≥ a-¨-kq-Wn-s‚- a-s‰m-cp-t]-cv-˛- Xp-em-h¿-jw-

*- I-]-S-tem-I-Øn-em-flm¿-Y-am-sbm-cp- lr-

Z-b-ap-≠m-b-Xm-sW-≥ ]-cm-P-bw- F-∂p- ]m-Sn-b-Xv-˛- N-ß-ºp-g-

*- i-¶-cm-Nm-cy¿- ]-N-cn-∏n-®- X-Øzw-˛- A-ssZz-Xw-

*- I-øq¿- k-a-cw- \-S-∂- h¿-jw-˛- 1941*- I-´-°-bw- F-∂- Xq-en-Im-\m-a-Øn¬- A-

dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-˛- sN-dn-bm-≥ am-∏n-f-*- I-Æq¿- k¿-h-I-em-im-e-bp-sS- B-Zy- ssh-

kv- Nm-≥k-e¿-˛- A-_v-Zp-≠ƒ- d-“m-≥* -Ip-µ-e-X- F-gp-X-s∏-´- h¿-jw-˛- 1887*- Ip-™m-en- a-c-bv-°m¿- B-cp-sS- \m-hn-I-

tk-\m-Ø-e-h-\m-bn-cp-∂p-˛- km-aq-Xn-cn-*- Ip-e-ti-J-c- B-gv-hm-cp-sS- `-c-W-Im-L-´w-

- -F.-Un.-768˛-834*- Ir-jv-W-\m-´-Øn-\p- cq-]w- \¬-In-b- km-

aq-Xn-cn- cm-Pm-hv-˛- am-\-th-Z-≥*- Ir-jv-W-Km-Y-bp-sS- I¿-Øm-hv- - sN-dp-t»-cn-*- I-S-h-√q¿- A-t\ym-\yw- G-Xp- hn-`m-K-hp-

am-bn- _-‘-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p- - \-ºq-Xn-cn-am¿-*- Iv-\m-bn- sXm-Ω-s‚- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬- H-cp-

kw-Lw- In-kv-Xym-\n-Iƒ- tI-c-f-Øn¬- h-∂- h¿-jw-˛- F.-Un.-345

*- I-Y-I-fn-bp-sS- D-]-⁄m-Xm-hv-˛- sIm-´m-c-°-c-Ø-ºp-cm-≥

*- Ip-am-c-\m-im-s‚- ho-W-]q-hv- G-Xp- ]-X-Øn-em-Wv- B-Zyw- ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv- ˛-an-X-hm-Zn-

*- kp¬-Øm-≥ _-tØ-cn-bp-sS- ]-g-b- t]-cv-˛-K-W-≠-]-Xn-h-´w-

*- Kp-≠¿-ń-s‚- \n-L-≠p- ]-kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øn-b- h¿-jw-˛- 1872

*- Kp-cp- tKm-]n-\m-Yv- 1963˛¬- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øv- B-cw-`n-®- I-em-tI-µw-˛- hn-iz-I-em-tI-µw-

*- Ip-e-ti-J-c-≥am-cp-sS- B-ÿm-\-am-bn-cp-∂-Xv-˛- a-tlm-Z-b-]p-cw-

*- Iq-\-≥Ip-cn-iv- k-Xyw- G-Xv- h¿-j-Øn¬-˛- F.-Un.-1653

*- Iq-dp-am-‰- \n-tcm-[-\- \n-b-aw- A-\p-k-cn-®v-A-tbm-Ky-X- I¬-]n-°-s∏- - B-Zy- tI-c-f-\n-b-a-k- mw-Kw- - B¿.-_m-e-Ir-jv-W-]n-≈-

*- Kp-cp-hm-bq¿- k-Xym-K-lw- \-S-∂- h¿-jw-˛-1931

*- K-tP-µ-tam-£w- Np-h¿-Nn-Xw- F-hn-sS-

bm-Wv-˛-Ir-jv-W-]p-cw- sIm-´m-c-Øn¬-* -kw-ÿm-\- a-\p-jym-h-Im-i- I-Ωo-j-≥

\n-e-hn¬-h-∂- h¿-jw-˛- 1998*- Ip-∂-e-t°m-\m-Xn-cn- F-∂- ÿm-\-t∏-cp-

kzo-I-cn-®n-cp-∂- cm-Pm-hv- - tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- cm-Pm-hv-

*- Ip-a-c-Iw- G-Xv- Im-b-en-s‚- Xo-c-Øm-Wv-˛-th-º-\m-Sv-

* -kw-t£-]-th-Zm¿-Yw- 1772˛¬- F-hn-sS-\n-∂p-am-Wv- ]-kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv-˛- tdmw-

*- Ip-™m-en- a-c-bv-°m-sc- h-[n-®-Xv-˛- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im¿-

* -hn-cn-∏q- Ir-jn- sIm-øp-∂-Xv- G-Xv- am-k-Øn-em-Wv-˛- I-∂n-

*- hn-S- F-∂- Ir-Xn- c-Nn-®-Xv- - ssh-tem-∏n-≈n-*- Ip-dn-Ny-cp-sS- e-l-f- G-Xv- h¿-j-Øn¬-˛-

F.-Un.-1812*- kzm-X-¥yw- In-´p-tºmƒ- sIm--®n--bn¬- ]-

[m-\-a-¥n-bm-bn-cp-∂-Xv-˛-]-\-ºn-≈n- tKm-hn-µ-ta-t\m-≥

*- kzm-Xn-Xn-cp-\mƒ- A-¥-cn-®-Xv- G-Xv- h¿-j-Øn¬-˛- F.-Un.-1846

* -K-Zy-hpw- ]-Zy-hpw- C-S-I-e¿-Øn-bp-≈- km-ln-Xy-cq-]w-˛- N-ºp-

*- ln-µp-kv-Ym-≥ t]-∏¿- tIm¿-]-td-j-s≥d-B-kv-Ym-\w-˛- sh-≈q¿-

*- N-µ-\-a-c-ß-fp-sS- \m-Sv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-tI-c-f-Øn-se- ÿ-ew-˛- a-d-bq¿-

*- Kp-cp-km-K-cw- c-Nn-®-Xv-˛- H.-hn.-hn-P-b-≥*- kp-K-‘-hy-Rv-P-\-ß-fp-sS- D¬-]m-Z-\-

Øn¬- ap-∂n-´p-\n¬-°p-∂- tI-c-f-Øn-se-Pn-√-Iƒ-˛- C-Sp-°n,- h-b-\m-Sv-

*- Kp-l-I-fn¬- Xm-a-kn-°p-∂- tI-c-f-Øn-se-G-I- B-Zn-hm-kn-h¿-Kw-˛- tNm-e-\m-bv-°-≥am¿-

*- kv-Xo-Iƒ-°p-th-≠n-am-X-am-bp-≈- \r-Øw-˛- tam-ln-\n-bm-´w-

*- kq-cn- \-ºq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sv- G-Xp- Ir-Xn-bn-em-Wv-˛- C-µp-te-J-

*- ln-µp-ÿm-≥ sa-jo-≥ Sqƒ-kv- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂-Xv..........- Pn-√-bn-em-Wv-˛- F-d-Wm-Ip-fw-

*- -lyq-bm-≥kn-ßn-s‚-d- tI-c-f-k-µ¿-i-\w-G-Xp- h¿-j-Øn¬- -˛- F.-Un.-630

*- N-µ-Kn-cn-t°m- - \n¿-an-®-Xv- - _n-Z-\q-cn-se-in-h-∏-\m-b-Iv-

*- k-Rv-P-b-≥ F-∂- Xq-en-Im-\m-a-Øn¬- A-dn-b-s∏-´-Xv-˛- Fw.-cm-ap-Æn- \m-b¿-

*- N-c¬-°p-∂v- hn-t\m-Z-k-©m-c- tI-µw- G-Xp- Pn-√-bn¬-˛- ]-Ø-\w-Xn-´-

*- Nm-Ø-≥tIm-X- F-∂- ÿm-\-t∏-cn¬- A-dn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂-Xv-˛- h-≈p-h-\m-Sv- cm-Pm-hv-

*- tlm¿-Øq-kv- a-e-_m-dn-°-kv- F-hn-sS-\n-∂p-am-Wv- B-Zy-am-bn- A-®-Sn-®-Xv- - Bw-Ã¿-Umw-

*- kz-¥-am-bn- ssh-Zyp-Xn- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-®v- hn-X-c-Ww- sN-bv-X,- kw-ÿm-\-sØ- B-Zy-sØ- Km-a-]-©m-b-Øv-˛- am-¶p-fw-

*- kz-X-¥- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-se- c-≠m-a-sØ-]-[m-\-a-¥n-˛- ]-d-hq¿- Sn.-sI.-\m-cm-b-W-]n-≈-

*- tlm-kv-Zp¿-Kv- tIm-´- \n¿-an-®-Xv-˛- C-t°-cn-hw-i--Øn-se- tkm-a-ti-J-c- \m-b-Iv-

* -tI-c-f- k¿-°m-cn-s‚- B-Zy-sØ- ]-hm-kn-km-ln-Xy- A-hm¿-Un-\v- A¿-l-\m-b-Xv-˛-F.-Fw.-ap-l-Ω-Zv-

*- kzm-an- Nn-∑-bm-\-µ-s‚- ]q¿-hm-≠-i-a-Øn-se- t]-cv-˛- _m-e-Ir--jv-W-ta-t\m-≥

*- kzm-X-¥y-k-a-c-hp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-´v- a-e-_m-dn-se- Im¿-jn-I- I-em-]-ß-sf-°p-dn-®v-A-t\z-jn-°m-≥ \n-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-´- I-f-Iv-S¿-˛- hn-eyw- tem-K-≥

* -kz-tZ-im-`n-am-\n- cm-a-Ir-jv-W-]n-≈- \m-Sp-I-S-Ø-s∏-´- h¿-jw-˛- 1910

*- kz-tZ-im-`n-am-\n- sI.-cm-a-Ir-jv-W- ]n-≈-sb- \m-Sp-I-S-Øn-b- Zn-hm-≥˛- ]n.-cm-P-tKm-]m-em-Nm-cn-

*- tI-c-f- K-h¿-W-dm-b- G-I- a-e-bm-fn-˛-hn.-hn-iz-\m-Y-≥

*- U-®p-Im-cp-sS- B-Zy-sØ- I-∏¬- k-aq-lw-sIm-®n-bn¬- F-Øn-b-Xv- G-Xv- h¿-j-Øn¬-˛- F.-Un.-1604

*- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øv- C-t∏m-g-sØ- sk-I-t´-dn-b-‰v- a-µn-cw- D-Zv-Lm-S-\w- sN-ø-s∏-´-Xv-G-Xv- h¿-j-Øn¬-˛- F.-Un.-1869

*- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw- Pn-√-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- D-b-cw- Iq-Sn-b- sIm-Sp-ap-Sn-˛-A-K-kv-Xy-Iq-Sw-

* -tUm.- sI.-F-≥.-cm-Pv- G-Xv- \n-e-bn-em-Wv-]-kn-≤-≥˛- C-°-tWm-an-kv-‰v-

2014 P\p-hcn- 15 ]nFkvkn _p≈¡n≥ 17

General English-11. I wish I _____ taller.

(a) would be (b) could be(c) had been (d) were

2. He has aptitude ____ such a work.(a) of (b) in(c) for (d) to

3. The sun_____ at six this morning.(a) rose (b) raised(c) arose (d) aroused

4. Have complete trust _____ god.(a) for (b) on(c) in (d) upon

5. He has put _____ the meeting.(a) up (b) off(c) away (d) out

6. I prefer doing things to _____television.(a) has watched (b) watch(c) watching (d) watched

7. The opposite of ‘Proud’:(a) Bombastic (b) Slavish(c) Grovelling (d) Humble

8. The wrongly spelt word is :(a) Gloucoma (b) Glazed(c) Glacial (d) Geology

9. The pride of the ___ is the glory ofGod.(a) Cat (b) Peacock(c) Rat (d) Dandy

10.The _____of the ass is not sweet atall.(a) roaring (b) screeching(c) braying (d) howling

11. Rumours _____very fast.(a) spread (b) spred(c) widespread (d) spreads

12.Ten kilograms of rice _____ over twohundred rupees.(a) costs (b) coast(c) coasts (d) cost

13.Monkeys enjoy _____ on the branchesof tree.(a) swings (b) swinging(c) swing (d) Swung

14.He _____ to climb the coconut tree.

(a) tryed (b) tired(c) tried (d) try

15. I _____ go to movies.(a) was (b) happen(c) everyday (d) seldom

16. The synonym for the word ‘recur’ is:(a) Reverse (b) Repeat(c) Receive (d) Recede

17. A ___ of bees.(a) Fleet (b) Swarm(c) Crowd (d) Flock

18. ‘Recreation’ is similar to:(a) Amusement (b) Encouragement(c) Happiness (d) Enthusiasm

19. Dogs generally faithful ___ theirmaster.(a) at (b) to(c) on (d) with

20. This is the ____ monument in the city.It was constructed in 1850.(a) elder (b) older(c) eldest (d) oldest

21. ‘His voice gets on my nerves’ means:(a) makes me ill(b) Pierces my ear drums(c) makes me sad(d) irritates me

22. I ____ to the teacher for coming tothe school.(a) went (b) blamed(c) apologized (d) wished

23. From here we can watch the ____ ofthe sun.(a) rise (b) rising(c) risen (d) rose

24. One who does not marry, especiallyas a religious obligation:(a) Bachelor (b) Celibate(c) Virgin (d) Recluse

25. Vagrant is the synonym of:(a) Vagabond (b) Various(c) Vague (d) Virtuous

Answers1 (d) 2(c) 3 (a) 4 (c) 5(b)6(c) 7(d) 8(a)9(b) 10(c) 11(a) 12(a) 13(b) 14(c)15(d) 16(b)17(b) 18(a) 19(b) 20(d)21(d) 22(c) 23(b) 24(b) 25(a)

General English-21. As a general rule, politicians do not

____ centre stage.(a) forward (b) forbid

tÃ-‰v- _m-¶v- Hm- v- C-¥y-Cw]ocnb¬ _m¶v Hm^v C¥yCt∏mƒ Adnbs∏Sp∂ t]cvC¥ybn¬ G‰hpw IqSpX¬ imJ-I-fp-≈- s]m-Xp-ta-J-em- hm-Wn-Py-_m-¶v--C-¥y-bp-sS- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- sIm-ta-gv-ky¬- _m-¶v-G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- hn-tZ-i- im-J-I-fp-≈- s]m-Xp-ta-J-em- hm-Wn-Py- _m-¶v-

