PSC November 1 - Kerala Public Service Commission · 2018. 8. 23. · Vol. 26 Issue 5 Fortnightly...

Vol. 26 Issue 5 Fortnightly November 1, 2014 Page 24 ` 5

PSC Bulletin, Official Publication of Kerala Public Service Commission

SINCE 1985

website: www.keralapsc.gov.in e-mail:[email protected] Call Centre: 0471-2554000

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io.- F≥- kµo-]v-, t^m¨ : 0471 2546368 OR 9446412483

k¿°ptej≥ (]n.B¿.bqWn‰v): 0471 2546270

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GUIDE LINE FOR SUBMISSION OF APPLICATION BYCANDIDATES HAVING QUALIFICATION EQUIVALENT TO

OR HIGHER THAN THE ONE PRESCRIBED INTHE NOTIFICATION

The qualification prescribed in the Special Rules for a post is included in One TimeRegistration profile. The candidates who do not possess the prescribed qualificationfor a post, will see an ‘ineligible’ button while trying to apply for the post. Then clickthe ‘why I am ineligible’ link below the ineligible button. Then click the ‘Have Equiva-lent or higher’ button. The qualification furnished by the candidate in the profile andthe one prescribed for the post will be displayed simultaneously on the screen. Thecandidate can select the qualification equivalent to or higher than the qualificationhe/she possess, and can apply for the post. Any type of qualification can be equated.Candidate shall prove equivalency at the time of verification of certificates.

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1. 03/12/2014 LABORATO RY TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL HIGHER Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualificationW ednesday ASSISTANT – LIVESTOCK SECONDARY prescribed for the post.07.30 A M* to MANAGEMENT (DAIRYING) EDUCATION Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Technical Qualification09.15 A M 130/2014 Part II : Questions based on Technical Qualification0--

(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)(Medium of Questions: English)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One TimeRegistration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 12/11/2014

2. 04/12/2014 TECHNICIAN GRADE II KERALA CO-OPERATIVE Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualificationThurday (ELECTRICIAN) MILK MARKETING prescribed for the post.7.30 AM* to (Part I – General Category) FEDERATION LTD. Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Technical Qualification9.15 PM 260/2013 Part II : Simple Arithmetic

Part III: General Knowledge, Current Affairs &Renaissance in Kerala(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)(Medium of Questions: English)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time RegistrationProfile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 13/11/2014

3. 04/12/2014 TECHNICIAN GRADE II KERALA CO-OPERATIVE Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualificationThurday (ELECTRICIAN) MILK MARKETING prescribed for the post.7.30 AM* to (Part II– Society Category – FEDERATION LTD. Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Technical Qualification9.15 PM Direct Recruitment From Part II : Simple Arithmetic

Eligible Employees of Member Part III: General Knowledge, Current Affairs &Renaissance in KeralaSocieties Affiliated to (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) Affiliated to Kerala Co-Operative (Medium of Questions: English)Milk Marketing Federation Ltd.) Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration261/2013 Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 13/11/2014

4. 04/12/2014 CHARGEMAN (ELECTRICAL) FOAM MATTINGS Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualificationThurday (ELECTRICIAN) (INDIA) LIMITED prescribed for the post.7.30 AM* to Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Technical Qualification9.15 PM 202/2014 Part II : Simple Arithmetic

Part III: General Knowledge, Current Affairs &Renaissance in Kerala(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)(Medium of Questions: English)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time RegistrationProfile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 13/11/2014

Common Test for Sl.Nos.2 to 4 above

5. 05/12/2014 TRADE INSTRUCTO R TECHNICAL EDUCATION Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualificationFriday GRADE II (PRINTING prescribed for the post.07.30 A M* to TECHNOLOGY) Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Technical Qualification09.15 A M 402/2013 Part II : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala


6. 06/12/2014 LAST GRADE SERVANTS VARIOUS Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualificationSaturday prescribed for the post.01.30 PM* to 567/2013 Main Topics:- Part I : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala03.15 PM KLM Part II : General Science Part III: Simple Arithmetic & Mental Ability

TSR (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)( Medium of Questions: Malayalam/Tamil/Kannada)

Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One TimeRegistration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 15/11/2014

7. 09/12/2014 PEON/WATCHMAN KERALA STATE Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualificationTuesday (NCA Recruitment) DEVELOPMENT prescribed for the post.07.30 AM* to 228/2014 CORPORATION Main Topics:- Part I : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala09.15 A M SC FOR SC/ST LTD. Part II : General Science

Part III: Simple Arithmetic & Mental Ability(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)(Medium of Questions: Malayalam/Tamil/Kannada)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One TimeRegistration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 18/11/2014

8. 09/12/2014 PEON/WATCHMAN KERALA STATE Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualificationTuesday (NCA Recruitment) DEVELOPMENT prescribed for the post.07.30 AM* to 229/2014 CORPORATION Main Topics:- Part I : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala09.15 A M M FOR SC/ST LTD. Part II : General Science

Part III: Simple Arithmetic & Mental Ability(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)(Medium of Questions: Malayalam/Tamil/Kannada)

* Examination Time includes half an hour as preparation time for the verification of Admission Tickets and original ID of the Candidates appearing for theexamination.

4 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2014 \hw_¿- 1

Ia Xo-bXn- Xkv-Xn-Ibpw- hIp-∏v-/ kn-e_kv-

\w- kabw- Im-‰Kdn- \ºdpw- kv-Ym-]\w-

Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One TimeRegistration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 18/11/2014Registration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 23/10/2014

9. 09/12/2014 SECURITYGUARD/ VARIOUS GOVERNMENT Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualificationTuesday SECURITYGUARD GRADE II/ OWNED COMPANIES/ prescribed for the post.07.30 AM* to W ATCHER GRADE II CORPORATION Main Topics:- Part I : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala09.15 A M 410/2014 BOARDS Part II : General Science Part III: Simple Arithmetic & Mental Ability

(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)(Medium of Questions: Malayalam/Tamil/Kannada)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One TimeRegistration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 18/11/2014


10. 10/12/2014 LABORATO RY TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualificationW ednesday ASSISTANT – AGRICULTURE HIGHER SECONDARY prescribed for the post.07.30 AM* to (NURSERY MANAGEMENT & EDUCATION Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Technical Qualification09.15 A M ORNAMENTAL GARDENING) Part II : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala

128/2014 (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)(Medium of Questions: English)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One TimeRegistration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/11/2014

11. 11/12/2014 JUNIOR INSTRUCTO R INDUSTRIAL TRAINING Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualificationThursday (LIFT MECHANIC) prescribed for the post.07.30 AM* to Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Technical Qualification09.15 A M 543/2012 Part II : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala


12. 12/12/2014 ASSISTANT CHEMIST TRAVANCORE TITANIUM Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualificationFriday PRODUCTS LTD. prescribed for the post.07.30 AM* to 520/2013 (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)09.15 A M Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time

Registration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 21/11/2014

Common Test for Sl. Nos. 11 to 12 above

13. 17/12/2014 LABORATO RY TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL HIGHER Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualificationW ednesday ASSISTANT– OFFICE SECONDARY EDUCATION prescribed for the post.7.30 AM* to SECRETARYSHIP Main Topics:-Part I : Questions based on Technical Qualification09.15 A M 145/2014 Part II : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala

(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions:English)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One TimeRegistration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 26/11/2014

14. 18/12/2014 ASSISTANT ENGINEER PWD/IRRIGATION Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualificationThursday (ELECTRICAL) prescribed for the post.7.30 AM* to 297/2013 Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Technical Qualification09.15 A M Part II : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala

Further Details regarding Main (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)Topics are available on the (Medium of Questions: English)W ebsite Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time


15. 18/12/2014 ASSISTANT ENGINEER TRAVANCORE TITANIUM Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualificationThursday (ELECTRICAL) PRODUCTS LTD. prescribed for the post.7.30 AM* to 512/2013 Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Technical Qualification09.15 A M Part II : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala

Further Details regarding Main (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)Topics are available on the (Medium of Questions: English)W ebsite Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time



16. 20/12/2014 LAST GRADE SERVANTS VARIOUS Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualificationSaturday prescribed for the post.01.30 PM* to 567/2013 Main Topics:- Part I : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala03.15 PM KNR Part II : General Science Part III: Simple Arithmetic & Mental Ability

EKM (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)( Medium of Questions: Malayalam/Tamil/Kannada)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One TimeRegistration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 29/11/2014

17. 23/12/2014 RADIOGRAPHER GRADE II INSURANCE MEDICAL Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualificationTuesday SERVICES prescribed for the post.7.30 AM* to Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Technical Qualification09.15 A M 63/2014 Part II : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala

(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One TimeRegistration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 2/12/2014

2014 \hw_¿- 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 5

sI]n-Fkv-kn- Bkv-Ym-\ Bô-kv,- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw-

sl. category Name of Post & Dept. DateNo No 2014 Nov.

1. 79/13 Lecturer in Radiation Physics/LecturerGrade II (Non Medical Assistant Physicist) -NCA - Viswakarma - Medical Education 05

2. 106/11 Research Officer (S.R for S.C/S.T)State Planning Board 05

3. 54/10 Engineering Assistant (Electronics)/Overseer Gr.I (Electronics) 05,06,Public Works (Electronics Wing) 07

4. 195/11 Junior Instructor (Draughtsman – Civil) 05,06,Industrial Training 07,12,13

5. 221/11 Senior Lecturer in General Medicine 05,06,Medical Education 07

6. 497/11 Assistant Project Officer (S.R for SC/ST)Scheduled Tribe Development 06

7. 551/11 Field Officer (S.R for SC/ST)Animal Husbandry 06

8. 156/13 Deputy DirectorKerala Vocational Higher SecondaryEducation 07

9. 418/13 Senior Lecturer in DIET (S.R for ST only)General Education 07

10. 265/13 High School Assistant (Physical Science)

C≥-d¿-hyq- t]m-Kmw- \hw-_¿- -- - 2014



Malayalam Medium – By Transfer -EducationDistrict Office : Thiruvananthapuram 07

11. 498/13 Lift Operator – NCA – Dheevara-VariousDistrict Office : Thiruvananthapuram 07

12. 458/09 Junior Instructor (Instrument Mechanic-Chemical Plant) - Industrial Training 13

sI]n-Fkv-kn- Pn-√m- Bô-kv,- Xr-»q¿-1. 265/13 High School Assistant (Physical Science)

Malayalam Medium – By Transfer -Education 05

2. 65/11 Part Time High School Assistant (Urdu)Education 05

3. 396/12 High School Assistant (Mathematics)NCA – S.T - Malayalam Medium - 05, 06Education 07

sI]n-Fkv-kn- Pn-√m- Bô-kv,- ae∏p-dw-1. 121/11 Driver Gr II SR for SC/ST – Various 122. 77/11 Motor Mechanic (NCA – E) –

Health Services 12

sI]n-Fkv-kn- Pn-√m- Bô-kv,- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv-1. 331/12 Pharmacist Gr.II (NCA-SIUC Nadar)

Health Services 052. 121/11 Driver Gr II (LDV) - SR for SC/ST –

Various 063. 499/13 Lift Operator - NCA - L.C - Various 064. 265/13 High School Assistant (Physical Science)


sI]n-Fkv-kn- Pn-√m- Bô-kv,- hb\m-Sv-1. 121/11 Driver Gr II (LDV) - SR for SC/ST –

Various 122. 265/13 High School Assistant (Physical Science)


3. 32/11 High School Assistant (Mathematics) –NCA – SC – Malayalam Medium –Education 12

sI]n-Fkv-kn- Pn-√m- Bô-kv,- IÆq¿-1. 609/13 Nurse Gr.II (Ayurveda) NCA-LC/AI

Ayurveda Colleges -Kannur 052. 265/13 High School Assistant (Physical Science)


3. 475/10 Electrician Gr.I- Printing 05,06

18. 27/12/2014 FITTER AGRICULTURE Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualificationSaturday prescribed for the post.10.30 AM* to 538/2013 Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Technical Qualification12.15 A M KNR Part II : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala


The objective type test for selection to the post of Junior Assistant/Cashier (Cat.No.59/2014) in Kerala State Electricity Board (vide Item No.8 of programme No.10/2014 forthe month of October, 2014) was postponed. The examination is re-scheduled to be conducted as follows:-

19. 27/12/2014 JUNIOR ASSISTANT/CASHIER KERALA STATE Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualificationSaturday ELECTRICITY BOARD prescribed for the post.10.30 AM* to 59/2014 Main Topics:-Part I : Quantitative Aptitude. Part II : Mental Ability & Reasoning12.15 A M (SR from among PH candidates Part III: General Science. Part IV: Current Affairs. Part V : Facts About India

belonging to Locomotor disability Part VI: Facts About Kerala. Part VII: Constitution of India and Civil Rights/Cerebral Palsy, Part VIII: General English Part IX: Social Welfare programmes and legislationsHearing Impairment) Part X: Information Technology and Cyber LawsFurther Details regarding Main (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)Topics are available on the ( Medium of Questions: English)W ebsite Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time

Registration Profile in the Website w w w.keralapsc.gov.in from 06/12/201420. 30/12/2014 STENOGRAPHER KERALA STATE DRUGS & Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualification

Tuesday PHARMACEUTICALS LTD. prescribed for the post.07.30 AM* to 285/2014 Main Topics:-Part I : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala09.15 A M Part II : Computer Word Processing, Typing & Document Formatting


21. 31/12/2014 LABORATO RY TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL HIGHER Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualificationW ednesday ASSISTANT- MAINTENANCE SECONDARY EDUCATION prescribed for the post.07.30 AM* to & REPAIRS OF RADIO AND Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Technical Qualification09.15 A M TELEVISION Part II : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala

117/2014 (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)(Medium of Questions: English)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One TimeRegistration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 10/12/2014\

NOTE:- 1) It may be noted that apart from the Main Topics in the Syllabus referred to in the Examination

Programme, questions from other topics related to the educational qualifications prescribed for the post may also appear in the question paper. There is no undertaking that all the topicsmentioned under the sub head “Main Topics” may be covered in the question paper. 2)In addition to the Admission Tickets, candidates have to produce the original of any one of the followingdocuments to prove their identity at the time of examination viz. Voters Identity Card, Passport, PANCard, Driving Licence, Pass Book with photo issued by Nationalized Banks, Photo IdentityCard issued by Government Departments, Photo Identity Card issued by Social Welfare Department, Govt. of Kerala to Physically Handicapped persons, Photo affixed Identity Card issuedto the Ex-servicemen by the Zilla Sainik Welfare Officer / Discharge Certificate, Conductor License issued by Motor Vehicles Department, Photo affixed pass book issued by ScheduledBanks/Kerala State Co-operative Bank/ District Co-operative Banks, Photo affixed Identity Card issued by Public Sector Undertakings (various companies/ corporations/ boards/authority)/Govt. autonomous institutions to their employees, Photo affixed Identity Card issued by various Universities of Kerala to their employees, Photo affixed Medical Certificate issued by MedicalBoard to P.H. candidates, Photo affixed Identity Card issued by Bar Council to those who are enrolled as Advocates, AADHAAR card issued by the Central Government. Candidates who failto produce Original Identity Proof will not be permitted to attend the examination.Thiruvananthapuram SAJU GEORGE17/10/2014 CONTROLLER OF EXAMINATIONS

KERALA PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION* Examination Time includes half an hour as preparation time for theverification of Admission Tickets and original ID of the Candidates appearing for the examination.

6 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2014 \hw_¿- 1

SCIENTIFIC ASSISTANT(PHYSICS)POLICE (FORENSIC SCIENCE

LABORATO RY) 08-10-2014

Main List1 11 DEEPA V U 56 13 69 30/04/19832 15 NISHA K R 54 13 67 27/05/1984 Thiyya3 16 SIVADASAN A K 51 14 65 27/05/1985 Ezhava4 6 JEESHA K S 52 12 64 05/05/1982 H Nadar M Phil5 12 RINI THOMAS 50 14 64 24/05/19816 29 DEEPESH K 51 12 63 02/02/1982 Thiyya7 7 RENJU R R 50 12 62 16/03/1986 LC M Phil8 26 REMYA

KOTHILA PALANGAT 49 13 62 16/05/19869 30 SUJA N K 48 13 61 25/06/198510 9 HAREESH P S 47 13 60 31/05/1983 M Phil11 21 JAGADEESH

V P NAIR 46 14 60 15/11/198312 28 SREEJA K V 47 13 60 23/01/1986 OBC-Maniyani13 10 S O U M YA P M 47 12 59 10/03/1984 M Phil14 5 VINEETH V 48 11 59 27/05/1986 Ezhava M Phil15 20 REMYA I B 46 13 59 28/03/1982 Thiyya16 14 S O O RYA

NARAYANAN N 45 14 59 20/11/198317 25 VINODKUMAR T 46 13 59 13/02/198518 19 SAHRA MOHAMED 46 13 59 16/04/1985 M-Muslim19 22 SRUTHILEKHA K S 45 13 58 24/09/1988 Thiyya20 24 LAVEEN P V 44 13 57 20/07/1986 OBC-Vanian21 31 DIVYA K V 44 13 57 30/05/198722 8 A RYA VIJAYA N 44 12 56 12/12/1985 Ezhava M Phil23 1 REJANA P R 45 11 56 31/05/1981 Ezhava24 3 ASALATHA A S 44 12 56 30/05/198425 13 DEEPA O P 45 11 56 13/03/1985 V-Thattan26 23 MEENA P V 44 12 56 27/09/1985 Ezhava27 17 SHAFEELA

KIZHAKKEVEETTIL 44 11 55 23/05/1987 M-MappilaSupplementary List

Ezhava/Thiyya/Billava1 36 PRAVEENA P V 40 13 53 28/02/1986 Ezhava2 33 SUJITH S 39 12 51 20/05/1984 Ezhava M Phil3 40 PRIYA M VADA L S 39 12 51 26/05/1984 Thiyya4 35 ANJALI S 37 13 50 25/04/1985 Ezhava M Phil5 34 SUSHA S 38 11 49 22/04/1984 Ezhava

Scheduled Caste1 44 PRIMA CHANDRAN 37 12 49 27/05/1986 SC-Pulaya M Phil2 42 ABHILASH A 33 12 45 19/02/1987 SC-Kuravan3 43 REMYA MOHAN P 26 12 38 30/04/1986 SC-Sambavar4 45 UNNIMAYA A N 25 13 38 20/05/1989 SC-Perumannan5 41 SREENI K S 24 13 37 25/05/1986 SC-PulayanM Phil

Scheduled TribeNil

Muslim1 49 HAMZA K.K

(KOLAKKATTIL) 43 12 55 10/02/1983 M-Mappila2 47 SALIM S 40 12 52 21/03/1982 M-Muslim M Phil3 48 SHANAVAS M 40 12 52 11/08/1975 M-Muslim4 52 DASNA N K 39 12 51 20/05/1980 M-Muslim

Latin Catholics/A.I1 56 FEBI B F 31 12 43 10/05/1981 A.I2 58 MARINA NIMMY

JOY 29 12 41 08/01/1988 LCO B C

1 59 SUSHITHA K P 40 11 51 12/05/1985 OBC-Chaliya2 62 SOORAJ P 39 12 51 10/03/1987 OBC-Yadavas3 63 RADHIKA C 37 12 49 28/05/1981 OBC-Kavuthiyan

Viswakarma1 67 SANAL C 37 13 50 15/01/1985 V-Asari2 66 RESHMA RAJU 35 12 47 15/05/1986 V-Thattan

SIUC Nadar1 71 MANJU M S 35 11 46 20/05/1984 SIUC N2 68 DEEPA N BHADRAN32 13 45 20/05/1988 SIUC N3 70 ANIL JACOB J 33 11 44 20/05/1977 SIUC N4 69 VINTA VINCENT 29 13 42 23/05/1979 SIUC N5 72 PRAMEELA K S 28 10 38 30/05/1982 SIUC N

O.XNil

Dheevara1 77 SALMA S NATH 26 1036 26/05/1979 D-Mukaya

Hindu Nadar1 82 ARUN

MANOHAR M G 22 12 34 01/06/1984 H Nadar M Phil2 81 PRASANNA

KUMARI S S 17 12 29 20/03/1974 H Nadar M PhilList of PH Candidates for Appointment Against 3% Earmarked

Vacancies Hearing ImpairmentNil

Locomotor Disability / Cerebral Palsy1 85 SOORAJ A 39 10 4 53 06/04/1986 PH-Ortho2 87 ABDUL JALEEL A K 10 12 4 26 01/01/1985 PH-Ortho3 88 ISHAK MULANHI

PULAKKAL 9 11 4 24 30/05/1980 PH-Ortho4 86 SHAHANAS Y I 8 10 5 2305/03/1987 PH-Ortho

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JUNIOR INSTRUCTOR-WELDERINDUSTRIAL TRAINING

11-09-2014Main List

1 24 SAJI A 88 114 10325/05/1969 PH-Ortho2 1 SANTHOSH KUMAR M 90 12 10217/04/1988 OBC-Vaniya3 41 SHINTO K K 88 12 10028/02/19804 174 R ATEESH PN 87 12 99 31/05/1988 V-Kollan5 37 MANOJ MOHAN 85 12 97 21/05/1981 V-Viswakarma6 18 SAJU PRAKASH S P 84 13 97 27/05/19837 76 REJISH PALAYATA N 84 11 95 31/05/1978 Thiyya8 4 RAJAN S 83 11 94 20/05/1971 SIUC N9 86 SUDHEESH M V 83 11 94 16/10/1984 V-Viswakarma10 45 DEEPAK C PETER 81 12 93 05/08/197411 63 ABDURAZAK

MUKKOODAN 81 12 93 20/05/1979 M-Mappila12 80 HANEEF N P 81 12 93 31/05/1985 M-Mappila13 64 ANURANJ S 79 12 91 20/05/198914 60 MANIKANDHAN E 78 12 90 10/05/1971 Thiyya15 82 RAJEEVAN KV 78 11 89 30/05/197816 21 SREEJITH S 79 10 89 25/05/198417 59 SHIYAD S 78 11 89 30/04/1987 M-Muslim18 177 BIJU O A 76 12 88 08/04/1977 Ezhava19 74 SHIBU K 75 13 88 24/05/1978 Thiyya20 27 ARUN M 76 12 88 25/05/1985 Ezhava21 52 PAUL N L 75 12 87 31/07/197322 26 RAJEEV KUMAR R 75 12 87 30/05/1986 V-Viswakarma23 176 SURAG P S 76 10 86 29/05/197924 34 DELAN MAT H E W 73 12 85 12/04/197925 17 RAJESH KUMAR G 73 12 85 25/05/197926 73 RAJESH A 73 11 84 10/05/1976 OBC-Saliyas27 79 DEEPESH T P 73 11 84 12/02/1978 Thiyya28 78 SHAJINA KOLLANANDY 72 12 84 29/03/1981 SC-Pulayan29 5 JYOTHILAL B 73 11 84 20/05/1981 Ezhava30 14 SHINE L J 73 11 84 02/05/1982 M-Muslim31 71 MANEESH K 74 10 84 22/05/1982 Thiyya32 11 RAHUL R 74 10 84 29/05/198933 36 ANTO N Y JOSEPH 71 12 83 07/01/1978 LC34 53 ANVAR SADHIK T K 72 11 83 30/05/1983 M-Mappila35 9 BIJU B V 72 11 83 01/06/198636 70 MURALI KRISHNAN N 71 11 82 08/05/196837 33 ANI M A 70 12 82 02/01/1974 V-Viswakarma38 173 SUBITH B 72 10 82 28/09/198139 19 VINEETH TL 71 11 82 12/05/198540 32 ANIL KUMAR S 71 10 81 27/03/197241 67 ABDUSSALAM C 69 12 81 10/05/1982 M-Mappila42 83 HASHIM K 72 9 81 03/05/1984 M-Mappila43 56 PRASANTH A 70 11 81 25/05/198644 10 SANDEEP KUMAR G 70 11 81 28/05/1987 H Nadar45 54 PRATHYUSH P S 70 11 81 05/05/1989 OBC-Vadukan46 16 PAULRAJ D 69 11 80 08/05/197047 28 ARUN KUMAR P D 70 10 80 25/02/198648 72 KIRAN K L 68 12 80 05/03/1987 SC-Pulayan49 77 NIKHIL P 71 9 80 19/02/1988 OBC-Saliya50 3 SUNIL KUMAR L T 65 14 79 30/05/1967 SIUC N51 81 BINU RAJ T K 70 9 79 24/12/1974 Thiyya52 15 ARJUN A RAJ 68 11 79 20/05/198853 175 PAULY C P 66 102 78 25/05/1967 Ex-Service54 38 MURALIDHARAN

MADHAVA N 65 13 78 13/11/1970 Ezhava55 7 SAJI S S 65 13 78 30/05/1971 SIUC N56 65 LATHIEF PARAMBIL 65 13 78 01/03/1974 M-Mappila

PEEDIKAKKAL57 8 ARUN KUMAR B 66 12 78 20/05/198558 13 RADHAKRISHNAN

NAIR K 65 12 77 30/05/197059 85 HASSAINAR A 65 12 77 28/07/1982 M-Mappila60 84 ANOOP E V 65 12 77 20/05/198361 20 ACHUSUNDAR S 65 12 77 17/03/1986 Ezhava62 62 SHIBU K 66 11 77 31/05/1986 Thiyya63 12 SANJAY V S 59 134 76 31/05/1971 PH-Ortho64 31 RAJEESH H 66 10 76 20/10/1977 Ezhava65 61 MANIKANTAN T 67 9 76 30/04/197866 39 ANISH K M 65 11 76 20/05/198467 58 BALAN T P 65 10 75 01/05/1980 Thiyya68 40 PRAVEEN K A 63 12 75 01/06/1983 SC-Pulaya69 47 VIPIN C GEORGE 64 11 75 15/09/198570 66 NANDANAN T 64 10 74 30/05/1968 SC-Mannan71 57 JAYAKRISHNAN K P 63 11 74 08/01/1970 OBC-

Ezhuthassan72 25 SHIBU OMMAN 61 13 74 14/04/197973 48 PRAJOTHKUMAR I K 64 9 73 27/03/1971 Thiyya74 69 BHASKARAN A 64 9 73 30/05/1976 SC-Cheruman75 75 SHINU VELLUKKAI 63 10 73 22/04/1984 Thiyya76 46 MANAF K 63 10 73 07/05/1986 M-Muslim77 23 AJITH KUMAR R 63 10 73 01/03/1987 OBC-Chetty78 68 ANEES K E 63 10 73 22/05/1989 M-Mappila79 55 ROBIN JOSE 60 12 72 10/09/198680 6 RANI G S 60 11 71 29/05/1969 Ezhava81 42 VINODKUMAR E V 61 10 71 27/10/1972 V-Viswakarma82 44 SUJEENDRAN K S 62 9 71 03/12/1979 SC-Mannan

83 2 IMAMUDEEN M 61 10 71 30/05/1980 M-Muslim84 29 VISHNU M S 60 11 71 30/01/1989 Ezhava85 50 BIJUMON C R 60 8 68 27/05/1983 Ezhava

Supplementary ListEzhava/Thiyya/Billava

1 92 REMESH M 59 10 69 15/05/1979 Ezhava2 102 SARANLAL K L 57 10 67 31/05/1986 Ezhava3 88 RAJESH S 55 11 66 25/05/1976 Ezhava4 98 ABHILASH MONI A S 58 8 66 14/04/1977 Ezhava5 101 ABU A O 55 9 64 30/05/1977 Ezhava6 95 ARUN S 53 11 64 18/05/1984 Ezhava7 89 THULASI G 53 10 63 30/05/1972 Ezhava8 94 KANNAN C 54 9 63 25/03/1980 Ezhava9 100 BINIL K V 51 10 61 04/02/1982 Ezhava10 93 SURENDRA BABU R 48 12 60 25/04/1965 Ezhava11 90 PRASANTH P N 50 10 60 16/05/1978 Ezhava12 105 ANEESH P 50 10 60 04/10/1982 Thiyya13 106 BIJIN V 49 10 59 18/05/1984 Thiyya14 87 DHARMAJAN S 45 8 5 58 29/05/1971 Ezhava

PH-Ortho15 97 NANMUKHAN R 49 9 58 21/01/1966 Ezhava

Scheduled Caste1 122 BALAN N 56 1066.0027396 SC-Valluvan2 113 SURESH BABU C G 55 11 66 05/01/1975 SC-Velan3 115 BINESH P K 54 12 66 14/05/1983 SC-Parayan4 123 BIJU M K 54 11 65 17/03/1980 SC-Pulayan5 121 AMITH P 53 10 63 26/02/1986 SC-Kanakkan6 116 VINOD K SANKAR 52 9 61 06/04/1976 SC-Pulayan7 108 DINAKAR J 47 12 59 26/02/1981 SC-Chemman,

Chemmar8 111 SAJEEV M M 45 10 55 21/05/1971 SC-Velan9 109 RANJULAL R 44 10 54 15/02/1982 SC-Thandan10 114 UTHAMAN K K 42 9 51 20/05/1969 SC-Pulaya11 118 MOHANAN P N 39 11 50 30/05/1970 SC-Cheruman12 120 MANIKANDAN M P 38 12 50 15/03/1974 SC-Kanakkan13 117 VINEETH C V 37 11 48 02/03/1982 SC-Pulaya14 119 BIJU T T 38 10 48 09/05/1983 SC-Cheruman

Scheduled Tribe1 127 SHIJIL V JOHNSON 49 9 58 12/05/1988 ST-Malai Arayan,

Mala Arayan2 129 RAJAN A 40 11 51 18/10/1976 ST-Mala Panicker3 125 STANLY JOHN 32 11 43 15/04/1978 ST-Malai Arayan,

Mala Arayan4 128 REMESH K 24 10 34 20/05/1985 ST-Eravallan5 126 BINEESH K I 19 9 28 28/09/1985 ST-Ulladan

Muslim1 143 FAIZAL CHEROOR 46 10 56 01/01/1977 M-Mappila2 145 SIRAJ P 45 11 56 22/04/1986 M-Mappila3 139 ABDURAHIMAN P 42 10 52 30/10/1975 M-Mappila4 136 SAGEER K S 43 9 52 01/05/1983 M-Muslim5 137 ANAS V A 41 11 52 09/12/1984 M-Muslim6 133 BASHEERKUTTY A 40 11 51 31/05/1969 M-Muslim7 130 SHAFEEK S 40 9 49 30/03/1979 M-Muslim8 144 SHAFIKH M 36 11 47 24/04/1974 M-Mappila9 135 SHAMMAS SALAM 36 11 47 05/10/1988 M-Muslim10 140 MUHAMED FAROOK U35 11 46 01/12/1972 M-Mappila11 132 SULFIKER H 37 9 46 25/05/1977 M-Muslim12 142 ASKAR V 36 9 45 05/03/1980 M-Mappila13 131 SHAJU K 35 10 45 31/05/1983 M-Muslim

Latin Catholics/A.I1 149 JESMAS A C 58 9 67 13/09/1979 LC2 147 TONEY AUGUSTINE 52 12 64 27/05/1971 LC3 150 JOSEPH NOBY P J 49 10 59 24/02/1977 LC4 148 JINU K M 43 10 53 10/03/1979 LC

O B C1 152 DILEEP THEKKAYIL 50 11 61 20/05/1983 OBC-Vaniyan

PARAMBATH2 151 RAJESH V K 48 12 60 02/05/1982 OBC-Veerasaiva

Viswakarma1 156 MANOHARAKRISHNA56 12 68 21/05/1974 V-Karuvan2 154 MAJESH T A 58 10 68 01/06/1985 V-Viswakarma

SIUC Nadar1 158 AJAILAL J 55 11 66 04/05/1982 SIUC N2 157 GODWIN A R 34 12 46 22/09/1979 SIUC N

O.X1 162 ROSHY C P 44 11 55 20/03/1983 OX-christian

pulayan2 163 BOSE P BABY 31 10 41 23/05/1989 OX-Ox

Dheevara1 164 ABHILASH A 22 12 34 30/04/1986 D-Araya

Hindu Nadar1 166 BAIJUKUMAR V 45 11 56 30/05/1981 H Nadar

Low VisionNil

Hearing ImpairmentNil

Locomotor Disability / Cerebral Palsy1 24 SAJI A 88 114 10325/05/1969 PH-Ortho2 12 SANJAY V S 59 134 76 31/05/1971 PH-Ortho3 87 DHARMAJAN S 45 8 5 58 29/05/1971 PH-Ortho4 171 SUBRAMANIAN K P 18 8 4 30 06/04/1970 PH-Ortho5 169 VIJITH KUMAR U 16 7 4 27 18/03/1982 PH-Ortho6 170 NAZEER K K 13 8 4 25 26/04/1970 PH-Ortho7 168 SURESH KUMAR D 3 104 17 22/05/1980 PH-Ortho

PHARMACIST CUM DRESSERTRACO CABLE COMPANY LIMITED

21-08-14Main List

1 1 INDHU K R 73 12 85 19/05/1989 Viswakarma2 2 DIVYA V R 68 13 81 25/05/1985 Ezhava3 10 PREENA K K 71 9 80 30/03/1986 Ezhava4 3 HARIKRISHNAN R 71 9 80 21/05/1986 Ezhava5 6 MANJUSHA K 66 12 78 25/05/19846 9 VIJAYALAKSHMI C 66 9 75 14/10/1981 Ezhava7 5 SOBIN ANNIE

ABRAHAM 67 8 75 27/10/1986Supplementary List

Ezhava/Thiyya/Billava1 13 SUBHASH N S 64 12 76 03/05/1986 Ezhava2 11 SAJAD S G 60 12 72 10/05/1983 Ezhava3 15 VIJAYASREE K P 60 10 70 08/01/1976 Thiyya4 14 VIPUL DAS MK 56 11 67 08/05/1988 Thiyya

Scheduled Caste1 19 GANGA P 55 12 67 30/04/1984 SC-Thandan2 18 SEEMA A 52 12 64 24/05/1979 SC-KURAVA N3 16 BINDUKUMARI G 49 11 60 15/05/1975 SC-Cheramar4 20 SHILPA T M 51 9 60 13/04/1985 SC-Cheruman

Scheduled Tribe1 21 ANEESH V S 27 8 35 16/12/1988 ST-Kanikar

Muslim1 23 NISSA N 64 9 73 01/01/1980 M-Muslim2 25 THAHIRABEEVI Y 62 9 71 08/05/1986 M-Muslim3 24 SHEMINA J 54 12 66. 22/01/1983 M-Muslim4 22 RESIYA A 56 9 65 03/05/1988 M-Muslim

Latin Catholics/A.I1 28 SHINE GODWIN

ANTO N Y 61 12 73 12/10/1987 LC2 27 NIMMY STEPHEN 47 10 57 26/04/1987 LC3 30 ALICE VINCENT 36 10 46 28/05/1988 LC

O B C1 31 SMITHA MOHAN 44 10 54 20/05/1982 OBC-Chakkala2 32 SAJEESH

KUMAR P P 38 12 50 12/01/1985 OBC-SaliyaViswakarma

1 34 ANUPRIYA G G 56 11 67 25/05/1987 Viswakarma2 36 BINITHA

R AVEENDRAN 55 10 65 05/05/1987 Viswakarma3 37 ANIL C T 43 12 55 23/02/1983 Kammala4 38 SHEEBA P R 43 10 53 14/02/1983 Asari

SIUC Nadar1 41 BIJI B P 62 10 72 30/05/1984 SIUC N2 42 KAVITHA P 56 9 65 26/05/1986 SIUC N3 40 REJITHA M S 41 9 50 25/05/1981 SIUC N4 43 PRIYA S 33 12 45 07/05/1989 SIUC N

O.X1 44 SHEEJA MAT H E W 29 9 38 02/02/1978 OX-Xian

CHERAMAR2 45 JOMOL THOMAS 24 10 34 31/03/1978 OX-Xian

CHERAMARDheevara

1 46 RENJUPUSHPAMGADAN 35 11 46 15/05/1986 D-Arayan

2 47 SURYA V M 24 10 34 28/05/1987 D-ValanHindu Nadar

1 48 KAVITHA K S 33 11 44 30/05/1984 H Nadar2 51 RAJANI P 27 11 38 28/05/1982 H Nadar3 50 BEENA S 16 11 27 17/05/1981 H Nadar4 49 PRATHIBHA U 7 11 18 10/05/1987 H Nadar

OVERSEER GR.I/DRAFTSMAN(ELECTRICAL)DIRECT RECTT FROM DEPT

CANDIDATE OF PWDONLY-FOR APPOINTMENT IN PWD

PWD /IRRIGATION14-08-2014

1 9 ANISH KUMAR C K 67 11 78 25/02/19802 7 JOSHY JOSE 65 12 77 25/05/19743 2 VIVEK T 67 10 77 29/01/19754 4 SAJITH R V 66 11 77 30/04/19805 6 ABDURAHIMANKUTTY PA 56 10 66 23/02/19806 1 VINU WILFRED 49 10 59 22/08/19797 3 KANAKALATHA A 43 11 54 23/12/19738 10 SANALRAJ T F 37 11 48 21/02/1977

JUNIOR DOCUMENTATIONASSISTANT

KERALA MINERALS & METALS LTD.14-08-2014

1 5 ANANDRAJ KC 58 58 29/05/1984 SC-Pulaya2 3 JAYACHANDRAN 57 57 31/05/1980 V-Asari

AMBALAPURATHU3 2 SHRUTHI P M 55 55 10/12/1987 SC-Velan4 1 BINEESHKUMAR E K 50 50 29/05/1980 SC-Pulaya5 4 DIVYA C P 50 50 14/05/1985 SC-Paravan6 9 PRAVEENA A R 48 48 04/05/1980 SC-Pulaya

2014 \hw_¿- 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 7

tI-c-f-Øn-se- \-thm-∞m-\-Øn-\v- \n-c-h-[n- ]-ÿm-\-ß-fpw- hy-‡n-I-fpw- kw-`m-h-\-I-f¿-∏n-®n-´p-≠v.- _n-ó-jv- km-am-Py-Xz-sØ- "-sh-¨-\o-N-≥'- F-∂pw- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- a-lm-cm-Pm-hn-s‚- `-c-W-sØ- "-A-\-¥-]p-c-sØ- \o-N-≥'-F-∂pw- ]-c-ky-am-bn- hn-fn-°m-≥ X-t‚-Sw- Im-Wn-®- ssh-Ip-Wv-T-kzm-an- (1809˛-1851)- tI-c-f-Øn-se- \-thm-∞m-\-\m-b-I-cn¬- ]m-X-:-kv-a-c-Wo-b-\m-Wv.- ap-Sn-Nq-Spw-s]-cp-amƒ- F-∂v- b-Ym¿-Y-t]-cp-≈- A-t±-lw- ap-Øp-°p-ń- F-∂p-a-dn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂p.-D-b¿-∂- Pm-Xn-°m¿- am-X-ta- s]-cp-amƒ- F-∂- ]-Zw- t]-cn¬- D-]-tbm-Kn-°q- F-∂- h-g-°w-aq-e-am-Wv- t]-cp- am-t‰-≠n-h-∂-Xv.- "-Pm-Xn- H-∂v,- a-Xw- H-∂v,- Ip-ew- H-∂v- ssZ-hw- H-∂v-'- F-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚- k-tµ-iw.- tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- km-aq-ln-I-kw-L-S-\-bm-b- k-a-Xz-k-am-Pw- 1836¬- ÿm-]n-®-Xv- ssh-Ip-Wv-T-kzm-an-bm-Wv.-

A-ø-Øm-≥ tKm-]m-e-s‚- i-a-Øn¬-1898¬- tIm-gn-t°m- v- _-“-k-am-P-Øn-s‚- H-cp- im-J- B-cw-`n-®p.- ]m-e-°m-s´- B-e-Øq¿- kn-≤m-i-a- ÿm-]-I-\m-b- _-“m-\-µ-in-h-tbm-Kn- (1852˛-1929)- B-e-Øq¿- tI-µ-am-°n- 1907¬- B-\-µ-a-X- ]-ÿm-\w- B-cw-`n-®p- (]q¿-hm-i-a-Øn¬- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚-t]-cv- Im-cm-´v- tKm-hn-µ- ta-t\m-≥ F-∂m-bn-cp-∂p-).-

_m-“-W-ta-[m-hn-Xzw,- ]m-Ir-X-am-b- N-S-ßp-Iƒ,- A-\m-Nm-c-ßƒ- F-∂n-h-bv-s°-Xn-cw- ]-Xn-I-cn-®-bm-fm-Wv- N-´-ºn- kzm-an-Iƒ-(1855˛-1924).- Pm-Xn- k-º-Zm-b-sØ- i-‡-am-bn- F-Xn¿-Ø- A-t±-lw- A-ssZz-X- Z¿-i-\w- ]-N-cn-∏n-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- 1888¬- A-cp-hn-∏p-d-Øv- io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp- \-S-Øn-b-in-h-]-Xn-jv-T- tI-c-f-\-thm-∞m-\- N-cn-X-Øn-se- H-cp- h-gn-Øn-cn-hm-bn-cp-∂p.- "-A-cp-hn-∏p-dw- hn-π-hw-'- F-∂v- Cu- kw-`-h-sØ- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°m-dp-≠v.- tI-c-f-Øn-se- a-X-]-cn-jv-I-c-W-]-ÿm-\-Øn-\v- km-aq-ln-I- m-h-hpw- ]m-tbm-Kn-I- K-Xn-I-a-hpw- k-Ωm-\n-®- a-l-Xv-hy-‡n-Xz-ß-fm-bn- N- -ºn-kzm-an-tb-bpw- io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hn-s\-bpw- N-cn-Xw- hn-e-bn-cp-Øp-∂p.-

h-S-t°- a-e-_m-dn¬- tIm-´-b-Øv- P-\n-®-hm-Kv- -Sm-\-µ-≥ (1885 -1939)- B-fl-hn-Zym-kw-Lw- ÿm-]n-®v- (1920)-Pm-Xn-hy-h-ÿ-bv-°pw-hn-K-lm-cm-[-\-bv-°pw- F-Xn-sc- i-_v-Z-ap-b¿-Øn- .- Ip-™n-°-Æ-≥ F-∂v- am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ- t]-cn-´- C-t±-lw- Ip-d-®p-Im-ew- hn.-sI.-Kp-cp-°ƒ- F-∂-dn-b-s∏- p.- in-hm-\-µ-tbm-Kn-bn¬-\n-∂m-Wv- hn.-sI.-Kp-cp-°ƒ-°v- hm-Kv-`-Sm-\-µ-≥ F-∂- ]-´w- e-`n-®-Xv.-

a Du-\-Øp¬- C-…mw-k-`- 1900 sk-]v-Xw-_-dn¬- s]m-∂m-\n-bn¬- ÿm-]n-X-am-bn.-]p-Xn-b- am-fn-tb-°¬- ]q-t°m-b- X-ß-fm-Wv-C-Xn-s‚- ÿm-]-\-Øn-\v- ap-≥ssI- F-Sp-Ø-Xv.- C-cp-]-Xmw- \q-‰m-≠n¬- tI-c-fo-b- \-

COVER STO RYB¿- kn- kp-tc-jv-Ip-am¿-

B[p\nIsa∂pw ]cnjvIrXsa∂pw A`nam\n°Ø°XcØnep≈ C∂sØ kmaqlnI ]›mØew aebmfn°v kΩm\n®XvtIcf \thm∞m\amWv. H-cn -°¬ kzm-an hn-th-Im-\-µ≥ `m-¥m-e-b-sa-∂v hn-ti-jn-∏n® \m-Sn -s\ A-Sn-a-Ø-Øn-s‚-bpw

A-\m-Nm-c-ß-fp-sS-bpw C-cp-≠-bp-K-Øn¬ \n-∂pw kzm-X-¥y-Øn-s‚-bpw k-a-Xz-Øn-s‚-bpw sh-fn-®-Øn-te-°v \-bn® HcpIq´w a\pjytcmSv \Ωƒ F∂pw ISs∏ńcn°p∂p. B sISmhnf°pIfn¬ Nnesc H∂pIqSn Hm¿°mw Hcp

tIcf∏ndhnZn\w IqSn IS∂pt]mIptºmƒ......