- tem-I-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- H-gp-Ip-∂-F.-Sn.-Fw.- kv-Ym-]n-®-Xv-C-¥y-bp-sS- tI-µ- _m-¶m-b- dn-k¿-hv- _m-¶v- Hm-^v- C-¥y-bp-sS- _m-¶nw-Kv-[¿-a-ßƒ- \n-d-th-‰p-∂- ÿm-]-\w- G-Xm-Wv-tÃ-‰v- _m-¶v- Kq-∏n-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- _m-¶v

AtimI≥_p-≤-a-X-sØ- tem-I-a-X-am-°n- h-f¿-Øn-sb-Sp-Ø- cm-Pm-hv-D-]-Kp-]v-X-s‚- t]-c-W-bm¬- _p-≤-a-Xm-\p-bm-bn-Øo¿-∂- `m-c-X- N-I-h¿-Øn---K-b-bn¬- a-lm-t_m-[n-t£-Xw- ]-Wn-I-gn-∏n-®- cm-Pm-hv---tem-I-N-cn-X-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- a-lm-\m-b- N-I-h¿-Øn- F-∂v- ]-i-kv-X- N-cn-X-Im-c-≥ F-®v- Pn- sh¬-kv-hn-ti-jn-∏n-®-Xv--au-cy-hw-i-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- a-lm-\m-b- cm-Pm-hv-C-¥ym- N-cn-X-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- km-am-Py- hn-kv-Xr-Xn-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn.-C-¥y-bn¬- k-am-[m-\-Im-e-sØ- [o-c-X-bv-°v- \¬-Ip-∂- ]-c-tam-∂-X- _-lp-a-Xn- (A-tim-I-N-Iw-)- bp-sS- t]-cp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏- - cm-Pm-hv--_p-≤-a-X- ]-N-c-W-Øn-\v- X-s‚- a-°-fm-b- a-tl-µ-s\-bpw- kw-L-an-X-sb-bpw- io-e-¶-bn-te-°v- A-b-®v-au-cy- cm-P-mhv

tÃm°vtlmwk-ap-Z-Øn-se- kp-µ-cn- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-]-cn-ÿn-Xn- kw-_-‘n-®- B-Zy-sØ-sF-Iy-cm-jv-S- D-®-tIm-Sn-°v- th-Zn-bm-b-Xv-k-am-[m-\w- H-gn-sI-bp-≈- hn-j-b-ß-fn¬- s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\-Zm-\w- \-S-°p-∂- \-K-cw--D-Ø-c-Zn-°n-se- sh-\o-kv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-kzo-U-s‚- X-e-ÿm-\w-kzo-Un-jv- ]m¿-e-sa-‚m-b- dn-Iv-kv-Um-Kv- G-Xv- \-K-c-Øn-em-Wv-kv-Im-≥Un-t\-hn-b-≥ D-]-Zzo-]n-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- \-Kcw

(c) forgive (d) forsake2. The stranger asked Sarah where she

_____(a) lived (b) live(c) has lived (d) have lived

3. It _____ (stop) raining for a while, butnow it’s raining again. (Use the correctform of verb).(a) stops (b) is stopping(c) stopped (d) was stopping

4. Our flat is ____ the second floor ofthe building.(a) at (b) on(c) in (d) to

5. I didn’t watch the news on television.But I heard it ___ the radio.(a) in (b) by(c) on (d) with

6. A student in the second year of acourse at a college or university.(a) Sophomore (b) Alumni(c) Truant (d) Pedant

7. The post man comes twice aday,____?(a) doesn’t he (b) don’t he(c) does he (d) is it

8. ‘Of a bride’ is:(a) Bridle (b) Bridel(c) Bridal (d) Braid

9. I wonder what he has done with thebook I ___ him.(a) lend (b) was lent(c) lent (d) was lending

10. The movement of the train was so_____ that all the passengers sleptvery well.(a) noisy (b) soothing(c) fast (d) distracting

11. The soil of Kuttanad is more fertile

_mw•q¿sF.-F-kv.-B¿.-H.-bp-sS-B-ÿm-\-am-b- A-¥-co-£v- -h-≥ F-hn-sS-bm-Wv--C-¥y-bp-sS- B-Zy-sØ-\m-t\m- sS-Iv-t\m-f-Pn- ]-T-\- tI-µw-C-¥y-≥ In-°-‰v- A-°m-Z-an- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv--em¬- _m-Kv- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv--C-¥y-bp-sS- ]q-t¥m-´- \-K-cw- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv--\m-j-W¬- C-≥Ãn-‰yq-´v- t^m¿- bp-\m-\n- sa-Un-kn-≥ F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-tem-I-kp-µ-cn-∏- -Øn-\p-th-Zn-bm-b-B-Zy- C-¥y-≥ \-K-cw- (1986)--sF.-F-kv.-B¿.-H.-bp-sS- hm-Wn-Py-hn-`m-K-am-b- B-≥Un-Iv-kv- tIm¿-∏-td-j-s‚- B-ÿm-\w--C-¥y-≥ C-≥Ãn-‰yq-´v- Hm-^v- B-kv-tSm-^n-kn-Iv-kv- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv--C-¥y-bp-sS- C-e-Iv-tSm-Wn-Iv- kn-‰n- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-km¿-°v- k-tΩ-f-\-Øn-\p- th-Zn-bm-b- B-Zy- C-¥y-≥ \-K-cw--C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- ssk-_¿-ssIw- s]m-eo-kv- tÃ-j-≥ F-hn-sS- ÿm-]n-X-am-bn--C-¥y-bn-se- kn-en-°-¨- hm-en- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-Indian Academy of Science Fhn-sS- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂p-I¿-Wm-S-I-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- \-K-cw-

tIm-^n-t_m¿-Un-s‚- B-ÿm-\w-I-∂-S- kn-\n-am- hy-h-km-b-Øn-s‚-B-ÿm-\wNational Institute of MentalHealth and Neuro Sciences Fhn-sS- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂p-hn-tiz-iz-c-ø- C-≥kv-Sn-b¬- B-‚ v-sS-Iv-t\m-f-Pn-°¬- ayq-kn-bw- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-\m-j-W¬- A- -kv-sa-‚ v- B-‚ v-A-I-Un-t‰-j-≥ Iu-¨-kn-en-s‚-(\m-Iv-)- B-ÿm-\w-Indian Institute of ScienceFhnsS ÿnXnsNøp∂pC≥t^mknkns‚ Bÿm\wNn∂ kzman tÃUnbw FhnsSÿnXnsNøp∂ps]≥jt\gvkv ]mcssUkvF∂dnbs∏Sp∂ C¥y≥ \KcwIm\d _m¶ns‚ Bÿm\wFhnsSbmWvZ£ntW¥ybnse BZy satSmsdbn¬th ÿm]n°s∏´ \Kcw

18 ]nFkvkn _p≈¡n≥ 2014 P\p-hcn- 15

than ____(a) Kottayam (b) of Kottayam(c) that of Kottayam (d) At Kottayam

12. In accordance ____ the provisions oflaw, it is inadmissible.(a) to (b) at(c) with (d) of

13. Which is correct?(a) The French speak French(b) French speak the French(c) The French speak French language(d) French speak the French language

14. A friend of mine ____ is a lawyerhelped me.(a) what (b) who(c) which (d) that

15. The synonym of ‘Draft’:(a) Drought (b) Craft(c) Print (d) Outline

16. By this day next year my brother ____his course.(a) completes (b) will complete(c) will be completing(d) will have completed

17. The antonym of ‘Illicit’:(a) Illegal (b) Bootleg(c) Legal (d) Unlawful

18. I ____ an interview yesterday.(a) have faced (b) faced(c) had faced (d) would face

19. ‘Swan-song’ means:(a) A person’s last performance(b) A person’s first performance(c) A person’s worst performance(d) A very bad song

20. Complete the proverb: The best fishswim near the _____.(a) shore (b) edge(c) surface (d) bottom

21. Study of statistics of births,deaths,diseases to show the state ofcommunity:(a) Anthropology (b) Demography(c) Gerentology (d) Psephology

22. The synonym of ‘SLIP’:(a) Escaped (b) Erred(c) Misstep (d) Stroll

23. The correctly spelt word is:(a) Encroachment (b) Encrochment(c) Encroachement (d) Enkroachment

24. Few government officials do their jobwithout a monetary ______.(a) bribe (b) grant(c) loan (d) inducement

25. The synonym of ‘DAMSEL’:(a) Witch (b) Maiden(c) Widow (d) Bitch

Answers 1 (d) 2(a) 3 (c) 4 (b) 5(c) 6(a) 7(a)8(c)9(c) 10(b) 11(c) 12(c) 13(a) 14(b)15(d) 16(d) 17(c) 18(b) 19(a) 20(d)21(b) 22(c) 23(a) 24(d) 25(b )

tI-c-fw-

1.- A-iz-tLm-j-s‚- "-_p-≤-N-cn-X-'-tØm-Sv-Xm-c-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏- - Ip-am-c-\m-im-s‚-Ir-Xn-:-F-)- I-cp-W- -_n-)- eo-e-kn-)- N-fim-e-`n-£p-In- -Un-)- io-_p-≤-N-cn-Xw-

2.- F-Xmw- i-X-I-Øn-em-Wv- Pq-X-∑m¿- tI-c-f-Øn-se-Øn-b-Xv-?-F-)- H-∂mw- i-X-Iw- _n-)- c-≠mw- i-X-Iw-kn-)- aq-∂mw- i-X-Iw- Un-)- \m-emw- i-X-Iw-

3.- a-cm-a- - I- -sh-≥j-≥ \-S-Øp-∂-Xv- G-Xv- am-k-am-Wv-?-

F-)- P-\p-h-cn- _n-)- s^-_p-h-cn-kn-)- am¿-®v- -Un-)- G-]n¬-

4.- c-≠mw- tN-c-km-am-Py-Øn-se- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fp-sS- F-Æw-:-F-)- 13 _n-)- 10kn-)- 9 Un-)- 7

5.- "-e-fn-Xm- k-l-k-\m-aw-'- c-Nn-®-Xv-:-F-)- ]q-¥m-\w- -_n-)- i-¶-cm-Nm-cy¿-kn-)- sN-dp-t»-cn- -Un-)- ta¬-∏-Øq¿-

6.- ]p-cm-X-\-Im-e-Øv- tI-c-f-Øn-se- kp-K-‘-h-kv-Xp-°ƒ- I-∏¬- A-b-®v- ti-J-cn-®- C-k-tb¬- cm-Pm-hv-:-F-)- πo-\n- -_n-)- ln-∏m-e-kv-kn-)- tkm-f-a-≥ Un-)- A-e-Iv-km-≠¿-

7.- ]-—-∂- _p-≤-≥ F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´-Xv-:-F-)- io-¶-c-≥ -_n-)- hn-I-am-Zn-Xy-h-c-Kp-W-≥kn-)- tN-c-am-≥ s]-cp-amƒ- -Un-)- C-f-t¶m- A-Sn-Iƒ-

8.X-cn-km-∏-≈n- Xm-a-im-k-\-Øn-s‚- h¿-jw-: -F-)- F-Un- 849 _n-)- F-Un- 825kn-)- F-Un- 820 -Un-)- F-Un- 788

9.c-≠mw- tN-c-km-am-Py-Øn-s‚- X-e-ÿm-\w-:-F-)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- - _n-)- I-Æq¿-kn-)- a-tlm-Z-b-]p-cw- Un-)- sIm-®n-

10.- `m-kv-I-c-c-hn-h¿-a-≥ Pq-X-∑m¿-°v- Xm-a-im-k-\w- F-gp-Xn- \¬-In-b- h¿-jw-:-F-)- F-Un- 825 -_n-)- F-Un- 849kn-)- F-Un- 962 -Un-)- F-Un- 1000

11.- bp-≤w,- cm-Py-`m-cw- F-∂n-h-bp-sS- h¿-Æ-\-Iƒ- \n-d-™- Im-hy-k-am-lm-c-am-Wv-:-F-)- ]p-d-\m-\q-dv- -_n-)- A-I-\m-\q-dv-kn-)- Nn-e-∏-Xn-Im-cw- Un-)- tXm¬-°m-∏n-bw-

12.- G-Xv- aq-j-I-cm-Pm-hn-s‚- B-ÿm-\-I-hn-bm-bn-cp-∂p- A-Xp-e-≥?-F-)- io-I-Wv-T-≥ -_n-)- a-Wn-I-Wv-T-≥kn-)- \o-e-I-Wv-T-≥ Un-)- \-∂-≥

13.- tIm-kv-a-kv- C-≥Un-tIm- πq-Ã-kv- tI-c-fw- k-µ¿-in-®-Xv- G-Xv- i-X-I-Øn-em-Wv-?-

F-)- F-Un- B-dmw- i-X-Iw- -_n-)- F-Un- H-∂mw- i-X-Iw-kn-)- F-Un- F-´w- i-X-Iw- -Un-)- F-Un- G-gmw- i-X-Iw-

14.- c-≠mw- tN-c-km-am-Py-Øn-s‚- Im-e-L-´w-F-)- F-Un- 1000 -1600 _n-)- F-Un- 800 -1102kn-)- F-Un- 300˛-600 Un-)- F-Un- 646˛-1000

15.- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw- im-k-\-Øn¬- "-sX-°-≥\m-ń-se- t`m-P-cm-Pm-hv-'- F-∂- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-´-Xv-:-F-)- c-hn-h¿-Ω- Ip-e-ti-J-c-≥ -_n-)- P-b-knw-l-≥kn-)- cm-a-h¿-a- Ip-e-ti-J-c-≥ -Un-)- am-c-h¿-a-≥

16.- tI-c-f-Øn¬- ]m-No-\-Im-e-Øv- "-Du-gn-b-th-e-'- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂-Xv-:-F-)- t£-X-`-c-Ww- _n-)- Zp¿-am-¥n-Iw-kn-)- A-Sn-a-∏-Wn- Un-)- ]p-e-t∏-Sn-

17.- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw- io-]-fl-\m- -kzm-an- t£-X-Øn-se- -c-W-k-an-Xn-bm-bn-cp-∂-Xv-:-F-)- a-Wn-Km-aw- -_n-)- A-©p-h-Æw-kn-)- F-´-c-tbm-Kw- -Un-)- A-dp-\q-‰p-h¿-

18.- G-Xv- a-X-°m-cp-sS- C-S-bn¬- ]-Nm-c-ap-≈-I-em-cq-]-am-Wv- am¿-Kw-I-fn-?-F-)- ap-…n-ßƒ- -_n-)- In-kv-Xym-\n-Iƒ-kn-)- ln-µp-°ƒ- -Un-)- Pq-X-∑m¿-

19.- "-F-¥-tcm- a-lm-\p-`m-h-ep....-'- F-∂m-cw-`n-°p-∂- Km-\w- c-Nn-®-Xv-:-F-)- kzm-Xn-Xn-cp-\mƒ- -_n-)- C-c-bn-Ω-≥X-ºn-kn-)- j-Uv-°m-e-tKm-hn-µ-am-cm¿- -Un)- Xym-K-cm-P-kzm-an-Iƒ-