\thm∞m\w : Hcp hnlKho£Wwthm-∞m-\-Øn-\p- ap-Jy- ]-¶p-h-ln-®- kw-L-S-\-bm-Wv- F-kv.-F-≥.-Un.-]n.-tbm-Kw- A-Y-hm-io-\m-cm-b-W- [¿-a-]-cn-]m-e-\- tbm-Kw.-Cu-g-h¿-°p- s]m-Xp-hn¬- a-X-kw-_-‘-am-bpw- eu-In-I-hp-am-b- Im-cy-ß-fn¬- ]p-tcm-K-Xn- ssI-h-cn-°p-I- F-∂- e-£yw- ap-≥\n¿-Øn-bm-Wv- kw-L-S-\- ÿm-]n-®-Xv.- C-Xn-\p-th-≠n- A-im-¥- ]-cn-i-aw- \-S-Øn-b-Xv- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- kz-tZ-in-bpw- ssa-kq¿- k¿-°m¿- k¿-ho-kn¬- tUm-Iv-S-dp-am-bn-cp-∂- ]n.-]¬-]p-hm-bn-cp-∂p.- kzm-an- hn-th-Im-\-µ-s‚-D-]-tZ-i-am-Wv- A-t±-l-Øn-\v- A-Xn-\p- ]-tNm-Z-\-am-b-Xv.- 1903 sa-bv- 15\m-Wv- F-kv.-F-≥.-Un.-]n.-tbm-Kw- c-Pn-Ã¿- sN-bv-X-Xv.-io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hm-bn-cp-∂p- B-Zy-sØ-A-[y-£-≥.- kw-L-S-\-bp-sS- B-cw-`w- ap-X¬- 1919 h-sc- Ip-am-c-\m-im-\m-bn-cp-∂p-sk-I-´-dn.- tbm-K-Øn-s‚- ap-J-]-X-am-bn-1904¬- "-hn-th-tIm-Z-bw-'- B-cw- n-®p.- Fw.-tKm-hn-µ-s\m-∏w- Ip-am-c-\m-im-\pw- ]-Xm-[n-]-Xyw-h-ln-®p.-

"-tI-c-f- \-thm-∞m-\-Øn-s‚- ]n-Xm-hv-'-F-∂p- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°-s∏- - io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hn-s‚- k-tµ-i-ßƒ- ]-N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\pw-Cu-g-h-k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚- km-aq-ln-I-hpw- hn-Zym-`ym-k-]-c-hp-am-b- ]p-tcm-K-Xn- ssI-h-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\pw- tbm-Kw- ]-iw-k-\o-b-am-b- tk-h-\w- A¿-∏n-®p.- tUm.-]¬-]p,- Ip-am-c-\m-im-≥,- kn.-hn.-Ip-™p-cm-a-≥,- B¿.-i-¶¿,- Sn.-sI.-am-[-h-≥,- hn.-sI.-th-em-bp-[-≥ Xp-S-ßn-b-h-cp-sS- B-flm¿-Y-am-b- ]-h¿-Ø-\w- tbm-K-Øn-s‚- ]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ-°p- ap-X¬-°q-´m-bn.- ]n¬-°m-e-Øv- A-h-i-k-ap-Zm-b- kw-L-S-\-Iƒ- ]-e-Xpw- cq-]w-sIm-≠-Xv- F-kv.-F-≥.-Un.-]n.-tbm-K-Øn¬-\n-∂v- ]-tNm-Z-\w-Dƒ-s°m-≠p-sIm-≠m-Wv.- sIm-√-Øm-Wv-tbm-K-Øn-s‚- B-ÿm-\w.- "-tbm-K-\m-Zw-'- B-Wv- ap-J-]-Xw- .-

hn-hn-[-X-e-ß-fn¬- \-S-Øn-b- ]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fn-ep-sS- i-t≤-b-\m-b- kn.-Ir-jv-W-≥(1867˛-1938)- A-h-i-k-ap-Zm-b-ß-fp-sS- D-∂-a-\-Øn-\m-bn- ]-bv-Xn-®p.- A-bn-tØm-®m-S-\-]-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚- B-Zy-Im-e- t\-Xm-°-fn-sem-cm-fm-b- A-t±-lw- Xo-b-cp-sS- ss_-_nƒ-F-∂p- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-´- "-an-X-hm-Zn-'-bp-sS-tIm-f-ß-fn-eq-sS- A-bn-Ø-Øn-s\-Xn-sc- \n-c-¥-cw- F-gp-Xn-bn-cp-∂p.-

A-ø-¶m-fn-bp-sS- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øn-\-Sp-Øv- sh-ßm-\q-cn¬- 1907¬-km-[p-P-\-]-cn-]m-e-\-kw-Lw- ÿm-]n-X-am-bn.- F-kv.-F-≥.-Un.-]n.- tbm-Kw- h-gn- Cu-g-h¿- t\-Sn-sb-Sp-Ø- hn-Zym- ym-k- kzm-X-¥yw-A-[-:-Ir-X¿-°pw- t\-Sn-sb-Sp-°p-I- F-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p- Cu- kw-L-S-\-bp-sS- B-Zy-e-£yw.--c-W-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ-°v- \n-th-Z-\-ßƒ- k-a¿-∏n-

®pw- k-h¿-W-ln-µp-°-fn-eq-sS-bp-≈- kw-L¿-j-ß-fn-eq-sS-bpw- A-h¿- e-£yw- I-≠p.- ]p-e-b-kv-Xo-Iƒ- I-√p-am-e- D-t]-£n-°p-I,- ]-

sshIp-Wv-Tkzm-an- _“m-\µ in-htbm-Kn- hm-Kv-`Sm-\µ≥-

N´ºn- kzm-an- io-\m-cm-bW Kp-cp- Ip-am-c\m-im≥-

Aø≥-Im-fn- s]m-bv-Ibn¬- tbm-l∂m≥- a∂Øv- ]fl\m-`≥-

h°w- au-ehn- ktlm-Zc≥- Aø∏≥- BKa\m-\µ kzm-an-

8 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2014 \hw_¿- 1

cn-jv-Ir-X-co-Xn-bn¬- h-kv-X-[m-c-Ww- sN-øp-∂-Xn-\v- A-h-Im-iw- e- n-°p-I- Xp-S-ßn-b- B-Nm-c-]-cn-jv-I-c-W-ßƒ- e-£y-an-´v- A-[-:-Ir-X¿-°n-S-bn¬- kw-L-S-\- ]-h¿-Øn-®p.- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬- am-X-a-√,- I-ta-W- sIm-®n-bn-te-°pw- ]-h¿-Ø-\w- hym-]n-∏n-®p.- kw-L-S-\-bp-sS- ap-J-]-X-am-bn- "-km-[p-P-\-]-cn-]m-en-\n-'- B-cw- n-®p.-sN-ºw-X-d- Im-fn-t®m-Xn-I-dp-∏-≥ B-bn-cp-∂p- ]-Xm-[n-]¿.- A-ø-¶m-fn-bp-sS- a-c-W-ti-jw- 1942¬- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øp-h-®v- Sn.-Sn.-tI-i-h-≥ im-kv-Xn- ]-kn-U-‚m-bn- k-a-kv-X- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- ]p-e-b¿-a-lm-k- - ÿm-]n-X-am-bn.- km-[p-P-\-]-cn-]m-e-\-kw-Lw- A-Xn¬- e-bn-®p.- A-ø-¶m-fn-bp-sS- a-Iƒ- X-¶-Ω-sb-bm-Wv- tI-i-h-≥ im-kv-Xn- hn-hm-lw- sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂-Xv.-

\-ºq-Xn-cn-am-cp-sS- C-S-bn¬- B-[p-\n-I- hn-Zym-`ym-kw- ]-N-cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p- 1908am¿-®n¬- sN-dp-ap-°v- ssh-Zn-I-s‚- `-h-\-Øn¬-h-®v- in-h-cm-Xn-Zn-h-kw- cq-]w-sIm-≠-tI-c-f-Øn¬- tbm-K-t£-a-k- -bp-sS- ap-Jy-e-£yw.- "-\-ºq-Xn-cn-sb- a-\p-jy-\m-°p-I-'-F-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p- k-`-bp-sS- ap-Zm-hm-Iyw.- \-ºq-Xn-cn- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚- hn-hm-l-co-Xn- ]-cn-jv-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\pw- A-h-cp-sS- h-\n-X-I-fp-sS-]m-c-X-¥y-ßƒ- C-√m-Xm-°p-∂-Xn-\pw- Cu-kw-L-S-\- Im-cy-am-b- tk-h-\w- sN-bv-Xp.- C.-Fw.-F-kv.- \-ºq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sv,- hn.-Sn.-`-´-Xn-cn-∏m-Sv- Xp-S-ßn-b-h¿- Cu- ]-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚- B-Zy-Im-e- t\-Xm-°-fm-Wv.- 1911¬- tbm-K-t£-aw- am-kn-I-bpw- 1920¬- D-Æn- \-ºq-Xn-cn- am-kn-I-bpw- kw-L-S-\-bp-sS- B-`n-ap-Jy-Øn¬-B-cw-`n-®p.- tbm-K-t£-a-k-`-bp-sS- B-`n-ap-Jy-Øn-ep-≈- hn-Zym- ym-k- ]-cn-jv-I-c-W-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ-°p- ]-Ww- k-ºm-Zn-°m-\m-bn- hn.-Sn.-bp-sS- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬- 1931¬- (sIm-√-h¿-jw- 1106 ao-\w- 23)- Xr-»q-cn¬-\n-∂v- h-S-t°m-´v- H-cp- bm-N-\m-bm-X- \-S-Øn.- Cu- bm-X-sIm-≠v- ]-h¿-Ø-\-Øn-\p- k-lm-b-I-am-b-Ip-td- ]-Ww- t\-Sn.-

In-kv-Xp-a-Xw- kzo-I-cn-®- A-bn-Ø-Pm-Xn-°m-cm-b- "-]p-Xp-In-kv-Xym-\n-'-I-sf- \-bn-°m-≥ Ip-am-c-Kp-cp-tZ-h-≥ F-∂- s]m-bv-I-bn¬-tbm-l-∂m-≥ (1879 -1939)- ÿm-]n-®-Xm-Wv- ]-Xy-£- c-£m- ssZ-h-k-`-(1909).- A-[-:-ÿn-X-cn-se- ]-Xn-\m-tem-fw- A-hm-¥-c-hn- m-K-ß-sf- H-cp-an-®p-sIm-≠p-h-cm-≥ Cu- ]-ÿm-\-Øn-\p- I-gn-™p.- km-[p-P-\-]-cn-]m-e-\-kw-L-Øn-s‚- ]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fp-am-bpw- Cu- kw-L-S-\- k-l-I-cn-®p- ]-h¿-Øn-®n-cp-∂p.- Xn-cp-h-√-bn-se- C-c-hn-t]-cq-cm-bn-cp-∂p- B-ÿm-\w.- Xn-cp-h-√-bn-se- A-a-c-°p-∂pw- s\-øm-

‰n-≥I-c-bv-°-Sp-Øp-≈- D-Zn-b-≥Ip-f-ß-c-bpw-kw-L-S-\-bp-sS- D-]-tI-µ-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p.- sX-°-≥ tI-c-f-Øn¬- ssZ-h-k-`- \n-c-h-[n- hn-Zym-e-b-ßƒ- ÿm-]n-®p.-

Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬- ]-d-b-k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚- t£-a-Øn-\m-bn- 1912¬- _-“-]-Xy-£-km-[p-P-\- ]-cn-]m-e-\- kw-Lw- Im-hm-cn-°p-fw- I-≠-≥ Ip-am-c-≥ ÿm-]n-®p.- "-]-d-b-≥'-F-∂- Pm-Xn-t∏-cp-am-‰n,- X-an-gv-\m-ń-se- in-h-`-‡-cm-b- ]-d-b¿-°p-≈- "-kmw-_-h¿-'- F-∂-t]-cv- A-\p-h-Zn-°-W-sa-∂v- 1918¬- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- cm-Pm-hm-b- io-aq-ew- Xn-cp-\mƒ- a-lm-cm-Pm-hn-\v- \n-th-Z-\w- k-a¿-∏n-®p.- cm-Pm-hv- Aw-Ko-I-cn-®-Xn-s\-Øp-S¿-∂v- 1919¬- ]m-gq¿- cm-a-≥ tN-∂-s‚- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬- kmw-_-h¿- kw-Lw- cq-]w- sIm-≠p.-

A-c-b-k-ap-Zm-b-sØ- kw-L-Sn-∏n-®v- i-‡-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n- sI.-]n.-I-dp-∏-≥ (1885 -1938)- F-d-Wm-Ip-f-sØ- tX-h-c-bn¬- hm-e-k-ap-Zm-b- ]-cn-jv-Im-cn-Wn-k- -bpw- (1910)- B-\m-∏p-g-bn¬- I-eym-W-Zm-bn-\n-k-`-bpw-(1912)-ssh-°-Øv- hm-e- tk-hm-k-an-Xn-bpw- cq-]-h¬-°-cn-°m-≥ t\-Xr-Xzw- \¬-In.- C-S-s°m-®n-bn¬- ⁄m-t\m-Z-bw- k-`,- F-ß-≠n-bq-cn¬-A-c-b-hw-tim-≤m-c-Wo- a-lm-k- ,- Ip-º-f-Øv-k-∑m¿-K- ]-Zo-]-]-`,- ]-d-hq-cn¬- k-ap-Zm-b-tk-hn-\n- Xp-S-ßn-b-h-bpw- ÿm-]n-°m-≥ I-dp-∏-≥ ap-≥ssI-sb-Sp-Øp.- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-epw- sIm-®n-bn-epw- a-e-_m-dn-epw- hn-hn-[-t]-cp-I-fn-epw- cq-]-Øn-epw- \-S-Øn-bn-cp-∂- k-ap-Zm-tbm-≤m-c-W- ]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ-°v- G-Io-Ir-X- cq-]-ap-≠m-°m-≥ b-Xv-\n-°p-I-bpw- A-c-b-hw-tim-≤m-c-Wn- F-∂- t]-cn-ep-≈- tI-µ-kw-L-S-\- cq-]-h-Xv-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬- ap-Jy-]-¶p- h-ln-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.-

sIm-®n- ]p-e-b- a-lm-k- - D-Zv-Lm-S-\w- sN-ø-s∏-´-Xv- 1913 sa-bv- 25\m-Wv.- Ir-jv-Wm-Xn-B-im-≥ kw-L-S-\-bp-sS- ]-kn-U-‚pw- ]n.-kn.-Nm-©-≥ sk-I- -dn-bp-am-bn.- ]p-e-b-cp-sS-hn-Zym-`ym-k- \n-e-hm-cw- D-b¿-Øp-∂-Xn-\pw-A-\m-Nm-c-ßƒ- Xp-S-®p-\o-°p-∂-Xn-\pw- km-º-Øn-I- D-∂-a-\w- ssI-h-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\pw- kw-L-S-\- Du-∂¬- \¬-In.-

\m-b¿- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚- D-≤m-c-Ww- e-£y-an-´v- 1914 H-Iv-tSm-_¿- 31\v- N-ß-\m-t»-cn- s]-cp-∂-bn¬- a-∂-Øp- ]-Zv-a-\m-`-s‚- h-k-Xn-bn¬- \m-b¿- k¿-ho-kv- skm-ssk-‰n-bp-sS- B-Zy-cq-]-am-b- \m-b¿- k-ap-Zm-b- `r-Xy-P-\- kw-Lw- cq-]w-sIm-≠p.- tKm-]m-e-Ir-jv-W- tKm-J-se-bp-sS- sk¿-h-‚ v-kv- Hm-^v-C-¥y- skm-ssk-‰n-bp-sS- am-Xr-I-bn-em-Wv-kw-L-S-\- ÿm-]n-®-Xv.- sI.-tI-f-∏-\m-bn-cp-

∂p- B-Zy- ]-kn-U-‚ v. a-∂-Øv- ]-Zv-a-\m-`-≥B-Zy- sk-I-´-dn-bm-bn.- a-∂w- cw-K-Øp- h-cp-∂-Xn-\p-ap-ºv- \m-b¿- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚- D-∂-a-\-Øn-\m-bn- ]-h¿-Øn-®- c-≠p- hy-‡n-I-fm-Wv- kn.-hn.-cm-a-≥ ]n-≈-bpw- kn.-Ir-jv-W-]n-≈-bpw.- "-a-e-bm-fn-k-`-'-sb-∂pw- ]n-∂o-Sv-"-tI-c-fo-b- \m-b¿- kw-L-S-\-'- F-∂- t]-cn-epw- A-dn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂- kw-L-S-\-bn-em-Wv-A-h¿- ]-h¿-Øn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.- a-∂-Øv- ]-Zv-a-\m-`-\pw- B-Zy-Im-e-Øv- tI-c-fo-b- \m-b¿-kw-L-S-\-bp-am-bn- k-l-I-cn-®p- ]-h¿-Øn-°p-I-bm-Wv- sN-bv-X-Xv.- I-∏-\- I-Æ-≥ ta-t\m-s‚- k-lm-b-tØm-sS- a-∂w- Xr-»q-cn-se- h-S-°m-t©-cn-bn¬- "-D-Ø-c- tI-c-f- \m-b¿- k-am-Pw-'- ÿm-]n-®p.- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw,-N-ß-\m-t»-cn,- Xr-»q¿- ,-a-e-_m¿- F-∂o- ]-tZ-i-ß-fn-se- \m-b¿- kw-L-S-\-I-sf- kp-kw-L-Sn-X-am-°n- \m-b¿- `r-Xy-P-\-kw-L-Øn¬- e-bn-∏n-®v- ]-h¿-Ø-\w- k-a-kv-X-tI-c-fm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-°n.- 1915em-Wv- \m-b¿-`r-Xy-P-\-kw-Lw- \m-b¿- k¿-ho-kv- skm-ssk-‰n-bm-bn- am-dn-b-Xv.- Cu- t]-cp- \n¿-t±-in-®-Xv- sI.-]-c-ap-]n-≈-bm-Wv.-

Pm-Xn-hy-Xym-kw- C-√m-Xm-°p-I,- \m-b¿-k-ap-Zm-b-Øn¬- ]-Nm-c-Øn-ep-≈- Xm-en-sI-´p- I-eym-Ww,- Xn-c-≠p-Ip-fn- Xp-S-ßn-b- A-\m-Nm-c-ßƒ- A-h-km-\n-∏n-°p-I,- k-ap-Zm-b-sØ- Iq-´p-Ip-Spw-_- k-º-Zm-b-Øn¬-\n-∂v-c-£n-°p-I- F-∂n-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p- kw-L-S-\-bp-sS- ]-[m-\- e-£y-ßƒ.- tIm-´-bw- Pn-√-bn-se- I-dp-I-®m-en-em-Wv- F-≥.-F-kv.-F-kn-s‚- B-Zy- kv-Iqƒ- ÿm-]n-®-Xv- (1915).-sI.-tI-f-∏-\m-bn-cp-∂p- sl-Uv-am-Ã¿.- B-Zy- F-≥.-F-kv.-F-kv.- tIm-tf-Pv- Xp-S-ßn-b-Xv- 1947Pq-em-bn¬- s]-cp-∂-bn-em-Wv.- Sn.-sI.-\m-cm-b-W-ø-cm-bn-cp-∂p- B-Zy- ]n-≥kn-∏¬-.-

F-≥.-F-kv.-F-kn-s‚- ap-J-]-X-am-bn-1919¬- I-dp-I-®m-en¬-\n-∂v- "-k¿-ho-kv-'- am-kn-I- ]-kn-≤o-I-c-W-am-cw-`n-®p.- \m-b¿- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn¬- D-]-Pm-Xn- hy-Xym-k-ß-fn-√m-Xm-°p-∂-Xn-epw- \m-b¿- d-Kp-te-j-\v- A-\p-Iq-e-am-b- A-`n-]m-bw- kw-L-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-epw- "-k¿-ho-kv-'- ]-¶p-h-ln-®p.- N-ß-\m-t»-cn- s]-cp-∂-bn-em-Wv- F-≥.-F-kv.-F-kv.- B-ÿm-\w.- F-≥.-F-kv.-F-kv- cq-]w- \¬-In-b-cm-jv-So-b-]-ÿm-\-am-Wv- F-≥.-Un.-]n.- (\m-j-W¬- U-tam-Im-‰n-Iv- ]m¿-ń-).- hn-Zym-e-b-ß-fpw- I-em-e-b-ß-fpw- B-ip-]-Xn-I-fpw-tlm-Ã-ep-I-fp-am-bn- ]-S¿-∂p-]-¥-en-®n- p-≈-F-≥.-F-kv.-F-kv.- C-∂v- tI-c-f-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw-h-en-b- tIm¿-∏-td-‰v- am-t\-Pp-sa-‚p-I-fn-sem-∂m-Wv.- kw-`m-h-\-Iƒ- kzo-I-cn-®pw- D¬-]-

∂-∏n-cn-hp-\-S-Øn-bp-am-Wv- a-∂w- kw-L-S-\-sb- C-Ø-c-Øn¬- h-f¿-Øn-b-Xv.- D¬-]-∂-]n-cn-hn-\v- ho-Sp-ho-Sm-¥-cw- I-b-dn-bn-d-ßp-tºmƒ- ]m-Sm-\m-bn- ]-¥-fw- sI.-]n.-cm-a-≥]n-≈- c-Nn-®-Xm-Wv- "-A-Jn-em-Wv-U-a-Wv-U-ew-A-Wn-bn-s®m-cp-°n-'- F-∂- ]-kn-≤-am-b-]m¿-Y-\m-Km-\w.-

Cu-g-h-cp-sS- A-`n-hr-≤n-°m-bn- i-an-®n-´p-≈- a-s‰m-cp- kw-L-S-\-bm-Wv- k-tlm-Z-c-k-am-Pw.- k-tlm-Z-c-≥ A-ø-∏-\m-Wv- 1917¬-Cu- kw-L-S-\- ÿm-]n-®-Xv.- sIm-®n-bn-se-sN-dm-bn-bn¬- ]p-e-b-tcm-sSm-∏-an-cp-∂v- "-an-i-t`m-P-\w-'- \-S-Øn-s°m-≠m-Wv- A-t±-lw- Cu-]-ÿm-\-Øn-\p- Xp-S-°w- Ip-dn-®-Xv.- Cu-g-h-k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-se- bm-Ym-ÿn-Xn-I-cpw- D¬-]-Xn-jv-Wp-°-fpw- X-Ωn-ep-≈- kw-L¿-j-Øn-\v- Cu- kw-L-S-\-bp-sS- cq-]-h¬-°-c-Ww- Xp-S-°w- Ip-dn-®p.- bm-Ym-ÿn-Xn-I¿- A-ø-∏-s\-"-]p-e-b-≥ A-ø-∏-≥'- F-∂p- hn-fn-®p- ]-cn-l-kn-®p.- k-tlm-Z-c-k-am-P-Øn-s‚- ap-J-]-X-am-bn- a-´m-t©-cn-bn¬- B-cw-`n-®-Xm-Wv- "-k-tlm-Z-c-≥'- am-kn-I.- io-\m-cm-b-W- Kp-cp-hn-s‚- "-H-cp- Pm-Xn- H-cp- a-Xw- H-cp- ssZ-hw- a-\p-jy-\v-'- F-∂v- D-]-tZ-in-®-t∏mƒ,- k-tlm-Z-c-≥ A-ø-∏-≥ Kp-cp-hn-s‚- B-in¿-hm-Z-tØm-sS-X-s∂- A-Xn-s\- t`-Z-K-Xn- sN-bv-Xv- "-Pm-Xn- th-≠m- a-Xw- th-≠m- ssZhw th-≠m-a-\p-jy-\v-'- F-∂v- \n-e-]m-Sv- ap-t∂m-´p-h-®p.-

hn.-Sn.- `-´-Xn-cn-∏m-Sv- (1896˛-1982)- \-ºq-Xn-cn- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-se- A-\m-Nm-c-ßƒ-s°-Xn-sc-bpw- kv-Xo- kzm-X-¥y-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bpw-i-_v-Z-ap-b¿-Øn.- ap-…n-ßƒ-°n-S-bn¬- B-[p-\n-I- hn-Zym-`ym-kw- ]-N-cn-∏n-°m-\pw- A-\m-Nm-c-ßƒ- A-h-km-\n-∏n-°m-\pw- ap-≥ssI-F-Sp-Ø- km-aq-ln-I- ]-cn-jv-I¿-Øm-hm-Wv- h-°w- A-_v-Zpƒ- Jm-Z¿- au-e-hn- (1873˛-1932).-A-t±-lw- 1923¬- ÿm-]n-®- "-tI-c-f- ap-…nw-sF-Iy- kw-Lw-'- ap-…nw- k-ap-Zm-b-sØ- _m-[n-°p-∂- a-X-]-c-hpw- km-ap-Zm-bn-I-hp-am-b- ]-iv-\-ßƒ- N¿-®- sN-øp-∂-Xn-\p-≈- th-Zn-bm-bn- ]-h¿-Øn-®p.-

Pm-Xn-[zw-k-\-Øn-epw- l-cn-P-t\m-≤m-c-W-Øn-epw- Im-e-Sn- cm-a-Ir-jv-Wm-i-a-Øn-se-B-K-am-\-µ-kzm-an-Iƒ- F-∂- Ir-jv-W-≥ \-ºym-Xn-cn- (1896˛-1961)- an-I-®- tk-h-\w- A¿-∏n-®p.-

tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- sXm-gn-em-fn-kw-L-S-\-bm-b- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- te-_¿- A-tkm-kn-tb-j-s‚- (1922)- ÿm-]-I-cn-sem-cm-fm-b- hm-S-∏p-dw- ]n.-sI.-_m-h- (1884˛-1969)-sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-sS- ]p-tcm-K-Xn-°m-bn- Po-hn-

Xw- A¿-∏n-®- h-y-‡n-bm-Wv.-

C.-Fw.-i¶c≥- \ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSv(1909˛1998)

1909 Pq-em-bv- 14\v- s]-cn-¥¬-a-Æ-bv-°-Sp-Øv- G-ew-Ip-fw- a-\-bv-°-em-Wv- G-ew-Ip-fw- ]-c-ta-iz-c-≥ \-ºq-Xn-cn-bp-sS-bpw- hn-jv-Wp-Z-Ø- A-¥¿-P-\-Øn-s‚-bpw- \m-em-a-sØ-a-I-\m-bn- C.-Fw.-F-kv.- F-∂- G-ew-Ip-fw- a-\-bv-°¬- i-¶-c-≥ \-ºq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sv- P-\n-®-Xv.-

sN-dp-∏-Øn¬- Ip-©p- F-∂- Hm-a-\-t∏-cn¬- A-dn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂- A-t±-l-Øn-\v- ]-c-º-cm-K-X- co-Xn-bn-ep-≈- hn-Zym-`ym-k-am-Wv- _m-ey-Im-e-Øv- e-`n-®-Xv.-

s]-cn-¥¬-a-Æ- kv-Iq-fn¬- aq-∂mw- ^m-d-Øn-em-Wv- i-¶-c-s‚- kv-Iqƒ- hn-Zym-`ym-kw- B-cw-`n-®-Xv.-

\-ºq-Xn-cn- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s≥d- t£-a-Øn-\m-bn- ]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂- tbm-K-t£-a-k- -bp-sS- bp-h-P-\-hn- m-K-Øn-\p- t\-Xr-Xzw- \¬-In-b- A-t±-l-sØ- hn.-Sn.- - -Xn-cn-∏m-Sv,- Fw.-B¿.-_n.- F-∂o-h¿- kzm-[o-\n-®p.-

1926˛¬- ]m-ip-]-Xw- am-kn-I-bn-em-Wv- C.-Fw.-F-kn-s‚-B-Zy- te-J-\w- ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv.-

1927˛¬- C.-Fw.-F-kv.- C-¥y-≥ \m-j-W¬- tIm-¨-K-kn¬- tN¿-∂p.- ]p-tcm-K-a-\-]-c-am-b- B-i-b-ßƒ- A-t±-

\thm∞m\ \mbI¿

l-Øn-\v- B-th-i-am-bn-cp-∂p.-hn.-Sn.- - -Xn-cn-∏m-Sn-s‚- "-A-Sp-°-f-bn¬-\n-∂v- A-c-ß-tØ-

°v-'- F-∂- \m-S-I-Øn¬- C.-Fw.-F-kv.- H-cp- sN-dn-b- th-j-Øn¬- A-`n-\-bn-®n-cp-∂p.-

1931˛¬- Xr-»q¿- sk-‚ v- tXm-a-kv- tIm-tf-Pn-se- C-‚¿-ao-Un-b-‰v- ]-T-\w- D-t]-£n-®p.-

P-h-l¿-em¬- s\-lp- F-∂- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚- B-Zy- ]p-kv-X-Iw- ]p-d-Øp-h-∂-Xv- 1931˛-em-Wv.-

1932 P-\p-h-cn- 17˛-\m-Wv- C.-Fw.-F-kv.- B-Zy-am-bn- A-d-Ãv- sN-ø-s∏-´-Xv.-

1932˛¬- tI-c-f-Øn-se- tIm-¨-K-kv- Un-Iv-tS-‰¿- F-∂-]-Z-hn- kzo-I-cn-®p.-

tI-c-f- Ir-jo-h-e-kw-Lw- cq-]-h-Xv-I-cn-®- A-t±-lw- 1934am¿-®n¬- A-Xn-s≥d- sk-I-´-dn-bm-bn.-

C.-Fw.-F-kn-s‚- Po-hn-X-Øn¬- \n¿-Wm-b-I- kzm-[o-\w-sN-ep-Øn-bn-´p-≈- hy-‡n-I-fm-Wv- F.-sI.-Pn-bpw- ]n.-Ir-jv-W-]n-≈-bpw.-

1934¬-Ø-s∂- tIm- -K-kv- tkm-jy-en-kv-‰v- ]m¿- n-bn¬-C.-Fw.-F-kv.- kv-Ym-]-Imw-K-am-bn.-

1934˛¬- C.-Fw.-F-kv.- tIm- -K-kv- tI-c-f-L-S-I-Øn-s‚-sk-I-´-dn-bm-bn.-

1937˛¬- C.-Fw.-F-kv.- a-Zm-kv- \n-b-a-k-`mw-K-am-bn.-1937˛¬- tIm-gn-t°m- v- c-l-ky-tbm-Kw- tN¿-∂v- I-ayp-Wn-

Ãv- ]m¿-ń-bp-sS- tI-c-f- L-S-Iw- cq-]-h-Xv-I-cn-®p.- 1939˛¬-I-Æq-cn-se- ]n-W-dm-bn-bn¬- ]m¿-ń-bp-sS- cq-]-h-Xv-I-c-Ww-]-Jym-]n-®p.-

C.-Fw.-F-kv.,- ]n.-Ir-jv-W-]n-≈,- F-≥.-kn.-ti-J¿,- sI.-Zm-tam-Z-c-≥ F-∂n-h-cm-Wv- Cu- tbm-K-Øn¬- ]-s¶-Sp-Ø- ]-ap-J¿.-

tI-c-f-Øn¬- I-ayq-Wn-kv-‰v- ]m¿- n-bp-sS- kv-Ym-]-I-cn-sem-cm-fm-b- A-t±-lw- 1941 ap-X¬- A-Xn-s≥d- tI-µ-I-Ωn-‰n- Aw-K-am-bn.-

1952 -se- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏n¬- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- a-Wv-U-e-Øn¬-sI.-]n.-Ip- n-Ir-jv-W-≥\m-b-tcm-Sv- ]-cm-P-b-s∏- -Xm-Wv- C.-Fw.-F-kv.- s]m-Xp-Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏n¬- hn-P-bn-°m-Ø- G-I- A-h-k-cw.-

1957¬- \o-te-iz-cw- a-Wv-U-e-Øn¬- P-bn-®- C.-Fw.-F-kv.- tI-c-f- kw-kv-Ym-\-Øn-s≥d- B-Zy- ap-Jy-a-¥n-bm-bn.-G-jy-bn¬- _m-e-‰v- t]-∏-dn-eq-sS- A-[n-Im-c-Øn¬-h-∂- B-Zy- I-ayp-Wn-Ãv- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-W-t±-lw.-

P-∑n-Xzw- A-h-km-\n-∏n-®v- Ip-Sn-bm-\v- A-h-≥ ]-Wn-sb-Sp-°p-∂- a-Æn¬- A-h-Im-iw- \¬-Ip-∂- Ip-Sn-sbm-gn-∏n-°¬-

2014 \hw_¿- 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 9

hn-cp-≤- \n-b-a-am-Wv- C.-Fw.-F-kv.- k¿-°m¿-B-Zy-am-bn- ]m-km-°n-b-Xv.-

hn-tam-N-\-k-a-c-sØ-Øp-S¿-∂v- 1959 Pq-sse- 31 cm-jv-S-]-Xn- C.-Fw.-F-kv.- a-¥n-k-`-sb- ]n-cn-®p-hn-´p.- C-¥y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn- `-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS- 356˛mw- A-\p-Nv-tO-Z-Øn-s≥d-]-tbm-K-Øn-eq-sS- A-[n-Im-cw- \-jv-S-s∏- - ap-Jy-a-¥n-bm-W-t±-lw.-

]-´m-ºn- a-Wv-U-e-Øn¬-\n-∂v- 1960,-1967,-1970 h¿-j-ß-fn-epw- B-e-Øq-cn¬-\n-∂v-1977˛-epw- A-t±-lw- tI-c-f- \n-b-a-k-`-bn-te-°v- Xn-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´p.-

1960˛-64 Im-e-Øv- ]-Xn-]-£-t\-Xm-hm-b- A-t±-lw- 1962˛¬- A-hn-`-‡- I-ayp-Wn-Ãv- ]m¿-ń-bp-sS- tZ-io-b- P-\-d¬- sk-I-´-dn-bm-bn.-

1964¬- C-¥y-≥ I-ayq-Wn-kv-‰v- ]m¿-ń- ]n-f¿-∂-t∏mƒ- A-t±-lw- C-S-Xp- I-ayq-Wn-kv-‰v-]m¿-ń-bp-sS- (kn.-]n.-sF.- Fw.-)- t\-Xm-hm-bn.-

1967¬- ho-≠pw- tI-c-f- ap-Jy-a-¥n-bm-bn.-(1967˛-69).- Cu- a-¥n-k-`- L-S-I-I-£n-I-fp-sS- A-ss\-Iyw- aq-ew- 1969 H-Iv-tSm-_¿- 24\v- \n-ew- ]-Xn-®p.-

1967˛¬- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂- kw-ÿm-\- B-kq-X-W- t_m¿-Un-s‚- B-Zy- A-[y-£-≥C.-Fw.-F-kv.- B-bn-cp-∂p.-

1978˛¬- kn.-]n.-Fw.- P-\-d¬- sk-I-´-dn-bm-b- C.-Fw.-F-kv.- 1992 h-sc- B- ]-Z-hn-bn¬- Xp-S¿-∂p.- A-¥-cn-°pw-h-sc- s]m-fn-‰v-_yq-tdm- Aw-K-am-bn-cp-∂p- A-t±-lw.-

tI-c-fw- a-e-bm-fn-I-fp-sS- am-Xr-`q-an,- Km-\v-[n-bpw- Km-\v-[n-k-hpw,- Z- \m-j-W¬- Iz-kv-‰y-≥ C-≥ tI-c-f,- C-¥ym- N-cn-X-Øn-te-°v- H-cp- F-Øn-t\m-´w,- C-¥y- A-≠¿- tIm-¨-K-kv- dqƒ,- tI-c-f- F-kv-‰¿-tU,- Zn- F-°-tWm-an-Iv-kv- B-≥dv- s]m-fn-‰n-Iv-kv- Hm-^v- Zn-tkm-jy-en-kv-‰v- ]m-t‰-¨- F-∂o- Ir-Xn-Iƒ-C.-Fw.-F-kv.- c-Nn-®p.- ]-`m-Xw,- tZ-im-`n-am-\n,- \-h-bp-Kw,- P-\-bp-Kw,- \-h-Po-h-≥,- Nn-¥-Xp-S-ßn-b- ]-kn-≤o-I-c-W-ßƒ- C.-Fw.-F-kv.-s≥d- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-em-Wv- B-cw-`n-®-Xv.-

1998 am¿-®v- 19\v- C.-Fw.-F-kv.-A-¥-cn-®p.-tI-c-f- \n-b-a-k-`-bn¬- I¿-j-I- _-\v-[-