20.- "-tam-l-\-I-eym-Wn-'- cm-Kw- B-hn-jv-I-cn-®-Xv-:-F-)- iym-a-im-kv-Xn-Iƒ- -_n-)- ap-Øp-kzm-an- Zo-£n-X¿-kn-)- kzm-Xn-Xn-cp-\mƒ- -Un-)- ta-cp-kzm-an-

21.- tI-c-f-Øn¬- P-∑n-Xz-Øn-s‚- ]-Xm-]-Im-e-Øv- t£-X- -c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fm-bn-cp-∂-Xv-:-F-)- Du-gn-bw- -_n-)- Du-cm-f¿-kn-)- a-Wn-Km-aw- -Un-)- A-©p-h-Æw-

22.- sIm-®n-bpw- Cu-kv-‰n-¥ym- I-º-\n-bpw- X-Ωn-ep-≈- _-‘-Øn-\v- A-Sn-ÿm-\-an- - I-cm¿- H-∏p-sh-®- h¿-jw-:-F-)- 1791 -_n-)- 1721kn-)- 1663 -Un-)- 1773

23.- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-se- s\-Sp-t¶m-´- 1790¬-

B-I-an-®v- X-I¿-Ø-Xv-?-F-)- ssl-Z¿- A-en- _n-)- Sn-∏p-kp¬-Øm-≥kn-)- km-aq-Xn-cn- -Un-)- sIm-®o-cm-Pm-hv-

24.- "-]p-c-fo-i-≥∑m¿-'- F-∂-dn-b-s∏- n-cp-∂-Xv-:-F-)- km-aq-Xn-cn- -_n-)- tIm-e-Øn-cn-kn)- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- cm-Pm-hv- -Un-) h-S-°-≥ tIm-´-bw- X-ºp-cm-∑m¿.-

25.- H-∂mw- ]-g-»n-hn-π-hw- \-S-∂- Im-ew-:-F-)- 1800˛-05 -_n-)- 1793˛-97kn-)- 1785˛-93 -Un-)- 1783˛-88

26.- "-]-Zyp-av-\m- yp-Z-bw-'- F-∂- kw-kv-Ir-X-\m-S-Iw- c-Nn-®- th-Wm-Sv- cm-Pm-hv-:-F-)- c-hn-h¿-Ω- Ip-e-ti-J-c-≥ -_n-)- kzm-Xn- Xn-cp-\mƒ-kn-)- D-Z-b-am¿-Øm-fi-h¿-a- -Un-)- ho-c-tI-c-f-h¿-a-

27.- 1588¬- hn-P-b-\-K-c-Øn-s‚- A-[o-i-Xz-Øn¬-\n-∂v- th-Wm-Sn-s\- tam-Nn-∏n-®- cm-Pm-hv-:-F-)- io-ho-c- D-Z-b-am¿-Øm-fi-h¿-a- -_n-)- D-Æn-t°-c-f-h¿-a-kn-)- io-ho-c-tI-c-f-h¿-a- -Un-)- c-hn-h¿-Ω- Ip-e-ti-J-c-≥

28.- I-Wn-bmw-Ip-fw- bp-≤-Øn¬- th-Wm-Sv-ssk-\y-sØ- \-bn-®-Xv-:-F-)- th-ep-Ø-ºn- -_n-)- cm-Pm- tI-i-h-Zm-k-≥kn-)- A-ø-∏-≥ am¿-Øm-fi-]n-≈- -Un-)- C-c-hn-°p-ń-]n-≈-

29.- tZ-h-Zm-ko- k-º-Zm-b-sØ-°p-dn-®v- hy-‡-am-b- ]-cm-a¿-i-ap-≈,- tKm-Z-c-hn-bp-sS- (917 -944)- `-c-W-Im-e-sØ- im-k-\w-:-F-)- tNm-Ip¿- im-k-\w- -_n-)- X-cn-km-∏-≈n- im-k-\w-kn-)- hm-g-∏-≈n- im-k-\w- -Un-)- Xm-g-°m-´p- im-k-\w-

30.- tam-ln-\n-bm-´-Øn-\v- C-∂-sØ- th-j-hn-[m-\w- X-øm-dm-°n-b-Xv-:-F-)- h-≈-tØmƒ- -_n-)- kzm-Xn-Xn-cp-\mƒ-kn-)- [¿-a-cm-Pm-hv- -Un-)- Ip-©-≥ \-ºym¿-

31.- in-c- n-s\- e-£y-am-°n- B-bp-[w- ]-tbm-Kn-°m-\p-≈- A-S-hv-:-F-)- I-S-Iw- -_n-)- Hm-Xn-cw-kn-)- sh-´pw-X-S- Un-)- ]q-gn-°-S-I-≥

32.- ho-c-!- hn-cm-S- Ip-am-c-!- hn-t`m-!-'- F-∂- Km-\w- c-Nn-®-Xv.-F-)- C-c-bn-Ω-≥X-ºn- -_n-)- kzm-Xn-Xn-cp-\mƒ-

apJya¥nkm-[m-c-W-am-bn- \n-b-a-k-`-bn¬-k-`m-t\-Xm-hv- ÿm-\w- h-ln-°p-∂-Xv- B-cm-Wv--K-h¿-W-dpw- a-¥n-k- -bpw- X-Ωn-ep-≈- I-Æn- F-∂-dn-b-∏-Sp-∂-Xv--B-cp-sS- \n¿-t±-i-]-Im-c-am-Wv- K-h¿-W¿- kw-ÿm-\- a-¥n-k-`mw-K-ß-sf- \n-b-an-°p-∂-Xv--\n-b-a-k- -bn¬- a-¥n-k- -bp-sS- ap-Jy-h-‡m-hv--B-cp-sS- D-]-tZ-i-]-Im-c-am-Wv- K-h¿-W¿- \n-b-a-k- - ]n-cn-®p-hn-Sp-∂-Xv-kw-ÿm-\- B-kq-X-W- t_m¿-Un-s‚- A-[y-£-≥-a-¥n-am¿-°v- h-Ip-∏p-I-fp-sS- Np-a-X-e- hn-`-Pn-®p-\¬-Im-≥ K-h¿-W-sd- D-]-tZ-in-°p-∂-Xv- B-cm-Wv--kw-ÿm-\- a-¥n-k-`-bn-se- H-∂m-a-\m-bn- I-W-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv--kw-ÿm-\- a-¥n-k-`-bn-se- H-cp-a-¥n- cm-Pn-h-bv-°p-∂-]-£w- B-h-Ip-∏v- B-cn¬- h-∂p-tN-cpw-a-s‰-ßpw- ]-cm-a¿-in-®n- n-√m-Ø- hn-j-b-ßƒ- a-¥n-k-`-bv-°p-th-≠n-B-cm-Wv- ssI-Im-cyw- sN-ø-p∂Xv

sl¿a≥ Kp≠¿´va-e-bm-f-`m-j-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ-im-kv-Xo-b- \n-L-≠p- X-øm-dm-°n-b-Xm-cv-(1872)--tI-c-f-∏-g-a- (1868)-c-Nn-®-Xm-cv--a-e-bm-f-cm-Pyw- (1869)- B-cp-sS-Ir-Xn-bm-Wv--a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- ]-X-am-b- cm-Py-k-am-Nm-cw- (1847)- ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xm-cv--]-›n-tam-Z-bw- (1847)- F-∂- ]-Xw- B-cm-Wv- ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv

IcSndp-Uv-bm¿-Uv- Inw-πnw-Kn-s‚- Pw-Knƒ- _p-°n-se- _m-ep- F-∂- I-Ym-]m-Xw- G-Xn-\w- Po-hn-bm-Wv-?-h-\y-ar-K-ß-fn¬- G-Xv- Po-hn-bp-sS- Im-e-S-bm-f-am-Wv- a-\p-jy-s‚-Im-e-S-bm-f-hp-am-bn- k-am-\-X- ]p-e¿-Øp-∂-Xv-d-jy-bp-sS- tZ-io-b- ar-Kw-]m-≠- G-Xv- Po-hn-h¿-K-Øn-se-Aw-K-am-Wv-Hm-l-cn- kq-Nn-I-bn-se- C-Sn-hn-s\-kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂- ar-Kw-G-Xv- ar-K-Øn-s‚- ]n-b-s∏- - -£-W-am-Wv- tX≥

loenbwssl-U-P-≥ I-gn-™m¬- ]-]-©-Øn¬- Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈- aq-e-Iw-ssl-U-P-s\-°q-Sm-sX- kq-cy-\n-ep-≈- G-‰-hpw- ]-[m-\- hm-X-Iw-G-‰-hpw- Ip-d-™- Xn-f-\n-e-(t_m-bn-enw-Kv- t]m-bn-‚ v-)-bp-≈- aq-e-Iw-ssl-U-P-≥ I-gn-™m¬- G-‰-hpw-`m-cw- Ip-d-™- aq-e-Iw-G-‰-hpw- Ip-d-™- sa¬-‰nw-Kv- t]m-bn-‚ v- D-≈- aq-e-Iw-F-b¿-jn-∏p-I-fn¬- D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂- hm-X-Iw-kq-cy-\n¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈-c-≠m-a-sØ- hm-X-Iw-\yq-¢n-b¿- ^yq-j-s‚- ^-e-am-bn-kq -cy -\n¬- cq -]w -sIm-≈-p∂hmXIw

2014 P\p-hcn- 15 ]nFkvkn _p≈¡n≥ 19

kn-)- j-Sv-Im-e- tKm-hn-µ-am-cm¿--Un-)- F- B¿- cm-P-cm-P-h¿-a-

33.- "-A-jv-Smw-K-im-co-cw-'- c-Nn-®-Xv-:-F-)- hm-Kv-`-S-≥_n-)- ]n- F-kv- hm-cy¿-kn-)- C-ń- A-Nyp-X-≥ -Un-)- F¬- F- c-hn-h¿-a-

34.- "-I-Wn-bm-¶p-fw- t]m-cv-'- F-∂- Ir-Xn- G-Xv-km-ln-Xy-im-J-bn¬-s∏-Sp-∂p-?-F-)- h-S-°-≥]m-´p-Iƒ- -_n-)- In-fn-∏m-´v-kn-)- sX-°-≥]m-´p-Iƒ- -Un-)- \m-S-≥]m-´p-Iƒ-

35.- C-S-t»-cn-tKm-hn-µ-≥\m-b-cp-sS- I-hn-X-I-sf- "-i-‡n-bp-sS- I-hn-X-Iƒ-'- F-∂- hn-ti-jn-∏n-®-Xv.-F-)- F-≥ hn- Ir-jv-W-hm-cy¿- -_n-)- Fw- F-≥ hn-P-b-≥kn-)- tPm-k-^v- ap-≠-t»-cn- -Un-)- k¿-Zm¿- sI- Fw- ]-Wn-°¿-

36.- am¿-Øm-fi-h¿-a-bp-sS- Im-e-Øv- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-s‚- X-e-ÿm-\w-:-F-)- I¬-°p-fw- (]-fl-\m-`-]p-cw-)- -_n-)- am-th-en-°-c- kn-)- B-e-∏p-g-Un-)- sIm-´m-c-°-c-

37.- In-kv-Xp-a-X-Øn¬-tN¿-∂- \m-Sm¿- kv-Xo-Iƒ-°v- am-dp-a-d-bv-°m-\p-≈- A-\p-hm-Zw-\¬-In-sIm-≠p-≈- D-Ø-c-hv- ]p-d-s∏-Sp-hn-®- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- Zn-hm-≥.-F-)- cm-Pm- tI-i-h-Zm-kv- -_n-)- th-ep-Ø-ºn- Z-f-h-kn-)- tI-W¬- a-¨-tdm- -Un-)- l-_o-_q-≈-

38.- Xm-sg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-bn¬- io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hn-s‚- Ir-Xn-b-√m-Ø-Xv-:-F-)- th-Zm-[n-Im-c-\n-cq-]-Ww- -_n-)- B-tflm-]-tZ-i-i-X-Iw-kn-)- Z¿-i-\-am-e- -Un-)- ssZ-h-i-X-Iw-

39.- ]m-en-bw- k-Xy-K-l-Øn-\v- t\-Xr-Xzw-\¬-In-b-Xv-:-F-)- io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp- -_n-)- Sn- sI- am-[-h-≥kn-)- F- Pn- th-em-bp-[-≥ -Un-)- N-´-ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ-

40.- kz-tZ-im-`n-am-\n- sI- cm-a-Ir-jv-W-]n-≈-F-hn-sS-h-®m-Wv- A-¥-cn-®-Xv-?-F-)- a-Zm-kv- _n-)- s\-øm-‰n-≥I-c-kn-)- A-©p-sX-ßv- Un-)- I-Æq¿-