_n¬- A-h-X-cn-∏n-®-Xv- C.-Fw.-F-kv.- ap-Jy-a-¥n-bm-bn-cn-s°-bm-Wv.-

C.-Fw.-F-kv.,- tI-k-cn- _m-e-Ir-jv-W-]n-≈,- Fw.-]n.- t]mƒ,- sI.-Zm-tam-Z-c-≥ F-∂n-h¿- tN¿-∂p- cq-]w-\¬-In-b- Po-h¬- km-ln-Xy- ]-ÿm-\-am-Wv- ]p-tcm-K-a-\- km-ln-Xy-]-ÿm-\-am-bn- am-dn-b-Xv.-

kp-tc-µ-≥,- F-kv.-]-c-ta-iz-c-≥,- ]n.-F-kv.-sN-dn-bm-≥,- sI.-sI.- hm-kp-tZ-h-≥ F-∂n-h-C.-Fw.-F-kn-s‚- Xq-en-I- \m-a-ß-fm-Wv.-

tI-c-f- \n-b-a-k- -bn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬-Im-ew- ]-Xn-]-£-t\-Xm-hv- ÿm-\w- h-ln-®-Xv- C.-Fw.-F-kv.- B-Wv.-

X-]m¬- Ãm-ºn¬- Nn-Xw- A-®-Sn-°-s∏-´- B-Zy-sØ- tI-c-f- ap-Jy-a-¥n-bpw- C.-Fw.-F-km-Wv.-

i-h-≥ F-d-Wm-Ip-fw- a-lm-cm-Pm-kv- tIm-tf-Pn¬- tN¿-∂p.- sIm-®n-bn¬- Cu-g-h-cp-sS-ÿn-Xn- tam-i-am-b-Xn-\m¬- tI-i-h-\v- Pm-Xn-bp-sS- t]-cn¬- ]-e- A-]-am-\-ß-fpw- k-ln-t°-≠n-h-∂p.-

1916˛¬- C-‚¿- ]-co-£- ]q¿-Øn-bm-°n-a-ø-\m-´v- a-S-ßn-sb-Øn.- Xp-S¿-∂v- kn.-hn.-Ip-™p-cm-a-s‚-bpw- Sn.-kn.-cm-a-s‚-bpw- H-∏w-km-aq-ln-I- ]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fn¬- ]-¶m-fn-bm-bn.-

im-kv-Xmw-tIm-hn-en-se- kv-Iq-fn¬- ]-[m-\m-[ym-]-I-\m-bn- Np-a-X-e-tb-‰- A-t±-lw- ]n-∂o-Sv- ]m-e-°m-Sv- _m-k¬- kv-Iq-fn¬- t_m-´-Wn- A-[ym-]-I-\m-bn.- C-hn-sS- sN-e-h-gn-®- F-´p-am-k-°m-e-Øv- In-kv-Xp-a-X-hpw- hn-th-Im-\-µ- X-Xz-ß-fpw- A-t±-l-sØ- B-I¿-jn-®p.-

Xn-cn-sI- F-Øn-b- tI-i-h-≥ Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øv- _n-cp-Z-]-T-\-Øn-\p-tN¿-∂p.-1920˛¬- A-t±-lw- kn.-hn.-Ip-™p-cm-a-s‚- a-I-fpw- X-s‚- ap-d-s∏-Æp-am-b- hm-k-¥n-sb-hn-hm-lw- I-gn-®p.-

Xp-S¿-∂v- am-th-en-°-c- kv-Iq-fn¬- ]-[m-\m-[ym-]-I-\m-b- tI-i-h-≥ km-aq-ln-I- ]-iv-\-ß-fn¬- k-Po-h-am-bn- C-S-s]- p- Xp-S-ßn.-

A-[ym-]-I- tPm-en-bp-t]-£n-®v- _¿-a-bn¬- kz-tZ-i-h-kv-Xw- ]-N-cn-∏n-°m-\m-bn-t]m-bn.- F-¶n-epw- A-Xn¬- hn-P-bn-°m-sX-a-S-ßn-sb-Øn.- Xp-S¿-∂v- io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hp-am-bn- ]-cn-N-b-s∏-´- tI-i-h-≥,- Kp-cp-hn-s‚- \n¿-t±-i-]-Im-cw- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øv-tem- tIm-tf-Pn¬- tN¿-∂p.-

\n-b-a-_n-cp-Zw- t\-Sn- sIm-√w- tIm-S-Xn-bn¬- h-°o-em-b- kn.-tI-i-h-\v- C.-hn.-Ir-jv-W-]n-≈-sb-bpw- Sn.-Fw.-h¿-Ko-kn-s\-bpw- kp-lr-Øp-°-fm-bn- e-`n-®p.-

Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬- Nn-Øn-c- Xn-cp-\mƒ-a-lm-cm-Pm-hv- \-S-∏m-°n-b- -c-W-]-cn-jv-Im-c-ß-fn¬- Cu-g-h¿,- In-kv-Xym-\n-Iƒ,- ap-…n-ßƒ- Xp-S-ßn-b- ]n-t∂m-°- Pm-Xn-°m¿-°v-P-\-kw-Jym-\p-]m-Xn-I-am-bn- \n-b-a-k- -bn-epw-D-tZym-K-ß-fn-epw- A¿-l-am-b- ]m-Xn-\n-[yw-e-`n-°m-Ø-Xv- Cu- k-ap-Zm-b-ß-sf- \n-cm-i-cm-°n.-

A-h¿- Cu- A-\o-Xn-bv-s°-Xn-sc- t]m-cm-Sm-≥ kw-bp-‡- cm-jv-So-b- k-`-bv-°p- cq-]w- \¬-In- (C-Xv- ]n-∂o-Sv- 1933˛¬- kw-bp-‡- cm-jv-So-b- k-an-Xn- F-∂- t]-cp- kzo-I-cn-®p-).- F-≥.- hn.- tPm-k-^v,- Sn.- Fw.- h¿-Ko-kv,- ]n.- sI.- Ip-™v- Xp-S-ßn-b-h¿-s°m-∏w-kn.-tI-i-h-\pw- k-a-c-Øn-s‚- ap-≥\n-c-bn¬-\n-e-sIm-≠p.-

1935 sa-bv- am-k-Øn¬- \-S-Øn-b- tIm-g-t©-cn- ]-kw-K-Øn-s‚- t]-cn¬- cm-Py-tZm-l-°p-‰-am-tcm-]n-®v- Pq- - G-gn-\v- tI-i-h-s\-A-d-Ãp-sN-bv-Xp.- Sn.-Fw.-h¿-Ko-km-Wv- A-t±-l-Øn-\p-th-≠n- tI-kv- hm-Zn-®-Xv.-

P-bn-en-e-S-bv-°-s∏-´- tI-i-h-≥ 1937 B-K-kv-Xv- 25˛-\v- tam-Nn-X-\m-bn.- A-t±-l-Øn-\v- kzo-I-c-Ww- \¬-Im-≥ B-e-∏p-g-bn¬- kw-L-Sn-∏n-®- A-Xn-Kw- o-c-tbm-K-Øn¬- ]-s¶-Sp-Øp- \-S-Øn-b- ]-kw-K-Øn-s‚- t]-cn¬- Sn.-Fw.-h¿-Ko-kn-\v- io-aq-ew- A-kw-ªn-bn-se-U-]yq-ń- ]-kn-U-‚ v- ÿm-\w- \-jv-S-am-bn.-Iu-ap-Zn- ]-X-am-cw-`n-®v- tI-i-h-≥ A-Xn-eq-sS- k¿-°m-cn-s\-Xn-sc- B-™-Sn-®p.-

D-Ø-c-hm-Z- `-c-W-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp-≈-tÃ-‰v- tIm-¨-K-kn-s‚- k-a-c-Øn-epw- ]-´w-Xm-Wp-]n-≈-bv-°pw- Sn.-Fw.-h¿-Ko-kn-\pw- H-∏w- kn.-tI-i-h-\pw- ap-≥\n-c-bn¬- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.-

1948 am¿-®n¬- ]-´w- Xm-Wp-]n-≈- cq-]-h¬-°-cn-®- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-se- ]-Y-a- P-\-Io-b- a-¥n-k- -bn¬- Sn.-Fw.-h¿-Ko-kn-s\m-∏w-tI-i-h-\pw- a-¥n-bm-bn.- ]-´-Øn-s‚- ]-e-\-S-]-Sn-I-tfm-Spw- C-cp- a-¥n-am-cpw- hn-tbm-Pn-®p.-

]-´-Øn-\p-ti-jw- A-[n-Im-c-Øn¬-h-∂-]-d-hq¿- Sn.-sI.-\m-cm-b-W-]n-≈-bm-Wv- Xn-cp-˛-sIm-®n-bn-se- B-Zy- a-¥n-k-`-bv-°v- t\-Xr-

Xzw- \¬-In-b-Xv.- B- a-¥n-k-`- cm-Pn-h-®-t∏mƒ- 1951 am¿-®v- aq-∂n-\v- kn.-tI-i-h-≥ Xn-cp-˛-sIm-®n- ap-Jy-a-¥n-bm-bn.-

i-_-cn-a-e- t£-X-Øn-\p- Xo-]n-Sn-®- A-h-k-c-Øn¬- H-c-º-ew- \-in-®m¬- A-X-bpw-A-‘-hn-izm-kw- \-in-°pw- F-∂- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚- ]-kv-Xm-h-\- G-sd- hn-hm-Z-ßƒ-°p-h-gn- sX-fn-®p.-

kn.-tI-i-h-s‚- "-`-K-hm-≥ Im-d¬- am¿-Iv-kv-'- ]-tbm-K-hpw- tI-c-f- cm-jv-So-b-Øn¬- N¿-®m-hn-j-b-am-bn.-

1952˛¬- ]p-Xn-b- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏v- k-am-K-X-am-b-tXm-sS- a-¥n-k-`-sb- ]n-cn-®p-hn-´p.-

I-ta-W- tI-i-h-≥ k-Po-h- cm-jv-So-b-Øn¬- \n-∂p-a-I-∂p.- C-f-b- a-I-≥ `-Z-s‚-bpw- Po-hn-X-Im-ew- ap-gp-h-≥ Xm-ßm-bn- H-∏-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂- `m-cy-bp-sS-bpw- a-c-Ww- A-t±-l-sØ- D-e-®p-I-f-™p.- 1969 Pq-em-bv- G-gn-\v- A-t±-lw- hn-S-]-d-™p.-

kn.-tI-i-h-≥ c-Nn-®- D-÷z-e-am-b- B-fl-I-Y-bm-Wv- "-Po-hn-X-k-a-cw-'.-

kn.-tI-i-h-≥ sa-tΩm-dn-b¬- Su-¨-

lmƒ- sIm-√-Øm-Wv.-

tUm.thep°pńAcb≥ (1894˛1961)s]m-Xp- ]-h¿-Ø-\w,- im-kv-Xw,-km-ln-

Xyw,-]-X-]-h¿-Ø-\w- F-∂n-h-bn-se-√mw-tim- n-®- _-lp-ap-J- ]-Xn- -bm-bn-cp-∂p- tUm.-th-ep-°p- n- A-c-b-≥.- B-bp¿-th-Zw,- A-tem-∏-Xn,- tlm-an-tbm- F-∂o- ssh-Zy-im-kv-X-co-Xn-I-fn¬- ]m-ho-Wyw- t\-Sn-b- `n-j-Kz-c-≥F-∂- \n-e-bn-epw- A-t±-lw- an-I-hm¿-∂- ]-h¿-Ø-\-Øn-\p-S-am-bm-Wv.-

B-e-∏m-Sv- th-em-bp-[-≥ ssh-Zy-cp-sS-bpw-]-\-aq-ń¬- sh-fp-Ø- Ip-™-Ω-bp-sS-bpw- a-I-\m-bn- 1894 am¿-®v- ]-Xn-s\m-∂n-\m-Wv- th-

ep-°p-ń- A-c-b-≥ P-\n-®-Xv.-]m-Y-an-I- hn-Zym-`ym-kw- ]q¿-Øn-bm-°n-

b-ti-jw- th-ep-°p-ń- A-c-b-≥ B-bp¿-th-Zw- ]-Tn-®p.- ]-Xn-s\- v- h-b- m-b-t∏m-tg-°pw-B-bp¿-th-Zw,- kw-kv-Ir-Xw,- Cw-•n-jv- F-∂o-hn-j-b-ß-fn¬- A-t±-lw- A-h-Km-lw- t\-Sn-°-gn-™n-cp-∂p.-

Xp-S¿-∂v- th-ep-°p- n- A-c-b-≥ a-Zm-kn¬-A-tem-∏-Xn- ]-T-\-Øn-\p-tN¿-∂p.- A-tXm-sSm-∏w- \n-b-a-hpw- a-’y-_-‘-\w- kw-_-‘n-®- Im-cy-ß-fpw- ]-Tn-°m-\pw- A-t±-lw-k-a-bw- I-s≠-Øn.-

A-tem-∏-Xn- ]-T-\-Øn-\p-ti-jw- I¬-°--bn-se- tlm-an-tbm- sa-Un-°¬- tIm-tf-Pn¬-

tN¿-∂- A-t±-lw- H-∂mw- dm-t¶m-sS- _n-cp-Zw- t\-Sn.- Xp-S¿-∂v- kz-tZ-i-tØ-°v- a-S-ßn-b- A-t±-lw- tUm-Iv-S-dm-bn- ]m-Iv-So-kv- B-cw- n-®p.-

X-s‚- k-ap-Zm-b-tØm-Spw- cm-Py-tØm-Sp-ap-≈- ]-Xn-_-≤-X- A-t±-lw- a-d-∂n-√.- A-c-b-k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚- D-∂-a-\-Øn-\pw- A-Xn-

kn.-]n.-Fw.- kv-t‰-‰v- I-Ωn-‰n- ÿm-]n-®- C.-Fw.-F-kv.- A-°m-Z-an- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw- Pn-√-bn-se- hn-f-∏n¬-im-e-bn-em-Wv.-

tI-c-f-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sq-X¬- ]m-h-iyw- ]-Xn-]-£-t\-Xm-hv,-tI-c-f-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬-Im-ew- Xp-S¿-®-bm-bn- ]-Xn-]-£-t\-Xm-hv- F-∂o- hn-ti-j-W-ßƒ- C.-Fw.-F-kn-\p- kz-¥-am-Wv.-

tI-c-f- \n-b-a-k-`-bp-sS- h-f-∏n¬- ]-Xn-a-ÿm-]n-°-s∏- - B-Zy- ap-Jy-a-¥n- C.-Fw.-F-km-Wv.-

s\-bv-Øp-Im-c-≥ F-∂- kn-\n-a-bp-sS- ]-Xn-]m-Zyw- C.-Fw.-F-kn-s‚- Po-hn-X-am-Wv.-

1910 ¬- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- k¿-°m¿- I-≠p-sI- n-b- kz-tZ-im- n-am-\n- ]-kv- Xn-cn-sI- \¬-In-b-Xv- C.-Fw.-F-kv.- ap-Jy-a-¥n-bm-bn-cn-s°-bm-Wv.-

Fw.-ap-Ip-µ-s‚- tI-i-h-s‚- hn-em-]-ßƒ-F-∂- t\m-h-en-s‚- ]-ta-bw- C.-Fw.-F-kn-s‚- Po-hn-X-am-Wv.-

kn.tIih≥ (1891˛1969)\n¿-`-b-Xz-Øn-s‚-bpw- B-Z¿-i-ip-≤n-bp-

sS-bpw- ]-cym-b-am-b- -c-W-I¿-Øm-hv-˛- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-se- A-h-Im-i- k-a-c-ß-fp-sS- ap-∂-Wn-t∏m-cm-fn-bpw- F-kv.-F-≥.-Un.-]n.- ]-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚- A-a-c-°m-c-\pw- Xn-cp-˛-sIm-®n- ap-Jy-a-¥n-bp-am-bn-cp-∂- kn.-tI-i-h-s\-tI-c-f- N-cn-Xw- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv- C-]-Im-c-am-Wv.-

k-aq-l-Øn-s‚- A-Sn-Ø-ń¬-\n-∂v- D-b¿-

∂p-h-∂v- s]m-Xp-]-h¿-Ø-I-≥ F-∂-Xn-s\m-∏w- F-gp-Øp-Im-c-≥,- hm-‹n- F-∂o- \n-e-I-fn-epw- I-gn-hp- sX-fn-bn-®- Cu- t\-Xm-hv- A-`n-t\-Xm-hpw- Km-b-I-\pw- Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.-

a-e-bm-f-\m-ń¬- ]n-∂m-°- hn-`m-K-Øn¬-\n-∂v- ap-Jy-a-¥n-°-tk-c-bn-se-Øn-b- (Xn-cp-sIm-®n-bn¬-)- B-Zy- hy-‡n- F-∂- hn-ti-j-W-hpw- knw-l-f- knw-lw- F-∂- A-]-c-\m-a-Øn-\p-S-a-bm-b- kn.-tI-i-h-\v- kz-¥-am-Wv.-

sIm-√-Øv- a-ø-\m-´m-Wv- 1891 sa-bv- 23˛-\v-kn.-tI-i-h-≥ P-\n-®-Xv.- s\-bv-Øp-Im-cm-bn-cp-∂- Ip-©-\pw- N-°n-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p- am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ.-

F-gp-Øp-Im-c-\pw- io-\m-cm-b-W-]-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚- km-c-Yn-bpw- km-aq-ln-I- ]-cn-jv-I¿-Øm-hp-am-bn-cp-∂- kn.-hn.-Ip-™p-cm-a-≥A-Ωm-h-\m-bn-cp-∂p.- Cu-g-h- k-ap-Zm-bw- A-Sn-a-Ø-Øn¬-\n-∂v- D-b¿-sØ-gp-t∂¬-°p-∂-Im-e-am-bn-cp-∂p- A-Xv.-

hn-Zym- ym-k-Øn-eq-sS- D-b-c-W-sa-∂p-≈-t\-Xm-°-fp-sS- B-lzm-\w- tI-i-h-s‚- am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-sf-bpw- kzm-[o-\n-®p.- A-Xp-sIm-≠v- A-h¿- a-I-s\- s\-bv-Øp-tPm-en-°v- A-b-bv-°m-sX- sh-≈-a-W¬- kv-Iq-fn¬- tN¿-Øp.- sIm-√w- sk-‚ v- A-tem-jy-kv- kv-Iq-fn-epw- Xp-S¿-∂v- k¿-°m¿- kv-Iq-fn-epw- tI-i-h-≥ ]-T-\w- Xp-S¿-∂p.-

1913˛¬- kv-Iqƒ- ss^-\¬- I-gn-™v- tI-

10 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2014 \hw_¿- 1

s\- Nq-j-W-Øn¬-\n-∂pw- A-Sn-®-a¿-Ø-en¬-\n-∂pw- tam-Nn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p- th-≠n-bpw- A-t±-lw- A-im-¥w- ]-cn-i-an-®p.-

\n-c-h-[n- km-aq-ln-I- ]-ÿm-\-ß-fpw-sXm-gn-em-fn- kw-L-S-\-I-fpw- A-t±-lw- ÿm-]n-®p.- 1908˛¬- X-s‚- ]-Xn-\m-em-a-sØ- h-b- n¬- P-∑-Km-a-am-b- I-cp-\m-K-∏-≈n-bn¬-sN-dn-b-go-°¬- hn-⁄m-\-k-µm-bn-\n- K-Ÿ-im-e-bp-sS- ÿm-]-\-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv- th-ep-°p- n- A-c-b-s‚- kw- -h-_-lp-e-am-b- s]m-Xp-Po-hn-Xw- Xp-S-ßp-∂-Xv.-

]-Xn-aq-∂mw- h-b- n¬- c-Nn-®- In-cm-Xm¿-Pp-\o-b-am-Wv- tUm.- th-ep-°p-ń- A-c-b-s‚-A-®-Sn-°-s∏-´- B-Zy- c-N-\.-

th-ep-°p-ń- A-c-b-s‚- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-em-Wv- 1916˛¬- sN-dn-b-go-°¬- A-c-b-hw-i-]-cn-]m-e-\-tbm-Kw- cq-]-h-Xv-I-cn-°-s∏-´-Xv.- Cu-kw-L-S-\- ]n¬-°m-e-Øv- k-a-kv-X- tI-c-fo-b- A-c-b- a-lm-P-\-tbm-K-am-bn- h-f¿-∂p.-

1917˛¬- th-ep-°p-ń- A-c-b-≥ Xp-S-ßn-b-A-c-b-≥ F-∂- am-kn-I- ]n-∂o-Sv- ]-Xn-hm-c-]-X-am-bn.- A-c-b- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚- Pn-lz-bm-bn-cp-∂p- Cu- ]-kn-≤o-I-c-Ww.-

1922˛¬- A-t±-lw- A-c-b- kv-Xo-P-\- am-kn-I- B-cw-`n-®p.- kv-Xo-P-\-ß-fp-sS- D-∂-a-\-hpw- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚- e-£y-ß-fn¬-s∏-ń-cp-∂p.-

1920˛¬- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- cm-jv-So-b- a-lm-k-`- F-∂- Pm-Xn-a-X- \n-c-t]-£- kw-L-S-\-bv-°v- cq-]w- \¬-In-b-Xn¬- th-ep-°p- n- tUm-Iv-S¿- ap-Jy- ]-¶p-h-ln-®p.- ssh-°w- k-Xym-K-l-Øn-epw- A-t±-lw- `m-K-`-°m-bn.-

1924˛¬- ÿm-]n-X-am-b- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿-A-h¿-W- ln-µp-a-lm-k- -bp-sS- P-\-d¬- sk-I-´-dn-bm-bpw- th-ep-°p-ń- A-c-b-≥ ]-h¿-Øn-®p.-

tUm.-th-ep-°p-ń- A-c-b-s‚- ]-Y-a- tS-Uv- bq-Wn-b-≥ kw-cw-`-am-Wv- 1931˛¬- cq-]-h-Xv-Ir-X-am-b- A-Jn-e- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- \m-hn-I-sØm-gn-em-fn- kw-Lw.- tS-Uv- bq-Wn-b-≥cw-K-Øp-≈- ]-h¿-Ø-\w- A-t±-l-sØ- I-ayp-Wn-Ãv- ]m¿- n-bp-am-bn- A-Sp-∏n-°p-I-bpw- Xp-S¿-∂v- A-Xn¬- Aw-K-am-Ip-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.-

tUm.-th-ep-°p- n- A-c-b-≥ hn- m-h-\w- sN-bv-X- im-kv-Xo-b- ]-≤-Xn-I-fp-sS- t]-cn-epw-kv-a-c-Wo-b-\m-Wv.- 1952˛¬- A-t±-lw- Xn-cp-˛-sIm-®n- k¿-°m-cn-\p- k-a¿-∏n-®- Xo-c-tZ-i-]p-\¿- \n¿-am-W- ]-≤-Xn- (em-≥Uv- dn-Iv-f-ta-j-≥ kv-Iow-)- A-h-bn-sem-∂m-Wv.-

Xo-c-tZ-iw- hm-cn-I-bpw- I-em-tI-c-fw,- Nn-cn,- k-am-[m-\w- F-∂o- am-kn-I-I-fpw- A-t±-lw- B-cw-`n-®p.- km-ln-Xy-Øn-s‚- an-°-im-J-I-fn-epw- hn-l-cn-®v- \n-c-h-[n- an-I-®- Ir-Xn-I-fm¬- ssI-c-fn-sb- k-º-∂-am-°n-b- Cu-km-aq-ln-I- hn-π-h-Im-cn- 1969 sa-bv- 31˛-\v- A-¥-cn-®p.-

Sn.B¿.IrjvWkzmanAø¿ (1890˛1935)

Xn-cp-hn-ezm-a-e-bv-°-Sp-Øp-≈- ]-g-b-∂q¿-_m-“-W- Km-a-Øn¬- 1890˛¬- Sn.-B¿.-Ir-jv-W-kzm-an- A-ø¿- P-\n-®p.-

]-g-b-∂q-cn-se-bpw- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw- a-lm-cm-Pm-kv- tIm-tf-Pn-se-bpw- hn-Zym-`ym-k-Øn-\p-ti-jw- A-t±-lw- sN-ss∂- tem- tIm-tf-Pn¬- \n-b-aw- ]-Tn-®p.-

1923 sa-bv- c-≠n-\v- ]m-e-°m-Sv- Pn-√-bn-se- A-I-tØ-Ø-d-bn¬-\-S-∂- tIm-¨-K-kv-k-tΩ-f-\-Øn-\p-ti-jw- A-hn-sS- H-cp- an-i-t`m-P-\w- kw-L-Sn-∏n-®p.- C-°m-c-W-Øm¬-A-t±-l-Øn-\v- kz-k-ap-Zm-bw- `-jv-Sv- I¬-]n-®p.-

Xp-S¿-∂v- m-cy-tbm-Spw- a-°-tfm-Sp-sam-∏w-]-cn-k-c-]-tZ-i-Øp-X-s∂- l-cn-P-\- hn-Zym¿-Yn-Iƒ-°m-bn- i-_-cn- B-i-aw- ÿm-]n-®v- A-hn-sS- Xm-a-k-am-°n.-

Km-‘n-b-≥ ]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fm-b- l-cn-P-t\m-≤m-c-Ww,- ln-µn- ]-Nm-c-Ww,- Jm-Zn- ]-Nm-c-Ww,- A-bn-tØm-®m-S-\w- F-∂n-h-bn¬- A-t±-lw- k-Po-h-am-bn- ]-s¶-Sp-Øp.-

1925˛¬- Km-‘n-Pn- ssh-°w- k-Xym-K-l-k-a-b-Øv- A-hn-sS- k-µ¿-in-®-t∏mƒ- cm-P-tKm-]m-em-Nm-cn,- a-lm-tZ-hv- tZ-im-bn,- cmw-Zm-kv- Km-‘n- F-∂n-h¿-s°m-∏w- Ir-jv-W-kzm-an- A-ø-cpw- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.-

D-∏p- k-Xym-K-l-k-a-b-Øv- (1930)- sI.-tI-f-∏-≥ tIm-gn-t°m-Sp-\n-∂v- ]-ø-∂q¿-°v- D-∏p-k-Xym-K-l-Pm-Y- \-S-Øn-b-t∏mƒ- ]m-e-°m-Sp-\n-∂v- H-cp- kw-L-sØ- A-hn-tS-°v- \-bn-®-Xv- Ir-jv-W-kzm-an- A-ø-cm-bn-cp-∂p.- 1930sa-bv- 12˛-\v- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- I-S-∏p-d-Øv- D-∏p-\n-b-aw- ew-Ln-®- k-Xym-K-ln-I-sf- s]m-eo-kv- Iq-c-am-bn- a¿-±n-®p.- ap-l-Ω-Zv- A-_v-Zp- d-“m-≥ km-ln-∫v,- ]n.-Ir-jv-W-]n-≈,- B¿.-hn.-i¿-a,- sI.-am-[-h-≥ \m-b¿- F-∂n-h¿-s°m-∏w- Ir-jv-W-kzm-an- A-ø-cpw- I-Tn-\-X-S-hn-\p-in-£n-°-s∏-´p.- 1935˛¬- Ir-jv-W-kzm-an- A-

ø¿- A-¥-cn-®p.-

]WvUn‰v Idp∏≥(1885˛1938)

]-g-b- sIm-®o-cm-Py-Øv- F-d-Wm-Ip-f-Øv- tN-cm-\-√q-cn¬- 1885 sa-bv- 24\v- I-dp-∏-≥ P-\n-®p.-

]n-Xm-hv- ]m-∏p,- am-Xm-hv- sIm-®p-s]-Æv.-Pm-Xn-t -Z-Øn-s‚- A¿-∞-iq-\y-X- km-ln-

Xy-Øn-eq-sS- B-hn-jv-I-cn-®- tI-c-f-Øn-se-B-Zy-sØ- km-aq-ln-I- ]-cn-jv-I¿-Øm-hm-Wv-]-Wv-Un-‰v- I-dp-∏-≥.-

A-gn-°¬- th-ep- ssh-Zy-s‚-b-Sp-Øv- Hu-]-Nm-cn-I- hn-Zy-`ym-kw- B-cw-`n-®p.-

hn-Zym-tI-µ-sa-∂- \n-e-bn¬- A-°m-e-Øv-]-i-kv-X-am-bn-cp-∂- sIm-Sp-ß-√q-cn¬- ]-T-\w-\-S-Øn-b- Im-ew- ]-Wv-Un-‰v- I-dp-∏-s‚- Po-hn-X-Øn-se- kp-]-[m-\- L-´-am-Wv.-

\n-c-h-[n- hn-Zym-e-b-ß-fn¬- A-t±-lw- A-[ym-]-I-\m-bn- tk-h-\w- A-\p-jv-Tn-®p.-1925¬- I-dp-∏-s\- sIm-®n-≥ e-Pn-t…-‰o-hv- Iu-¨-kn-en-te-°v- \m-a-\n¿-t±-iw- sN-bv-Xp.-

I-dp-∏-s‚- i-a-^-e-am-bn- K-h-¨-sa-‚ v-A-[-:-ÿn-X-cp-sS- t£-a-Øn-\m-bn- ]p-Xn-b-h-Ip-∏n-\v- cq-]w- \¬-In.- I-dp-∏-≥ B- h-Ip-∏n-s‚- A-kn-Ã-‚ v- s]m-´-Iv-S-dm-bn- \n-b-an-X-\m-bn.-

A-kn-Ã-‚ v- s]m- -Iv-S¿- F-∂- \n-e-bn¬-I-dp-∏-≥ \n-c-h-[n- ]-cn-jv-Im-c-ßƒ-°v- Xp-S-°w- Ip-dn-®p.- A-[-:-ÿn-X¿-°n-S-bn-se- A-‘-hn-izm-kw- Zp-co-I-cn-°m-≥ B-Nm-c-`q-j-Ww- F-∂- Ir-Xn- c-Nn-®p.-

^n-j-do-kv- kv-Iq-fp-Iƒ- ÿm-]n-°m-\pw-I-dp-∏-≥ ap-≥ssI-sb-Sp-Øp.-

tI-c-f- en-¶-¨- F-∂m-Wv- ]-Wv-Un-‰v- I-dp-∏-s‚- A-]-c-\m-aw.-

1931˛¬- I-dp-∏-≥ sh¿-Wm-°p-e¿- F-Uyp-t°-j-s‚- kq-]-≠m-bn- \n-b-an-X-\m-bn.-1935˛¬- a-lm-cm-Pm-kv- tIm-tf-Pn¬- A-[ym-]-I-\m-bn.-

C-°m-e-b-f-hn¬- a-Zm-kv- k¿-h-I-em-im-e-bp-sS- t_m¿-Uv- Hm- v- F-Iv-km-an-t\-j-≥kv-sN-b¿-am-\m-bpw- F-d-Wm-Ip-fw- ap-\n-kn-∏¬-Iu- -kn¬- Aw-K-am-bpw- ]-h¿-Øn-®p.-

]-Wv-Un-‰v- I-dp-∏-\v- I-hn-Xn-e-I-≥ _-lp-a-Xn-\¬-In-b-Xv- sIm-®o-cm-Pm-hm-Wv.-

tI-c-f-h¿-a- h-en-b- tIm-bn-Ø-ºp-cm-≥ hn-Zzm-≥ _-lp-a-Xn- \¬-In.-

I-dp-∏-≥ A-[-:-ÿn-X-cp-sS- t£-a-Øn-\m-bn- ]-ÿm-\-ßƒ- cq-]-h-Xv-I-cn-®p.-

tX-h-c-bn¬- hm-e-k-ap-Zm-b- ]-cn-jv-Im-cn-Wn-k-`-bpw- sIm-Sp-ß-√q-cn-se- B-\m-∏p-g-bn¬- I-eym-W-Zm-bn-\n-k-`-bpw- ssh-°-Øv-hm-e- tk-hm-k-an-Xn-bpw- cq-]-h¬-°-cn-°m-≥ t\-Xr-Xzw- \¬-In.-C-S-s°m-®n-bn¬- ⁄m-t\m-Z-bw- k-`,- F-ß-≠n-bq-cn¬- A-c-b-hw-tim-≤m-c-Wo- a-lm-k-`,- Ip-º-f-Øv- k-∑m¿-K- ]-Zo-]-]-`,- ]-d-hq-cn¬- k-ap-Zm-b-tk-hn-\n- Xp-S-ßn-b-h-bpw- ÿm-]n-°m-≥ I-dp-∏-≥ap-≥ssI-sb-Sp-Øp.-

Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-epw- sIm-®n-bn-epw- a-e-_m-dn-epw- hn-hn-[- t]-cp-I-fn-epw- cq-]-Øn-epw-\-S-Øn-bn-cp-∂- k-ap-Zm-tbm-≤m-c-W- ]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ-°v- G-Io-Ir-X- cq-]-ap-≠m-°m-≥ b-Xv-\n-°p-I-bpw- A-c-b-hw-tim-≤m-c-Wn- F-∂- t]-cn-ep-≈- tI-µ-kw-L-S-\- cq-]-h-Xv-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬- ap-Jy-]-¶p- h-ln-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.-

sIm-®n-≥ ]p-e-b-a-lm-k-`-bp-sS- cq-]-h-Xv-I-c-W-Øn-\pw- I-dp-∏-≥ am¿-K-\n¿-t±-iw- ]-I¿-∂p.-

sIm-®n- ]p-e-b- a-lm-k- - D-Zv-Lm-S-\w- sN-ø-s∏-´-Xv- 1913 sa-bv- 25\m-Wv- .- F-d-Wm-Ip-fw- sk-‚ v- B¬-_¿-Sv-kv- ssl-kv-Iq-fm-bn-cp-∂p- th-Zn.- Cu- tbm-K-Øn¬- A-[y-£-X-h-ln-®-Xv- ]-ap-J- F-gp-Øp-Im-c-\m-b- Sn.-sI.-Ir-jv-W-ta-t\m-≥ B-bn-cp-∂p.-

Ir-jv-Wm-Xn- B-im-≥ kw-L-S-\-bp-sS- ]-kn-U-‚pw- ]n.-kn.-Nm-©-≥ sk-I-´-dn-bp-am-bn.- 1926˛¬- Nm-©-≥ sIm-®n- \n-b-a-k-`-bn-te-°v- \m-a-\n¿-t±-iw- sN-ø-s∏-´p.-

]pebcpsS hnZym`ymk \nehmcwDb¿Øp∂Xn\pw A-\m-Nm-c-ßƒ- Xp-S-®p-\o-°p-∂-Xn-\pw- km-º-Øn-I- D-∂-a-\w- ssI-h-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\pw- ]p-e-b- a-lm-k-`- Du-∂¬-\¬-In.-

πq-dn-kn- F-∂- A-kp-Jw- Im-c-Ww- 1938am¿-®v- 23\v- I-dp-∏-≥ A-¥-cn-®p.-

k-a-Im-en-I- Pm-Xn- hy-h-ÿ-sb- hn-a¿-in-®p-sIm-≠v- ]-Wv-Un-‰v- I-dp-∏-≥ c-Nn-®- Ir-Xn-bm-Wv- Pm-Xn-Ip-Ωn.-

a-Zm-kv- K-h¿-W-dp-sS- _-lp-am-\m¿-Yw-sIm-®o-cm-Pm-hv- kw-L-Sn-∏n-®- D-Zym-\- hn-cp-∂n¬- A-h-K-Wn-°-s∏- -Xn¬- a-\w-s\m-¥v- c-Nn-®-Xm-Wv- D-Zym-\-hn-cp-∂v.-

N- -ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ- k-am-[n-bm-b-t∏mƒ- A-\p-tim-Nn-®p-sIm-≠v- c-Nn-®-Xm-Wv- k-am-[n-k-¶¬-]w.-

I-dp-∏-s‚- a-s‰m-cp- ]-i-kv-X- c-N-\-bm-Wv- _m-em-I-te-iw.- 1919˛¬- sIm-®n- a-lm-cm-Pm-hn-s‚- j-jv-Sn- ]q¿-Øn-tbm-S-\p-_-‘n-

®m-Wv- C-Xv- c-Nn-®-Xv.-

ip`m\µKpcptZh≥(1882˛1950)

A-kv-]r-iy-X-bp-sS-bpw- A-Sn-a-Ø-Øn-s‚-bpw- Zp- zm-[o-\-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- A-[-:-ÿn-X- hn-`m-K-ß-sf- tam-Nn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\pw- ssZ-h-Øn-s‚- k¿-h-kr-jv-Sn-I-fpw- k-a-am-sW-∂- X-Øzw- km-[m-c-W- P-\-ßƒ-°n-S-bn¬- ]-N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\pw- ]-cn-i-an-®- k-∂ym-kn-h-cy-\m-Wv- ip-`m-\-µ-Kp-cp-tZ-h-≥.-

1882 G-]n¬- 28\v- _p-[-\q¿- hn-t√-Pn¬-kmw-_-h- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn¬- C-ým-Øn-bp-sS-bpw- sIm-®p-\o-en-bp-sS-bpw- a-I-\m-bn- P-\n-®- ]m-∏-≥Ip-ń-bm-Wv- ]n¬-°m-e-Øv- ip-`m-\-µ-Kp-cp-tZ-h-\m-bn- am-dn-b-Xv.-

1927sa-bv- am-k-Øn¬- 480 A-\p-bm-bn-I-fp-am-bn- am-th-en-°-c-bn¬-\n-∂v- in-h--Kn-cn-bn-te-°v- ip-`m-\-µ-Kp-cp-tZ-h-≥ Xo¿-Ym-S-\-Pm-Y- \-S-Øn.-

1930˛¬- B-ep-Ωq-ń¬- F.-sI.-tKm-hn-µ-Zm-kn-s‚- c-£m-[n-Im-c-Xz-Øn¬-\-S-∂- a-X-a-lm-k-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬- ip-`m-\-µ-Kp-cp-tZ-h-≥]-s¶-Sp-Øp.-

1934˛¬- tI-c-f- k-µ¿-i-\-Øn-s\-Øn-b-Km-‘n-Pn-sb- am-th-en-°-c-bn¬- kzo-I-cn-®-Xv- ip-`m-\-µ-Kp-cp-tZ-h-\m-Wv.- ip-`m-\-µ-Kp-cp-tZ-h-s‚- l-cn-P-t\m-≤m-c-W- ]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fn¬- a-Xn-∏v- tXm-∂n-b- Km-‘n-Pn- A-Xn-\p-≈- ]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fn¬- X-s‚- ]n-¥p-W- ]-Jym-]n-°p-I-bpw- km-º-Øn-I-am-b- k-lm-b-ßƒ-°v- I-ao-I-c-W-ta¿-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.-

bm-X-\- A-\p-`-hn-°p-∂- hn-`m-K-ß-fp-sS-]-iv-\-ßƒ- cm-Pm-hn-s‚- i-≤-bn¬-s∏-Sp-Øp-I- F-∂- e-£y-hp-am-bn- 1934˛¬- a-lm-cm-Pm-hn-s\-°m-Wm-≥ A-\p-bm-bn-Iƒ-s°m-∏w- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-sØ-Øn-b- ip- m-\-µ-Kp-cp-tZ-h-\v- ap-d-P-]-°m-e-am-b-Xn-\m¬- sIm- m-c-Øn¬-]-th-in-°m-≥ A-\p-a-Xn- \n-tj-[n-®p.- F-∂m¬,- cm-Pm-hn-s\- Im-Wm-sX- Xn-cn-sI-t∏m-In-√- F-∂- \n-e-]m-Sn¬- ip-`m-\-µ-Kp-cp-tZ-h-≥ D-d-®p-\n-∂p.- Xp-S¿-∂v- cm-Pm-hv- A-\p-a-Xn-\¬-Ip-I-bpw- ip- m-\-µ-Kp-cp-tZ-h-≥ X-s‚- Zu-Xyw- ]q¿-Øn-bm-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.-

A-‘-hn-izm-k-ßƒ-°pw- A-\m-Nm-c-ßƒ-°pw- F-Xn-sc- t]m-cm-Sp-∂-Xn-\v- ip-`m-\-µ-Kp-cp-tZ-h-≥ 1932˛¬- B-fl-t_m-t[m-Z-b-kw-Lw- cq-]-h-Xv-I-cn-®p.-

t£-X-]-th-i-\w- A-\p-h-Zn-°-W-sa-∂m-h-iy-s∏- p-sIm-≠v- ip- m-\-µ-Kp-cp-tZ-h-≥ A-\p-bm-bn-Iƒ-s°m-∏w- ]-Z-bm-X-bm-bn- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-sØ-Øn- 1935 \-hw-_¿- ]-Øn-\v- a-lm-cm-Pm-hn-\v- \n-th-Z-\w- k-a¿-∏n-®p.-1950˛¬- ip- m-\-µ-Kp-cp-tZ-h-≥ k-am-[n-bm-bn.-