41.- A-®-Sn-bp-sS- N-cn-X-Øn¬- a-e-bm-fw- en-]n-bn¬- B-Zy-am-bn- A-®p-Iƒ- \n-c-Øn-ap-Z-Ww- sN-ø-s∏-´-Xv- H-cp- ]-kv-Xm-h-\-bm-Wv.- B-cp-sS-?-F-)- A-∏p-`-´v- _n-)- C-ń- A-Nyp-X-≥

t_¬- k-Ωm-\-am-Wv- - C-°-tWm-an-Iv-kv-_p-°¿- k-Ωm-\w- c-≠p- ]m-h-iyw- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- hy-‡n-˛- sP.-Fw.-Iq-‰v-tk--_-Z¬- s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-˛- ssd-‰v- sse-hv-en-lp-Uv- A-hm¿-Uv-- -c-W-L-S-\m-]-Z-hn-bn-en-cn-s°- B-Zy-am-bn- `m-c-X-c-Xv-\w- _-lp-a-Xn-°v- A¿-l-\m-b-Xv-˛-tUm.-cm-[m-Ir-jv-W-≥`m-c-X-c-Xv-\- e-`n-®- G-‰-hpw- ]m-bw- Ip-d-™- hy-‡n-˛- k-®n-≥ sS-≥Up¬-°¿-`m-c-X-c-Xv-\w- e-`n-®- B-Zy- cm-jv-S-]-Xn-˛-tUm.-cm-tP-µ-]-km-Zv-^m-≥kn-se- G-‰-hpw- D-b¿-∂- ssk-\n-I- _-lp-a-Xn-˛- eo-Pn-b-≥ Hm-^v- Hm-W¿--a-Kv-k-tk- A-hm¿-Uv- C-¥y-bn¬-\n-∂pw-B-Zy-am-bn- t\-Sn-b- h-\n-X-˛- a-Z¿- sX-tc-k- (1962)-G-Xv- `m-j-bm-Wv- km-ln-Xy-Øn-\p-≈-s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬-t\-Sn-bn-´p-≈-Xv-˛- ^-©v-k-am-[m-\- s\m-t_¬- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- h-\n-X- - s_¿-Øm- thm- - k-Sv-\¿- (1905)-G-Xv- hn-j-b-Øn-se- s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\-am-Wv- B¬- -Uv- s\m-t_¬- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv- A-√m-Ø-Xv-˛- C-°-tWm-an-Iv-kv-h-b-em¿- A-hm¿-Uv- B-cw-`n-®- h¿-jw-˛-1977-`m-c-X-c-Xv-\- _-lp-a-Xn- e-`n-®- c-≠m-a-sØ- im-kv-X-⁄-≥˛-F.-]n.-sP.- A-_v-Zpƒ- I-emw-cm-P¿-jn- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂- `m-c-X-c-Xv-\- tP-Xm-hv- ˛- ]p-cp-tjm-Øw-Zm-kv- T-Wv-U-≥-]-c-a-ho-c-N-Iw- cq-]-I-ev-]-\- sN-bv-X-Xm-cv-˛- km-hn-Xn- J-t\m¬-°¿-]p-en-‰v-k¿- ]p-c-kv-Im-cw- \¬-Ip-∂- A-

ta-cn-°-bn-se- k¿-h-I-em-im-e-˛- sIm-fw-_n-b--]p-en-‰v-k¿- ]p-c-kv-Im-cw- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv-˛- tPm-k-^v- ]p-en-‰v-k¿-_p-°¿- k-Ωm-\w- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- C-¥y-≥ hw-i-P-≥ ˛- hn.-F-kv.-\-bv-t]mƒ--`m-c-X- c-Xv-\- t\-Sn-b- C-¥y-°m-c-\-√m-Ø- B-Zy- hy-‡n-˛- Jm-≥ A-_v-Zpƒ- Km-^¿- Jm-≥`m-c-X-c-Xv-\-hpw- Hm-W-d-dn- Hm-kv-Im-dpw-t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- hy-‡n-˛- k-Xy-Pn-Xv- td-]p-en-‰v-k¿- k-Ωm-\w- t\-Sn-b- G-I- A-ta-cn-°-≥ ]-kn-U-‚ v-˛-tPm-¨- F-^v.-sI-∂-Un-- m-c-X-c-Xv-\w- I-gn-™m¬- C-¥ym-K-h- -sa-‚ v- \¬-Ip-∂- G-‰-hp-ap-b¿-∂- _-lp-a-Xn-˛- ]-c-a-ho-c-N-Iw--`m-c-X-c-Xv-\w- tP-Xm-°-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Im-ew- Po-hn-®n-cp-∂-Xv-˛- Un.-sI.-Im¿-th--]-Y-a- am-≥ _p-°¿- ss]-kv- t\-Sn-b-C-kv-am-bn¬- Jm-Zn-sd- G-Xp- cm-Py-°m-c-\m-Wv-˛- A¬-t_-\n-b-1993˛¬- X-s‚- cm-jv-So-b- ]-Xn-tbm-Kn-s°m-∏w- (F-^v.-U-ªyp.- Un- ¢¿-°v-)- k-am-[m-\- s\m-t_¬- ]-¶n-´-Xm-cv-˛-s\¬-k-¨-a-t≠-e-B-Zy-am-bn- ]-c-a-ho-c-N-I-Øn-\v- A¿-l-\m-b-Xv-˛- ta-P¿- tkm-a-\m-Y-i¿-a--G-Xv- A-hm¿-Um-Wv- A-°m-Z-an- A-hm¿-Uv- F-∂- t]-cn-epw- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-˛-Hm-kv-I¿-]p-en-‰v-k¿- ]p-c-kv-Im-cw- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy-C-¥y-°m-cn-˛- Ppw-_m- em-ln-cn-_p-°¿- k-Ωm-\w- e-`n-®- B-Zy- a-e-bm-fn- h-\n-X-˛-A-cp-‘-Xn- tdm-bn--`m-c-X-c-Xv-\w- In-ń-b-h-cn¬- C-¥y-≥ D-]-`q-J-Wv-U-Øn-\p- sh-fn-bn¬- ]u-c-Xz-ap-≈- G-I- hy-‡n-˛- s\¬-k-¨- a-t≠-e-`m-c-X-c-Xv-\w- t\-Sn-b- G-I- hy-h-km-bn-˛- sP.-B¿.-Un.-Sm-‰-`-Sv-\-K¿- A-hm¿-Uv- G-Xp- ta-J-e-bn¬-\¬-Ip-∂p-˛- im-kv-Xw-

Iyq_B-‚n-e-kn-s‚- ap-Øv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- cm-Pyw--tem-I-Øn-s‚- ]-©-km-c-°n-Æw-F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- cm-Pyw-

v-tfm-dn-U- I-S-en-Sp-°v- A-ta-cn-°-bv-°pw- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øn-\pw- C-S-bv-°m-Wv--I-co-_n-b-≥ Zzo-]p-I-fn¬-h-®v- G-‰-hpw- h-ep-Xv-1965˛¬- t_m-fo-hn-b-bn¬- km-bp-[- hn-π-hw- \-S-Øm-≥ sN-tKz-c-sb-k-lm-bn-®- cm-Pyw-Kzm-≠-\m-tam- P-bn¬- G-Xv- Zzo-]n-em-Wv-\m-j-W¬- A-kw-_v-fn- Hm-^v- ]o-∏nƒ-kv- ]-h¿- F-hn-S-sØ- \n-b-a-\n¿-am-W-k-`-bm-Wv--1898˛-se- kv-]m-\n-jv-˛- A-ta-cn-°-≥ bp-≤w- Xp-S-ßn-b-Xv- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øv--I-co-_n-b-≥ Zzo-]-cm-jv-S-ß-fn¬- P-\-kw-Jy-bn¬- ap-∂n-ep-≈Xv

kn-)- hn-\m-b-I-`-´v- -Un-)- cw-K-`-´v-42.- C-f-bn-S-Øp- kz-cq-]-sØ- (sIm- m-c-°-c-)-

Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬- e-bn-∏n-®-Xv-:-F-)- [¿-a-cm-Pm-hv- -_n-)- kzm-Xn-Xn-cp-\mƒ-kn-)- am¿-Øm-fi-h¿-a--Un- B-bn-eyw- Xn-cp-\mƒ-

43.- km-aq-ln-I- ]-cn-jv-Im-c-Øn-\p-th-≠n- Xq-en-I- N-en-∏n-®- B-Zy-sØ- a-e-bm-f- I-hn-F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-F-)- sN-dp-t»-cn- -_n-)- F-gp-Ø-—-≥kn-)- ]q-¥m-\w- Un-)- Ip-©-≥ \-ºym¿-

44.-"-]p-d-°m-Sv-'- cm-Pyw- A-dn-b-s∏- n-cp-∂- a-s‰m-cp- t]-cv-:-F-)- h-S-°pw-Iq¿- -_n-)- sN-º-I-t»-cn-kn-)- sX-°pw-Iq¿- -Un-)- I-c-∏p-dw-

45.- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im¿- Ip-™m-en- \m-em-a-s‚- in-c- v- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- tIm-en¬-tIm¿-Øv- ]-Z¿-in-∏n-®-Xv-?-F-)- s]m-∂m-\n- -_n-)- I-Æq¿-kn-)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- Un-)- tIm-´-bv-°¬-

46.-t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im¿- F-hn-sS-h-®m-Wv- Ip-™m-en- \m-em-a-sØ- hn-Nm-c-W-sN-bv-X-Xv-?-F-)- sIm-®n- -_n-)- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv-kn-)- tIm-´-bv-°¬- Un-)- tKm-h-

47.- "-In-fn-∏m-´v-'- F-∂- Im-hy-co-Xn-bp-sS- D-]-⁄m-Xm-hv-:-F-)- Ip-©-≥\-ºym¿- _n-)- sN-dp-t»-cn-kn-)- ]q-¥m-\w- -Un-)- F-gp-Ø-—-≥

48.- "-X-¥-k-ap-®-b-'-Øn-s‚- I¿-Øm-hv-:-F-)- D-Z-fi-im-kv-Xn-Iƒ- -_n-)- Im-°-t»-cn- `-´-Xn-cn-kn-)- ]q-\w- \-ºq-Xn-cn- -Un-)- tN-∂m-kv- \-ºq-Xn-cn-

49.- G-Xv- ]-tZ-i-Øn-s‚- ]-g-b-t]-cm-bn-cp-∂p-"-Hm-S-\m-Sv-'-F-)- ]-¥-fw- -_n-)- \m-©n-\m-Sv-kn-)- Im-bw-Ip-fw- -Un-)- \o-te-iz-cw-

50 G-Xv- hn-tZ-i- i-‡n-bp-sS- k-º¿-°-^-e-am-bm-Wv- tI-c-f-Øn¬- "-N-hn- p-\m-S-Iw-'- F-∂- I-em-cq-]w- B-h¿-`-hn-®-Xv-?-F-)- _n-ó-jp-Im¿- _n-)- U-®p-Im¿-kn-)- ^-©p-Im¿- -Un-)- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im¿-

D-Ø-cw

1.- Un- 2.- F- 3.- kn- 4.- F- 5.- _n-

6.- kn- 7.- F- 8.- F- 9.- kn- 10.- Un-

11.- F- 12.- F- 13.- F 14.- _n- 1 5 . -F -

16.- kn- 17.- kn- 18.- _n 19.- Un 20.- kn-

21.- _n- 22.- F- 23.- _n- 24.- Un- 25.- _n-

26.- F- -27.- kn- 28.- Un- 29.- F- 30.- _n-

31.- _n- 32.- F- 33.- _n- 34.- kn- 35.- F-

36.- F- 37.- kn- 38.- F- 39.- kn- 40.- Un-

41.- _n- 42.- kn- 43.- Un- 44.- _n- 45.- _n-

46.- Un- 47.- Un- 48.- Un- 49.- kn.- 50.- Un-

]pckvImcßfpw_lpaXnIfpw

kzX-¥- C-¥y-bn¬- P-\n-®v- m-c-X- c-Xv-\-Øn-\v- A¿-l-\m-b- B-Zy-hy-‡n-˛- k-®n-≥ sS-≥Up¬-°¿-\-bp-Zm-Ω- A-hm¿-Uv- G-Xp- cw-K-hp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p- - im-kv-X- -km-t¶-Xn-Iw--\q-dm-a-sØ- km-ln-Xy- s\m-t_¬- tP-Xm-hv-˛- sP.-Fw.-Iq-‰v-tk--]n-∂-Wn- Km-bn-I-sb-∂- \n-e-bn¬- ]-i-kv-X-bm-b- m-c-X-c-Xv-\w- tP-Xm-hv-˛- e-Xm-a-t¶-jv-I¿--]-fl-io,- ]-fl-`q-j-¨,- ]-fl-hn-`q-j-¨,-`m-c-X-c-Xv-\w- F-∂n-h-t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- hy-‡n-˛- k-Xy-Pn-Xv- td--^m¬-t°- A-hm¿-Upw- m-c-X-c-Xv-\-hpw-t\-Sn-b- G-I- h-\n-X-˛- e-Xm-a-t¶-jv-I¿--_m-¶v- Hm-^v- kzo-U-≥ ss]-kv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- G-Xv- hn-j-b-Øn-se- s\m-

tlm¿Øqkvae_mdn°kv

a-e-bm-f-`m-j- B-Zy-am-bn- A-®-Sn-°-s∏-´-Xv- G-Xp- K-Ÿ-Øn-em-Wv--tI-c-f-Øn-\v- U-®p-Im-cp-sS- an-I-®-kw- m-h-\-bm-bn- ]-cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂- K-Ÿw--sIm-®n-bn-se- U-®p-K-h¿-W-dm-bn-cp-∂- hm-≥ do-Un-s‚- c-£m-[n-Im-c-Øn¬- X-øm-dm-°-s∏- - k-ky-im-kv-X-K-Ÿw--tUm.-sI-F-kv- a-Wn-em¬- a-e-bm-f-Øn-te-°v- ]-cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Øn-b,-tI-c-f-Øn-se- hr-£-e-Xm-Zn-I-sf-°p-dn-®v- ]-Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂- U-®p-Im-cp-sS- K-Ÿ-k-am-lm-c-ta-Xv--C-ń- A-Nyp-X-≥ F-∂- ]m-c-º-cy-ssh-Zy-s‚- k-lm-b-tØm-sS- X-øm-dm-°n- U-®p-Im¿- Bw-Ã¿-Um-an¬-\n-∂v- 12 hm-ey-ß-fm-bn- ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®- K-Ÿ- k-am-lm-c-ta-Xv

tlman sP.`m`-Sm-‰- C-≥Ãn-‰yq-´v- Hm-^v- ^-≠-sa-‚¬- dn-k¿-®n-s‚- ÿm-]-I-U-b-d-Iv-S¿--tSmw-s_- A-t‰m-an-Iv- dn-k¿-®v-F-Ãm-ªn-jv-sa-‚ v- B-cp-sS- kv-a-c-Wm¿-Yw- \m-a-I-c-Ww- sN-ø-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p-1948˛¬- ÿm-]n-X-am-b- A-t‰m-an-Iv- F-\¿-Pn- I-Ωn-j-s‚- B-Zy- sN-b¿-am-≥-1966˛¬- hn-am-\m-]-I-S-Øn¬- a-cn-®- C-¥y-≥ im-kv-X-⁄-≥B-cp-sS- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-em-Wv- G-jy-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- B-W-h-dn-bm-Iv-S¿- tSmw-s_-bn¬- ÿm-]n-X-am-b-Xv-C-¥y-≥ B-W-h-im-kv-X-Øn-s‚- ]n-Xm-hv-

20 ]nFkvkn _p≈¡n≥ 2014 P\p-hcn- 15

-G-Xp- hn-j-b-Øn-se- s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\-am-Wv- kw-L-S-\-Iƒ-°pw- e-`n-°m-≥

A¿-l-X- D-≈-Xv-˛- k-am-[m-\w-G-Xp- Ir-Xn-sb- ap-≥\n¿-Øn-bm-Wv- F-kv.-sI.-s]m-‰-°m-ń-\v- ⁄m-\-]o-Tw- \¬-In-

b-Xv-˛- H-cp- tZ-i-Øn-s‚- I-Y-H-cp- s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w- ]-c-am-h-[n- F-X- t]¿-°v- ]-¶n-Smw-˛- 3

Hm-kv-I¿- in¬-]w- cq-]-I¬-]-\- sN-bv-X-Xv- ˛-sk-Un-Iv- Kn-∫-¨-kv-I-_o¿- k-Ωm-\w- \¬-Ip-∂-Xv- G-Xv- kw-

ÿm-\- k¿-°m-cm-Wv-˛- a-[y-]-tZ-iv--I-enw-K- ss]-kv- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂- kw-L-S-\-˛- bp-s\-kv-tIm-

k-am-[m-\-Øn-\p-≈- C-Kv- s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- C-¥y-°m-c-≥˛- A-S¬- _n-lm-cn- hm-Pv-t]-bn-

k-am-[m-\-Øn-\p-≈- s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w-e-`n-®- B-Zy-sØ- A-ta-cn-°-≥ ]-kn-U-‚ v-˛- Xn-tbm-U¿- dq-kv-sh¬-‰v-

-B-fl-l-Xy- sN-bv-X- km-ln-Xy- s\m-t_¬- tP-Xm-°ƒ- - G-W-Ãv- sl-an-Mv-th,-bm-kp-\m-cn- I-hm-_-Ø-

`m-c-X-c-Xv-\w- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- hn-tZ-in-˛- Jm-≥ A-_v-Zpƒ- Km-^¿- Jm-≥-A¿-Pp-\- A-hm¿-Uv- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- In-

°-‰¿-˛- k-enw- Zp-cm-\n-

an-I-®- \-S-\p-≈- Hm-kv-I¿- A-hm¿-Uv- B-Zy-am-bn- t\-Sn-b-Xv-˛- F-an¬- sP-∂n-Mv-kv-an-I-®- I¿-j-I-\v- kw-ÿm-\-k¿-°m¿-

\¬-Ip-∂- A-hm¿-Uv-˛- I¿-j-tIm-Ø-a-aq¿-Øn-tZ-hn- A-hm¿-Uv- G-Xp- ta-J-e-bn-em-Wv- \¬-Ip-∂-Xv-˛- km-ln-Xyw-

aq¿-Øo-tZ-hn- A-hm¿-Uv- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv-˛- ⁄m-\-]o-Tw- S-Ãv-B-Zy-sØ- h-b-em¿- A-hm¿-Uv- t\-Sn-b-

Ir-Xn-˛- A-Kv-\n-km-£n-B-Zy-sØ- k-c-kz-Xn- k-Ωm-\w- e-`n-®-Xm¿-°v-˛- l-cn-hw-i-dm-bv- _-®-≥

B-Zy-sØ- Kp-]v-X-≥ \m-b¿- A-hm¿-Uv-t\-Sn-b-Xv-˛- Fw.-eo-em-h-Xn--C-¥y-bp-sS-bpw- ]m-In-kv-Xm-s‚-bpw- ]-c-

tam-∂-X- _-lp-a-Xn- t\-Sn-b- G-I- C-¥y-°m-c-≥˛- sam-dm¿-Pn- tZ-im-bn--C-¥ym- K-h-¨-sa-‚n-s‚- B-Zy-sØ- k-

b-≥kv- A-hm¿-Un-\v- A¿-l-\m-b-Xv-˛- kn.-F-≥.-F-≥.-dm-hp--C-µn-cm-Km-‘n- A-hm¿-Uv- t^m¿- C-‚¿-

\m-j-W¬- P-Ãn-kv- B-‚ v- lm¿-a-Wn-°v-A¿-l-\m-b- Z-£n-Wm-^n-°-≥ t\-Xm-h-˛-s\¬-k-¨-a-t≠-e-

]-i-kv-X- K-Wn-X- im-kv-X-⁄-≥ s_¿-Sm-≥Uv- d-k-en-\v- s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w-e-`n-®- hn-j-bw-˛- km-ln-Xyw-

-A-≤ym-]-I-cp-sS- an-I-®- c-N-\-bv-°v- kw-ÿm-\- s]m-Xp- hn-Zym-`ym-k- h-Ip-∏v- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂- A-hm¿-Uv-˛- tPm-k-

^v- ap-≠-t»-cn- A-hm¿-Uv--a-c-Wm-\-¥-c- _-lp-a-Xn-bm-bn- k-am-[m-\- s\m-t_-en-\¿-l-\m-b- bp.-F-≥.-sk-I-

-dn- P-\-d¬- - Um-Kv- lm-a¿-tjmƒ-Uv-(1961)-s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- B-^n-°-≥ km-ln-Xy-Im-c-≥˛- thmƒ- tkm-

bn-¶- (1986,- ss\-Po-cn-b-)--s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy-sØ-]-cn-ÿn-Xn- ]-h¿-Ø-I- - hmw-Km-cn- am-Xm-

bn-s_¿-Sm-≥Uv- d-k-en-\v- km-ln-Xy- s\m-t_¬- e-`n-®- h¿-jw-˛- 1950

sd-Uv- tIm-kn-\v- s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w-e-`n-®- h¿-jw-˛- 1917,-1944,-1963-`m-c-X-c-Xv-\- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy-sØ- kn-\n-am-

Xm-cw-˛-Fw.-Pn.- cm-a-N-µ-≥`m-c-X-c-Xv-\-bv-°v- A¿-l-bm-b- B-Zy- h-\n-X- ˛- C-µn-cm-Km-‘n-

-`m-c-X-c-Xv-\w- _-lp-a-Xn- e-`n-®- B-Zy- ]-[m-\-a-¥n-˛-P-hm-l¿-em¬- s\-lp-

- m-c-X-c-Xv-\w- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- D-]-I-c-W- kw-Ko-X- hn-Z-Kv-Z-≥˛- ]-Wv-Un-‰v- c-hn-i-¶¿-`m-c-X-c-Xv-\w- t\-Sn-b- c-≠m-a-sØ- h-\n-

X-˛- a-Z¿- sX-tc-k--^-©v- k¿-°m-cn-s‚- sj-h-en-b¿- ]p-c-kv-Im-cw- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy-sØ- C-¥y-°m-c-

≥˛- in-hm-Pn- K-tW-i-≥-_n-´-Wn-se- G-‰-hpw- D-b¿-∂- ssk-\n-I- _-lp-a-Xn-˛- hn-Iv-tSm-dn-b- tIm-kv-

1964˛¬- km-ln-Xy- s\m-t_¬- \n-cm-I-cn-®- ^-©p- X-Øz-Nn-¥-I-≥˛- Po-≥ t]mƒ-km¿-X- v-

-A¿-Pp-\- A-hm¿-Uv- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-b- h¿-jw-˛- 1961A-tim-I-N-I- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- h-\n-X-˛- I-

a-te-jv- Ip-am-cn--B¿-Pn-X- C-¥y-≥ ]u-c-Xz-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂-B-Zy- `m-c-X-c-Xv-\w- tP-Xm-hv-˛- a-Z¿- sX-

tc-k-B-t_¬- ]p-c-kv-Im-cw- \¬-Ip-∂- cm-Pyw-˛-t\m¿-th-

-B-t_¬- ]p-c-kv-Im-cw- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- C-¥y-°m-c-≥˛- io-\n-hm-k- h-c-Z-≥B-Zy-am-bn- `m-c-X-c-Xv-\w- _-lp-a-Xn-°v-

A¿-l-\m-b- ]-[m-\-a-¥n-˛- P-hm-l¿-em¬- s\-lp-

lw]n-tem-´-kv- a-l¬- F-∂- in¬-]-ku-[w- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv--hn-P-b-\-K-c-km-am-Py-Øn-s‚-A-h-in-jv-S-ßƒ- Im-Wm-≥ I-gn-bp-∂- ÿ-e-ta-Xv--hn-cq-]m-£- t£-Xw- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv--I¿-Wm-S-I- k¿-°m¿- hn-P-b-\-K¿- s^-Ãn-h¬- kw-L-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv--]p-cm-W-ß-fn-se- In-jv-In-‘- F-∂p- hn-iz-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂- \Kcw

Im¿_ÜtbmIvsskUv- -sNm-∆-bp-sS- A-¥-co-£-Øn¬-G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈- hm-X-Iw--ip-I-s‚- A-¥-co-£-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈- hm-X-Iw--tPm-k-^v- ªm-°v- 1754˛¬- I-≠p-]n-Sn-®- hm-X-Iw--l-cn-X-Kr-l- ]-`m-h-Øn-\p- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Im-c-W-am-b- hm-X-Iw--k-ky-ßƒ- ]-Im-i-kw-iv-tf-j-W-k-a-b-Øv- B-Kn-c-Ww- sN-øp-∂- hm-X-Iw--ip-I-s‚- A-¥-co-£-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈- hm-X-Iw---sX-fn-™- Np-Æm-ºv- sh-≈-sØ-]m¬-\n-d-am-°p-∂- hm-X-Iw---G-Xn-s‚- J-cm-h-ÿ-bm-Wv- ssU-sF-kv--A-·n-i-a-\n-I-fn¬- D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂- hm-X-Iw--hn-d-Iv- I-Øp-tºmƒ- ]p-d-Øp-h-cp-∂- hm-X-Iw

NµKp]vX hnIamZnXy≥-i-I-cm-Pm-hm-b- cp-Z-knw-l-s\- h-[n-®- Kp-]v-X-cm-Pm-hv--i-Im-cn- F-∂- _n-cp-Zw- kzo-I-cn-®-Kp-]v-X-cm-Pm-hv--Kp-]v-X-hw-i-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- ]-i-kv-X-\m-b- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn--hn-I-am-Zn-Xy-≥ F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´- Kp-]v-X- N-I-h¿-Øn--Aa-c-knw-l-s‚- ]p-c-kv-I¿-Øm-hv--D-÷-bn-\n- Kp-]v-X-km-am-Py-Øn-s‚- c-≠mw- X-e-ÿm-\-am-°n-b-N-I-h¿-Øn--cp-Z-tk-\-≥ c-≠m-a-\p- hn-hm-lw-sN-bv-Xp-sIm-Sp-Ø- Kp-]v-X- cm-Pm-hv--tZ-ho-N-µ-Kp-]v-Xw- F-∂- kw-kv-Ir-X- \m-S-I-Øn-se- tI-µ- I-Ym-]m-Xw-kw-kv-Ir-X- km-ln-Xy-Øn-s‚- A-K-Ã-≥ bp-K-am-bn- hn-e-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- G-Xv- cm-Pm-hn-s‚- Im-e-am-Wv--i-I-≥am-cp-sS- -c-W-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂-amƒ-h-bpw- ku-cm-jv-S-hpw- (Kp-P-dm-Øv-)- Io-g-S-°n-b- Kp-]v-X-cm-Pm-hv--h-cm-l-an-ln-c-≥ B-cp-sS- k-Z-ky-\m-bn-cp-∂p--sa-lv-tdm-fn- en-Jn-X-Øn¬- ]-cm-a¿-in-°p-∂- Kp-]v-X-cm-Pm-hv--_p-≤-a-X-sØ-°p-dn-®v- ]-Tn-°m-≥^m-ln-bm-≥ C-¥y-bn-se-Øn-b- k-a-b-sØ- Kp-]v-X-cm-Pm-hv--\-h-c-Xv-\-ß-fp-sS- ]p-c-kv-I¿-Øm-hm-bn-cp-∂- Kp-]v-X-cm-Pm-hv--a-t≤y-¥y-bn-se- cm-jv-So-b- i-‡n-bm-bn-cp-∂- hm-Im-S-I-cp-am-bp-≈-_-‘w- sa-®-s∏-Sp-Øm-≥ X-s‚-]p-Xn- ]-`m-h-Xn-sb- hm-Im-S-I- cm-Pm-hm-b-Im-fn-Zm-k-s‚- ]p-c-kv-I¿-Øm-hv--U¬-ln-°p- k-ao-]w-Im-Wp-∂- ]-i-kv-X-am-b- C-cp-ºv- Xq-Wv- \n¿-an-®-Xv- G-Xv- -c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bp-sS- Im-e-Øm-Wv--i-I-≥am-sc- ]-cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Kp-]v-X-cm-Pm-hv-G-Xv- Kp-]v-X-cm-Pm-hn-s‚- Im-e-sØ-cm-jv-So-b- -km-aq-ln-I- km-l-N-cy-am-Wv- ^m-ln-bm-s‚- Ir-Xn-I-fn¬-hn-h-cn-°p-∂-Xv

Pndm^v-G-‰-hpw- D-b¿-∂- c-‡-k-Ω¿-±-ap-≈- ar-Kw---G-‰-hpw- \o-fw-Iq-Sn-b- hm-ep-≈-ar-Kw--G-Xv- ar-K-Øn-s‚- ]n-b-s∏-´- `-£-W-am-Wv- A-t°-jy- C-e-Iƒ---I-gp-Øn-s‚- \o-fw- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈- Po-hn---sIm-ºp-am-bn- P-\n-°p-∂- G-I-ar-Kw---Xm-≥km-\n-b-bp-sS- tZ-io-b- ar-Kw---i-_v-Z-\m-fn-I-fn-√m-Ø- ar-Kw---I-c-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- D-b-cw-Iq-Sn-b-ar-Kw---I-c-bn-se- k-kv-X-\-ß-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- \o-fw-Iq-Sn-b- \-s´-√p-≈-Xv---I-gp-Øv- ]-Xn-tcm-[-Øn-\v- D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂- k-kv-X-\w

F-gp-Ø-—-≥ ]p-c-kv-Im-cw- B-Zy-am-bn- t\-

Sn-b-Xv-˛- iq-c-\m-Sv- Ip-™-≥]n-≈- (1993)-F-gp-Ø-—-≥ ]p-c-kv-Im-cw- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy-h-\n-X-˛- _m-em-a-Wn-b-Ω- (1995)

-H-tc- hn-j-b-Øn¬- c-≠p- s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w- In-ń-b- B-Zy- hy-‡n-˛- tPm-¨-_m¿-Uo-≥(^n-kv-Iv-kv-˛-1956,-1972)-

k-c-kz-Xn- k-Ωm-\w- \¬-Ip-∂-Xv-˛- sI.-sI.-_n¿-fm- û-t≠-j-≥-s\¬-k-¨- a-t≠-e- `m-c-X- c-Xv-\- _-lp-

a-Xn-°v- A¿-l-\m-b- h¿-jw-˛- 1990-Zm-Zm- km-tl-_v- m¬-s°- A-hm¿-Uv- t\-Sn-b- hn.-sI.-aq¿-Øn- G-Xv- ta-J-e-bn-em-

Wv- ]-i-kv-X-≥˛- Om-bm-K-l-Ww--k-am-[m-\-Øn-\p-≈- s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w-e-`n-®- B-Zy-sØ- I-dp-Ø- h¿-K-°m-c-≥˛-

dm¬-^v- _-©v- (1950)-G-Xp- hn-j-b-Øn-em-Wv- G-‰-hpw- H-Sp-hn¬-s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv-

˛- C-°-tWm-an-Iv-kv--H-tc- hn-j-b-Øn¬- c-≠p- s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w- In- n-b- c-≠m-a-sØ- hy-‡n- - s -

U-dn-Iv- kmw-K¿- (sI-an-kv-Sn-˛-1958,-1980)-k-am-[m-\- s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\-Zm-\w- \-S-°p-∂- \-K-cw-˛- Hm-kv-tem-

k-am-[m-\-Øn-\p-≈- s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w-t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- A-d-_v- h-\n-X-˛- jn-dn-≥C-_m-Zn- (C-dm-≥)-km-aq-ln-I- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-\p-≈- a-Kv-k-tk-