Ipdq¿ \oeIWvT≥\ºqXncn∏mSv (1896˛1981)

Xr-»q¿- Pn-√-bn-se- A-Sm-Sv- Km-a-Øn-se-Ip-dq¿- a-\-bv-°¬- A-jv-S-aq¿-Øn- \-ºq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sn-s‚-bpw- D-am- A-¥¿-P-\-Øn-s‚-bpw-a-I-\m-bn- 1896 s^-_p-h-cn- B-dn-\v- Ip-dq¿-\o-e-I-Wv-T-≥ \-ºq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sv- P-\n-®p.- Ip-dq-

2014 \hw_¿- 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 11

cn-s‚- k-tlm-Z-c-\m-b- Zm-tam-Z-c-≥ \-ºq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sv- tbm-K-t£-a-k-`-bp-sS- ÿm-]-I-cn-sem-cm-fm-Wv.- Xr-»q¿- _-“-kzw- a-T-Øn¬-E-tKz-Z-]-T-\-am-cw- n-®- Ip-dq¿- G-gp-h¿-jw- th-Z-]-T-\w- Xp-S¿-∂p.- th-Z-]-T-\w- I-gn-™v- Cw-•o-jv- ]-Tn-°m-≥ Xp-S-ßn.- 1918˛¬- ]m-e-°m-s´- \q-d-Wn- ssl-kv-Iq-fn¬- tN¿-∂- A-t±-l-Øn-\v- kv-Iqƒ- ss^-\¬- ]-co-£-sb-gp-Xm-≥ I-gn-™n-√.- A-t∏m-tg-°pw a-lm-flm-Km-‘n-bn¬- B-Ir-jv-S-\m-bn-°-gn-™n-cp-∂-A-t±-lw- 1920 ˛¬- \n- -l-I-c-W- ]-ÿm-\-Ø¬- tN¿-∂-tXm-sS-bm-Wv- ]-T-\w- ]m-Xn-h-gn-bn¬- \n-∂p-t]m-b-Xv.- Xp-S¿-∂p-≈- A-c-\q-‰m-≠p-Im-ew- Ip-dq¿- km-aq-ln-I- cm-jv-So-b- cw-K-ß-fn¬- k-Po-h-am-bn.- tZ-io-b- ]-ÿm-\-Øn-se- ]-ap-J- t\-Xm-°-fp-am-bn- kp-Zr-V-am-bn- hy-‡n-_-‘w- A-t±-lw- ]p-e¿-

Øn-bn-cp-∂p.-tem-I-am-\y-≥ F-∂- ]-X-Øn-se- te-J-

\-ß-fn¬- A-[n-Ir-X¿- cm-Py-tZm-lw- I-s≠-Øn-b-Xn-s‚- t]-cn¬- 1921˛¬- Ip-dq¿- B-Zy-am-bn- X-S-h-\p- -hn-®p.- B-dp-am-k-sØ- in-£-I-gn-™v- ho-´n¬- Xn-cn-sI-sb-Øn-b- A-t±-l-Øn-\v,- an-i-t`m-P-\w- \-S-Øn-b-Xn-s‚- t]-cn¬,- k-ap-Zm-bw- `-jv-Sv- I¬-]n-®p.- 1923˛¬-B-cw-`n-®- am-Xr-`q-an-bp-sS- ]n-‚¿- B-‚ v- ]-ªn-j¿- B-bn- B-Po-h-\m-¥-Im-ew- Ip-dq¿-]-h¿-Øn-®p.-

1924˛-25 se- ssh-°w- k-Xym-K-l- k-a-c-Øn-s‚- hn-i-Zmw-i-ßƒ- Km-‘n-Pn-bp-am-bn- N¿-®-sN-øm-≥ Sn.-sI.-am-[-h-s\m-∏w- Ip-dq-cpw- t]m-bn.- ssh-°w- k-Xym-K-l- k-a-c-hp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-´v- A-t±-l-Øn-\v- c-≠p-am-k-sØ- X-S-hp-in-£- e-`n-®p.- Kp-cp-hm-bp¿- k-Xym-K-l-Øn-epw- Ip-dq¿- k-Po-h-km-∂n-[y-am-bn-cp-∂p.- tIm- -K-kn-s‚- kw-ÿm-\-˛-tZ-io-b- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-te-°p-b¿-∂-Ip-dq¿- \n-c-h-[n- X-h-W- sI.-]n.-kn.-kn.- sk-I-´-dn-bm-hp-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- 1931˛-em-Wv- Ip-dq¿- hn-hm-ln-X-\m-b-Xv.- sX-t°-Ip-dp-∏-sØ-Sn.-kn.-sIm-®p-Ip- n-b-Ω-bm-bn-cp-∂p- h-[p.- ]n-∂o-Sv- F-°m-e-hpw- Ip-dq-cn-s‚- ]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ-°v- A-h¿- D-d-®-]n-¥p-W- ]-I¿-∂n-cp-∂p.-

1930˛-se- D-∏p-k-Xym-K-l-k-a-b-Øv- Ip-dq¿- Iq-c-a¿-±-\-Øn-\n-c-bm-bn.- G-gp-am-kw- I-Æq¿- P-bn-en¬- X-S-h-\p-`-hn-®- A-t±-l-Øn-\v- A-hn-sS-bpw- sIm-Sn-b- a¿-±-\-ta-‰p.- C-Xv-Ip-dq-cn-s‚- tIƒ-hn-i-‡n-sb-bpw- _m-[n-®p.-\n-b-a-ew-L-\- ]-ÿm-\-Øn-se- ]-¶m-fn-Ø-Øn-\pw- A-t±-lw- P-bn-en¬- t]m-bn.- 1932˛-\p-ti-jw- H-cp- Z-i-I-tØm-fw- A-t±-lw- k-Po-h- cm-jv-So-b-Øn¬-\n-∂v- hn-´p-\n¬-°p-I-

bp-≠m-bn.- 1945˛¬- ho-≠pw- k-Po-h- cm-jv-So-b-Øn-se-Øn-b- A-t±-lw- A-s°m-√w- Xr-»q-cn¬-tN¿-∂- sIm-®o- cm-Py-]-Pm-a-Wv-U-e-Øn-s‚- hm¿-jn-I- tbm-K-Øn¬- kzm-K-X-kw-Lm-[y-£-\m-bn- ]-h¿-Øn-®p.- cm-Py-]-Pm-a-Wv-U-e-Øn-s‚- ]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fn¬- \n¿-Wm-b-I- ]-¶p-h-ln-®- A-t±-lw- ]n¬-°m-e-Øv-tI-c-f- \n-b-a-k- -bn¬- Aw-K-am-Ip-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- Jm-Zn-]-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚- ]-Nm-c-W-Øn-\pw- Ip-dq¿- A-im-¥-]-cn-i-a-Øn-te¿-s∏- p.-Ip-dq-cn-s‚- i-a- -e-am-bn- m-Wv- Xr-»q-cn¬- P-hm-l¿- _m-e-`-h-≥ cq-]w-sIm-≠-Xv.- Xr-»q-cn-se-Øp-∂- A-Jn-te-¥y-t\-Xm-°ƒ-°v- Ip-dq-cn-s‚- `-h-\w- ]-e-t∏m-gpw- B-Xn-tY-b-Xzw-]-I¿-∂p.- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-se-bpw- sIm-®n-bn-se-bpw- cm-jv-So-b- ]-h¿-Ø-I¿- a-e-_m-dn-se- k-a-c-tI-µ-ß-fn-te-°v- t]m-Ip-tºmƒ,-Ip-dq¿-a-\-bp-sS- h-I-bm-bn- Xr-»q-cn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂- `-c-Xo-`q-j-Ww- F-∂- ho-Spw- H-cp- C-S-Øm-h-fw-t]m-se- ]-h¿-Øn-®p.-

1981 Hm-K-Ãv- 31˛-\v- Ip-dq¿- A-¥-cn-®p.-

]n-.sI.- Nm-Ø-≥ amÃ¿(1920˛1988)

C-cn-ßm-e-°p-S-bv-°-Sp-Øv- am-Sm-bn-t°m-W-Øv- ]p-e-b-k-ap-Zm-b-Øn¬- 1920˛-em-Wv-]n.-sI.- Nm-Ø-≥ am-Ã¿- P-\n-®-Xv.- C-cn-ßm-e-°p-S-bn¬- ssl-kv-Iqƒ- ]-T-\w- I-gn-™v-F-d-Wm-Ip-fw- a-lm-cm-Pm-kn¬- tN¿-s∂-¶n-epw- tIm-tf-Pv- hn-Zym- ym-kw- ]q¿-Øn-bm-°m-≥ I-gn-™n-√.- Ip-d-®p-Im-ew- ss]-a-dn- kv-Iqƒ- A-[ym-]-I-\m-bn- tk-h-\-a-\p-jv-Tn-®-A-t±-lw- am-Ã¿- F-∂- A-]-c-\m-a-Øn-e-dn-b-s∏-´p.- ]n-∂o-Sv- Nm-Ø-≥ am-Ã¿- I¿-j-I-

sØm-gn-em-fn-bm-b- Z-fn-X-sc- kw-L-Sn-∏n-®v- k-a-kv-X- sIm-®n- ]p-e-b-a-lm-k-`- kw-L-Sn-∏n-®p.- I-ayq-Wn-kv-‰v- t\-Xm-°-fm-b- ]n.- sI.- Ip-am-c-s‚-bpw- sI.-hn.-sI.- hm-cy-cp-sS-bpw- kzm-[o-\-am-Wv- A-t±-l-sØ- I-ayq-Wn-kv-‰v- ]-£-Øn-se-Øn-®-Xv.- Iq-S¬-am-Wn-Iy-t£-X- \n-c-Øp- Xp-d-∂p-In-´m-\p-≈- ]-t£m-`-Øn-epw-]m-en-bw- k-Xy-K-l-Øn-epw- B-th-i-tØm-sS- ]-s¶-Sp-Ø- Nm-Ø-≥ 1954¬- Xn-cp-˛-sIm-®n- \n-b-a-k-`mw-K-am-bn.- 1957¬- Nm-e-°p-Sn-bn¬-\n-∂v- hn-P-bn-®- A-t±-lw- ]-Y-a- C.-Fw.-F-kv.-a-¥n-k-`-bn¬ l-cn-P-\-t£-aw-˛-X-t±-i-kz-bw-`-c-W- h-Ip-∏p-I-fp-sS- a-¥n-bm-bn.-1970˛-se- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏n¬- In-fn-am-\q-cn-se-]-Xn-\n-[m-\w- sN-bv-Xv- \n-b-a-k-`mw-K-am-b-A-t±-lw- 1977˛-se- Xn-c-s™-Sp-∏n-epw- hn-P-bn-®p.- 1988 G-]n¬- 22˛-\v- A-¥-cn-®p.-

hnhn[ Pn√-I-fn¬ hnhn[ hIp-∏p-I-fn¬ ssUh¿ tKUv II (HDV) (X-kvXn-I-am‰w hgn-bp≈ \nb-a-\w) XkvXn-I-bpsS Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n\m-bn 15˛03˛2014˛mw Xob-Xn-bn¬ ]kn-≤o-I-cn® Kk-‰n¬ Im‰-Kdn \º¿ 19/2014 Bbn tN¿Øn-´p≈ hn⁄m-]-\-Ønse7˛masØ JWvUn-I-bnse tbmK-y-X-Iƒ°p Xmsg-bp≈ 5˛masØ Ipdn-∏n¬ At]£\¬tI≠ Ah-km\ Xob-Xn-bnepw ]m-tbm-KnI ]co-£, C‚¿hyq XpSßn sXc-s™-Sp-∏ns‚ F√m L -ß-fnepw DtZ-ym-Km¿∞n-I-ƒ°v \ne-hn-ep≈ ssUhnwKv ssek≥kvD≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww F∂Xv At]£ \¬tI≠ Ah-km\ Xob-Xn-bnepw, H.Fw.-B¿/FgpØp ]co-£, ]mtbm-KnI ]co-£, C‚¿hyq XpSßn sXc-s™-Sp-∏n-s‚ F√m L -ß-fnepw DtZ-ym-Km¿∞n-Iƒ°v \ne-hn-ep≈ ssUhnwKv ssek≥kv D≠m-bn-cn-°-WwF∂v t`Z-KXn hcp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.hn⁄m-]-\-Ønse a‰v hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ°v am‰-an-√.

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31˛08˛2013 Xob-Xn-bnse tIcf Kk-‰n¬ Im‰-Kdn \º¿ 271/2013 Bbn hn⁄m-]-\w sNbvXn-cp∂ kmt¶-XnI hnZ-ym- -ymk hIp-∏nse t]mfn-sS-Iv\n-°p-I-fn¬ eIvN-d¿C≥ tImtagvkv (SR for ST only) XkvXn-I-bntebv°v At]-£n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]mb-]-cn[n 18˛41 Bbn-cp-∂p. 23˛10˛2013 se GO(P) No. 658/2013/H.Edn \º¿ DØ-chv]Imcw Sn XkvXn-I-bpsS Db¿∂ ]mb-]-cn[n 3 (aq-∂v) h¿jw Db¿Øn-bn- p-≈-Xn-\m¬ Sn hn⁄m-]-\-Ønse 6 mw JWvUnI ]mb ]cn[n 18˛44, DtZ-ym-Km¿∞n-Iƒ02˛01˛1969 \pw 01˛01˛1995 \pw CS-bn¬ P\n-®-h-cm-bn-cn-°Ww (c≠v Xob-Xn-Ifpw Dƒs∏sS)F∂v XncpØn hmbn-t°≠-Xm-Wv.

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31˛08˛2013 Xob-Xn-bnse Kk‰v hn⁄m-]\ ]Imcw ]mb-]-cn[n Ign™p F∂Imc-W-Øm¬ At]£ ka¿∏n-°m≥ Ign-bmsX t]mb 02˛01˛1969 \pw 01˛01˛1972 \pwCS-bn¬ P\n® (c≠v Xob-Xn-Ifpw Dƒs∏sS) DtZym-Km¿∞n-I-ƒ°v th≠n amXw D≈-XmWv Cu hn⁄m-]\w. 31˛08˛2013 se hn⁄m-]\ ]Imcw A¿l-cm-bn-cp-∂n´pw At]-£n-°m-Xn-cp-∂-h¿°pw, Hcn-°¬ At]£ ka¿∏n-®n-cp-∂-h¿°pw Cu hn⁄m-]\]Imcw At]-£n-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-X-√.

Cu hn⁄m-]\ ]Imcw At]£ kzo-I-cn-°p∂ Ah-km\ XobXn 26˛11˛2014 _p[-\mgvN A¿≤-cmXn 12 aWn-hsc. Sn hn⁄m-]-\-Ønse a‰v hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ°v am‰an√.

hnZ-ym`ym-k- h-Ip-∏n¬- bp.-]n.-kv-Iqƒ- A-kn-Ã-‚ v- (a-e-bm-fw- ao-Un-bw-)- (]- n-I-h¿-§-°m-cn¬- \n-∂p- am-Xw-)- X-kv-Xn-I-bn-te-°v- sIm-√w,- h-b-\m-Sv- Im-k¿-tKm-Uv- F-∂o- Pn-√-Iƒ-°p-th-≠n-bp-≈- hn-⁄m-]-\w- 300/-2014 Im-‰-K-dn- \-º-cm-bn- 13 -06 -2014 Xo-b-Xn-bn-se- K-k-‰n¬- ]-kn-≤o-I-cn--®n-cp-∂p.

28-˛04-˛2014 se Pn.-H.(]n)\º¿ 11/14/ P & ARD ]Imcw-Im-k¿-tKm-Uv- Pn-√-bn-se- tlm-kv-Zp¿-Kv,- Im-k¿-tKm-Uv- F-∂o-Xm-eq-°p-I-fn-se- a-dm-Øn- k-ap-Zm-b-°m-sc- k¿-°m¿- ]- n-I-h¿-§- hn- m-K-Øn¬- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øn- D-Ø-c-hm-bn- p-≠v.-

A-Xn-≥ ]-Im-cw- Sn- X-kv-Xn-I-b-n-te°v MARATI kap-Zm-b-Øn¬-s∏-Sp-∂- D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-Iƒ-°v- A-t]-£- k-a¿-∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.- hn-⁄m-]-\-Øn-se- a-‰p- hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ-°v- am-‰-an-√.-

A-t]-£- kzo-I-cn-°p-∂- k-a-b-]-cn-[n- 26 -11 -2014 _p-[-\m-gv-N- A¿-≤-cm-Xn- 12 a-Wn-h-sc.-

Xncp-Ø¬ hn⁄m-]\w Iq´nt®¿°¬ hn⁄m-]\w

12 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2014 \hw_¿- 1

tIcf \thm-∞m-\w

1.- "tIcf en-¶¨'- F∂dn-bs∏´Xv-F)- sI.-Zm-tam-Zc≥-_n) t__n- tPm -kn)- Fw.-F≥.-tKm-hn-µ≥-\m-b¿-Un)- ]fin-‰v- Idp-∏≥

2.- sNdp-∏-Im-e-Øv- "-Ip-am-c-≥'- F-∂- t]-cn¬-A-dn-b-s∏-´Xv?-(F)- tUm.- ]¬-∏p-(_n)- Aø¶m-fn-(kn)- s]m-bv-Ibn¬- tbm-l∂m≥-(Un)- BKam-\µ≥-

3.- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿,- sIm-®n,- a-e-_m¿- ]-tZ-i-ß-fn-se- ap-…o-ß-fp-sS- sF-Iyw- hn-`m-h-\w- sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≠v- "-ap-…nw- sF-Iy-kw-Lw-'- ÿm-]n-®-Xm-cv?-(F)- h°w- au-ehn-(_n)- sI.-Fw.-ko-Xn-(kn)- ap-lΩZv- A–p-dlv-am≥-(Un)- Xßƒ-Ip-™v- ap-keym¿-

4.- tIcfØn-se- "-km-£-c-X-bp-sS- ]n-Xm-hv-'-F-∂-dn-b-s∏Sp-∂Xv:(F)- N´ºn- kzm-an-Iƒ-

(_n)- Ipam-c\m-im-≥-(kn)- Ip-cym-t°m-kv- Gen-bm-kv- Nm-hd(Un)- a∂Øv- ]fl\m-`≥-

5.- "Xn-cp-hn-Xm-w-Iq¿- Cughk`'-bp-sS ÿm-]I≥-:(F)- Ipam-c\m-im-≥-(_n)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-(kn)- tUm.- ]¬∏p- (Un)- Sn.-sI.-am-[h≥-

6.- GXp-h¿-jam-Wv - ssX°m-S v - AøA¥cn-®Xv?-(F)- 1909 (_n)- 1924(kn)- 1928- (Un)- 1932

7.- BeØq-cn¬- kn-≤m-iaw- ÿm-]n-®Xm-cv?-(F)- hm-Kv-`Sm-\µ≥--(_n)- BKam-\µ≥-(kn)- _“m-\µ in-htbm-Kn-(Un)- ssX°m-Sv- Aø

8.- Ip-ºfsØ "k∑m¿-K ]Zo-]k`'-bv-°v-c£m-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp-∂Xv-:(F)- Ipam-c\m-im≥-(_n)- BeØq¿- in-htbm-Kn-(kn)- ]fin-‰v- Idp-∏≥-(Un)- hn-.-Sn.-`´Xn-cn-∏m-Sv-

9.- GXv- h¿-jam-Wv- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-c≠mw- ]m-hiyw- io-e¶ kµ¿-in-®Xv?-(F)- 1926 (_n)- 1927(kn)- 1928 (Un)- 1928

10.- "]∑\ Biaw'- Bcp-am-bn- _‘s∏ń-cn-°p-∂p?-(F)- BKam-\µ≥-(_n)- ssX°m-Sv- Aø(kn)- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ-(Un)- hm-Kv-`Sm-\µ≥-

II

1.- Cw-•ojp-Im-cp-sS cWsØ "sh¨-\o-N≥'- F∂pw- Xn -cp -hn -Xm-w -Iqdn -se`cWsØ" A\¥]p-cn-bn-se \o-N≥'-F∂pw- hn-tijn-∏n-®Xm-cv?--F)- io-\m-cm-bWKpcp-

- _n)- ssX°m-Sv- Aøkn)- Aøm- sshIp-Wv-T¿-Un)- Aø¶m-fn-

2.- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-hn-s‚ BZy-sØk\ym-kin-jy≥?-F)- in-henw-KZm-k kzm-an-Iƒ-

- _n)- t_m-[m-\µ kzm-an-Iƒ-kn)- B\µXo¿-Y kzm-an-Iƒ-Un)- kXym-\µ kzm-an-Iƒ-

3.- Bcp-sS D]tZi]Im-cam-Wv- 1924G]n¬- H∂n-\v- ssh°w- kXym-Klw-Xm¬-°m-en-Iam-bn- \n¿-Øn-h®Xv?-F)- io-\m-cm-bWKpcp-

- _n)- alm-flm-Km-‘n-kn)- Sn.-sI.am-[h≥-Un)- hnt\m-_m- `m-sh

4.- "Z¿-i\am-e'-bp-sS I¿-Øm-hv-:F)- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ-

- _n)- ssX°m-Sv- Aøkn)- BeØq¿- in-htbm-Kn-Un)- io-\m-cm-bWKpcp-

5.- cho-µ\m-Yv- Sm-tKm-dn-\v- BZcw- A¿-∏n-®p-sIm-≠v- "Zn-hy-tIm-In-ew'- F∂ Ihn-X cNn-®Xm-cv?-F)- io-\m-cm-bWKpcp-

- _n)- tUm.- ]¬-∏p-kn)- Ip-am-c\m-im≥-Un)- ]fin-‰v- Idp-∏≥-

6.- N´ºn-kzm-an-Ifp-sS \n-cym-WØn¬-A\p-tim-Nn-®p-sIm-≠v- "kam-[n-k¶¬-]w'- F∂ Ir-Xn- cNn-®Xm-cv?-F)- Aø¶m-fn-

- _n)- io-\m-cm-bWKpcp-kn)- ]fin-‰v- Idp-∏≥Un)- -Ip-am-c\m-im≥-

7.- aebm-f-I-hn-X-bn¬- Im¬-∏-\n-I-h-k-¥-Øn-\v- Xp-S-°w- Ip-dn-®- Ir-Xn-:(F)- ho-W]q-hv- (_n)- Icp-W(kn)- eo-e (Un)- caW≥-

8.- io-\m-c-m-bW-Kp-cp-hn-s‚- Po-hn-Xw- ]-ta-b-am-b- "-Kp-cp-'- F-∂- t\m-h¬- c-Nn-®-Xm-c-v?-(F)- sI.-kp-tcµ≥-

(_n)- B¿.-kp-Ipam-c≥-(kn)- H.-hn.-hn-Pb≥-(Un)- Icp-Wm-IcKp-cp

9.- ]ISam-b _p≤aX kzm-[o-\w- ]p-e¿-Øp-∂ aebm-fIhn-:(F)- Nßºp-g (_n)- Ip-am-c\m-im≥-(kn)- h≈tØmƒ- (Un)- D≈q¿-

10.- Bcp-am-bn- tN¿-∂m-Wv- a∂Øv- ]fl\m-`≥- "ln-µp-alm-afiew'- ÿm-]n-®Xv?-(F)- kn.-tIih≥- (_n)- B¿.-i¶¿-

(kn)- ]´w- Xm-Wp-]n-≈(Un)- ]\ºn-≈n- tKm-hn-µtat\m≥

DØcw-

1.- (kn)- Aøm- sshIp-Wv-T¿-* 1837¬- kzm-Xn- Xn-cp-\mƒ- alm-cm-Pm-hn-s‚ `cWIm-eØv- sshIp-Wv-Tkzm-an-Isf AdÃp-sNbv-Xv- Xncp-h\¥]p-cØv- in-¶m-ctØm-∏v- Pbn-en¬- ]m¿-∏n-®p.-

2.- (F)- in-henw-KZm-k kzm-an-Iƒ-* Ct±lØn-s‚ bYm¿-Yt]cv- Ip-©p-Aø∏≥-]n-≈

3.- (_n)- alm-flm-Km-‘n-* 1924 G]n¬- Ggn\v- kXym-Klw- ho-≠pw- XpSßn.--

4.- (Un)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-* AssZz-XthZm-¥ XØz-ßƒ- hfschy-‡am-bn- Bhn-jv-Icn-®ncn-°p-∂ Ir-Xn-bm-Wv- Z¿-i\ame.-

5.- (kn)- Ip-am-c\m-im≥-* 1922¬- Sm-tKm¿- in-h-Kn-cn- k-µ¿-in-®-t∏mƒ- io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hp-am-bn- \-S-Øn-b- kw-`m-j-Ww- X-Xv-k-a-bw- ]-cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv- Ip-am-c-\m-im-\-m-Wv.-

6.- (kn)- ]fin-‰v- Idp-∏≥-7.- (F)- ho-W]q-hv-

* Hcp- ]q-hn-s‚ P\\w-ap-X¬- Ahkm-\w- hscbp-≈ Im-cy-ßfn-eq-sS a\p-jy-Po-hn-XØn-s‚ ss\an-jn-IXsbbm-Wv-ho-W]q-hn¬- Bim≥- Bhn-jv-Icn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv.-

8.- (F).- sI.-kp-tcµ≥-* io-\m-cm-bWKpcp-hn-s‚ Po-hn-XØn-s‚ Ne®n-Xm-hn-jv-Im-cam-b "bp-K]p-cp-j≥'- kw-hn-[m-\w- sNbv-XXv- B¿-.-kp-Ip-am-c≥.- Cu- kn-\n-abn¬- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-hn-s‚ thjw- sNbv-XXv- Xan-gv-\S≥- Xssehm-k¬- hn-Pbv.-

9.- (_n)- Ipam-c\m-im≥-* _p-≤aXm¿-[m-[n-jv-Tn-Xam-b Bim-s‚cN\Ifm-Wv- Nfim-e`n-£p-In-bpw- (1922)-Icp-Wbpw- (1923).- hm-khZØ F∂ hm-ckp-µcn-°v- _p-≤in-jy-\m-b D]Kp-]v-Xt\m-Sv- tXm-∂p-∂ Bk‡n-bm-Wv- Icp-Wbn-se ]tabw.- am-Xw-Kn- F∂ Nfim-e bp-hXn-°v- _p-≤in-jy-\m-b B\µ`n-£p-hn-t\m-Sv- tXm-∂p-∂ A`n-\n-thiam-Wv- Nfim-e`n-£p-In-bn-se ]tabw.-

10.- (_n)- B¿-.-i¶¿-Fkv-F≥-Un-]n- km-cYn-bpw- tIm¨-Kkv- t\Xm-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p- B¿.-i¶¿.-

III

1.- Ah¿-Wkap-Zm-bßfp-sS D∂a\Øn-\m -bn - A°q-´Øn¬-Øs∂bp-≈Bflo-b]cn-thjap-≈ Hcm-sf ap≥-\n¿-Øn- ]h¿-Øn-°m≥- tUm.- ]¬-∏p-hn-s\ D]tZin-®Xm-cv?-

I

tIcf \thm-∞m-\w-

DØcw-

1.- (Un)- ]fin-‰v- Idp-∏≥-* tI-c-f- am¿-Iv-kv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´- sI.-Zm-tam-Z-c-≥ tI-c-f-Øn-se- I-ayq-Wn-Ãv- ]-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚- B-Zy-Im-e- km-c-Yn-I-fn-sem-cm-fm-Wv.-* tIcf In-knw-P¿- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´-Xv- d-h-eyq-j-W-dn- tkm-jy-en-Ãv- ]m¿-Sn- t\-Xm-hm-bn-cp-∂- t_-_n- tPm-¨- B-Wv.-cm-„o-b- ]-iv-\-ßƒ- k-a-hm-b-Øn-se-Øn-°m-≥ A-t±-lw- ]p-e¿-Øn-b- \-b-X-¥-⁄-X-bm-Wv- Cu- A-]-c-\m-a-Øn-\¿-l-\m-°n-b-Xv.- k-am-[m-\- s\m-t_-en-\¿-l-\m-bn- A-ta-cn-°-≥ \-b-X-¥-⁄-\m-bn-cp-∂p- sl≥dn- Inw-knw-P¿.-* tIcf Iq-jv-tjhv- F∂dn-bs∏´ Fw.-F≥.-tKmhn-µ≥- \m-b¿,- tIcfØn¬-Iayq-Wn-Ãv- ]m¿-Sn- 1957¬- A[n-Im-cØn¬- h∂t∏mƒ- ]m¿-Sn-bp-sS kw-ÿm-\ skI´dn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- Iayq-Wn-kv-‰v- ]m¿-Sn- 1964¬- kn-]n-Fw,- ]n-sFF∂n-ßs\ c≠m-bn- ]n-f¿-∂t∏mƒ- kn-]n-Fw- tIcf LSIsØ CFw-Fkpw-kn -]n -sF tIcf LSIsØ Fw-F∂pw- BWv- \bn-®Xv.- kn.-ANyp-Xtat\m-s‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep-≈ a¥n-k`bn¬- (1967˛69)- `h\\n¿-am-WhIp-∏p-a¥n-bm-b At±lam-Wv- e£w-ho-Sv-]≤Xn- Bhn-jv-Icn-®Xv.-* Atacn-°≥- ASn-aØw- Ahkm-\n-∏n-® (1863)- ]kn-U‚m-Wv- F_lmw-en-¶¨.- A[:ÿn-Xcp-sS D∂a\Øn-\m-bn- ]fin-‰v - Idp-∏≥- \SØn-bAim-¥ ]cn-iaw- At±lsØ "tIcfen-¶¨'- F∂ hn-tijWØn-\¿-l\m-°n-Øo¿-Øp.-

2.- (kn)- s]m-bv-Ibn¬- tbm-l∂m≥-3.- (F)- h°w- au-ehn-

* \n-bak`bn¬- kv-]o-°¿- ÿm-\w-hln-s° A¥cn-® ap-…nw-eo-Kv- t\Xm-hm-Wv- sI.-Fw.-ko-Xn-* c≠mw- tem-Ialm-bp-≤m-\¥cw- tam-Nn-Xcm-b tIcfØn-se Ahkm-\sØcm-„o-bØShp-Im-cn-sem-cm-fm-b ap-lΩZv- A–p-dlv-am≥- Adn-bs∏ń-cp-∂Xv.- tIcfØn-se kp-`m-jv-Nµt_m-kv- F∂m-bn-cp-∂p.-* tIcfØn¬- kz-Im-cy-taJebn¬- ÿm-]n-Xam-b BZy- F©n-\n-bdn-Mv- tImtfPv-(sIm-√w)- Adn-bs∏Sp-∂Xv- Xßƒ-°p-™v- ap-keym-cp-sS t]cn-em-Wv.-

4.- (kn)- Ip-cym-t°m-kv- Gen-bm-kv- Nm-hd* Hmtcm- ]≈n-°pw- H∏w- Hcp- ]≈n-°q-Sw- F∂ Bibw- ap-t∂m-´p-h®Xv- Nm-hdb®\m-Wv.-* tIcfØn¬- hn-Zym- ym-ktaJebn-seG‰hpw- hen-b tIm¿-]td‰v- kw-cw-àm-bn- F≥-Fkv-Fkn-s‚ hn-Zym-ebßsfhf¿-Øn-sbSp-ØXv- a∂Øv- ]fl\m-`\m-Wv.-

5.- (kn)- tUm.- ]¬-]p-* Cu-gh kap-Zm-bmw-Kßsf kw-LSn-∏n-°p-∂Xn-\m-bn- ]cn-ian-® BZy-sØt\Xm-hm-Wv- tUm.- ]¬-]p.-

6.- (F)- 19097.- (kn)- _“m-\µ in-htbm-Kn-

* ]m-e°m-Sv- Pn-√bn-em-Wv- BeØq¿.-8.- (kn)- ]fin-‰v- Idp-∏≥-9.- (F)- 1926

* hn-Zym-\µ≥,- kp-Kp-Wm-\µ≥- F∂o-in-jy-∑m¿-s°m-∏am-Wv- Kp-cp- io-e¶bn-se sIm-fw-t_m- XpdapJØn-dßn-bXv.-

10.- (kn)- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ-

12 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2014 \hw_¿- 1

2014 \hw_¿- 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 13

(F)- cm-Pdmw- tam-l≥-tdm-bv-(_n)- io-cm-aIr-jv-W]calw-k≥-(kn)- kzm-an- hn-thIm-µ≥-(Un)- ktcm-Pn-\n- \m-bn-Up-

2.- "Pm-Xn- tNm-Zn-°cp-Xv,- ]dbcp-Xv,- Nn-¥n-°cp-Xv- F∂p-]tZin-®Xv.-(F)- Aøm- sshIp-Wv-T¿-(_n)- ssX°m-Sv- Aø(kn)- Aø¶m-fn-(Un)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-

3.- N´ºn-kzm-an-Ifp-sS Hm-a\t∏cm-bn-cp-∂Xv-:(F)- Ip-™≥- (_n)- \m-Wp-(kn)- kp-_aWy≥-- (Un)- Aø≥-

4.- 1814¬- \Ie]p-cØv- P\n-® km-aqln-I ]cn-jv-I¿-Øm-hv-:(F)- Aøm- sshIp-Wv-T¿(_n)- ssX°m-Sv- Aø(kn)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-(Un)- Aø¶m-fn-

5.- 1916¬- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp- Xn-cp-hÆm-aebn¬- kµ¿-in-® alZv-hy-‡n-Xzw:(F)- kzm-an- hn-thIm-\µ≥-(_n)- Zbm-\µv- kckz-Xn-(kn)- caW al¿jn-(Un)- cho-µ\m-Yv- Sm-tKm¿-

6.- _“m-\µ in-htbm-Kn- P\n-® h¿-jw:(F)- 1852 (_n)- 1856-(kn)- 1861 (Un)- 1875

7.- Xm-sg∏dbp-∂hcn¬- GXv- kw-LS\bm-Wv- s]m-bv-Ibn¬- tbm-l∂m≥- ÿm-]n-®Xv?-(F)- ]Xy-£ c£m- ssZhk`

- (_n)- kmw-_hkw-Lw--(kn)- km-[p-P\]cn-]m-e\kw-Lw-(Un)- Acb alm-k`

8.- t_m-t[iz-c≥-,- s]cp-s\√n- Ir-jv-W≥-sshZy≥, - shfp -tØcn - tIih≥-sshZy≥,- Ip-ºfØp- i¶p-∏n-≈ F∂n-h¿- Bcp-sS Kr-lÿm-ian-Ifm-b in-jy-≥-am-cm-bn-cp-∂p?-(F)- ssX°m-Sv- Aø(_n)- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ-(kn)- Aøm- sshIp-Wv-T¿-(Un)- BKam-\µ≥-

9.- Ip-am-c\m-im≥- P\n-® h¿-jw-:(F)- 1878 (_n)- 1873-(kn)- 1885 (Un)- 1889

10.- "io- ´m-cI≥'- F∂pw- Adn-bs∏´Xm-cv?-(F)- Aøm- sshIp-Wv-T¿-(_n)- ssX°m-Sv- Aø(kn)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-(Un)- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ

DØcw-

1.- (kn)- kzm-an- hn-thIm-\µ≥-* kzm-an- hn-thIm-\µs‚ D]tZi]Im-cam-Wv- Acp-hn-∏p-dØv- Bflo-b]h¿-Ø\ßfn¬- ap-gp-In-°gn-™n-cp-∂ io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-hn-s\ ap≥-\n¿-Øn- Fkv-F≥-Un-]n- tbm-Kw- ÿm-]n-°m≥- tUm.-]¬-∏p- ]cn-ian-®Xv.-

2.- (Un)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-* km-aq-ln-tIm-∂a\sØ XS s∏Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂ Pm-Xn-bp-sS aXn¬-s°´p-Iƒ- XI¿-°m≥- ]cn-ian-® io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp- "aXtaXm-bm-epw- a\pjy≥-\∂m-bm¬- aXn'- F∂ DZv-t_m-[\Øn-eq-sS am-\hklh¿-Øn-Xz-Øn-s‚alØzw- DZv-tLm-jn-®p.-

3.- (F)- Ip-™≥-* ]n¬-°m-eØv- hn-Zym-[n-cm-P Ip-™≥-]n-≈ F∂pw- Adn-bs∏´p.-

4.- (_n)- ssX°m-Sv- Aø5.- (kn)- caWal¿-jn-

* Xan-gv-\m-ń-em-Wv- Xn-cp-hÆm-ae io-\m-cm-bWKpcp- Atßm-´p-sN∂v- kµ¿-in-® alZv-hy-‡n-bm-Wv- caWal¿-jn.-

6.- (F)- 1852* _lv-am-\µ in-htbm-Kn-bp-sS ]q¿-hm-iaØn-se t]cv- Im-cm-´v - tKm-hn-µtat\m≥- F∂m-bn-cp-∂p.-

7.- (F)- ]Xy-£c£m-ssZhk`

* 1909¬- In-kv-Xp-a-Xw- hn-´p- s]m-bv-I-bn¬- tbm-l-∂m-≥ kz-¥-am-bn- B-cw-`n-®- Z-fn-Xv- hn-tam-N-\-]-ÿm-\-am-Wv- ]-Xy-£- c-£m- ssZ-h-k- - A-Xn-\p-ti-jw-A-t±-lw- s]m-bv-I-bn¬- A-∏-®-≥ A-Y-hm- Ip-am-c-Kp-cp-tZ-h-≥ F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´p.-ssI-kv-X-h,- A-ssI-kv-X-h,- Z-fn-Xv- hn-`m-K-ßƒ-°v- X-s‚- kw-L-S-\-bn¬- Aw-K-Xz-Øn-\v- Ip-am-c-Kp-cp-tZ-h-≥ A-h-k-c-sa-m-cp-°n.-

8 (_n)- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ-* ]ikv-X Ihbn-Xn- kp-KXIp-am-cn-bp-sS ]n-Xm-hm-Wv- tIih]n≈ F∂v-bYm¿-Yt]cp-≈ t_m-t[iz-c≥.-* Pb P-b- tIm-a-f- tI-c-f-[-cn-Wn.....- F-∂p- Xp-S-ßp-∂-Xpw- "-tI-c-f-Km-\w-'- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-am-b- ]m-´v- A-t±-l-am-Wv-c-N-n-®Xvv.-* Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬- tIm-¨-K-kv- ]-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚- ]-ap-J- t\-Xm-°-fn-sem-cm-fm-bn-cp-∂p- Ip-º-f-Øv- i-¶p-∏n-≈.- X-s‚- B-fl-I-Y-bn¬- A-t±-lw- N- -ºn-kzm-an-I-fp-am-bp-≈- Du-jv-a-f-am-b- B-fl-_-‘-sØ-°p-dn-®v- ]-Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p-≠v.-

9.- (_n)- 1873* Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw- Pn-√bn-se Im-bn-°cbn¬- 1873 G]n¬- 12\m-Wv- Ip-am-c\m-im-s‚ P\\w.- \m-cm-bW\pw- Im-fn-bΩbp-am-bn-cp-∂p- am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ.-

10.- (Un)- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ

IV

1.- in-hKn-cn- Xo¿-Ym-S\Øn-s‚ Bibw-io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp- Aw-Ko-Icn-® h¿-jw-(F)- 1927 (_n)- 1928(kn)- 1926 (Un)- 1925

2.- Ip-cym-t°m-kv- Gen-bm-kv- Nm-hd P\n-® h¿jw-(F)- 1805 (_n)- 1809(kn)- 1856 (Un)- 1861

3.- Ah¿-W¿-°v- Bcm-[\ \SØp-∂Xn-\v-1888¬- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp- in-h]Xn-jv-T\SØn-b ÿew-:(F)- acp-Xzm-ae (_n)- sNºg¥n-

(kn)- Acp-hn-∏p-dw- (Un)- h¿-°e4.- Kp-cp-hm-bq¿- t£-Xw- F-√m- ln-µp-°ƒ-

°pw- Xp-d-∂p-sIm-Sp-°-W-sa-∂v- Km-‘n-Pn,- Sm-tKm¿- Xp-S-ßn-b- k-ap-∂-X- hy-‡n-I-fp-sS- A-`y¿-Y-\- \n-c-kn-®- t£-X-S-Ãn- B-cm-bn-cp-∂p?-(F)- km-aq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sv-(_n)- Xncp-hn-Xm-w-Iq¿- cm-Pm-hv-(kn)- sIm-®o-cm-Pm-hv-(Un)- ]m-en-bØ®≥-