A-hm¿-Uv- C-¥y-bn¬-\n-∂pw- B-Zy-am-bn-

πmhv-G-Xn-s‚- im-kv-X-\m-a-am-Wv- B¿-t´m-Im¿-∏-kv- sl-‰-tdm-^n-√-kv--G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- Im-bv- D-≈- a-cw---_w-•m-tZ-in-s‚- tZ-io-b- ^-ew- G-Xv- a-c-Øn-s‚- ^-e-am-Wv--N-S-ßp-I-fn¬- ]-s¶-Sp-°p-tºmƒ-]p-tcm-ln-X-≥am¿- C-cn-°p-∂- B-h-Wn-∏-e-I- \n¿-an-°p-∂-Xv- G-Xp- a-c-Øn-s‚- X-Sn- sIm-≠m-Wv--ho-W,- Xw-_p-cp- ap-X-em-b- kw-Ko-tXm-]-I-c-W-ß-fp-sS- \n¿-am-W-Øn-\v- D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv- G-Xv- a-c-Øn-s‚- X-Sn-bm-Wv-- -G-‰p-am-\q¿- t£-X-Øn-se- G-g-c-s∏m-∂m-\- \n¿-an-°m-\p-]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂- X-Sn- G-Xv- a-c-Øn-t‚-Xm-Wv--G-Xv- a-c-Øn-s‚- t]m-Sn-\p-≈n¬- H-fn-®m-Wv- am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a- H-cn-°¬- i-Xp-°-fn¬-\n-∂v- c-£-s∏- Xv

`m-c-X-c-Xv-\w- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- h-\n-X-˛- C-µn-cm- Km-‘n-

a-Kv-k-tk- A-hm¿-Uv- tP-Xm-°ƒ-°v- k-a¿-∏n-°p-∂- Xo-b-Xn-˛- B-K-kv-Xv- 31B-Zy-sØ- n-tdm-Zn-b- A-hm¿-Un-\v- A¿-

l-\m-b-Xv-˛-F.-]n.-sP.- A-_v-Zpƒ- I-emw--c-≠p-X-h-W- s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w- t\-Sn-b- h-\n-X-˛- ta-cn- Iyq-dn-

-c-≠v- k-b-≥kv- hn-j-b-ß-fn¬- s\m-t_¬-k-Ωm-\w- t\-Sn-b- G-I- hy-‡n-˛- am-Uw-Iyq-dn-

G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Hm-kv-I¿- A-hm¿-Uv-t\-Sn-b-Xv-˛- hmƒ-´v- Un-kv-\n- (26)-G-Xp- `m-j-bn¬- c-N-\-\-S-Øp-∂-h¿-°m-

Wv- C-Iv-_m¬- k-Ωm-\w- \¬-Ip-∂-Xv-˛-D-dp-Zp-G-Xp- am-k-Øn-em-Wv- s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-

\w- ]-Jym-]n-°p-∂-Xv-˛- H-Iv-tSm-_¿-

2014 P\p-hcn- 15 ]nFkvkn _p≈¡n≥ 21

t\-Sn-b-Xv-˛- hn-t\m-_m- `m-sh-(1958)-

-Km-‘n- k-am-[m-\- k-Ωm-\-Øn-\¿-l-\m-b- B-Zy-sØ- `m-c-Xo-b-≥˛- _m-_m- Bw-sX-

-kn.-hn.-cm-a-\v- G-Xp- hn-j-b-Øn-em-Wv-s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w- e-`n-®-Xv-˛- Du¿-P-X-¥w-

s\m-t_¬- A-°m-Z-an- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-˛-kzo-U-≥-Z- sk-°-‚ v- thƒ-Uv- hm¿- F-∂- Ir-Xn-

sb- ap-≥\n¿-Øn- km-ln-Xy- s\m-t_¬-(1953)- \¬-I-s∏-´- hy-‡n-˛-k¿- hn-≥Ã-¨- N¿-®n¬-

`m-c-X-c-Xv-\w- tP-Xm-°-fn¬- C-¥y-°p- sh-fn-bn¬- P-\n-®- B-Zy- hy-‡n-˛- a-Z¿- sX-tc-k-

-a-c-Wm-\-¥-c- _-lp-a-Xn-bm-bn- m-c-X-c-Xv-\- e-`n-®- B-Zy-hy-‡n-˛- em¬- _-lm-Zq¿-im-kv-Xn-

-a-c-Wm-\-¥-c-_-lp-a-Xn-bm-bn- B-Zy-am-bn-Hm-kv-I¿- A-hm¿-Un-\¿-l-\m-b-Xv- - kn-Uv-\n- tlm-hm¿-Uv- (1939)-

-a-Kv-k-tk- A-hm¿-Upw- m-c-X-c-Xv-\-hpw- e-`n-®- B-Zy- hy-‡n-˛- a-Z¿- sX-tc-k- (1962,-1980)-

-c-k-X-¥-Øn-\pw- k-am-[m-\-Øn-\pw- s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w- t\-Sn-b- hy-‡n-˛- en-\-kv- t]m-fn-Mv-

cm-P¿-jn-F-∂-dn-b-s∏- n-cp-∂- m-c-X-c-Xv-\w-tP-Xm-hv-˛- ]p-cp-tjm-Øw- Zm-kv- T-≠-≥c-≠p- hy-Xy-kv-X-hn-j-b-ß-fn¬- s\m-

t_¬- k-Ωm-\w- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- hy-‡n-˛-am-Uw- Iyq-dn-F-kv.-sI.-s]m-‰-°m-ń-s\- ⁄m-\-]o-T-

Øn-\¿-l-\m-°n-b- Ir-Xn-˛- H-cp- tZ-i-Øn-s‚- I-Y--G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\-

ßƒ- t\-Sn-b-Xv-˛- sd-Uv-tIm-kv- (1917,-1944,-1963)--G-jy-bp-sS- s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w- F-∂-

dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-˛- a-Kv-k-tk- A-hm¿-Uv--G-Xp- kw-ÿm-\-sØ- k¿-°m-cm-Wv- Xm-

\w- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- h-\n-X-˛- A-cp-W- B-k-^v- A-en--C-¥y-bn¬- [o-c-X-bv-°p-≈- ]-c-tam-∂-X-

ssk-\n-I- _-lp-a-Xn-˛- ]-c-a-ho-c-N-Iw-C-¥y-bn¬- Im-bn-I-cw-K-Øv- \¬-Ip-∂- G-‰-hpw- D-b¿-∂- _-lp-a-Xn- - cm-Po-hv-Km-‘n-

tJ¬-c-Xv-\-C-¥y-bn-se- kn-\n-am-cw-K-sØ- G-‰-hpw-D-b¿-∂- A-hm¿-Uv-˛- Zm-Zm-km-tl-_v-

^m¬-s°-F-hn-S-sØ- cm-Pm-hm-Wv- s\m-t_¬- ]p-c-kv-Im-cw- k-Ωm-\n-°p-∂-Xv-˛- kzo-U-≥

G-Xp- cw-K-Øn-em-Wv- G-‰-hp-sam-Sp-hn¬-a-Kv-km-tk- A-hm¿-Uv- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv-˛-]p-Xp-t\-Xr-Xzw-

G-Xp- h¿-jw-ap-X-em-Wv- sam-Øw- km-ln-Xy- kw-`m-h-\-Iƒ- ]-cn-K-Wn-®v- ⁄m-\-]o-Tw- \¬-In-Øp-S-ßn-b-Xv-˛- 1982

G-Xp- hn-`m-K-Øn-se- s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\-tP-Xm-°-sf-bm-Wv- Hm-kv-tem-bn-se- I-tcm-en-\m- C-≥Ãn-‰yq-´v- Xo-cp-am-\n-°p-∂-

Xv-˛- ssh-Zy-im-kv-Xw-Hm-kv-I¿- ]p-c-kv-Im-c-Øn-\v- \¬-Ip-∂-in¬-]-Øn-s‚- `m-cw- ˛- F-´-c- ]u-≠v-

-Hm-kv-I-dn-\p- _-Z-em-bn- I-W-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂- A-hm¿-Uv-˛- C-≥Un-s]-≥U-‚ v- kv-]n-cn-‰v-

Hm-S-°p-g¬- A-hm¿-Uv- \¬-Ip-∂-Xv-˛- Kp-cp-hm-bp-c-∏-≥ S-Ãv-Hm-S-°p-g¬- A-hm¿-Uv- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv-

˛- Pn.- i-¶-c-°p-dp-∏v-hn-≥Ã-¨- N¿-®n¬- km-ln-Xy- s\m-t_-en-\v- A¿-l-\m-b- h¿-jw-˛- 1953

-I-enw-K- ss]-kv- G-Xv- cw-K-sØ- an-I-hn-s\- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°m-\m-Wv- \¬-Ip-∂-Xv-˛-im-kv-X-sØ- P-\-]n-b-am-°p-∂-Xn-\v-

I-enw-K-ss]-kv- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-b- ap-≥ H-

do-km- ap-Jy-a-¥n-˛- _n-Pp- ]-Sv-\m-bn-Iv--Im-bn-I- ]-cn-io-e-I¿-°p-≈- tZ-io-b- A-hm¿-Uv-˛- tZm-Wm-Nm-cy- A-hm¿-Uv-

k-am-[m-\- s\m-t_¬- t\-Sn-b- c-≠m-a-sØ- kw-L-S-\-˛- s]¿-a-\-‚ v- C-‚¿-\m-j-W¬- ]o-kv- _yq-tdm- (1910)-

k-am-[m-\w- H-gn-sI-bp-≈- hn-j-b-ß-fn-se-s\m-t_¬- tP-Xm-°ƒ-°v- G-Xp- cm-Py-Øp-h-®m-Wv- ]p-c-kv-Im-cw- \¬-Ip-∂-Xv-˛-

kzo-U-≥km-ln-Xy- s\m-t_-en-\¿-l-\m-b- c-≠m-a-Ø- G-jy-°m-c-≥˛- bm-kp-\m-cn- I-hm-

_-Ø- (1968,- P-∏m-≥)- --km-ln-Xy-Øn-\p-≈- s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w-e-`n-®- B-Zy-sØ- Cw-Kv-fo-jv- km-ln-Xy-

Im-c-≥˛- dp-Uv-bm¿-Uv- In-πn-Mv-P-Rm-\-]o-Tw,- F-gp-Ø-—-≥ ]p-c-kv-Im-cw,-h-≈-tØmƒ- ]p-c-kv-Im-cw- F-∂n-h- t\-

Sn-b- B-Zy- hy-‡n-˛- X-I-gn-Pv-Rm-\-]o-Tw- t\-Sn-b- c-≠m-a-sØ- X-an-gv- km-ln-Xy-Im-c-≥˛-Un.-P-b-Im-¥-≥

-sF-Iy-cm-jv-S-kw-L-S-\-bp-sS- bq-tdm-]y-≥ B-ÿm-\-am-b- ]m-e-kv- Hm-^v- t\-j-≥kv- G-Xp- cm-Py-Øm-Wv- kzn-‰v-k¿-e-‚ v-

sN-dp-I-Y-bv-°v- B-Zy-am-bn- h-b-em¿- A-hm¿-Uv- t\-Sn-b-Xv-˛- Sn.-]-fl-\m-`-≥sP.-kn.- Um-\n-tb¬- ]p-c-kv-Im-c-Øn-\¿-

l-bm-b- B-Zy- h-\n-X-˛- B-d-∑p-f- s]m-∂-Ω-ssh-Zy-im-kv-X-Øn¬- B-Zy-am-bn- s\m-

≠-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w- t\-Sn-b-Xv-˛- F-an¬-A-tUmƒ-^v- s_-dn-Mv-t_m¿-tem-Kv- A-hm¿-Uv- G-Xp- ta-J-e-

bn¬- \¬-Ip-∂p-˛- Ir-jn-tem-I-sØ- an-I-®- In-°-‰v- Xm-c-Øn-\p-≈- sF.-kn.-kn.-A-hm¿-Uv-˛- Km-cn- tkm-

t_-gv-kv- A-hm¿-Uv-tI-c-f- k¿-°m-cn-s‚- G-‰-hpw- D-b¿-∂- km-ln-Xy- ]p-c-kv-Im-cw-˛- F-gp-Ø-—-≥ ]p-c-

kv-Im-cw--⁄m-\-]o-T-tP-Xm-hm-b- sF.-F.-F-kv.-Hm-ô-k¿- ˛- ko-Xm-Im-¥v- a-lm-]m-X-

-⁄m-\-]o-Tw- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy-sØ- t\m-h-en-Ãv-˛- Xm-cm-i-¶¿- _m-\¿-Pn-B-Zy-am-bn- `m-c-X-c-Xv-\w- _-lp-a-Xn-°v-

A¿-l-\m-b-Xv-˛- kn.-cm-P-tKm-]m-em-Nm-cn-k-am-[m-\- s\m-t_¬- ]p-c-kv-Im-c-Øn-\¿-l-bm-b- B-Zy-h-\n-X-bm-b- s_¿-Ø- thm-

- k-Sv-\¿- G-Xp- cm-Py-°m-cn-bm-bn-cp-∂p-˛- kzo-U-≥k-am-[m-\- s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\-tP-Xm-hn-

s\- \n-›-bn-°p-∂-Xv-˛- t\m¿-ho-Pn-b-≥

HmMv km≥ kp Nn- -\m-j-W¬- eo-Kv- t^m¿- sU-tam-I-kn- F-∂- ]m¿- n-bp-sS- t\-Xm-hv---G-jy-bp-sS- a-t≠-e- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-cv---ôw- ^w- ^n-b¿- F-∂- ]p-kv-X-I-sa-gp-Xn-b-Xm-cv---ssa-°¬- B-cn-kn-s‚- Po-hn-X- ]-¶m-fn- h-f-sc- ]-i-kv-X-bm-b- H-cp-t\-Xm-hm-Wv.- t]-cv-?--k-am-[m-\- s\m-t_¬- tP-Xm-hm-b- _¿-ao-kv- t\-Xm-hv.--U¬-ln-bn¬- tIm-tf-Pv- hn-Zym-`ym-kw- t\-Sn-b- aym-≥a-dp-Im-cn-bm-b-k-am-[m-\- s\m-t_¬- tP-Xm-hv

a’yw- -G-Xp- Po-hn-bp-sS- iz-k-\m-h-b-h-am-Wv- sN-In-f-∏q-°ƒ---I-S¬-°p-Xn-c- G-Xn-\w- Po-hn-bm-Wv---I-ti-cp-°-fn¬- G-Xn-\m-Wv- lr-Z-b-Øn-\v- c-≠-d-I-fp-≈-Xv---t_mw-s_- U-°v- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- G-Xn-\w- Po-hn-bm-Wv---a-lm-hn-jv-Wp-hn-s‚- Z-im-h-Xm-c-ß-fn¬- B-Zy-tØ-Xv

Cw•ojv-tIm-a-¨-sh¬-Øv- cm-Py-ß-fn¬-G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂- `m-j--G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- bq-tdm-]y-≥ bq-Wn-b-≥ cm-Py-ß-fn¬- Hu-tZym-Kn-I- `m-j-- -C-¥y-≥ I-d-≥kn-bn¬- dn-k¿-hv-_m-¶v- K-h¿-W-dp-sS- H-∏v- c-≠p- `m-j-I-fn¬- Im-Wmw.- H-∂v- ln-µn-bm-Wv.- a-t‰-Xv-?--C-¥y-bn¬- hym-]-I-am-bn- D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-s≠-¶n-epw- F-´mw- sj-Uyq-fn¬- Dƒ-s∏-Sm-Ø- `m-j--G-Xv- m-j-bn-em-Wv- tj-Iv-kv-]n-b¿-c-N-\- \-S-Øn-b-Xv---G-Xv- `m-j-bn-em-Wv- Km-‘n-Pn- l-cn-P-≥ ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv--_m-e-Kw-Km-[-c- Xn-e-I-s‚- a-dm-Ø-F-∂- ]-kn-≤o-I-c-Ww- G-Xv- m-j-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p---G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- im-kv-X-te-J-\-ßƒ- c-Nn-°-s∏-´- `m-j--G-Xv- `m-j-bn-em-Wv- …w-tUm-Kv- an-ey-W¿- F-∂- kn-\n-a---G-Xv- `m-j-bn-em-Wv- Km-‘n-Pn- b-Mv- C-¥y- ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv--im-kv-X-cw-K-Øv- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬-D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂- `m-j---G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- hm-°p-I-fp-≈-`m-j--C-¥y-bn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂- hn-tZ-i-`m-j--C-‚¿-s\-‰n¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂- `m-j---C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- ]-X-am-b-_w-Kmƒ- K-k-‰v- G-Xv- `m-j-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p

kmaqXncn- -B-cp-sS- a-¥n-ap-Jy-\m-bn-cp-∂p- a-ßm-´-®-≥-B-cp-sS- \m-hn-I-tk-\m-Ø-e-h-\m-bn-cp-∂p- Ip-™m-en-a-c-bv-°m¿---Ip-∂-e-t°m-\m-Xn-cn- F-∂- ÿm-\-t∏-cv- kzo-I-cn-®n-cp-∂- cm-Pm-hv---s\-Sn-bn-cp-∏v- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂-tZ-i-L-S-Iw- `-cn-®n-cp-∂- cm-Pm-hv---U-®p-Im¿- B-Zyw- D-S-º-Sn-bp-≠m-°n-b- C-¥y-bn-se- cm-Pm-hv---tc-h-Xn- ]- -Øm-\w- \-S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-cm-Pm-hv--h-≈p-h-\m-Sv- cm-Pm-hn¬-\n-∂v- am-am-¶-Øn-s‚- c-£m-]p-cp-j- ÿm-\w-]n-Sn-s®-Sp-Ø- cm-Pm-hv-- -ssl-Z-c-en- a-e-_m¿- B-I-an-®-t∏mƒ- B-h-iy-s∏- - I-∏w- \¬-Im-≥ I-gn-bm-Ø-Xn-\m¬- sIm- m-c-Øn-\v- Xo-sIm-fp-Øn- B-fl-l-Xy- sN-bv-X- cm-Pm-hv--hm-kv-tIm- U- Km-a- Iq-Sn-°m-gv-N-\-S-Øn-b- B-Zy- C-¥y-≥ cm-Pmhv

Inhn-Lm-W-i-‡n- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sn-b- ]-£n-\yq-kn-e-≥Uv- In-°-‰v- So-an-s\- kq-Nn-∏n-°m-≥ G-Xv- ]-£n-bp-sS- t]-cm-Wv- D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv-G-‰-hpw- Im-gv-N-i-‡n- Ip-d-™- ]-£n-\yq-kn-em-≥Un-s‚- tZ-io-b- ]-£n-i-co-c-h-ep-∏-hp-am-bn- Xm-c-X-ayw- sN-øp-tºmƒ- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- ap-´- G-Xv- ]-£n-bp-tS-Xm-Wv--\yq-kn-e-≥Un¬-am-Xw- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂- ]-£n

_mUvan‚¨-]q-\- sK-bnw-kv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏- n-cp-∂- Im-bn-I- hn-t\m-Zw--a-te-jy-bp-sS- tZ-io-b- Im-bn-I-hn-t\m-Zw--bq-_¿-I-∏p-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-´- Im-bn-I- hn-t\m-Zw--C-s¥m-t\-jy-bp-sS- tZ-io-b- Im-bn-I-hn-t\m-Zw--tXm-a-kv- I-∏v- G-Xp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p--]-Im-iv- ]-Zp-t°m-¨- G-Xp- I-fn-bp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p--ssk-\- t\-hmƒ- G-Xp- I-fn-bp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p

≥sk-≥ k-Ωm-\w- \¬-Ip-∂-Xv-˛- a-[y-]-tZ-iv-

G-Xp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-´m-Wv- sF-≥Ão-\v-1921¬- s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w- e-`n-®-Xv-˛-t^m-t´m- C-e-Iv-Sn-Iv- C-^-Iv-Sn-s‚- hn-i-

Zo-I-c-Ww-h-S-°p- In-g-°-≥ C-¥y-bn¬-\n-∂v- `m-c-X-c-Xv-\w- B-Zy-am-bn- t\-Sn-b-Xv-˛- tKm-]n-\m-

Yv- t_m¿-Z-tem-bv-k-am-[m-\-Øn-\p-≈- s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w-t\-Sn-b- B-Zy-sØ- I-dp-Ø- h¿-K-°m-c-≥ -

dm¬-^v- _-©v- (1950)-km-ln-Xy-Øn-\p-≈- s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w-B-Zy-am-bn- t\-Sn-b-Xv-˛- k-≈n- ]p-t[mw-

s]-≥kn¬- A-hm¿-Uv- G-Xp- ta-J-e-bn-em-Wv- \¬-Ip-∂-Xv-˛- hn-Zym-`ym-kw-a-c-Wm-\-¥-c- _-lp-a-Xn-bm-bn- `m-c-X-c-Xv-

22 ]nFkvkn _p≈¡n≥ 2014 P\p-hcn- 15

]m¿-e-sa-‚ v-

k-am-[m-\- s\m-t_-en-\¿-l-\m-b- c-≠m-a-sØ- bp.-F-≥.-sk-I-´-dn- P-\-d¬-˛- tIm-^n- A-∂-≥ (2001)-

k-c-kz-Xn- k-Ωm-\w- e-`n-®- B-Zy- a-e-bm-fn- h-\n-X-˛-_m-em-a-Wn-b-Ω--km-ln-Xy-s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w- e- n-®- B-

Zy- d-jy-°m-c-≥˛- C-hm-≥ _p-\n-≥(1933)-kn.-hn.-cm-a-\v- s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w- t\-Sn-s°m-

Sp-Ø- I-≠p-]n-Sn-Øw- - cm-a-≥ C- -Iv-Sv-Pv-Rm-\-]o-Tw- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- X-an-gv- km-ln-Xy-Im-c-≥˛-]n.-hn.-A-Jn-em-Wv-U-≥(A-

Jn-e-≥)--s\m-_¬- k-Ωm-\-Zm-\w- \-S-°p-∂- Xo-b-Xn-˛- Un-kw-_¿- 10

s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w- e-`n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap-ºv- (1993)- `m-c-X-c-Xv-\w- e-`n-®- (1990)-G-I- hy-‡n- ˛-s\¬-k-¨-a-t≠-e-

-s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-B¬-^-Uv- s\m-t_¬- G-Xp- cm-Py-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p-˛- kzo-U-≥

s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- ]m-In-kv-Xm-≥Im-c-≥ - A-_v-Z-kv- k-emw- (^n-kn-Iv-kv,- 1979)-

sF-Iy-cm-jv-S- A-¥¿-tZ-io-b- ssP-h-ssh-hn-[y- h¿-j-am-bn- B-N-cn-®-Xv-˛- 2010km-ln-Xy- s\m-t_¬- \n-cm-I-cn-®- d-jy-

≥ F-gp-Øp-Im-c-≥˛- t_m-dn-kv- ]m-Ã¿-\m-Iv- (1958)--km-ln-Xy- s\m-t_-en-\¿-l-\m-b- _n-ó-

jv- ]-[m-\-a-¥n-˛- hn-≥Ã-¨- N¿-®n¬-(1953)-

kv-Sw-km-ln-Xy-Øn-\p-≈- s\m-t_-en-\¿-l-\m-b- Cw-•o-jv- K-Wn-X-im-kv-X-⁄-≥˛-

s_¿-Sm-≥Uv- d-k¬-s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\- tP-Xm-hm¬- tZ-io-b-Km-\w- c-Nn-°-s∏-´- bq-tdm-]y-≥ cm-Pyw-

˛-t\m¿-th--s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- A-d-_v- km-ln-Xy-Im-c-≥˛- \-Po-_v- a-lv-^q-kv-

(1988,- Cu-Pn-]v-Xv-)--s\m-t_¬- ss]-kv- k-Ωm-\n-°p-∂- cm-Pyw-˛- kzo-U-≥

-sF-Iy-cm-jv-S-k-`-bp-sS- lyp-a-≥ ssd-‰v-kv- sa-U-en-\v- B-Zy-am-bn- A¿-l-\m-b-Xv-˛-s\¬-k-¨-a-t≠-e-

-tI-c-f-k¿-°m-cn-s‚- kzm-Xn-]p-c-kv-Im-cw-B-Zy-am-bn- e-`n-®-Xv-˛- sim-Ωm-¶p-Sn- io-\n-hm-k-ø¿-

tIm-¨-K-kn-X-c- k¿-°m-cn-s‚- Im-e-Øv-`m-c-X-c-Xv-\w- ]-Jym-]n-°-s∏-´- B-Zy- hy-

PlmwKo¿-G-Xp- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-bp-sS- Im-e-Øm-Wv- ta-hm¿- ap-Kƒ- ta¬-t°m-bv-a- Aw-Ko-I-cn-®-Xv-- -B-cp-sS- ap-Jy-cm-⁄n-bm-bn-cp-∂p-\q¿-P-lm-≥--Xp-kp-°v-˛-C-˛-P-lmw-Ko-dn- F-∂- B-fl-I-Y- c-Nn-®-Xm-cv---G-Xv- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-bp-sS- Im-e-Øm-Wv- Cw-Kv-fo-jv- Cu-Ãn-¥ym-°-º-\n-°v- C-¥y-bn¬- m-Iv-S-dn- \n¿-an-°m-≥ A-\p-a-Xn- e-`n-®-Xv--G-Xv- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-bp-sS- Im-e-Øm-Wv- ]p-I-bn-e- Ir-jn- B-cw-`n-®-Xv--G-Xv- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-bm-Wv- A-e-k-Po-hn-Xw- \-bn-°p-I-bpw- -c-W-Øn-s‚- I-Sn-™m- - m-cy-bv-°p- hn- p-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X-Xv--G-Xv- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-bp-sS- k-Z- m-Wv- Cw-•o-jp-Im-cm-b- sP-bnw-kv-tlm-°n-≥kpw- tXm-a-kv- tdm-bpw- hym-]m-cm-\p-Iq-ey-ßƒ-t\-Sm-\m-bn- k-µ¿-in-®-Xv---]-Wv-Un-X-\m-b- Ip-Sn-b-≥ F-∂p- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-´- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn--B-h-em-Xn-®-ß-e- (\o-Xn-®-ß-e-)-ÿm-]n-®- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn--- -tØ-]q¿- kn-In-bn¬- P-\n-®- ap-Kƒ-N-I-h¿-Øn---G-Xv- ap-Kƒ-cm-Pm-hn-s‚- B-Zy-Im-e-\m-a-am-Wv- k-enw---Nn-X-c-N-\-bn¬- X¬-]-c-\m-bn-cp-∂- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn---em-tlm-dn¬- A-¥y-\n-Z-sIm-≈p-∂-ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn---k-tlm-Z-c-\m-b- Jp-kp-hn-s‚- I-em-]w- A-a¿-®- sN-bv-Xv- knw-lm-k-\w-`-Z-am-°n-b- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn---A-©m-a-sØ- kn-Jv-Kp-cp-hm-b- A¿-Pp-≥ tZ-hn-s\- h-[n-®- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn---G-Xp- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-bp-sS- Im-e-Øm-Wv- ap-Kƒ- Nn-X-I-e- ]-c-a-tIm-Sn- ]m-]n-®-Xv---io-\-K-dn-se- jm-en-am¿- ]q-t¥m-´w-\n¿-an-®-Xv-

s\SpaßmSv- -t]-c-I-Øm-h-gn- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´-Xv-F-hn-Sp-sØ- cm-P-Ip-Spw-_-am-bn-cp-∂p---Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw- Pn-√-bn-se- \yp-an-kv-am-‰n-Iv-kv- ayq-kn-bw- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- ÿm-]n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv--G-Xv- Xm-eq-°n-em-Wv- s]m-≥ap-Sn-kp-J-hm-k-tI-µw---A-ø-¶m-fn-bp-sS- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬-N-¥-e-l-f- \-S-∂-Xv- G-Xv- ÿ-e-Øm-Wv---t]-c-I-Øm-h-gn-bp-sS- B-ÿm-\-am-bn-cp-∂-Xv

sNt¶m´--kzm-X-¥y-Zn-\-Øn¬- ]-[m-\-a-¥n-tZ-io-b- ]-Xm-I- D-b¿-Øp-∂-Xv- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv---]-[m-\-a-¥n- kzm-X-¥y-Zn-\-Øn¬-cm-jv-S-sØ- A- n-kw-t_m-[-\- sN-øp-∂-Xv- F-hn-sS-h-®m-Wv---em¬- Izn-e- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- ap-Kƒ- \n¿-an-Xn--1858h-sc- ap-Kƒ- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fp-sS- B-ÿm-\-am-bn-cp-∂-Xv---a-bq-c- knw-lm-k-\w- kq-£n-®n-cp-∂- Zn-hm-≥ C- Jm-kv- G-Xv- tIm-´-bv-°p-≈n-em-Wv---2003 ¬- C-¥y-≥ I-c-tk-\- B¿-°n-tbm-f-Pn-°¬- k¿-th- Hm- v- C-¥y-°v- ssI-am-dn-b- N-cn-X-k-vamcIw