5.- sIm-®n- alm-cm-Pm-hv- "Ihn-Xn-eI≥'-_lp-aXn- \¬-In-bm¿-°m-Wv?-(F)- Ip-am-c\m-im≥-(_n)- BeØq¿- in-htbm-Kn-(kn)- kltZh≥- Aø∏≥-(Un)- ]fin-‰v- Idp-∏≥-

6.- BZy-Im-eØv- hm-Kv- Sm-\µKp-cp-tZhs\kz-m-[o-\n-® km-aq-ln-I ]cn-jv-I¿-Øm-hv- Bcv?(F)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-(_n)- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ-(kn)- BKam-\µ≥-(Un)- ssX°m-Sv- Aø

7.- Xm-sg∏dbp-∂hcn¬- Bcm-Wv- ssh°w-kXym-KlØn-s‚ BZy-Zn-hksØkXym-Kln-Ifn¬- Dƒ-s∏Sm-ØXv?-

(F)- Ip-™∏n-(_n)- _m-lp-teb≥-(kn)- tKm-hn-µ∏Wn-°¿-(Un)- Sn.-sI.-am-[h≥-

8.- Ip-am-c\m-im≥- A¥cn-® h¿-jw-:(F)- 1924 (_n)- 1928(kn)- 1922 (Un)- 1923

9.- Bcp-sS _m-ey-Im-e \m-aam-bn-cp-∂p- "ap-Øp-°p-ń'?-(F)- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ-(_n)- Aøm- sshIp-Wv-T¿--(kn)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-(Un)- hm-Kv-`Sm-\µ≥-

10.- h°w- au-ehn-bp-am-bn- t\cn-´v- _‘an-√m-Ø ]kn-≤o-IcWtaXv?-(F)- Zo-]n-I (_n)- A¬-˛Ckv-emw-(kn)- ap-…nw-- (Un)- A¬- Aao≥-

DØcw-

1.- (_n)- 1928* ]ikv-XIhn- ap-eq¿- Fkv-.-]Zv-a\m-`∏Wn-°cm-Wv- in-hKn-cn- Xo¿-Ym-S\w-F∂ BibØn-s‚ D]⁄m-Xm-hv-F∂v- Icp-Xs∏Sp-∂p.- CXv- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cphn-s‚ ap-ºm-sI AhXcn-∏n-°p-hm≥- At±lw- h√`t»cn- tKm-hn-µ≥- sshZy-scbpw- Sn. -sI.- In -´≥-ssd‰sdbpw- Np-aXes∏Sp-Øn.-* in-hKncn- Xo¿-Ym-S\w- Un-kw-_¿- 30ap -X¬- P\p-hcn - H∂p-hscbm-Wv. -]Ø\w-Xn-´bn-se Cehpw-Xn-´bn¬- \n-∂m-Wv- BZy- Xo¿-Ym-SIkw-Lw- ]p-ds∏´Xv.- Xo¿-Ym-SI¿-°m-bn- Kp-cp- \n-jv-I¿-®n-cn-°p-∂ hkv-XØn-s‚ \n-dw-a™bm-Wv.-* ap-√q¿- kv-am-cIw-˛ Cehpw-Xn-´* kckIhn- F∂dn-bs∏´Xv-˛ ap-√q¿-

2.- (F)- 1805* 1805 s^_p-hcn- ]Øn-\v- Ip-´\m-ń-se ssI\Icn-bn-em-Wv- Nm-hdb®≥-P\n-®Xv.- ]m-cºcy-co-Xn-bn-ep-≈ hn-Zym-`ym-kØn-\p-tijw- At±lw- ]≈n-∏p-dw- skan-\m-cn-bn¬- hn-Zym¿-Yn-bm-bn.-1829¬- ]u-tcm-ln-Xyw- kzo-Icn-®p.-

3.- (kn-)- Acp-hn-∏p-dw-* tIcfØn-s‚ sXt°b‰Øp-≈ \Zn-bm-b s\øm-dn-s‚ Xo-cØm-Wv- Acp-hn-∏p-dw.-* _m-“W¿- sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂- ]-Xn-jv-Tm-I¿-aw- H-cp- Cu-g-h-k-ap-Zm-bmw-Kw- sN-bv-X-Xn-s\- bm-Ym-ÿn-Xn-I¿- tNm-Zyw-sN-bv-Xp.- "-\mw- ]-Xn-jv-Tn-®-Xv- \-Ωp-sS-in-h-s\-bm-Wv-'- F-∂m-bn-cp-∂p- \m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hn-s‚- a-dp-]-Sn.- Cu- kw-`-hw-"-A-cp-hn-∏p-dw- hn-π-hw-'- F-∂pw- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°-s∏´p.-

4.- (F)- km-aq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sv-* km-aq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sn-s‚ Bÿm-\w- tIm-gn-t°m-Sm-bn-cp-∂p.-

5.- (Un)- ]fin-‰v- Idp-∏≥-* ]fin-‰v- Idp-∏\v- "hn-Zzm≥'- _lp-aXn-\¬-In-bXv- tIcfh¿-a hen-btIm-bn-

Øºp-cm-\m-Wv.-* "tIcf Im-fn-Zm-k≥-'- F∂dnbs∏´Xv-tIcfh¿-a hen-btIm-bn-Øºp-cm-\m-Wvv- "taLZqXw-'- cNn-® Im-fn-Zm-ks‚am -Xr -Ibn¬- At±lw- cNn -®ktµiIm-hy-am-Wv- "abq-cktµiw'.-

6.- (F)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-* _lv-am-\µin-htbm-Kn-bpw- hm-Kv-`Sm-\µs\ kz-m-[o-\n-®n-´p-≠v.- F∂m¬,-]n¬-°m-eØv- At±lw- _lv-am-\µin-htbm-Kn-bn-¬- \n-∂v- AI∂p.-

7.- (Un)- Sn-.-sI.-am-[h≥-* Ip-™∏n F-∂- ]p-e-b-k-ap-Zm-bmw-K-hpw- _m-lp-te-b-≥ F-∂- Cu-g-h-bp-hm-hpw- tKm-hn-µ-∏-Wn-°¿- F-∂- \m-b-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p- B-Zy- Zn-h-k-sØ- k-Xym-K-ln-Iƒ.- Hm-tcm- Zn-h-k-hpw- k-h¿-W-cpw-A-h¿-W-cpw- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-∂- aq-∂p-t]¿- "-A-h¿-W¿-°p- ]-th-i-\-an-√-'- F-∂- t_m¿-Un-s‚- ]-cn-[n-I-S-∂v- t£-X-Øn-te-°v-t]m-Ip-I- F-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p- k-a-c-ap-d.-

8.- (F)- 1924.-9.- (_n)- Aøm- sshIp-Wv-T¿

* I\ym-Ip-am-cn- Pn-√bn-se \m-K¿-tIm-hn-en-\Sp-Øv- kzm-an-tØm-∏n-¬- s]m-∂p-\m-Sm-cp-sSbpw- shbn-em-fp-sSbpw- aI\m-bn- 1809em-Wv- sshIp-Wv-Tkzm-an-Iƒ-P\n-®Xv.-

10.- (Un-)- A¬-˛Aao-≥-* tIm-gnt°m-´p-\n-∂v- Cu- ]Xw- 1924¬-]kn-≤o-IcWam-cw-`n-®Xv- ap-lΩZv-A_v-Zpƒ- dlv-am≥- km-ln-_m-Wv.-

V

1.- io -\m -cm -bW [¿-akw-LØn-s‚Bÿm\w?-(F)- iphKn-cn- (_n)- sIm-√w--(kn)- Acp-hn-∏p-dw- (Un)- sNºg¥n-

2.- ]fin-‰v - Idp-∏s‚ c£m-[n-Im-cXz-Øn¬- ]_p-≤ Ntµm-Zbw- k` GXv-kw-Lw- Bÿm-\am-°n-bm-Wv- ]h¿-Øn-®Xv?-(F)- hS°≥- ]dhq¿- (_n)- tXhc-(kn)- CSs°m-®n- (Un)- hm-cm-∏p-g

3.- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp- in-hKn-cn-bn¬- im-cZm- ]Xn-jv-T \SØn-b h¿-jw-:(F)- 1912 (_n)- 1914(kn)- 1924 (Un)- 1928

4.- GXv- km-aq-ln-I ]cn-jv-I¿-Øm-hn-s‚]q¿-hn-Icm-Wv- Sn-∏p-hn-s‚ ae_m¿-BIaWkabØv- Xan-gv-\m- n-te°v- Ip-Sn-tbdn-bXv?-(F)- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ--(_n)- ssX°m-Sv- Aø-(kn)- sshIp-Wv-Tkzm-an-Iƒ-(Un)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-

5.- Ccp-]Xmw-\q-‰m-≠n-se- G-‰-hpw- a-lm-\m-b- tI-c-fo-b-\m-bn- ]-cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-:-(F)- a∂Øv- ]Zv-a\m-`≥-(_n)- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ--(kn)- _lv-am-\µin-htbm-Kn-(Un)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-

6.- "amw-k\n-_≤a√ cm-Kw'- F∂p-Zv-tLm-jn-°p-∂ Ip-am-c\m-im-s‚ Ir-Xn-tbXv?-(F)- ho-W]q-hv- (_n)- Icp-W(kn)- eo-e (Un)- \fn-\n-

7.- hm-Kv- Sm-\µ Kp-cp-tZhs‚ bYm¿-Yt]cv:(F)- Ip-™n-°Æ≥--- (_n)- kp-∫cm-b≥-(kn)- Aø∏≥- (Un)- ap-Øp-°p-ń--

8.- tUm.- ]¬-∏p-hn-s‚ Po-hn-Xw- B[m-cam-°n- ]p-kv-XIw- cNn-®Xv-:(F)- Ipam-c\m-im≥-(_n)- Sn.-sI.-am-[h≥--(kn)- kn.-tIih≥-(Un)- hm-Kv-`Sm-\µ≥-

9.- h¿-°e°p∂n-\v- "in-hKn-cn'- F∂ t]cp-\¬-In-bXv-:(F)- tUm.- ]¬-∏p-(_n)- -io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-(kn)- Aø¶m-fn-(Un)- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ

10.- 1915 G]n¬- 17\v- Sn.-sI.-am-[h≥- Bcw-

2014 \hw_¿- 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 13

14 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2014 \hw_¿- 1

`n-® ]Xw-:(F)- hn-thtIm-Zbw- (_n)- ]u-c[z-\n-(kn)- an-Xhm-Zn (Un)- tZim-`n-am-\n-

DØcw-

1.- (F)- in-hKn-cn-* i¶¿- skI´dnbm-bn- 1949¬- cPn-kv-‰¿-

sNbv-X Fkv-F≥- SÃn-s‚ Bÿm-\w-sIm-√am-Wv.

2.- (F)- hS°≥- ]dhq¿-3.- (F)- 1912* Ajv-StIm¨- BIr-Xn-bn¬- \n¿-an-®n-cn-

°p-∂ t£XØn¬- hm-Kv-tZhXbm-bkckz-Xn- shfp-∏v- \n-dØn-ep-≈ Xm-acbn¬- Ccn-°p-∂Xm-bn-´m-Wv- ]Xn-jv-T.- \n-thZy-hpw- A`n-tjIhpw- C√F∂Xv- Cu- t£XØn-s‚ ]tXy-IXbm-Wv.- ]Xn-jv-Tm- ÿm-]\ IΩn‰n-bp-sS A[y-£≥- tUm.- ]¬-∏p-hpw-skI´dn- Ip-am-c\m-im-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p.-

4.- (_n-)- ssX°m-Sv- Aø* sh≈m-f kap-Zm-bØn-em-Wv- ssX°m-Sv- Aø P\n-®Xv.- A—s‚ t]cv- ap-Øp-Ip-am-c≥.- cp-Iv-an-Wn- AΩm-fm-bn-cp-∂p-am-Xm-hv.-* kp-∫cm-b≥- F∂ sNdp-∏Im-e \m-aap-≠mbn-cp-∂ ssX°m-Sv- Aø P\n-®Xv- Xan-gv-\m- n-se \Ie]p-cØm-Wv.- Sn-∏p-hn-s‚ ]Stbm- °m-eØv- ae_m-dn¬-\n-∂v- ]m-em-b\w- sNbv-X At±lØn-s‚ ]q¿-hn-Icp-sS Ip-essZhw- kp-_aWy-\m-bn-cp-∂p-.-

5.- (Un-)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-* Ccp-]Xmw- \q-‰m-≠n-sebpw- c≠mw-klkm-–Øn-sebpw- G‰hpw- alm-\m-b m-cXo-b≥- alm-flm-Km-‘n-bm-Wv.-* `m-cXNcn-XØn-se G‰hpw- alm≥-io-_p-≤\m-Wv.-

6.- (kn-)- eo-e* 1914¬- ]kn-≤o-Ir-Xam-b eo-ebn-se][m-\ IYm-]m-Xßƒ- aZ\\pw- eo-ebp-am-Wv.-

7.- (F)- Ip-™n-°Æ≥-* hSt° ae_m-dn¬- IÆq-cn-se ]m-Syw- Km-aØn-em-Wv- hbtecn- Ip-™n-°Æ≥- Kp-cp-°ƒ- P\n-®Xv.-

8.- (_n-)- Sn.-sI.-am-[h≥-* lcn-Zm-kn,- t£X]thi\w- F∂n-hbm-Wv- At±lØn-s‚ a‰p-Ir-Xn-Iƒ.

9.- (_n-)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-* 1928 sk]v-Xw-_¿- 20\v- (I∂n-am-kw-A©mw- Xo-bXn)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-kam-[n-bm-bXpw- in-hKn-cn-bn¬- h®m-Wv-.-

10.- (Un)- tZim-`n-am-\n-* 1930¬- CXn-s‚ ]kn-≤o-IcWw- \n-e®p.- Ct∏mƒ- tIcfØn¬- kn.-]n.-FΩn-s‚ ap-J]Xam-bn- ]kn-≤o-Icn-°p-∂ "tZim- n-am-\n'- ]kn-≤o-IcWam-cw- n-®Xv- 1942¬- tIm-gn-t°m- v- \n-∂m-Wv.-Fw.-Fkv.-tZhZm-km-bn-cp-∂p- BZy-]Xm-[n-]¿.-

* kn.-]n. -sF tIcf LSIØn-s‚ ap-J]Xam-Wv- "P\bp-Kw-'.

VI

1.- 1913˛1914¬- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp- ÿm-]n-®Xv?-(F)- Acp-hn-∏p-dw- t£Xw-(_n)- Bep-h AssZz-Xm-iaw-(kn)- in-hKn-cn- im-cZm-]Xn-jv-T(Un)- sh√q¿- aTw--

2.- io-\m-cm-bW [¿-akw-Lw- cPn-kv-‰¿-sNbvX h¿-jw-:(F)- 1925 (_n)- 1926(kn)- 1927 (Un)- 1928

3.- "tam-t£]Zo-]w'- cNn-®Xv-(F)- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ-

(_n)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-(kn)- _“m-\µ in-htbm-Kn-(Un)- sshIp-Wv-Tkzm-an-Iƒ-

4.- tIcfw- k-µ¿-in-®-t∏mƒ- "-C-hn-Sw- H-cp-`m-¥m-e-bw-'- F-∂v- A- n-]m-b-s∏- -Xm-cv?-

(F)- kzm-an- hn-thIm-\µ≥-(_n)- alm-flm-Km-‘n-(kn)- cho-µ\m-Yv- Sm-tKm¿-(Un)- kn.-F^v.-B≥-Uq-kv-

5.- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-hn-\v- Zn-hy-⁄m-\w-ssIh∂ ÿew-:(F)- acp-Xzm-ae (_n)- Xn-cp-hÆm-ae(kn)- in-hKn-cn- (Un)- hSn-ho-iz-cw-

6.- "C¥ D-e-In-te- H-tc- H-cp- Pm-Xn- Xm-≥,- H-tc- H-cp- a-Xw- Xm-≥,- H-tc- H-cp- I-S-hpƒ- Xm-≥'- F-∂- h-N-\-Øn-s‚- D-]-⁄m-Xm-hv-:-(F)- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ-(_n)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-(kn)- ssX°m-Sv- Aø(Un)- Aø¶m-fn-

7.- tUm.- ]¬-∏p- P\n-® ÿew-:(F)- sNºg¥n- (_n)- t]´(kn)- sIm-√q¿- (Un)- ]∑\

8.- "tIcfØn-se C…m-an-I \thm-∞m-\Øn-s‚ ]n-Xm-hv'- F∂p- hn-tijn-∏n-°s∏Sp-∂Xv: (F) - sam -b v -Xp -auehn-(_n)- h°w- au-ehn-(kn)- A–pƒ-dlv-am≥- km-ln-_v-(Un)- ]n.-sI.-Ip-™v-

9.- c≠mw- Cugh satΩm-dn-b¬- 1900¬-B¿-°m-Wv- ka¿-∏n-®Xv?-(F)- io-aq-ew- Xn-cp-\mƒ-(_n)- Igv-k¨- ]`p-(kn)- U^v-dn≥- ]`p-(Un)- hn-im-Jw- Xn-cp-\mƒ-

10.- "kv -t\lam-WJn-ekm-caq -gn -bn¬' -F∂p-Zv-tLm-jn-® aebm-f Ihn-:(F)- Ip-am-c\m-im≥- (_n)- h≈tØmƒ-(kn)- Nßºp-g (Un)- sshtem-∏n-≈n-

DØcw-

1.- (_n)- Bep-h AssZz-Xiaw-* s]cn-bm-dn-s‚ Xo-cØm-Wn-Xv.- "Hmw-km-tlm-Zcyw- k¿-hX'- F∂ Bibam-Wv- Biaw- Db¿-Øn-∏n-Sn-°p-∂Xv.-AssZz-Xm-iaw- Hcp- ]tXy-I tZh\pw-ka¿-∏n-°s∏ńń-√.-

2.- (Un)- 1928* Xr-»q¿- It®cn-bn-em-Wv- io-\m-cm-bW[¿-akw-Lw- cPn-kv-‰¿- sNbv-XXv.- Xs‚k¿-hkz-Øpw- [¿-akw-LØn-\m-bn- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp- Fgp-Xn- h®p.-* ]n.-\Scm-P≥- (\Scm-PKp-cp),- GWÃv-I¿-°v- (io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-hn-s‚ BZy-sØ bq-tdm-]y≥- in-jy≥)-,- t_m-[m-\µ≥,- tKm-hn-µm-\µ≥,- Bflm-\µ≥,-kp-Kp-Wm-\µKn-cn- Xp-Sßn-bhcm-Wv-Bcw-`Øn¬- [¿-akw-LØn¬- D≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv.-

3.- (kn)- _lv-am-\µin-htbm-Kn-* Xs‚ ]cn-jv-Ir-Xm-ibßƒ- hn-iZam-°n-s°m-≠v- _lv-am-\µin-htbm-Kn-cNn-® ]p-kv-XIßfm-Wv- tam-£]Zo-]w,- B\µkq-Xw- F∂n-h.-

4.- (F)- kzm-an- hn-thIm-\µ≥-* 1892em-Wv- \tcµ\m-Yv- ZØ F∂v-bYm¿-Y\m-aap-≈ (Ip-ń-°m-eØv- ho-tciz¿- ZØ F∂pw- Adn-bs∏´p)- kzm-an- hn-thIm-\µ≥- tIcfw- kµ¿-in-®Xv.-* tIcf°cbn¬- \n-e\n-∂n-cp-∂ A\m-Nm-cßƒ- Xo-≠n-´m-Wv- kzm-an- hn-thIm-\µ≥- C]Im-cw- ]d™Xv.-

5.- (F)- acp-Xzm-ae* Xan-gv-\m-ń-se I\ym-Ip-am-cn- Pn-√bn-em-Wv- acp-Xzm-ae.-* \n-ch[n- h¿-jsØ GIm-¥ Po-hn-XØn-\pw- [ym-\Øn-\p-sam-Sp-hn-em-Wv- Zn-hy-⁄m-\w- ssIh∂Xv.-

6.- (kn)- ssX°m-Sv- Aø* CXn-s‚ aebm-f ]cn-`m-jbm-b "Hcp-Pm-Xn,- Hcp- aXw,- Hcp- ssZhw- a\p-jy-\v'- ]kn-≤am-°n-bXv- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cphm-Wv.-

7.- (_n) t]´* kaq-lØn-se D®\o-NXz-ßƒ- Im-cWw- Ah¿-Wcp-sS Po-hn-Xw- bm-X\m-\n¿-`cam-bn-cp-∂ Hcp- Im-eL´Øn-em-

Wv- Cu-gh kap-Zm-bØn¬- tUm.- ]¬-]p- 1863 \hw-_¿- c≠n-\v- P\n-®Xv.- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cØv- t]´bn¬- s\Sp-tßm-´v - ho-ń-em-bn-cp-∂p- P\\w.- A—≥-X®°p-ń- ]¬-∏p- F∂ am-Xn-°p-ń-`KhXn.- s\Sp-tßm-´v- ho-ń¬- ]∏ΩF∂ am-Xs∏cp-am-fm-bn-cp-∂p- AΩ.-

8.- (_n)- h°w- au-ehn-* km-aq-ln-I ]cn-jv-IcWw- e£y-an-´v-h°w- au-ehn- Bcw-`n-® ]kn-≤o-IcWßfm-Wv- ap-…ow,- A¬- C…mw,- Zo-]n-I F∂n-h.-

9.- (_n)- Igv-k¨- ]`p-* 1896¬- io-aq-ew- Xn-cp-\m-fn-\v- ka¿-∏n-® "H∂m-w - Cu-gh satΩm-dn -b¬'-F∂dn-bs∏´ \nthZ\w- sIm-≠v -êap-≠m-Im-sX h∂t∏m-gm-Wv- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- kµ¿-i\Øn-s\Øn-bsshtkm-bn- Igv-k - ]`p-hn-\v- c≠mw-\n-thZ\w- ka¿-∏n-®Xv.* _n-ó-jn-¥y-bn-se Hu-dw-Kko-_v'-F∂dn-bs∏´ Igv-k¨- ]`p,- Xn-cp-hn-Xm-w-Iq¿- kµ¿-in-® BZy- _n-ó-jv-sshtkm -bn -bm -Wv . - Cu- kµ¿-i\thfbn-em-Wv- At±lw- Be∏p-gsb "In-g°n-s‚ sh\o-kv'- F∂p- hn-tijn-∏n-®Xv.-

10.- (F)- Ip-am-c\m-im≥-* "kv-t\lKm-bI≥-'- F∂p- hn-tijn-°s∏´ aebmf Ihn-bm-Wv- Ip-am-c\m-im≥.-

VII

1.- ""Hcp- Pm-Xn- Hcp- aXw- Hcp- ssZhw- a\p-jy-\v''- F∂ ktµiw- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp- tem-IØn-\v- \¬-In-bXv- Fhn-sSh®m-Wv?-(F)- acp-Xzm-ae(_n)- Xet»cn-(kn)- Bep-h(Un)- h¿-°e

2.- _mw-•q-cn¬- D]cn-]T\w- \SØm≥- Ip-am-c\m-im-\v- km-ºØn-Iklm-bw- \¬-In-bXm-cv?-(F)- tUm.- ]¬-]p-(_n)- kzm-an- hn-thIm-\µ≥-(kn)- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ-(Un)- ssX°m-Sv- Aø

3.- sIm-®n- ]p-eb alm-k`bp-sS cq-]hXv-IcWØn-\v- t\Xr-Xzw- \¬-In-bXv-:(F)- Aø¶m-fn-(_n)- ]fin-‰v- Idp-∏≥--(kn)- Sn.-Sn.-tIih≥-im-kv-Xn-(Un)- AøØm≥- tKm-]m-e≥-

4.- 1874¬- Hcp- t_m-´p-bm-Xbv-°n-sS Hcp-Iq- w- kh¿-W¿- BIan-®v- sIm-es∏Sp-Øn-b km-aq-ln-I ]cn-jv-I¿-Øm-hv-:(F)- Idp-º≥- ssZhØm≥-(_n)- Bdm-´p-]p-g them-bp-[∏Wn-°¿-(kn)- AøØm≥- tKm-]m-e≥-(Un)- ]fin-‰v- Idp-∏≥--

5.- "tam-£]Zo-]Jfi\w'- cNn-®Xm-cv?-(F)- _lv-am-\µin-htbm-Kn-(_n)- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ-(kn)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-(Un)- BKam-\µ≥-

6.- P\\Zn-hkhpw- NcaZn-\hpw- tIcfk¿-°m¿- Ah[n- Zn-hkam-bn- ]Jym-]n-®n-´p-≈ GIhy-‡n-:(F)- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ-(_n)- sI.-tIf∏≥-(kn)- Aø¶m-fn-(Un)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-

7.- alm-Im-hy-sagp-Xm-sX alm-Ihn-∏´w-kz-¥am-b aebm-fIhn-:(F)- D≈q¿- (_n)-Ip-am-c\m-im≥-(kn)- h≈tØmƒ- (Un)-Nßºp-g

8.- sshtZin -I klm-bw - Iq -Sm -sXtIcfØn-se BZy-sØ A®Sn-im-e(]kv)- ÿm-]n-®Xv-:(F)- Ip-am-c\m-im≥-(_n)- a∂Øv- ]Zv-a\m-`≥--(kn)- Ip-cym-t°m-kv- Gen-bm-kv- Nm-hd

(Un)- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ-9.- Ae™p-Xn -cn -™p-≈ Po -hn -Xw -

Ahkm-\n-∏n-®v- ÿn-cam-bn- Hcn-SØv- Po-hn-°m≥- Xo-cp-am-\n-® io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp - Xs‚ ]h¿-Ø\tIµam -bn -sXcs™Sp-Ø ÿew-:(F)- h¿-°e (_n)- Xet»cn-(kn)- Bep-h (Un)- sNºg¥n-

10.- _n-ó-jv- k¿-°m¿- "dm-hp- kmtl_v'-_lpaXn- \¬-In- BZcn-® km-aq-ln-I]cn-jv-I¿-Øm-hv-:(F)- ]fin-‰v- Idp-∏≥-(_n)- AøØm≥ tKm-]m-e≥-(kn)- hm-Kv-`Sm-\µ≥-(Un)- Ip-am-c\m-im≥-

DØcw-

1.- (kn)- Bep-h* Bep-h-bn-se- k¿-h-a-X-k-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬- (1924)- h-®m-Wv- Kp-cp-tZ-h-≥ Cu-ktµiw- \¬In-bXv.--

2.- (F)- tUm.- ]¬-]p-* ssakq¿- K-h- -sa-‚ v- sa-Un-°¬- k¿-ho-kn-em-Wv- tUm.- ]¬-∏p- tk-h-\-a-\p-jv-Tn-®Xv.-

3.- (_n)- ]fin-‰v- Idp-∏≥-* ]fin-‰v- Idp-∏≥- P\n-®Xv- hm-e kap-Zm-bØn-em-Wv-.-

4.- (_n)- Bdm-´p-]p-g them-bp-[∏Wn°¿-* Pm-Xn- aXt`Zßƒ-s°Xn-scbp-≈them-bp-[∏Wn-°cp-sS t]m-cm-´ßƒ-kh¿-Wcp-sS iXp-Xbv-°n-Sbm-°n.-kh¿-W¿- am - Xw - \SØn-bn -cp -∂IYIfn- Cu-ghbphm-°sf ]cn-io-en-∏n-®v- Actß‰w- \SØn.-

5.- (_n)- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ-* _lv-am-\µin-htbm-Kn-bp-sS "tam-£]Zo-]w'- F∂ ]p-kv-XIØn-\p-≈adp-]Sn-bm-Wv- "tam-£]Zo-]Jfi\w'.--

6.- (kn)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-* Nn-ßam-kØn-se NXbZn-\am-Wv.-io-\m-cm-bWKpcp- Pb¥n.- I∂n-am-kw-A©mw- Xo-bXn-bm-Wv- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-hn-s‚ kam-[n-Zn-\w.-* a∂-Øv- ]-Zv-a-\m-`-s‚- P-∑-Zn-\w- \m-b¿- k-ap-Zm-bmw-K-ß-fm-b- k¿-°m¿- Po-h-\-°m¿-°v- \n-b-¥n-X- A-h-[n-Zn-\-am-Wv.-

7.- (_n)- Ip-am-cm-\m-im≥-* Ip-am-c\m-im≥- JfiIm-hy-ßfm-Wv-cNn-®Xv.-* F.-B¿.-cm-Pcm-Ph¿-abp-sS "aebhn-em-k'-sØ (1895)- aebm-fØn-se BZy-sØ JfiImhy-am-bn- ]cn-KWn-°p-∂p-sh¶n-epw- e£Wsam-Ø BZy-sØaebmf JfiIm-hyw- Ip-am-c\mim-s‚"ho-W]q-hv-'- (1907)- BWv.-* 1922¬- aZm-kv- k¿-hIem-im-e Ip-am-c\m-im-\v- alm-Ihn-∏´w- \¬-In.-

8.- (kn-)- Ip-cym-t°m-kv- Gen-bm-kv- Nm-hd* tIcfØn¬- ItØm-en-°m-k`bp-sSBZy-sØ Cu- kw-cw-`w- 1844¬- am-∂m-\w- F∂ ÿeØm-Wv- Bcw-`n-®Xv.-tIcfØn-se G‰hpw- ]g°ap-≈]Xam-b Zo-]n-I 1887¬- ]kn-≤o-IcWam-cw-`n-®Xv- Chn-sS \n-∂m-Wv-"\km-Wn- Zo-]n-I'- F∂m-bn-cp-∂p-At∏mƒ- t]cv.- Xr-»q-cn-se Iq-\Ωm-hn-eyw- Nm-hdb®≥- ]kv- ÿm-]n-®n- p-≠v.-* Xet»cn -bn -se Cgn -°q -∂n -seI√®n¬- \n-∂v- 1847¬- sl¿-a≥- Kp-≠¿-v- ]kn-≤o-Icn-® "cm-Py-kam-Nm-c'-am-Wv-

aebmfØn-se BZy- ]Xw.-* tIcfØn¬- aebm-fw- A®Sn-® BZy-sØ A®Sn-im-e tIm- bw- kn-Fw-Fkv-]kv- BWv.-

9.- (F)- h¿-°e* 1904em-Wv- Po-hn-XØn-se ]p-Xn-sbm-cp- L´Øn-\v- Xp-S°w- Idn-®p-sIm-≠v-Kp-cp,- h¿-°esb ]h¿-Ø\tIµam-bn- Xn-cs™Sp-ØXv.-* Xn-cp -h\¥]p-cØn-\v - 32 In. -an -hS°m-Wv- h¿-°e.- Chn-Sp-sØ sdbn¬-

2014 \hw_¿- 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 15

th tÃjs‚ t]cv- h¿-°e˛in-hKn-cn-F∂v- ]p-\¿\m-aIcWw- sNbv-Xn-´p-≠v.-io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-hn-t\m-Sp-≈ BZckq-NIam-bn- 2005em-Wv- t]cp-am-‰n-bXv.-

10.- (_n)- AøØm≥- tKm-]m-e≥-* Pm-Xy-m-Nm-cßsf FXn¿-Ø ]p-tcm-Ka\

Nn-¥m-KXn-°m-c\m-b AøØm≥- tKm-]m-es‚ km-aq-ln-I ]cn-jv-°cW]h¿-Ø\ßsf ap≥-\n¿-Ønbm-Wv- _lp-aXn- \¬-In-bXv.-

VIII

1.- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- Bÿm-\am-bn- XØz-]Im-in-I Biaw- ÿm-]n-®Xv-:(F)- ktlm-Zc≥- Aø∏≥-(_n)- hm-Kv-`Sm-\µ≥-(kn)- BeØq¿- in-htbm-Kn-(Un)- ]fin-‰v- Idp-∏≥-

2.- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-hn-s\ ssX°m-Sv -Aøbv-°v- ]cn-Nbs∏Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-ØXv- Bcm-Wv?-(F)- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ--(_n)- Aøm- sshIp-Wv-T¿-(kn)- Aø¶m-fn-(Un)- _lv-am-\µ in-htbm-Kn-

3.- ""ssZhZiIw'- cNn-®Xm-cv?-(F)- sshIp-Wv-Tkzm-an-Iƒ-(_n)- Ip-am-c\mim≥-(kn)- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ-(Un)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-

4.- t]´bn¬- cm-a≥-]n≈bm-im-s‚ ]m-Tim-ebn¬- ]Tn-°p-Ibpw- ¢m-kn-se "tam-Wn-´¿'--˛BIp-Ibpw- sNbv-XXm-cv?-(F)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-(_n)- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ-(kn)- Aø¶m-fn-(Un)- Aøm- sshIp-Wv-T¿-

5.- "B\µkq-Xw-'- cNn-®Xm-cv?-(F)- sshIp-Wv-Tkzm-an-Iƒ-(_n)- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ-(kn)- _lv-am-\µ in-htbm-Kn-(Un)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-

6.- "Pm-Xn-Ip-Ωn'- cNn-®Xm-cv?-(F)- tUm.- ]¬-∏p-(_n)- Ip-am-c\m-im≥-(kn)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-(Un)- ]fin-‰v- Idp-∏≥-

7.- "hm-Zn-°m-\pw- Pbn-°m-\p-a√; Adn-bm-\pw- Adn-bn-°m-\pw''- Cu- e£ytØm-sS 1924¬- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-hn-s‚t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬- k¿-haXktΩf\w-\S∂Xv- Fhn-sSh®m-Wv?-(F)- sNºg¥n- (_n)- Acp-hn-∏p-dw-(kn)- Bep-h (Un)- h¿-°e

8.- ]fin-‰v - Idp-∏s‚ c£m-[n-Im-cXz-Øn¬- "⁄m-t\m-Zbw-k`'- ÿm-]n-®Xv-Fhn-sSbm-Wv?-(F)- B\m-∏pg (_n)- tXhc(kn)- sIm-Sp-ß√q¿- (Un)- CSs°m-®n-

9.- "]m-No-\aebm-fw'- cNn-®Xm-cv?-(F)- BKam-\µ≥-(_n)- io-\m-cm-bWKpcp-(kn)- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ-(Un)- hm-Kv-`Sm-\µ≥-

10.- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cphn-s‚ in-jy-\m-btijw- Ip-am-cp-hn-s\ (Ip-am-c\m-im≥)-D∂X]T\Øn\m-bn- Fhn-tS°m-Wv-Ab®Xv?-(F)- _mw-•q¿- (_n)- ]q-s\(kn)- U¬-ln- (Un)- apw-ss_

DØcw-

1.- (_n)- hm-Kv-`Sm-\µ≥-* A\m-Nm-c c-ln-X-am-bn- H-cp- ]p-Xn-b-tem-Iw- hn-`m-h-\w- sN-bv-X- hm-Kv-`-Sm-\-µ-≥ £-W-sa-gp-t∂¬-∏n-≥ A-\o-Xn-tbm-sS-Xn¿-∏n-≥'- F-∂v- B-lzm-\w- sN-bv-Xp.-

2.- (F)- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ-* AWn-bq¿- t£-X-Øn¬- h-®m-Wv-A-°m-e-Øv- \m-Wp-hm-im-≥ F-∂-dn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂- io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hpw-N-´-ºn-kzm-an-I-fpw- I-≠p-ap-ń-b-Xv.- N-

´-ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ- \m-Wp-hm-im-s\- X-s‚- Kp-cp-hm-b- ssX-°m-Sv- A-ø-bp-sS-k-ao-]-tØ-°v- Iq-ń-s°m-≠p-t]m-bn.-ssX-°m-Sv- A-ø-bn¬- \n-∂m-Wv- \m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp- tbm-K-bp-sS- ]m-T-ßƒ-A-`y-kn-®-Xvv. -

3.- (Un)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-4.- (_n)- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ-

* ¢m-kn-se "tam-Wn- ¿'- AYhm- "N´ºn'-Bbn - \n -tbm -Kn -°s∏´Xn -\m¬-Aø∏≥-]n≈ ]n¬-°m-eØv- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ- F∂v- Adn-bs∏´p.