_ ¬kv-s_¬-Pn-b-Øn-s‚- X-e-ÿm-\w--_n-C-F¬- 20 F-hn-Sp-sØ- tÃm-°v- F-Iv-kv-tN-©v- C-≥U-Iv-km-Wv---A-t‰m-an-bw- F-∂- kv-am-c-Iw- G-Xv- \-K-c-Øn-em-Wv---Manneken Pis F-∂- ]-i-kv-X-am-b- in¬-]w- G-Xv- \-K-c-Øn-em-Wv--]m-e-kv- Hm-^v- Z- t\-j-≥ F-∂p-t]-cp-≈- ]m¿-e-sa-‚ v- a-µn-cw- G-Xv- \-K-c-Øn-em-W-v

knen°¨-Hm-Iv-kn-P-≥ I-gn-™m¬- u-tam-]-cn-X-e-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈- aq-e-Iw---sF.-kn.-Nn-∏p-Iƒ- \n¿-an-°m-≥ D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂- aq-e-Iw---]-]-©-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈- sa-‰-tem-bv-Uv---t^m-t´m- thmƒ- m-bn-Iv- sk-√n¬-D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂- ]-[m-\- aq-e-Iw--G-Xp- aq-e-I-Øn-s‚- ]-Xo-I-am-Wv- Si

Nne¥n--kz-¥-am-bn- h-e-hn-cn-®v- C-c-sb- ]n-Sn-°p-∂- Po-hn--C-W-sb- Xn-∂p-∂- Po-hn---G-Xn-s‚- iz-k-\m-h-b-h-am-Wv- _p-°v- e-Mv-kv--F-¥n-s\-°p-dn-®p-≈- ]-T-\-am-Wv-A-cm-Iv-t\m-f-Pn--ªm-°v- hn-tUm- F-∂-Xv- G-Xn-\w-Po-hn-bm-Wv

C.hn.cmakzman\mbv°¿- -Zm-hn-U- I-g-Iw- ÿm-]n-®-Xv--s]-cn-tbm¿- F-∂- A-]-c-\m-a-Øn-e-dn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂-Xv--ssh-°w- ho-c¿- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´-Xv--Ip-Sn- A-c-iv- F-∂- ]-kn-≤o-I-c-Ww-B-cw-`n-®-Xm-cv--ssh-°w- k-Xym-K-l-k-a-b-Øv- k-µ¿-i-\-Øn-s\-Øn-b- X-an-gv- t\-Xm-hv--G-Xv- X-an-gv- t\-Xm-hn-s‚- ]-Xn-a-bm-Wv- ssh-°w- ]-´-W-Øn¬- ÿm-]n-®n-´p-≈-Xv-- -sk¬-^v- sd-kv-s]-Iv-Sv- aq-hv-sa-‚ v-B-cw-`n-®-Xm-cv--1928˛¬- dn-thmƒ-´v- F-∂- Cw-Kv-fo-jv- ]-kn-≤o-I-c-Ww- B-cw-`n-®-Xmcv

-Kn-∂-kv- _p-°n-epw- ÿm-\w- ]n-Sn-®- m-c-

X-c-Xv-\w- tP-Xm-hv-˛- e-Xm-a-t¶-jv-I¿--lyq-h¿- ]p-c-kv-Im-cw- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- C-¥y-°m-c-≥ - F.-]n.-sP.- A-_v-Zpƒ- I-emw-

-s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\-Øn-\¿-l-\m-b-ti-jw- `m-c-X-c-Xv-\w- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy- hy-‡n-˛- kn.-hn.-cm-a-≥

-s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w- ]-¶n-´- B-Zy- Z-º-Xn-am¿-˛- ]n-b-dn- Iyq-dn-bpw- ta-cn- Iyq-dn-bpw- (1903,-^n-kn-Iv-kv-)-

s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w- e-`n-®- B-Zy-sØ-ÿm-]-\w-˛- C-≥Ãn-‰yq-´v- Hm-^v- C-‚¿-\m-j-W¬- em-

s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w- e-`n-®- G-‰-hpw- ]m-bw- Ip-d-™- hy-‡n-˛- hn-eyw- tem-d-≥kv-_m-Kv-

-tZ-io-tbm-Zv-K-Y-\-Øn-\p-≈- C-µn-cm-Km-‘n- A-hm¿-Uv- B-Zy-am-bn- t\-Sn-b-Xv-˛-kzm-an- cw-K-\m-Ym-\-µ-

-⁄m-\-]o-T- ]p-c-kv-Im-cw- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-b- hy-h-km-bn-˛- im-¥n- ]-km-Zv- P-bn-≥Xm-≥k-≥ k-Ωm-\w-\¬-Ip-∂-Xv- G-Xp- kw-

ÿm-\-sØ- K-h- -sa-‚m-Wv- - a-[y-]-tZ-iv--Km-\v-[n- k-am-[m-\- k-Ωm-\-Øn-\v- B-Zy-am-bn- A¿-l-\m-b-Xv- - Pq-en-b-kv- s\-tc-c-

C-¥y-bp-sS- ]-c-tam-∂-X- _-lp-a-Xn-bm-b-`m-c-X-c-Xvv-\-bpw- ]m-In-kv-Xm-s‚- ]-c-tam-∂-X- _-lp-a-Xn-bm-b- \n-jm-≥˛-C-˛-]m-In-

kv-Xm-\pw- e-`n-®- G-I-hy-‡n-Iƒ-˛- sam-dm¿-Pn- tZ-im-bn,- s\¬-k-¨- a-t≠-e-k-am-[m-\w- H-gn-sI-bp-≈- hn-j-b-ß-fn¬-

s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\-Zm-\w- \-S-°p-∂- \-K-cw-˛- tÃm-°v-tlmw--km-º-Øn-I-im-kv-X-Øn¬- s\m-t_¬-

tP-Xm-hm-b- B-Zy-h-\n-X- - F-en-t\m¿- Hm-

]mºv- -a-‰p- Po-hn-Iƒ- D-≠m-°p-∂- am-f-Øn¬- Po-hn-°p-∂- Po-hn--G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- hm-cn-sb-√p-I-fp-≈- Po-hn--sk¿-∏-t‚m-f-Pn- F-¥n-s\-°p-dn-®p-≈- ]-T-\-am-Wv---_m-ly-I¿-W-an-√m-Ø- D-c-K-hn- m-Kw--N-£p-i-h-Ww- F-∂p- hn-fn-°p-∂-Xv- G-Xv- Po-hn-sb-bm-Wv---tP-°-_v-k- -kv- A-h-b-hw- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- G-Xv- Po-h-nbnemWv

‡n-˛- tUm.-Aw-t_-Zv-I¿--tJ¬-c-Xv-\- ]p-cv-kv-Im-cw- t\-Sn-b- B-Zy-a-e-bm-fn- Xm-cw-˛- sI.-Fw.-_o-\m-tamƒ--

-tUm.-F-kv.-N-µ-ti-J-dn-\v- sam-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w- In-ń-b- hn-j-bw-˛- ^n-kn-Iv-kv--⁄m-\-]o-T-Øn-\¿-l-bm-b- B-Zy- h-\n-

X-˛- B-im-]q¿-Wm-tZ-hn--Zm-Zm-km-tl-_v- m¬-t°- A-hm¿-Un-\¿-l-\m-b- B-Zy- a-e-bm-fn-˛- A-Sq¿- tKm-]m-

e-Ir-jv-W-≥F-Xv- ]p-c-kv-Im-c-Øn-\m-Wv- C-¥ym- K-h- -sa-‚ v- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Xp-I- k-Ωm-\-am-

bn- \¬-Ip-∂-Xv- - Km-‘n- ]o-kv- ss]-kv--`m-c-X-c-Xv-\w- t\-Sn-b- c-≠m-a-sØ- D-]-I-c-W- kw-Ko-X- hn-Z-Kv-Z-≥˛- D-kv-Xm-Zv- _n-

kv-an-√m-Jm-≥B-Zy-sØ- ⁄m-\-]o-T- tP-Xm-hv- ˛-Pn.-i-¶-c-°p-dp-∏v-

G-‰-hpw- ]m-bw- Ip-d-™- k-am-[m-\- s\m-t_¬- tP-Xm-hv-˛- X-h-°¬- Im¿-a-≥G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- ]m-h-iyw- s\m-t_¬- t\-

Sn-b-Xv- G-Xp- cm-Py-°m-cm-Wv- - bp.-F-kv.-F.--Im-bn-I-tem-I-sØ- Hm-kv-I¿- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- A-hm¿-Uv- - tem-d-kv- A-hm¿-Uv-

-Im-fn-Zm-k- k-Ωm-\w- \¬-Ip-∂-Xv- G-Xv-kw-ÿm-\- k¿-°m-cm-Wv-˛- a-[y-]-tZ-iv-km-ln-Xy- s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w- t\-Sn-b-

B-Zy-h-\n-X- - sk¬-a- em-K¿- tem- v-s\m-t_¬- k-am-[m-\- k-Ωm-\w- e-`n-®-B-Zy-sØ- A-ta-cn-°-≥ ]-kn-U-≠v-˛- Xn-

tbm-U¿- dq-kv-sh¬-‰v-a-c-Wm-\-¥-cw- s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\-Øn-\v-B-Zy-am-bn- A¿-l-\m-b-Xv-˛- F-dn-Iv- Imƒ-

s^¬-‰v- (1931 ,-kzo-U-≥)--A-h-km-\-sØ- se-\n-≥ ]o-kv- ss]-kv-t\-Sn-b-Xv-˛-s\¬-k-¨-a-t≠-e-

-C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- D-b¿-∂- _-lp-a-Xn-˛- `m-c-X-c-Xv-\w-cm-Po-hv- Km-‘n- tJ¬- c-Xv-\- A-hm¿-Un-\¿-

l-bm-b- B-Zy- h-\n-X- - I¿-Ww- a-t√-iz-cn--s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w- a-c-Wm-\-¥-c- _-lp-a-Xn-bm-bn- e-`n-®- B-Zy- hy-‡n-bm-b-

F-dn-Iv- A-Iv-k¬- Imƒ-s^¬-‰v- G-Xp- cm-Py-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p-˛- kzo-U-≥s\m-t_¬- k-Ωm-\w- B-Zy-am-bn- \¬-In-

b- h¿-jw-˛- 1901tI-c-f- k¿-°m-cn-s‚- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- km-ln-Xy- _-lp-a-Xn-˛- F-gp-Ø-—-≥ ]p-c-kv-

Im-cw--Z-sse-em-a-bv-°v- t\m-_¬- k-Ωm-\w- e-`n-®- h¿-jw-˛- 1989

2014 P\p-hcn- 15 ]nFkvkn _p≈¡n≥ 23

Sl no CAT. NO POST DEPARTMENT DATE - 2014 FEB

KPSC HEAD OFFICE

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(Malayalam Medium)

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Malayalam Medium Education 2610 673/2012 HSA ( Natural Science)

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INTERVIEW SCHEDULE - FEBRUARY 2014

24 ]nFkvkn _p≈¡n≥ 2014 P\p-hcn- 15

PSC BULLETINFortnightly

1. R.N. 44588/86Reg. No. KL/TV (N)34/2012-142. Licence No. for posting without pre payment - KL/TV(N)/WPP/165/2012-14

Rupees 5.00January 15, 2014

Views and ideas expressed in the articles published in PSC Bulletin are not, necessarily, those of the Commission. Edited and Published by P.C.Binoy, Secretary, Kerala Public Service Commissionon behalf of Kerala Public Service Commission and Printed by him at P. Krishna Pillai Memorial Printing & Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, Thiruvananthapuram.

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PATTOM, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,PIN 695 004(sN°v, Un.Un. F∂nh kzoImcya√)

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k-lm-b-I-cw.-

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a¬-kc ]co-£Ifp-sS Xøm-sdSp-∏p-Iƒ- ]n- Fkv-kn- _p≈‰n-t\m-sSm-∏w- B°mw.-F√m- e°ßfn-epw- Bbn-ctØm-fw- (1000)- hy-Xy-kv-Xam-b tNm-tZym-Øcßƒ-1000 tNm-tZy-m-ØcßfSßn-b Hcp- ]kn-≤o-IcWØn-\v- hn-]Wn-bn¬- Rs. 25/- tesd hn-e hcp-tºmƒ- ]n-Fkv-kn-_p-≈‰n≥- shdpw- 5 cq-]bv-°v- \n-ßƒ-°v- e`n-°p-∂p.-

""50 cq-] em- n-°q...-''- (` 100/-)

]n-Fkv-kn-bp-sS Ncn-Xw,- ]h¿-Ø\w,-\S]Sn-Iaßƒ- Xp-Sßn-bhsb°p-dn-®v- ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂ B[n-Im-cn-IteJ\ßƒ.-]n-Fkv-kn-h-gn- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏v- \-S-Øp-∂- hn-hn-[- X-kv-Xn-I-I-sf-°p-dn-®pw-kw-h-c-W- hy-h-ÿ-I-sf-°p-dn-®pw- a-\- n-em-°m-≥ k-lm-b-I-am-b- te-J-\-ßƒ.-tem-Iw,- C-¥y,- tI-c-fw- F-∂o- hn- m-K-ß-fn-em-bn- ]Xn-\m-bn-cØn- (10000)-tesd s]m-Xp- hn-⁄m-\- tNm-tZym-Ø-c-ß-fp-sS- hn-]p-e-am-b- ti-J-cw.-

DtZym-Km¿-∞n-Iƒ- A-dn-™n-cn-t°-≠-hn-h-c-ß-fp-sS- k-a-K-ti-J-c-am-b- Cu- ]p-kv-X-Iw- ]n-F-kv-kn-bp-sS- hn-hn-[- Hm- o-kp-I-fn¬-\n-∂pw- ]n-F-kv-kn- _p-≈-‰n-≥ G-P-‚p-am-cn¬-\n-∂pw- P-\p-h-cn- ap-X¬- e- y-am-Ipw.-\n-ß-fp-sS- tIm-∏n- D-d-∏m-°m-≥ G-P-≥kn-sb- k-ao-]n-°p-I.-

]Xn-\m-bn-cw- tNm-Zy-ßfSßn-b Hcp-dm-¶v- ^ben-\v- hn-]Wn-bn¬- 180/˛cq]bn-tesd hn-e hcp-tºmƒ- Cu-]kn-≤o-IcWw- DtZym-Km¿-Yn-Iƒ-°v-shdpw- 50/˛ cq-]bv-°v- e`n-°p-∂p.-

˛mw-

hm¿-jn-Iw-

]am-Wn-®v-

P\p-hcn-bn¬--

kv-s]jy¬- kπn-sa‚v-]p-kv-XIam-bn- ]kn≤o-Icn-°p-∂p-

hne 50 cq]. X]m¬- am¿-§w- e n-°p-hm-\m-bn- Rs. 60/-

30,-000˛tesd s]m-Xp-hn-⁄m-\ tNm-tZym-Øcßƒ- 100 cq-]bv-°v-

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