5.- (kn)- _lv-am-\µin-htbm-Kn-6.- (Un)- ]fin-‰v- Idp-∏≥-

* kaIm-en-I Pm-Xn-hy-hÿsb hn-a¿-in-®p-sIm-≠v- ]fin-‰v- Idp∏≥- cNn-®Ir-Xn-bm-Wv- "Pm-Xn-Ip-Ωn'.-

7.- (kn)- Bep-h* Bep-hbn-se AssZz-Xiaam-bn-cp-∂p- ktΩf\thZn.-

8.- (Un)- CSs°m-®n* ]fin-‰v- Idp-∏≥- A[:ÿn-Xcp-sSt£aØn-\m-bn- cq-]hXv-Icn-® \n-ch[n-]ÿm-\ßfn-sem∂m-Wv- ⁄m-t\m-Zbw- k`.-

9.- (kn)- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ-* _m-lv-aW¿-°v- ]cip-cm-a≥- Zm-\am-bn- \¬-In-b `q-an-bm-Wv- tIcfw- F∂hm-ZsØ Jfin-°p-∂ ]p-kv-XIam-Wv-"]m-No\ aebm-fw'.-

10.- (F)- _mw-•q¿-* 1891em-Wv- Ip-am-cp,- io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hn-s‚- in-jy-\m-b-Xv.- _mw-•q-cn-se-io- Nm-a-cm-tP-µ- kw-kv-Ir-X-tIm-tf-Pn¬- \ym-b-hn-Zym-≥ F-∂- X¿-°-im-kv-X- tIm-gv-kn-\m-Wv- Ip-am-c-\m-im-≥tN¿-∂-Xv.-

IX

1.- Ieym-WZm-bn-\n-k`bp-sS ÿm-]I≥-:(F)- tUm.- ]¬-∏p-(_n)- Ip-am-c\m-im≥-(kn)- ]fin-‰v- Idp-∏≥-(Un)- hm-Kv-`Sm-\µ≥-

2.- ssh°sØ kXym-Kln-Isf io-\mcm-bWKp-cp- kµ¿-in-® h¿-jw-:(F)- 1923- (_n)- 1924(kn)1925 (Un)- 1926

3.- ""kw-LSn-®v- i-‡-cm-Iq,- hn-Zy- t\-Sn- ]-_p-≤-cm-Iq-'-'- F-∂v- B-lzm-\w- sN-bv-X-Xv-:-(F)- Aø¶m-fn- (_n)- hm-Kv-`Sm-\µ≥--(kn)- tUm.- ]¬-∏p-(Un)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-

4.- GXv- h¿-jam-Wv- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-BZy-am-bn- io-e¶ kµ¿-in-®Xv?-(F)- 1918 (_n)- 1920(kn)- 1922 (Un)- 1924

5.- aWºq-¿- tKm-hn-µm-im-s‚ Io-gn¬- Ihn-X A`y-kn-®Xm-cv?-(F)- h≈tØmƒ-(_n)- Ip-am-c\m-im≥-(kn)- Nßºp-g (Un)- D≈q¿-

6.- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- \n-ba\n¿-am-Wk`bn-te°v- \m-a\n¿-tZiw- sNøs∏´ BZy-sØ A[x-ÿn-X kap-Zm-bmw-Kw-:(F)- Sn.-Sn.-tIih≥- im-kv-Xn-(_n)- ]n.-kn.-Nm-©≥-(kn)- ]fin-‰v- Idp-∏≥-(Un)- Aø¶m-fn-

7.- hn.-sI.-Kp-cp-°ƒ-°v- "hm-Kv-`Sm-\µ≥'-F∂ t]cp- \¬-In-bXv-:(F)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-(_n)- Ip-am-c\m-im≥-(kn)- BeØq¿- in-htbm-Kn-(Un)- Aøm- sshIp-Wv-T¿-

8.- tUm.- ]¬-∏p- P\n-® h¿-jw-:(F)- 1863- (_n)- 1856-(kn)- 1873 (Un)- 1878

9.- P\ßƒ- _lp-am-\]p-c cw- "kq-]≠v-Aø'- F∂p-hn-fn-®Xm-scbm-Wv?-(F)- Aøm- sshIp-Wv-T¿-(_n)- Aø¶m-fn-(kn)- sIm-√q¿- Aø∏≥-]n-≈

(Un)- ssX°m-Sv- Aø10.- am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ- "ap-Sn-Nq-Spw- s]cp-amƒ-'-

F∂p- t]cn-´ km-aq-ln-I]cn-jv-I¿-Øm-hv-:(F)- Aøm- sshIp-Wv-T¿-(_n)- Ip-am-c\m-im≥-(kn)- tUm.- ]¬-∏p-(Un)- ]fin-‰v- Idp-∏≥-

DØcw-

1.- (kn)- ]fin-‰v- Idp-∏≥-2.- (_n)- 1924

* ssh°w- kXym - KlIm-eØv -k∂≤`S∑m¿-°v- Xm-akn-°m≥- Kp-cp-Xs‚ sh√q¿- aTw- hn- p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw-km-ºØn-Iklm-bØn-\m-bn- in-hKn-cn-bn¬- ]≠v- Bcw-`n-°p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp.-

3.- (Un)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-* Im-fsbt∏m-se ]Wn-sbSp -°q-;k\ym-kn-sbt∏m-se Po-hn-°q''- F∂p-]d™Xv- tUm.- Aw-t_Zv-I¿.-

4.- (F)- 1918* io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp- kµ¿-in-® GIhn-tZicm-Py-am-Wv- io-e¶.- t_m-[m-\µ≥,- kXyhX≥,- l\p-am≥-Kn-cn,- cm-am-\µ≥,- i¶cm-\µ≥- F∂o- A\p-bm-bn-Ifm-b kzm-an-am¿-s°m-∏am-Wv- Kp-cp-io-e¶bn-seØn-bXv.- 12 Zn-hkØn-\p-tijw- aSßn.-* io-e-¶-bn-se- a-e-bm-fn-I-fp-sS- t£-a-]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ-°m-bn- "-hn-⁄m-t\m-Z-b-tbm-Kw-'- kw-L-Sn-∏n-®v- kzm-an- k-Xy-h-X-s\- A-hn-sS- \n-tbm-Kn-®p.- aq-∂p-sIm-√-tØm-fw- A-t±-lw- A-hn-sS- ]-h¿--Øn-®p.-

5.- (_n)- Ip-am-c\m-im≥-6.- (Un)- Aø¶m-fn-

* s]m-Xp-]h¿-Ø\Øn¬- Xs‚ ]n≥-Km-an-bm-bn- Aø¶mfn- \n-›bn-®n-cp-∂Xv-acp-aI\m-b Sn.-Sn.-tIih≥-im-kv-Xn-sbbm-bn-cp-∂p.-* sIm-®n≥- ]p-ebalm-k`bp-sS BZy-skI´dn-bm-bn-cp-∂p- ]n.-kn.-Nm-©≥.-

7.- (kn)- BeØq¿- in-htbm-Kn-* io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hp-am-bpw- B-e-Øq¿- in-h-tbm-Kn-bp-am-bpw- A-Sp-∏w- ]p-e¿-Øn-bn-cp-∂- km-aq-ln-I- ]-cn-jv-I¿-Øm-h-m-bn-cp-∂p- hm-Kv-`Sm-\µ≥.-

8.- (F)- 18639.- (Un)- ssX°m-Sv- Aø

* Xn-cp-hn-Xm-w-Iq¿- k¿-°m-cn-\p-Io-gn¬-kq-]≠v,- am-t\P¿- Xp-Sßn-b DtZym-Kßƒ- hln-®Xn-\m-em-Wv- C]Im-cw-Adn-bs∏´Xv.-

10.- (F)- Aøm- sshIp-Wv-T¿-* "ap-Sn-Nq-Spw- s]cp-amƒ-'- F∂m¬- "In-co-Sw- Nq-Sn-b hn-jv-Wp'- F∂m-W¿-Yw.-Xm-gv-∂ Pm-Xn-°m¿- C]Im-cw- t]cp-]tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv- bm-Ym-ÿn-Xn-I¿-FXn¿-ØXn-\m¬- Aøm- sshIp-Wv-Tcp-sS am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ-°v- Ip-ń-bp-sSt]cv- "ap-Øp-°pń'- F∂p- at‰≠n-h∂p.-

X

1.- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ- P\n-® ÿew--:(F)- sIm-√q¿- (_n)- ]\v-a\(kn)- sNºg¥n- (Un)- shßm-\q¿-

2.- Xm-sg∏dbp-∂hbn¬- _lv-am-\µ in-htbm-Kn- ÿm-]n-® kw-LS\tbXv?-(F)- Bflhn-Zym-kw-Lw-(_n)- B\µalm-k`(kn)- tbm-Kt£ak`(Un)- km-[p-P\]cn-]m-e\kw-Lw-

3.- GXp- t]cn-ep-≈ t_m-ń¬- k©cn-°shbm-Wv- AXp-adn-™v- Ip-am-c\m-im≥- ap-ßn-acn-®Xv?-(F)- hn-Iv-tSm-dn-b (_n)- ssIcfn-(kn)- sdUo-a¿-(Un)- km-thm- K_n-tb¬-

4.- "aZyw- hn-jam-Wv.- AXp-≠m-°cp-Xv-,- hn¬-

°cp-Xv,- Ip-Sn-°cp-Xv'- C]Im-cw- Dt±in-®Xv-:(F)- ssX°m-Sv- Aø-(_n)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-(kn)- sshIp-Wv-Tkzm-an-Iƒ-(Un)- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ-

5.- ssX°m-Sv- Aøbp-sS bYm¿-Y t]cv:(F)- Aø∏≥- (_n)- tKm-hn-µ≥-(kn)- kp-∫cm-b≥-(Un)- _m-eIr-jv-W≥-

6.- "A`n-\htIcfw'- F∂ ]kn-≤o-IcWw-Bcw-`n-®Xm-cv?-(F)- Ip-am-c\m-im≥- (_n)- hm-Kv- Sm-\µ≥-(kn)- hn.-Sn.-`´Xn-cn-∏m-Sv-(Un)- sI.-tIf∏≥--

7.- "thZm-[n-Im-c\n-cq-]W'-Øn-s‚ I¿-Øm-hv-:(F)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-

- (_n)- BKam-\µ≥-(kn)- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ-(Un)- hm-Kv-`Sm-\µ≥-

8.- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-hn-s\ kµ¿-in-°m-≥-Ign-™Xv- Po-hn-XØn-se G‰hpw- hen-b m-Ky-sa∂v- hn-tijn-∏n-® alm-\m-cv?-(F)- Km-‘n-Pn-(_n)- kn.-F--^v.-B≥-Uq-kv-(kn)- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ-(Un)- cho-µ\m-Yv- Sm-tKm¿--

9.- A[xÿn-X¿-°m-bn- 1904¬- Aø¶m-fn-Fhn-sSbm-Wv- hn-Zym-ebw- ÿm-]n-®Xv?-(F)- hn-gn-™w- (_n)- h¿-°e(kn)- sIm-√w- (Un)- shßm-\q¿-

10.- kaXz-kam-PØn-s‚ ÿm-]I≥-:(F)- tUm.- ]¬-∏p-(_n)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-(kn)- Aøm- sshIp-Wv-T¿-(Un)- ssX°m-Sv- Aø

DØcw-

1.- (F)- sIm-√q¿-* Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw- Pn-√bn-se IÆΩq-ebn-se sIm-√q¿- aTØn-em-Wv- N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ- P\n-®Xv.-

2.- (_n)- B\µalm-k`3.- (kn)- sdUo-a¿-

* h≈tØmƒ,- D≈q¿,- Ip-amc\m-im≥- Dƒ-s∏Sp-∂ Ihn-XbØn-¬-BZyw- Im-ebh\n-°p-≈n¬- ad™Xv-(1924)- Ip-am-c\mim-\m-Wv.-

4.- (_n)- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp-* Cu-ghkap-Zm-bw-Kßƒ- I≈v- sNØv-sXm-gn-en-em-Wv- ][m-\am-bpw- G¿-s∏ń-cp-∂Xv.- AXp-t]£n-®v- hn-Zym-`ym-kw-t\Sm-\pw- hym-]m-c hm-Wn-Py-ßƒ-\SØn- A`n-hr-≤n-s∏Sm-\pw- io-\m-cm-bWKp-cp- Blzm-\w- sNbv-Xp.-

5.- (kn)- kp-∫cm-b≥-* tIcfØn-\p- shfn-bn¬- P\n-®At±lw- ]n¬-°m-eØv- Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw - \KcØn-se ssX°m-S v - F∂ÿew- ]h¿-Ø\tIµan-d°n-bXn-\m¬- ""ssX°m-Sv- Aø'- F∂dn-bs∏´p.-

6.- (_n)- hm-Kv-`Sm-\µ≥-7.- (kn-) N´ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ-8.- (Un)- cho-µ\m-Yv- Sm-tKm¿-

* kn.-F^v-.- B≥-Uq-kpw- SmtKm-dn-s\m-∏ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- kµ¿-i\Øn-s\°p-dn-®v- ]n-∂o-Sv- Sm-tKm¿- Fgp-Xn: ""Rm≥-tem-IØn-s‚ \m-\m-`m -Kßfn-epw -k©cn-®v- hcn-Ibm-Wv.- CXn-\n-sS ]ekn-≤∑m-scbpw- al¿-jn-am-scbpw- I≠n-´p -≠v. - F∂m¬- \m-cm-bWKp-cphn-t\°mƒ- Bb Hcp- alm-flm-hn-s\Fßpw- I≠n-ń-√.-

9.- (Un)- shßm-\q¿-* Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw- Pn-√bn¬- s\øm-‰n≥-Ic Xmeq-°n-em-Wv- shßm-\q¿.-

10.- (kn)- Aøm- sshIp-Wv-T¿-* tIcf NcnXØn-se BZy-sØ km-aq-ln-Ikw-LS\sb∂v- hn-tijn-∏n-°s∏Sp-∂Xv- kaXz-kam-Pam-Wv.-

16 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2014 \hw_¿- 1

1. H∂mw tIcf\nbak`bnse BsIAwKßƒ:(F) 140 (_n) 133(kn) 127 (Un) 126

2. "Ad^ kwKaw-' GXp aXhpambn_‘s∏´XmWv?(F) PqXaXw (_n) C…mwaXw(kn) InkvXpaXw (Un) ]mgvknaXw

3. "tIcf IqjvtNhv-' F∂dnbs∏´Xv:(F) kn.sI.Ipamc∏Wn°¿(_n) Fw.F≥.tKmhnµ≥ \mb¿(kn) Sn.hn.tXmakv(Un) F.sI.tKm]me≥

4. -tI-c-f-kw-ÿm-\-sØ- B-Zy-sØ- tIm-¨-K-kv- ap-Jy-a-¥n-:-(F) ]´w XmWp]n≈(_n) B¿.i¶¿(kn) kn.ANypXtat\m≥(Un) sI.IcpWmIc≥

5. C¥ybn¬ bqtdm]y≥am¿ \n¿an®hbn¬ G‰hpw ]g°ap≈ tIm´(F) ]≈n∏pdw tIm´(_n) A©psXßptIm´(kn) Xet»cnt°m´(Un) t_°¬ tIm´

6. Sn∏p kp¬Øms‚ BIaWsØ]Xntcm[n® XncphnXmwIq¿ Znhm≥:(F) thepØºn(_n) kn.]n.cmakzman Aø¿(kn) cmPm tIihZmkv(Un) sNºIcma≥]n≈

7. ]m¿-e-sa-‚n-s‚- C-cp- k- -I-fp-sS-bpw- kw-bp-‡-k-tΩ-f-\-sØ- cm-jv-S-]-Xn- A- n-kw-t_m-[-\- sN-øp-∂-Xv- F-hn-sS- h-®m-Wv-?-(F) temIvk`bn¬(_n) cmPyk`bn¬(kn) ]m¿esa‚ns‚ sk≥S¬ lmfn¬(Un) kp]owtImSXnbn¬

8. tIcf-Øn¬- tIm-S-Xn-hn-[n-bn-eq-sS- \n-b-a-k-`mw-K-Xzw- e-`n-®- B-Zy- hy-‡n-:-(F) tdmkΩm ]q∂qkv(_n) hn.B¿.IrjvWø¿(kn) Fw.hn.cmLh≥(Un) tUm.F.B¿.tat\m≥

9. G‰hpw ]mNo\amb aebmfw en]n:(F) hs´gpØv (_n) tImsegpØv(kn) Bcy FgpØv (Un) KŸen]n

10. tI-c-f-Øn¬- tem-´-dn- B-cw-`n-®- [-\-a-¥n:(F) ]n.sI.Ip™v(_n) kn.ANypXtat\m≥(kn) Fw.F≥.tKmhnµ≥ \mb¿(Un) DΩ≥ Nm≠n

11. 1921-˛¬ \n-e-hn¬-h-∂- tI-µ- \n-b-a-\n¿-am-W-k-`-bp-sS- B-Zy-sØ- U-]yq-ń- ]-k-nU‚ v:(F) cmtPµ]kmZv(_n) hnØ¬`mbn ]t´¬(kn) B¿.sI.jäpJw sNń(Un) k®nXm\µ kn≥l

12. tem-Iv-k- mw-K-ßƒ- am-X-a-S-ßn-b- I-Ωn-‰-n:(F) FÃnta‰vkv IΩn‰n(_n) ]ªnIv A°u≠vkv IΩn‰n(kn) ]ªnIv A≠¿tS°nMv IΩn‰n(Un) _nkn\kv AssUzkdnIΩn‰n

13. tIcfØn¬ G‰hpw Ipd®p Imew

]co-£m- ]cn-io-e\ tNm-Zy-t]∏dp-Iƒ- ]co-£m- ]cn-io-e\ tNm-Zy-t]∏dp-Iƒ-

a¥nbmbncp∂Xv:(F) Fw.]n.hotcµIpam¿(_n) sI.cm[mIrjvW≥(kn) kn.lcnZmkv(Un) sI.apcfo[c≥

14. tIcfØn¬ D]Xncs™Sp∏n¬]cmPbs∏´ GI a¥n:(F) kn.ANypXtat\m≥(_n) sI.apcfo[c≥(kn) B¿.i¶¿(Un) B¿._meIrjvW]n≈

15. "C°tWmanIv lnÃdn Hm^v C¥y-'cNn®Xv:(F) ZmZm`mbn \htdmPn(_n) B¿.kn.ZØv(kn) B¿.kn.aPqwZm¿(Un) _meKwKm[c XneIv

16. cmPyhym]Iambn Km‘nPn \SØnbBZysØ ]t£m`w:(F) Nºmc≥ kacw(_n) tJU kacw(kn) knhn¬ B⁄mewL\]kvYm\w(Un) \n lIcW ]ÿm\w

17. tIcf \nbak`bn¬ G‰hpwIqSpX¬ _P‰v AhXcn∏n®n´p≈Xv:(F) DΩ≥ Nm≠n(_n) kn. ANypXtat\m≥(kn) tXmakv sFkIv(Un) sI.Fw.amWn

18. temIvk`bn¬ ]Xn]£t\XmhmbBZy h\nX:(F) CµncmKm‘n(_n) Iaem]Xn Xn]mTn(kn) \Pvam sl]vØp≈(Un) tkmWnbm Km‘n

19. C-¥y-≥ ]m¿-e-sa-‚n-s‚- F-√m- k-`-I-fn-epw- Aw-K-am-Im-≥ A-h-k-cw- e-`n-®-G-I- a-e-bm-fn-:-(F) ]\ºn≈n tKmhnµ tat\m≥(_n) ]´w XmWp]n≈(kn) AΩp kzman\mY≥(Un) B\n akvIo≥

20. tIcfØnse BZysØ h\nXmKh¿W¿:(F) cmw Zpemcn kn≥l(_n) tPymXn sh¶nSmNew(kn) ^mØnam_ohn (Un) A∂mNm≠n

21. "¢n^v lukv-' Ct∏mƒ BcpsSHutZymKnI hkXnbmWv?(F) ]Xn]£ t\Xmhv(_n) apJya¥n(kn) kv]o°¿ (Un) Kh¿W¿

22. Izn‰n¥ym kacImeØv Km‘nPnsbFhnsSbmWv XShn¬]m¿∏n®ncp∂Xv?(F) A¬tamd Pbnen¬(_n) b¿hmZ Pbnen¬(kn) Xnlm¿ Pbnen¬(Un) BKmJm≥ ]mekn¬

23. C¥y≥ knhn¬ k¿hokns‚]nXmhv F∂dnbs∏Sp∂ Kh¿W¿P\d¬:(F) U¬lukn(_n) hneyw s_‚nIv(kn) tIm¨hmenkv (Un) sh√…n

24. "Pq¨ tX¿Uv πm≥-' BhnjvIcn®sshtkmbn:

(F) thh¬ (_n) en≥enXvtKm(kn) au≠v_m‰¨(Un) hn√nMvS¨

25. "Ing°ns‚ ]pXn-' F∂dnbs∏´Xv?(F) kncnamthm _µmc\mbsI(_n) X…na \kvdo≥(kn) t_\ko¿ `qt´m(Un) JmenZ knb

26. tIcfØn¬ A[nImcØnencns°A¥cn® BZy a¥n:(F) hn.sI.the∏≥(_n) hn.sI.cmP≥(kn) tUm.F.B¿.tat\m≥(Un) ]n.sI.Ip™v

27. C¥ybn¬ No^v Ce£≥IΩnjWdmbn G‰hpw IqSpX¬Imew tkh\a\pjvTn®Xv:(F) kpIpam¿ sk≥(_n) hn.Fkv.camtZhn(kn) sI.hn.sI.kpµcw(Un) Sn.F≥.tij≥

28. tI-c-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- a-¥n-k- -bn¬-F-X- Aw-K-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-?-(F) 14 (_n) 13(kn) 12 (Un) 11

29. G‰hpw Ipd™ `qcn]£Øn¬tIcf \nbak`mwKambXv:(F) F.F.Akokv(_n) kn.lcnZmkv(kn) hn.B¿.IrjvWø¿(Un) hn.sI.the∏≥

30. H∂mw tIcf\nbak`bn¬C.Fw.Fkv.]Xn\n[m\w sNbvXaWvUew:(F) s]cn¥¬aÆ (_n) IÆq¿(kn) tN¿Øe (Un) \oteizcw

31. H-cp- aq-e-I-Øn-s‚- B-‰-ßƒ-°v- H-tc- A-t‰m-an-I- kw-Jy-bpw- hy-Xy-kv-X- A-t‰m-an-I- am-kpw- D-s≠-¶n¬- A-Xn-s\- hn-fn-°p-∂- t]-cv-:-(F) sFtkmtSm¨(_n) sFtkmtSm∏v(kn) sFtkm_m¿(Un) sFtkm\n^v

32. sFIycmjvSk`bpsSBcwÌmesØ AwK_ew:(F) 26 (_n) 100(kn) 51 (Un) 45

33. temIØn¬ a\pjy≥ ]WnXG‰hpw henb \n¿anXn:(F) _p¿Pv Zp_mbn (_n)Xmbvt]bv 101(kn) s]‚K¨ (Un) h≥aXn¬

34. tIcf \nbak`bpsS NcnXØn¬ÿm\m¿Yn FXncn√msXXncs™Sp°s∏´ GI aWvUew:(F) Cchn]pcw (_n) at©izcw(kn) Infnam\q¿ (Un) tZhnIpfw

35. _m_¿ apX¬ HudwKko_vhscapKƒ NIh¿Ønam¿ FX h¿jwC¥y `cn®p?(F) 182 (_n) 170(kn) 190 (Un) 250

36. aucykmamPyØn\v G‰hpwIqSpX¬ hnkvXrXnbp≠mbncp∂XvBcpsS ImeØmWv?(F) NµKp]vXaucy≥(_n)_nµpkmc≥(kn) AtimI≥ (Un) _lZY≥

37. tIcf \nbak`bpsS NcnXØn¬D]Xncs™Sp∏p \S∂ BZyaWvUew:(F) tZhnIpfw (_n) amf(kn) Ig°p´w (Un) Xr°cn∏q¿

38. "tImbnt\Pv temlßƒ-'F∂dnbs∏Sp∂Xv:(F) sNºv,sh≈n,kz¿Ww(_n) sNºv, Aepan\nbw,knen°¨(kn) kz¿Ww,P¿ta\nbw,sh≈n(Un) kz¿Ww,Ccpºv,sNºv

39. t]m-≠n-t®-cn-bn-se- A-c-hn-µm-i-a-Øn-se- "-A-Ω-'-bp-sS- b-Ym¿-Y-t]cv?(F) am¿Kc‰v Fenk_Øvt\m_nƒ(_n) aUen≥ t…Uv(kn) aocm dn®m¿Uvkv(Un) tacn B·kv

40. ]nXmhns‚ acWtijw AIv_¿FhnsSh®mWvknwlmk\mtcmlWw \SØnbXv?(F) BK (_n) Aa¿tIm´v(kn) Ie\mhp¿(Un) ^tØ]q¿ knIn

41. Phml¿em¬ s\lphns‚ CS°mea¥nk`bn¬ hnZym`ymkhIp∏pssIImcyw sNbvXncp∂Xv:(F) _¬tZhv knMv(_n) kn.cmPtKm]memNmcn(kn) k¿Zm¿ ]t´¬(Un) auem\m BkmZv

42. G‰hpw sXt°b‰sØ \nbak`maWvUew:(F) s\øm‰n≥Ic (_n) ]md»me(kn) s\SpaßmSv (Un) t\aw

43. G‰hpw Ipd®pImewFw.F¬.F.Bbncp∂Xv:(F) kn.lcnZmkv(_n) sI.apcfo[c≥(kn) tdmkΩm ]p∂qkv(Un) Fw.]n.hotc\vZIpam¿

44. G‰hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Im-em-h-[n-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂- tI-c-f- \n-b-a-k-`:(F) \memw \nbak`(_n) A©mw \nbak`(kn) Bdmw \nbak`(Un) Ggmw \nbak`

45. G‰hpw Ipd®p Imew Imew tIcf\nbak`mwKamb h\nX:(F) td®¬ kÆn ]\then(_n) `m¿Khn X¶∏≥(kn) eoem ZmtamZctat\m≥(Un) Fw.Sn.]fl

46. tI-c-f-Øn¬- D-∏p-k-Xym-K-l-Øn-s‚- ]-[m-\-t\-Xm-hm-bn-cp-∂-Xv-:-(F) ]n.IrjvW]n≈(_n) sI.am[h≥amb¿(kn) ]´w XmWp]n≈(Un) sI.tIf∏≥

47. tI-c-f-\n-b-a-k-`-bn¬- Iq-Sp-X¬- a-Wv-U-e-ß-sf- ]-Xn-\n-[m-\w- sN-b-vXXv:(F) sI.IcpWmIc≥(_n) sI.Fw.amWn(kn) Fw.hn.cmLh≥(Un) C.sI.\mb\m¿

48. cmPohv Km\v[n tJ¬cXv\ Ahm¿Uvt\Snb BZy aebmfn:(F) sF.Fw.hnPb≥

sk‰v- ˛1

2014 \hw_¿- 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 17

(_n) ]n.Sn.Dj

(kn) sI.Fw._o\mtamƒ

(Un) ioim¥v

49. `mc-X- c-Xv-\- _-lp-a-Xn-bp-sS- N-cn-X-

Øn¬- H-cn-°¬- am-X-am-Wv- A-Xp- ]-

Jym-]n-®-ti-jw- ]n-≥h-en-®-Xv.- B¿-°v-

]-Jym-]n-®- a-c-Wm-\-¥-c- _-lp-a-Xn-bm-

Wv- hn-hm-Z-sØ-Øp-S¿-∂v- C-]-Im-cw- ]n-

≥hen®Xv?

(F) k¿Zm¿ ]t´¬

(_n) tUm.Awt_ZvI¿

(kn) kp`mjv Nµt_mkv

(Un) AcpW Ak^v Aen

50. GXp ZriyIem]ÿm\Øns‚

kmlnXycq]amWv B´°Y?

(F) Hm´≥ Xp≈¬

(_n) ]SbWn

(kn) tamln\nbm´w (Un) IYIfn

51. tIcf \nbak`bpsS NcnXØnse

G‰hpw ]mbw Ipd™ AwKw:

(F) B¿._meIrjvW]n≈

(_n) amXyp Sn.tXmakv

(kn) sI.IcpWmIc≥

(Un) ctaiv sN∂nØe

52. Iqdpam‰ \ntcm[\ \nbaØneqsS

AwKXzw \jvSs∏´ BZy

Fw.F¬.F.:

(F) B¿._meIrjvW]n≈

(_n) Fw.hn.cmLh≥

(kn) sI.B¿.Kucn

(Un) ]n.sP.tPmk^v

53. sIm®n,- Xn-cp-˛-sIm-®n,- tI-c-f-\n-b-a-k-`-

I-fn-epw- tem-Iv-k-`-bn-epw- cm-Py-k-`-bn-

epw- Aw-K-am-Im-≥ A-h-k-cw- e-`n-®- G-

I- hy-‡n-:-

(F) ]\ºn≈n tKmhnµtat\m≥

(_n) B\n akvIo≥

(kn) sI.IcpWmIc≥

(Un) kn.F®v.aplΩZv tImb

54. AJnte¥ym tSUv bqWnb≥

tIm¨Knkns‚ BZy ktΩf\Øn¬

A[y£X hln®Xv?

(F) emem ePv]Xv dmbn

(_n) Uªyp.kn._m\¿Pn

(kn) kptcµ\mYv _m\¿Pn

(Un) Fw.F≥.tdmbv

55. G‰hpw P\kmµX IqSnb cmPyw:

(F) knwK∏q¿ (_n) amteZzo]v

(kn) samWmt°m (Un) hØn°m≥

56. Hcp t\mń°¬ ssa¬ FX

ao‰dmWv?

(F) 1609 (_n) 1825

(kn) 1852 (Un) 1690

57. "a™°S¬' GXp kapZØns‚

`mKamWv?

(F) C¥y≥ almkapZw

(_n) ]k^nIv kapZw

(kn) AXvem‚nIv kapZw

(Un) B¿ńIv kapZw

58. tIcf-Øn-em-Zy-am-bn- C-e-Iv-tSm-Wn-Iv- thm-

ń-Mv- sa-jo-≥ D-]-tbm-Kn-®- afi-ew:

(F) ]dhq¿ (_n) t\aw

(kn) Bd∑pf (Un) Nme°pSn

59. Hcp aWvUeØn¬\n∂pXs∂

G‰hpw IqSpX¬ ]mhiyw

hnPbn®Xv:

(F) DΩ≥ Nm≠n

(_n) sI.Fw.amWn

(kn) sI.B¿.KucnbΩ

(Un) sI.sI.\mb¿

60. "Kpcphmbq¿ kXymKl'Øn\p

t\XrXzw \¬InbXv-?

(F) Sn.sI.am[h≥

(_n) N´ºnkzmanIƒ

(kn) sI.]n.tIihtat\m≥

(Un) sI.tIf∏≥

61. tIcfØn¬ G‰hpw IqSpX¬ Imew

]Xn]£ t\Xmhmbncp∂Xv:

(F) C.sI.\mb\m¿

(_n) Sn.sI.cmaIrjvW≥

(kn) C.Fw.Fkv.

(Un) sI.IcpWmIc≥

62. "]ńWnPmY-' \bn®Xmcv?

(F) hn.Sn.`´Xncn∏mSv (_n)

F.sI.tKm]me≥

(kn) sI.tIf∏≥ (Un) a∂Øv

]Zva\m`≥

63. tIcfØn¬ D∏pkXymKlØns‚

][m\thZnbmbncp∂Xv:

(F) ]ø∂q¿ (_n) H‰∏mew

(kn) Be∏pg (Un) ]p∂]

64. C¥ybneqsS amXw

HgpIp∂hbn¬ Ad_n°Sen¬

]Xn°p∂ G‰hpw \ofw IqSnb \Zn:

(F) X]vXn (_n) \¿aZ

(kn) k_¿aXn (Un) s]cnbm¿

65. "Ing°ns‚ _n´¨-'

F∂dnbs∏Sp∂ cmPyw:

(F) \yqkne≥Uv (_n) P∏m≥

(kn) kzoU≥ (Un) Xmbve≥Uv

66. InkvXpaXØn\v HutZymKnI

AwKoImcw \¬Inb NIh¿Øn:

(F) AeIvkm≠¿ (_n)

Pqenbkv kok¿

(kn) ssIk¿ (Un)

tIm¨Ãss‚≥

67. GXp cmPyØns‚ Gjy≥

`mKamWv "Gjymssa\¿-'

F∂dnbs∏Sp∂Xv?

(F) tPm¿Pnb (_n) Xp¿°n

(kn) djy (Un)

IkmJvÿm≥

68. "Iøq¿ kacw-' \S∂ h¿jw:

(F) 1943 (_n) 1939

(kn) 1941 (Un) 1940

69. XncphnXmwIq¿ NcnXØnse

]kn≤amb "cmP[m\n am¿®n\p-'

t\XrXzw \¬Inb h\nX:

(F) B\n akvIo≥

(_n) A°mΩ sNdnbm≥

(kn) tdmkΩm ]q∂qkv

(Un) tXm´bv°m´v am[hnbΩ

70. aøgnbpsS tamN\Øn\p t\XrXzw

\¬InbXv:

(F) sI.tIf∏≥

(_n) sF.sI.Ipamc≥

(kn) kn.IrjvW≥ \mb¿

(Un) samømcØv i¶c≥

71. "hntamN\ kacw-' \S∂ h¿jw:

(F) 1957 (_n) 1958

(kn) 1959 (Un) 1960

72. "hntamN\kac-'Øns‚ ][m\

t\Xmhv:

(F) a∂Øv ]Zva\m`≥

(_n) F.sP.tPm¨

(kn) kn.tIih≥ (Un)

C°≠hmcy¿

73. "]menbw kXymKlw-' \S∂ h¿jw:

(F) 1947˛48 (_n) 1924˛25

(kn) 1931˛32 (Un) 1945˛46

74. "ssh°w kXymKl-'kabØv

ssh°wapX¬ Xncph\¥]pcwhsc

kh¿WPmY \bn®Xv:

(F) Sn.sI.am[h≥ (_n) a∂Øv

]Zva\m`≥

(kn) ]´w XmWp]n≈

(Un) sI.]n.tIihtat\m≥

75. tIcf \nbak`bnse BZysØ

kv]o°¿:

(F) Abnjm `mbn

(_n) i¶c\mcmbW≥ Xºn

(kn) ]n.Sn.Nmt°m

(Un) sI.Fw.koXn kmln_v

76. ]m¬ ssXcmIp∂ ]h¿Ø\w:

(F) tkmƒUn^nt°j≥

(_n) Chm∏tdj≥

(kn) ]mkvNpssdtkj≥(Un) s^¿sat‚j≥

77. "]mW\mYs\\n°p Xs∂mcp]cam\µcksØ-' F∂p hcnIƒXpSßp∂ Km\w cNn®Xv?(F) CcbnΩ≥ Xºn(_n) cmPmcmPh¿a(kn) kzmXn Xncp\mƒ(Un) DÆmbn hmcy¿

78. `qanbpsS Np‰fhv FX ssa¬BWv?(F) 12756 (_n) 40000(kn) 24900 (Un) 6374

79. 1539-˛se Nuk, 1540˛se I\uPvbp≤ßfn¬ ]cmPbs∏´`cWm[nImcn:(F) AIv_¿ (_n) sj¿jm(kn) lpabq¨ (Un) _m_¿

80. tIcf \nbak`mwKambn BZywXncs™Sp°s∏´Xv:(F) Fw.Dtajv dmhp(_n) tdmkΩm ]p∂qkv(kn) tUm.F.B¿.tat\m≥(Un) C.Fw.Fkv.

81. tIcfØnseBZysØ s]mXpXncs™Sp∏n¬ IaypWnÃv ]m¿ńFX ko‰v t\Sn?(F) 70 (_n) 64(kn) 60 (Un) 43

82. tIcfØnse BZya¥nk`bn¬kzX¥≥am¿ FXt]cp≠mbncp∂p?(F) 5 (_n) 3(kn) 1 (Un) 2

83. tIcfØnse BZy a¥nk`bn¬ap≥`cW]cnNbw D≠mbncp∂ GIhy‡n?:(F) C.Fw.Fkv.(_n) tUm.F.B¿.tat\m≥(kn) Sn.hn.tXmakv(Un) kn.ANypXtat\m≥

84. tIcfØnse BZy a¥nk`bnsedh\yq, FIvsskkv a¥n:(F) sI.kn.tPm¿Pv(_n) kn.ANypXtat\m≥(kn) sI.B¿.Kucn(Un) ]n.sI.NmØ≥ amÃ¿

85. 1857˛se H∂mwkzmX¥ykacØns‚]cmPbtijw \m\m kmtl_vGXp cmPytØ°mWv c£s∏´Xv?(F) t\∏mƒ (_n) aym≥a¿(kn) A^vKm\nÿm≥ (Un) `q´m≥

86. "sX°p\n∂p≈ tbm≤mhv-'F∂dnbs∏´ kzmX¥ykactk\m\n:(F) Fkv.kXyaq¿Øn(_n) kn.cmPtKm]memNmcn(kn) sI.ImacmPv(Un) C.hn.cmakzman \mbv°¿

87. tIcfØnse BZysØa¥nk`bn¬ B`y¥chIp∏pssIImcyw sNbvXncp∂Xv:(F) Sn.F.aPoZv (_n) Sn.hn.tXmakv(kn) hn.B¿.IrjvWø¿(Un) sI.]n.tKm]me≥

88. tIcf hnZym`ymk _n√ns‚ in¬]n:(F) tPmk^v ap≠t»cn(_n) C.Fw.Fkv.(kn) hn.B¿.IrjvWø¿(Un) kn.ANypXtat\m≥

89. tIcfØnse BZysØKXmKX˛sXmgn¬ hIp∏p a¥n:(F) Sn.hn.tXmakv(_n) ]n.sI.NmØ≥ amÃ¿(kn) sI.B¿.Kucn(Un) Sn.F.aPoZv

90. ]ªnIv A°u≠vkv IΩn‰nbn¬FX cmPyk`mwKßƒ D≠v?

(F) 15 (_n) 7(kn) 22 (Un) 30

91. temIvk`bn¬ t]mt´w kv]o°sd\nban°p∂Xmcv?(F) temIvk`m skI´dn P\d¬(_n) cmjvS]Xn(kn) ap≥ kv]o°¿(Un) ][m\a¥n

92. Iqdpam‰\nba]Imcw Hcp]m¿ńbn¬ ]nf¿∏p≠mbXmbnAwKoIcn°p∂Xv BZysØ]m¿ńbpsS\nbak`mI£nbn¬\n∂v .. .. .. ..¬ IpdbmØ AwKßƒhn´pt]mIptºmgmWv.(F) aq∂nsem∂n¬(_n) \mensem∂n¬(kn) A©nsem∂n¬ (Un) ]IpXn

93. C.Fw.Fkv a¥nk`sb tIµw]ncn®phn´ XobXn:(F) 1959 Pqsse1(_n) 1959 Pqsse 13(kn) 1959 Pqsse 15(Un) 1959 Pqsse 31

94. ^©v CuÃn¥ym°º\nÿm]nXamb h¿jw:(F) 1664 (_n) 1668(kn) 1600 (Un) 1603

95. C¥ybn¬ cWw ÿm]n® BZysØbqtdm]y≥ cmPyw:(F) _n´¨(_n) ^m≥kv(kn) t]m¿®pK¬(Un) sU∑m¿°v

96. "hntamN-\- k-a-c-'-Øn-\v- B-cp-sS- ]-kw-K-Øn¬-\n-∂m-Wv- B- t]-cp- e-`n-®-Xv-:-(F) B¿.i¶¿(_n) a∂Øv ]Zva\m`≥(kn) ]\ºn≈n tKmhnµtat\m≥(Un) ]n.Sn.Nmt°m

97. tIcf-Øn-se- B-Zy- ]-Xn-]-£-t\Xmhv:(F) ]\ºn≈n tKmhnµtat\m≥(_n) ]´w XmWp]n≈(kn) B¿.i¶¿ (Un) ]n.Sn.Nmt°m

98. "hntamN\ kac-'ImeØvsI.]n.kn.kn.]knU‚mbncp∂Xv:(F) B¿.i¶¿ (_n) ]n.Sn.Nmt°m(kn) ]\ºn≈n tKmhnµtat\m≥(Un) Chcmcpa√

99. "-tem-I-Øn-s‚- m-j-≥ X-e-ÿm-\w-'- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-:-(F) e≠≥ (_n) ]mcokv(kn) \yqtbm¿°v(Un) tamkvtIm

100. ]©mbØvcmPv kwhn[m\w\S∏m°nb BZy Z£ntW¥y≥kwÿm\w:(F) tIcfw (_n) I¿WmSIw(kn) B‘m]tZiv

(Un) Xangv\mSv

Answers

1 (c) 2 (b) 3 (b) 4 (b) 5 (a) 6 (c) 7 (c) 8(b) 9 (a) 10 (a) 11 (d) 12 (a) 13 (a) 14(b) 15 (b) 16 (d)17 (d) 18 (d)19 (c) 20(b) 21 (b) 22 (d)23 (c)24 (c)25 (c)26(a)27 (c)28 (d)29 (a)30 (d)31 (b)32(c)33 (d)34 (b)35 (a)36 (c)37 (a)38(a)39 (c) 40 (c)41 (b)42 (a)43 (a)44(a)45 (a)46 (d)47 (c)48 (c) 49 (c)50(d)51 (a)52 (a)53 (c)54 (a)55 (c)56(c)57 (b)58 (a)59 (b)60 (d) 61 (c)62(b)63 (a)64 (b)65 (b)66 (d)67 (b)68(c)69 (b)70 (b)71 (c)72 (a)73 (a)74(b)75 (b)76 (d)77 (a)78 (c)79 (c)80(a)81 (c)82 (b)83 (b)84 (c)85 (a)86(b)87 (c)88 (a)89 (a)90 (b)91 (b)92(a)93 (d)94 (a)95 (c)96 (c) 97 (d)98(a)99 (b)100 (c)

18 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2014 \hw_¿- 1

-(Un-)- F.-sI.-B-‚-Wn-17.- tI-c-f-Øn¬- \n-b-a-k- mw-K-am-bn- G-‰-hpw-

Iq-Sp-X¬- Im-ew- Xp-S¿-∂-Xv-:--(F-)- sI.-B¿.-Ku-cn- -(_n-)- sI.-Fw.-am-Wn--(kn-)- D-Ω-≥ Nm-≠n- --(Un-)- B¿.-_m-e-Ir-jv-W-]n-≈-

18.- -tI-c-f-Øn¬- ap-Jy-a-¥n,- D-]-ap-Jy-a-¥n,-kv-]o-°¿,-tem-Iv-k-`mw-Kw- Xp-S-ßn-b-]-Z-hn-Iƒ- h-ln-®- G-I- hy-‡n-:--(F-)- kn.-F-®v.-ap-l-Ω-Zv- tIm-b- --(_n-)- h-°w- ]p-cp-tjm-Ø-a-≥-(kn-)- sI.-I-cp-Wm-I-c-≥

- (Un-)- F.-sI.-B-‚-Wn-19.- -G-‰-hpw- Ip-d-™- ]m-b-Øn¬- tI-c-f- ap-

Jy-a-¥n-bm-b-Xv-:--(F-)- B¿.-i-¶¿- (_n-)- C.-sI.-\m-b-\m¿--(kn-)- F.-sI.-B-‚-Wn -(Un-)- C.-Fw.-F-kv.-

20.- a-lm-flm-Km-\v-[n- Z-£n-Wm-^n-°-bn-se-Xm-a-kw- a-Xn-bm-°n- C-¥y-bn¬- Xn-cn-s®-Øn-b- h¿-jw-:--(F-)- 1914 -(_n-)- 1917-(kn-)- 1915 -(Un-)- 1916

21.- -Im-em-h-[n- ]q¿-Øn-bm-°n-b- B-Zy-sØ-tI-c-f- ap-Jy-a-¥n-:--(F-)- C.-Fw.-F-kv.--(_n-)- kn.-A-Nyp-X-ta-t\m-≥-(kn-)- sI.-I-cp-Wm-I-c-≥-(Un-)- C.-sI- \m-b-\m¿-

22.- "-A-jv-Smw-K-am¿-Kw-'- G-Xp- a-X-hp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-?--(F-)- ssP-\-a-Xw- -(_n-)- _p-≤-a-Xw--(kn-)- Pq-X-a-Xw- -(Un-)- ln-µp-a-Xw-

23.- kp-J-hm-k-tI-µ-am-b- ap-kq-dn- G-Xp- kw-ÿm-\-Øm-Wv-?--(F-)- D-Ø¿- ]-tZ-iv- -(_n-)- D-Ø-cm-J-Wv-Uv--(kn-)- ln-am-N¬- ]-tZ-iv- -(Un-)- P-Ωp- I-iv-ao¿-

24.- "-Hm-tdm-f-Pn-'- F-¥n-s\-°p-dn-®p-≈- ]-T-\-am-Wv-?--(F-)- [m-Xp-°ƒ- -(_n-)- ]m-d-Iƒ--(kn-)- ]¿-h-X-ßƒ- -(Un-)- \-Zn-Iƒ-

25.- tI-c-f-Øn¬- k-`-bv-°p-]p-d-Øv- k-Xy-]-Xn-P-v-R- sN-bv-X- G-I- Aw-Kw-:--(F-)- Fw.-N-µ-≥ -(_n-)- F.-F.-A-ko-kv--(kn-)- a-Øm-bn- Nm-t°m- -(Un-)- hn.-B¿.-Ir-jv-W-ø¿-

26.- tem-I-Øv- G-‰-hpw- D-b-c-Øn¬- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂- ]-´-Ww-:-(F-)- sh-≥Np-hm-≥ -(_n-)- em-]m-kv-(kn-)- em-k- -(Un-)- eo-Uv-hn-√n-

27.- k¿-Zm¿- ]-t´¬- tÃ-Un-bw- F-hn-sS- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂p-?--(F-)- apw-ss_- -(_n-)- Km-‘n-\-K¿--(kn-)- kq-d-‰v- -(Un-)- A-l-Ω-Zm-_m-Zv-

28.- "-]-c-a-ho-c-N-Iw-'- cq-]-I¬-]-\- sN-bv-X-Xv-?--(F-)- ]nw-K-en- sh-¶-ø- -(_n-)- km-hn-Xn- J-t\m-e-¶¿--(kn-)- Nmƒ-kv- sIm-dn-b- -(Un-)- \-µ-em¬- t_m-kv-

29.- a-te-dn-b-bv-°p- Im-c-W-am-b- Po-hn-:--(F-)- Iyq-e-Iv-kv- sIm-Xp-Iv- --(_n-)- A-t\m-^n-e-kv- sIm-Xp-Iv--(kn-)- πm-kv-tam-Un-bw- -(Un-)- ssh-d-kv-

30.- "-t_mw-s_- U-°v-'- F-∂m¬- H-cp- X-cw- -˛-˛-˛- B-Wv-:--(F-)- a-’yw- -(_n-)- \o¿-°p-Xn-c--(kn-)- B-a- -(Un-)- A-c-b-∂w-

31.- B-Zy-am-bn- hm-Iv-kn-t\-j-≥ I-≠p-]n-Sn-®-Xm-cv-?--(F-)- eq-bn- ]m-Ã¿ --(_n-)- sdm-Wmƒ-Uv- tdm-kv--(kn-)- F-tUz¿-Uv- sP-∂¿- --(Un-)- eyq-h-≥tlm-°v-

32.- kn-^n-en-kv- F-∂- tcm-K-Øn-\p- Im-c-W-am-b- A-Wp-:--(F-)- s\-bv-tk-dn-b- -(_n-)- Sn-t∏m-\n-a- ]-√n-Un-bw--(kn-)- ssa-t°m-_m-Iv-So-cn-bw- -

-(Un-)- πm-kv-tam-Un-bw- ssh-hm-Iv-kv-33.- sIm-_mƒ-´v- A-S-ßn-b- ssh-‰-an-≥:-

-(F-)- hn-‰m-an-≥ _n- 1-(_n-)- hn-‰m-an-≥ _n- 2-(kn-)- hn-‰m-an-≥ _n- 6 -(Un-)- hn-‰m-an-≥ _n- 12

34.- hm-Iv-kn-t\-j-\n-eq-sS- q-ap-J-Øp-\n-∂p- \n¿-am¿-P-\w- sN-bv-X- B-Zy-sØ- tcm-Kw-:--(F-)- t]m-fn-tbm- -(_n-)- kv-amƒ- t]m-Iv-kv--(kn-)- Nn-°-≥ t]m-Iv-kv- -(Un-)- Ip-jv-Tw-

35.- D-d-°-Kp-fn-I-I-fn¬- km-[m-c-W-am-bn- A-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂- cm-k-h-kv-Xp-:--(F-)- _m¿-_n-Syp-td-‰v- --(_n-)- km-en-ssk-en-Iv- B-kn-Uv--(kn-)- Bw-^n-‰m-an-\p-Iƒ--(Un-)- s]-\n-sk-en-≥

36.- G-Xv- k-ky-Øn¬-\n-∂m-Wv- tam¿-^n-≥D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv-?--(F-)- t]m-∏n- -(_n-)- kn-t¶m-W--(kn-)- B-S-tem-S-Iw- -(Un-)- B-h-W-°v-

37.- B-‚n- -s]-√m-K- ssh-‰-an-≥ F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-:--(F-)- ssd-t_m-^v-fm-hn-≥-(_n-)- \n-bm-kn-≥-(kn-)- X-b-an-≥ (Un-)- ]n-cn-tUm-Iv-kn-≥

38.- G-Xp- hw-i-Øn-se- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fm-Wv- ta-a-eq-Iv- kp¬-Øm-≥am¿- F-∂p-a-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-?--(F-)- Jn¬-Pn- -(_n-)- k-øn-Zv--(kn-)- tem-[n- -(Un-)- A-Sn-a-

39.- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sn-b- ]m-b-Øn¬- `m-c-X-c-Xv-\- _-lp-a-Xn-°v- A¿-l-\m-b-X-v-?--(F-)- kn.-cm-P-tKm-]m-em-Nm-cn- --(_n-)- hn-t\m-_m-`m-sh--(kn-)- Un.-sI.-Im¿-sh- --(Un-)- P-hm-l¿-em¬- s\-lp-

40.- F-Un-k-¨- P-\n-®- ]-´-Ww-:--(F-)- an-em-≥ -(_n-)- jn-°m-tKm--(kn-)- sI-‚-°n- -(Un-)- t_m-Ã-¨-

41.- tem-I- an-X-hy-b- Zn-\w-:--(F-)- H-Iv-tSm-_¿- 1 -(_n-)- H-Iv-tSm-_¿- 24-(kn-)- H-Iv-tSm-_¿- 2 -(Un-)- H-Iv-tSm-_¿- 30

42.- Kp-P-dm-Øn-se- "-D-Uzm-U-'- G-Xp- a-X-°m-cp-sS- B-cm-[-\m-e-b-am-Wv-?--(F-)- ap-…nw- -(_n-)- ssP-\¿--(kn-)- ]m-gv-kn- -(Un-)- _p-≤-

43.- tI-c-f-N-cn-X-Øn¬- s]-cp-º-S-∏v- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- cm-P-hw-iw-:--(F-)- A-d-bv-°¬- -(_n-)- sIm-®n--(kn-)- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- -(Un-)- I-Æq¿-

44.- tI-c-f- km-ln-Xy- A-°m-Z-an-bp-sS- B-Zy-sØ- D-]m-[y-£-≥:--(F-)- k¿-Zm¿- sI.-Fw.-]-Wn-°¿- --(_n-)- h-≈-tØmƒ- \m-cm-b-W-ta-t\m-≥-(kn-)- X-I-gn- in-h-i-¶-c-∏n-≈- --(Un-)- sI.-]n.-tI-i-h-ta-t\m-≥

45.- ]m-e-°m-Sv- tIm-´- \n¿-an-®-Xv-:--(F-)- tIm-an- A-®-≥ (_n-)- km-aq-Xn-cn--(kn-)- Sn-∏p- kp¬-Øm-≥ -(Un-)- ssl-Z-c-en-

46.- tI-c-f- Im¿-jn-I- k¿-h-I-em-im-e-bp-sS-t]m-˛-Nm-≥k-e¿-:--(F-)- K-h¿-W¿- -(_n-)- ap-Jy-a-¥n--(kn-)- hn-Zym-`ym-k- a-¥n- -(Un-)- Ir-jn- a-¥n-

47.- Xm-g-∏-d-bp-∂-h-bn¬- G-Xn-s‚- A-[y-£-]-Z-hn-bm-Wv- F-Iv-kv-˛-H-^n-tjym- A-√m-Ø-Xv-?--(F-)- πm-\n-Mv- I-Ωn-j-≥ -(_n-)- ^n-\m-≥kv- I-Ωn-j-≥-(kn-)- \m-j-W¬- U-h-e-]v-sa-‚ v- Iu-¨-kn¬- (Un-)- cm-Py-k-`-

48.- a-\p-jy-s‚- ap-J-sØ- A-ÿn-I-fp-sS- F-Æw-:--(F-)- 22 -(_n-)- 7-(kn-)- 8 -(Un-)- 14

49.- 1971 -se- C-¥y- -]m-Iv- bp-≤-Im-e-Øv- C-¥y-bp-sS- k¿-h-ssk-\ym-[n-]-\m-bn-cp-∂-Xv-?--(F-)- sI.-Fw.-I-cn-b-∏- -

(_n-)- kmw- a-t\-£--(kn-)- sP.-F-kv.-A-tdm-d- -(Un-)- C-h-cm-cp-a-√-

50.- tI-c-f-\n-b-a-k-`-bp-sS- B-Zy-sØ- t]m-t´w- kv-]o-°¿-?--(F-)- sI.-H.-A-bn-jm-`m-bn- --(_n-)- tdm-k-Ωm- ]p-∂q-kv--(kn-)- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W-≥ X-ºn- --(Un-)- ko-Xn- km-ln-∫v-

51.- "-t]m-bn-‚ v- Im-en-sa¿-'- h-\y-Po-hn- k-t¶-Xw- G-Xp- kw-ÿm-\-Øm-Wv-?--(F-)- Kp-P-dm-Øv- -(_n-)- X-an-gv-\m-Sv--(kn-)- B-‘m-]-tZ-iv- (Un-)- I¿-Wm-S-Iw-

52.- C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- tSm-´¬- _m-¶n-Mv- tÃ-‰v-?--(F-)- l-cn-bm-W- -(_n-)- ]-©m-_v--(kn-)- tI-c-fw- -(Un-)- B-‘m-]-tZ-iv-

53.- kp-h¿-W-t£-Xw- \n¿-an-°m-≥ kn-°p-Im¿-°v- ÿ-ew- \¬-In-b- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-:--(F-)- _m-_¿- -(_n-)- lp-a-bq-¨--(kn-)- P-lmw-Ko¿- -(Un-)- A-Iv-_¿-

54.- "-sd-Uv- tIm-kv-'- ÿm-]n-°-s∏- - h¿-jw-:--(F-)- 1836 -(_n-)- 1878-(kn-)- 1868 -(Un-)- 1863

55.- C-¥y-≥kw-ÿm-\-Øv- ap-Jy-a-¥n-]-Z-Øn-se-Øn-b- B-Zy-sØ- kz-X-¥-≥:--(F-)- ]-^p-√- tLm-jv- -(_n-)- _n-iz-\m-Yv- Zm-kv--(kn-)- F-^v.-F.-tJm-Mv-emw- -(Un-)- a-[p- tIm-U-

56.- G-Xp- h¿-j-am-Wv- hm-d-≥ tl-Ãn-Mv-kv-C-¥y-bp-sS- H-∂m-a-sØ- K-h¿-W¿- P-\-d¬- B-b-Xv-?--(F-)- 1772 -(_n-)- 1773-(kn-)- 1774 -(Un-)- 1784

57.- tI-c-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- D-b-cw- Iq-Sn-b- sIm-Sp-ap-Sn-bm-b- B-\-ap-Sn-bp-sS- D-b-cw-:--(F-)- 2817 ao.- -(_n-)- 2695 ao.--(kn-)- 2842 ao.- -(Un-)- 2718 ao.-

58.- 1953˛-se- tem-I-I-Ym-a¬-k-c-Øn¬- k-Ωm-\w- t\-Sn-b- Fw.-Sn.-hm-kp-tZ-h-≥\m-b-cp-sS- I-Y-?--(F-)- Hm-f-hpw- Xo-c-hpw- -(_n-)- h-f¿-Øp-ar-K-ßƒ--(kn-)- c-≠m-aq-gw- -(Un-)- \n¿-am-eyw-

59.- am-Kv-k-tk- A-hm¿-Uv- tP-Xm-°ƒ-°p-\¬-Ip-∂- Zn-h-kw-;--(F-) -Un-kw-_¿-10 -(_n-)- Hm-K-kv-Xv- 31-(kn-)- Hm-K-kv-Xv- 10 -(Un-)- P-\-h-cn- 1

60.- C-¥y-≥ ]m¿-e-sa-‚-dn- Kq-∏n-s‚- F-Iv-kv-˛-H-^o-tjym- ]-kn-U-‚ v-:--(F-)-]-[m-\-a-¥n- -(_n-)- D-]-cm-jv-S-]-Xn--(kn-)- tem-Iv-k-`m- kv-]o-°¿- -(Un-)- tem-Iv-k-`m- ]-Xn-]-£-t\-Xm-hv-

61.- hn.-F-kv.-\-bv-]m¬- G-Xp- cm-Py-Øm-Wv-P-\n-®-Xv-?--(F-)- _n-´-¨- -(_n-)- Sn-\n-Um-Uv--(kn-)- C-¥y- -(Un-)- ^n-Pn-

62.- an-kv- thƒ-Uv- In-co-S-a-Wn-™- c-≠m-a-sØ- C-¥y-≥ h-\n-X-:--(F-)- do-Ø- ^-cn-b- -(_n-)- kp-kv-an-X- sk-≥-(kn-)- U-bm-\- sl-bv-U-≥ --(Un-)- sF-iz-cy- dm-bv-

63.- sF-Iy-cm-jv-S- s]m-Xp-k- -bp-sS- hm¿-jn-I- k-tΩ-f-\w- B-cw-`n-°p-∂- am-kw-?--(F-)- P-\-h-cn- -(_n-)- G-]n¬--(kn-)- Pq-¨- -(Un-)- sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

64.- G-Xp- Zn-h-k-am-Wv- Cu-Ã¿- B-tLm-jn-°p-∂-Xv-?--(F-)- hym-gw- -(_n-)- sh-≈n--(kn-)- i-\n- -(Un-)- Rm-b¿-

65.- ]r-Yzn- an-ssk-en-s‚- \m-hn-I-∏-Xn-∏n-s‚-t]-cv-:--(F-)- kq-cy- -(_n-)- \m-Kv--(kn-)- [-\p-jv- -(Un-)- ]n-\m-I-

66.- C-¥y-bn¬- C-t∏mƒ- \n-e-hn-ep-≈-^v-fm-Kv- tIm-Uv- G-Xp- h¿-j-am-Wv- \n-e-hn¬-h-∂-Xv-?-

sk‰v- ˛2

1. a°m-hp- F-∂- ]-tZ-iw- C-t∏mƒ- G-Xp-cm-Py-Øn-s‚- ]-tXy-I- `-c-W- ]-tZ-i-am-Wv-?--(F-)- t]m¿-®p-K¬- -(_n-)- _n-´-¨--(kn-)- ssN-\- -(Un-)- bp.-F-kv.-F.-

2.- -˛-˛-˛-˛-˛- s‚- ]-cm-P-b-ti-j-am-Wv- Izn-‰n-¥ym- k-a-cw- B-cw-`n-®-Xv-?--(F-)- Iym-_n-\-‰v- an-j-≥ -(_n-)- ssk-a-¨- I-Ωn-j-≥-(kn-)- In-]v-kv- an-j-≥ -(Un-)- l-≠¿-I-Ωn-j-≥

3.- -C-¥y-≥ -c-W-L-S-\- \n-b-a-\n¿-am-W- \-S-]-Sn-I-a-ß-fn¬- G-Xp- cm-Py-sØ-bm-Wv-am-Xr-I-bm-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv-?--(F-)- bp.-F-kv.-F.- -(_n-)- _n-´-¨--(kn-)- A-b¿-e-≥Uv- -(Un-)- Im-\-U-

4.- -tI-µ-k¿-°m-cn-s\-bpw- kw-ÿm-\- k¿-°m-cn-s\-bpw- X-Ωn¬- _-‘n-∏n-°p-∂- I-Æn- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-?--(F-)- kv-]o-°¿- -(_n-)- ap-Jy-a-¥n--(kn-)- No-^v- sk-I-´-dn- -(Un-)- K-h¿-W¿-

5.- -P-e-Øn-s‚- F-X- i-X-am-\-am-Wv- Hm-Iv-kn-P-≥?--(F-)- 66.-6 -(_n-)- 50-(kn-)- 87.-5 -(Un-)- 89

6.- - q-a-[y-tc-J-tbm-Sv- G-‰-hpw- A-Sp-Øp- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂- C-¥y-≥ ]-tZ-iw-:--(F-)- tI-c-fw- -(_n-)- e-£-Zzo-]v--(kn-)- B-≥U-am-≥ -(Un-)- \n-t°m-_m¿-

7.- `q-an-bp-sS- Np-‰-f-hv- B-Zy-am-bn- I-W-°m-°n-b-Xv-:--(F-)- ln-∏m¿-°-kv- (_n-)- K-eo-en-tbm--(kn-)- a-K-√-≥ -(Un-)- C-dm-tØm-kv-X-\o-kv-

8.- "-\n-ln-en-kw-'- F-∂- Zm¿-i-\n-I- ]-ÿm-\w- G-Xp- cm-Py-Øm-Wv- D-cp-Øn-cn-™-Xv-?--(F-)- d-jy- -(_n-)- C-k-tb¬--(kn-)- ^m-≥kv- -(Un-)- C-‰-en-

9.- - _n-´-s‚- B-Zy-sØ- ]-[m-\-a-¥n-:--(F-)- tdm-_¿-´v- hmƒ-t]mƒ- -(_n-)- hn-eyw- ]n-‰v- -(kn-)- Zn-kv-d-tb-en- -(Un-)- hn-eyw- •m-Uv-Ã-¨-

10.- -"-]q¿-hm-N¬-'- F-∂- t]-cn-e-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-]¿-h-X-\n-c-bp-sS- a-s‰m-cp- t]-cv-?--(F-)- k-lym-Zn- -(_n-)- Im-c-t°m-dw--(kn-)- ]-Sv-Im-bv- -(Un-)- \o-e-Kn-cn-

11.- "-Zzn-a-Wv-U-e- \n-b-a-\n¿-am-W- k-`-'- F-∂-B-i-bw- C-¥y-≥ `-c-W-L-S-\- F-hn-sS-\n-∂m-Wv- I-Sw-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv-?--(F-)- Im-\-U- -(_n-)- bp.-F-kv.-F.--(kn-)- A-b¿-e-≥Uv- -(Un-)- bp.-sI.-

12.- C-¥y-bn-se- \o-Xn-\ym-b- hy-h-ÿ-:--(F-)- kz-X-¥-am-Wv- --(_n-)- ]-kn-U-‚n-s‚- Io-gn-em-Wv--(kn-)- ]-[m-\-a-¥n-bp-sS- Io-gn-em-Wv--(Un-)- ]m¿-e-sa-‚n-s‚- Io-gn-em-Wv-

13.- -F-Xm-a-sØ- ]-©-h¬-k-c-]-≤-Xn-bm-Wv-"-a-l-e-t\m-_n-kv- tam-U¬-'- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-?--(F-)- H-∂m-a-sØ- -(_n-)- c-≠m-a-sØ--(kn-)- aq-∂m-a-sØ--(Un-)- \m-em-a-sØ-

14.- -tI-c-f- ap-Jy-a-¥n-am-cn¬- K-h¿-W-dm-bn-\n-b-an-X-\m-b- G-I- hy-‡n-:--(F-)- sI.-I-cp-Wm-I-c-≥ -(_n-)- F.-sI.-B-‚-Wn--(kn-)- ]-´w- Xm-Wp-]n-≈- -(Un-)- C.-sI- \m-b-\m¿-

15.- -"-s^-U-td-j-≥'- F-∂- B-i-b-Øn-\v- C-¥y- ap-Jy-am-bpw- I-S-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂-Xv- G-Xv- cm-Py-sØ- `-c-W-L-S-\-tbm-Sm-Wv-?--(F-)- Z-£n-Wm-^n-°- -(_n-)- bp.-F-kv.-F.--(kn-)- Im-\-U- -(Un-)- A-b¿-e-≥Uv-

16.- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- Im-ew- tI-c-f- ap-Jy-a-¥n-:--(F-)- C.-sI.-\m-b-\m¿- -(_n-)- sI.-I-cp-Wm-I-c-≥-(kn-)- kn.-A-Nyp-X-ta-t\m-≥ -

2014 \hw_¿- 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 19

-(F-)- 1950 -(_n-)- 2000-(kn-)- 2002 -(Un-)- 1999

67.- Ir-jv-W-tZ-h-cm-b-cp-sS- k-a-Im-en-I-\m-bn-cp-∂- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-:--(F-)- A-Iv-_¿- -(_n-)- P-lmw-Ko¿--(kn-)- jm-P-lm-≥ -(Un-)- _m-_¿-

68.- "-c-‡-km-£n-I-fn¬- cm-P-Ip-am-c-≥'- F-∂p- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-´-Xv-:--(F-)- aw-Kƒ- ]m-Wv-sU- -(_n-)- tj¿- A-en--(kn-)- `-K-Xv- kn-Mv- -(Un-)- N-µ-ti-J¿-

69.- U¬-ln-bn-se- tam-Øn- a-kv-Pn-Zv- \n¿-an-®-Xv-:--(F-)- Hu-dw-K-ko-_v- -(_n-)- jm-P-lm-≥-(kn-)- P-lmw-Ko¿- -(Un-)- A-Iv-_¿-

70.- am-Xm-°ƒ- ln-µp-h-\n-X-I-fm-bn-cp-∂- ap-Kƒ- N-I-h¿-Øn-am¿-:--(F-)- A-Iv-_-dpw- P-lmw-Ko-dpw- --(_n-)- P-lmw-Ko-dpw- jm-P-lm-\pw--(kn-)- jm-P-lm-\pw- Hu-dw-K-ko-_pw- --(Un-)- lp-a-bq-Wpw- P-lmw-Ko-dpw-

71.- C-¥y- kz-X-¥-am-b-t∏mƒ- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂-\m-´p- cm-Py-ß-fp-sS- F-Æw-:--(F-)- 562 -(_n-)- 552-(kn-)- 299 -(Un-)- 384

72.- C-¥y-≥ tIm- -Ãn-‰yp-h-‚ v- A-kw-ªn-bp-sS- ssh-kv- ]-kn-U-‚ v- B-bn-cp-∂-Xv-:--(F-)- k-®n-Xm-\-µ- kn-≥l- --(_n-)- tUm.-cm-tP-µ-]-km-Zv--(kn-)- Pn.-hn.-am-hv-e-¶¿--(Un-)- F-®v.- kn.- ap-J¿-Pn-

73.- ssh-°w- k-Xym-K-l-Øn¬- ]-s¶-Sp-Ø-X-an-gv-\m-ń-se- t\-Xm-hv-:--(F-)- hn.-H.-Nn-Zw-_-cw- ]n-≈- --(_n-)- C.-hn.-cm-a-kzm-an- \m-bv-°¿--(kn-)- kp-_-a-Wy- `m-c-Xn- --(Un-)- kn.-cm-P-tKm-]m-em-Nm-cn-

74.- "-tl-a-N-µ- hn-I-am-Zn-Xy- `m¿-K-h-'- G-Xp-t]-cn-em-Wv- C-¥ym-N-cn-X-Øn¬- ]-kn-≤-≥?--(F-)- ]r-Yzn-cm-Pv- -(_n-)- hn-I-am-Zn-Xy-≥-(kn-)- sl-ap- -(Un-)- dm-Wm- ]-Xm-]v-

75.- C-¥y-≥ tIm-¨-Ãn-‰yp-h-‚ v- A-kw-ªn-bn¬- Aw-K-am-bn-cp-∂- ]-i-kv-X- ]-X-]-h¿-Ø-I-≥:--(F-)- cmw-\m-Yv- tKm-b-¶- --(_n-)- sI.-]n.-tI-i-h-ta-t\m-≥-(kn-)- _n.-Un.-tKm-b-¶--(Un-)- Pn.-kp-_-a-Wy- A-ø¿-

76.- C-¥y-bn-se- B-Zy-sØ- sF.-sF.-Sn.-F-

hn-sS-bm-Wv- ÿm-]n-®-Xv-?--(F-)- J-c-Kv-]q¿- -(_n-)- Im-¨-]q¿--(kn-)- U¬-ln- -(Un-)- sN-ss∂-

77.- C-¥y-bn¬- B-W-thm¿-P-h-Ip-∏v- B-cw-`n-®- h¿-jw-:--(F-)- 1948 -(_n-)- 1947-(kn-)- 1950 -(Un-)- 1954

78.- ssN-\-bn¬- am-thm- tk-Xp-ßn-s‚- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬- I-ayp-Wn-Ãv- `-c-Ww- ÿm-]n-°-s∏-´- h¿-jw-:--(F-)- 1949 -(_n-)- 1954-(kn-)- 1966 -(Un-)- 1951

79.- "-a-Wv-U¬- I-Ωn-j-≥ dn-t∏m¿-´v-'- \-S-∏m-°n-b-Xv- G-Xp- ]-[m-\-a-¥n-bp-sS- Im-e-Øm-Wv-?--(F-)- C-µn-cm-Km-\v-[n--(_n-)- cm-Po-hv- Km-‘n--(kn-)- hn.-]n.-kn-Mv- -(Un-)- N-µ-ti-J¿-

80.- "-Hm-K-kv-Xv- Hm-^¿-'- ap-t∂m-´p-h-®- ssh-tkm-bn-?--(F-)- th-h¬- ]- p-- (_n-)- en-≥en-Xv-tKm--(kn-)- au-≠v-_m-‰-¨- -(Un-)- hn-√n-Mv-S-¨-

81.- C-¥y-bv-°p- kzm-X-¥yw- \¬-Ip-∂-Xp- kw-_-‘n-®- ]-Jym-]-\w- ¢-a-‚ v- B-‰v-en- _n-ó-jv- ]m¿-e-sa-‚n¬- \-S-Øp-tºmƒ- C-¥y-bn¬- ssh-tkm-bn- B-bn-cp-∂-Xv-:--(F-)- en-≥en-Xv-tKm- -(_n-)- th-h¬- ]-`p--(kn-)- au-≠v-_m-‰- - (Un-)- do-Un-Mv- ]- p-

82.- "-Pq-X-°p-∂v-'- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-?--(F-)- am-Sm-bn- -(_n-)- a-´m-t©-cn--(kn-)- Nm-h-°m-Sv- -(Un-)- sIm-Sp-ß-√q¿-

83.- _o¿-_-en-s‚- b-Ym¿-Y-t]-cv-:--(F-)- cm-a-Xm-Wp- ]m-Wv-sU- -(_n-)- a-tl-jv-Zm-kv--(kn-)- cm-a-N-µ- ]m-Wv-Up-cw-Kv- -(Un-)- i-¶¿-

84.- _m-_-dp-sS- B-fl-I-Y-bm-b- "-_m-_¿-\m-a-'- G-Xp- `m-j-bn-em-Wv- c-Nn-°-s∏-´-Xv-?--(F-)- N-K-Øm-bv- S¿-°n-jv- -(_n-)- t]¿-jy-≥-(kn-)- A-d-_n- -(Un-)- D-dp-Zp-

85.- H-cp- h-\n-X,- s]m-eo-kv- h-Ip-∏p-ta-[m-hn-bm-b- B-Zy- C-¥y-≥ kw-ÿm-\w-:--(F-)- X-an-gv-\m-Sv- -(_n-)- ]-©m-_v--(kn-)- D-Ø-cm-J-Wv-Uv- (Un-)- D-Ø¿-]-tZ-iv-

86.- s\m-t_¬- e- n-®-h-cn¬- G-‰-hpw- ]m-bw-Ip-d-™- hy-‡n-:--(F-)- am¿-ń-≥ eq-X¿- In-Mv- --(_n-)- hn-eyw- _m-Kv-

-(kn-)- a-em-e- bp-k-^v-km-bv- --(Un-)- sl-≥dn- Up-\m-‚ v-

87.- "-tbmw- In-∏¿-'- G-Xp- a-X-hp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p-?--(F-)- ssP-\-a-Xw- -(_n-)- Pq-X-a-Xw--(kn-)- In-kv-Xp-a-Xw- (Un-)- C-…mw-a-Xw-

88.- G-Xp- tcm-Kw- \n¿-W-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\m-Wv- "-hm-k¿-am-≥ sS-Ãv-'- \-S-Øp-∂-Xv-?--(F-)- kn-^n-en-kv- -(_n-)- Ip-jv-Tw--(kn-)- ssS-t^m-bv-Uv- -(Un-)- a-te-dn-b-

89.- sa-°¬- tPm¿-Zm-≥ G-Xp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p-?--(F-)- ^p-Sv-t_mƒ- -(_n-)- thm-fo-t_mƒ--(kn-)- In-°-‰v- (Un-)- _m-kv-I-‰v-t_mƒ-

90.- Xm-sg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-bn¬- G-Xn-\p- k-ao-]-am-Wv- ap-Kƒ- Km¿-U-≥kv-?--(F-)- Ip-Ø-_v-an-\m¿- -(_n-)- Xm-Pv-a-l¬--(kn-)- C-¥y-≥ ]m¿-e-sa-‚ v- --(Un-)- cm-jv-S-]-Xn- `-h-≥

91.- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sn-b- ]m-b-Øn¬- tI-c-f- ap-Jy-a-¥n-bm-b- t\-Xm-hv-?--(F-)- C.-sI.-\m-b-\m¿--(_n-)- sI.-I-cp-Wm-I-c-≥-(kn-)- hn.-F-kv.-A-Nyp-Xm-\-µ-≥ --(Un-)- D-Ω-≥Nm-≠n-

92.- tPm-¨- G-W-Ãv-kv- lm-Mv-k¬-k¿- F-∂- lw-K-dn-°m-c-≥ tI-c-f-N-cn-X-Øn¬-G-Xp- t]-cn-em-Wv- ]-kn-≤-≥?--(F-)- A¿-tWm-kv- ]m-Xn-cn- --(_n-)- sl¿-a-≥ Kp-≠¿-´v--(kn-)- am-Xyq-kv- ]m-Xn-cn--(Un-)- tdm-_¿-´v- Im¬-sUz¬-

93.- "-Po-h-≥ a-im-bn-'- G-Xp- t\m-h-en-se- I-Ym-]m-X-am-Wv-?--(F-)- B-tcm-Ky-\n-tI-X-≥ --(_n-)- Zp¿-tK-i-\-µn-\n--(kn-)- B-\-µ-a-Tw- -(Un-)- ]-tY¿- ]m-Rv-P-en-

94.- "-eo-em-Xn-e-Iw-'- G-Xp- hn-`m-K-Øn¬-s∏-Sp-∂- K-Ÿ-am-Wv-?--(F-)- `m-jm-im-kv-Xw- -(_n-)- bm-Xm-hn-h-c-Ww--(kn-)- irw-Km-c-Im-hyw- -(Un-)- Po-h-N-cn-Xw-

95.- F-®v.-Pn.-sh¬-kn-s‚- ]p-kv-X-Iw- a-e-bm-f-Øn¬- "-tem-I-N-cn-X-kw-K-lw-'- F-∂-t]-cn¬- X¿-P-a- sN-bv-X-Xv-?--(F-)- C.-sI.-\m-b-\m¿- -(_n-)- C.-Fw.-F-kv.--(kn-)- kn.-A-Nyp-X-ta-t\m-≥ -

-(Un-)- ]-´w- Xm-Wp-]n-≈-96.- sam-tdm-s°m-bn-se- Sm-≥Pn-b¿- \-K-c-

Øn¬- P-\n-®- tem-I-]-i-kv-X-\m-b- k-©m-cn-?--(F-)- A¬- s_-dq-Wn -(_n-)- ^m-ln-bm-≥-(kn-)- C-_v-≥ _-Øq-Ø- -(Un-)- lp-bm-≥km-Mv-

97.- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- tÃ-‰v- tIm-¨-K-kv- cq-]-h¬-Ir-X-am-b- h¿-jw-:--(F-)- 1885 -(_n-)- 1935-(kn-)- 1947 -(Un-)- 1938

98.- tUm.-]¬-∏p-hn-s‚- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬- Cu-g-h-sa-tΩm-dn-b¬- k-a¿-∏n-®-Xv- G-Xp- cm-Pm-hn-\m-Wv-?--(F-)- am¿-Øm-Wv-U-h¿-a- -(_n-)- Nn-Øn-c- Xn-cp-\mƒ--(kn-)- io-aq-ew- Xn-cp-\mƒ- --(Un-)- B-bn-eyw- Xn-cp-\mƒ-

99.- C-cp-]-Xmw- \q-‰m-≠n¬- do-P-‚m-bn- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- `-cn-®- h-\n-X-:--(F-)- D-a-b-Ω- dm-Wn--(_n-)- Ku-cn- e-£v-ao-`m-bn--(kn-)- Ku-cn- ]m¿-h-Xn- `m-bn--(Un-)- tk-Xp-e-£v-ao-`m-bn-

100.- In-an-\¬- \-S-]-Sn-I-a-Øn-se,- \n-tcm-[-\m-⁄-bp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-´- h-Ip-∏v-:--(F-)- 100 -(_n-)- 304-(kn-)- 144 -(Un-)- 420

Answers

1 (c) 2 (c) 3 (b) 4 (d) 5 (d) 6 (d) 7 (d) 8(a) 9 (a) 10 (c) 11 (d) 12 (a) 13 (b) 14(c) 15 (c) 16 (a)17 (b) 18 (a)19 (c)20(c)21 (b)22 (b)23 (b)24 (c)25 (c)26(a)27 (d)28 (b)29 (c)30 (a)31 (c)32(b)33 (d)34 (b)35 (a)36 (a)37 (b)38(d)39 (c) 40 (a)41 (d)42 (c)43 (b)44(b)45 (d)46 (d)47 (b)48 (d) 49 (d)50(b)51 (b)52 (c)53 (d)54 (d)55 (a)56(c)57 (b)58 (b)59 (b)60 (c) 61 (b)62(d)63 (d)64 (d)65 (c)66 (c)67 (d)68(c)69 (a)70 (b)71 (a)72 (d)73 (b)74(c)75 (a)76 (a)77 (d)78 (a)79 (c)80(b)81 (b)82 (c)83 (b)84 (a)85 (c)86(c)87 (b)88 (a)89 (d)90 (d)91 (c)92(a)93 (a)94 (a)95 (c)96 (c) 97 (d)98(c)99 (d)100 (c)

10000 Graduate Level Questions SeriesXpS¿® (1951-2150)

Degree Level PracticeQuestion Paper-1

1. The award given to universities in Indiafor best all round performance in sportsis named after:(a) Sardar Patel (b) Netaji Subhas Bose(c) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad(d) Jawaharlal Nehru

2. Charles I of England was executed in:(a) 1649 (b) 1663 (c) 1673(d) 1683

3. Ivan the Terrible was the first Tsar of:(a) Germany (b) Austria(c) Russia (d) Spain

4. Who was married by Adolf Hitler theday before he committed suicide:(a) Claretta (b) Eva Braun(c) Ann Frank (d) Emile Shenkel

5. The trade name ‘hp’ is related to:(a) Tyres (b) Bicycles(c) Computer (d) Cement

6. What is the background of ‘War andPeace’ by Napoleon?(a) Russian invasion of Napoleon

(b) First World War(c) Second World War(d) Waterloo

7. The character Gora was created by:(a) Tagore (b) R.K.Narayan(c) Raja Rao (d) N.C.Chaudhary

8. Who is regarded as the father of IndianNuclear Science?(a) Vikram Sarabhai(b) Raja Ramanna (c) H.J.Bhabha(d) MN Saha

9. Sound does not pass through:(a) Solid (b) Liquid(c) Vacuum (d) None of these

10. ‘Google’ is a:(a) Word processor(b) Search engine(c) Operating system(d) Presentation Software

11. Alnico is an alloy of Aluminium, Nickeland .........(a) Iron (b) Copper (c) Tin (d) Cobalt

12.Which among the following is ametalloid?(a) Carbon (b) Silicon(c) Germanium (d) All of these

13. Colour of Iodoform:(a) Red (b) Blue(c) Green (d) Yellow

14.The botanical name of Pepper:(a) Piper nigrum (b) Solanumofficinarum (c) Adathoda vasica(d) Cocos nucifera

15. The first to use the word ‘GreenRevolution’?(a) William Gaud (b) Norman EBorlaug (c) MS Swaminathan(d) C Subramanyam

16.The snake that builds nest:(a) Viper (b) Rat Snake(c) Anaconda (d) King Cobra

17.The double walled covering of heart:(a) Peritoneum (b) Pericardium(c) Meninjus (d) None of these

18.Hardest part of the human body:(a) Enamal of tooth (b) Nail(c) Hair (d) Femur

19.Which disease is known as Break bonefever?(a) Rickets (b) Marasmus(c) Dengue fever (d) Scurvy

20.Which comes in the middle during solareclipse?

(a) Sun (b) Moon (c) Earth(d) None of these

21.Summer solstice in northernhemisphere:(a) June 21 (b) December 22(c) March 21 (d) September 23

22.Ringit is the currency of:(a) Malaysia (b) Thailand(c) Brunei (d) Laos

23.The correct order of mountain ranges inHimalayas from north to south:(a) Himachal, Himadri, Shiwalik(b) Himachal, Shiwalik ,Himadri(c) Himadri, Himachal, Shiwalik(d) Shiwalik, Himachal, Himadri

24.Oldest Dravidian language:(a) Telugu (b) Kannada(c) Malayalam (d) Tamil

25.The second metro railway in India:(a) Goa (b) Kolkata(c) New Delhi (d) Mumbai

26.In which year 14 banks werenationalised during the primeministership of Indira Gandhi?(a) 1959 (b) 1949 (c) 1969(d) 1979

27.Yakshagana is a folk dance drama of:

20 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2014 \hw_¿- 1

(a) Kerala (b) Tamil Nadu(c) Andhra Pradesh (d) Karnataka

28.Where is Chennakesava temple?(a) Belur (b) Halebid(c) Madurai (d) Hampi

29.Tiger state of India:(a) Gujarat (b) Rajastan(c) Madhya Pradesh (d) Assam

30.Who repaired Sudarshan lake?(a) Rudradaman (b) Kanishka(c) Pushyamitra (d) Devabhuti

31.Satavahanas were also known as:(a) Memaluks (b) Ikshakus(c) Andhra Bhrityas (d) Rajputs

32. Who revived Nalanda University?(a) Harsha (b) Sasanka(c) Pulikesin I (d) Baktiyar Khalji

33.Muhammad bin Tughlaq shifted thecapital of the Sultanate from Delhi to:(a) Agra (b) Tughlaqabad(c) Daulatabad (d) Siri

34. Tomb of Aurangazeb’s wife RabiaDurrani is known as ‘Poor man’s TajMahal’. It is situated in:(a) Agra (b) Sikandra(c) Aurangabad (d) Delhi

35.Vasco da Gama reached India for thesecond time in:(a) 1502 (b) 1503 (c) 1504 (d)1505

36. Who organised a raid on Chittagonggovernment armoury in 1930 April?(a) Bhagat Singh (b) Uddham Singh(c) Chandrasekhar Azad(d) Surya Sen

37. Who was the Viceroy when the firstCensus was held in 1872?(a) Mayo (b) Curzon(c) Hardinge II (d) Minto I

38.Who wrote ‘India Wins Freedom’?(a) C Rajagopalachari(b) Maulana Azad(c) Dr Rajendraprasad(d) Jawaharlal Nehru

39. The first Muslim to become thePresident of Indian National Congress:(a) Dadabhai Navroji(b) Pheroz Shah Mehta(c) Maulana Azad(d) Badruddin Thyabji

40.During which agitation Gandhiji gave theslogan’ Do or die’?(a) Salt satyagraha(b) Champaran Satyagraha(c) Quit India movement(d) Kheda satyagraha

41.The famous speech delivered byJawaharlal Nehru during the moments oftransfer of power in 1947, is known as:(a) I have a dream (b) Tryst with destiny(c) History will absolve me(d) None of these

42. ‘Project Arrow’ is related to:(a) Postal system (b)Telecommunication(c) Railway(d) Newspaper

43.The four languages added to the EighthSchedule recently:(a) Manipuri, Konkani, Nepali, Santhali(b) Dogri, Maithili, Konkani, Bodo(c) Dogri, Maithili, Sindhi, Bodo(d) Dogri, Maithili, Sindhi, Nepali

44.The total number of nominated membersin Parliament:(a) 14 (b) 24 (c) 12 (d) 17

45. The Twelfth Schedule was added to theConstitution was added by......Amendment:(a) 74th (b) 75th(c) 73rd (d) 62nd

46. The most powerful upper house of theLegislature in the world:(a) American Senate(b) House of Lords in Britain(c) Rajya Sabha in India(d) Duma in Russia

47.The birth day of Rajiv Gandhi isobserved as:(a) National youth day (b) Antiterrorism day (c) Sadbhavanadivas (d) None of these

48.The idea of the formation of SAARC wasfirst mooted by:

(a) HM Ershad (b) Yahya Khan(c) Indira Gandhi (d) Premadasa

49.“Man is born free and everywhere he isin chains” this statement is related to:(a) Rousseau (b) Plato(c) Dr. Johnson (d) Karl Marx

50.Who among the following got NobelPrize and Oscar?(a) Walt Disney (b) WinstonChurchill (c) George BernardShaw (d) Bertrand Russel

51.The smallest river in Kerala:(a) Mancheswaram (b) Chithari(c) Kavvayi (d) Neyyar

52.The largest hydro-electric project inKerala:(a) Peppara (b) Idukky(c) Kuttyadi (d) Pallivasal

53.The Zamorin king who was the exponentof Krishanattom?(a) Manavikraman (b) Manavedan(c) Sakthan (d) None of these

54.In which distrrict the famous Malayalampoet Ulloor S.Parameswarayyar wasborn:(a) Thiruvananthapuram(b) Kottayam(c) Thrissur (d) Kollam

55.The first computerised Taluk office inIndia:(a) Thiruvananthapuram (b) Ottappala(c) Palakkad (d) Nedumangad

56. In which subject Malala got Nobel Prizein 2014?(a) Peace (b)Literature(c) Economics (d) Chemistry

57. Which constituency is represented byNarendra Modi in Loksabha?(a) New Delhi (b) Varanasi(c) Gandhinagar (d) Vadnagar

58. The Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha :(a) Sumitra Mahajan (b) Meirakumar(c) Nitin Gadkari (d) Thampi Durai

59. The prime minister of ____ was thechief guest of the Republic Daycelebrations of 2014?(a) Kazakhstan (b) Thailand(c) Japan (d) Vietnam

60. Which company launched the vehicle‘Duster’?(a)Nissan (b) Ford(c) Suzuki (d) Renault

61. Complete the series: 81,69,58,48,39,……(a) 22 (b) 30 (c) 31 (d) 12

62. The average age of 29 boys in a classis 14 years. When the age of the classteacher is included, the averagebecomes 15 years. The age of theclass teacher is:(a) 44 (b) 42(c) 46 (d) 40

63. Select the odd one:(a) Knife (b) Sword(c) Hammer (d) Blade

64. By selling Oranges at 32 for Rs.10, aman loses 40%. How many orangesshould he sell for Rs.10 if he shouldgain 20%?(a) 10 (b) 13(c) 16 (d) 20

65. Find out the wrong term in the series:196,169,144,121,101(a) 101 (b) 121(c) 169 (d) 196

66. The weight of a dog is 24kg and 1/3 ofits weight has been increased in threemonths. Now the weight is:(a) 33kg (b) 36kg (c) 42kg (d) 32kg

67. Complete the series: Z,U,Q,?,L(a) I (b) K (c) M (d) N

68. Five equal squares are placed side byside to make a single rectangle. Theperimeter of the rectangle so formed is276cm. What is the area of the squareused?(a) 230 (b) 196 (c) 529 (d) 256

69. Acting : Theatre : Gambling :?(a) Casino (b) Club(c) Bar (d) Gymn

70. Average weight of 8 men increased by1.5kg when a man weighing 65kg wasreplaced by a new man. The weight ofthe new man is:

(a) 76kg (b) 78kg(c) 77kg (d) 80kg

71. Find the missing number: 3,5,9,17,33,?(a) 61 (b) 62(c) 63 (d) 65

72. The only number that is the perimeterand area of same square:(a) 16 (b) 4 (c) 80 (d) 20

73. If MADRAS is NBESBT then LAHOREwill be:(a) MBIPSF (b) NBISQF(c) MBIPFS (d) NCJQTG

74. If all divisors of 128 are arranged inascending order, the sixth division is:(a) 16 (b) 32(c) 64 (d) 128

75. You go north, turn right, then right againand then go to the left. In whichdirection are you now?(a) North (b) South(c) East (d) West

76. The least perfect square divisible by3,4,5,6 and 8 is:(a) 3600 (b) 2500(c) 1600 (d) 900

77. An employee same salary every month.His average income per day will be:(a) Maximum for the period of January,February,March(b) Maximum for the period ofFebruary,March,April(c) Maximum for the period of July,August, September(d) Same for the above three periods

78. A man travels from A to B at a speed of60kmph and back of a speed 40kmph.The distance between A and B is120km. The average speed of thejourney is (in kmph)(a) 52 (b) 50(c) 48 (d) 45

79. If FULFNHW is the code for CRICKET,then EULGH is the code for whichword?(a) PRIDE (b) BRIDE(c) BLADE (d) BLIND

80. Salary of a person increases by 4% peryear. His present salary is 9360. Whatwas his salary during last year?(a) 9250 (b) 9000(c) 9160 (d) 8750

81. Rani says “I am very fine” (Change intoindirect speech):(a) Rani said that she was very fine(b) Rani says that she was very fine(c) Rani says that she is very fine(d) Rani said that she is very fine

82. There is a significant statisticaldifference in the incidence of rheumaticfever in people with different blood types(Select the word that is closest inmeaning to the underlined):(a) Severity (b) Range ofoccurrence (c) Accidentalinfection (d) Spread

83. The antonym of ‘Lethargy’:(a) Dull (b) Lifeless(c) Leather (d) Vigour

84. Choose the correctly spelt word:(a) Metarology (b) Meteorology(c) Metiorology (d) Metorology

85. ‘Donor’ means:(a) Banker (b) Money(c) Giver (d) Doctor

86. ….. your breakfast already?(a) have you had (b) had you(c) Do you have (d) Has had

87. The noun form of ‘arrive’ is:(a) Arriving (b) Arrived(c) Arrive (d) Arrival

88. He was ….. by the lower court. butacquitted by the High Court:(a) Condemned (b) Defended(c) Protected (d) Gained

89. If I were a bird, ……(a) I would have flown away(b) I would fly away(c) I will fly away(d) I will have flown away

90. ….. is a doctor who is specialized incancer treatment:(a) Oncologist (b) Pathologist(c) Cardiologist (d) Ophthalmist

91. My brother deals …. silver.(a) with (b) at(c) in (d) about

92. The synonym of ‘Authentic’ is:(a)Genuine (b) Generous(c) General (d) Great

93. He is …… right man for the job.(a) a (b) the(c) an (d) no article

94. He goes to school ….. his bicycle.(a) by (b) on(c) in (d) between

95. The antonym of ‘reward’ is:(a) Award (b) Forward(c) Demote (d) Punish

96. In which part of the sentence is themistake ? A clemency petition(a)/wassent(b)/to the president(c)/as a lastretort(d)

97. Find out the synonym of ‘Synopsis’:(a) Munificent (b) Superb(c) Precis (d) Outdo

98. I hope you succeed ….. your effort.(a) in (b) on(c) from (d) with

99. If she had taken a taxi, she …… thestation in time.(a) had reached (b) would reach(c) would have been reached(d) would have reached

100.The synonym of ‘expiry’ is:(a) Termination (b) Medicine(c) Pharmacy (d) Medical Store

Answers

1(c) 2(a) 3 (c) 4 (b) 5(c) 6(a) 7(a) 8(c) 9(c)10(b) 11(d) 12(d) 13(d) 14(a) 15(a) 16(d)17(b) 18(a) 19(c) 20(b)2 1 (a) 22(a) 23 (c)24 (d) 25(c)2 6(c) 27(d) 28(a) 29(c) 30(a)31(c) 32(a) 33(c) 34(c) 35(a)36(d)37(a) 38(b)39(d) 40(c) 41(b) 42 (a) 43(c) 44 (a) 45(a)46(a) 47 (c) 48(a)49(a) 50(c) 51(a) 52(b)53(b) 54(b) 55(b) 56(a) 57(b) 58(d) 59(c)60(d)61 (c) 62(a) 63 (c) 64 (c) 65(a) 66(d)67(d) 68(c) 69(a) 70(c) 71(d) 72(a) 73(a)74(b) 75(c) 76(a) 77(b) 78(c) 79(b) 80(b) 81(c) 82(b) 83 (d) 84 (b) 85(c) 86(a) 87(d) 88(a)89(b) 90(a) 91(c) 92(a) 93(b) 94(b) 95(d)96(d) 97(c) 98(a) 99(d) 100(a)

Degree Level PracticeQuestion Paper-2

1. The value of 1.001+1.1001+0.1101 is:(a) 12.1112 (b) 12.0222(c) 12.2112 (d) 12.2202

2. The value of 3.15 X 0.15 is:(a) 0.4725 (b) 4.725(c) 0.4625 (d) 4.625

3. 13% of 770:(a) 100.1 (b) 100.0(c) 99.1 (d) 101.1

4. When the present age of the father isadded to the present age of the son, thetotal is 30. What will be their total ageafter 10 years?(a) 60 (b) 50(c) 40 (d) 35

5. Two pipes can fill a tank in 2 hours and3 hours separately. If both pipes areopened together the time required to fillthe tank is:(a) 80 min (b) 72 min(c) 60 min (d) 48 min

6. Two chairs are sold for Rs.80 each oneat a gain of 20% and the other at a lossof 20%. The net loss percentage is:(a) 0 (b) 4(c) 5 (d) 8

7. The missing term in the series:2,6,11,17,……,32 is:(a) 24 (b) 25(c) 27 (d) 28

8. A train of length 270 metres crosses atelegraph post in 18 seconds. Thespeed of the train is:(a) 35kmph (b) 45kmph(c) 60kmph (d) 54kmph

9. How many pieces of 4.5 metres can becut from a cloth of 112.5 metres of length?(a) 24 (b) 25

2014 \hw_¿- 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 21

(c) 26 (d) 2010. Magazine is related to reader in the

same way radio is related to:(a) Viewer (b) Announcer(c) Listener (d) Advertiser

11. Manu runs at 15.6 kmph. How manymetres does he runs in two minutes?(a) 260 (b) 312(c) 520 (d) 1040

12. Rice: Field :: Grapes:?(a) Courtyard (b) Garden(c) Vineyard (d) Lawn

13. A bag is priced Rs.80 and is sold forRs.68. The rate of discount is:(a) 20% (b) 17%(c) 15% (d) 12%

14. 20 persons complete a job in 20 days.How many days will 25 men to completethe same job?(a) 25 (b) 16(c) 20 (d) 12

15. A train travels 42.5 kmph. How manymetres it will travel in 12 minutes?(a) 85 (b) 850(c) 8500 (d) 85000

16. One kilogram is equal to …… gms:(a) 1000 milligrams (b) 100 milligrams(c) 1000 grams (d) 10 centigrams

17. The sum of two numbers is 15 and theirdifference is 3. The numbers are:(a)15 and 12 (b) 9 and 6(c) 10 and 5 (d) 12 and 9

18. The next number in the series 1,2,5,10 is:(a) 15 (b) 21(c) 17 (d) 20

19. A boy buys 3 oranges for Rs.4. Howmuch he will pay for 3 dozen oranges?(a) Rs.36 (b) Rs.48(c) Rs.38 (d) Rs.32

20. The length of a rectangle is increasedby 30% and and width is decreased by30%. The percentage change in area ofrectangle is:(a) 6 (b) 9(c) 18 (d) 24

21. The first peafowl sanctuary in Kerala:(a) Choolannur (b) Thattekkad(c) Thenmala (d) Mangalavanam

22. .What is known as ‘Railway city ofKerala’?(a) Kollam (b) Bepur(c) Shornur (d) Tirur

23. Mannadi, the place where Velu ThampyDalawa committed suicide is in thedistrict of:(a) Kollam (b) Pathanamthitta(c) Alappuzha (d) Ernakulam

24. Which European power built theThalassery fort?(a) British (b) Dutch(c) French (d) Portuguese

25. Who wrote the song’ OmanathinkalKidavo’?(a) Swati Trunal (b) IrayimmanThampy (c) Unnayi Varrier(d) Kunchan Nambiar

26. The novel ‘Indulekha’ was published in:(a) 1889 (b) 1894(c) 1885 (d) 1872

27. ‘Jeevitha Samaram’ is theautobiography of:(a) C Kesavan (b) K PKesavamenon (c) Thoppil Bhasi(d) Thakazhi

28. The only subject in which organisationsare eligible for Nobel Prize:(a) Peace (b) Economics(c) Literature (d) Chemistry

29. The first Indian to become MissUniverse:(a) Aishwarya Rai (b) Susmita Sen(c) Diana Heydan (d) Reita Faria

30. The headquarters of International Courtof Justice is in Peace Palace in:(a) Geneva (b) Amsterdam(c) Hague (d) London

31.The leader related to ‘Pravasi BharatiyaDivas’(NRI Day):(a) Rajiv Gandhi (b) VP Singh(c) Morarji Desai (d) Gandhiji

32. “ Four hostile newspapers are more tobe feared than a thousand bayonets”this statement was made by:(a) Abraham Lincoln (b) Churchill(c) Napoleon (d) Gandhiji

33. Isac Newton who is famous for his

discovery of Laws of gravitation andthree laws of motion, was born in:(a) France (b) Germany(c) Spain (d) England

34. The spirutual guru of Vivekananda:(a) Ramakrishna Paramahansa(b) Dayanand Saraswathy(c) Iswar Chandra Vidhyasagar(d) Rajaram Mohun Roy

35. Who was known as ‘Fuhrer’?(a)Mussolini (b) Adolf Hitler(c) Garibaldi (d) Stallin

36. Statue of Tiruvalluvar is the talleststatue in India. It is in:(a)Maharashtra (b) Andhra Pradesh(c) Tamil Nadu (d) Karnataka

37. The first Asian city to host Olympics:(a)Beijing (b) Sydney(c) Tokyo (d) Bangkok

38. Ohmmeter measures:(a) Potential difference(b) Electrical resistance(c) Salinity (d) Humidity

39. The colour of universe:(a)Black (b) White(c) Red (d) Blue

40. The full form of IBM:(a) Indian Business Machines(b) International Business Machines(c) International Business Management(d) None of these

41. The gas using for filling balloons:(a) Nitrogen (b) Oxygen(c) Helium (d) Argon

42. The full form of D.D.T.:(a) Dichlorodiphenyltrichloromethane(b) Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(c) Diphenyldichlorotrichloroethane (d)Disulphophenyltrichloromethane

43.The acid contained in Palm oil:(a) Palmitic acid (b) Citric acid(c) Malic acid (d) Lactic acid

44. The birth place of Coffee plant:(a) India (b) Arabia(c) Ethiopia (d) Ghana

45Which animal produces tears withoutcrying?(a) Elephant (b) Monkey(c) Donkey (d) Seal

46. Which bird lays eggs with dark greencolour:(a) Kiwi (b) Emu(c) Ostrich (d) Penguin

47. The planets without satellite areMercury and .......(a) Mars (b) Earth(c) Venus (d) Neptune

48. Britain of the South:(a) Japan (b) New Zealand(c) Sri Lanka (d) India

49. Mettur Dam in Tamil Nadu is in .....river.(a) Noyal (b) Amaravati(c) Tamraparni (d) Kaveri

50. Only person to be granted the highesthonorary rank of Indian Airforce -Marshal of the Air Force:(a)Manekshaw (b) Kariappa(c) Arjan Singh (d) None of these

51. The Indian State where Hindu MarriageAct is not applicable is:(a) Jammu & Kashmir (b) Sikkim(c) Assam (d) Tamil Nadu

52. The source of Indian Philosophy:(a) Ramayana (b) Upanishads(c) Rig Veda (d) Yajur Veda

53. Who founded the Khilji dynasty?(a) Balban (b) Alauddin Khilji(c) Jalauddin Khilji (d) Iltutmish

54. Who coined the slogan ‘InquilabZindabad’?(a)Bhagat Singh (b) Netaji Bose(c) Aurobindo Ghosh (d) MuhammadIqbal

55. What was the real name of DayanandSaraswathy?(a)Mul Sankar (b) Narendranath(c) Gadhadhar (d) Moniya

56. The first session of INC was held in:(a)1885 (b) 1887(c) 1889 (d) 1890

57. The parliament of...... is known as the‘mother of all parliaments’:(a)USA (b) India(c) Britain (d) Greece

58. Who among the following is the

authority to issue ordinances?(a) Prime Minister (b) Speaker(c) Supreme Court(d) President

59. The number of states formed in 1956under the State Reorganisation Act:(a) 20 (b) 22(c) 28 (d) 14

60. Which Article of the Constitution isrelated to amenedment procedure?(a) 268 (b) 386(c) 368 (d) 383

61. Which Act passed by the BritishParliament divided India and Pakistan?(a) Indian Independence Act, 1947(b) Govt. of India Act, 1935(c) Govt. of India Act, 1947(d) Atlee’s declaration

62. The first chairman of the NationalHuman Rights Commission:(a) A.S. Anand (b) Venkitachelliah(c) Ranganath Mishra (d) None ofthese

63. Maxim Gorkey who authored ‘Mother’was a ........writer:(a) Italian (b) Spanish(c) French (d) Russian

64. The Austrian woman who was marriedby Subhas Chandra Bose:(a) Madelein Slade (b) Emile Shenkel(c) Bhikaji Kama (d) None of these

65. ‘Bridgestone’ is related to:(a) Scooter (b) Cement(c) Tyres (d) Shoes

66. The place where Rajiv Gandhi wasassassinated:(a) New Delhi (b) Amethi(c) Sriperumputhur (d) Chennai

67. Who was the president of India duringthe celebration of the 50 th year ofRepulic of India?(a) Shankar Dayal Sharma (b) APJAbdul Kalam (c) KR Narayanan(d) R Venkataraman

68. Servants of India Society was foundedby Gopal Krishna Gokhale in:(a) 1900 (b) 1905(c) 1906 (d) 1907

69. An Irish woman Margaret Noble becamethe disciple of ....... and adopted thename Sister Nivetita.(a) Vivekananda (b) Gandhiji(c) Aurobindo Ghosh(d) Dayanand Saraswathy

70. Who authored ‘In search of Gandhi”?(a) Louis Fischer (b) R.K.Narayan(c) Richard Attenborogh(d) None of these

71. Arabs under Muhammad Bin Qasimmade the first Muslim invasion on Indiain the year:(a) 721 (b) 712(c) 788 (d) 1000

72. The greatest ruler in the history ofMaratha Empire:(a) Shambhaji (b) Shivaji(c) Sahu (d) Balaji Viswanath

73. Revenue Minister of Akbar was:(a) Todarmal (b) Asaf Khan(c) Birbal (d) Man Singh

74. Who was the greatest king of Vardhanadynasty?(a) Prabhakaravardhana(b) Harshavardhana(c) Rajyavardhana (d) None of these

75. Jatra is folk dance drama popular in thevillages of:(a) West Bengal (b) Assam(c) Tamil Nadu (d) Gujarat

76.The largest African country:(a) Congo (b) Algeria(c) Sudan (d) South Africa

77. The Minister for Revenue in Kerala:(a) KM Mani (b) Adoor Prakash(c) Thiruvanchoor Radhakrishnan(d) K B Ganeshkumar

78. The national heritage animal of India:(a) Lion (b) Tiger(c) River Dolphin (d) Elephant

79. The co-laureate of Nobel Peace Prizewith Malala:(a) Kailash Satyarthi (b) Aruna Roy(c) Aravind Kejrival(d) None of these

80. The new Lok Sabha Speaker of India:(a) Rajnath Singh (b) Thampi Durai(c) Meirakumar (d) Sumitra Mahajan

81.How …….. is it since you left your house?

(a) far (b) long(c) many (d) much

82. Last year my father …….. a computerfrom England.(a) purchase (b) bring(c) brought (d) send

83. Mohan has visited all the cities in Keralasince he …… working in the roadtransport.(a) had (b) has been(c) having (d) had been

84. The word ‘able’ is an:(a)Adverb (b) Adjective(c) Article (d) Apostrophe

85. The teacher asks the boy, …….?(a)why you are late(b) why you werelate(c) why were you late(d) why are you late

86. Pick out the incorrect singular-pluralgroup among the following?(a)Child-Children (b) Storey-Stories(c) Mouse-Mice (d) Wolf-Wolves

87. I believe, you are just eighteen yearsold, ……?(a) don’t you (b) are you(c) aren’t you (d) didn’t you

88. The two brothers shared the apple ……them.(a)by (b) between(c) for (d) with

89. The one word substitute for one whostudies rivers is:(a)Diluvialist (b) Speleologist(c) Potamologist (d) Orologist

90. My uncle always …….. to my request.(a)response (b) responds(c) react (d) recognise

91. The students stood up when theteacher ……. the class room:(a)enters (b) is entering(c) has entered (d) entered

92. Select the word with correct spelling:(a)Tableou (b) Tableau(c) Tablo (d) Teblo

93. ‘Crush’ means:(a)Subdue (b) Grind(c) Execute (d) Crowd

94. ‘To read between the lines’ means:(a) To suspect (b) To read carefully(c) To understand the hidden meaningof the writer(d) to do useless things

95. The thief jumped ……. the compoundwall.(a) on (b) of(c) at (d) over

96. My purse has been missing …….yesterday.(a)till (b) from(c) on (d) since

97. ‘Fable’ means:(a) Invention (b) Table(c) Tale (d) Epic

98. She was so badly injured that sheneeded …… care in the hospital.(a)Extensive (b) Little(c) Medical (d) Intensive

99. Good teachers usually ……. brightpupils in their studies.(a)Enthrall (b) Encourage(c) Engage (d) Encroach

100.All differences between nations andpersons ……. amicably.(a)should be settled (b) settle(c) are settling (d) were settling

Answers

1 (c) 2(a) 3 (a) 4 (b) 5(b) 6(b) 7(a) 8(d) 9(b)10(c) 11(c) 12(c) 13(c) 14(b) 15(c) 16(c)17(b) 18(c) 19(b) 20(b)21 (a) 22 (c) 23 (b)24 (a) 25(b)26 (a) 27 (a) 28(a) 29(b) 30(c)31 (d) 32(c)33 (d) 34(a)35 (b)36(c) 37(c)38(b)39(a)40(b)41 (c)42(b) 43(a) 44(c) 45(d)46(b)47(c)48(b) 49(d) 50(c)51 (a)52 (b)53(c)54(d) 55 (a)56(a)57 (c) 58(d) 59 (d) 60(c) 61 (a)62(c) 63(d) 64(b) 65 (c) 66(c)67(c)68(b) 69(a) 70(c)71 (b)72(b) 73(a) 74(b)75(a)76(b) 77(b) 78(d) 79(a) 80(d) 81 (b)82(c) 83 (b) 84 (b) 85(d) 86(b) 87(c) 88(b)89(c) 90(b) 91(d) 92(b) 93(b) 94(c) 95(d)96(d) 97(c) 98(d) 99(b) 100(a)

22 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2014 \hw_¿- 1

1. Ten years ago, R was half of S in age. If the ratio of theirpresent ages is 3:4, what will be the total of theirpresent ages?A. 45 B. 40 C. 35 D. 30Answer : Option CExplanation :Let the present age of R and S be 3xand 4x respectively. Ten years ago, R was half of Sin age=> (3x – 10) = ½ (4x – 10) => 6x – 20 = 4x – 10 => 2x = 10 => x = 5total of their present ages = 3x + 4x = 7x = 7 ×5 = 35

2. Father is aged three times more than his son Anil.After 8 years, he would be two and a half times ofAnil's age. After further 8 years, how many timeswould he be of Anil's age?A. 4 times B. 5 times C. 2 timesD. 3 timesAnswer : Option CExplanation :Assume that Anil's present age = x. Then father's present age = 3x + x = 4xAfter 8 years, fathers age = 2 ½ times of Anils' age=> (4x+8) = 2 ½ × (x+8)=> 4x + 8 = (5/2) ×(x + 8) => 8x + 16 = 5x+ 40 => 3x = 40-16 = 24 => x = 24/3 = 8After further 8 years, Anil's age = x + 8+ 8 = 8+8+8 = 24Father's age = 4x + 8 + 8 = 4 × 8 + 8 + 8 = 48Father's age/Anil's age = 48/24 = 2

3. A man's age is 125% of what it was 10 years ago,but 83 1/3 % of what it will be after ten 10 years.What is his present age?A.70 B.60 C.50 D.40Answer : Option CExplanation :Let the age before 10 years = x Then 125x/100 = x + 10 =>125x = 100x + 1000 => x = 1000/25 = 40Present age = x + 10 = 40 +10 = 50

4. A man is 24 years older than his son. In two years,his age will be twice the age of his son. What is thepresent age of his son?A.23 B.22 C.21 D.20Answer : Option BExplanation :Let the present age of the son = x yearsThen present age the man = (x+24) yearsGiven that in 2 years, man's age will be twice theage of his son=> (x+24) +2 = 2(x+2)=> x = 22

5. Present ages of Kiran and Syam are in the ratio of 5: 4 respectively. Three years hence, the ratio of theirages will become 11 : 9 respectively. What is Syam'spresent age in years?A.28 B.27 C.26 D.24Answer : Option DExplanation :Ratio of the present age of Kiran and Syam = 5 : 4=> Let the present age of Kiran = 5x Present age of Syam = 4xAfter 3 years, ratio of their ages = 11:9=> (5x + 3) : (4x + 3) = 11 : 9=> (5x+3) / (4x+3) = 11/9=> 9(5x + 3) = 11(4x + 3)=> 45x + 27 = 44x + 33=> x = 33-27 =6Syam's present age = 4x = 4×6 = 24

6. The sum of ages of 5 children born at the intervalsof 3 years each is 50 years. Find out the age of theyoungest child?A. 6 B.5 C.4 D.3Answer : Option CExplanation :Let the age of the youngest child = xThen the ages of 5 children can be written as x,(x+3), (x+6),(x+9) and (x+12)X + (x+3) + (x+6) + (x+9) + (x+12) = 50=> 5x + 30 =50=> 5x = 20=> x = 20/5 = 4

7. A is two years older than B who is twice as old as C.The total of the ages of A, B and C is 27. How old is B?A.10 B.9 C.8 D.7Answer : Option AExplanation :Let the age of C = x. ThenAge of B = 2xAge of A = 2 + 2xThe total age of A,B and C =27=> (2+2x) + 2x + x = 27=> 5x = 25=> 25/5 = 5B's age = 2x = 2×5 = 10

8. The Average age of a class of 22 students is 21years. The average increased by 1 when theteacher's age also included. What is the age of theteacher?A. 48 B. 45 C. 43 D. 44Answer : Option DExplanation :Total age of all students = 22×21 Total age of all students + age of the teacher =23 × 22Age of the teacher = 23×22 – 22×21 = 22(23-21)= 22×2 = 44

9. A father said to his son, "I was as old as you are atthe present at the time of your birth". If the father'sage is 38 years now, what was the son's age fiveyears back?A. 20 years B. 18 years C. 14 yearsD. 22 yearsAnswer : Option CExplanation :Let the son's present age be x years. Then, (38 - x) = x=> 2x = 38=> x = 38/2 = 19Son's age 5 years back = 19-5 = 14

10. Ayisha's age is 1/6th of her father's age. Ayisha 'sfather's age will be twice the age of Shankar's ageafter 10 years. If Shankar's eight birthdays wascelebrated two years before, then what is Ayisha 'spresent age.n's age 5 years back = 19-5 = 14A. 10 years B. 18 years C. 8 yearsD. 5 yearsAnswer : Option DExplanation :Consider Ayisha's present age = xThen her father's age = 6xGiven that Ayisha 's father's age will be twice theage of Shankar's age after 10 years=> Shankar's age after 10 years = ½ (6x + 10) =3x + 5Also given that Shankar's eight birthdays wascelebrated two years before =>Shankar's age after 10 years = 8 + 12 = 20=> 3x + 5 = 20=> x = 15/3 = 5=> Ayisha 's present age = 5 years

11.The sum of the present ages of a son and his fatheris 60 years. Six years ago, father's age was five

times the age of the son. After 6 years, what will beson's age?A 23 years B. 22 years C. 21 yearsD. 20 yearsAnswer : Option DExplanation :Let the present age of the son = x, thenPresent age of the father = 60-xSix years ago father's age was 5 times the age ofthe son=> (60-x)-6 = 5(x-6)=> 84 = 6x=> x = 84/6 = 14Son's age after 6 years = x + 6 = 14 + 6 = 20

12.Kiran is younger than Bineesh by 7 years and theirages are in the respective ratio of 7 : 9, how old isKiran?A. 25 B. 24.5 C. 24 D. 23.5Answer : Option BExplanation :Let the ages of Kiran and Bineesh are 7x and 9xrespectively7x = 9x-7=> x = 7/2 = 3.5Kiran's age = 7x = 7 × 3.5 = 24.5

13.Six years ago, the ratio of the ages of Vimal andSaroj was 6 : 5. Four years hence, the ratio of theirages will be 11 : 10. What is Saroj's age at present?A. 18 B. 17 C. 16 D. 15Answer : Option CExplanation :Given that , six years ago, the ratio of the ages ofVimal and Saroj = 6 : 5Hence we can assume thatThe age of Vimal six years ago = 6xThe age of Saroj six years ago = 5xAfter 4 years, the ratio of their ages = 11 : 10=> (6x+10) / (5x + 10) = 11/10=> 10(6x + 10) = 11(5x + 10)=> 5x = 10=> x = 10/5 = 2Saroj's present age = 5x + 6 = 5×2 +6 = 16

14.One year ago sunu's & Manu's age was 6:7respectievely. Four years hence, the ratio wouldbecome 7:8. How old is sunu?A. 31 B. 36 C. 37 D. 30Answer : Option AExplanation :Let sunu's & manu's ages one year ago be 6x &7x years respetievely. Then sunu's age four yearshence= (6x+1)+4=6x+5 yearsManu's age four years hence= (7x+1)+4=7x+5yearsie 6x+5/7x+5=7/8=> 8(6x+5)=7(7x+5)=> 48x+40=49x+35=> 49x-48x=40-35=> x=5hence sunu's present age is=6x+1 = 6x5+1

=30+1=31 years15.At present, the ratio between the ages of Shekhar

and Shobha is 4 : 3. After 6 years, Shekhar'sA. 15 B. 14 C. 13 D. 12Answer : Option AExplanation :After 6 years, Shekhar's age will be 26years=> Present age of Shekhar = 26 – 6 = 20Let present age of Shobha = xThen 20/x = 4/3=> x = 20×3/4 = 15

MATHS CORNER - Problems on AgeShaji K

2014 \hw_¿- 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 23

16.My brother is 3 years elder to me. My father was 28years of age when my sister was born while my motherwas 26 years of age when I was born. If my sister was4 years of age when my brother was born, then whatwas the age my father when my brother was born?A. 35 B. 34 C. 33 D.32Answer : Option DExplanation :Let my age = xThenMy brother's age = x + 3My mother's age = x + 26My sister's age = (x + 3) + 4 = x + 7My Father's age = (x + 7) + 28 = x + 35=> age my father when my brother was born = x+ 35 – (x + 3) = 32

17.The present ages of A,B and C are in proportions 4: 7 : 9. Eight years ago, the sum of their ages was56. What are their present ages (in years)?A. Insufficient data B. 16, 30, 40C. 16, 28 40 D. 16, 28, 36Answer : Option DExplanation :Let's take the present age of A,B and C as 4x, 7xand 9x respectivelyThen(4x - 8) + (7x – 8) + (9x – 8) = 56=> 20x = 80=> x = 4Hence the present age of A, B and C are 4×4,7×4 and 9×4 respectively ie, 16,28 and 36 respectively.

18.A person's present age is two-fifth of the age of hismother. After 8 years, he will be one-half of the ageof his mother. What is the present age of the mother?A.60 B. 50 C. 40 D.30Answer : Option CExplanation :Let the present age of the person = x .Then present age of the mother = 5x/2Given that , after 8 years, the person will be one-half of the age of his mother.=> (x + 8) = (1/2)(5x/2 + 8)=> 2x + 16 = 5x/2 + 8=> x/2 = 8=> x = 16Present age of the mother = 5x/2 = 5×16/2 = 40

19.A is as much younger than B and he is older than C.If the sum of the ages of B and C is 50 years, whatis definitely the difference between B and A's age?A. Inadequate data B. 3 C. 2 D. 5Answer : Option AExplanation :Age of C < Age of A < Age of BGiven that sum of the ages of B and C is 50 years.=> Let's take B's age = x and C's age = 50-xNow we need to find out B's age – A's age. But wecannot find out this with the given data.

20.Sobha's father was 38 years of age when she wasborn while her mother was 36 years old when herbrother four years younger to her was born. What isthe difference between the ages of her parents?A. 6 B. 5 C. 4 D. 12Answer : Option AExplanation :Let Sobha's age = x and her brother's age = x-4ThenSobha's father's age = x + 38Sobha's mother's age = (x-4) + 36=> Sobha's father's age - Sobha's mother's age =(x + 38) – [(x-4) + 36]= x + 38 –x +4 – 36= 6

21.The age of father 10 years ago was thrice the ageof his son. Ten years hence, father's age will betwice that of his son. What is the ratio of their presentages?A. 7 : 3 B. 3 : 7 C. 9 : 4 D.4 : 9Answer : Option AExplanation :Let the age of the son before 10 years = x and

age of the father before 10 years = 3xNow we can write as(3x + 20) = 2(x + 20)=> x = 20=> Age of Father the son at present = x + 10 =20 + 10 = 30Age of the father at present = 3x + 10 = 3×20 +10 = 70Required ratio = 70 : 30 = 7 : 3

22.The ages of two persons differ by 16 years. 6 yearsago, the elder one was 3 times as old as the youngerone. What are their present ages of the elder person?A.10 B. 20 C. 30 D.40Answer : Option CExplanation :Let's take the present age of the elder person = x and the present age of the younger person = x – 16(x – 6) = 3 (x-16-6)=> x – 6 = 3x – 66=> 2x = 60=> x = 60/2 = 30

23.The present age of a father is 3 years more thanthree times the age of his son. Three years hence,father's age will be 10 years more than twice theage of the son. What is father's present age?A.30 B.31 C. 32 D.33Answer : Option DExplanation :Let the present age the son = x. Then present age of the father = 3x + 3 Given that ,three years hence, father's age will be10 years more than twice the age of the son=> (3x+3+3) = 2(x + 3) +10=> x = 10Father's present age = 3x + 3 = 3×10+ 3 = 33

24.Kamal was 4 times as old as his son 8 years ago.After 8 years, Kamal will be twice as old as his son.Find out the present age of Kamal.A.40 B.38 C. 42 D.36Answer : Option AExplanation :Let the age of the son before 8 years = x.Then age of Kamal before 8 years ago = 4xAfter 8 years, Kamal will be twice as old as his son => 4x + 16 = 2(x + 16)=> x = 8Present age of Kamal = 4x + 8 = 4×8 +8 = 40

25.If 6 years are subtracted from the present age ofAjay and the remainder is divided by 18, then thepresent age of Rahul is obtained. If Rahul is 2 yearsyounger to Denis whose age is 5 years, then what isAjay 's present age?A.50 B.60 C. 55 D.62Answer : Option BExplanation :Present age of Denis = 5 yearsPresent age of Rahul = 5-2 = 3Let the present age of Ajay = xThen (x-6)/18 = present age of Rahul = 3=> x- 6 = 3×18 = 54=> x = 54 + 6= 60

26.The ratio of the age of a man and his wife is 4:3. Atthe time of marriage the ratio was 5:3 and After 4years this ratio will become 9:7. How many yearsago were they marriedA.8 B.10 C. 11 D.12Answer : Option DExplanation :Let the present age of the man and his wife be 4xand 3x respectively.After 4 years this ratio will become 9:7 => (4x + 4)/ (3x + 4) = 9/7=> 28x + 28 = 27x + 36=> x = 8=> Present age of the man = 4x = 4×8 = 32Present age of his wife = 3x = 3×8 = 24Assume that they got married before t years.Then(32 – t) / (24 – t) = 5/3

=> 96 – 3t = 120 – 5t=> 2t = 24=> t = 24/2 = 12

27.The product of the ages of Syam and Sunil is 240.If twice the age of Sunil is more than Syam's age by4 years, what is Sunil's age?A.16 B.14 C. 12 D.10Answer : Option CExplanation :Let the age of Sunil = x and age of Syam = y.Thenxy = 240 ---(1)2x = y + 4 => y = 2x – 4=> y = 2(x – 2) ---(2)Substituting equation (2) in equation (1). We getx × 2(x-2) = 240=> x (x-2) = 240/2 => x (x -2) = 120 ---(3)We got a quadratic equation to solve. Always time is precious and objective tests measuresnot only how accurate you are but also how fast youare. We can either solve this quadratic equation inthe traditional way. But more easy way is justsubstitute the values given in the choices in thequadratic equation (equation 3 ) and see whichchoice satisfy the equation. Here the option A is 10. If we substitute that valuein the quadratic equation, x(x-2) = 10 × 8 which isnot equal to 120 Now try option B which is 12. If we substitute that valuein the quadratic equation, x(x-2) = 12 × 10 = 120.See,we got that x = 12.Hence Sunil's age = 12

28.One year ago, the ratio of Sooraj's and Vimal's agewas 6: 7 respectively. Four years hence, this ratiowould become 7: 8. How old is Vimal?A.32 B.34 C. 36 D.38Answer : Option CExplanation :Let take the age of Sooraj and Vimal , 1 year agoas 6x and 7x respectively.Given that, four years hence, this ratio wouldbecome 7: 8.=> (6x + 5)/(7x + 5) = 7/8=> 48x + 40 = 49x + 35=> x = 5Vimal's present age = 7x + 1 = 7×5 + 1 = 36

29.The total age of A and B is 12 years more than thetotal age of B and C. C is how many year youngerthan A?A.10 B.11 C. 12 D.13Answer : Option CExplanation :Given that A+B = 12 + B + C=> A – C = 12 + B – B = 12=> C is younger than A by 12 years

30.Sachin's age after 15 years will be 5 times his age5 years back. Find out the present age of Sachin?A.10 B.11 C. 12 D.13Answer : Option AExplanation :Let the present age of Sachin = xThen (x+15) = 5(x-5)=> 4x = 40=> x = 10

31.Sandeep's age after six years will be three-seventhof his father's age. Ten years ago the ratio of their ageswas 1 : 5. What is Sandeep's father's age at present?A.30 B.40 C. 50 D.60Answer : Option CExplanation :Let the age of Sandeep and his father before 10years be x and 5x respectively.Given that Sandeep's age after six years will bethree-seventh of his father's age=> x + 16 = (3/7)(5x + 16)=> 7x + 112 = 15x + 48=> 8x = 64=> x = 8Sandeep's father's present age = 5x + 10 = 5×8+ 10 = 50

24 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2014 \hw_¿- 1

Views and ideas expressed in the articles published in PSC Bulletin are not, necessarily, those of the Commission. Edited and Published by P.C.Binoy, Secretary, Kerala Public ServiceCommission on behalf of Kerala Public Service Commission and Printed by him at P. Krishna Pillai Memorial Printing & Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, Thiruvananthapuram.

PSC BULLETINFortnightly

1. R.N. 44588/86Reg. No. KL/TV (N)34/2012-142. Licence No. for posting without pre payment - KL/TV(N)/WPP/165/2012-14

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PSC November 1 - Kerala Public Service Commission · 2018. 8. 23. · Vol. 26 Issue 5 Fortnightly...

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Transcript of PSC November 1 - Kerala Public Service Commission · 2018. 8. 23. · Vol. 26 Issue 5 Fortnightly...